The Missionary Review of the World — December 1938

1938

"What a Time to Be in China 1"

Courtenay H. Penn The Call of the Dyacks of Borneo R. A. Jaf/ray Christian Sadhus and Ashrams w. Q. Lash What Is the Koran?

E. E. Elder The Privilege of Preaching to Moslems -Stephen Khoobyar Presenting the Gospel in Brazil E. M. Do Amaral The Prime Needs of a City Church G. H. Bechtold 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to. Remember LET CHRISTMAS COME T:O

December 6-9-Biennial meeting of The chUdren of war.torn China. orphaned. abandoned. hopeless. lift appealing the Federal Council of Churches, hands. Your prayers and aid wUlllive them a Christian Christmas. Buffalo, N. Y. HOME OF OMESIPHORUI December 13-30 – International Mis- sionary Council, Madras, India. TAIAN. SHANTUNG. CHINA December 30-31 – All-India Confer- Thill faith work. one of the largest Christian institutions in the Orient. has saved ence of Indian Christians, Madras, thousands. Founded more than two decades ago by the Rev. and Mrs. Anglin. India. Thousands of earnest Christians have been blessed by sharin. their means in this ministry. Your help now will make Christmas a time of joy for hopeless chUdren January 8-10, 1939 – Home Missions and a time of reaping a great harvest of souls for the Kingdom. Council, Baltimore, Md. Write today for FREE picture and story of Chinese girl shown in this ad; January 21-25 – Cause and Cure of also receive "Helping China's Helpless." If God speaks to your heart, War Conference, Washington, D. C. enclose cheCk or money order or indicate willingness to join in prayer for God'. blessing on this work. Addres.: January 23-February IS-Iowa School for Missionaries. Iowa State College, HOME OF ONESIPHORUS American Office Ames, Iowa. 2811 North Racine Avenue Drawer 36 Chicago, Illinois February 6-l4-International Council of Religious Education, Chicago, Ill. Hughes was born in Atlanta, Ga., sev- Amoy, China, under the Reformed enty-two years ago. Church in America, died at Hemp- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- stead, L. I., on November 12th at the ARY ASSEMBLIES *** age of 85. She was born in China, the daughter of the Rev. John Van January 24-26-Jacksonville. Miss Annabel Galt, retired mission- Nest Talmadge, a missionary, and January 25-27-Daytona Beach. ary of the Presbyterian Board, died in after being educated in America re- January 28-February I-Miami. Orlando, Fla., October 3. Miss Galt turned for her long service in Amoy January 29-31-Ft. Lauderdale. went to Siam in. 1891, and was sta- and came to America only last year, February l-3-Palm Beaches. tioned at Petchaburi for eight years. suffering from the effects of a frac- February 4-8-0rlando. From 1900, she was connected with tured hip. February 5-7-DeLand. Bangkok Christian College as teacher February 9-l0-Sarasota. of English. In addition to this work *** February 8-l0-Ft. Myers. she taught Bible classes, prepared and February 11-I6-St. Petersburg. edited several textbooks in Siamese, Mrs. A,no Liza Gulick, the widow February l2-15-Clearwater. aided in planning and developing the of the Rev. O. H. Gulick, formerly a February 17-18-Southern College. women's organizations in the local and missionary to Japan under the Amer- February 19-21-Tampa. National church, and worked in the ican Board of Commissioners for For- February 19-21-Winter Haven. Sunday school and community. eign Missions, died in Honolulu on February 22-23-Quincy. October 9th at the age of 105. She February 23-24-Tallahassee. *** was born in the Hawaiian Islands and February 24-26-All College. later attended Mt. Holyoke College, The Rev. John B. Dunlap, D.D., an Massachusetts. She was married to Obituary Notes honorably retired missionary from Mr. Gulick in 1855 and went to Japan Siam of the Presbyterian Church, where they remained until 1892 when Dr. Murdoch MacKenzie, of the U. S. A., died in Los Gatos, California they returned to Hawaii to work United Church of Canada, widely on September 22nd. He was born in among the Japanese. known by reason of nearly fifty years' New Alexandria, Pa., on Sept. 12, service for missions in Honan, China, 1860, and after being graduated from THf PRfSBYTfRIAn died recently. Dr. Murdoch was born Washington and Jefferson College and eighty years ago in Scotland. In Western Theological Seminary, he (0 The only weekly in the 1883, he went to Canada, was educated sailed for Siam in 1888 and remained Presbyterian Church. in McGill University, and the Presby- there for forty years, teaching and terian Seminary in Montreal; in 1889, doing extensive evangelistic work. He (. Its message is based upon he was sent to Honan, and with Dr. also prepared a Siamese hymnal and the Revealed Word of God. Jonathan Goforth had many perilous directed the work of the Mission Press experiences. Dr. MacKenzie was a in Bangkok. (0 Goes into every state in man of profound and devout scholar- the Union, U. S. possessions ship, upon which he drew with untir- *** and many foreign countries. ing energy in the training of a native ministry. The Rev. Masue Kawazoe, veteran Subscription rate – $2.50 pastor of the Church of Christ in J a- Ministerial rate . . $2.00 Shortly before his death, he realized pan (the Presbyterian and Reformed a long-cherished desire to visit the Church) died July 11th at his home SOc. extra..Canadian postage Holy Land, and a farewell visit to his in Tokyo. Mr. Kawazoe. was born in $1.50 extra.. Foreign postage native Scotland. Kochi sixty-nine years ago, was bap'- tized at seventeen, educated at MeJji THE PRESBYTERIHn *** Gakuin, Tokyo, and Auburn Semi- nary, New York. After being or- 121 7 Market Street Samuel Bryant, Treasurer of the dained in 1898, he was pastor of Philaclelphia, Pa. American Baptist Home Mission So- churches in Nagasaki, Osaka and ciety since 1919, died at his home in Tokyo. He was a member of the Palisades Park, N. Y., September 21. Committee on the Revision of the He had devoted eight of the nineteen New Testament, on the editorial staff years of service without salary. of the Christian Literature Society of Japan, formerly dean of the Theo- *** logical Department of Meiji Gakuin. president emeritus of the Japan Theo- Mrs. Isabel Hughes, wife of Bishop logical Seminary, former president of Edwin H. Hughes of the Methodist the Synod of the Church of Christ in Episcopal Church, died in Washing- Japan, pastor emeritus of the Aoyama ton, D. C., September 16, after an ill- Church, Tokyo. and one of the foreness of more than two years. Mrs. most Japanese scholars of New Testa- ment Greek.

*** Miss Katharine M. Talmadge. for sixty-four years a missionary in

Malwa-the Great Temple THE

REVIEW OF THE WORLD When Ihe good wOl'k calls you Easl … sail DBLAVAN L. PIBBBON, BeUtor p&O VOL. LXI DEC., 1938 No. 12 Publication and Buslnesa Ollie&– Third and Reily Ste., Harrlsburl, Pa.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBBRT E. SPBBR, President A. L. WABNBlIUIB, V'CtI-Prerilknt W ALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIBBSON, Secretaf'1/ PAUL J. BRAISTED SAKUBL MCCREA CAVERT D. J. FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WK. B. LIPPllABD ERIC M. NORTH SAMUBL M. ZWEKER 1938 marks the second century of P & 0 Editorial Chat The great white Empresses hold service to the lands beyond Suez! When- every speed record to and from ever you are called to the other side of Here endeth our sixty-first volume the Orient. 10 days direct to the world, choose this traditional route. of THE REVIEW. But another volume Yokohama by Empress of Asia Cross to England by Cunard White Star begins with the January number. or Empress of Russia. Or only . . • and then embark in a great liner of This coming year is one that you will three days more via Hawaii by the P & 0 and British India fleets, led not wish to miss. Never were there Empress of Japan, largest and by the new 23,SOO-ton Stratheden and greater problems that face the Church fastest on the Pacific, or Empress Strathallan, featuring air-conditioned of Christ in China, Korea, Japan, In- of Canada. Connect at Honolulu dining saloons in first-class, hot and cold dia, Europe, and America. Never was from California ports. running water throughout, built-in out- there greater need for Christ and His From Vancouver and Victoria of-door swimming pools, children's play- Gospel; never were there larger op- to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, rooms! Regular service to Egypt, Sudan, portunities or greater encouragements. Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Iranian Gulf, India, Burma, Ceylon, THE REVIEW will keep you informed Details from YOUR TRAVEL Straits Settlements, China, Japan, Aus- on these points and on progress all AGENT or Canadian Pacific,: tralia, East and South Africa, Mauritius. over the world. 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. Special reductions and generous baggage allowance for missionaries. *** Convenient through bookings can be ar- In 1939 we plan to take up the most important topics discussed at the rangedby your travel agent or any office of Madras Conference, together with rad- ical changes proposed in missionary CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE policies and methods. Mrs. Howard Taylor is to tell in our January issue General Agents the inspiring story of how God guided the program of the China Inland Mis- 25 Broadway and 638 Fifth Avenue, N. Y. sion in North America. It is a story that all should read.

A number of pastors and mission- ary executives will tell "How to In- terest Men in Missions." The answers they give are illuminating for they come from experience.

Here is the c*om*men*t of one reader as to the value of THE REVIEW: "We have been delighted with THE REVIEW. Please enter our subscrip- tion sufficiently in advance so that we will not miss any of the issues. We do not care to be without the mag- azine. It is a source of spiritual power and inspiration to us."

MRS. HOWARD THOMAS, American Presbyterian Mission, Kiulung- kiang, Yunnan, China.

[561 ]

~ C!Cbristian C!Cbristmas :!fMessage

FROM JAPAN TO CHINA* DEAR BROTHERS AND SISTERS: I ask your pardon for my nation. Because of what. we are doing, I cannot preach in the Name of Christ. … I ask your attention to this fact; however, that even in Japan the majority of the Japanese people were against sending any troops to China. We Christians were bit- terly opposed to it. Therefore pardon us, pardon me especially, because our Christian forces were not strong enough to get the victory over the militarists. But the day will come when we shall be strong enough to do so, and when both nations will be harmonious and peaceful in the Name of Christ. . . . We Japanese love China. Where the city of Kyoto stands today there was in former times a colony of Chinese farmers. Because they had the highest culture then known, the Japanese Imperial Household moved to that district. As the city of Kyoto grew up, eighty per cent of its noble families came to be of Chinese descent. Among the immigrant strains in Japan, from the Southern Seas, from Korea, from Siberia, from Mongolia, the one which has contributed the dominant factor to Japanese civilization is from China. Therefore we who know the facts love China. But unless we, in both Japan and China, become more Christian, we shall never have per- manent peace. . . . Sometimes we are very selfish and even some Christians do not see the need of praying. . . . When you are contented, and have no holy ambition to build up the nation, you may have no desire to pray. . . . Oppressed by wars, oppressed by capitalism, op- pressed by the injustice of the present economic social system-can we ignore the needs of men? If we are contented with the sort of world we have at present, there is no use of praying to God. But if we want real peace, and real humanity, real Godliness, there are many problems for the solution of which we must pray. We must pray for each of the nations, for Africa, for India, and for China and Japan. We must pray for world peace, for the uplifting of the poor, for the desert to be made green, for the New Age, for the New Society. We must pray for science to be controlled by conscience. . . .

If you pray, world peace will be realized; the poor will be emancipated. Abraham Lin- coln prayed through the night before he wrote his Emancipation Proclamation. I believe it was because he prayed that the four millions of poor slaves were emancipated.

Unless Christ is glorified in the Orient, the fate of our continent will be very dismal. Un- less we believe in Christ, and deepen our spiritual life with Christian idealism, peace will never come…. Stanley Jones, in his small pamphlet entitled "Christ on the Andes Road,"

tells of how war had long prevailed between Argentine and Chile. After many years a reconcili- ation was suggested, and they came to the conclusion that they must have peace through Christ.

On the top of the mountain range between the two countries a great statue was erected of the Saviour, Christ, stretching out His arms, on the one side blessing Argentine, and on the other side blessing Chile. May the Prince of Peace come thus in the Orient, and bless China on the one hand and Japan on the other! TOYOHIKO KAGAWA.

• From Friends oj Jesus (December. 1931) .

.. IIl~~!IJI!IJI!i!i~~!IJI!i!lJl!i!i!i!i!i:IIl!i»a!i!i~!i!lJl!i!lJli; [562 ] REVIB ORLD VOLUME LXI AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 12 DECEMBER, 1938 Topics of the Times REAL CHRISTMAS GIFTS FOR 1938 moting international peace and a cessation from the building of a great army and air force. The widespread spirit of Christmas giving throughout the world is evidenced by the general Suppose that in Spain, Loyalists and Revoluobservance of Christmas even among the non- tionists should extend to each other the right hand Christians-in music, festivals, cards and the too- of brotherhood and should give themselves to the often formal exchange of gifts. How much of this work of promoting righteousness, brotherly love, activity is truly motivated and directed by the and the rebuilding of their national life on a firm Spirit of Christ? Christians acknowledge that basis. Italy might celebrate their Christmas by giving Ethiopia her freedom and her own people every good gift comes from God – our physical a release from fear. Mexico's gift might be not and mental powers, spiritual things – and are only a square deal for the peons and for the available even though we neglect, reject, despise Church but the right to teach Christianity and a or misuse them. The best gifts are those that no just settlement of questions involved in the conmoney can buy, and that enrich the recipient while fiscation of property.

they do not impoverish the giver. What about England and America? Could not With Himself, Jesus Christ gave the world His Great Britain make a better Christmas gift than love, peace and joy, the forgiveness of sin and 5,000 new bombing airplanes? How would the Life Eternal. Spirit of Christ best be shown in the settlement of Was there ever a time in history when these the Irish question, the problem of Palestine, Homegifts were more needed than today? How much rule in India and in the matter of German colit would mean if they were everywhere received onies? In America the Christmas spirit is not and shared? How infinitely better these would be shown in the increase of armaments and of taxes. than the gift of greater material prosperity for There is abundant opportunity to celebrate in a which men are striving so eagerly – better even settlement of labor difficulties and by giving unthan new laws, than new labor-saving inventions, selfish, efficient government to the nation, states higher wages. or shorter hours of work! and cities. Christ-like Christmas gifts would in- What a difference it would make in the world clude the general observance of laws and customs today if the true Spirit of Christ were manifested that promote purity in the home and personal life ; this year among all nations in the observance of sincerity in the worship of God; brotherly treat- Christmas. Imagine the effect if Japan, moved ment of Negroes, Mexicans and Orientals. Amer- by this Spirit, should give peace to China and true ica might celebrate in a Christ-like way by using religious liberty to the Koreans.. Suppose that her wealth to meet the crying needs of others Soviet Russia should celebrate Christmas by giv- around the world. Would not this be a different world if the love of Christ and a knowledge of ing the right to teach youth to know and worship His Way of Life should direct the Christmas cele- God, freedom to political prisoners and freedom bration of all nations in 1938 and in the years to of the press and speech! What if Germany gave civil rights and freedom from persecution to her come?

Jewish population, freedom from religious and We may not be able to control the giving of the political oppression to pastor Niemoller and other nations, but what about ourselves? As individuals Christians, friendly cooperation to Europe in pro- how can we best show our sense of indebtedness [563 ]

to Christ; how can we truly reveal His Spirit and thousands of Chinese find food, protection and make this a joyful Christmas, effectively carrying loving sympathy.

forward the work that He came to do-in our own Z. Should missionaries leave their stations to lives, in our home circle, in our nation and in the follow the fleeing Chinese so as to continue or world, to make this a truly joyful Christmas? establish work among them in new centers where little has been done? This course has been fol- MISSIONARY PROBLEMS IN CHINA lowed in the case of faculties of many schools and With the Japanese war-machine pressing on- colleges which have been closed by the Japanese ward in the west and south of China, the Christian advance. The Nanking University work has been missionaries as well as the Chinese find themselves moved to Chengtu in Szechuan; the faculties of in a difficult position. Driving onward up the Soochow College and Schools have been moved to Yangtse River the Japanese have captured Han- Shanghai and elsewhere ; much of the Bethel Miskow, Wuchang and Hanyang where over one hun"- sion of Shanghai has been transferred to Hongdred and fifty American and British missionaries kong or Kowloon, since their property has been have been working under the London Missionary occupied by the Japanese. Foochow College stu- Society, China Inland Mission and the American dents have been moved to a less dangerous. location Protestant Episcopal Church and twenty other further inland, since the Japanese seem to plan missions. In this Wu-Han district are located hos- the destruction of educated Chinese. Thus the pitals, colleges and schools and churches that Christians have sought to conserve their resources mean much for the development of China. Al- and to carryon their work with as· little loss of ready many of the institutions have been moved life and with as much efficiency as possible. westward to Chentu and southward to Hongkong but, with the modern airplane in the hands of a 3. In cases of Japanese occupation and dominaruthless but skilful enemy, no people or place, tion in larger or smaller areas in China, should however remote or peaceful, is exempt from the missionaries remain at their posts as neutrals and devastation wrought by these engines of destruc- serve all within reach-whether Chinese or J aption. The Chinese armies, in spite of intense suf- anese-even cooperating with Japanese for confering and against heavy odds, are still fighting structive work? This view is held by some who courageously to defend themselves and their coun- believe that missionaries are supra-national. Most try from this invasion but the immediate outcome of the missionaries, however, believe that, while is impossibl~ to predict. The Christian mission- they are ready to minister in the Spirit of Christ aries are proving their sacrificial courage, their to all within reach, their first responsibility is to real love for the Chinese and their resourcefulness the Chinese to whom they have gone as ambassain this time of danger. Without their help the dors of Christ. They believe that the Chinese are situation of the Chinese in the war areas would the victims of an unprovoked attack, and realize be infinitely worse; more and more the Chinese that there are still many millions of the people realize this. But the problems of the missionaries who have never yet even heard the Gospel and are many and do not decrease as the war advances. there are many thousands of towns and villages Questions are raised: still without any representative of Christ. They have seen the nobility and faithfulness of Chinese 1. When war threatens their ve'ry existence Christians and believe that this time of fellowship should missionaries close their work and move with them in suffering is opening many Chinese elsewhere to carry on? Some few "neutrals" ad- hearts to Christ and His message of life as never vise this in order to avoid international complica- before. tions. But the missionaries as a whole reject this suggestion as desertion of their posts. and their Christians and the Christian Church have never flocks. While women with children, who could not been exempt from suffering; but history has be of help under war conditions, have been evac- proved, times without number, that the very uated from many stations, the vast number of "gates of hell shall not prevail" against those who missionaries remain at their posts and risk their are loyal to Christ and His program. Victory and deliverance is assured since Christ is the Victor.

lives to serve the Chinese. In one mission seventy THE DILEMMA OF KOREAN CHRISTIANS out of seventy-one stations are still kept open and missionaries continue to serve as ambassadors of Reports from Chosen show the determination Christ and helpers in time of need. Many schools of Japanese officials to compel Korean attendance and colleges are necessarily closed, or have moved at Shinto shrines. At first this order was enforced elsewhere, because of danger to pupils and the only in certain centers and in government schools.

occupation of property by the Japanese soldiers; It was then extended to all Christian colleges and but the hospitals and churches are kept open and schools and now is being enforced for theological mission compounds are used as refuges where seminaries and Bible school students(and teachers.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

Churches and other institutions are included in gods or to follow the superstitious rites propithe order to set up shrines or to bow before the tiating spirits in Africa and the islands of the sea. Emperor's picture. A refusal on conscientious grounds means rough treatment, imprisonment The situation in Korea is serious. In Formosa and other forms of persecution. the Shinto shrine rule has already been enforced. Apparently "Cresar" has won for the time being The Japanese officials are evidently determined and Christian schools that did not comply have to break down all opposition and are endeavoring been closed. There is danger that the Japanese to create a totalitarian Japanese Empire with ab- will endeavor to enforce the same regulations in solute and unquestioning obedience to every order Manchukuo and in occupied territory in China. of the Government. They recognize no God or Harmony is possible between national loyalty and law of God as of greater authority than the laws loyalty to God but there can be no truce between of the Empire, represented by their "divine" Em- the Japanese conception of Emperor worship and peror. While some officials declare that obeisance the Christian obligation to put God first in every at the shrines of the "Sun Goddess" is merely a phase of life. patriotic observance, they have refused to make any compromise in the ceremony such as will con- WILL MADRAS MEET THE OPPORTUNITY? vince Korean Christians that they can take part in the observance without disloyalty to God as the There is unquestionably a crisis in missions toonly object of worship. day. The conference at Madras, composed of selected delegates from mission churches 'and A crisis came in Chosen at the time of the meet- from American and European missionary leading of the Korean Presbyterian General Assembly ers, will be called upon to face that crisis. They on September 10th. The Japanese police ordered will consider, not so much the lack of missionary every delegate not to oppose going to Shinto candidates and missionary support from the shrines and many who refused were prevented sending churches, as the problems on the fieldfrom attending the Assembly. Missionaries were the promotion of self-support; their independence; asked to sign a statement that they would comply their union or inter-church cooperation in each with the order to advise their people to attend the area; the adequate training of native Christian shrines. They refused; if they attempted to speak leaders; the development of spiritual life in the on the subject at the General Assembly they were churches and homes; the place of education in forcibly prevented by the police who crowded the missions today; but, most of all, there must be an meeting place and sat on the platform. When the earnest study of the promotion of spiritual life, question was put-advising all to attend the of faith and Christlike service in each church and shrines-very few of the delegates responded; the group. Madras must look earnestly and fearlessly negative was not put to vote and some protested. at these problems and must prayerfully and hon- As a result several missionaries have felt it neces- estly seek God's guidance and power for their sary for them to withdraw from the General As- solution. Some present-day problems that form sembly and a committee has been appointed to the crisis seem to us to be as follows: appeal to Tokyo. Should secular education under mission con- The Japanese have also ordered that steps be trol be curtailed in many fields so as to release taken to alter the character and powers of the workers and money for direct evangelistic work. General Assembly, making the Moderator a "legal The church leaders must face this matter couraperson" with authority to act for the whole geously or they may be forced out of this field Church; there are signs that the Korean Church by governments that wish to control education. may be compelled to unite in one organization with the Church in Japan. Some new plan should be formulated whereby churches and institutions in the field will ex- Loyal Korean Christians are suffering in many ercise a greater degree of self-government, and at ways-in prison and out. They offer no objection the same time receive substantial support from to showing loyalty to the Japanese Emperor, to abroad, when they show that they will use it efthe Government and obedience to all righteous fectively. That problem of support must be faced laws; but multitudes take the stand that they and solved. choose persecution and death rather than be disloyal to God. It is' practically the old question More attention must be given to the developraised in Israel by the worship of Baal, in the ment of spirit-filled and intelligent Bible-trained Roman Empire by the order to worship Roman Christian workers in every church and in each gods and in every mission field in recent years field. The means must be found for the increase where Christians have faced persecution because and improvement in such training by schools, they have determined to worship God as revealed institutes and conferences. in Christ rather than acknowledge the prior claims of Mohammec or Buddha, the Hindu or Chinese Union mission enterprises are facing a crisis. If they are to continue they need to be placed on

a firmer spiritual basis, with clearer agreement FIFTY YEARS IN ARABIA as to aims and teachings, and as to the spiritual power, personnel and methods on which their Arabia, the great western Asia peninsula, is abiding success depends. about one third the size of the United States, and with a scattered population of possibly 10,000,000 A new study should be made as to the type of -chiefly nomadic tribes of Arabs, most of them missionary that is needed in order to cooperate hunters, traders and fishermen. There was no harmoniously with the leaders of the native Christian work among them, until in 1886 a churches, to help train spiritual workers, and to young man, Hon. Ion Keith-Falconer, went out do abiding, effective Christlike service. from England and settled in the small British out- post of Aden in southern Arabia. The Arabians How can the churches, and Christian groups in were scarcely touched by the Gospel Message. each field, conserve the essentials of the Christian Then two young Americans had a vision of the message? This includes the eternal, spiritual Neglected Peninsula. James Cantine and Samuel character of God, the Father; the revelation and M. Zwemer – college and seminary graduates, salvation provided in Christ, the Son of God; the connected with the Reformed Church-heard the guidance and power of the Spirit of God; the in- call of God and volunteered to go out as mission- tegrity and authority of the Bible as the Word of aries to these fanatical Moslems, without any God; the essential unity of Christians and their guarantee of Mission Board support. Peter work as witnesses of the redemption brought Zwemer joined them two years later but died in through Christ and His manifestation of the love 1898; the" other two continued the work. They established mission stations on the Persian Gulf, of God. traveled widely over the peninSUla and faced and How, at the same time, can the churches and survived opposition and many dangers. They are now "honorably retired" but still are active in Christians in each field contribute most to the America in behalf of Moslems the world over. promotion of God's control over human life– national, physical, economical, social, mental and After some years the Reformed Church in spiritual; and how can each country be free to America adopted the mission and has since spon- develop its own type of Christlike life and service sored its activities'. Their plans for the jubilee under the leadership of the Holy Spirit, without celebration includes an interesting history of the imitating American and European institutions? fifty years ("The Golden Milestone") prepared by Drs. Cantine and Zwemer; a tour has already But most of all, and affecting all, is the problem been taken among the churches; one secretary, of how the spiritual life of churches, families and Dr. F. M. Potter, has gone out to visit the field; individuals can be promoted most effectively so all Reformed Church congregations are to hold as to carry out the teachings and spirit of Jesus anniversary services on February 26, 1939; a Christ. thanksgiving offering is to be taken and used to strengthen the work; a church-wide study of Here is a large program for the four hundred Arabia is to be undertaken to inform Christians delegates during their two weeks' conference at at home as to the needs and progress of the Madras. The problems are different in Africa, Arabian enterprise. Here is a notable jubilee, Turkey, Iran, Latin America, China, India and worthy of joyful and sacrificial celebration. Japan. But the same principles underly them all and the same Spirit of God must show their solu- God's guiding and governing hand has been tion. China is sending a strong delegation to the clearly evident in the lives of the missionaries and conference but Japan can send very few; India in the development of the work. The evidences of will be well represented but many other fields this are clearly set forth in the history of the Mis- must depend on a small number of native leaders. sion prepared by the founders. Closed doors have America is sending about fifty and Europe (in- been opened, hostile sheikhs have become friendly; cluding Great Britain) as many more. One weak- invitations to visit new districts have been ex- ness will be in the absence of representatives of tended, even by the king, Ibn Saud himself; the independent, nondenominational missions like the interior and the coast have been explored; schools China Inland Mission, Christian and Missionary and hospitals have been established; tons of Alliance, Sudan Interior Mission and other "Faith Bibles and other Christian literature have been Missions." They represent a type of work and distributed; men, women and children have been . missionary ideal that should not be overlooked. won to Christ. Many of the stories of "Arabian Days Evangelism" are as thrilling as those of the It is a time for 'Christians at home to pray for "Arabian Nights Entertainment"; in addition the delegates at Madras and to prepare for the these missionary stories are true and stimUlating messages and the messengers who will be com- to Christian faith. ing back to report and to stir spiritual fires in America and Europe. Was there ever a greater need for a world-wide revival under the banner of Christ?

"What a Time to Be in China!"

By the REV. COURTENAY H. FENN, D.D. I ~. – I For Thirty-four Years a Missionary in China ,~==========================~ T HIS caption, from a missionary's letter* gives prehension has caused this experience to become graphic expression to the diametrically op- the time of unprecedented opportunity for the posite attitudes of two groups of people-an missionary and the time of unparalleled success attitude of repulsion and an attitude of exultation. for the Gospel.

In these days the most frequent salutation of a In view of this fact, what are the perils of war furloughed or retired China missionary from his and the hardships of seeing and ministering to acquaintances in America is: "Aren't you glad limitless suffering? Not only does the missionyou're not in China now?" With the current ary ask for no exemption from the sorrows of the newspaper and radio pictures of "bombs bursting people, but from the beginning has refused to in air" and in much more deadly proximity to accept such exemption when offered him. In so human lives and habitations, and with the maga- doing he has not merely won the hearts of the zines venturing at last to print eye-witness ac- suffering people, but also such grateful acclaim counts of the frightfully barbarous massacres and from the Chinese leaders that hitherto closed burnings and rapings perpetrated by a scientifi- doors have been thrown open to him and the limically equipped and demon-inspired invading horde, tations of liberty to give religious instruction in there are millions of our people, in the Church as the schools have been removed. The thanks of well as out of it, who cannot conceive of any the nation have been proclaimed by those highest other rational answer to the question than, "In- in authority and there has been a spontaneous outdeed I am glad!" Yet, mirabile dictu, the reply burst of appreciation of the sacrificial love, like from the missionary is, "No; I am distinctly that of the Saviour, of whose commission these sorry to be compelled to be out of China at this friends from the West have not been ashamed.

time, and only wish I might go back." And many Those who have kept closely in touch with the are going back, most of them invigorated for a events in China since JUly of 1937 have been better service at the end of a regular furlough, deeply impressed with the facts and the implicabut not a few volunteering to abbreviate the nor- tions of a widespread movement, which has been mal furlough in order to rejoin their mission asso- the inevitable consequence of the way in which ciates in the most strenuous, yet most interesting the war has been carried on. Its significance may and rewarding, ministry that China missionaries extend far beyond anything in the thought of have ever seen. Though God, in His wisdom, has either belligerent, and may achieve as beneficent not yet seen fit to "restrain the excess of wrath" a divine purpose as did the dispersion of the first (except in a marvelous preservation of missionary century Christians by the persecutions in Judea. lives), He has, to an almost unbelievable degree, Preceded by terror, accompanied by death .and "caused the wrath of men to praise Him." destruction, and followed by sanguinary "mop- ping-up," the invading armies have scattered the The first impressions of the savagery of the surviving Chinese civilian population in precipi- "undeclared war" were of frightfully wasting de- tate flight, carrying what little was left to them struction and of imminent peril to all missionary in a desperate trek over hundreds of miles of as well as humane interests. There has been no roads and rivers and wastes, as far as possible decrease in the savagery in spite of the protests from the devastating s.courge which had destroyed of a horrified and outraged world, no lessening of their property and taken the lives of countless the destruction and the threats; but, as the relatives, friends and neighbors. months have gone by, "the Form of the Fourth,"

like unto the Son of Man, has appeared in the There has been no respect of persons in this midst of the fire, with the Chinese Church, the hounding of the masses in flight. Men of wealth home Church and the mission, walking triumphant have been reduced to beggary; men of native and through the flames. A Power beyond human com- foreign education have been compelled to straggle • In the September number of The Ohinese Recorder, reprinted in a along the roads with the most ignorant and unlet- AFwmrerEicaas.tern Bulletin of the Foreign Missions Conference of North tered·, all alike have been kept from starving only [567 ]

by the kindness of those as yet undisturbed in a city and town and village to which the invading their homes by the oncoming storm, or through troops may never come. In cities like Shanghai the merciful provision by the Government or by and Nanking, laid waste from the air, the water the Christian Church, of refuges for the desolate. and the land, the hundreds of thousands of home- Entire schools and colleges, whose administration less, hopeless, wounded and sick, have made diffi- has been rendered impossible, or whose buildings cult the task of ministering even to the most acute have been bombed or occupied by the invaders, needs and this work has taxed the strength and have moved to distant provinces in the far in- the resources of Chinese and foreigners alike. In terior, or have combined with others in interna- the northern cities, now for months behind the tional settlements. Much of the culture of the lines of the invaders, tens of thousands have lost coastal provinces and of the great cities has thus all their possessions and must be helped; even in been transplanted to regions formerly considered Peking, which, through early surrender, suffered backward or unenlightened. It has been estimated less destruction than any other captured city, that at least thirty million people have been ren- refugees flee from the rural districts where dered homeless, unsettled from former founda- brigands prowl, as the invader controls little be- tions. And it is a most interesting fact that, from yond the city and the railroads, and soldiers work the beginning of the consequent migration, wise their nefarious wills on the peasantry.

men in the Government and in education foresaw Christians in the Crisis something of its extent and potential meaning and made far-reaching plans for turning the agony So practically throughout China there is des- and the evil to good purpose. Not only has the perate need of material help; and the loving min- Government opened many refuges for the mi- istration to that need, by missionaries and Chris- grants, but it has opened schools in many of these tian Chinese, has aroused hundreds of thousands places and has assisted the homeless wanderers of the suffering people to ask, "Why do these with food and clothing and means of transporta- Christians devote themselves to our relief, wash tion. In the remote west and southwest, where our sores, heal our wounds, feed our bodies and there have been few roads and no railways, mil- instruct our minds? They must surely have some- lions of men have been set to work to construct thing in their hearts which we do not have: what modern roads, while millions more are being is it? They say that they have learned it from trained for various industries, the machinery for Jesus Christ whose followers they are; from the which was early transported from Central and merciful Saviour who, they say, laid down His East China cities. The population of these west- life for us as well as for them." Thus the Gospel ern provinces having been greatly increased, in has found an entrance into many sorely burdened some cases doubled, by the migration from other and bewildered hearts; facilities have been pro- parts of the country, every effort is made to train vided, in Mission compounds. and elsewhere, for the newcomers for self-support through the de- study of the Christian truth and life, and multi- velopment of provincial resources and in the large tudes are being brought into the Kingdom of our variety of new construction called for by their Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ.

presence and by national rehabilitation schemes. As one looks back a little more than a year to Model counties are being organized; model towns, the discussion by the Mission Boards as to the villages and farms are laid out and operated. Mu- reply which should be made to the urgent advice tual helpfulness is being cultivated as an essentiftl of their Governments, and the general, popular concomitant of the new patriotism which has been clamor that the missionaries should all escape the so greatly stimulated by the foreign invasion. peril and simplify the international situation by Spiritual Influences leaving China at once, one does not like to think what vastly different conditions would now exist What is true of educational and industrial cul- in China if those counsels had prevailed and if ture is also emphatically true of spiritual develop- China and her Christians had been left to them- ment. As the Christians of the more fully evan- selves. An unequalled opportunity would have gelized provinces, driven from their homes, have been lost irrevocably to show the love of God in migrated to Kwangsi, Kweichow, Yunnan and Christ to that people, and to win their hearts to Szechuan, where new centers of evangelization Him. So thrilling has been the success of the .

and education are opening, people who had "sat policy of withdrawing only the physically feeble in darkness" are seeing for the first time "a great and of reinforcing the strong, that, from the light." The vast migration of refugees has nat- Chinese Church, from officials, and from the mis- urally necessitated the opening of refuges, tem- sions on the field, has come not only a chorus of porary or permanent, far from the actual war thanksgiving but also a united and importunate areas, for the indiscriminate bombing of civilian call for more missionaries to meet the need and populations has precipitated the flight from many capture the present opportunity. How else could

the Church and the nation hope to minister to have risen most sympathetically to the need and thirty million refugees, among whom are hun- met the opportunity most effectively. Not only dreds of thousands of war orphans? Never be- have many buildings been made available as fore were Chinese hearts and minds so sensitive refuges, but camps. have been set up in many to the redeeming touch of self-denying love, mani- places as "resting places for weary wanderers" in fested in the sharing of suffering and the planning their almost endless treks in search of new, homes.

for better days. It is the general testimony that, Wherever possible, industries have been started in through this deliberately and prayerfully chosen these refuges, both to prevent demoralizing idle- glad sharing, "the prestige of the Church and hos- ness and to fit the migrants for self-support in pital has never stood so high as it stands today" ; their new abodes. Incidentally and Providen- the infinite love of God for mankind has shone tially, among the refugees are hundreds of skilled radiant as the one glorious hope of the world, and artisans. teachers, evangelists, homeless wander- is no longer thought of merely as an item in a ers like the rest. They are drifting to Hunan, and doctrinal system from the West. The loyalty and other regions, "for such a time as this," a time courage of the missionaries, who have "stood by" when the harvest is so unusually great and ripe the people of a strange land through the most and the laborers are so pitifully few, that they acute and devastating sufferings ever inflicted by have found fullest use for their talents and ener- one nation upon another, will never be forgotten. gies. Again, in strangest wise, God has "thrust Civilians and Soldiers forth laborers into His harvest." Most appro- priately has the Hunan Presbyterian Mission en- Christian ministry to civilians in or near their titled its Annual Report, "The War-cloud's Silver own homes has been but a part of the great work Lining," as it sets forth "the calibre of these of deliverance, protection and supply; an exten- guests" from war-torn regions, "trained workers,"

sive organization has been created to help the pen- "whole schools," "hospitals with equipment, niless migrants along the way to their remote des- nurses and doctors," "scientists, engineers, busi- tinations, and none have so inspired confidence ness men, rural experts," undaunted by misfor- and shared burdens as have the Christians. And tune and peril, responsive to need, ready to start great has been the change which has taken place afresh and eager to be useful. The courage of in the mutual relations of Chinese Civilians and many of these migrants is magnificent. A thou- their own soldiery. A few years ago the civilian sand students from three North China colleges, felt no greater dread than that for the Chinese having located temporarily at Changsha, a little soldier, who seemed ready to do almost anything later started out, men and women, to walk the but protect him. Now soldier and civilian are eight hundred miles to Kunming, capital of Yun- united for the defense of the nation, and the nan, to locate their University there.

civilian, realizing that the soldier is ready to suffer Cooperating Agencies wounds and to lay down his life for his country, is responding by doing all in his power to relieve The International Red Cross has furnished the wounded soldier on the field and in transit. much equipment and supplies, with expert direc- And so, by the combined activity of Chinese and tion, to the relief measures, as has also the Inter- foreigners, an elaborate organization for first-aid, national Famine Relief Commission. The League transportation and hospitalization has been cre- of Nations Epidemic Prevention Commission, ated, very inadequate of course in view of the with its groups. of health officers and specialists, limited number of doctors and nurses and the in- in three sections of China, is fighting to prevent sufficiency of supplies and funds, yet saving thou- smallpox, cholera, typhoid and malaria. Young sands of lives and relieving untold suffering. Mis- people are being trained to give first-aid and gen- sion hospitals have been crowded to the doors, and eral medical assistance. Many church services to the floors, as these torn remnants of brave and are crowded with interested newcomers. Chris- patriotic humanity have been carried in from the tian Fellowships are being organized. Student fields and the roads of that horror-filled land, skil- Centers are being opened, for entertainment, for fully patched-up for life, or eased for inevitable varied instruction, and for travelers' aid. Mr.

death with the Gospel message of eternal life in Stanton Lautenschlager, of Cheeloo University, Christ. Many university students have also lent has spent some months in presenting a challenging a hand in humble service in the laundries and message, personal and social, to the students of dressing-stations. Hunan, hundreds of whom have responded with a Few if any of the other provinces have seen as determination to follow Christ. He reports un- much of the migrants as Hunan, as through that precedented student interest in the things of the province pass. many of the natural ways from the Spirit.

east to the west, from the north to the south; and As the writer of the Hunan Report says, "One the Christians of Hunan, Chinese and foreign, of the most beautiful flashes of silver in this

struggle is the attitude of the Christians toward pressure of disinterested kindness, the barriers their enemies." Though more whole-heartedly of racial and national fear and dislike completely patriotic and resolved to win than ever before, thrown down by the courageous, self-forgetful "there is no bitterness or hatred against the in- ministry of a Godlike love, bestowed in the name vaders." Even the missionaries "have marvelled of Christ by men and women come from the other at the Chinese Christians' lack of resentment and side of the world, to live, and if need be to die, freedom from hatred. To listen to their prayers for China. And a multitude of the like-minded for China and for Japan is like standing on holy in the home lands, to whom is denied this privilege ground." This witness regarding Hunan is of personal ministry to such a need, are exulting echoed from all parts of bruised and bleeding in being there in spirit as they avail themselves China. Has the world ever seen its equal in any of one or another of the agencies, which have other land? sprung into life or added this function to others- the International Red Cross, the Committee on the "What a time to be in China!" Truly it is no Far East of the Foreign Missions Conference of time to be there for those whose chief delight is North America, the Church Committee for China in personal ease and comfort, whose slogan is Relief, the China Information Service, China "Safety First"; who cannot bear the sight of Famine Relief, or any of the Mission Boards blood or the smell of sweat, who think the lives of working in China – to give out of their relative a hundred Chinese of less value than the life of abundance for the maintenance of the missionone American; who have no sympathy with the aries and their manifold ministries to China's apspirit which impelled the Son of God to become palling need. "What a time to be in China" inflesh and dwell among us that He might redeem deed, in person or by the proxy of self-denying the world, or with the spirit of the Apostle Paul gifts loyally continued as long as the need of that whose joy was to "become all things to all men fearfully harassed and patiently enduring people that he might by all means save some." But the continues. Is it not, for every Christian and every able-bodied missionaries who are there exult in the unselfish humanitarian, a God-given privilege, as privilege which has been given them of minister- well as a duty, "to be in China" at this time? ing to the world's greatest need, and of watching the shell of indifference break under the steady A LETTER FROM OHINA By DONALD FRASER OF CHANGTE, HONAN: Following complete breakdown of negotiations with the former bitter persecutors of the Church, should have been the active force that liberated our people. It is a marked bandits after their request for $100,000.00 for ransom, contrast to other forces around us. No ransom was given and no conditions asked. things began to happen elsewhere. Kuo Ch'ing, the bandit The fortitude and spirit of the captive young women leader, crossed the Chang River; was surrounded by the under the most trying circumstances is a thrilling story. One of them, a young teacher, said: "I was born in a 8th Route Army, wounded, defeated, his home burned and Christian home but before the raid I cared little for Christianity. This time I have had a wonderful experience many of his followers scattered. He was rescued by of God. Now I want to work for Jesus."

bandit chief supreme, Wang Chih Ch'uan, and fled south. There was joy and thrill in her voice, a changed young woman. There is a glow in the witness of many of them. The 8th Route Army declared that all banditry must cease. When carrying them away the bandits sneered: "So you thought your church could protect you. See, we will look Kou Ch'ing was cornered but slipped through the net. after you."

Wild rumors said that he was going west to Shansi with One seventeen-year-old lassie they tortured cruelly, ask- ing, "Do you still believe?" twenty-three of our Christian people. No ransom, they Gradually she became semi-unconscious but always with would sell the girls! That blackest night our minds were the reply~ "I believe" and the prayer, "Father help me."

filled with unnamed fears. All next day passed and still In sending them back some of the bandit remnants said, "Your prayers have moved Heaven." no word. At 5 p. m. a breathless messenger arrived. Others .said: "You're different; could we come and "Freed," he shouted; "nineteen girls and four men are learn your doctrine?"

coming home." Fly wheels, fly! Our bikes tore up the dust Surely a mighty triumph of good over evil. We are more one with our Chinese friends here than ever before. as we raced out to meet them. Tired and dirty, after Adversity has schooled us all. God has sent the 8th Route Army to check this dastardly scourge that has terrorized three weeks with no washing facilities and only the scanty and bled the country to death for the last ten months. There is great rejoicing over wide areas in the order, reclothes on their backs grabbed out of sleep when they were spect for life and security that is following in the wake of this cleansing, restoring force. After ten months of hell carried away, they were home, alive and smiling and all the relief is tremendous.

well, except for three with malaria and others with blisters from enforced marches. .

The other fourteen had disappeared. The whole country was chaotic. Travel was very dangerous but our men, especially Liu Ch'eng Chang, were tireless in their search.

Monday five came in. But nine young women were still missing. Tuesday 2 a. m., loud knocking on the front gate.

All were back. "Rejoice; a,gain I say rejoice."

The venture was a dead loss financially to the bandits.

Not only that, they were scattered and broken and would have been completely eliminated but for timely aid. It seems strange indeed that the sometimes called reds,

Call of the Dyacks of

By the REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Dutch East Indies Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance A MONG the Dyacks of Borneo, Buddha is them by way of the Barito River, with Banker- .r. named, Mohammed is named, but Christ is masin as a base. Some effort was also commenced on the west coast, entering by way of the Kapoeas not named. He is almost unknown. What River, but the Methodist Episcopal Mission has a great need for Gospel witness, especially in the now entirely withdrawn from Borneo.

interior of these islands.* On the north coast there are, beside the River Burito which empties into the sea at Banjermasin, The three main ports of British North Borneo five or six other rivers which are gateways to the are Sandakan, Kudat, and J esselton. The mis- interior. At none of these points has missionary sionaries of the Society for the Propagation of the work been attempted. Gospel are laboring here; the Basil Mission has independent self-supporting Chinese churches, Balik-papan is a city of about 21,500 people. and also the Roman Catholics. Work has been The district, of which it is one of the centers, has commenced among the Dyacks, the aboriginal tribes of the interior of British North Borneo. a population of about 200,000.t The city contains The Chinese are largely of the Hakka race and three-fourths of the Chinese inhabitants of Kudat a great mixture of races: Malay, Javanese, Boe- gis, Chinese, Indians, Arabs and also a sprinkling are church members. of Dyacks from the interior. As I walked the In Dutch Borneo there is no Christian mission- streets of this city, I asked: "Is there anyone here who believes on the Lord Jesus Christ?" After ary work carried on on the east coast. The inte- many replies in the negative, I was directed to a rior may be reached from many ports by river. Chinese carpenter's store, and found a Chinese On only one river is there a regular steamship who acknowledged the name of Christian. His line, at Samarinda, but by native craft the mis- face did not look like that of a Christian for his sionary can penetrate the interior and reach "the face was flushed with wine. As ·D. L. Moody once wild men of Borneo." said, "He may have been a Christian but he did not smell like one!" There he was-a lone Chris- The Dyacks, no doubt, originally occupied the tian-in the midst of the darkness of heathendom. entire island but the coming of the Malays, the He had a Bible and prayed sometimes, but could Javanese, Chinese, Indians and Arabs has gradu- not be considered a true witness for the Lord ally pushed the wild men to the interior. The Jesus. Later I met another Chinese who seemed Malays have inter-married somewhat with the to love the Lord but who dared not be baptized aborigines with the result that the Dyacks to this for fear of offending his parents. So far as I extent have been absorbed. It is said that the orig- know, no messenger of Christ has ever lifted up inal pure Dyacks of the interior are decreasing in his voice to preach the Gospel in this place. What population. The Dyacks were originally head- utter darkness! hunters and cannibals, and in some cases may still be such, but the influence of other races has I was anxious to visit Samarinda because it is had the effe~t of subduing and semi.,civilizing at the mouth of the Kutai or Samarinda River and them. On~ qf the original customs '¥f1s that a the main entrance to the interior of Borneo from young man proposing to his bride must have the th~ast coast. Here again 'is another city of darkskull of one whom he himself had slain ere he ness and the same mixture of races. There is a could hope to be accepted. This custom, I am Mohammedan mosque and Chinese temple in told, has nearly died out. Samarinda. There are houses of prostitution and gambling halls on all sides, in full swing. But no There are many different language groups Gospel chapel. I met some Chinese Christians who had been baptized in China, but who seemed among the Dyacks and most of them have Xlever been reached with the Gospel message. From the south coast some effort is being made to reach • I visited Sandakan, on the northeast coast of British BOI:neo; t Balik-papan is the great oil field of the Dutch Indies. The Ballk-papan on the east coast of Dutch Borneo; Samarinda ; Donggala ; Pare-pare and Makassar, the capital of the Celebes; installation of the Batavia Petroleum Company, the Royal Dutch Siagaradja, a port on the Island of Bali; SurabaYa on the northern Shell Petroleum Company, a branch of the Asiatic Petroleum Co., coast of Java, the largest commercial center of the Dutch Indies; is the largest oil Installation in the Far East. All the all con- sumed throughout the Far East comes from the Balik-papan wells. Bangdang and Batavia, the capital of the Dutch Indies, [571 ]

to have backslidden. In one store where I was tion is located in the port cities. The entire east telling the people about the Lord Jesus Christ, coast is without missionary work, and the Methone said in a loud voice, "God only blows the wind odist Episcopal Mission has evacuated the west on us to make us catch a cold." coast. The entire south coast is also unoccupied with the exception of Banjermasin and the work Four other rivers farther north are also gate- done by the Basil Mission and the Dutch State ways to the interior. The Kutai is navigable by Church up the Barito River. small steamer for ten days as far as Long-Iram, and by native craft for many days farther up. Dr. Slotemaker de Bruine, the missionary con- The Roman Catholic Church has a mission three sul of the Dutch missions encouraged us to occudays inland from Long-Iram at Lahan, where py some of the unoccupied areas of the Dutch priests and nuns are teaching the people farm- East Indies. We recommend the following fields ing, trades, and so forth. All the other rivers where no work is being done: from the east coast, save the Kutai, are, I fear, only navigable by native craft. A Dutch official 1. The entire east coast of Borneo, with Samarinda and traveled up one of these rivers, ascending terrible other places as centers. and dangerous rapids for seventy-five days, and came down the river, covering the same distance, 2. The west coast, with Pontianak and other places as in ten days. While I was trying to tell them of centers. The object would be to reach "the wild men of His love and of the sacrifice for our sins on the Borneo," the Dyack race of the interior. cross, and feeling the opposition very strong, an elderly Chinese lady came from the rear of the 3. The Boegis people on the coast of the Celebes, and store and said: "I once neard of Jesus when I the wild races of the interior, with Makassar as a center. was in China. I don't know much about it, but I know this-Jesus is good, Jesus is good." She 4. The whole southwestern coast of Sumatra. repeated this several times. I left Gospel tracts 5. A large number of smaller islands in the East Indies at many stores in Samarinda. where no Gospel witness has yet been given.

The population of Dutch Bornea is about 1,800,- If the Gospel does not soon enter these fields, 000. Perhaps one half or more of this popula- the influence of Mohammedanism~ which is spread- ing rapidly, will soon be such as to form a most effective barrier to the progress of Christianity. The fact that Mohammedanism is rapidly displac- ing paganism makes the evangelization of these fields urgent.

A Missionary Is Converted By EDITH FUESS HENRY, Shanghai American School, Shanghai, China I T IS homecoming for a missionary! She pauses of overwhelming facts around which sat commit- outside the compound wall to pound the door; tees, numb and dumb-nor power, nor wisdom, in the wait she turns to look back. The road nor means to cope with such; the paralyzing tales by which she has come has been a long, long road; of sorrow, pain, loss, destruction, poured from the it stretches back over eleven months in life's lips of arrivals fresh from battlefields; the feldeepest depths. In those few moments of time a lowship groups where gripping testimonies from panoramic view of never-to-be-forgotten days tear-stained eyes, quivering lips, and crushed passes before her eyes: days on days, and weeks hearts, yet dauntless spirits, could say, "I am on weeks of the ceasless roar of cannon, the pierc- bent, but not broken." . . . ing whistle of bullets, the deafening whirr of planes, the violent bursting of bombs; the heart- The gate opened! Can this be home! The shatsickening sight of scattered, mangled, bleeding, tered roof; the battered walls; the broken doors; human flesh, shrieking and groaning its prayers the empty rooms; the wild weeds; can this be to heaven; the endless lines of terrorized men, home? The home that twenty years ago in a women, and children madly fighting their way to spirit of love and dedication was built in this land safety zones; the great concentration camps of of China that He might have an abiding place hungry, filthy, frightened human beings waiting from which to reach out arms of loving ministry for the ministry of human hearts and hands; the to needy ones around? Can this be home? scurry, hurry, worry of channeling bean milk to the thousands of starving little ones; the fright- "We must begin and build again; build again ful days and nights in losing battle with epidemics the things that are gone." that stalked with relentless step among the masses, taking their fearful toll of life; the tables A house? Can one live again in the shelter of four walls, when so many thousands know only God's earth for a floor, and His sky for a roof?

A piano? Dare one make melody in his own

DR. IMAD-UD-DIN-A CONVERT FROM ISLAM

chamber when the teeming millions of this land Rugs? Can one with pleasure walk the path of hear only the rhythm of guns and bursting cushioned ways, when he sees the tracks where bombs? bruised feet have trod on rugged stones? . . .

Beds? Were it not better to companion those A stir: the neighbors, the friends, the Oriental who like the Master have not where to lay their crowds are standing by in silent commiseration. heads? "I can not see; I do not know; yet deep within Refrigerator? Why preserve food, unless one the silence of my soul there is peace. Old things can find a way to preserve for mankind love, have passed away; all things are become new. kindness, brotherliness, and peace? And I; am I not new?"

Dr. Imad–ud–din-A Convert from Islam* "BY REVEALING the Word of God I have found enjoyment in life. I rejoice greatly there was no peace in his heart. "Whatever af- in my Lord, and my soul is always making flictions or pain it is in the power of man to enprogress in his grace."-Imad-ud-din. dure, I submitted to them all, and suffered them to the last degree; but nothing became manifest The Moslem community, well organized and to me after all, except that it was all deceit." disciplined, with memories of centuries of conquest and domination, has been very stern in its At this time he was appointed to preach the resistance to foreign influences. And yet there Koran in the large Mosque at Agra with a view to were a number of important conversions among opposing the Christian missionaries and for three them in the first half of the nineteenth century as years he exponded the Moslem commentaries and a result of the earnest and vigorous work carried traditions. It was there he was perplexed most in on by Christian missions in Northern India. Even his faith and the thought of utterly renouncing the men of high social standing gave their hearts to world came into his mind with so much power that Jesus. he could not resist. He became a wandering fakir, going from village to village without plan or bag- Maulvi Imad-ud-din was a lineal descendent of gage. He was honored as a very pious soul but a famous Moslem saint, Gutale Jamal, and a de- none could know the uneasiness in his mind when scendent of the Royal House of Persia, famous as he thought of the Judgment Day.

champions of Islam. He was born in 1822 at Pani- He heard of the conversion of Maulvi Safdar pet, India, the youngest of four brothers. Much Ali at Jubbulpore and this put into his heart a care was bestowed upon him in imparting a thor- new hope so that he began an earnest study of the ough knowledge of Islamic law and religion. He New Testament. As he went on studying, a new studied at the Government College at Agra. This unspeakable joy came into his mind and he found education stirred in him a thirst after the knowl- solace in Jesus Christ. Afterwards he went to edge of the unseen. He visited fakirs and pious Amritsar and received baptism at the age of sixty- Moslems, frequented mosques and homes of maul- four, from Rev. Robert Clark of the Church Misvies, and carried on a vigorous study of many sionary Society. books on Islam. He wrote: "Since my entrance into the grace But he was assailed with doubts and perplex- of our Lord Jesus Christ, I have had great peace ities and his contact with Christians led him to in my soul. The agitation of m~,mind and restdoubt the Islamic injunctions and accepted prac;!- lessness have entirely left me. ETen my health is tices. He had some discussion with Maulvi Abd,ul improved, for my mind is never perplexed now." Hakim who could not convince him so that he once for all gave up the idea of disputation. He He became a zealous preacher of the Gospel began to acquire knowledge by reading night and and wrote many books, vindiCating the way of day, with the idea that time spent in its pursuit Christ to his Islamic brethren. One of these was given to the worship of God. books, called the Tahquiq-ul Iman (the Investiga- tion of the True Faith), was written for the He submitted his body to severe tests, by living maulvies who could not see their way to follow the apart from men, keeping awake at nights and by Crucified Christ. He was ordained in 1866 and various penances. He sat on the graves of holy the Archbishop of Canterbury conferred on him men with the hope that he might receive some the degree of D.D. in 1884. He died at Amritsar revelations from the tombs. But he says that on August 2'8, 1900, at the age of seventy-:eight after seeing his father and brother confess Christ. • Adopted from The National Missionary IntelZigencer of India.

Christian Sadhus and

By W. Q. LASH, Acharya in the Christa Prima Seva Sangha, Poona, India D ECEMBER 18th, 1904, is the date of the from place to place, on foot or by more rapid conversion of Sundar Singh, whose name means of locomotion, and are given opportunities has made the Western Hemisphere famil- in each place according to their reputations. iar with the idea of the Christian sadhu. In his Sadhus of this kind are in the minority. The life own country also he turned the thoughts of In- is full of temptations. It requires. a man of deep dians and others to the possibility of revealing humility and rare spiritual qualities to sustain Christ in ways well suited to the setting of East- them unscathed. Too many lack sufficient selfern life. Sundar Singh was neither the first nor discipline, and do not easily accept discipline from the only one to attempt such a method. He helped without. to bring to light the Secret Sannyassi Mission, which for generations. had hiddenly followed a The lack of any kind of discipline is the greatsimilar path. Dr. Pennell of Bannu and Tucker est weakness and danger of the solitary Sadhu's Booth of the Salvation Army had· made independ- life. In the Panjab, Sundar Singh's own province, ent experiments, and Sundar Singh himself came the problem is especially acute. The executors of into touch with the American follower of St. his will have made some attempt both to organize Francis, Samuel Stokes. Centuries before, in the sadhus already practicing, and to use the South India, Robert Nobile had proved the ef- funds he has left to give some training to those ficacy of presenting Christ and His message in an who feel a calling to this way of life. It was the Eastern garment. ambition of the late Canon Chandu Lal to form an Ashram at Sundar Singh's home in Sabathu, It is, however, a unique place that Sadhu to be a rallying place for the wanderers, and to Sundar Singh holds towards the methods of the help give them spiritual and mental nourishment Christian Sadhu and the Christian Ashram. His and discipline. To do so has not proved easy. influence on both has been indirect rather than Sadhu life tends to exaggerate individualism. Exdirect. In his lifetime he refused to allow a group cept in rare cases, we come to the conclusion that of disciples to gather round him and to train them the sadhu, who is unwilling to be linked with othin the way which he followed so successfully. ers under some kind of control, loses more and Disciples he has had, and even now has, nine more control over himself. In spite of the many years after his disappearance; but they are not attractions of this method of presenting the Gosall 'Sundar Singhs." They create problems for pel this way of life may prove more a liability themselves and for the Church at large, which than an asset to the Church. might have been less, if he had handed on his tradition to a company, trained by himself, and set- The Indian Ashram* is a means through which ting a standard for others. Yet his plea that his- the same inspiration may find expression. During tory has shown that organizations tend to decay the last twenty years or so many experiments after the death of their founders cannot be ig- have taken to themselves the name of "ashram." nored, and perhaps he was wise to found nothing. It is not always easy to discover what they have in common. Each is an attempt to come closer to Sadhu Sundar Singh's life is well known. It is the life of the country and to break down barnow nine years since he vanished into the Tibetan tiers, which have become increasingly serious in hills for the last time. A crop of Christian Sadhus 6ays of growing nationalism. Each has aimed has resulted, amongst them men of high mental also at a greater simplification of modes of living, and spiritual qualities, who have to their credit and a greater emphasis on the importance of much fine work as prophets of the Church. Such prayer in relation to the active side of Christian men are accorded great respect among Indians, ministry. Beyond this it is difficult to select the both Christian and non-Christian. They travel common features. Some Ashrams are only sea- sonal, being hardly other than summer schools of Footnote: The term Ashram denotes both the four normal stages asosmpeecrinaal ktyepme.arArimedonmgetmhebepresrmthaenneunct lseeutstl;emotehnetrss, of a Hindu's life, and the forest or mountain retreat to which the insist on single men or women; others have no Hindu went when the calling came to a life of meditation. In ancient days boys were sent to Ashram for spiritual training. In modern ~:y:h:a~r::::dlr:t~g:.1 and Tagore have added the Ideal of service [574 ] clear policy on this point. Equally diverse are the completed a few years ago what must be the finest environments which have been chosen; some are place of Christian worship in an Indian style of in remote jungles; others in country districts; architecture. It is a magnificent Jebalyam (chapothers in towns. el), with a walled garden surrounding it which is also used for prayer. Its architecture is that of a Three of the earliest Ashrams were permanent Hindu temple of South India. Increasingly, in settlements. In Travancore members of the this Ashram, the vocation to prayer and worship has claimed precedence over all other forms of CHRISTAKULA TIRUPATTUR ASHRAM HALL OF WORSHIP service. From time to time young men and others use the Ashram for periods of retreat or for Orthodox Syrian Church, the oldest Christian courses of training in service. Its influence is Church in India, formed an Ashram under the wide in South India; the membership is undeleadership of their energetic bishop. Two Ash- nominational, but the members adhere strictly to rams in reality were formed, one for men and one the principle of brahmacharya, or celibacy. for women. This was an Indian enterprise, as this Church is entirely Indian. It was an attempt A third experiment was made at about the to bring the ideal of community life into the same time, as the Bethany Ashram in Travancore, Syrian Church, which had already been for cen- when the Christakula Ashram at Tirupattur came turies familiar with the rampan, or solitary monk, into existence. This was the foundation of the but. had not developed the practice of a life of Christa Seva Sangha in the village area of Ahprayer among those living together. The location mednagar, in Mahar~shtra. During its early of the Ashrams was a beautiful wooded and hilly years its membership consisted of one Englishdistrict' in the interior of the State of Travancore. man and several Indian village Christians. There For several years these Ashrams brought great were married and unmarried within its fellowinspiration to their Church, and beyond it. Then ship. The members lived entirely in Indian style, its founder seceded to Rome, taking the sisters and sought to find natural Indian expressions in with him. A number of the men continued faith- Christian worship. As the Christakula has been fully under Fr. Alexios in spite of great difficul- helped by the rich store of Christian Tamil lyrics, ties. After resisting pressure for ten years he so the Christa Seva Sangha was fortunate in the was consecrated bishop this year, but continues to fact that the leader of the modern school of live in the Ashram and to give as much time to Marathi poetry, N. V. Tilak, was a Christian. it as he can. A number of other Ashrams have The idea was to form a nucleus of married memcome into existence in the Syrian Church, both bers with a band of sanyassis, who would go out for men and women. – . – _ . .-.. . .. About the same time two doctors, one an Indian and the other a Scotchman, felt a call to found an Copyrright by (Jh(JIrZes Petrasoh Ashram. This they did at Tirupattur in South India. The way of life is entirely Indian, and a INTERIOR OF THE ASHRAM CHAPEL number of young men have joined from time to time as volunteers. Until recently they were the in the manner of sadhus and return to the center only two permanent members. As was natural, for fresh inspiration. After about five years a with two men of their profession, the ideal of group of young men came out from England, service took a great place in the life. A hospital whose ideal was to be members of a community is attached to it. Other activities in the form of after the manner of St. Francis of Assisi. An schools and agricultural experiments. also serve the rural population. In this Ashram there was

Ashram was established in the intellectual center of workers from the jungle districts and carry of Poona, but the attempt to combine the idea of out devoted service to the simple peoples of the the original group with that of this later recruit- forest. The books of the founder, Verrier Elwin, ment led to difficulties. Hence in 1934, when the have done much to bring them to the notice of an original founder left the society it was divided unheeding world. into two groups. Maharashtran village Christians The Christa Sishya Ashram was open,ed a few POOL AND THE "CLOISTER" WHERE THE BROTHERS LIVE years ago in a village area, not far from the in- dustrial town of Coimbatore, South India. Its now continue a life akin to the earlier idea at a members are Syrian and Anglican. It is remarkvillage four miles from Poona, under the old able as one, if not the only, piece of work for othname. Meanwhile the Poona Ashram has become ers carried on by members of the Orthodox secthe headquarters of a community of Indians and tion of the Syrian Church, outside Travancore. Englishmen on the lines of a community. The impact of Christians, who are not the prod- uct of Western missions but can trace their own The Poona Ashram has now the name of history as Christians into remote days of our era, Christa Prema Seva Sangha. The buildings are on non-Christians is most interesting. The Ashsimple, and are arranged to concentrate the life ram regards the married state as normal for its inward. There is a chapel built in Hindu style, members. and,adorned by pictures painted by an Indian art;. ist, trained in the Bengal school. The emphasis Among the seasonal Ashrams the first to be is laid on the life of prayer; the evening and ear- founded, and the best 'known, is that of Sat Tal, ly morning are kept in strict silence to create an founded by Dr. E. Stanley Jones in North India. atmosphere of quiet. Time is devoted also to study To this beautiful spot, year by year in the hot and to active service. One of the chief tasks of weather, groups of Westerners and Indians come the Ashram is to build up a natural Christian life together for periods of spiritual and intellectual in an Indian setting, into· which others may also refreshment. Non-Christians sometimes attend. be brought whether Christian or non-Christians. Of late years, in Lucknow, the nucleus of the Sat Educated converts are frequently sent here from Tal Ashram has attempted to form a more permadifferent parts of India. There is a hostel on the nent Ashram life. It is too early yet to discern the same compound, and lectures' are given in a hall exact shape this group will finally assume. attached to the Ashram. Various works of social service, or Christian ministry, are carried out by An Ashram similar to the Sat Tal has come inmembers in the town and the Presidency, Bom- to existence at Kadoaikanal and does for South bay. Recently a branch has been founded in a India what the former does for the North. Such rural area about 150 miles north of Poona. seasonal meetings playa great part in drawing Among other permanent Ashram settlements CHRISTAKULA AT TIRUPATTUR STRUCTURE OF two of the most interesting are the Bhumjan Seva THE JEBALYAM MandaI and the Christa Sishya. The former has been founded by two former members of the Poona Ashram, among the aboriginal tribes of the jungles of the Central provinces. These Christians have gathered around them a varied group

INDIAN CHRISTIAN SADHUS AND ASHRAMS

together Westerne:rs and Indians, and help to demand for equal partnership to one of full conbreak down barriers which all too easily tend to trol. The Ashram movement has clearly an imform in ordinary mission work. They also make portant task in meeting this present situation. It their contribution in discovering and disseminat- must be Temembered that it has influence far being Indian ways of approach to the Christian yond the Ashram walls. The Christakula has faith and practice, and bring into fellowship "friends" out in the world. The Christa Prema Seva Sangha has a Third Order after the manner ASHRAM SCHOOL, VILLAGE CHILDREN AND TEACHER of the Franciscans, whose members in the several parts of India are full members of the society Christians from various backgrounds and schools with the brothers and share in its government. of thought. Similarly each Ashram has a circle more or less closely attached. Thus the ideals can penetrate It would be impossible to speak of all the Ash- the Church, and this movement is further helped rams which have come into existence, and are be- by such periodicals as The Ashram Review. ing added to year by year. Enough has been said to indicate different types of experiment, of which Yet there may be an even more important part several other examples could be quoted. There for the movement to play in the future. Chrisremains to consider the importance of this move- tianity is a supra-national religion. Great harm ment in India, for the present and the future. The will be done if Indian Christians attempt in their Ashrams have come into existence largely owing reaction to become isolated from the rest of their to a sense that India may rightly expect that a fellows. In the future the ideal of equality of religion, which was born in Asia, should reveal Easterner with Westerner, which has inspired the Eastern characteristics, and in answer to the pioneers, may turn to that of equality of Westtaunt that it is a foreign religion from the West. erner with Easterner. Thus the Ashrams will be- Every day it becomes of increasing importance come the channel of the riches of all Christendom that Christianity in India should be Indian. The being mediated to the Indian Church in a form Indian Government not only makes non-Chris- in which it can assimilate them. Some hope the tians contemptuous of anything not of the coun- Ashrams may become the much-needed homes of try, but affects the Christians themselves. They Indian scholarship and theology. resent any sign of dominance on the part of Western missionaries, and will swiftly :pass from a Finally, the discerning expect that, in spite of the present continuance of Mass Movements in some parts of India, a Dark Age awaits the Church in India in the not distant future. During such a period, institutions, whose primary task is to lay stress on the priority of prayer and worship over activity, will form valuable rallying points for the preservation and building up of the inner life of the Church, even as monasteries did in the Dark Ages of Europe. Their true worth will be proved when the day dawns for renewed expansion of God's Kingdom through Christ's Church.

THE PRIEST'S SON'S TESTIMONY Nungan, an outcaste boy of India, whose father baptized? Are you willing? It will mean that he is a village priest, has always been eager to hear must give up his idol worship and have nothing Bible stories. For years Nungan went with his to do with the heathen ceremonies or with idols." father to the temple and watched him perform the rites, offering to the idols many a buffalo, The father replied, "He has given that up long goat and chicken. Never for a moment did he ago. He won't come near the temple, and refuses think it wrong until he heard the Gospel of to eat or partake of anything offered to the idols. Christ. One morning Nungan came to the mis- He says he is not going to worship demons but only sionary and said: "Ammal, I want my name the Jesus God. You can baptize him if you wish." changed," (meaning he wanted to become a Christian). Weeks later he asked me again. While the father was standing there I asked Nungan what the Lord Jesus had done for him. Not long after this he came again up to me, Without waiting he said, "The Lord Jesus died and pathetically said: "Ammal, won't you let me for me on the Cross. I believe that and He is come?" now in my heart." He was entered upon the list of candidates for baptism. A few weeks ago At that moment his father came along and I Nungan had his heart's desire fulfilled and he took asked: "Do you know your boy wants to be the name David."-Darkness and Light.

is the Koran?

By REV. E. E. ELDER, Meshed, Iran Missionary oj the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

To UNDERSTAND the religious life of the nated "The Heifer" because it gives the command millions who follow the M.oslem faith one of M.oses to sacrifice a red heifer (Deut. 22: 1-9). must kn.ow something of their sacred book. The fifth sura is called "The Table" from a ref- Although the K.oran is not mentioned in their brief erence made to a festival table sent down to Jesus statement of belief: "There is no god but Allah from heaven. This is only one of the many sub- and Mohammed is the Messenger of Allah," Mos- jects discussed in that chapter which, before it is lems recognize the Koran as the Message of that a third through, has listed lawful foods and meats, Messenger. prescribed regulations for ablutions before prayer, No tW.o sacred books in the world have S.o much recalled Allah's covenant with Israel, warned in common as the Bible and the Koran. Both Christians of infidelity and retold the story of mention the creation of Adam and Eve and their Cain and Abel's offerings.

expulsion from the Garden, the flood, the faithful M.ost of the earliest suras are short and appear witness .of Noah and the promise to Abraham that at the close of the Koran. They were delivered he should have a son in his old age. The chapter by Mohammed at Mecca. The style is rhythmic, in the Koran entitled "Joseph" gives over three- but the staccato sentences are not strictly in score facts about his life which agree with the metre. These set forth such subjects as the unity story told in Genesis. From different chapters of Allah, the signs of his greatness and the cer- one may glean many details as to the life of Moses, tainty of judgment .on the unrighteous. Later in his sojourn in Midian, his mission to Phara.oh and Mohammed's career an appeal was made to his- the exodus of Israel from Egypt. The Koran also tory and many of the sections at the beginning contains a record of the tables of the Law, the and middle of the Koran tell and retell the stories episode of the calf, the manna, the quails and .of the prophets to illustrate Allah's guidance. At water from a rock. Space does not permit a Medina when the prophet became the head of a record .of all that is told .of David and Solomon, warring community the revelations took the form Aaron and Miriam, Cain and Abel, Lot and Zech- of legislation f.or peace and war, inheritance laws ariah. From scattered verses in the Koran one and regulations of religious ceremony. The sen- may learn that Jesus was the son of Mary, the tences now become involved; the rhythm is .often Word of Allah, the Spirit from Allah and the Mes- stilted and artificial. siah, and that he healed the blind and the lepers Each sura is made up of verses or ayas (signs and brought back the dead to life. But with all or miracles). This term suggests the fundamental this material in common, the Bible and the Koran conception of the book as a collection of wonderare in sharp contrast as to message, arrangement ful phra'ses and sentences. Another division of and theory of authorship. the Koran into parts cuts right across the chapter The K.oran speaks little of the "lostness" of arrangement. There are thirty equal portions man; there is great emphasis on the saying of which facilitate the recitation of the whole book prayers and the payment of alms by believers. during the month of Ramadan – the month of The red thread of sacrifice which runs through fasting by day and feasting by night.

the Bible is lacking in the Koran. Protestants, in their contacts with Moslems, The Koran, although almost as large as the New often assume that their scriptures are for them Testament, is not divided into integrated sections "the only rule of faith and practice." Alongside dealing with history, doctrine or prophecy. There the Koran there are other foundations UP.on which is little logical or chronological sequence in its religion is built; there is Tradition, what the arrangement. It consists of 114 suras (or chap- Prophet taught, practised and approved; there is ters) which vary in length from one almost as the Agreement of the Moslem community; and long as the epistle to the R.omans to some which, there is the use of reason in Analogy. All these in the Arabic text, take but three or four lines. have their place in the commentaries; all of them Each chapter has a special name referring to some have been resorted to in the making of canon law.

subject menti.oned therein. The longest is desig- Yet for the pious Moslem the Koran is the [578 ] source of all science and every kind of knowledge. forgery. Instead of simple narrative about Jesus Does it not say that it is, "a detailed account of he expects. to find God's words to Jesus. The Sereverything" (12: 111) and that in it "nothing is mon on the Mount appears to most followers of neglected" (6: 38)? When in Egypt Napoleon Mohammed to be like some of his sayings reasked the learned sheikhs whether this included corded in the traditions. the formula for making gunpowder. They replied that it did, but admitted that not every reader Another thing about the Koran that strikes the would know how to find it. Only a few years ago the representative of Egypt at the Oriental Con- non-Moslem reader is its constant reference to gress at Oxford said that those who pursue a deep study of the Koran do not fail to find there some itself. Mohammed believed that he had a message reference to the latest inventions or an explana- to deliver and that this message was contained in tion of some scientific points which have been ob- a book. Other peoples had their holy books in scure. He then proceeded to quote verses that for their own tongues. Through him the Arabs were him showed that the earth had been flung off from to receive a book in their own language. "Verily the sun and prophesied that man had the power we have revealed it: an Arabic Koran that ye to fly. may understand." The Koran is self-conscious. One dominant note repeated throughout relate to Authors of the Bible and Koran the book itself; yet during the life time of the Prophet no attempt was made to gather the "rev- There is a sharp contrast between the Bible and elations" into a volume. It did not receive its the Koran in the time occupied in their composi- present form until one of the Khalifas, or succestion. One represents less than a generation, the sors of the prophet as head of the state, realized other over fifteen hundred years. At least thirty that the oral record, treasured in the hearts of individuals contributed to the text of our Bible, men and in the few scattered written fragments, whereas Islam holds that Mohammed was the sole were futile to survive the ravages of war and human medium for the Koran. Christians believe time. An authorized edition was finally made by that the writers of the Bible interpreted God Zaid ibn Thabit who had been one of the Prophet's through their personalities as they wrote. Dif- principal scribes. All other editions were supferent times and different environments called for posed to be .destroyed. Some years ago Dr. men with different gifts. In Islam revelation and Mingana, of the Rylands Library in England, inspiration tend to merge into one another. To aroused considerable interest when he brought the Moslem's way of thinking the Koran is in no back from the east a manuscript which contained way connected with the genius of Mohammed. a version considerably different from the present text. Moslem critical works on the Koran give Some years ago a prominent Christian was ad- various readings that run into the thousands. Aldressing an audience in Cairo, and thinking to though the book is of comparatively recent date, clinch his argument he quoted from the Koran. when contrasted with other holy books, perhaps He prefixed his statement with the words, "Your no other has more variant readings. Are there prophet says." When the Moslem hearers real- verses left out that should have been included? ized that he referred to the Koran, there was a The Shiahs of Iran, who hold the preeminence of storm of protest, not only because the words were Ali among Mohammed's companions, hold that not given verbatim, but also because the foreigner some verses substantiating their claim have been had ascribed the words of the book to Mohammed. suppressed. Sura thirty today contains only sev- enty-odd verses; there is a tradition that it once In spite of this mechanical theory of inspira- contained two hundred. There is little wonder tion, native stories are given in the "Traditions" then that Umar advised, "Say not I possess the which reveal something of the process by which whole Koran, but of it what is extant." the Koran developed. One day Mohammed was dictating to his amanuensis, Abdallah ibn Saad, In spite ,of the references to the Torah and Injil something regarding the creation of man. When (Gospel) as being authoritative for their peoples, he paused Abdallah said in wonder, "Blessed Moslems today usually hold that the Koran has therefore be Allah, the best of Creators." The superseded the Law and the Gospels of the Bible. prophet was so taken with the words that he said, This is not surprising when certain verses in the "Write that down, for so it has descended." The Koran itself have been abrogated by other verses. story continues that the scribe wondered whether The text remains but a later saying has taken revelation from Allah had not also descended on away its force. The Koran provides for this by him. But such tales do not destroy the dictation saying: "Whatever verse we may annul or cause theory of the Koran. It is held to be wholly a thee to forget, we will bring a better one than it, collection of sayings coming to Mohammed from or one like it; dost thou not know that Allah is the Angel Gabriel, so that the Moslem, when he mighty over all?" first reads the Christian Gospels, rejects them as a At the same time I,slam holds that the Koran

is the replica of a Heavenly Book, written on a ers on the Arabic professional stage. The measpreserved or well-guarded tablet, sent down on uredcadences of the book have so woven themthe Night of Destiny and dictated to Mohammed selves into the life and worship and literature of piecemeal by the Angel Gabriel. In spite of the Moslem peoples that they are the expression of historical evidence for a great variety of readings their deepest emotions, sorrow and joy, anger and and the great part played by scribes in collating love, prayer and praise. the material, together with the possible omission of what was originally from Mohammed and the The percentage of literacy is low in many Mosinclusion of portions suggested by others, never- lem lands and that has increased the use of the theless orthodox Islam holds that the Koran is the Koran as a magical force. A minute edition is uncreated speech of Allah. Westerners may fail sometimes used as an amulet and worn about the to see the soundness of such arguments, but the neck or on the arm. The recitation of certain Moslem theologian, with his use of dialectic, an- verses is believed to make evil spirits flee in terswers that all the varied readings are given in the ror. Quotations are used as a means of divina- Preserved Tablet. He can even argue that, far tion. In lands where Arabic is not understood from detracting from the glory of the Koran, they the power of the Koran must often be thought of add to its glory. as magic. To the learned Mullahs any translation of the Koran from the sacred Arabic has seemed Although commentators admit that the perspic- a sacrilege. Turkey has now, however, issued an uous book contains obscure ambiguous passages, edition in Turkish in Latin characters. The reliit is held to be the miracle of the ages.. To millions gious leaders of Egypt finally admitted the possi~ who follow the religion.of Is'lam its claim is in- bility of an interlinear translation which would be violate. "Verily if men and jinns were assembled in their eyes a commentary on the sacred text. together with a purpose of producing this (book) they could not do it, even though they helped one With the invasion of Western civilization and another." Christian teaching into the world of Islam a chal- lenge has come to the power of the Koran. Even Influence of the Koran in the desert one finds that in practical life there are more real forces in a Moslem's life than the Few Christians appreciate the .hold that the sacred book Jarvis, in "Yesterday and Today in Koran has on adherents of the Moslem faith. In Sinai," tells us that the Arab will cheerfully give Arabic-speaking lands it is still the golden treas- false evidence on the Koran, and that in the Libury for examples of grammatical constructions, yan Desert if you want the truth you must get rhetoric and literature. Throughout Egypt stu- your man to make his oath at some sheikh's tomb; dents in elementary, primary and secondary in Sinai you must resort to trial by ordeal, which schools are required to memorize selected por- consists in licking a white-hot iron. Yet the edutions. Illuminated texts, in elaborate styles of cated classes among Moslems, who admit they penmanship, take the place of pictures and wall know little of the contents of their sacred book, decorations. Over the radio professional readers reverence it and say with one of the modern daily recite portions from it. The poverty- writers, "from the point of style alone, it is nothstricken beggars who ask for alms chant passages ing less than a miracle, as great a miracle as ever from the sacred volume. Rarely does a Christian was wrought." Time alone will show whether it ,preacher receive a fifth of the salary obtained by can stand translation, whether it will go down befavorites of the theatre or Hollywood studios, but fore changing ethics, and with what resistance it I have been told that the best professional reciters may confront the Living Word of God. of the Koran are as well paid as the best perform- NOW WHAT SHALL I DO?

We held our communion service at the soldier's camp, in two languages and I could not understand all of the dialects. We had put Itola's baptism off until the next communion for she had been "following afar off." She tried to speak to me several times, but the Buluba- speaking Christians crowded her out. We had not been able to check the communicants at this soldier's camp, as we usually check our outstation Christians before communion and not until after the service did Itola get a chance to speak with me. In great distress she cried out, through an interpreter: "I took the bread and wine before I was baptized and now they say I shall die. Now what shall I do?" I told the interpreter to explain to her that God would not hold her accountable if her heart was right. "Be punctual at the Inquirer's Class," I said, "and when I return, you shall be baptized." PLUMER SMITH, Mutoto, Congo Belge.

Privilege of Preaching to

-<tEf I By STEPHEN KHOOBYAR, Tabriz, Iran 115–·- THERE is probably no harder task in the of sin against God and our fellowmen and against efforts to advance the Kingdom of Christ oneself; on the other hand the teachings of Islam than the winning of Mohammedans, but these look upon sin in a very light way and even excuse difficulties are well known. The disappointments or condone the things which separate man from experienced are sometimes such that only the God in this world and the next. hope of Christ can keep one from pessimism. It is a great sorrow to see those who have confessed Christ not only shows sin in its true light but Christ fall away, but at the same time there is offers the one and only remedy for sin. In Islam real joy in preaching Christ to Moslems, when the fundamental idea concerning sin seems to be a man has been called of God. When we see Mos- that a man may make up for evil deeds by doing lems believe on Christ so that they are born into something that is good, like prayers or pilgrimage the Kingdom we are as certain to have joy in our or the giving of alms. In the faith of Christ the hearts as a rose is to have perfume. remedy for sin is supplied by God Himself; in Islam the only remedies offered are man-made It is a great privilege to be called to serve Christ works. and to share in the work that is dearest to the heart of God. David Livingstone is said to have Jesus Christ, the Son of God, has revealed the remarked that in all his toils and dangers there truth that God is our Father. Through Christ we was one thing which gave him greater comfort may approach God. To Islam the title of Father, than all else; it was the word of Christ, "I am as applied to God, is blasphemy and is almost withwith you always." In preaching to Mohamme-. out exception understood by Moslems in a carnal dans we should never feel lonely with such a way. Though the Koran says that God is as near Presence to sustain us. as the jugular vein, yet in actual practice the whole system of Islam makes Him appear like a power- It is also a joy to explain the Word of God to ful tyrant who cannot be approached. What a those who have no true message from their Cre- blessing to come to our heavenly Father through Christ, our Elder Brother! ator. It is wonderful to go from shop to shop, from house to house, from city to city as the In Christ we have a personality that is unique. bearer of Glad Tidings, an apostle of the Word of How far from anything that Islam has to offer God. If we do not preach to Moslems we are like are the love, forgiveness, mercy, service and selfthe brothers of Joseph who sat down to eat bread sacrifice of our Master. What a marvelous joy while their brother lay bound and in the pit. How to be able to point to such an example. But can we be happy while we leave our brothers Christ is far more than an example – He is the bound and in darkness? Christ is the only One One who atones for sin, the Mediator of the New who can fulfill every longing of the deepest spirit Covenant that reconciles those who were at enof Islam. mity with God, making peace through His Cross.

Our souls are also happy because in preaching a In these great offices Christ is unique; Islam has to Mohammedans we are fulfilling the command nothing like it. What a joy to present such of Christ. When He sent out the twelve and the Saviour to a Moslem and to proclaim His words, seventy they went on their errand with joy in "I am the way, the truth, and the life." "Come their hearts. The Apostle Paul could not remain silent after he had seen Christ, but found his joy unto me all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest."

where we find ours in helping to carry the Gospel Christians have also the matchless blessing of to every nation and tribe. the help of the Holy Spirit to guide and empower them and to cleanse from sin. Islam teaches how The Wonderful Message ceremonially to clean hands and feet before prayers, but only Christ shows how to purify the There is joy in the Christian mes'Sage that can- heart. A few years ago, I was speaking in the not be found in Islam. It is a mess.age that per- waiting room of a mission dispensary on the verse, fectly meets the deepest need of our Moslem brothers. "Blessed are the pure in heart for they shall see The New Testament sets forth the true nature God." There were nine mullahs present. When [581 ]

I had finished one of them said, "It is impossible have presented the Christian message directly, in to be pure in heart." All the other eight agreed most cases without any reference to Islam, and with him. Without the Holy Spirit true purity many hundreds of Moslems have attended and is impossible. have shown the keenest interest.

Islam has its holy shrines, like Mecca and In one of the smaller cities of Iran we held serv- Medina, the graves of the prophet and the Imams, ices on several successive Sundays. Though there is no established Christian <church in that city we but it has nothing to compare with the Christian had a w.onderfulattendance of Moslems. The last sacred places that have a deep meaning fQr us. Sunday, though a heavy rain was faIling, there were more than three hundred Moslems in attend- Bethlehem-Place of the Incarnation. ance. N.o room at our disPQsal was large enough The Wilderness – The place of overcoming to hold such a congregati.on so I stood in a d.oor- way opposite to be sheltered from the rain and temptation. listeners filled the porches on the first and second Gethsemane-The place of agony for sin. stories of the long h.ouse where we were staying. Golgotha-The place .of atonement on the Cross. One could hardly believe that such an .opportunity The Empty Tomb-The place of victory through could be presented-that so many would be ready to hear the straight evangelistic message in a city resurrection. The Mount of Ascension-Place of power and the Great Commission.

It would be hard to imagine anything that eQuId that is noted :for its fanaticism. M.ost Christian evangelists in Iran have a room bring more jQy than the pr.oclamation of such or office where peQple may come to see them for great truths. If any Christian has, lost his joy in conversation .or to secure Christian literature. In preaching it must be because he has lost contact our .own evangelistic rQom we have a Bible class with these great and fundamental truths. If any each Sunday morning for Moslem men. Though worker for Moslems has lost the j.oy of such service let him return to his God-given Message and the attendance is somewhat irregular because most of the young men are from the upper classes of he will find there what he has lost. the g.overnment schools, we very often have thirty Islam has no real vital message. In a large or forty or even more of these intelligent young town of our province a number .of mullahs came men; they must often cut their classes to come. to our rQom. We asked them to choose a man to What a joy to have such hearers; their attendspeak for thirty minutes on the message .of Islam ance is entirely vQluntary, yet they leave their and we would speak for a similar time on the own school work to come and listen! That should Christian message. They chose the leading m.uj- bring joy to the heart of any Christian preacher. tahid who spoke for .only five minutes. We took the other twenty-five minutes of his time and the Opportunities to present the Christian message half-hour allotted to us to present the Christian are not confined to large congregations but come message. This has happened over and .over again from personal contacts in our every day WQrk. In in our experience. Great should be our JQY for a certain city I was invited, with a mission doctor, we have a wonderful message, which Islam has to the home of the head of the tax department.

not. He had also asked the Governor of the district, The Moslem Hearers the head .of the education department, several vil- lage landowners, and others to come to his home We not only have a message but we find in Mos- for conversation with us. We were able to prelem lands many who are ready to listen to it. sent tQ these officials the straight Christian mes- Though there are great .obstacles to be .overcome, sage and they seemed glad t.o listen. Recently yet we thank God for the great oPPQrtunities. that after Easter I stood in a school for girls with the lie around us. The fanaticism and bigotry which whole student body before me. The large room fQrmerly refused to listen to the message .of Christ was darkened and at the front .of the rQQm there have largely passed away. The tremendous social was a cross illumined by electric lights, covered changes and the m.odern outlook, together with by white cloth and lilies. By the light of the cross the new nationalistic spirit, sometimes make for I read the resurrection story. The great majority more freedom in preaching, and at other times of the girls were from Moslem families, yet there they .offer hindrances; yet in all we rejoice that was respectful silence and strict attention. Whose the general flow of the tide is toward a more ready heart would nQt overflow with joy at such an ophearing and more people willing to consider the portunity to preach Christ? claims of the Gospel. Last year, returning across the lake from visit- In the large cities all over Iran we have recently ing the churches in the Urumia region, I started been holding special evangelistic meetings. Some- a religious conversation with an army doctor soon times for a week these services have continued after the boat had left the pier. Others gathered each day and s.ometimes for longer periods. They around and through the whole day the conversa-

THE PRIVILEGE OF PREACHING TO MOSLEMS

tion went on, with all listening who were free to a mob of men. Some entered the room and began gather around. It was one more joyful chance for beating converts who were with us. They threw personal work. us out of the room; as they pushed us out of the yard, one man said, "If you ever come in this yard As a subject of a Moslem country, I live under again, or even in this street your blood will be a constitution which establishes Islam as the State spilled on these cobblestones." After we left a religion, yet there is an open door for the Gospel man who had lately professed Christ was shamewhich no one can shut. I have the joy of diffi- fully beaten by the rabble. culties to be overcome and the daily joy of seeing non-Christians willing to hear the message Christ Some time ago, as I was leaving the church, a has sent me to give. young Moslem put a sealed letter into my hand. I did not open it until I got home and then found it The Joys of Tribulation contained a threat that if I tried to convert Mos- lems to Christianity, either by preaching in the There is another sort of joy that comes from church or personal work, my blood would be shed suffering and persecution for Christ. The joy of in the street. It was signed "The Group of those the day of Pentecost was one sort of happiness for who Shed Blood." the Apostle Peter, but when some time later he was beaten he found joy in that experience also. We must expect at any time to be put out of We read in the Acts that "they departed from the places where we go to preach. Our books will be presence of the council rejoicing that they were seized and we may have trouble but, like the Hecounted worthy to suffer shame for his name." brews to whom the apostle wrote, most of us "have The Apostle Paul must have rejoiced to see not yet resisted unto blood." Even should it be churches spring up through his efforts but his our privilege to share the martyr's crown, we will heart broke forth in joy at the thought that his still say with the prophet Nehemiah, "For the joy apostleship was sealed by fellowship with Christ of the Lord is your strength." in His sufferings.. Just as we fail to match the apostles in power, so we fail to attain to a fellow- The Joy of the Harvest ship in suffering such as they enjoyed. The trials we are called upon to bear are trivial in compari- There is the joy in gathering fruit. We do not son to their sufferings, yet our own may be enough see great numbers of Moslems accepting Christ, to bring that deep joy which comes only through or mass movements such as are reported in India, sharing with Christ in pain and distress. Korea and Africa. We must work and pray for one convert from Islam, but in the large centers, Some years ago I was touring with one of the where churches are established, there quite a missionaries. We reached a district in the moun- group join the church each year. In the villages,· tains where so far as I know Christian evangelists on the other hand, there may be a single convert had never been. Some sixteen years before one here and there but we struggle toward the stage Christian had passed through the district. We where we may witness groups. of Christian became into a village just before nightfall, in a storm lievers in villages and small cities. The main reaof rain and wind. We asked for a place to stay sons why we do not see large numbers of converts but there was not one family in the place that are: would receive Christians – especially in our wet condition. They thought that we would contam- The lack of religious freedom; Religious or national fanaticism; a inate their houses in that condition. They showed Loss of economic and social standing; Actual persecution of converts. us the ruins of barn but we decided it would be beUer to stay in the streets than among the ver- One time, touring with a new missionary who min there. Another man took us to an old chicken had come from America a short time before, we house, one of the most filthy places I have ever stopped at a druggist's shop in the bazaar and a seen. At last one man suggested that there was crowd started to gather when they saw we were a shelter in an orchard some way from the village. speaking about Christ and the Injil (Gospel). I We made our way out there and found some sort moved to a wide part of the bazaar and at least of a room upstairs; we put our saddlebags over a hundred people gathered and gave me a wonderthe places where windows should have been and ful opportunity to preach the Gospel. They lisat last made our beds with the wind and rain tened with fine attention and were evidently imwhistling through our abode~ I have never in my pressed by the message. As we returned to our life enjoyed a sweeter sleep than that night. room my heart was singing, but I noticed that the young missionary seemed sad. When I asked the At one time I was invited with a missionary to reason, he replied, "I am filled with sorrow bethe home of a prominent man who had recently cause not one man stood up before the crowd and been converted from Islam. As we were talking confessed Christ. In such a meeting in America, a high Moslem ecclesiastic entered the room and we saw that the yard was filled with mullahs and

with people listening with that sort of attention, connection with our church, confessions had been at least fifteen or twenty would have arisen to few. One morning a young man, who had been confess their faith." Those of us who have spent attending services for some time, came into my many years in work for Moslems hope for that offic·e and made a clear confession of his faith in day but we have not yet seen it. Men and women Christ. He was from a good family and now has are born into the Kingdom one by one and great a good position as a clerk in the military service. is our joy over one soul that steps out into the How glad our hearts are made after a season of sunlight of Christ. little apparent fruit when we see the Spirit work- ing to turn men to Christ! One day as I was passin.g a vineyard, a boy came running and asked us into the garden where In one village I passed a mullah sitting in a an old man was sitting.. I read to him the story shop. Something made me turn back and I found of the Prodigal Son, and before I was through the he had never read the Injil, so I gave him a copy. old gentleman was crying like a child. He under- After that there was not a day when we did not stood the meaning of the story before I had ex- converse; he was certainly near the Kingdom and plained a word and I am satisfied he found Christ came to a full understanding of the love of Christ. in that single interview. In one village I had a conversation in a Bahai house that lasted until One of the fondest memories of my work for midnight. The owner was not converted but one Moslems was the conversion of a leading mullah, man who was present was deeply affected. He a descendant of the prophet Mohammed, who had came to see us later and before we had left the charge of several mosques. His was a wonderful village he confessed Christ and has remained true conversion and he not only believed but preached to. this day. his faith with utter disregard of consequences. He was called upon to suffer persecution which I recall three young men with whom I came in almost made him despair of life itself. But noth- .contact through the young people's society of our ing has been able to shake his faith. The last time church. One of them later confessed that he had I saw him he had a book in his hand and showed been drinking the first time he attended a meeting me two pictures,as others on the street stopped and had gone there as a lark. They all later con- to look and listen. One was the picture of a lion fessed Christ and though they have separated to and the other of a lamb. He said to me, "In the places that are far apart each has done much for end this one will triumph," pointing to the lamb. Christ in this land. It is not necessary to mention many other cases In one large city I had been working alone for which come to mind. As the angels in Heaven several weeks with very small show of results. I are filled with joy when one sinner repents, so we had given a Bible to a young man of a very prom- are happy beyond measure to see one soul from inent family. One evening as I sat in my room Islam born anew in Christ. If we carry the real almost discouraged as to the work, the young man message, in prayer and the power of the Holy came in. He had been reading the Bible, and be- Spirit, the fruit will come whether we or others fore he left, he confessed faith in Christ. My are to harvest it. I can conceive of no greater joy pessimism was· changed to joy. Shortly after this than that of seeing souls come out of Islam to take another man, who was a tailor and had been read- their place beside others who were formerly Zoro- ing much of our literature, confessed Christ and astrians or Jews, Armenians or Assyrians, and began to witness for Him. The poor man never all these together building the Church of Christ in reached the point where he could quite give up Iran. We praise God for our opportunities. "He his old custom of smoking opium but he professed that goeth forth and weepeth, bearing precious his faith before all up to the time of his death. seed, shall doubtless come again with rejoicing, bringing his sheaves with him." During some months of evangelistic work in A church that divides the Christian community is impotent to transform or redeem it.- Rev. Ross Sanderson.

*** We have sometimes covered over the ugly and dangerous weaknesses of our civilization and have given them the appearance of strength.-Rev. A. E. Keigwin.

FOR LEPER COUPLES IN A LEPER COLONY, NORTHERN

Obeying Christ's Forgotten Command Dona Eunice and the Lepers of Brazil _.o~ ~o._ r By EULA KENNEDY LONG, formerly of Brazil I A MONG those present at the fourth Interna- eradication of this dread disease in one generar-. tional Conference on Leprosy, which met in tion."

Cairo last March, was Dona Eunice Gabbi About a decade ago, under the capable and un- Weaver, a native Brazilian who married an selfish leadership of Dona Eunice, a small group American Methodist missionary in Brazil. She of Christian women began the work which is now came as official delegate and was the only woman carried on by seventy-two societies, associated in to read a paper before the conference. Dona a Federation of which she is the national presi- Eunice is a product of Christian missions, for she dent. They have erected prevention homes for received her early education in the mission the care of children whose parents have been in- schools of Argentina and Brazil. Later, she took terned in Government "colonies," and for un- a nursing course; and in 1929, toured the world tainted babies taken from leprous mothers at on one of our "Floating Universities." For some birth.

years after their marriage, Mr. and Mrs. Weaver Since the disease is not inherited, a child's superintended the Methodist Settlement House in safety depends on immediate removal from a dis- Rio de Janeiro. eased mother. Tragic as this separation is to the About eight years ago Dona Eunice became in- mother, it is less terrible than that of seeing her terested in the lepers of her country and took up child doomed to hopeless suffering.

the work as a life investment. Up to that time, A very important phase of this work is keep- efforts in their behalf had been sporadic and ing up the morale of the patients. Dr. Muir, of In- localized. According to Dr. H. C. Tucker (for al- dia, has said that 85 per cent of the cure of lep- most fifty years Secretary of the American Bible rosy consists of moral and spiritual help, and Society in Brazil), "no one in Brazil is doing so only 15 per cent is due to medical care. Societies, great a work in dealing with this gigantic 'prob- therefore, have provided work-shops, libraries, lem as is Dona Eunice Weaver. Dr. Victor Heiser recreation centers and Christian chapels for the states that "Brazil may lead the world in the pres- patients, and organize entertainments for Christ- o ervation of the children of lepers and in the mas and other special days.

[585 ]

This work is in cooperation with the Federal and other influential men and women, receiving Government, which has built some twenty colo- cooperation from the humblest widow, as well as nies (in which about twelve thousand lepers are from the first lady of the land, Dona Darcy Varnow interned) and has fourteen more under con- gas. struction. Getulio Vargas is the first president of the country to attack this problem in a vigorous One of the most interesting and heartening and statesmanlike way. But government alone features is that Dona Eunice, although a Protescannot carryon all phases of this stupendous un- tant, has secured the cooperation of Roman Cathdertaking. It must have the assistance of private olics, Spiritualists, and Positivists. Her success beneficent organizations. in carrying out Christ's oft-forgotten command to cleanse the lepers, proves that Christian love, in From the pampas of the South to the waters of actual practice, can transcend barriers of class and the Amazon, Dona Eunice travels by train, ship, creed, and be a living force in .the service of sufauto and military plane, enlisting the sympathy fering fellow-men. and active support of state governors, Rotarians, Presenting the Good News in Brazil By E. M. do AMARAL, Rio de Janeiro Secretary of the Evangelical Federation of Brazil W HENEVER the message of the New Tes- The Christian conscience of the people of the tament reaches men, no matter how di- so-called "Younger Churches" reacts immediately, verse the interpretations may be, it will awakened by the responsibility for evangelizing always speak vigorously to the consciences, ap- the world in accomplishing the missionary task. pealing to the sacred missionary responsibility. They cooperate in the great labors initiated in Christians everywhere receive, as a command, the their country. duty of propagating the Good News of salvation; to present to men the unique Personality of Jesus But it is just to mention that, at the touch of Christ-the incarnation of the highest ethics, and the international or ecumenical spirit of Chrissupreme giver of energies for conduct. It is a tianity quite evident in the work of the Missions, duty to spread among the masses the noble in- the Christians of the evangelized countries awake, fluences of the Gospel. both in their duty to do missionary work and in their national feelings. For the love of their coun- The peoples who had already experienced try they wish to propagate the light of Christ; Christianity for centuries-and especially the or- and because Christianity awakens the conscience ganization which followed the principles of the of personality, and on account of the fact that the Great Reformation of the sixteenth century-felt national feelings do not die, there is born the dein its full power this heavy responsibility to prop- sire that the work, started by self-denying pioagate the teachings and the spirit of Jesus, to con- neers of other lands, may be carried on by those vey His influences among the people who did not who have received the fruits of the missionary know Christ, or who were in unfavorable circum- labors. stances on account of wrong interpretations and practice of Christianity. They have felt this duty, It is needless to call attention to the struggles and have sought to perform it with earnestness which have been fought, in these circumstances, and tenacity. many times due to lack of understanding from both sides as to their respective functions. Thanks In the exercise of this duty by the missionary to God, that there is already a new spirit predomcountries, there developes a true internationalism, inating and a better comprehension of duties will which exists in the religion of Jesus Christ, and bring greater blessings to the missionary enterwhich, in order to bestow benefits and accomplish prise in all the world. There is a reasonable its spiritual mission, is beyond racial and political expectation that this will come to pass. barriers. Again, this international spirit meets and often awakens the national spirit of the peo- Br.azil has already been the host to French ples who receive the blessings of the missionary missionaries in the colonial period (sixteenth cenenterprise. tury); and has had a movement of the Reforma- tion to a certain extent, during the Dutch control;

PRESENTING THE GOOD NEWS IN BRAZIL

also, in colonial times (seventeenth century) ; and God, and it is fair to mention that they are en- was educated in the principles and loose practices gaged in it with enthusiasm and a burning sense of Roman Catholicism. Not speaking about visits, of responsibility.

now and then, already received in the nineteenth In the capitals and in the larger cities, but espe- century, she began to receive the evangelical mis- cially on the coast, we have already strong sionary influence only in the last quarter of the churches-many of them self-supporting and help- last century, less than 80 years ago, implanting ing smaller churches as well as the general work, the regular work of the various Missions, which and maintaining regular missionary work within brought us their great blessings and, let us say their areas. Whosoever will examine rapidly the also, transported to the new land the sectarian evangelical enterprise in some capitals, will note struggles of Europe and America. the churches maintaining various preaching sta- Already, within a half century, the feeling of tions and congregations, within a short time will ecclesiastical autonomy has been greatly awak- develop into new churches and all of them dedicate ened, which means the privilege of self-govern- themselves to propaganda.

ment, responsibility for self-support, but still the A considerable part of the evangelistic field is in sacred duty to propagate the Good News by our the rural zone, and even there, in spite of the lack own efforts. A great progress has already been of resources, the National Church does the same achieved. There are denominations entirely auton- work of evangelism. It is a perplexing problem omous; others, which are autonomous, even in Brazil, but the Christian workers and the Counthough they receive some support from the Mis- cils face the situation with courage and energy. sions; and others upon which the missions have The rapid development of the churches comes yet preponderant influence. We have gone quite a way in the direction of about in such a way, that within a short time, the field of labor of one worker multiplies itself, the rethis equilibrium, which generates a healthy, mu- sponsibilities increase, new centers come up, new tual respect between the missionary and the native churches are organized in much larger proporforces; and also we affirm that there is not, in a tion than the regular growth of the number of general sense, the sad "nationalism" which dead- workers. A distinguished Brazilian preacher who ens the work. We meap to say this: the collab- occupies an important pastorate in one of the oration of missionaries and Brazilians is of such largest churches in Brazil, and who is working a nature that these can develop, with liberty and very efficiently, was the initiator of the work of satisfaction, the promotion of the Christian cause. evangelization in a vast rural zone, in which there We are thankful to report the fact that the are today, instead of the small church then organ- Brazilian Churches, all of them, felt the impera- ized, not less than three Presbyteries.

tive missionary duty, and all of them, continually, Completely occupied with the common labors, with some enthusiasm, by their own initiative and and with this work in which the cure of souls and expenses, and employing their own methods, do the propagation of the Gospel extend together, the the best work of propaganda that they can. Brazilian workers have not always had sufficient The Christian schools of Brazil are yet in a funds for spreading out and planting new marks great part under the direction of missionaries, in far-away places in the outlying districts.

affiliated with various Missions in the United But all this is done, while the sons of the States. In the Theological Schools there are also "younger churches," feeling the weight and glory some missionaries, even though nearly all the of their mission, are face to face with the hard Schools of Theology are under the Brazilian lead- task of giving guidance to the general work. The ership. In the regular pastorate there are several Evangelical press, the training of ministers, the missionaries, but in considerably less proportIon, general work of Christian cooperation,· although and variable according to the denominations with helped by missionary experience quite often, is which they are connected. In the work of evan- on the shoulders of the nationals. Along these gelization, in zones in which the Brazilian lines, the Fifth Evangelical Congress, which met churches cannot have much influence, and espe- in S. Paulo, in 1936, had an important task; with cially in the hard task to evangelize territories far the help of missionaries who were there they made away from the civilized centers, there is a fine a careful study of questions. regarding evan- number of self-denying missionaries, including gelization, education, literature, social action, missionary ladies worthy of all respect, who are ecumenism, unity, held the attention of the Con- doing splendid educational work and nursing, far gress and very important conclusions and recom- away from the resources of civilization. mendations were made, in which there is a cou- Excluding these and other works, which the rageous acknowledgment of past mistakes and Brazilian evangelicals receive with gratitude, the shortcomings, and the presentation of desirable national leaders, naturally, have an ample and steps. and initiatives to follow in behalf of the heavy task in the propagation of the Kingdom of future kingdom of Christ in Brazil.

Adventure in Panjab

By HELEN A. DUFF Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church at Moga, Pan;ab AN AMERICAN woman, beginning mission- brought encouragement. But in many villages she r-. ary work with her husband a few years ago found none but tottering and toothless old women in the Bible classes. "Why do not the young ones in the villages of southeastern Panjab, was come?" she asked. astonished to find that almost none of the Christian women in that district knew anything about "They haven't time. They are busy with their the new religion which they professed. In each children and their husbands, with their grinding village there was usually a man or two who could and spinning, and all the business of living. What tell a few Bible stories from the mission course time have they to think of God? But with us, who then in vogue, but scarcely a woman knew so have finished with living, our children are dead, much as the name of Christ. There was no dis- or grown and it is well now for us to give a cernible difference between their mode of life and thought to God and to death and the Judgment bethat of their outcaste neighbors. The homes and fore it is too late." children of the Christians were as dirty as others in the village; many charms were to be seen about Young mothers, wrestling with the problem of their necks; and much quarreling and filthy lan- how to find enough bread for their children, how guage was heard; they showed as little interest to save them from cholera and blindness and the "evil eye," and all the rampant vice of village life in school. were not concerned with God. He could be of no "Perhaps the evangelists take no interest in service to weary and despairing souls who groaned under the degradation of an outcaste teaching the women," thought the missionary woman's lot. Why should they give much time to wife. "They teach only the men." She decided to think of Him, when as yet their day for dying explain to the evangelists that the women also was still far off? should be taught. The evangelists listened politely. Some took the trouble to explain why such a The old women's answer marked the turning thing was not to be expected. There were a num- point in that district. We decided to undertake ber of reasons-time-honored sex taboos and to do something more creative. In many villages women's brainlessness. The headstrong young the old women still sit, passively content to listen foreigners must find out for themselves the utter to Bible stories, but twice a year now, increasing unreasonableness of their expectations. numbers of young women and girls flock eagerly into the mission station for a sort of girls' camp, The missionary changed her tactics. She de- for two weeks of dynamic study. cided to inspire the evangelists' wives to take up the service, each in her own home village. But The experiment was launched with misgiving. there were many practical difficulties. In that "Parents will never send their daughters," said district there was no precedent for such a pro- the wise and experienced evangelists. In the becedure. The women were not used to sitting in ginning few did. But in that first critical two classes. All their lives they had been told that weeks' session, the few girls who came had such they had brains like the buffal'Q.cf.The evangelists' a rich experience that their drab lives were wives dften reminded them of the fact. Besides, changed and the news spread. As a result many these wives had to care for their own homes and a girl has prevailed upon fearful old parents or children and could not take on more work, for a jealous or stingy young husband, to allow her which they were not paid. to attend camp once, if not twice, in the year. But gradually, by persistent prayer, with ex- A group of little two-room native houses was ample and precept, the work was begun. From found where the girls might live for two weeks. scattered villages came reports of women learn- All the activities of the camp are used to convert ing Bible stories. No radical change of life these drab mud houses into. what a Christian vilseemed to follow ammediately, but that would lage home should be! The girls pasted the houses take time. The missionary began making visits neatly with thin mud plaster, built tidy fireplaces, to the villages where women were listening; her decorated their walls with designs of their own praise of those teachers who were most faithful in white clay, or color. Pictures cut from maga- [588 ] zines have added splashes of color. Simple little There is at times tension or lack of cooperation, hand-made pottery have a place in the scheme. but as each situation arises, it gives opportunity Beds neatly spread and clean floors gradually for the girls themselves to evaluate it in the light become the standard. Personal charm has been of the standards which they themselves have ac- enhanced by daily washings and combing of hair, knowledged. Behavior is measured by the motto weekly washing of clothes, and getting rid of lice they have chosen, "In love serve one another."

once-for-all! Girls take turns in cooking, learn- The babies who are sure to attend also learn ing from a woman who is a mistress of the art. much, for these are made the subjects of all the There are also lessons in soap making, cutting experiments in baby bathing and weighing, in and sewing of garments, knitting, baby care, and feeding and discipline! They learn to take their sometimes in simple gardening and chicken rais- food once every four hours, instead of every time ing. they whimper. They learn to sleep, cool and com- The twice-a-day lessons in reading are attacked fortable, in their little cots, while their mothers with more zest than anything else and we find attend school. They like this better than being that there is nothing which so much enhances· constantly jiggled and smothered in mother's self-respect as an ability to read. warm lap. Mothers like it better too. Finally, Lessons in Bible are not cut-and-dried, but free they return to their village homes, bedecked in discussion is encouraged, to find answers to ques- the gaudy new shirts which their young mothers tions about daily living. have made for them. Two- and three-year-olds "What shall I do when my child gets fever? learn to detach themselves from mothers' skirts, My mother-in-law tells me that the blood of a and have a good time independently in an attrac- black goat smeared on the bed posts would be tive little nursery school.

helpful." Each morning and evening during the camp the "What is the harm in child marriage?" girls gather, sometimes together and sometimes "How should my husband treat me?" in separate house groups, for Christian worship.

"Why should I not slap my child when he an- On the last days, when the girls must return to noys me? How else can I control him?" their villages, their expressions of regret and To these and other daily problems the girls and their wistful yearnings to stay longer, are di- teachers try to find the Christian answer, in the verted into the more positive attitude of service light of Christ's teaching. There is gratifying for others. What are they taking back to their evidence of the effectiveness of this more realistic villages? Will they find some other girls to teach?

method, despite its many flaws. Staff meetings to Here and there a village girl can be found who prepare for class discussions have helped. has learned to read a little, or to knit, or to keep There is also much fun in these schools. There her children cleaner and to quarrel less with her are trips to thE! ice factory (as good as a trip to mother-in-law, because a friend who has been to Europe), picnics on the canal bank, games and camp has shown her that Christ teaches her to songs, and village folk dances. do those things if she wishes to follow Him.

TEN RULES FOR OHRISTIAN LIVING By THE LATE GENERAL WILLIAM BOOTH 1. Consider your body as the temple of the Holy Spirit and treat it with reverence and care. 2. Keep your mind active. Stimulate it with thoughts of others that lead to doing something. 3. Take time to be holy with daily Bible reading and prayer. 4. Support the church of your faith. Mingle with others. 5. Cultivate the presence of God. He wants to enter your life and will,-as far as you let Him. 6. Take God into the details of your life. You naturally call upon Him in trouble and for the bigger things. 7. Pray for this troubled, war-threatened world and the leaders who hold the destinies of the various nations. 8. Have a thankful spirit for the blessings of God – country, home, friends and numerous "

other blessings. 9. Work as if everything depended upon work, and pray as if everything depended upon prayer. 10. Think of death not as something to be dreaded, but as a great and new experience where loved ones are met and ambitions realized.-Selected.

Lift Up Christ in

Two Methods of Introducing Jesus to Non-Christians _o·<tH{1.:;11====B;;;;Y;;;;A;;;;M=IS;;;;SI;;;;O;;;;N;;;;AR=Y=IN=IND=I;;;;A====!III.- My FIRST year of evangelistic work in the Maddened by his prowess, the Mohammedans Panjab was spent in a proud and big- grew acrimonious in their attacks, saying abusive oted Mohammedan city, where for fifty things of Christ, and making personal attacks on years Christian work had been carried on with the evangelist. The Christian maintained his good almost no visible results. A spirit of defeatism humor, but his tongue grew more adroit in trip- and indifference, and even of antagonism to the ping up his less skilful rivals, demolishing their non-Christians, characterized the local church. arguments with his brilliant irony.

The Christians, having come from the Depressed Long before the evening was over, it was evi- Classes, were scorned by their proud Moham- dent that the Moslem opponents were routed. The medan neighbors, and it is not easy to love peo- discussion ended with shrill and furious invective ple by whom one is scorned! on one side, and cries of victory on the other. On But the Indian pastor and the missionaries had their way home, some of the Christians were plans for stirring the city into new life. A short seized and beaten by enraged Mohammedans, but time before the Panjab had been startled by the they gloried in their sufferings for Christ.

news that a brilliant and zealous Mohammedan Some of us who were new to the work were dis- maulvi (theologian) had been converted to Christ. turbed by the unfriendly spirit shown and there- As in the case of Paul, the talents which former- after dissociated ourselves from such debates.

ly had been skilfully used to refute the claims of Our Christian associates were patient, pointing Christ were now even more vigorously employed out that more Gospels had been sold during that in defense of the Christian faith. In the hope of week than in the whole preceding year. God could stirring lethargic Christians to fresh zeal, and of "make even the wrath of man to praise Him,"

converting hardened Mohammedans, the church whereas indifference was more difficult to over- leaders invited this man to come and give a series come. Some Moslems came to ask questions, while of evangelistic addresses before his former co- others sought to quarrel with the pastor and the religionists-the Moslems. missionaries. We were amazed w~en three young He had accepted the invitation and the news Mohammedan men asked for baptism at the close was soon spread, through every alley of our city of the campaign. They had become convinced, and into surrounding villages. It was rumored they said, by the logic of the evangelist, that to among the Christians that the local maulvies, follow the way of Mohammed would surely lead fearful lest their learning might not prove ade- them to hell. The baptisms aroused such bitter quate to the challenge of so illustrious an oppo- antagonism in the city that the young men seemed nent, had sent to Amritsar and to Lahore for two to be in peril of their lives and were obliged to of their most scholarly and most eloquent maul- make their escape into another part of the counvies to uphold the Prophet's honor. Excitement try. For a time every home in the city was closed ran high. Christian evangelists, as they went to us. about in house to house visiting, were sharply *** questioned about the coming addresses, and some- When the Christian Students' Council of a times were taunted in the streets. Christian college planned to show stereopticon On the night of the first debate, crowds filled slides of the "King of Kings" (Life of Christ) in the arena. Men and women with babies, attended the college chapel, where attendance was volun- from the Christian compound. For the first time tary, a group of Mohammedan students, prej- in the history of our city, Christianity was head- udiced against Christianity, determined to cause line news. The debate began in dignified and a disturbance.

scholarly manner, as the maulvies matched their As the lights went out, and the picture was learning against that of their Christian rival. It shown, the mischief makers began to chatter, soon became apparent that the maulvies were far shuffle their feet, snap their fingers, hoot in de- out-classed in their knowledge of the subject. rision, and throw paper wads at the figure of Again and again the convert scored, tearing to Christ on the screen. The president of the college pieces with ease the arguments of his opponents. felt that he could not allow such insults to his [590 ] Master, and sprang to his feet to shut off the pic- ly the audience watched that broken body taken ture. Just then there came before him the mental picture of Jesus and His disciples, weary and from the Cross and laid sorrowfully in its resting footsore at the end of a day's journey, refused place by His brokenhearted friends. The crowd shelter in a village of Samaria. While the dis- was deeply impressed as that invincibly friendly, ciples, in anger at this indignity to their Master, virile, gallant Spirit went down to seeming dedesired to call down fire from Heaven on the in- feat, so unmerited and ignominious. But with the hospitable village, "Jesus turned and rebuked dawning of Easter morning, when the noble figthem; and they went to another village." The ure of Christ rose from his grave, living and vicpresident decided to ignore the disturbance, and torious, the whole student body was on its feet let the picture go on. and the oppressive stillness was broken with cheer after wild cheer, exultantly ringing through Little by little, as Jesus walked before them on the chapel: "He has conquered!" the screen, healing the sick, comforting the sorrowful, playing with little children, gradually the The next day a sober-faced committee of Moshuffling of feet, and the derisive "cat calls" les- hammedan students called at the president's office. sened. Later, when the scenes of Christ's suffer- "We came to beg forgiveness," they said, "for our ing on the Cross were thrown on the screen, a shameful rudeness of yesterday. We would never tense and breathless stillness filled the room. Quiet- have acted as we did, if we had supposed that Jesus was like that!"

CHURCH GIVING HAS INCREASED The statistics of the United Stewardship Council (Harry S. Myers, Sec.) are for the church years ending between December 31, 1937, and September 1, 1938. These figures show an increase in giving to benevolences and to congregational expenses; membership also shows an increase.

The new depression that started in the fall of 1937 caused a severe slowing up in contributions in many churches, but the total for the year is larger than the total for the preceding report. In per capita giving the United Presbyterians stand at the head with $5.47 per capita for general benevolences and $7.09 for denominational work.

The increase in giving by the listed twenty-five church bodies is $2,313,425.00, or is .007 per cent over the preceding year.

All groups except five show a growth in membership; the Southern Baptists stand first with 4,595,602. The total membership, exclusive of infants, reported by these twenty-five church bodies in the United States and Canada, is 25,143,316, an increase of 133,766, over the statement made last January.

RELIGIOUS BODY 1 – -P-ER- -OA,P-IT-A-G-IF-TS- – – – 1 – – – – -T-O,T-AL-G-IF-T-S – – – – – – 1 Membership Denomina· oongrega. Denomina· Oongrega- Excluding tlonal Be· tiona! All tiona! tiona! AIl Purposes Infants nevo!ences Expenses Purposes Benove!ences Expenses 1——1——–1———-1——–1—— I Baptist, Northern ………………. .. $1.76 $10.19 $II.95 $2,590,305 $14,957,043 $17,547,348 1,468,043 2 Baptist, Southern ..•……………… 1.24 5.78 7.02 5,702,150 26,563,537 32,265,687 4,595,602 3 Baptist, Seventh Day ……………. .. 3.79 10.45 14.24 25,736 70,968 96,704 6,793 4 Brethren, Church of ……………… . 2.23 7.89 10.12 368,269 1,300,000 1,668,269 164,784 5 Brethren in Christ, United ………..• 1.92 10.02 II.94 790,793 4,125,218 4,916,011 411,674 6 Congregational and Christian …….. . 1.57 14.10 15.66 1,613,817 14,534,449 16,148,266 1,030,914 7 Disciples of Christ ………………. .. 1.33 6.08 7.40 2,130,988 9,768,528 ll,899,516 1,607,716 8 Episcopal, Protestant ……………. . 2.53 20.26 22.79 3,437,559 27,500,570 30,938,129 1,357,496 9 Evangelical Church ………………. . .69 19.07 19.76 162,820 4,498,461 4,661,281 235,868 10 Evangelical and Reformed ………… . 2.24 II.95 14.19 1,464,002 7,796,393 9,260,395 652,668 II Lutheran Church, United …………. . 2.32 12.26 14.59 2,612,550 13,802,994 16,415,544 1,125,399 12 Lutheran Conference, American …… . 2.62 11.31 13.93 2,699,066 11,658,225 14,357,291 1,030,861 13 Lutheran Conference, Synodical …… . 2.65 10.81 13.46 2,921,804 ll,894,245 14,816,049 1,100,572 14 Lutheran, Other Synods ………….. . 1.49 7.58 9.07 123,660 627,393 751,053 82,789 15 Methodist Episcopal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. 98 14.11 16.09 7,285,917 51,788,184 59,074,101 3,671,ll5 16 Methodist Episcopal, South , ……… . 2.53 7.43 9.96 7,149,726 21,040,770 28,190,496 2,830,258 17 Muravian, North ………… , …….. . 4.86 17.38 22.24 84,603 302,234 386,837 17,392 18 Nazarene, Church of ……………… . 4.54 26.35 30.89 650,892 3,777,210 4,428,102 143,330 19 Presbyterian, United ., …………… . 7.09 16.80 23.89 1,276,683 3,025,969 4,302,652 180,065 20 Presbyterian, U. S, (So,) ………….. . 5.18 16.40 21.58 2,579,108 I 8,162,139 10,741,247 497,816 21 Presbyterian, U. S. A………. , ….. .. 3.58 17.64 21.23 6,823,443 33,584,4II 40,407,854 1,903,747 22 Reformed in America …….. , ……… . 3.76 19.66 23.41 598,440 3,132,064 3,730,504 159,343 23 Baptist, Ontario and Quebec …….. ,. 3.63 14.61 18.24 205,652 1 828,556 1,034,208 56,700 24 Presbyterian in Canada ………….. . 3.11 14.03 17.15 547,6331 2,467,362 3,014,995 175,824 25 United Church of Canada …………. . 3.62 14.13 17.75 2,306,259 8,995,562 11,301,821 636,547 1-.-.-.-.-..-.-.-.-. Average or total, 1938 … , …….. ,. $2.23 $11.38 $13.62 ……….. '1-.-.-.-..-.-.-..-.-1–.-.-..-.-.-..- ____A_v_e_r_a_g_e_o_r_t_o_t_a_I,_19_3_7_._._.._._._.._._'_'_"_"1__$_2_._16_ __$_1_0._9_6_ __$_1_3_,2_5_ _,_,_'_"_'_'_"_'_' _1_'_'_'_"_'_'_'_"_'_1__"_'_'_"_'_'_"_'_1__"_'_'_"_._._._. 1 1 1 _ _ _G_r_a_n_d_t_o_t_a_I,__19_3_8._._.._._._.._._.._._._._.'-'-'1-'._._.'_'_'_1_'_'_'_••_._._1_'_'_'._,_._'1 $56,151,875 _1$286,202,485 $342,354,360 25,143,316 Grand total, 1937 ….. …………. ……. .. ….. . …… $53,793,095 $272,964,745 $330,040,935 21,909,550

and the World's Crisis*

By INABELLE GRAVES COLEMAN, Richmond, Va.

Editorial Secretary of the Foreign Mission Board of the Southern Baptist Convention THOUSANDS, even millions of Christians When the first mISSIOnaries came to Yintak, around the world are celebrating milestones the present young people's leader was a tiny lad. of victory for Christ. Numerous reports of The American children attracted him and soon prevailing privations, persecutions, perseverances he was joining them in their story hour time and personalizations of both missionaries and na- about their mother's knees. Theile stories always tional Christians evidence manifold fulfillments included Jesus and the love of God. of the petitions of the pioneers of yesteryears. The Chinese lad was held spellbound by these No missionary has claimed that he or she has stories for they were like none he had ever heard made a sacrifice or complained because of priva- before. He retold them at home. None of his tions. There are some less surrendered souls who family had ever heard of Jesus but believed that may do so, but the missionaries dwell on life's there are many gods whom one must worship sweetest moments of fellowship with the spirit of in order to be prosperous. When the boy repeated God. Many of the by-products of the privations the stories of Jesus, his family did not like the however, would not be necessary if we at home idea of adding a "foreign god" to their list. would keep closer to missionaries in prayer and in knowledge of their needs. The climax came when this eldest son came home one evening declaring that this God of the One quiet evening in far interior China a for- foreigners is the only true God. Fear filled the eign missionary and an American on a missionary family. To fail to worship the spirit of one's anjourney sat sharing with the Chinese evangelists cestors and the gods of wel:tlth, health, the kitchen, their heart yearnings for God's Kingdom. After and the cradle or the gods. of thunder and disease, a little while the group knelt to pray. In Chinese, would bring great calamity upon the family. The in English, they joined their hearts in praises and lad's grandparents forbade his ever again seeing petitions to the Father of all. When they arose the foreigners. He must forget all that the twilight had given way to darkness, and only by strangers had taught him. But the child could not the glow of a flashlight could they find the door forget. The still small voice of God's Holy Spirit leading into the night. Without apology the had found entrance to his understanding. Alhostess said "Perhaps you wonder why I have not though he had never heard what Jesus said about given you light. There is a little group of Chris- loving father or mother more than God the lad tians not far from us who had no pastor. We chose to obey God. Today, as he counsels with were giving all we could to God's work, but some- Chinese youth, he understands what persecuone happened to remember that if all of us in our tion means to some who become Christian. little church would give our oil money, there would be enough to supply food for a pastor for this little *** flock. For two months we have had no oil for our lamps. We go to bed early and get up by God's Rumania's State Church is a branch of the Rosunlight. It is a good reminder to know that we man Catholic church, and when one of that church are in physical darkness that these babes-in- comes in vital fellowship with God's Spirit and Christ may have spiritual light. We remember Christ becomes his Mediator, he no longer goes to to pray more for them as we sit in the twilight's confession. Instead of paying fees to the priests, dimming glow, and have no oil for our lamps." his free-will, love-offerings are directed toward opening for others this true way of salvation In the two-thirds of the world where paganism through Christ Jesus and naturally the priests obreigns unrelieved by the Christian message, it is ject. Asa result the Evangelical is boycotted, exnot easy for one to turn from the ancestral to iled, persecuted. follow what seems to be a foreign religion. For many that would mean exile from home, family, Far in the north of Rumania is a little missionfriends and loss of means of support. ary society that included five young girls. One sunny April morning, when the beauty of spring- Ch:i~o~~e:i~~l~~~m 1~3~.isslonary Message given during the Florida time filled their hearts with melody, softly they sang a hymn. Before the chorus was completed, a [592 ] rough knock at the door filled them with fear. An The sorrow and suffering, and death in warofficer entered and marched them off to prison torn China today cannot be described. The picfor being "a public nuisance." Locked in a room, ture of death, hunger, and distress are too terrible whose ceiling and walls were dotted with many for words. knotholes, they were commanded to count these knotholes until they collapsed. It is not easy to In spite of war, imprisonment, boycott, and subbe a Protestant in dominantly papal lands. tle persecutions, the Christians of war-torn lands, totalitarian states, and other unenlightened na- The world's youth are on the march today, but tions are loyally persevering, faithfully witnesstheir bands are not playing "Onward Christian ing to Christ their Lord and Saviour. Soldier." These youth, in many parts of Europe, are marching to the commands of dictators like Recently one hundred and fifty young people Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin. For disobedience of enlisted in special training for service under orders, they. suffer imprisonment. the leadership of Enrico Paschetto of Turin, Italy. More people were baptized into the Protestant In the prisons of Chosen there are today thou- churches of Rumania last year than during any sands of political prisoners. In Germany's con- previous year. centration camps there are said to be 100,000 men, of whom 10,000 are ministers of Christ. No one For the first time in China's history a corps of knows how many prisoners there are in Italy. In Christian medical students recently offered the Russia, imprisonment and exile have not been government their services and asked to be sent to sufficient to satisfy the dictators; many Christians the front to alleviate the suffering of their fellow have faced the firing squad. men. They are willing to risk their lives for others. One of the three hundred refugee camps Surely it matters to us that thousands of Chris- of Shanghai is located in Old North Gate Baptist tians in the world are persecuted for their loyalty Church. The day after the shelling of Natao, one to Christ. of the many missionaries who has chosen to re- main in China, braved the danger of flying shrap- Nazism that exalts a man above God; Fascism nels and stray bullets, and went over to this old that places. the State above God; Communism that church. The quietness when he entered the vesexiles God; Imperialism that claims divinity for tibule made him wonder what could create such a its emperor-all these attempt to fetter the souls silence among a multitude crowded into these of men. over-flowing quarters. He saw Pastor Y. C. Ching standing in the midst of this homeless, hun- Because Martin Niemoller preached from the gry crowd of crushed sorrowing humanity, readtext, "We ought to obey God rather than man," ing the 23rd Psalm. How could these people deshe was tried for treason and today he suffers in a titute, desperate, wounded, snatched from death "concentration camp prison." If he had said, that claimed their loved ones, understand those "We ought to obey Hitler instead of God," his fate words about the Lord as a Shepherd, from the would have been reversed. Over the beautiful psalmist? gates of one of Germany's oldest universities once was the challenge to youth: "To the living Spirit Then he remembered the words: "Surely He of the Eternal God." Now the word "God" has shall not fail nor be discouraged until He hath set been chiselled out, and "Germany" has been mor- his justice in all the earth, and the isles shall wait ticed in its place. for His law?"

Christians cannot be unaware of these facts. Calmly the missionary wove his way through The cause of Christ must be promoted with knowl- the mass of humanity until he stood by the calm edge of the conditions that affect missions and Christian pastor. Putting his arm about Mr. hinder or help the progress of the Kingdom. Ching's shoulders, the West and East, the white and the yellow races, brothers in Christ, testified "The Beauties of War" is the title of a recent to the fact that "The Lord is my shepherd." book from the pen of Mussolini's son, who has barely reached his majority. He depicts a spring- Faithfulness to Christ prevails in these lands time airplane flight through the heaven's blue of persecution and trial around the world. skies of Ethiopia. In the morning sunshine he spies a village of peasants-only women and chil- The Chinese ideograph for America is composed dren for all of the men and boys have gone to of a combination of characters meaning literally fight the intruding army. The young aviator "Beautiful Country to the West." Most of the drops a bomb on the peasants and with a laugh world thinks of the United States as a land synsoars above the dust and death he has created. onymous with beautiful freedom and delightful liberty. The eyes of the world are upon "Chris- Such hellish delight is incomprehensible to a tian America," as the United States is frequently Christian. Those thus destroyed lived in the land called by Christians of other lands where America of Abyssinia, the oldest nation to claim the name and her sins are not well known. "Christian."

At the Nanking home of Dr. Sun F'o in 1936, At a university luncheon in Nanking the Ameriwhen he was the head of the legislative depart: can guest sat next to a Chinese leader in Nanment of the National Government of China, a king's civic and social service work. Recalling group of Americans found their host in his office. their college days in America, they remembered Dr. Sun still wore his shaded reading glasses. that both of them had met at the Y. W. C. A. Before him were two opened books: a Bible, Camp at Blue Ridge a decade ago. (opened to the Proverbs of Solomon), and the Constitution of the United States of North "How did you come to give up the missionary America. With these pages before him, this Chi- call that burned so radiantly in your life then?" nese scholar and statesman was drafting the new ventured the American. constitution for the Republic of China. With national courtesy the Chinese woman hesi- A passenger on the Atlantic was coming to one tated, but the American urged her to forget Oriof the largest cities of the United States to teach ental politeness and to be Americanly-frank, for his native tongue. By calling, and in fifteen years she was asking the question for reasons deeper of service, he was a Christian minister and he had than curiosity. never taught school before. "Then, for Christ's sake, I shall tell you. As a "I would not have left my people-they need college girl in China I was very happy with the me now more than ever, but the churches are thought of going to America to be with and study closed; scores of preachers, who have dared to with people who love God. The night before our preach in spite of the government's repression, ship touched the United States, I did not even have landed in jail. But there is much we can do take off my clothes. I prayed all night. My heart without preaching in a pulpit. We can go from was full to bursting. I prayed three things: I h.ouse to house breaking the Bread of Life. Quiet- praised God over and over for such a privilege to ly we can shepherd our flocks. But my lad's come to Christian America; I prayed to be worthy mother died last summer. She was training him to set my feet upon America's soil-I felt so unto worship and encouraging him to be a Christian worthy; and I prayed for an open heart and mind in spite of Naziism. I was afraid to have the boy to receive the blessings of learning that I might grow up in a land that has exiled God. It is also be like the missionaries who come from this for the lad that I am coming to America. I want beautiful country to which I was now privileged him to have the blessings of growing up in Chris- to come. Then, but-" and her voice broke. tian America." Humiliated by the world's personalization of an Christian America? One trembles and prays! America unworthy of such admiration and es- May those who personalize and idealize America teem, Christians are moved by a renewed zeal to and call her people Christian, not be disillusioned! respond more faithfully to the aching heart of humanity.

The Prime Needs of a City Church By REV. G. H. BECHTOLD, D.D., Philadelphia -otil Executive Secretary, Board of Inner Missions, Evangelical Lutheran Church M OST Protestant congregations begin in supported by the congregation, usually support promising neighborhoods, in a growing themselves and are a source of support for the community of new homes and new fam- congregation. While the congregation grows and ilies. The folks have brought with them some prospers, it never outgrows its early manner of tradition of church attendance and join their new living. With the rapid changes in our modern friends and neighbors in erecting a new church urban life it suddenly finds itself panic stricken. building. For a longer or shorter period of time People are leaving the neighborhood and a differtheir chief occupation is paying the debt and rais- ent class of persons is coming in. Raising money ing the pastor's salary. Some city congregations for local expense and getting new members has not never get beyond that stage. In one communion. succeeded in permeating the community with the Gospel. Money raising devices may have made the over 80 % of the entire income was used for local congregation a nuisance to the small business man. Finally the congregation prepares to move to a expenses, interest, and liquidating debts. The Bible schpol and youth activities, instead of being

THE PRIME NEEDS OF A CITY CHURCH

"more promising" neighborhood. This is a drab tion. People have more leisure and more forms picture, but we need to examine ourselves before of amusement than ever. Amusement resorts proceeding to the building of a constructive pro- cater to capacity crowds but so do our hospitals for gram for action. mental diseases. The Church has a legitimate field in providing the plan and the opportunity for A change of attitude is a prime necessity in a clean pastimes. Music, dramatics and sports are truly Christian program. We read "My house health outlets for pent-up spirits. Folks learn to shall be called a house of prayer for all people." know one another better and are more ready to As a matter of fact, the average Protestant church work together in the serious work of Kingdom is chiefly a "house for the respectable middle building. In one large city church the older men class." We reach neither the very rich nor the were organized into twenty quoit teams. They very poor, although they are there among us. At played every night during the summer, becoming times, groups of congregations make a survey of better acquainted with each other, and in an in- their neighborhoods, but often that gives the indi- formal way, with the program of the church. vidual congregation no accurate picture of its field. Surveys must be made, in order that we may know For nineteen centuries the Christian Church who the people are who live in our parish. has been the St. Elizabeth of the needy. The vast State relief programs have overshadowed the work In every neighborhood there are static as well of the Church. Nevertheless only her persistent as moving elements in the population. Among benevolence has made it possible for the State to those who are static we find the conservative well- carryon on such a colossal scale. What the Church to-do, who were once active in the local church. lacks in funds she possesses in the miraculous Another group could not keep up the pace; they power of multiplying the loaves and the fishes. stayed in the neighborhood, but out of the church. Unemployment has had a devastating effect on In every community there are hidden treasures the life of all classes in the community. Lack of waiting to be turned up. There is a glaring illus- jobs causes lack of funds. Pride has kept many tration in the case of the aged widow in Philadel- former members out of the church. While it is phia for whose millions hundreds of hungry heirs laudable to say "Come whether you have money are squabbling, but for whose soul no church or not," what many really need is a job. Here we seemed to have any concern. have fallen down. Congregational employment committees cooperating with a community Free Having learned the possibilities of a field, the Employment Bureau conducted by the denomina- congregation must look at itself. Having gath- tion have sometimes been the means of finding ered the facts, the congregation must adopt a new work for hundreds in private and public positions. attitude of determination and optimism. First of all, its equipment must not look run down at the Social and economic changes afford the city heel. Many city churches were erected in the days church an opportunity to provide an outlet for the when folks had large families and when every exchange of ideas. In many cases, discussion one went to church. groups have taken the place of old debating clubs. People like to talk about present-day problems. People are conscious of a building that is clean In most congregations, there are one or more col- and well lighted and warm on cold days. lege graduates capable of conducting such a group. One danger is that the pastor may monop- Adequate and decent housing is one of the sta- bilizing factors in a city church. When the newly- oJize the time. Give the people a chance to answer weds can find a modern home close to the old home back. Our Lord had a deep concern for the physi- they will stay. If the family which has risen from cal welfare of the people; Christians may have poverty (are there any such today?) can find a no less. But what of the Gospel? Many sermons more comfortable dwelling among the old neigh- are only husks. The text often provides a peg on . bors they will remain. The church should have a which the preacher hangs his personal views. live interest in the enforcement of housing and What most people want is an authoritative presen- zoning laws, in order that she as well as her neigh- tation of the Scriptures in simple Anglo-Saxon. bors can live happily. It is more constructive to In many cases we have secularized the Church have some unsanitary condition corrected than to with such themes as "Patriotic Grandfathers' pay for the burial expenses of an innocent child Day," "Rocking Chair Sunday," and other cheap victim. tricks to draw a crowd. Worth-while services and messages send folks home with the conviction that People also need to be taught how to live in a they have been with God. home. Despite all the new fangled devices to lighten the "drudgery of housekeeping," nothing A church open every day, ministering to its has yet been invented to take the place of intel- neighbors all the day, is an answer to the prob- ligence. lem. True leadership involves surrounding one- self with an efficient force of workers. Instead of In most parishes in a city, nickelodeons, gramo- phones and player pianos started the process of drying up the wells of wholesome family recrea-

one pastor in a large city church there should be source of lay activity we could turn the ebbing three or four. Experience has shown that not tide in the city churches.

only the unchurched but many of our best work- We also need to cultivate the lost art of singing.

ers are in need of intense pastoral care. Mean- One small city church that we know, with a mem- while the solitary pastor is shackled by a multi-' bership of only 200 had three excellent choirs, an- tude of details that call for trained workers. other larger congregation has fifteen. Not only While every city church has audiences and or- have they served to hold together the group, ganizations, what it needs is worshipers who also spread the appreciation of good music, stimulated are workers, evangelists or deacons in the sense the singing of the congregation, but also they have of Acts 6: 3. City church societies should repre- sung the Gospel into hearts of many.

sent the spirit of Christian fellowship and be the In a community where there are people the training school for volunteer workers. In Ger- prime necessity of the city church is to believe in many the Protestant Church societies have had its mission to permeate and dominate the commu- more than three million volunteers ready at a nity with the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ, moment's notice for any service. With such a preached, lived and practiced.

Evangelistic Work in Ludhiana Hospital By D. M. PAYNE, Evangelist Memorial Hospital, Ludhiana, Pan;ab CHRISTIAN medical work brings us into been educated in a mission school, and would like touch with all classes of non-Christians- to read the Gospel story over again very carefully. Hindus, Mohammedans and Sikhs. Our ap- He bought a Gospel, and asked her to pray that proach to these people through our medical and as he reads Christ will reveal His full light to him health work is a very effective means of reaching so that he may find salvation and peace of heart. them with the Gospel message. In the hospital, where patients stay for a shorter or longer period, We also found this same earnest seeking after we have a unique opportunity of seeing their re- the truth as revealed in Christ, on the part of a action to the message and of finding out their atti- Hindu whose wife was admitted to the hospital for tude to Christ. Not only the patients, but their several weeks. He bought a Bible saying that he relatives, too, both men and women, have an op- had read it while in a mission school as a boy, but portunity of hearing the message day by day. had paid no attention to its teachings then. Now, however, he was anxious to read it over again very Many these days are buying copies of the Scrip- carefully from beginning to end. Another edutures and seem genuinely anxious to find out about cated Hindu, a master in a high school, whose wife these things for themselves. I think it is not an was in the hospital for some time, said that he exaggeration to say that there is a real spirit of had a Bible at home which he was in the habit of enquiry abroad in India just now on the part of reading to his wife and children. A text hanging many, who are dissatisfied with what their own on the wall of the ward, "The wages of sin is religion has to offer them, and this is causing them death, but the gift of God is eternal life through, to study: the Scriptures and listen with eagerness Jesus Christ our Lord" attracted his attention, and to the message of salvation through Christ. I one day he said, "Will you explain the meaning have, personally, met very few non-Christians of it to me? I have been pondering over it for the during my twelve years of service in this country last two days.'" who are really satisfied with their own religion, and can testify to having found the truth. On the The Hindu doctrine of Karma (salvation by contrary, I have met many who are ready to con- works) is a hopeless one, and it seems that some fess that they are in search of truth. of the thoughtful Hindus are wistfully looking to Christ for salvation that does not depend on the A short time ago the father of one of our Mo- self-effort of weak humanity. Our experienced hammedan patients was listenfng to the Gospel Bible worker, who visits among the "zenana" message while on a visit to his daughter. As the women in the city, reports that among the Hindus Biblewoman was preaching about the death and a number have given up the worship of idols and resurrection of Christ, he exclaimed, "Quite true! long pilgrimages to bathe in the Ganges to remove Quite true!" Afterwards he told her that he had the stain of sin. To some of these she has been

EVANGELIST WORK IN LUDHIANA HOSPITAL

preaching Christ for years. In some instances Him as a prophet, but since I have learnt more of their husbands have joined the Arya Somaj Com- Him during my stay here, I now know that He munity-an advanced sect of Hindus-who, in is the Son of God, and my Saviour from sin." Her spite of having given up idol worship and other eldest son, whose right it is to take the important old customs and superstitions, have still not set- position occupied by his father, refuses to do so tled the sin problem. Many are looking and long- because he says their religious teachers are false, ing for a manifestation of God in the flesh, the and rob the people whom they are supposed to coming of a Divine Being who is perfectly pure teach and shepherd. He says that his "two eyes and holy. Some of the women whom she has been have become four" since reading the Bible. teaching, have accepted Christ. One very significant fact in regard to the atti- The Mohammedans look upon Christ as one of tude of non-Christians towards Christianity, is their prophets, and reverence Him as such, but that they expect a higher standard of love and of do not believe that He died on the Cross to save life from Christians. sinners and think it is blasphemous to speak of Him as the Son of God. However we have come EIGHT CHRISTIAN COLLEGES FOR across a number whose hearing or reading of the WOMEN IN ASIA Word has had considerable effect on them, so that their ideas of Christ as taught them by their own There are eight Union Christian Colleges for religious teachers are changing, and one comes Women in the Far East. St. Christopher'S across many who have come to realize that He is Training College at Madras, India, opened in indeed the Son of God and Saviour of the World, 1923, has now an enrolment of 93 young women although only one here and there has actually with a practice school of 454 pupils. Its gradutaken the step of baptism, while there are a large ates are scattered all over India, teaching in number who are searching the Scriptures and are schools and colleges, in Christian, Hindu and gradually coming into the Light. A Mohammedan, Government institutions. a Police Officer, said to me the other day, Between three and four hundred Japanese "Since I have realized that Christ ..alone of our young women are studying at the Woman's prophets was born of the Holy Spirit, I have felt Christian College of Tokyo. Scholastic training compelled to make a study of His life and claims." is accompanied by practical Christian service.

A Mohammedan student who was in training in Ginling College recently at Nanking, China is our hospital for three and one-half years, recently having a desperate struggle and is operating in came to visit us, and said that the things she three units-one at St. John's College in Shanglearnt of Christ while here she has been passing hai, one at Hwa Chung College and a third at on to others. She said she was working in a part West China University, Chengtu. of the Panjab where many people have not heard the Gospel message, and invited us to go there Yenching College (co-educational) is operatand preach. This we did and found some who are ing within the Japanese lines at Peiping, China. really searching for the truth, and who took The enrolment is smaller than for some years. copies of the Scriptures to read. Others, to whom she had passed on what she had learnt of Christ Cheeloo University (Shantung) has had to as Saviour, are ready to come out on His side, abandon its buildings at Tsinan, but its doctors, and to acknowledge their faith before others in nurses and students are still serving the sufferbaptism. After we returned to Ludhiana a letter ing Chinese. came from a Mohammedan convert, whose home is in that area, begging us to come again, because, Isabella Thoburn College, Lucknow, India, has he said "The harvest is really ripe." He also enrolled 214 students; these include girls who added, "I explain about Christ, my Redeemer, to have never been out of p1;trdah before coming to the people of my blood, who are really very fond college and girls who haie never been in school of hearing the message," and then goes on to say, before. Its graduates ~re scattered all over "Most of this country is populated by Moham- India. medans, who regard the Lord as prophet. The only thing that is to be done is to get them to The Woman's Christian College at Madras, realize his Omnipotence." India, prepares for medicine and the higher branches of learning. Many of its students take Another hospital patient, the widow of a big graduate work in America or England. religious leader a m 0 n g the Mohammedans through hearing the Christian message daily, de- Missionary Medical College for Women at Velclared that she has given her allegiance to Christ lore, South India, is . .veIl known through the since hearing about these things. To quote her work of Dr. Ida Scudder. Here seventy young own words, she said, "Before coming here I knew women are in training for a life of service in a country where women doctors are especially needed. The roadside clinic run by this medical school serves a large community.

-The Church Woman.

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.~ ij Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MISS GRACE 'vY. McGAvRAN, 5718 OAK AVE., INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA ~'==I===========~='IJi OHRISTMAS GIFTS materials to use; for ways of tions. Use the books that are on working are prepared by the your shelves in a conscious ef- "There is so little we can real- various peace organizations of fort to preserve the will to peace. ly do for peace," mourned a the country. Choose one organrather short-sighted member of ization and keep in touch with it. Oooperate With the Ohildren a women's missionary society. Use as many of its ideas as you can profitably put into effect. in Study "There are, on the contrary," s u g g e s te d another, "several How Many Books on Peace We often fail to have a vital things." relationship between agencies Has Your Library? in the same church, doing the "Such as?" same thing. The following in- "Object to the sale of war toys Public libraries, missionary li- teresting report from a church for children in our neighborhood braries, libraries of the church in Oklahoma shows how a really stores; give some thought to buy- school departments, private li- valuable connection may be ing for your own children books braries, all these should have made. The Primary children which will aid world friendship, some good recent materials on were given the feeling that what and toys that emphasize con- Peace. A very practical thing they themselves were doing was structive enterprises; and think you can do is to have someone of real concern to grown-ups. out a definite way of helping really interested in peace educa- Their study must have gained them to decide to lay aside war tion make a classified list of what added dignity. The adults were toys which may come to them is available and where, and for made familiar with what chilfrom thoughtless relatives and what age groups. The young peo- dren can do in a field quite unfriends." ple might cooperate in this. known to themselves in their The first member had the Late winter is a good time for a own childhood. grace to blush. "Just to do those special reading campaign on the three things would: take more subject. Books may vary from "The Primary children recentthinking and a bit more courage the short but emphatic, "War is ly completed a study of World than I've given the cause of a Racket," by General Smedley Peace based on the course prepeace yet," she admitted frank- D. Butler, to the interesting but pared by Mrs. Elizabeth Loly. "I'm glad you called my rather difficult, "Power of Non- bingier-'Ship East-Ship West' bluff. I'll get busy at it, I prom- Violence," by Richard Gregg. and the accompanying teacher's ise you." Or it may include, "Ship East- guide. This project was carried Ship West," a book for 1st, 2nd on during the departmental ses- What specific task for world and 3rd grade children by Eliza- sions of the Sunday church peace are you laying before your beth Lobingier, which has facts school and a regular weekly group? Is it something each one and stories qui t e interesting meeting of the children of this can do if she has a mind to? Is enough for use with adults to department. Stories, dramatizait something the value of which whom they are unfamiliar. It tions, e x p lor at ion of Bible she will see? Is it something will do mothers and fathers a verses, investigations of facts whose cumulative effect will be real amount of good to read relative to the cost of war, the noticeable? Is it something that some of these new children's creation of peace bridges and demands a bit of courage or de- books on peace. "Broken Guns," other memorials erected between termination? There is something by Eleanor Brainard is another. f r i end I y nations, discussions every person can do. Find it, It is for Junior children. centering around methods of livput it before the group, follow ing together in peaceful relait up and report if possible on In this period when the world tions, were among the activities results. hangs on the edge of general con- of work carried on during this flict it is essential, if we are at study. Make Use of Peace all interested in ultimate peace, Organizations that we use the written word to "At the close of their work keep people's minds turned to together, the chi 1d r en had Many excellent and detailed the possible ways of cooperative charge of the peace program of suggestions for programs on dealing with each other as na- the Women's Missionary Society peace; for lines of action; for of their church. At that time the [598 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

things which they had learned Peace in an exhibit being sponsored by and done during their study to- the group. gether were shared with the Peace in our time, 0 Lord, older members of their church To all the peoples-Peace! (3) Some young people, wantin a most effective way. Peace surely based upon Thy Will And built in righteousness. ing to make quoted material viv- "As a concrete expression of id, memorized a paragraph each their interest in world peace, the Thy power alone can break and gave it, in proper sequence boys and girls are packing two The fetters that enchain with all the dignity, emphasis suitcases to be sent to the Com- The sorely-stricken soul of life, mittee on World Friendship And make it live again. and effectiveness they could com- Among Children – one for a mand. Voices which contrasted Spanish girl, and the other for a Too long mistrust and fear and personal characteristics Spanish boy. While this study Have held our souls in thrall; which differed gave emphasis to as such has been completed, the Sweep through the earth, keen breath it and helped prevent any feelleaders of this group feel that ing of monotony. much more can be discovered of heaven, about this subject, and will con- And sound a nobler call! (4) One group wanting to tinue to carry the peace emphasis in their church program."- Come, as Thou didst of old, reach the larger church body, In love so great that men with the cooperation of the pas- Mrs. Grant Truman, Supt. of the Shall cast aside all other gods tor printed a paragraph in the And turn to Thee again! church bulletin e a c h week. Primary Department. Church members were urged to 0, shall we never learn Are your adults familiar with The truth all time has taught,- save the bulletins and reread as the mission study being carried That without God as architect a whole the entire message thus out by younger groups in the Our building comes to naught? given them. church? Are they helping the children and young people to feel Lord, help us, and inspire (5) Another group sends out that these things they are study- Our hearts and lives, that we ing are more than just matters May build, with all Thy wondrous an occasional valuable piece of of childhood interest? Why not material by mail to every memplan various occasions when the gifts, ber on the roll. It is mimeochildren's leader can say to the A Kingdom meet for Thee! graphed, as is the short accomchildren, "The· women of the panying letter, and goes for very missionary society (or the men Peace in our time, 0 Lord, little postage. of the Bible class) are interested To all the peoples-Peace! in this, too. They are working Peace that shall build a glad new You might use the paragraphs at it. Would you like to go to their next meeting and tell them world, below in one of these ways. And some of the interesting and And make for life's increase. keep on the lookout for vivid and worth-while things. we have dis- helpful and forceful quotations covered?" The sense of oneness o Living Christ, who still from other sources for similar in the great world-wide task of use. To stimulate thinking is the Church which results from Dost all our burdens share, among the most important of the such interchange is valuable in itself. It also strengthens each COofmaellnmowenanedvedrwywelhl ewreit!h*in the hearts tasks of missionary education. group participating. How Use Quotations "War is not born in a field or be- Sing Hymns of Peace hind a wall, or in a drafting room. Below you will find some very It is born in the mind of a man, or in We have had few hymns in our pertinent paragraphs on the the minds of many men. It is later on actual worship which are def- causes of war and the creation that it becomes bombs and cannon and initely related to a desire for of attitudes toward peace. They the tread of men on the march. peace. It is time we were using are part of an article by W. W. some of them. Reid. "While ideas that give rise to war are allowed to germinate in the human A comparatively new hymn One wishes that all the mem- mind-and are carefully incubated by by John Oxenham, sung to the bers of one's missionary group popular ignorance, by a jingo press, tune so familiar to us all, "Dia- or of the church might have by all the proponents of greed, hate, demata" or "Crown Him with them. There are several ways fear and jealousy, by a warped mili- in which different Qrganizations tarism and 'patriotism,' and, also, too Many Crowns" is given here.* have secured general reading of often in the schoolroom and in the such paragraphs. pulpit-we may fully anticipate the • Printed copies of it may be obtained only known fruit of such germination: from A. Weekes and Co., Ltd., 13-14, Han- (1) Mimeographed copies of wars, more wars, and worse wars. over St., London, W. 1. gngland. Send an similar material was prepared international postal money order for 2 sbil- for one meeting. Its unison "Treaties, solemn pledges, high relings and 6 pence (about sixty cents) for 250 reading was planned as part of solves and reason are powerless before copies. Or for 500 copies send 3 shillings the program. Each member was the causes of war found in the human and 6 pence. The notation says post free. asked to take it home and medi- mind. Until the mind of a whole But you might suggest in YOUI' letter that tate further upon it. world-wide generation is changed, we if postage to foreign countries is extra, they cannot hope for lasting peace. An deduct it from the amount and spnd fewer (2) A member of one group 'embargo' is but war with newer copies. made a series of posters each weapons! Increased armaments pro- carrying in vivid lettering a voke added hate and fear-new causes short paragraph. She used these of conflict! Physical disarmament- in presenting a short talk on the without disarmament of mind and theme. The posters were later spirit-leaves us like our ancestors used, placed in consecutive order who yet warred without the tools of modern combat! • Copyright by The Ohristian Centwry In 1,000 Quotable Poems. Used by permission. "To keep any generation out of war, we must teach it a new philosophy. The whole strength of school, home,

church and the channels of public very familiar one "Uncle Sam box of hanging-tinsel was pro- OpInIOn must be geared together in Needs You," (The picture of vided but by common consent, this educational task-as they now Uncle Sam pointing straight at not used. Some of the mothers gear together when war is to be pro- you). Find a contrast such as and fathers had bought a couple moted. The new teaching emphasis the Poster of the Emergency of strings of electric lights. must be a p p 1i e d simultaneously Peace Campaign of 1937-1938, throughout the world: for peace can- "For What?" (A young man What was the point? They not reign anywhere while the roots of were preparing their gift to a conflict grow in any land. tied to the mouth of the cannon.) near-by city mission, so that the Arrange these against s 0 m e children there might have a tree "One remembers the technique of to enjoy, which was just the fitting the American mind into a war background the size, shape and same tree as they had enj oyed. program in 1917. . . . The success color of an army blanket, with If you could have heard the joy- of that propaganda is now history…. 1917 in large letters over one, ful, "I think they'll like this But if these same instruments of ornament!" and "We'll let them propaganda are used to promote peace, and 1937-38 over another. Be- put on the tinsel-hanging be- they can just as readily-perhaps tween them run the legend. cause we might lose some if we more readily-insure understanding "War is futile. Help us find the used it now," or "It's the nicest and appreciation and cooperation, and Christian way." tree we ever had!" Personal? war will be impossible. Their pride and happiness in it N ow for the display of your had no bounds. It was some- "Suppose we have a misunderstand- contrasts.1 Mounted on beaver thing far more than a gesture of ing, or difference of opinion, or an eco- board, they may be slid one at a giving. Every thing on it had nomic or territorial dispute with some time across an opening in your been selected with the idea of foreign power. Suppose our news- s tag e curtains-dramatically giving delight. papers have their best journalists pre- Rent equally well both sides of the dif- lighted-with the audience in All cannot have children give ference. Suppose the cartoonists, the the dark-as part of a program decorated Christmas trees. But movie men, the radio announcers, the on peace. you can arrange for whatever teachers in their classes, the preachers personal gift they are making at in their pulpits, and the orators of 2. Hire an empty store and set Christmas to have in its prep- all parties extol the virtues of the up the display for Friday and aration, and completion, the .. people with whom we differ; picture same thoughtfulness, and delight the good of their civilization, their Saturday. Hang curtains over in sharing. artistic contribution to mankind, the the windows till you are ready reasonableness of their point of view- to display. In this event you A Look at Future Plans perhaps their very needs for new will want to have an easily-read lands to feed increasing- populations. statement on your group's atti- Pages such as these must be Suppose dolls representing the chil- tude toward war where the win- planned months ahead. There dren of that land replaced guns and dow gazers can read it after are so many lines along which tin soldiers as toys; its pictures and looking at the posters. Someone we might search for effective songs and stories were used from kin- might smash the window, so be methods of working! dergarten to college; the theatres and prepared to pay damages. schools gave plays and displays re- You will find a wealth of in- countin~ that land's history and cus- A Very Personal Gift teresting and helpful suggestion toms' and aspirations. In fact, sup- among the following themes to nose every agency thought and worked Feeling that the children's giv- which we hope to be able to give for peace and understanding. prominence in the months men- ing at Christmas was not very tioned. "In such an atmosphere, commis- sions representing both countries could personal, a Junior Superintend- January-General Plans. easily reach a conclusion of the diffi- February-How to Make Effective culty that would be satisfactory to all. ent planned a bit of Christmas Recourse to arms would be un- Contacts with Missionaries, Mis- dreamed of. sharing in a new way. They sion Leaders and Nationals. March-The Local Church and Its "This is not a small task. Rather themselves always had a Christ- Missionary Program. it is the greatest task of the human April-Various Matters of Interest. race, the task of all governments and mas tree at their Christmas May-Plans for Summer Effective- of all peoples thinking and working ness. cooperatively. It is not to be attained party. Thig year they saved June-Helps for the Home Missions without cost. Into its cost govern- Study. ments will have to transfer many of money to buy an extra big one. July-Visual Education in Missions. the millions now spent in war-produc- Septembm'-Effective Publicity for ing armaments. It was left without a decoration Missionary Events. October-Helps for Our Foreign Mis- "What if one generation today on it. sions Study. 'sacrifices' all its pomps and vanities N ovember-Stewardship. that a thousand coming generations As the boys. and girls arrived December-The Enrichment of the may live!" Devotional Life. for the party, each carried some Twenty Years After Have you used effective meth- Christmas tree ornament or dec- ods along these lines? If so, kind- Rolled away in somebody's at- ly let the Department Editor tic in your town are some of oration. It was either a new one hear of them. those wonderful war posters of 1917-1918. They were superb in chosen and bought by the child their appeal. Emotionally they did just what they were intended especially for this occasion, or it to do. was one in good condition from Why not use them now for peace education? Here's how! his own home tree. .

Choose a poster such as the What fun they had decorating that tree. Some time was spent making extra decorations. A 1 Various posters against war may be bought from The National Council for Pre- vent:on of "-ar. 532 Seventeenth St.. N. W .. Washington. D. C. Write for descriptions and prices.

BULLETIN

Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~'================~ij THE STRANGER IN OUR MIDST-THE MIGRANT!

"Away in the Manger, finds in some instances sixteen They Starve That We No crib for his bed . persons living in a one-room May Eat t shack; the only drinking water TTamp-Tramp-Tramp available that which is sold from Shall this continue to be true a filling station at five cents a or will you, and you, and you, Can you hear the Migrants as quart; a destitute mother and who eat fresh and canned vegethey move across the country in baby shipped as freight half-way tables and fruits gathered for search of shelter, employment, across the country to join a hus- you by the Migrants become schools for their children, hospi- band in an endless trek of six- their champion! It is imperative talization for the ill members of week jobs and twelve-week peri- that we as Christians and as their families; for sanitation, ods of looking for it! citizens see that the more than simple justice from individuals two million Migrants in America like you and me who eat the veg- For generations this condition have the right to work and live etables they gather. On foot, in has existed-ever since railroads as human beings. old cars, in and under freight and refrigerators made it postrains many come great dis- sible for neighborhood markets SIX A. M. AT THE NURSERY tances in expectation of short- to obtain tropical fruits in Jantime jobs gathering peas, beans, uary and vegetables the year Does Your Church Know? tomatoes, lettuce, cranberries, around. asparagus, cotton, sugar beets, How the Council of Women apricots, hops, and other vege- Recent years have added for Home Missions, representing tables, small fruits, and fisheries greatly to the number of Mi- twenty-three national women's here and elsewhere. grants due to floods, droughts, denominational Boards is at- share-cropper eviction, and most tempting to meet this problem? Through the pressure of pub- recently the tractor. Where the If not, make it your business to lic opinion the families of the tractors are appearing the rural secure for your pastor, your city slums can turn to the clinic, landscape is strewn with abanthe visiting nurse, the relief doned houses. Residents in west- • Quoted from an artiCle on Migrants by agencies, the school, or the ern Texas explain as they point: Paul ·S. Taylor, of the University of Calichurch and receive help because "There used to be two families fornia, entitled "What Shall We Do with they are members of an organ- out there. The tractor got both Them ?" April, 1938. ized community. But not so with the Migrant families – always SUPPER FOR THE FAMILY OF ELEVEN t "They Starve that We May Eat" is the "strangers in our midst." Un- These meals must be prepared in the early protected by law he is barely in title of a valuable booklet on Migrant work the consciousness of the public. morning before going to the fields compiled by Edith E. Lowry, and published Public opinion is not aroused to by the Missionary Education Movement and the :plight of this segment of of them. . . . That farm has the Councll of Women for Home Missions, Amedcan life. As a result one made a living for a family ever price 35 cents. since the land was broke. . . . The tractors are keeping our families from making a living." * [ 601 ]

Barbara Green make out someway until tomorrow al- would like to read something. He said though Dorothy had cried all night; he would and picked out Peter Rabbit. STORY HOUR FOLLOWS WORSHIP and they had no money. . . . Worker It was a sight to see him sitting there, AT TEN O'CLOCK saw the county doctor in —. He absorbed, mouthing his way through is not too vitally interested, but told a book he should have been able to Missionary Society President, her to use bread and milk poultice and read with ease seven or eight years your Sunday School Superin- bring Dorothy to him tomorrow and ago. But at least he can read it now tendent, and your young people's he would make no charge. Worker and that is something." leader full information by writ- told Father this on way back. If he ing to the Council of Women for does not see to it, perhaps worker will "A large majority of the children Home Missions, 297 Fourth take her." in these camps do not attend school. Avenue, New York, N. Y. What Of course they do not want to attend a force for public opinion we "We had a rummage sale. Many and, as a superintendent of one of the could be if every church made of the parents came. It gave them a schools said, 'If they did all come I the story of the Migrant a con- chance to see the Center as well as don't know where we would put them.' cern of that entire church! get clothing for the family. Most But they do not all come and never articles were sold for 5 cents, a few will unless local communities make a The following excerpts are things were 10 cents. Some of the point of seeing that they come by enfrom reports of the fifty-three parents said, looking around, 'No won- forcing compulsory school attendance." projects in thirteen states where der the kids like to come here so the Council of Women for Home well!' " "We were all ready for our trip to Missions with the aid of trained the Museum. The group of ten was volunteers has been a construc- Barbara Green just a good number. First we went to tive force in the life of the CLEAN-UP COMES JUST BEFORE LUNCH! the Park, and for awhile the boys kept Migrant: busy at the playground. We had "Today I had an extensive talk with lunch near the pond. The one diffi- Christmas Eve in a Cotton Claire on religion, I, a Baptist and she culty was that the boys wanted to Camp a Catholic. Her interest and knowl- catch the goldfish in the pond. They edge were astounding. The conversa- roamed around and looked at the vari- "We came to play Santa Claus in a tion was not one of proselyting, but ous things in the park, and then we small way-in a small way of neces- rather one of sharing. Religious con- all walked down to the Children's sity because of the almost insurmount- versation is not in any degree so taboo Museum. We saw colored slides of able task that is presented. Proper here as on the college campus. . . . the West first, and then movies of the clothing, nourishing food, warm As young as they are we get into good desert, South America, and the Far shelter. The cabins are built on the discussions on religion. They told me West. The boys were really interested ground and with rough boards covered today that they thought I would go to and enjoyed the exhibits. They seemed with dirt for the floor. An old garbage heaven even though I didn't tell my to be quite enthusiastic about the can turned upside down serves for a sins to a priest." whole trip. . . . At eight o'clock the stove, and a pile of cotton with a piece children's choir sang one of their new of canvas thrown over it is known as "Our men were forced to strike this songs for devotion and did very well. the bed. This is the winter home of morning When 'thousands' of cars … The dance later in the evening four children and their parents who came tearing in to drive them out of was a huge success, though there was pick cotton when the weather permits. the fields. They are striking for a some tension when the orchestra did . . . From churches, Missionary So- fifty-cent raise for the pickers. We not arrive on time. Someone esticieties and other organizations have stuck around until the tobacco in the mated that there were four hundred come toys, clothing and food which is shed was all used up then went home. people there as dancers or spectators." distributed to every household. . . . If . . . Back to work this morning. The those who have contributed could have boys only got a twenty-five-cent raise. "Workers were putting the rest of heard the cries of joy and glee, and . . . They didn't want the strike in the children to sleep, while B, M, and seen how tickled these children were the first place. These people certainly J were doing dishes. When they went as we handed the gifts to them from ought to be organ'zed that they may out they found a note on the, refrigour trucks they would, I am sure, feel better understand their needs. But erator, 'Dear teachers, we have moped fully repaid and realize that their sac- first of all must come education. Four every bit of the kitchen flour. It is rifices were not in vain." boys accused of leading our strike real clean. B-M-J.''' were fired." "Dorothy has a badly infected "We fold our hands and softly say finger. Worker stopped to see her "Jack is a bright looking lad of fif- Mother and urged her to take Dor- teen. The worker asked him if he Thanksgiving for our food this day." othy to the doctor. The mother said she had been told she would have to Don't have your concert first, and then tune your instrument; begin the day with the Word of God, and get into harmony with Him.-J. Hudson Taylor.

Christmas Story for

A CHILD'S CHRISTMAS IN never had opportunity to talk it White ought to tell it, since he BETHLEHEM with some one his own age. is a real teacher," said Micah's mother. By VIOLET WOOD, NEW YORK Although he felt very shy, he approached the man and "N0," said Dr. White. "You Micah had anxiously watched asked timidly, "Please, may I come from people with a rich the sky all afternoon. An air- help carry your bags?" tradition in poetry and beauty. plane had sailed by, but even It will be wonderful to hear you that failed to shake his gloom. "You speak English!" cried tell the Christmas story." The clouds remained and he the little girl. "Do you live was very much disappointed. here ?" So, after they had eaten a Tonight was the night of light meal at the inn, they went nights! For weeks now he had "Yes, I do. My mother, fa- to the roof. The air was melprayed that his father's busi- ther and I will be here for one low and the wind gentle alness would continue in the little or two weeks more," responded though it was December;, but town of Bethlehem until Christ- Micah. there were no stars to be seen mas Day. The prayer had been in the clouded sky. granted, for it was Christmas "Well," said the fat her, Eve and he was still in Bethle- "that's fine. We'll be here for "In America," said Joan, hem. a few days. This is Mrs. White, "perhaps there is snow on the this is Joan and I'm Dr. White." ground now. The Christmas "Oh," he sighed, "if only the trees will be lighted and the stars would shine tonight, so "My name is Micah," replied shop windows gaily decorated that I can watch the sky and the boy with a low bow. in red and green. And, oh, it look for the Star of Bethlehem. will be very cold in many parts How happy I should be!" His Just then his mother came of America. Just think, next mother had promised to take out and met his new acquaint- Christmas I shall be there! How him to the roof of the inn where ances. Mrs. White had just much I will love to tell my they were staying. There she come from a visit to the school friends there about this Christwould tell him the ancient story in Baghdad w her e Micah's mas in Bethlehem. I can't beof many generations ago when mother had once been a pupil; lieve this is really Bethlehem her forefathers had been shep- so they chatted together like old and that it is Christmas Eve. herds in the hills. It would be friends, speaking of teachers It seems like a dream." She wonderful to hear the Christ- and places they both knew. laughed. "These s t ran g e mas story in the town of Beth- mosques and minarets and low lehem itself. But none of this When rooms for the White houses look just like the picwould be possible if it rained, family were found and their tures on Christmas cards at or if the clouds hid the stars. luggage arranged, Joan said: home." Dusk was rapidly falling and the "We are going to walk through clouds remained. the streets of Bethlehem, even "Tomorrow," ask e d Micah, Micah gazed sadly down the if it rains. Coming to Bethle- "will you tell me about Christroad. The sight and sound of mas in America? Mother has an approaching automobile in- hem is my Christmas present terested him, although since his from mother and father. Won't told me about Santa Claus, father was a traveling mer- you come with us?" Christmas trees and the hangchant, he had seen more cars and ing up of stockings. I want to had journeyed more than most Micah's mother looked very hear more about them." Arabian boys. The automobile thoughtful. "I am ashamed to stopped at the inn and Micah have to say this, for it is partly "All right," answered Joan, watched an American lady, a the fault of my people, the man and a little girl about his Arabs; but it is not safe to "but I want to hear about own age get out, laughing mer- walk in the streets of Bethle- Bethlehem now." rily and talking English. This hem when it is dark, even on was very exciting to Micah, be- Christmas night. There are "It is a very simple story," cause his mother, who had been many street fights. Please do began Micah's mother, "one educated at a Christian school not go. It is already dark." that you have heard over and in Baghdad had taught him English. He often talked that "Mother, couldn't they come over, but I will tell it to you as language with her and with the up to the roof over our rooms? it has been told in my family British soldiers, but he had We could watch the sky while from the beginning many, many you tell us the story of the shep- generations ago. I come from herds," pleaded Micah. a long line of Bedouins, or wan- dering shepherds. They lived "Oh, yes," cried Joan, "that would be lovely." in tents made of dark woolen cloth which they threw over "I don't think that I should be the one to tell the story. Dr.

[603 ]

long frames, leaving a flap of afraid and covered their heads ing others there of the birth of cloth tied to a pole which they Jesus. used as a door. Like all shep- with their long tunics. But the herds they spent very little time "King Herod heard the report angel of the Lord appeared and and wondered what it meant. in their tents; they preferred to Later some Wise Men came from lie on the hillside day and night told them of the birth of a baby the East and said tbey had seen watching their sheep and look- a wonderful star. They asked: ing at the stars, and thinking that was wrapped in swaddling 'Where is the newborn king of about the God who made them. the Jews, for we have seen his clothes and was lying in a man- star in the East and are come to "Hundreds of years ago to- worship him?' Herod was frightnight a little group of Jewish ger where cattle were usually ened when he heard of this and shepherds were lying on the sent for the Jewish priests and hills near here. It had been an fed. Then the whole chorus of .unusual day and it was a teachers to ask them about the strange night. The sheep were heavenly angels sang as with old prophecy that told of the restive. The camel trails had one great voice of praise: 'Glory coming of a Jewish Messiah. been much used by strangers all Then he told the Wise Men to go morning and afternoon. for the to God in the highest and on to Bethlehem to look for the decre~ of the Roman Emperor, child. Cresar Augustus, was that all earth peace, good will toward the descendents of King David "As they traveled on, the star should bring their tribute to men.' appeared again and the Wise Bethlehem. So, many travelers Men were filled with great joy. came from as far away as Leb- "As suddenly as they came, They followed where it seemed anon and Jericho and Nazareth to point until they came to a to the ancient City of David. the angels went away again; the house in Bethlehem where they found the young child with Mary "The shepherds knew of the sky became as before, and a old prophecy that a Messiah his mother and they, too, wor- great silence surrounded them. shipped him." would someday be born in Bethlehem who would deliver his The shepherds were no longer *** people. They thought of it as they lay silently watching the afraid. They talked with one Here Micah's mother stopped sky. As tonight, clouds rolled speaking and looked up into the over it. Suddenly strange mu- another of their vision and de- sky. All the others looked up, sic was heard in the distance. cided that certain of them would too. The clouds had passed and The shepherds looked at one a lovely, bright star was shining another shaking their heads. go to Bethlehem and see if they Something wonderful was about over them. to happen, of that they were could find the wonderful child. "Oh," cried Micah in joy, "the sure. "Some of the shepherds went star! See the star!" "All at once, just after dark- "Just think," whispered Joan, ness had grown soft and black down the hills and made inquiras velvet, the heavens became "this might have been the very very bright around them with ies until they found the baby in spot." a strangely brilliant light. The shepherds were very m u c h the stable of the inn at Bethle- "Yes," said Micah. Doesn't hem. He was wrapped in swad- that star seem to be pointing here?" dling clothes, with Mary his "That is because the Star of mother beside him and her hus- Christ is shining in our hearts," murmured Dr. White. band Joseph seated near by. The humble shepherds bowed down and worshipped this child, who was called Jesus, of whom the messengers from heaven had told them. .

"Then the shepherds returned to their flocks, full of wonder at what they had seen. For many days they told the story of their vision, and their finding of the Christ child to travelers who stopped in the hills to refresh themselves and to fill the i r waterjugs. Some of these trav- elers went on,to Jerusalem, tell~

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO NORTH AMERICA try area all the churches have were removed, the bottles care- been slowly dying, with only one fully washed, then a tract or "A Reaching Mission" left that has a pastor who comes Gospel penny portion placed in every second week for a serv- within, after which the bottles Protestant pastors in Philadel- ice. It has been years since any were sealed and consigned to the phia, having had a preaching thorough pastoral work has been sea. This is no small-town enmission and a teaching mission, done there. The result is that terprise. Sometimes as many as have now embarked upon a there is not one person under 2,500 bottles go into Chesapeake "reaching" mission. Ministers thirty years of age in the area Bay at a single launching. of 22 denominations have adopt- that has made a Christian coned a program of pastoral and fession and united with any Thus, the bottles once containcongregational evangelism, and church. This is true of another ing evil spirits, now are filled by unanimous resolution declare community in the western part with the spirit of the Gospel. that "the supreme task of the of the state. church is bringing men, women, -Bible Society Record. boys and girls into personal fel- The Gospel in Bottles lowship with the living Christ. Crusade Against Liquor There is no solution of problems Near the waterfront in Balti- Advertising other than the Christ way of more, Md., is a small lunchroom life." bearing the sign "Mike's Place." The National Temperance and This might suggest the under- Prohibition Council is urging all President Walter Greenway, world, but the presiding genius temperance forces to unite for of Beaver College, who proposed is a devoted Christian Italian the suppression of liquor adverthe plan, originally developed who has hit upon a unique meth- tising in newspapers, magazines, this program in a rural church od to spread the GospeL Mi- over the radio and by all other of 100 members, enlarged and chael Coscia was born over a means. An undertaking of this found it effective in a town saloon kept by his father. His magnitude will require concerted church of 500, and finally tested associates as he grew up were effort, hence the Council, comit thoroughly in two Philadelphia the type who loaf in barrooms. posed of 27 organizations seems churches, each of which as a re- When he was past thirty there the logical force to carry forsult grew from few members to came a day when life took on a ward the project. Protesting to over 2,000. The program sug- new meaning for Mike, and he the owners and managers of gests preparation for the pastor felt an urge to preach the Gos- radio stations, to the editors and and the entire congregation, out- pel, but realizing his handicaps, publishers of newspapers and lines methods of publicity and he looked for another method to magazines advertising intoxicatthrough it all stresses the su- proclaim the message than from ing liquors, and laboring for the preme preparation by the Holy a pulpit. After he had estab- enactment of legislation to stop Spirit. Its flexibility permits it lished his lunchroom, he placed liquor advertising are the lines to be used successfully in any de- a Bible verse on the roof, where along which the Council will dinomination or congregation. The it could be seen by thousands rect its efforts.-S. S. Times. ministers of the city have been who transact business in the tall asked to spend from 9 to 9: 15 buildings near by. Irreligion in Films each morning in intercession for one another and for the churches Mike's next inspiration came Rt. Rev. John T. McNicholas, in this outreaching enterprise. from finding every morning Catholic Archbishop of Cincin- scores of empty whiskey, gin nati, spokesman for the "Legion -The Christian Century. and wine bottles scattered of Decency," says that effort is around Market Place. Of course, being made in recent pictures to Godless Spots they were gathered by the white spread ideas antagonistic not wings, so that for most of the only to Christian morality, but Harold C. Loughhead has sur- day the streets were clean. But to all religion. He warns film veyed a number of areas in rural Mike saw in these empty bottles producers that they have an in- Pennsylvania, and has discov- a great opportunity. He and his escapable responsibility to safeered some amazing facts about family began to gather the bot- guard the moral welfare of the this supposed stronghold of tles daily, like the manna. Labels public by putting before them Christianity. In one open coun- right patterns of thought and [605 ] conduct.

It was the American Cath- vestigation has discovered that aries was that of transportation. olic's Legion of Decency that Chinese percentage of delin- During the summer travel becompelled a radical change in quency is the lowest of any racial tween villages is more difficult the tone of motion pictures by or sectional group, the ratio be- than in the winter. The only a boycott, launched in 1934. ing almost negligible. Chinese means of transportation in many Now the Legion is viewing with teachers, questioned by the in- places. is by dog team and sledge grave apprehension the various vestigators, said that the reason over the frozen ~round. Small subtle attempts to employ the for this remarkable showing is a boats can ply the rivers and the film to project irreligious points precept of Confucius: "The mis- sea coast, but they are inadeof view-films that portray, ap- conduct of the child is the fault quate, very inconvenient, slow, provingly, concepts rooted in of the parent." Every Chinese irregular and costly. Only the philosophies attacking the Chris- child is made to understand that villages along water routes can tian faith. his misdemeanor in public brings be contacted thus in summer disgrace not only on himself but while the regions beyond are -Dayton Daily News. on his family, and the severest neglected. punishment is to "lose face." Iowa School for Missionaries Traveling by dog teams has United Church of Canada also its hazards. Many "mush- The first Iowa School for Mis- Crusade ers" have been caught out on the sionaries will be held January 23 tundra, many miles from the to February 18, 1939, at the Iowa The United Church of Canada nearest cabin in a blizzard and State College, Ames, Iowa. The is conducting a quarter-million then he will have to make a camp courses offered are Sociology and fellowship crusade during the and dig himself and his dogs into Rural Organization, Family Life last ten weeks of 1938, including a snow drift until the storm and Health, Agricultural and a recall to worship of all its abates. Another danger is from Rural Education, Foods and Nu- membership and a campaign for the packs of hungry wolves rovtrition and Agriculture. There a quarter of a million new sup- ing the tundra. Even if the will be afternoon conferences porters. This Church stands "musher" is armed he and his and field trips to near-by com- fourth in per capita giving dogs are an easy prey for the munities, schools and parishes. among the 2'5 leading denomina- hungry wolves. A special two-day conference on tions of North America. Rural Missions Work will be The airplane is a fast and a held over one of the week-ends In the last Canadian census convenient way to travel in during the school session. The the people listing themselves as Alaska. The plane can land on school is in charge of a commit- of the United Church numbered the water, when equipped with tee from the faculties of Agri- more than two million, or one in pontoons, on the snow-covered culture and Home Economics of five of the dominion population. tundra, when equipped with skiis which Professor R. H. Porter is Of these, the members in com- or on one of the many airfields chairman. Dr. Porter was for a munion are less than 700,000; kept in good condition by the number of years a member of of these the regular supporters Government. the faculty of the College of by envelope amount to 235,000; Agriculture and Forestry of the and those who also contribute to This mission has purchased a University of Nanking, China. missionary and benevolent en- Fairchild plane with a Warner- The only expenses to students terprises amount to only 110,000. Scarab 145 horsepower engine, will be for board and room. Mis- seating three persons besides the sionaries who expect to attend -The Christian Century. pilot. It has a cruising range of the school are requested to send 500 miles with a speed of 125 in their names as soon as pos- A Missionary Airplane for miles an hour and can climb sible to Professor R. M. Vif- Alaska 16,000 feet, crossing anyone of quain, Room 122 N, Agricultural the Alaska mountain ranges. It Hall, Iowa State College, Ames, The natives of Alaska will be is equipped with all the neces- Iowa.* visited during this winter by an sary instruments for blind fly- airplane which the Evangelical ing, including a radio, all in- How Chinese Check Mission Covenant Church of spected by the U. S. Government. Delinquency Chicago has recently sent to The trip from Chicago to Seattle Nome. When the old "sour- (Z300 miles) was made in 21 There are about 3,000 Chinese doughs" used to call preachers hours, at 12,000 feet altitude. boys. and girls in the New York "sky pilots" they did not realize From Seattle it was shipped to area. During the past eight that in the future the preacher Nome as the fog was too thick years there have been among would come dropping down from on the coast to fly all the way. them only two cases of juvenile the clouds with a message from delinquency. A recent court in- above. The plane will be stationed at Bandle, a village on the Arctic • A descriptive folder of the school may In the summer of 1937, the Circle, where a new work was be had on request, either to Professor Vlf- Covenant Mission sent its secre- opened last summer. The Misquain or to the Rural Missions Cooperating tary to the Alaska missions and sion Covenant has work in sev- Committee, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, he found that one of the prob- enteen larger villages and beside New York. lems confronting the mission- the six missionaries employ a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

number of native evangelists. THE' ALASKA Scriptures, and where members During the last three years, five MISSIONARY of evangelical churches had been new churches have been built arrested on charges of subverand one parsonage. When the AIRPLANE sive activities. It was definitely plane becomes a weekly visitor known that this was due to presto the unevangelized regions the Put in service at sure on the part of the bishops work should quickly expand. Nome, September 27, of the Catholic Church. 1938. Will1>e piloted THE REV. G. E. JOHNSON. by Rev. Paul Ben- Representatives of the Amer- jamin Franklin Carl- ican Bible Society and the Brit- LATIN AMERICA son. On picture to ish and Foreign Bible Society right is the Secretary sought and secured a personal Human Salvage in Mexico of Missions of the interview with the proper gov- Covenant-Rev. Gust. ernment authority. This official Although the Salvation Army assured the Bible Society agents has work in some 80 countries, E. Johnson that the sale of Scriptures could political conditions in Mexico not be prohibited, since the Conmade it seem practically impos- he~dquarters, and the office cre- stitution of the republic granted sible for the Army to enter. But ated for the purpose has been in liberty both of worship and of a young Mexican, a former gov- contact with young people's commerce, but that the Governernment official and communist groups in every Latin American ment would not tolerate political leader, was converted, and with- country, trying to find out their propaganda. Assurance was givout knowing anything of the Sal- viewpoints and other prelim- en him that absolute abstention vation Army or its methods, inaries. The Congress will be from all political activity was began to work in the slums of held in 1940, probably in Lima, required of their colporteurs by Mexico City among drunkards Peru. Political conditions might both Bible Societies, and that and other human wreckage, on require the selection of another any breach of this rule led to inlines similar to those used by the city for the meeting. stant dismissal. The Minister, Army. who asked for a copy of the Bi- -World Dominion Press. ble for his own use, then ordered Street meetings were held in that a circular be sent to every defiance of the law, and when How to Handle Crime Problem Prefect in the republic. arrested this young man and his helpers continued to preach in Federal and State govern- – World Dominion Press. jail. The transformed lives that ments might make a note of the resulted convinced the govern- way the present government of An Evangelistic Odyssey ment of the value of this work, Guatemala handles its vice proband it was allowed to continue lems. Too often there is neglect A house on wheels is a novelty unmolested. This spontaneous in permitting marijuana cigar- in Colombia. The Gospel bus, movement has now been in- ette peddlers to hang around provided by Sunday School tegrated with the world organi- our high schools, but Guatemala Easter offerings and other gifts, zation of the Salvation Army. authorities hound down these was greeted along the road with ghouls and make their business this exclamation, Ave Maria -World Dominion Press. one of high crime. With the ex- purissima! Que es eso? (Hail, cellent police system, the crim- Mary, most pure! What's that?) Young People's Congress inal is most likely to be caught The bus accommodates about promptly, and alas for him if twelve people, seated on benches For several years evangelical convicted. and boxes, but on occasion more leaders of young people in Latin than twenty have crowded in America have been hoping for a Some years ago a German and listened to the Gospel story. Congress for young evangelicals merchant undertook to introduce from all the republics. The need the opium vice into Guatemala. Rev. Pryor T. Smith tells in of stronger ties among young He dropped with a thud into Colombia Clippings of some of Christians; interchange of ex- public contempt as a result, and periences; a united attitude to- his application for an importawards moral, spiritual and social tion permit was promptly turned problems; the creation of a down. Reform in Guatemala is strong force which may impress not a mere vaporous election by its idealism; and an effort to slogan for political purposes save Latin America from insta- only, but is handled calmly and bility are some of the reasons vigorously. which make the Congress a vital need. -Guatemala News.

The first River Plate Congress Scripture Distribution in Peru of young people met last year in Rosario, Argentina, and from it Early this year a number of came the formal decision to or- cases were reported where colganize the Latin American Con- porteurs had been prohibited by gress. Rosario was chosen as local officials from selling the

the difficulties encountered. Upon found anywhere. It is interest- Ethiopia when the Italian conarriving in a town, the bus is ing to recall a stanza from John quest was completed were asked parked in the plaza. Soon a Oxenham's famous poem of trib- to depart at once, and no foreign crowd of the curious is assem- ute to Livingstone: Jews have been allowed to settle bled, and often some burly ruf- there since May, 1936. The Jews fian will order the bus out of He passed like light across the dark- in Italy are roughly estimated at town, while others cheer him on. ened land, 44,000, and among them are a Sometimes the tires are punc- number who have recently fled tured, or a fictitious tax is im- And dying, left behind him this com- from Austria. posed for selling literature. But mand, in Yarumal business men filled -Alliance Weekly. the bus and bristled with ques- "The door is open! So let it ever tions about Protestant beliefs. stand!" Calvinism in Hungary As soon as one group left another took their place, and then Full mightily wrought he. Reformed Churches in eastern a third group kept the mission- Forth to the fight he fared, Hungary are among the oldest aries busy until far into the High things and great he dared, Protestant institutions in the night. Here and there, barriers In His Master's might to spread the world; some are said to have are coming down. been founded even before the Light death of Calvin. Most of Hun- EUROPE Right faithfully wrought he. gary became Protestant then, He greatly loved- and much of it remains so. A "Order of Christian He greatly lived- writer in The Christian Century Citizenship" And died right mightily. describes a walking trip through northeastern Hungary with a In Great Britain, 25,000 -United Church Record. Y. M. C. A. group, wandering young Methodists have instituted from village to village and visitthe "Order of Christian Citizen- Reich Church in Bonds ing pastors and churches. The ship," which requires the appli- boys marched behind a banner, cation of the Christian Gospel to A pamphlet has been privately singing folk songs, religious social problems. The movement printed and circulated in Ger- hymns and national songs. The is directed by a standing com- many which concludes with the banner consisted of a special mittee of the Temperance and question: "How does Pastor Y. M. C. A. flag and many rib- Social Welfare Departments of Niemoller's continued imprison- bons of various colors, which the Methodist Church, but steps ment affect us?" and the answer: they had received from places have been taken to put the young previously visited. On them people actually in control. Its It demands that we should recognize were such slogans as "For God program includes the fostering that Martin Niemoller is not in the and Hungary," "Onward with of international peace, the com- Sachsenhausen concentration camp as Christ," "Jesus Conquers," and bating of the drink, gambling a private individual, but that in him short Bible verses. Fourteen and other social evils, and the the entire Confessional Church and all days were thus spent. Each making of social surveys for the men who are fighting for the freedom church spire is crowned with a information of the young. of the Gospel in Germany have been cock and star, emblems of Cal- thrown into prison. It demands that vinism. The star is supposed to -United Presbyterian. wherever we are we do not keep our guide the people and the cock to mouths shut like dumb dogs, but speak keep them awake. Just how Livingstone Shrine out what God has ordered us to speak. much awake they are one cannot and that we fight for the freedom of say. Certainly there is much for "The most frequented person- His Church and for the authority of them to do. al shrine in Scotland," is said of the Gospel in Germany. As long as the Scottish National Memorial Martin Niemoller is in the concentra- Dictatorship in Greece to David Livingstone, at his tion camp, there is set up in our midst birthplace, Blantyre, near Glas- a signal. visible from afar, that the No sooner had Eastern Orthogow. In one year alone the at- Church of Jesus Christ in Germany dox Churches seemed to have actendance exceeded 73,000. It is is in bonds. quired the "ecumenical mind" already the greatest children's than the dictator of Greece took center in Scotland. Since the Pastor Niem611er is said to be steps to give the Greek Orthodox Memorial was opened by the in failing health. He is allowed Church an ironclad monopoly in Duchess of York, in October, one visit a month from his wife that country. Under new edicts, 1929, 406,208 visitors have and one child~ (He has seven.) persons trying to make converts passed through the turnstile. to any other church will be sub- Italy's Jews ject to fine and imprisonment; Dr. John R. Mott calls it one if foreigners, they will be exof the most wonderful things he Nearly twenty-five per cent of pelled. The police power is to be has seen in all his numerous Italy's Jews are affected by the invoked to compel school chilworld journeys, and perhaps the decree that all Jews who have dren to attend church on Sunday. finest shrine to any person to be established themselves in Italy and her colonies (excepting pos- sibly Eritrea and East Somali- land) since the World War must leave within six months, or be expelled "following application of penalties fixed by law." Under present laws they will be able to take little of their property with them, save a small amount of money for traveling expenses.

Foreign Jews in business in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Literature expressing opInIOns the continent, yet if one mission by my own power that I am preserved not acceptable to the Holy Synod is banned. No doubt the purpose station a day could be visited, it till now and given the news of the behind these decrees is to check Roman Catholic activity, though would take eight years to see everlasting Gospel of Christ, but only an American Protestant missionary has been refused permission them all. -Pageant. by the power of the one great Cause to enter Greece, for the apparent reason that he was a Protestant of causes, the Almighty. minister. Dictatorship knows no curb. -Christian Century. White Hearts Lifted Up . -So S. Times.

AFRICA Mrs. Julia Lake Kellersberger, Memorial in Madagascar in the Presbyterian Survey, de- He Was "From Missouri" scribes a missionary meeting in World Dominion Press records the Congo: that native churches have given Mr. C. J. Mellis, sixty-year- 250,000 francs for the erection old realtor from St. Louis, after The Doxology rings out through the of a church in memory of David contributing generously to mis- opened windows and echoes in the J ones and Thomas Bevan, Welsh sions in Africa for nearly 20 mango grove. It takes no amplifier of pioneers to the island of the years, decided to take a look for man to make it resound. White hearts London Missionary Society, who himself, and see what it "was are then lifted up in prayer, though landed at Tamatave in 1818. In all about." In company with a the lips that utter them are black. 1907, the work was transferred Presbyterian minister, Rev. H. One after another these women rise to the Paris Evangelical Mis- J. Heinecke, of Greely, Colorado, and give their testimony. The first is sionary Society, whose missionhe sailed from Liverpool to the leader herself. Her testimony aries have erected the memorial Nigeria. Ten months later, after rings true, for there is a life back of church, which is the largest of traveling 15,000 miles across it to emphasize the words. the 3,500 Protestant places of Africa, these two returned to worship in the island. About New York. Said Mr. Mellis: A perfect "carbon copy" of an old- 4,000 natives were present at "The job missions is doing out fashioned Southern black mammy the opening. there is so big it beggars de- rises and with cracked voice tells of scription." The men brought her joy in being able to care for sev- Progress in Kabylia back 200 reels of movie film eral little orphan children and to cook which Mr. Mellis is showing the daily manioc for those at the hos- One encouraging feature of throughout his own state and pital too sick to care for themselves. missionary work in Kabylia is those adjoining, with a series of It has been strongly suspected that that in many places converts 12 lectures. she spends some of her hard-earned from Islam are taking the initia- pittance on delicate tidbits, such as tive in this work. Natives played Seventy-five mission stations caterpillars, or juicy ants, for the a large part in a recent Chriswere visited; to every mission- especially weak ones. A converted tian Conference. Under the ary visited they put this ques- witch doctor, sister of an African chairmanship of a gifted Kabyle tion: "How many natives in chief, reveals the fact that she had Christian, who translated the adyour particular field have never burned her former heathen medicine dresses into Arabic, French and heard a single sermon, never lis- and was made well, not by incanta- his own language, men of differtened to a single Gospel mes- tions and sorcery, but by an opera- ent tongues, from numerous dissage ?" The answer was some- tion at the Christian hospital. tricts met and told of their extimes 350,000, and never less periences in the Christian life than 100,000. Another question The climax of this wonderful meet- and their efforts to "let their was: "What special problems ing comes when a woman leper arises. light shine." do Africa missionaries have to She is a woman of unusual force of face?"; the reply was that the character. Like the one leper who re- A lack of conviction seems to greatest difficulty was to make turned to give thanks to Christ, she characterize man y Mohammebuildings and equipment keep tells of His gift of healing. Then the dans of today. In a shop in pace with the growth of the final hymn, "There shall be showers Oran, a man was heard to say: work. Another problem concerns of blessings," sung as only African "If I knew the truth I would fol- Mohammedanism. Entering a women can sing. low it. I would leave Islam and native village with a pack on his Mohammed tomorrow if I were head, the Mohammedan trader, A Strange Prayer convinced that the truth lay elsebefore untying his wares, pre- where." Those who heard the sents an invitation. "Come," he In some reminiscences of a remark showed no resentment. says, "be a Mohammedan. We'll missionary at Lovedale, South teach you to lie, steal and cheat Africa, mention is made of an -Life of Faith. the Christian infidels." African boy, pupil of a Chris- tian school, who had kept a Christ in Uganda Mr. Mellis said that while journal of his experiences. The they saw a good cross section of following is an extract: The C. M. S. Outlook says that Christianity has taken root in Before I go further I must tell you Uganda, and that the Church is about my prayers when I was a little becoming increasingly indige- boy. I could not believe that God nous. Uganda Christians have could hear prayer in Kaffir, and of served as missionaries in the English I knew too little. In fact, I Southern Sudan, in the Belgian knew but two words, "Friday" and "Amen." So I prayed, "Friday, Fri- day, Friday, Friday" four times and then, "Amen." But although this was my prayer yet the Almighty God did not cease to send down his influence upon me.

My parents became Christians, not by my power, though I often prayed for them by the same two words "Fri- day" and "Amen." Nor has it been

Congo and the Pygmy Forest, in gelized territory, covering a And what a privilege to look Ruan9a and Urundi. They have thousand miles from east to after such a family!" carried the Gospel to all parts of west, and three hundred from the Uganda Protectorate, from north to south, and suggested -The Chronicle. the great northern plain to the that the S. A. G. M. adopt it. Ruwenzori Mountains. Recently The challenge was accepted in EASTERN ASIA some men walked 300 miles to 1910, and A. W. Bailey was com- Kampala from a distant State to missioned to set a line of sta- Aleppo Beggars ask for African missionaries to tions across Rhodesia and Portutheir fellow-Africans 300 miles guese West Africa, to be known The beggars of Aleppo are an away. as the Andrew Murray Memo- interesting study. It would re- rial Field. Now, 28 years later, quire detailed research to find From Tanganyika comes the that goal has been reached and out to what extent they are orreport of steady growth in the a new challenge is presented in ganized, how their "beats" are number of African ministers, re- the recently granted permission divided and what are their musulting in more adequate pas- to occupy further Portuguese tual understandings. The Aleptoral care of Christian commu- territory. In southern Angola po visitor has the impression nities. there are from nine to sixteen that their business is on a sound large tribes representing three basis, and that there is no un- Islanders Have New Chapel language groups whose dialects employment. A number of the have never yet been reduced to beggars are quite well-dressed. The first Presbyterian mission writing. This area is totally un- The Maronite Church is the cento West Africa was on the island touched by Christian influence. ter around which they mill conof Corisco, off the coast of the tinually, but especially on Sun- French Cameroun, but the work- Undoubtedly, future work of day mornings. Old, old women ers soon moved to the mainland the mission will lie in Central sit along the walls, never moving and the island was left without Africa rather than in the south, about but waiting for alms to a resident or visiting missionary. where the natives have been en- drop into their laps. On cold African Christians on the island couraged to take responsibility, mornings, they have little brahave recently dedicated a beauti- and are becoming indigenous. ziers at which they warm their ful new chapel, planned, built hands and sometimes two or and paid for by the islanders -The Christian. three beggars will share this themselves, of material trans- comfort. Sometimes they sit and ported from the mainland in sail Tiger Kloof Family argue, instead of attending boats; the concrete was made on strictly to business; but one asthe island. The work at Tiger Kloof, siduous fellow may be seen beg- South Africa, is not standing ging even while he eats, mum- The dedicatory service was still, but widening its influence. bling touching petitions with his held in three languages: the Miss Janet Bryson has been mouth full. Benga of the island, the Bulu of Principal of Tiger Kloof Native the Cameroun mainland, and the Institution since 1923. She re- Aleppo is considered a rich Spanish of Spanish Guinea. ports that applications for ad- city, and with the prosperous are Each was translated for the ben- mission must be refused, as no also large numbers of desperefit of those who did not under- more can possibly be accommo- ately poor. Between the two, stand the others. dated. "School life," she says, this beggar class battens on the "is difficult to report, since it is philanthropically disposed. -Monday Morning. just the ordinary story of daily life among African girls-trying H. G. DORMAN, JR. More Open Doors to show them the things that really matter, trying to get them Situation in Palestine The South Africa General to grow in the things that are Mission began with work among worth while and to shake off The situation in Palestine, the white population of South those that hinder. Girls who dark though it is, has a few en- Africa, chiefly Jews and Mos- care-and those who don't; girls couraging features. lems, soldiers and sailors, rail- who know very little and those way and postoffice workers, but who know too much! Girls who 1. The Jews, driven by presthis proved to be the stepping have never known tribal life, but ent difficulties, are thinking and stone to that which followed. only the so-called civilized life of questioning about religious mat- The vast expanse of heathen a city like Johannesburg-girls ters as never before. They are darkness was a challenge, and who have never travelled beyond realizing that materialism and after claiming Swaziland, other their native village; girls who religious indifference are not a centers opened, and the work speak one language – girls who sufficient foundation on which to extended into the Cape Prov- speak three or four; girls whose stand amid the present storms, ince, Natal and the Indian set- fathers are paramount chiefs- and they are increasingly asking tlements. The next epoch began girls whose mothers earn their what Christianity has to say. when Frederick Arnot, mission- fees by hard work in a European ary pioneer, reported that he home in one city or another. 2. There is a change of outhad discovered a great unevan- look on the part of young Jews in the agricultural settlements. Formerly they were completely

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

indifferent, and often actively Education in Iran Bible and "no eyes," meaning hostile, to religion. This is no longer the case. The Old Testa- Several years ago, as a move there was none among them who ment is frequently read and to unite the nation more closely, could read. "Do you pray?" he often also the New Testament, the government of Iran pro- asked. No, they didn't pray. and Jews are ready and in many "Do you sing?" No, the young cases eager to discuss religious hibited Iranian students from man had told them their songs questions. attending any schools under for- were bad, and they must not sing eign direction. Thereupon, Pres- them any more. "What do you 3. It is evident there is a byterian mission schools discon- do when you meet in the dawning realization on the part tinued primary classes; though church ?" And the sad reply of both Jews and Arabs that in Hamadan and Teheran, Iran- came, "We just sit and wait." Christ does offer the one hope of ian Christians kept up this work. peace and reconciliation. The number of young people de- -Alliance Weekly.

-International Council of manding an education is now so A Year's Changes Christian Approach to great that the Ministry of Edu- the Jews. cation has asked the mission to Dr. and Mrs. C. Herbert Rice, reopen its lower schools. Under of Allahabad, have returned to In Armenia present staff limitations this is India, after furlough, and find not possible, but upper classes many changes; among them, the The Secretary of "Friends of Armenia" has recently visited are more and more crowded. It national Congress party had Syria to study the probable future needs and condition of the should also be noted that these taken up the constitutional meth- Armenians, and to recommend schools are in the front rank, as od of advancing the cause of some line of action. Stopping at evidenced by the percentage of self-government. Seven of the Geneva, he found that the Refugee Commission of the League of successful students taking the eleven provinces are now work- Nations was not only dead, but ing under a Congress party minwas calling in the loans made to government examinations. refugees. The whole refugee istry, many of the "stormy problem is greatly accentuated Adult education is making since Germany's seizure of Aus- great strides in the country. petrels" of agitation days now tria, and the increasing number Students in Teheran University occupying seats of authority. fleeing from areas under Nazi last year numbered 1,549, of High British officials are coopdomination. Germany is bring- erating with these ministries in ing pressure to bear upon small whom 86 were women. There countries to refuse help to ref- are 18,354 enrolled Boy Scouts. a genuine effort to make selfugees, and prevent their giving Dr. Sadiq, of the University, in government in the autonomous them asylum. a recently delivered lecture in provinces real and effective. Teheran stated that brotherhood, Measures of social, educational In Syria, Armenians have and agrarian reform are already made tremendous effort to make the sacredness of family ties and demonstrating that the new gova new start; most of them now the doctrine of the resurrection ernments are fully conscious of have SOme sort of a home. Ex- are the center of the Christian treme cleanliness and neatness religion. their responsibilities, and also was found in every shack; ter- that they have a large measure rible poverty and rags, to be sure, but self-respect and no beg- INDIA AND SIAM of popular support. The air is ging. However, everywhere full of proposals for the improvethroughout Syria, with the exception of the coastal province of Waiting for Light ment of the condition of the Lebanon, there is a feeling of rural population, for the proimminent danger, a constant The story is told of a mission- vision of specialized schools and looking over the shoulder for ary who visited a spot in India the bringing of educational what may be coming. where no missionary had ever methods into touch with the life been, yet the villagers had dis- of the people; with plans to pro- Armenians still need all the carded their idols and met each mote the mass education of illithelp that can be given them, week in a church which they had erate adults. especially in the spiritual realm, built. Inquiring into this, the lest with these long continued missionary found that a young . Says Dr. Rice: troubles they may fail to maintain their high Christian tradi- man, traveling for some foreign We are convinced that Christian tion, and their young people, business concern, had been de- institutions will in many ways receive particularly, lapse from the a greater welcome than ever before. splendid .standards of their fa- tained in their village several High-minded national leaders will thers.-Evangelical Christian. days by a flood. While there, he surely accept with gratitude all the told the villagers that they help that we can give in the solution of pressing national and human prob- should not worship idols; that lems. It is true that in the present there was a true God whom they atmosphere of religious rivalry and should worship, and that they tense communalism we may expect in- should build a house and meet in creasing opposition to the conversion it once every seven days. They of Hindus and Mohammedans to Christianity. On the other hand there had followed these instructions. is growing up a constantly increasing The missionary asked if they resentment against ancient authority and ancient forms of social and reli- had a Bible, and who read it to gious restraint. Inroads are being them. They said they had no made upon the caste system. This

growing spirit of freedom will itself that he wished a Christian mar- "Some bought gladly, others penetrate the realm of conscience and riage, before he could change his were so much confused by the religious belief. We need not fear for noise and crowds they were not mind again. This also put a re- interested. Some railed at us the future of the Gospel and the straint on the opposition. The Church, whatever the immediate difficulties connected with the political affair having come before the au- for bothering them so much. situation may be. thorities, they dared not resort Sometimes we talked until our Heathen Marriage the to violence. mouths were dry, but were- Stumblingblock MRS. A. B. GOULD, vived when anyone came to buy. Thus we worked for four days; Presbyterian missionary 3700 portions had been sold." The time – honored heathen at Ambala.

marriage ceremony is the last Ten in One Church Builds a School thing to be renounced by Indian Christians; and nothing so The Baptist Mission in Burma A church in a remote part of is in reality ten missions, owing Siam was having a hard time. arouses non-Christians as a de- to the great diversity of races The staff was small, the district parture from these rites. For and languages in this field. The large, the responsibilities many. one thing, a Christian loses Gospel must be preached to each A young Siamese minister was money by the renunciation, since one in his own tongue; and even called to this field, and soon put each guest is expected to bring a so, there are many tribes as yet his finger upon the difficulty. unreached in the hill section of· "N0 Christian education for the rupee to the bride's father. A Burma, and the border areas. So older boys," he said. "The little hundred guests would quite ma- when we read .of Bur man ones can go to the girls' school; terially help to defray expenses c h u r c h e s, Burmese-speaking but the big ones have to go to for the feast. But this is not all. churches are meant, not every government schools where they A while ago a Christian couple have to take part in Buddhist wished to marry their daughter church in Burma. to a Christian young man from celebrations, and are seldom able In addition to work among the to go to church or Sunday school. another district. The bride- many races in Burma, the Gospel They drift away from Christiangroom's party arrived the eve- is preached to Indian immi- ity. That means, too, that the ning before, reenforced by three grants. Most of the 15,000,000 Christian girls have to marry Christian preachers, whose pres- inhabitants of Burma live in vil- non-Christian .or only half-Chrisence, it was thought, would dis- lages of from ten to three hun- tian men. Some day our people courage active hostilities. The dred houses, and most .of the invited guests, Christians from will be so well trained and edu- missionary work centers in the cated themselves that they can other villages, had also arrived. towns. R u r a I reconstruction The dinner was cooked and committees are being organized. instruct their children at home in Christian faith and practice; ready to serve. But the enemy had mustered his forces. Chu- Footprint of Buddha but now we need a school." hras (Sweepers), the class from So he put it up to the church, which these Christians came, One cannot help being im- and the members agreed to start had gathered from a number of villages, and swore that not a pressed with the religious fervor a boys' school as one .of their bite of that dinner should be of the crowds, old and young, projects. It is still an experieaten until the parents consented who visit the footprint of Bud- ment, but is well under way. to a Chuhra wedding. dha at Prabat, Siam, every year. Church members contribute a The men stood by with walk- A Siamese colporteur tells in part of the expenses, some help ing sticks, to intimidate the the Siam Outlook of the oppor- comes from the mission and guests. The Mohammedans of tunities this festival offers for some from churches in other vilthe village sided with the presenting the Gospel. "We lages from which pupils come. Chuhras, and threatened to turn sang as we rode along by launch The Siamese pastor hopes to the family out of their village if to Lopburi. A man asleep was have the school self-supporting they persisted in their purpose. disturbed, and asked us what in four years.

All night the dinner lay un- we were doing. This gave us a touched. The guests drowned chance to bear witness. Great CHINA their hunger in sleep, so far as crowds were going happily Hope in the Long View the noise of battle would permit! along, some selling flowers to The discussion went on most of offer at the shrine. After we Dr. W. W. Yen, former Chi- the night, with the result that had found a place to stay in nese ambassador to Moscow and the father, never much of a force the market, we went into every Minister to Washington, believes in the family, was won over, and by-lane where we might make a that "out of the ashes .of death gave his consent to a Chuhra sale. So we continued until two and devastation, there will arise marriage. Here was defeat. The in the morning, for people were a new China, modern, sanitary, next step was for the preachers enjoying the festival all night. scientific and beautiful, testify- to get the father to the nearest Some of our Gospel portions ing to the indomitable spirit and police post four miles away, and were stolen: we pray they were indefatigable industry of the there make him sign a statement read! people." Dr. Yen thinks there

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

is no warrant for pessimism, be- upheld the cause of justice. Through sincere, often tearful confession cause throughout the ages the His words and works, He manifested of national and personal sin. Chinese have been able to the reality of His love and sacrificial Mr. Lewis says that in the many weather the storm. Out of the prayer-meetings he has attended spirit. I have come to the conviction that, if we wish to revive the Chinese present struggle, the greatest people and reform society, we must during the past year he has not gain will be national unity; an- heard one word of recrimination other is the lesson of self-help, adopt as our own the universal love against the invaders. On the the gain in moral values and in- and sacrificial spirit of Jesus. There- contrary, they often make earn- fore, I take it that in whatever sphere of life, whether in social relationships, ternational understanding. civil administrations, military com- est prayer both for the Chris- -The China Colleges. mand or other service, we must make tians of Japan and the people in charity and peace the basic principles general, and entreat God to dis- Victorious Christian Youth of action. To this end all revolution- pose their hearts toward peace. ists must accept, struggle and sacrifice A number of missionaries in Evidence multiplies as to the as a daily duty. This was the spirit widely separated areas of China victory of Christian over nation- of Jesus. This is what I meant when testify to their belief that this is alist feeling in this time of crisis. I had occasion to say before, "We the attitude of the whole Chris- shall not give up the hope of peace until peace is absolutely hopeless, but Hunan University Christian As- we will not shrink from any sacrifice tian Church in China. sociation addressed an open let- when the hour demands it."

ter to Japanese Christian stu- Snap Shots from Siangtan Time for Advance in Tibet dents, and after expressing dismay over the invasion of their Interesting things have been In China's Millions, Dr. J. H. happening in Siangtan, Hunan. Jeffrey lists the following reacountry, which they characterize One was the opening of the sons for a missionary advance as "wanton and unwarranted," Kwangtao Girls' School building among non-Chinese in Tibet: they express the hope that "our as a refuge for Christian Chinese flooding into the city. A commu- A more favorable political situation. common belief in God and our nity kitchen was set up and the love of personality will not dis- classrooms divided into cubicles A priesthood largely discredited, in appear in this time of crisis; and to accommodate 70 at a time. some parts at least. that the spirit of our common Morning worship is conducted, fellowship may be kept alive and one baptism has resulted. The destruction of many important Three refugees are tutoring as a lamaseries and the slaughtering of . . . so as to sow the seeds for means of support; others hold hundreds of lamas, thereby depriving future building for the service night classes. the non-Chinese people of their spirof God." The Hunan students itual guides. then urge the Japanese to join Another outstanding feature with them in a period of prayer was the organization of a Chris- High cost of training priests. at stated hours, saying, "Let us tian Fellowship group, that pray that this war will soon end, Christian refugees might get ac- Friendliness of the people towards the foreigner. let us devote ourselves to preparing for Christian fellowship be- Many regions formerly regarded as being closed to the missionary now tween our countries in the fu- are open.

Readiness to believe the mission- ary's message.

ture. . . . We pray for tolerance quainted with one another and JAPAN-CHOSEN and love and faith in God." The with the Christians of the city. letter is concluded by a quotation Two large gatherings have al- Delegates to Madras ready been held with over a hunfrom the prayer of our Lord as dred in attendance each time. After a good deal of hesita- tion, Japanese Christians have recorded in John 17: 20-23 and Bible study groups and a lit- decided to participate in the eracy class have been held espethe final sentence is, "God bless cially for the refugees, and the Madras Conference, and about literacy class for children has 15 Japanese delegates and seven you all!" -Advance. been reopened. missionaries are now on their way. Several full meetings of Chiang Kai-Shek on the Radio Continued Prayer for Japan the delegation have been held, and sectional and group studies In a recent radio address, the Rev. A. B. Lewis, member of are now going on. Dr. Kagawa Generalissimo referred to Jesus the Field Council of the China plans to go, and to spend some Christ as the leader of a national revolution, and also of a reli- weeks in evangelistic effort in gious revolution. He said: I have long sought to know the real Inland Mission, writes in the India. source of the revolutionary spirit of Life of Faith of the effects of Within the Christian move- Jesus. From whence did it spring? ment in Japan, there is a tend- Entirely from His spirit of love. war on the Chinese Church. ency toward a more unified con- Chinese Christians have been trol. The smaller denominations Through the spirit of love He would driven to their knees as never drive from the minds of men all evil thinking and break up systems of before. Heartfelt earnestness is and the many one-church units inequality that all men might exercise to be expected, but the outstand- are on the way to federating and the heaven-given right to enjoy liberty ing thing about their prayers then affiliating with the National and equality. has been the complete absence of Christian Council. Conferences All through His life Jesus opposed bitterness toward Japan, and the are also being held to discuss orthe use of might without right, but

ganic church union, and a spirit mise was correct, and he still has were baptized. Today there are of urgency is noted. his copy. -Monday Morning. 400,000 baptized Christians of the Batuk tribe. Their churches, ~The Christian Century. MALAYA AND THE large and small, dot the land. ISLANDS Making the Dead Give -Missionary Educator. Moslems of Malaya Japan has decided that the Chinese Conference in dead also must contribute to the Christian missions among Mo- Singapore conquest of China. A group of hammedans in Malaya have asdentists recently told the govern- sumed several forms. The first There have been Religious ment that about $2,900,000 in thing to be done is to gain the gold goes each year into graves confidence of the people, and Education Conferences in Singaor cremation urns, so it has been medical aid is one of the most suggested that a dentist be as- effective ways. Christian litera- pore in English, but recently one signed to each crematorium to ture is another. So far, only one remove gold fillings, plates, experiment has been made in in- was held in Chinese for the Chicrowns and teeth from the stitutional work; this is the bodies. boarding school in Malacca, nese Church in Singapore, in started with the idea that work, Here are some of the features to be effective, must be carried which entire responsibility for of a vast program of retrench- on outside the village environment: chemists in the Ministry ment, where Christian influence the program was assumed by of Agriculture are tanning rat has a better chance to operate. skins in their search for a leather One of the most recent experi- Chinese pastors and lay workers. substitute, and match makers are ments in establishing good-will asked to reduce the length of the contacts with the Malays has It continued for four days, June match by .029 inches. Shorten- been teaching the Malay women ing of the match stick, it is esti- to read. This has been made 28-July 1, at the new. Foochow mated, would save enough in a possible through the application year to keep the army going in of the system by Dr. Laubach, of Methodist Church. ,There were China, at the present rate of ex- the Philippine Islands, to the penditure, for about one hour Malay language. It has proved delegations from every Methodand five minutes. to be very successful, and thus another door has been opened. ist and Presbyterian Chinese -Alliance Weekly. -Christian Advocate. church of Singapore, Johore and Miserliness Saves a Bible! The Gospel in Sumatra Malacca districts, as well as While Syenchun, one of the largest Christian centers in One hundred and four years from Seremban and Sitiawan. Chosen, has active church groups ago, two American missionaries, and a living spirit of evangelism, Lyman and Munson, made the The men and women were it is a different story in a village first attempt to carry the Gospel barely three miles from there. to the pagan race of one-time about equal in number; the Voluntary Christian workers cannibals in Sumatra, called who went out from Syenchun to Batuks. Twice some of the Ba- women made their contribution conduct services and w 0 r k tuks had been killed by Mohama m 0 n g non – Christians were medans because they would not to the program equal to that of pelted with rocks; the Christian embrace the faith of Islam. villagers had even worse experi- Thinking these two white mis- the men, and were particularly ences, some were beaten and all sionaries were Mohammedans, were abused in one way or an- come to kill them, they promptly prominent in the demonstration other. Finally, local police took put them to death, and feasted a hand and jailed the most vio- on their flesh. For 25 years, ,no classes and in the smaller discuslent persecutors for one day. one dared go again. When the sion groups. Opposition was checked, but not Batuks at last realized that the ill feeling. missionaries were their friends, One day was devoted to each the way was opened for others to One young man had bought go with the Gospel message, and of four themes: children's work; five copies of the New Testament almost at once the Batuk people and his grandfather burned embraced Christianity. This re- young people's work; work them all. Then, hoping that the markable fact has no parallel in old man's penurious disposition the history of the Church today. with adults and work in the would keep him from destroying Thousands of these once cannisomething that cost a great deal, bals accepted the Gospel and community. 0 the r features he bought a very expensive copy of the New Testament. His sur- were: Church music and Sing- ing, Chinese Literacy work and methods of teaching illiterates Romanized Hokkien, and recrea- tional programs for young peo- ple. -Malaysia Message.

Filipino Christian Projects Dr. William H. Crothers, now beginning his second year of vol- untary service as member of the faculty of Union Theological Seminary, Manila, tellS' what he saw on a tour of missionary projects in the Philippines: "We saw self – supporting churches at their worship; met enough evangelical Christians in places of responsibility to know how far out of proportion to their numbers is their influence; saw three of our mission hospi- tals actually enlarging or plan- ning expansion; we saw, in fact, church history in the making- the love of Christ animating men

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

and women and children, mold- one who cannot use his brains they may be used for religious ining their lives and motivating for such purpose. They came to struction if it is so requested. institutions. If the thousands of realize that education is essenmen and women who, for the tial to progress. -Manila Daily Bulletin. love of that same Lord, have given offerings that have made Today, teachers are trained MISCELLANEOUS this work possible could have at Davuilevu, which has in addiseen what we have seen, they tion to the Normal School a pri- The Problem of the Jew would, in this dark day in the mary school, technical school Orient, thank God and take some and theological seminary. From There are evidences of incourage." -Monday Morning. this center come some of Fiji's creasing anti-Jewish feeling in best men. As a still further America and Great Britain. This An Old Timer Returns equipment for life, agricultural situation moved a group of training is provided at Navuso. Christians last spring to suggest A soldier who had served in Nor has the education of girls special days of prayer for Israel the. Philippines from 1898 to been neglected. Several schools on the first Sundays of July and 1902 recently revisited the teach them the principles of October, 1938, and January and I s I and s. Astonished at the hygiene and the art of cooking, April, 1939. Five suggestions changes he saw, he asked a needlework and home-building. for prayer have been made: friend how it was that the na- T hat anti-Semitism may be tives had made such unparalleled -The Missionary Review averted in the United States, progress. The friend promptly (Australia) . that Christians everywhere may named as factors in the prog- share something of Christ's love ress, the Filipinos' disposition to Quezon Rebukes Catholic for His brethren, that Israel will advice, the spirit of the Taft Church look to God for help and not to Commission, American teachers nations, that American nations and American missionaries. On the eve of his departure will have a share in the care of Noting an incredulous expres- for Japan, President Quezon of Jewish refugees, and that the sion at the mention of mission- the Philippines, issued a strong present issues in Palestine may aries, he added : "Yes, mission- rebuke to the Catholic Church in be settled as God would have aries. In proportion to their the Philippines. This was in re- them settled. number, no group did more to ply to an ecclesiastical letter, interpret to the Filipinos the urging a boycott of schools "Hadassah," the Women's Zispirit of America, and to assist where religion is not taught. onist Organization of America, them to assimilate its civil, edu- The President accused the has to date raised sufficient cational and religious freedom. Church of trying to meddle in funds to transfer and provide They discussed the personal and for 2,200 German and Polish community problems of the peo- affairs of State, and warned that Jewish children, and to settle ple on the plane of sympathy and this will not be tolerated. Among them in Palestine. Up to the friendship, and visited the hum- other things, Quezon, himself a present, 1500 Austrian Jewish blest of them as good Samari- boys and girls have applied to a tans."-Madras News Service. Catholic, said: Palestine Bureau in Vienna for similar transfer to Palestine. Education for Fijians It should be unnecessary to remind A Jewish rabbi of Lexington, A former student of the Meth- the ecclesiastical authorities in the Ky., VIsited Germany with a odist Boys' School in Suva gives Sherwood Eddy group last June, the Fijian point of view regard- Philippines that the separation of relying upon his United States ing education. Early Methodist passport to protect him from asmissionaries were the first to Church and State in this country is sault. He says that the situation build schools to teach Fijian in Nazi Germany has not been youngsters what they needed to a reality and not a mere theory; and overdrawn, and that all Jews know. The results were wonder- there are facing starvation by ful. Those early schools were that as far as our people are con- 1940. He calls attention to the held in the village church, if fact that cutting off these people there was one; otherwise, out cerned, it is forever settled that this from purchasing power will of doors. Lessons were mostly have its effect on economic consums and the vernacular; how- separation shall be maintained as one ditions, and the closing of Jewever, to know something is bet- ish stores will be reflected in all ter than to know nothing, and of the cardinal tenets of our govern- the industries. In his opinion, this paved the way for Fijian the faith of the Jew is not failparents to wish their children to ment. . . . . ing him. By hundreds, they are have an education, for they saw worshipping in their synathe contrast between the child If I were inclined to interfere in gogues.-I. C. C. A. J. N ew.'l who has learned to read and the Sheet, Dayton, Ohio, News. the affairs of the Church, as the School Curricula Revised Catholic bishops are attempting to do Some idea of what follows with the affairs of the State, I would when a conquering army enters tell the Archbishop and the bishops of the ecclesiastical province of Cebu that it is their lack of Sunday schools and catechists to teach the Catholic religion that is mainly responsible for the deplorable ignorance of their own religion that is found among Catholic youth.

Moreover, if the desire is to have hours exclusively devoted to religious instruction in the public schools, so that the regular school activities may not interfere with said instruction, I am placing Saturdays and Sundays at the disposal of all the ministers of all the religions existing in the Phil- ippines. On Saturdays and Sundays, the public schools are not being used for school purposes and, therefore,

a country may be had from in- The first task of the Council attention to the remarkable genformation sent by Dr. S. C. Ziegler, United Brethren missionary will be to aid in keeping up the erosity of Jews toward Chrisin North China. In regard to education he says: standards, professional and spir- tians. Christian refugees from The Japanese acquired control of a itual, of the medical and nursing Germany and Austria have delarge area so rapidly that it was impossible for them to handle immedi- appointees of the various mis- pended in large measure upon ately all the problems that arose. Revision of the curriculum was dealt sion boards. A second task will Jewish help. with in only the sketchiest fashion. Military training, Boy Scouting and be the study of environments in The lot of Christians of Jewish civics, which had been a part of the political training imposed on the many countries with a view to origin is even more unfortunate schools by the nationalist party, were suggesting to the societies ways than that of the Jews. They immediately abolished. A Codex Expurgatus for the textbooks used in in which their medical work were doubly outcasts. They were the other subjects was issued, and whole pages that offended them had may become better related to the not Jews, because their parents to be torn out, while separate para- churches, to government health or grandparents had embraced graphs and sentences had to be deleted programs, and to developing sys- Christianity, and they were not under the teachers' direction. For the tems of national medical prac- recognized as German citizens coming semester primary schools are tice. forbidden to use any of the textbooks because they had some tincture formerly issued in China. New ones now being printed in Japan are prom- of Jewish blood. It is underised in a month. In the meantime, we How Much Is a Man Worth? stood that the Council will enhave to mimeograph lesson sheets to use. Japanese as a foreign language An exchange comments on the deavor to assist Christian and has been added as a required subject damages allowed in accident other non-Jewish people who are from the fifth grade through the cases, and asks what is the true' fleeing from Germany, Austria twelfth. The general trend is toward value of a human being. A boy and Sudetenland. the elimination of Western ideas and -Life of Faith. influences, and bringing in classical lost his hand and the courts al- Chinese and pro-Japanese ideas. Recently all teachers were required to lowed him $1,700 damages, but attend a three-day institute conducted later, when he lost his other Christian Youth Conference by Chinese and Japanese officials, at which the invincibility of Japan and arm, he was allowed $2,000 dam- In the list of encouraging the desirability of a Japan-Manchu- age. An eighteen months old kuo-China alliance against the West child toddled out into the alley trends of today must be classed and the white race were loudly pro- where rubbish had been burned, the increasing number of youth cla.imed. and three toes were injured. conferences, and camps. One Damage, $750. A young wom- was held at Bievres, France, in -Dayton Daily News. an, injured in an auto wreck in August, when 60 leaders from 23 Omaha, was given $9,500 by the Christian Medical Council court. A girl going abroad to countries formulated plans for a buy perfume had her nose in- World Conference of Christian The Christian Medical Coun- Youth, to be held in Amsterdam, cil for Overseas Work was es- sured for $50,000. Because of Holland, July 24-August 2, 1939. tablished in New York on June her back being broken in an ac- The delegates represented the 3, 1938, by twelve missionary you t h organizations of the societies of North Arne ric a cident a girl was allowed $38,- churches, the Y. M. C. A.~ the which have long sought a way 000. A Kansas City lad injured Y. W. C. A., the World's Student by which their medical work by a live wire so that he could Christian Federation, the Ecumight become better correlated never smile was allowed by the menical Youth Commission of at home and more effectively in- courts $20,000. A boy's ability the World Alliance for Internategrated with the needs of the to smile is quite worth while. A tional ~riendship through the environment abroad. They have motorcycle officer in Omaha was already created an office for su- allowed $30,000 damage for loss Churches and the Provisional pervision of the health of their of a leg while on duty. Ian Ku- Committee of the proposed workers abroad. This agency belik had the fingers of his left World Council of Churches. has been at work in New York hand insured for $250,000 while City for over five years and is a Paderewski carries $10,000,000 The program is to have four conspicuous example of comity insurance on his fingers. The basic emphases. The first is to among missionary societies. It question is, if parts of the body is the stated purpose of the are so valuable, what is the stress solidarity by setting forth Council, "to discover what, un- value of a soul? the essential content of their der changing conditions, should common Christian faith; the be the unique contribution of second is an approach to the Christianity through medicine; problems of the day through inand, as an advisory body, to aid the societies in making that con- Aid for Christian Refugees tensive, daily study of the Bible; tribution effective." the third discussion of actual In the Jerusalem Chamber of next steps to be undertaken by Westminster Abbey, in October, Christian young people; and there was inaugurated a Central fourth, an effort to place all of Council for Christian Refugees. these elements of the program in It is estimated that the migra- a setting of ecumenical worship tion from Sudetenland will in- in which the theme of the day volve 100,000 Germans, 30,000 and the aspirations of the dele- Jews and 400,000 Czechs. Sir gates are brought together be- John Simpson, who was elected fore God in prayer. Chairman of the Council, calls -Federal Council Bulletin.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information Devotees of Christ. By D. S. Batley, study books and will prove in- Himself. The Autobiography of a Illus. 12 mo. 147 pp. 28. Church Hindu Lady. By Ramabai Ranada. of England Zenana Missionary So- teresting reading for mission ciety. London. 1938. study circles. Translated from the Marathi by Mrs. Katherine VanAkin Gates.

If anyone still has a doubt Dr. Ida, India. By Mary Pauline Jef- 8 vo. 253 pp. $2.00. Longmans Green & Co. New York. 1938. about the conversion of Indian fery. Introduction by Mrs. Henry women to Christ and the value W. Peabody. Illus. 212 pp. $2.00. This is a very delightful of such "new birth," this book Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. by Miss Batley of the C. E. Z. 1938. autobiography of a Hindu wom- M. S. will supply uncontestable an, married to an educated Hinevidence. They not only became Anyone in America at all in- du reformer whom she refers to Christians but efficient workers formed about mISSIOns, and as "Himself." They never befor Christ. As the Right Hon. many in India not so informed, came Christians but continued to Viscount Halifax, former British will know that this book tells observe many Hindu rites and Viceroy of India says in his in- the thrilling story of Dr. Ida S. customs. The interesting story troduction, "These women, by Scudder, President of the Medi- reveals the highest kind of famtheir noble work, accomplished cal College for Women at Vel- ily, public and religious life much in their time." The stories lore, South India. And it is a among educated Indians. The of some twenty-three of these truly wonderful story – fuB of wife, married at the age of women are told here and told ef- stirring incidents and inspira- eleven, was later the founder of fectively. Almost all of them tion. the Seva Sedan Society, to uplift were connected with the Church Indian womanhood. The picture of England missions, but many It is an indication of the place is not typical of India any more others equally remarkable came Dr. Ida holds in India that a let- than are the sordid pictures in out through the work of Bap- ter from America, addressed "Mother India," but Mrs. Ratists, Presbyterians, Methodists with only the three English nade shows the brighter side of and others. words that form the title of this the picture and uses language book, should reach Dr. Scudder that might refer to the Jewish The biographies are very brief in a land of over 350,000,000 or Moslem religion. There is no but enough facts are given to people living in over 740,000 Christ in their thought or expemake them interesting reading. cities and villages and speaking rience so that the Christian view over thirty languages! of sin, salvation, God and eternal Some names are well known like life is not mentioned. Chandra Lela, Pandita Ramabai, The life story tells of Dr. Ida's famous grandfather, John Scud- Ellen Lakshinie Goreh and Susie der, and his call to India; of the It Began in Galilee. A Study in Sorabji. Others are known only father John who followed to the Revolutionary Christianity. By to a few outside of their immedi- same field; then .of Ida's mis- Reginald J. Barker, Director of the ate circles-but they are worth chievous girlhood and the "three Methodist Central Mission in Tonyknowing-women like Shuruth calls in the night" that led her to pandy (Wales). 317 pages. $2.50. Mohini Datta and Marmarna devote her life to the neglected Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Tenn.

Bose. Most of them have gone women of India. Most criticisms of Christian- to their reward but some are still Dr. Ida of India has built up ity are directed against some excarrying on their devoted serv- the large Christian hospital, isting form of it. But the critics ice. They came from many walks nurses' training school and Med- of the revolutionary Christianity of life and all had tasted the un- ical College in South India. To here proposed will have to direct satisfying fruits of Hinduism or the advantages of good birth, their shafts against the theory, other Indian religions before thorough education, beauty and not the practice, for the precise they found peace and satisfac- unusual ability are added, in Dr. gravamen of Mr. Barker's tion in Christ. They entered into Scudder, co u rag e, Christian charge (so far as he is critical) Christ's service as preachers, character and a vital fellowship is that unless Christianity is revteachers, mothers, doc tor s , with Christ. olutionary it is not real, and that nurses, matrons and Bible wom- The book gives much valuable therefore most actual types of en. Here is an excellent sup- information on India-caste, dis- this religion, as now exemplified, plementary volume to this year's ease, women and children. are not genuine. What Mr.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[617 ]

Barker proposes, however, is not Barker sees only failure for any upon Christ's head, if he has not set forth as something newly in- revolutionary movement, how- first crowned Him King and ever much he may sympathize Lord of his own life." vented and therefore untried. During the making of this book with their aims, which does not An Epilogue offers an answer he has re-read the New Testa- include re-making of men by the to the question any reader would ment many times-and with vig- power of Jesus Christ. Individ- ask: If the present state of ualistic (traditional) Christian- things is so diametrically unorous results. He goes straight ity fails because it is essentially Christian, and if not only the to the New Testament for the State but the Church opposes al- selfish and other-worldly, and most every attempt to right the bases of his contentions: that therefore is false to Christ and world, how can genuine Christi- Christianity is in essence revolu- to the Word of God; secular so- anity get a start? The author sees no mass-movement, but a tionary, not simply for the indi- cialism and revolutionary anti- few outstanding personalities, an vidual but for society; that per- Christian com m u n ism are "order" cutting across all fron- doomed also to fail because they tiers, perhaps forced out of orsonal and social Christianity are ganized Christianity and cominseparable. The light of the do not aim at inner transforma- pelled to found a church-life of Gospel upon this world, and our tion. The revolutionary appeal its own; filled with power, swinging open the gates of civilization in it, has never been "must be evangelical to be effec- prayer again, knowing God not turned more unsparingly and tive. . . . The Christian ethic only in limited interior ways but in the whole gamut of human exvividly than in this book. The as an ethic is impossible; as a perience. author re-examines carefully the religion it is gloriously possible." KENNETH J. FOREMAN. records and the ideal in Gospels Unlike some who have been and Epistles, surveys the present strongly moved by the social China Marches Toward the Cross. By Earl H. Cressey, Executive Secstate of the world, and concludes challenge of the Gospel, the au- retary of the China Christian Eduthat if the true Gospel of Christ thor does not ignore theology. cational Assn. Pamphlet. 25 cents. were really preached and prac- On the contrary, his social pro- Friendship Press. New York. 1938. ticed it would mean a revolution. gram is entwined with his re- Here is a timely pamphlet on Mr. Barker means just what ligious beliefs. He is no Calvin- the Japanese invasion of China he says. Many persons assent and its effect on the land, the lazily to the proposition that ist, but his brilliant excoriation people and Christian missions. of Calvinism is less an indication First the author, an American Christianity would make a dif- of that system as it is preached Baptist missionary for 28 years ference, if practiced. Where Mr. and now on the China Christian Barker differs is in proposing today than a reflection of the ef- Council staff, gives a brief statethat we do something about it; fect that a high Barthianism has ment as to the Marco Polo and in envisaging the revolution on a sensitive and social-minded Bridge incident in July, 1937, in concrete economic-social that was used as an excuse for Christian. the Japanese military advance. terms. Capitalism is flatly de- Even those who cannot go all The result has been increasing solidarity, resistance and announced; absolute pacifism is the way with the author can tagonism to Japanese on the part held up as the only really Chris- profit from reading such a book. of Chinese sufferers. tian position; repeatedly the No one can read it with compla- In the midst of this suffering saying is quoted, that "the bias cency. A gift at pointed phrase- and cruelty the story of the sacof the disciple who has the mind making makes truth stick. Al- rificial service of Christian mis- sionaries stands out as an epic of Christ, will always be towards most at random one may note: of heroism. They have defied communism." The truly radical "They were pricked to the threats, danger, suffering and nature of Christ's religion is so death. Men and single women heart-by the sharp point of the have stuck to their posts in order plain, we are told, that only those that they might minister to the can miss it who are comfortably Cross which had been driven Chinese refugees and wounded. cushioned in their own security. into the heart of God." "His The story quoted from various centers is thrilling and might be A Christian who speaks thus death was necessary for the greatly enlarged. should have earned the right to hard-hearted whose ve r y re- spectability obscured the i r Chapter three describes some do so; and Mr. Barker, as head need." of the work of relief, the exodus of a Methodist mission in the from invaded areas and the refamous (or infamous) Welsh "The Cross is no historic trick sults of air-raids. Christian to appease an angry God; it is work in "occupied" areas is the coal-mining district, has not only the eternal truth of God and His seen the end-results of capital- way with man in all his history." ism in a "Christian" country but has given his own life to bring a "The Kingdom (of God) is Christian solution. our world seen under the aspect The distinctive feature of this of the universal sovereignty of author's viewpoint is the God." "The significance of Jesus can warmth of his evangelical fervor, his high reverence for never be taught as a doctrine; Christ, and his deep-rooted it is born of that knowledge Christian faith. In no irritable which comes from love of him." or sarcastic spirit, but in love, "It remains true, however, that no man can lift a hand to place moves the entire argument. Mr. the crowns of earth's kingdoms

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

subject of chapter four. Mis- only once and then merely to re- Church and the Oxford Group," sionaries and Chinese Christians fer to an incident, his theological and that the Church should not have carried on with increasing viewpoint is apparently the same be "guilty of the insensate folly vigor, in spite of heavy losses. as that of the first four chapters of rejecting unity with any force Most of the mission stations re- of that formerly much discussed that can help in the winning of main open and active and thir- but now half forgotten volume. the spiritual world war." Critics teen of the great Christian edu- He holds that "the answer to of the "Groups" may not relish cational institutions are still in present world turmoil is a new such a characterization. The operation but eight of them have Christianity freed from the dog- book as a whole is excellent, a moved to new locations. Their matic metaphysics of the Catho- fervent summons to Christians enrolment is 4,305 compared lic Church, and from both the to get in pe'rsonal touch with God with 7,098 for the previous year. irresponsible otherworldliness of and unite in a spiritual mass The great Chinese trek to the Lutheranism and the legalistic movement which God can mobil- "new West" is briefly described conception of Calvinism." He ize for the salvation of the world. as the greatest mass movement strongly urges a "liberal Prot- ARTHUR J. BROWN.

of population in modern history. estantism" w h i c h "recognizes Factories, public buildings, rail- the will of God as supreme over Toward a Literate World. By Rev. roads and bridges have been de- all life, individual and national," FTank C. Laubach, Ph.D. Foreword stroyed in the path of the in- a Christianity the heart of which by Prof. Edward L. Thorndike of vaders. The last chapter (Nine) is the revelation of God in Columbia University. 8vo. 175 pp. describes the present missionary Christ, and the goal of which is $1.50. Columbia University Press. New York. 1938.

"opportunity." The prestige of the Kingdom of God as Jesus Dr. Laubach's short cut meth- Christianity was never so high described it. Those who do not od of teaching illiterates to read and people everywhere are ready as well as those who do agree and write has created quite a to listen to the Gospel proclaimed with some of Dr. White's state- stir not only among the Moros by men and women who are giv- ments and theological presuppo- of the Philippines where it was ing their lives for China and are sitions will find much in this revealing Christ by their acts as thoughtful and remarkably in- originally tried, but in India, well as by their words. teresting book in which they will Africa, and other lands. Dr. heartily concur. This book furnishes material Laubach has been called "an for many missionary addresses. ARTHUR J. BROWN. evangelist of literacy" who carries on his campaign success- A Working Faith for the World. By The Church Can Save the World. By fully among all classes of people. Hugh Vernon White. 213 pp. Samuel M. Shoemaker. 162 pp. He estimates the illiterates of $2.00. Harper & Bros. New York. $1.5!J. Harper & Brothers, New 1938. York. 1938. the world at 62 % of the popula- Although Dr. White became The rector of Calvary Protest- tion and in some countries it is sec ret a r y of the American ant Episcopal Church, New Board of Commissioners for York, has earned the right to be as high as 90 %. The progress Foreign Missions only seven heard and read. At the age of thirty-two, he took an old down- toward literacy has been steady during the past thirty years but it has been slow. By Dr. Lau- bach's method illiterates have years ago, he has already won a town Protestant E pis cop a I learned to read their native recognized place a m 0 n g the church (Calvary), with a large tongue in a few weeks. This scholarly thinkers and writers plant and a small congregation; will be of immense advantage in on missionary problems. The his flaming zeal has made it an general education and in openthesis of his present volume is evangelistic powerhouse in that ingavenues of Christian truth. well expressed in its title. He part of the city. . The present What has been accomplished and presses for a "faith" that volume, like its predecessors, the method, form a fascinating "works." In Part I, "Christian- shows that he has something to story. Missionaries and educaity a World Faith," he discusses say and that he knows how to tors in backward countries will the world's need of a unifying say it in straight-forward fash- be especially interested in Dr. faith, the different kinds of reli- ion. He believes that the situa- Laubach's story and many will gion, the role of religion in hu- tion at home and abroad is omi- be eager to apply his principles man life, and the effect of reli- nous with peril, but that the to their own people. The achievegion on civilization. In Part II, Church can yet be used to save ments among the Moros and the "Christianity at Work," he dis- the world if its members will influence on their whole life and cusses the religious character of dedicate themselves to the task thought constitute a miracle of the world mission, "sharing and in full surrender to the guidance progress.

beyond," and the two poles of of God. His viewpoint is that of the Christian movement. Part the "Oxford Group," of which he Directory of World Missions. Edited III describes the "Objectives of is the recognized leader in the by Joseph 1. Parker. 8 vo. 255 pp. Christianity" as Christian truth, United States. His zeal leads International Missionary Council. Christian personality, and Chris- him to declare that "antichrist New York. 1938. tian community. While he men- has been busy attempting to This companion volume to the tions "Re-Thinking Missions," wedge apart the organized "Statistical Survey" gives the

main facts-names, addresses, subsistence by hard work. The do not believe, in the hope of officers, periodicals and fields of reward 'Of toil, outside of char- winning their assent but we the mission boards, societies, col- acter and personality building, meet with disappointment. Why leges and councils connected is kept before the reader in the with Protestant foreign mis- form of wage'S or returns for is this? Such books are good sions. Merely this brief direc- service. The change of wages and useful, but· is there some tory impresses one with the mag- in various economies is carefully other approach to which Chrisnitude of the enterprise. Over considered as related to China. tianity must turn? Canon 1,100 organizations are listed Barry's restatement is firm and (without duplications abo u t The 3,000 years of feudalism persuasive-a genuine and hon- 1,000) ; these are related to nine- in China repeated many condi- est service to the Christian teen denominational families and tions found in the world tQday, cause. He himself, no doubt, independent groups. The Pres- showing the way to organic CQ- feels the perplexity. Our Chrisbyterians and the Reformed rep- operation among variQus ecoresent the largest number of so- nomic groups. The study of tian case is clear. Why then do cieties, (83); the Lutherans wages is fruitful for the scholar, men not believe? That is our come next (60); the Methodists the agriculturalist, the me- problem. The Gospel of John is next (43); and the Baptists chanic, the tradesman and 'Other full of answers to it. (42) . Independent and "Faith" workers but nQt to the militarist missions are not separately whose life is built on the philoso- R. E. SPEER. listed, but they number over 175, phy of force. union enterprises. 275 and indig- Steps Toward the World Council. enous societies over 100. The This book traces the primal By Charles S. McFarland. 8 vo. independent "Faith" missions cell of China in society toances- 128 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell have had an especially large tral relations and then thrQugh Co., New York. 1938. growth in the past twenty-five property holding, bartering and years. This reference volume is the problems of industrial diffi- The recent Conference at particularly valuable for mission- culties. Facts as to' incQme, the Utrecht, Holland, draws attenary executives. cost 'Of living and the means of tion to the movement for church subsistence are carefully CQm- unity. The next step seems to Adventures of Service. Stories of piled. In an estimated popula- bet h e "World Council 'Of Modern Pioneers. By D. M. Gill and tion of 474,569,181 or 80% are Churches," proposed at the Ox- A. M. Pullen. 127 pp. $1.00; paper, active in agriculture. The me- ford and Edinburgh Conferen- 50 cents. Friendship Press. New chanical trades are growing in ces. Dr. McFarland, who was York. 1938. number and their products are the first Secretary of the Fed- becoming diversified. These eral Council of Churches of Here are eight stories of facts help the missionary to Christ in America, presents a pioneers who worked against gauge, not only the condition but brief history of the Movement, heavy odds to help their fellow the possible support to be ex- showing the need, progress and men and women. Some are well pected fQr the Church and its some of the suggested plans; known -like Jane Addams and institutiQns. Booker T. Washington. Others Victory Through Youth. By Luther are comparatively unknown- While there is nO' direct ref- J. Holcomb. Booklet. 83 pp. 25 like John Flynn of Central Aus- erence to the Christian mission- cents. Boardman Press, Nashville, tralia, Edward Wilson of the ary enterprise as such, every- Tenn. 1938. Antarctic Scott Expedition and thing in the book bears some re- Sophia Jex-Blake of Scotland lation to missions and to all life It is estimated that over 15,- who opened the medical profes- as related to sound economic sion to women. They a'"8 read- principles. JOHN M. G. DARMS. 000,000 young people under the able stories told fQr young people. Additional facts, a few What Has Christianity to Say? By age of thirty are connected with dates and names of places are F. R. Barry. 192 pp. $2.00. Haradded in the notes in the ap- pers. New York. Protestant churches in America. pendix. Canon Barry deals in this At least 10,000,000 are Roman Der Arbeitslohn in China. By Prof. fresh and refreshing book with Dr. Paul Arndt, Dr. Djini-Schen the modern world in its sickness Catholics and 40,000,000 are and Dr. Chii-Fen-Lo. R. M. 9. and with the Gospel worded to Hans Buske, Leipzig. the mind and speech of the mod- outside any church. One-half 'Of ern world a'S the one remedy for Every missionary to China its disease. To us who believe these are between twelve and will find great prQfit from read- it seems that such a statement, ingthis illuminating and inform- meeting the modern mind in its thirty years of age. Mr. Holative book. Evidently it was own habitat, ought to be conwritten after years of research, vincing. Of many present-day comb, a young man, writes of and from first-hand knQwledge statements of the Christian view of the field, by men who gained we have this feeling. And often the need of these youth for a we give these books to men who spiritual revival. The first sec- tion deals with planning a re- vival, suggesting committees and their work. The second part is a series of ten very short mes- sages from such men as Dr.

George W. Truett, J. H. Pace and Norman W. Cox. While the general tenor is Baptist, the whole book relates to youth and their spiritual revival. It has a definite message and practical value. •

Missionary BookshelF Prisoner of War 31,163-Bedros M. Dr. William Pierson Merrill

Sharian. Ernest Pye. 202 pp. recently resigned from the pastorate $1.50. Revell. New York. (Concludea from page 620.) of the Brick Presbyterian Church in New York City, has been elected A Year of Children's Sermons. By Soudan's Second Sunup. Desmond W. President of the International Com- Joseph A. Schofield, Jr. 192 pp. Bittinger. 254 pp. $2.00. Elgin mittee of the World Alliance for In- $1.50. Cokesbury Press, Nashville, Press. Elgin, Ill. ternational Friendship through the Tenn. 1938. Churches. Dr. Merrill is also Presi- Studies in Church Unity. Angus Dun. 48 pp. World Conference on Faith The pastor of the First Pres- and Order. New York. dent of the Church Peace Union. byterian Church of Gouverneur, Urban Scene. Margueritte Harmon New York, has acquired the art Bro. Illus. 61 pp. 25 cents. Friend- … … * of preaching also to adults ship Press. New York. through his talks to children, Vivid Experiences in Korea. William Rev. J. Quinter Miller, Ph.D., has without seeming to do so. All H. Chisholm. 136 pp. $1.00. Bible succeeded Dr. Roy B. Guild as Executhe stories in this volume of Institute Colportage Assn. Chicago. tive Secretary of the Federal Counfifty-two sermons-and they are The Spirit of the Shepherd. M. P. cil's Field Department. Dr. Miller real sermons, each based upon a Krikorian. 125 pp. $1.00. Zon- will continue to carry part-time re- Scripture te~an be adapted dervan Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. sponsibility in the work of the Con- necticut Council of Churches.

… … * Rev. Eleazar Guerra has been elected Bishop of the Methodist Church of Mexico. He is a graduate to local audiences. In some of Studies in Hymnology. Mrs. Crosby of the Southern Methodist University them, simple objects are used as Adams. 96 p:p,. $1.00. Cokesbury of Dallas, Texas. Press. NashvIlle. illustrations. H. H. F. .. * .. The Star in the East. C. Darby Ful- Sclrsi.ptu6are. Calendars for 1939. lB. and ton. 264 pp. Presbyterial). Com- Kemal Ataturk, President and each. Pickering & Inglis. mittee on Publication. founder of modern Turkey, died on November 10th at 58 years of age. The Victory Life. John Wilmot Ma- He is succeeded in the presidency by London and Glasgow. General Ismet Inonu, former Premier and sometimes called "the conscience These daily calendars combine hood. 120 pp. 35 cents. Zonder- of Ataturk." The late president was dates, Scripture texts, and com- van Pub. Co. Grand Rapids. regarded as a military genius who ments from well known Bible seized the reigns of power at the end teachers. The larger calendars What Has Christianity to Say? F. of the World War in 1918 and built a (with the comments from men R. Barry. $21.00. 190 pp. Harper dictatorship (nominally a republic) on like D. L. Moody, Horatius Bo- Bros. New York. the ruins of the Caliphate of Constan- tinople. The new president is expected The Way of Partnership in India. P. L. Garlick. Is. 86 pp. C. M. S. nar, F. B. Meyer, Arthur T. Pier- London. son, Campbell Morgan, Graham to continue constructive work in Tur- Scroggie, Hudson Taylor and Youth in the Toils. Leonard V. Har- key and to preserve friendship with others) are one shilling six pence rison and Pryor McNeill Grant. Great Britain and the Soviet Union. each; the others are one shilling. 167 pp. $1.50. Macmillan. New He is looked upon as an able soldier, York. a talented diplomat and a stern ruler.

There are also almanacs and di- Personal Items He was said to be responsible for aries that make very useful gifts abolishing the Moslem Caliphate, –especially to missionaries. closing religious schools and monas- teries, and forcing Turks to discard Dr. Hu Shih, the new Chinese am- the fez and wear hats. bassador at Washington, is the highest type of Chinese practical philosopher New Boole. and sage, with an American education. J)pmn~ He is not a professing Christian like. Central Africa Revisited. D. M. Mil- his predecessor Dr. C. T. Wang, but ler. 120 pp. 2s. Africa Inland is sympathetic with Christian ethics of tbe and ideals. Dr. Hu Shih is anti-mili- Mission. London. taristic and has been working for peace and unity in China, based on Cruickshank of Calabar. 6aA. lePxiacnkdeerr- literacy unity with a common national €btf~tfan Gammie. 110 pp. 2s. tongue, general education and agreeing & Inglis. London.

Five Times Ten. A Child's Story of ment in ideals. He uses politics to 1fft the Woman's Missionary Union. promote education, unity and liberty ell BOOK of worship in song, com- Myrtle Anderson Love. 64 pp. 25 based on it general recognition of the bining a hymnal for general cents. Broadman Press. Nashville. rights of man. He wrote in The Forum in 1927: church use, and a Song book for evan- Interpretative Statistical Survey of ~elistic purposes. Oilly songs sound the World Mission of the Chris- "The part played by the mission- tian Church. Edited by Joseph I. aries in the modernization of China In the faith and inspirational in char- Parker. 324 pp. $5.00. Interna- will long be remembered by the Chi- acter included—emphasizing Evan~e1- tional Missionary Council. New nese, even though no Christian church ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. York. be left there. They were the pioneers of the new China. . . . They agitated against foot binding, which eight cen- Japanese Terror in China. H. J. Tim- turies of esoteric philosophizing in na- Many of the new—the best of the old. perley. 220 pp. 75 cents. Modern tive China had failed to recognize as Age Books. New York. an inhuman institution." 504 Songs Responsive Readings The Man by the Side of the Road. … … * Topical Index Gold Embossed Willard W. Bartlett. 62 pp. 50 cents. Albert Pub. Co. Westerville, George H. Theuer, a graduate of Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Ohio. Yale University Sheffield Scientific edition only at $65.00 per 100–an especially School and a member of the Evan- low price. Single copy, 8Sc postpaid.

Write toda, for returnable sample cop, Patches-Missionary Life in India as gelical Church, has been called to be CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS, Inc. Seen by a Dog. Loretta P. Root. associate secretary of the Student Illus. 98 pp. $1.00. Women's Mis- Volunteer Movement, 254 Fourth 1502 NORTH THIRD STREET sionary Society, Winona Lake, Ind. Avenue, New York. HARRISBUR.G, PA.

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The Missionary Review of the World — June 1937

JUNE,1937

Rural America Number Challenge of the Rural Community Mark A. Dawber The Forgotten Man of the Back Road Ann Mitchell Neglected Fields in Rural America William R. King Farm Tenants and Sharecroppers Chas. M. McConnell Twenty"Five Years Ago and Now Ross J. Griffeth Keeping the Fountains Clean Henry W. McLaughlin Case Workers in Rural Areas Hilda L. Ives As a Farmer's Wife Sees It Nina B. Hewitt A Rural Pastor's Job Mark Rich One Solution-The Larger Parish Ellsworth M. Smith Cooperation in a Rural Community Edward D. Hamner A Church of the Countryside Coe Hayne Ministry of a Rural Colporter John C. Killian Importance of Pioneer Sunday Schools John M. Somerndike 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

MEETING OF SUMMER CONFERENCES AND .The

THE REVIEW SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS A weekly religious newspaper in The annual meeting of The Mission- Council of Women for Home Mis- its lo6th year of continuous pubary Review Publishing Company was sions and Affiliated with the lication under the same name. held at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, Committee on Women's Work, on February 18, 1937. A financial re- Foreign Missions Conference It is conservative and evangelport for the calendar year, 1936, was ical, gets its news by telegraph presented by the Treasurer, Mr. Wal- June 19-26-Lake Geneva, Wis. Mrs. and keeps abreast of the times. ter McDougall, showing a deficit of T. A. Freeman, 427 Greenwood $1,394.88. The representative of the Blvd.; Evanston, Ill. It goes into every state of the Evangelical Press, Rev. David Fant, Union, the District of Columbia, stated that the renewal of subscrip- June 20-26-Boulder, Colo. President, and U. S. possessions. tions to THE REVIEW are over 80%, Mrs. Henry F. Hoffman, 741 Adams an unusually high proportion. The St., Denver, Colo. It goes to Asia and Africa, South Secretary, Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, America, Canada and New Zealand reported that the special numbers on June 21-27-Winona Lake, Ind. Miss and into twelve countries of Euthe American Negro and Missions in Minnie Rumsey, N. Mayflower Road, rope. Africa, published during the year had Lake Forest, Ill.. had a very gratifying sale and that Subscription Price, • • $2.50 special numbers on Rural America and June 26-July 3-Eagles Mere, Pa. Ministerial Rate, • $2.00 Moslem lands are planned for the Miss Muriel C. Post, 907 Lindlay coming year. Ave., Logan, Philadelphia, Pa~ 50c. extra—Canadian postage $1.00 extra—foreign postage The following members of the July 7-15-Northfield, Mass. Miss Board of Directors were elected to Amy O. Welcher, 796 Prospect Ave., THE PRESBYTERIAN succeed themselves: Hartford, Conn. 1217 Market: St:reet:, Philadelphia, Pa. Robert E. Speer, President; A. L. July 10-17 – Mountain Lake Park, Warnshuis, Vice-President; Walter Md. Chairman, Mrs. J. M. Knight, . . ceeded to his father's title in 1913 and McDougall, Treasurer; Delavan L. 207 Roane St., Charleston, W. Va. Pierson, Secretary; Wm. 1. Chamber- was president of the Friends of Arlain, D. J. Fant, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, July 17-24-Mt. Hermon, Calif. Mrs. menia Society. Wm. B. Lipphard, Eric M. North, N. J. Forsberg, 1144 Eddy ~t., San Samuel M. Zwemer, Samuel M. Cavert. Francisco, Calif. …

A special committee was appointed, July 19-23 – Bethesda, Ohio. Miss Rev. Charles L. Goodell, D.D., Secwith Dr. John McDowell as chairman, Mary I. Scott, 310 Tomlinson St., retary Emeritus of the Commission to consider and report on the subject Moundsville, W. Va. on Evangelism of the Federal Council of the future of THE REVIEW. of Churches of Christ in America, August 15-22 – Chautauqua, N. Y. died on April 27 in New York City at Respectfully submitted, Chairman, Miss B. Louise W ood- the age of 82. Dr. Goodell was widely DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary. ford, Candor, N. Y. After August known as an evangelist of the air and 1, Chautauqua, N. Y. gave his Sabbath Reveries every Sun- Dates to Remember day morning for eight years. He was August 19-25 – Kerrville, T e x a s. a highly honored minister of the June 3-8 – T r i e n n i a 1 Convention, Chairman, Mrs. T. M. Cunning- Methodist Episcopal Church and World's W. C. T. U., Washington, ham, 618 West Sydamore, Denton, served several successful pastorates D. C. Texas. in New England and New York. He was born in Dudley, Mass., July 31, June 21-25 – Council on Christian Obituary Notes 1854, the son of Warren Goodell. He Evangelism for Our Day. East was graduated from Boston Univer- Northfield, Mass. w. J. W. Roome, the well-known sity in 1877 and came to New York State in 1896. Dr. Goodell was the June 23-30 – Alliance of Reformed African traveler, died in Tangier, author of m4ny devotional books and Churches Throughout the World Morocco, on March 31, in the 72d year Holding the Presbyterian System. of his age. Mr. Roome was for 30 served a nation.-..wi.d.. e p…arish. Montreal, Canada. years an architect in Belfast, Ireland, but retired at the age of 50 to devote Dr. Adolph Deissmann, well-known June 25-28-Conference of Missionary his remaining years to missionary Christian theologian of Germany, died Workers and the Annual Meeting service. He was secretary of the in Berlin on April 5 at seventy years of the National Fellowship of In- British and Foreign Bible Society for of age. He was born in Langenscheid dian Workers. University of Wis- East and Central Africa for 12 years in 1886 and after occupying chairs in consin College of Agriculture. Mad- and during that time crossed the con- several universities became Professor ison, Wis. tinent 13 times by various routes, of New Testament Theology in 1908 traveling more than one hundred thou- and was retired by government order July 5-16-New Jersey Summer sand miles, largely on foot or bicycle. in 1935 after he had signed a protest School of Christian Work, Blairs- He visited many parts of Africa never to Reichsbishop Mueller's policies and town, N. J. Write to the Mission- before visited by a white man, and interference with the Church. Dur- ary Education Movement, 150 Fifth made an ethnographic survey of many ing the World War, Dr. Deissmann Ave., New York. parts of the continent locating about sent some stirring messages to Amer- 3,000 tribal units. Accounts of his ica declaring that "the gangerous July 8-13 – International Christian journeys and impressions received ulcer of hate which poisons interna- Endeavor Convention, Grand Rap- were printed in a number of Yolumes, tional relations must be burned out." ids, Mich. including "Through Central Africa He was the author of several well- for the Bible," "Through the Land of known books, including one in Eng- July 11-16 – Anniversary, First Con- Nyanza," and "Tefaro Tales from lish on "The Religion of Jesus and ference of American Methodism. Africa." In recent years, Mr. Roome the Faith of Paul." Old St. George's Church. Phila- was chairman of the Unevangelized delphia. Fields Mission. He is survived by his (Concluded on ad c01Jer.) July 12-26 – World Conference on wife whom he ..m. a.r..rie..d. last January. Life and Work. Oxford, England. Lord Radstock, well known in mis- July 14-17-Nat.ional Council of Fed- sionary and evangelistic circles, died erated Church Women. Lake Ge- at Mayfield, Wooston, Hampshire, neva, Wis. England, on April 2 at 77 years of age. Grandville George Waldegrave, August 3-18 – World Conference on the eldest son of the third Lord Rad- Faith and Order. Edinburgh, Scot- stock, was born on September 1, 1859. land. He was graduated from Cambridge University and was associated in evan- Sept. 28-30 – Annual Interdenomina- gelistic work with his cousins, Rev. tional Missionary Institute, Wom- Sir Montagu Beaucham, M.P., and an's Interdenominational Union of Sir J. E. Kynaston Studd. He suc- Philadelphia and Vicinity. First Baptist Church, Philadelphia.

"The April REVIEW is a good num-

THE MISSIONARY ber all through. The REVIEW looks REVIEW OF THE WORLD well, reads well and is better than DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor ever." DR. A. E. ARMSTRONG, VOL. LX JUNE,1937 No.6 Secretary of the Board of For- Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. eign Missi01l8, The United Editorial and Executive Office– Church of Canada. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Entered as second-class matter at *** Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Personal Items Act of March 3, 1879. The Rev. Kenneth W. Moore, of When the good work 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Trenton, N. J., has been elected Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Treasurer of the Board of Foreign calls you East … sail Published monthly, except August. Missions of the Presbyterian Church, All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. U. S. A., to take the place of Mr. p&O British agents – Marshall, Morgan Russell Carter who retired on May 1, and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, having reached the age limit. Mr. This year marks a full century of P & 0 London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Carter has given 27 years to unselfish service to the lands beyond Suez! 10 shillings a year. and effective service. Mr. Moore is a Whenever you are called to the other Princeton Universityand Theological side of the world, choose this tradi- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- Seminary graduate. He has been in tional route. Cross to England by LISHING CO., INC. the Statistical and Publication De- Cunard White Star •.. and there partment of the John A. Roebling's embark in a great liner of the P & 0 BOARD OF DIRECTORS Sons Company, and President of the and British India fleets, led by the ROBERT E. SPEER, President Kenneth W. Moore Company in the new 22,5oo-ton Strathnaver, Strath- A. L. WARNSHUIS, Vice-Pre8ident field of pUblicity. aird and Strathmore. Regular service WALTER MCDOUGALL, Trea8urer to Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, India, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary *** Burma, Ceylon, Straits Settlements, China, Japan, Australia, East and SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT The Rev. Paul Braisted, recently a South Africa, Mauritius. Low rates. missionary of the American Baptist WILLIAM I. CluMBBlILAIN Foreign Mission Society in India and Convenient through bookings can be arranged D. J. FANT Burma, has been elected the new sec- by your local travel agent or any office of retary of the Student Volunteer MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Movement. Mr. Braisfed married CUNARD WHITE STAR LINE Miss Ruth Wilder, daughter of Dr. WM. B. LIPPHARD Robert P. Wilder, and went to India GENERAL AGENTS ten years ago. For the past two ERIC M. NORTH years he has been teacher of Bible at 25 Broadway and638 Fifth Ave., NewYork SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Mt. Hermon School for Young Men. Both in India and America he has had Editorial Chat close contacts with students and is deeply evangelistic and missionary- We take pleasure in presenting our minded. special "Home Mission Study Number" on Christ and Rural America. *** It is an exceedingly rich and important theme. The changes in recent Dr. John R. Mott has recently reyears call for a fresh study of the turned from a six months visit to In- dia and the Near East. He addressed needs and opportunities in neglected the sixth biennial meeting of the Near areas. East Christian Council at Alexandria, Egypt, March 10-17. This council is The subject is so vast and so varied a coordinating agency for thirty-seven that we have not been able to cover missions working in nineteen countries all in one issue of THE REVIEW. Other in the Near East, extending from articles will appear in July and later, Morocco to Iran. including: *** The Murdock Trail, by Alvin E. Magary. Archie T. L. Tsen, President of the Board of Missions of the (Chi- Some Interesting Rural Churches, nese) Chung Hwa Sheng Kung Hwei, by W. H. Thompson. will visit the United States this sum- mer. Mr. Tsen retired from business Student Volunteer Service in Maine, several years ago to devote himself by Louis C. Harnish. entirely to volunteer work for mis- sions. Woman's Work in a C 0 u n try Church, by Mrs. James D. Wyker. *** Frederick Oberlin and His Rural W. E. Doughty, formerly a secre- Parish. tary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and later an official of the Problems of the Rural Church in Near East Foundation, has received Canada, J. R. Watt, and others. from King George II of Greece the Order of the Redeemer in recognition Pastors and mission study class of his twenty-five years of service to the Greek people. leaders will be wise to order their copies early, before the edition is ex- *** hausted. Dr. C. T. Wang, the new Chinese *** ambassador to the United States, was formerly secretary of the Y. M. C. A. Also, will you call the attention of in China and later was the Secretary friends to THE REVIEW. Speak of it of State under the Nanking Governto your pastor and in missionary ment. meetings. Here are some comments recently received: [273 ] "For several months I have been getting your magazine from our college library and reading it with great enthusiasm and deriving much inspira- tion. I find that I can hardly get along without subscribing and having the copies to keep and enjoy by re-reading." GRACE ROBINS.

Birmingham, Ala.

FAITH OF GENERALISSIMO CHIANG KAI-SHEK

An address of the Generalissimo, sent to the Central Conference of Eastern Asia of the Methodist Episcopal Church in session at Wesley Church, Nanking, Good Frida.y Evening, Miarch 26, 1937. Read in Chinese and in English translation to the Conference by Col. J. L. Huang, Director of the New Life Movement.

I have now been a Christian for nearly ten years and during that time I have been a constant reader of the Bible. Never before has this sacred Book been so interesting to me as during my two weeks' captivity in Sian. This unfortunate affair took place all of a sudden and I found myself placed under detention without having a single earthly belonging. From my captors.I asked but one thing, a copy of the Bible. In my solitude I had ample time for reading and meditation. The greatness and the love of Christ burst upon me with new inspiration, increasing my strength to struggle against evil, to overcome temptation and to uphold righteousness.

I am, indeed, grateful for all my fellow-Christians who continually offered prayers on my behalf. I was deeply conscious of a strong spiritual support for which I extend my hearty thanks to all Christians, and to which, before you all today, I testify that the name of God may be glorified.

The many virtues of Christ I cannot possibly enumerate. Today, being Good Friday, I merely wish to explain some of the lessons I have derived from the trials of Christ. His utterances from the Cross are our spiritual inheritance. Entreating forgiveness for His enemies, He cried: "Father, forgive them for they know not what they do." Truly great is the love of Christ! In all my meditations I found these thoughts returning and providing me with rich spiritual sustenance.

To illustrate, I am going to recount some of my experiences in Sian. Before I went to Shansi on my second trip I was alreaqy conscious of perverted thoughts and unusual activities in the army there. I had previously received reports of intrigues and revolutionary rumblings that were threatening to undermine the unity of the State. My immediate associates tried to persuade me to abandon the journey, but I replied: "Now that our country is unified and the foundations of the State established, the commander-in-chief of the armies has responsibilities for direction and enlightenment from which he dare not withdraw. Furthermore, I have dedicated my soul and body to the service of the State, and there can never be any considerations of my personal safety.

According to the record of the New Testament, when Christ entered Jerusalem for the last time, He plainly knew that danger was ahead, but triumphantly, on an ass, rode into the city without anguish, without fears. What greatness! What courage! In comparison, how unimportant my hfe must be. So why should I hesitate?

My fondness for my troops has always been as great as the love between brothers and this love drew me into the heart of the rebellion. Such disregard of duty in the face of danger caused deep concern to the government, worried the people and, for this, numerous prayers were offered by Christian friends. In the mldst of it all my understanding increased and my love mUltiplied.

Following my detention my captors presented me with terms and demands, with tempting words of kindnesses, with threats of violence and torture and with a public trial by the "People's Front." On every hand I was beset by danger out I had no thought of yieldmg to pressure. My faith in Christ increased. In this strange predicament I distinctly recalled the forty days and mghts Christ passed in the wilderness withstanding temptation, His prayers in the Garden of Gethsemane, and the indignities heaped upon Him at His trial. The prayers he offered for His enemles upon the cross were ever in my thoughts. I naturally remembered the prayers offered by Dr. Sun Yat-sen during the imprisonment in London. These scenes passed vividly before me again and again like so many pictures. My strength was redoubled to resist the recalcitrants and with the spirit of Christ on the Cross I was preparing to make the final sacrifice at the trial of the so-called "People's l<'ront." Having determined upon this course of action, 1 was comforted and at rest.

Following the settlement of the Sian affair, the rebels knowing their unwise and treasonable actions, were naturally afraid. Remembering that Christ enjoined us to forgive those who sin against us until seventy times seven, and upon their repentance, I felt that they should be allowed to start life anew! At the same time I was greatly humbled that my own faith had not been of such quality as to influence my followers and to restrain them.

Ever since training the cadets and launching the expedition, 1 have repeated to my followers these two principles: (1) On detecting the slightest selfishness on my part, or discovering plans contrary to the interest of the country and the people, anyone may accuse me of guilt and put me to death; (2) Should my words and actions betray lack of truth and good faith, or indicate departure from the revolution¥y cause and principles, any of my subordinates may take me for an enemy and put me to death. I honestly believe that these two sayings were prompted by sincerity and grew out of my religious faith. They are in line with the spirit of Christ, and the forbearance and magnanimity of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

The life of Christ reveals a long record of affliction and constant persecution. His spirit of forbearance, His love and His benevolence shine through it all. No more valuable lesson has yet come to me out of my Christian experiences.

Dr. Sun Yat-sen was a Christian, and the greatest thing he received from Christ was love-love for the emancipation of the weaker races, and for the welfare of the oppressed people. This spirit remains with us and reaches to the skies. I am an ardent follower of the revolution, and although my faith in Dr. Sun at the outset did not appear to have any religious significance, it was similar to a religious faith. For this reason I have become a follower of Dr. Sun and his revolution based on San Min ·Chu 1 (The Three Principles of the People).

Today, I find that I have taken a further step and have become a follower of Jesus Christ. This makes me realize more fully that the success of the revolution depends upon men of faith and that men of character, because of their faith, cannot sacrifice their principles for personal safety under circumstances of difficulty and crisis. In other words, a man's life may be sacrificed, his person held in bondage, but his faith and spirit can never be restrained. This is due to confidence brought about by faith. On this Good Friday these reflections are ours. For such is the importance of faith in the revolution, and in religion.

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NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 6 JUNE, 1937 Topics of the Times RURAL AMERICA FOR CHRIST ers and dairymen, and small town tradespeople, but the mountaineers, the miners, the lumbermen, Those who make the greatest noise often receive and the ranchmen. The races include not only the most attention, but this does not prove that descendents of the Pilgrims, Dutch and other importance is in proportion to commotion. Mark early settlers, but more recent immigrants from Twain used to tell of the Mississippi stern-wheel Italy, Greece, Poland, Russia and other European steamer with a very loud whistle; steam was so countries; also Negroes, Indians, Mexicans and low that every time the whistle blew the steamer's Orientals. Many religious beliefs are involved- engine had to stop. American cities with their Jewish, Protestant, Roman and Greek Catholic, hustle and noise, their rapid transit, their fac- Hinduism, Buddhism, Shinto, Islam and various tories and scare-line newspapers, usually receive philosophical cults, as well as atheism and rank more attention than the quiet rural districts but paganism. These present foreign mission peo- this does not prove that cities are more important pIes and problems at home.

to national life than are the country towns and Third: Rural America is important because the farming communities. farms and country districts form the basis of our For the coming year (1937-8) the Home Mis- material prosperity. From the earth come all sion study topic is to be "Rural America." Until things that sustain life and that are used in manu- recently the farmers and rural villages have been facture – the food, the cotton, the minerals and unorganized and without any powerful mouth- oils for physical needs and for great buildings and piece so that they have received little attention. industrial enterprises. The land is the great God- Today the Secretary of Agriculture, the Farmer's given source of wealth.

Unions and Cooperatives, such men as the late Fourth: Rural America is important because Kenyon L. Butterfield, and the Agricultural Mis- of the character and influence of rural peoples.

sions Foundation, have brought the rural prob- Here are the pioneering spirit of sacrificial toil; lems forcibly to public attention. the prophetic vision looking toward the future; The study of Rural America is of great im- here we find greater independence of thought and portance for many reasons: First, because of its action, rugged individualism and homespun phi- size. One-half of the people of North America losophy. Here too, in the past at least, have been live on farms, in rural districts or in towns and manifested true faith and sterling honesty. The villages of less than 2,500 population. Although rural districts have always been the great feeders the largest amount of taxes do not come from of the cities, not only in food supplies but in pop- rural districts, neither the Government nor the ulation. From the country come the ambitious Church can afford to overlook the importance of and stalwart youth to supply brain and brawn for the 50,000,000 people who live outside of our cities industrial, commercial, political and professional and their residential suburbs. It is estimated that activity. Abraham Lincoln and many other na- 25,000,000 American children and youth live in tional leaders came from the country; so did Sam- the country districts. These are bound to be a uel Colgate and countless other industrial giants.

great factor in the life of the nation. Three hun- D. L. Moody, America's greatest evangelist with dred years ago all American life was rural; there a world-wide influence, was a lad from the small was no truly urban population. town; so were the majority of metropolitan Second: Rural America is important because preachers and famous missionaries. It is not of the variety of its people, languages and prob- wealth and comfort, but character, hard work and lems. The occupations include not only the farm- opportunity that produce great leaders.

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Fifth: Rural America is important because the religious liberty, and has refrained from saying future of the country is inseparably linked to that any missionaries have been or will be exrural life, for good or for evil. If the farmers' cluded on the ground of religion or nationality, families, and the small town and roadside popula- many missionaries-Swedish, British, French and tions, are neglected physically, intellectually and American-have already been asked to leave and spiritually they will starve or will poison the city others are being refused permission to return. and national life. Keep the sources pure and The Italian Government is also rendering some virile and the nation will feel the benefit; allow missions homeless by taking over their property. these sources to become corrupt and the nation It is even reported that Ethiopian Christians conwill decay. nected with Protestant societies are being ar- rested and exiled. Already the Vatican is send- Sixth: It is important to study Rural America, ing large numbers of Roman Catholic missionaries because this field has been grossly neglected. Peo- to bring the Coptic Church and the Ethiopians ple in many thinly populated areas have been al- under the sway of Rome. most or wholly without religious privileges – as among the mountains, mining settlements and It seems clear that Italy does not desire the scattered farm lands. In other cases villages and presence of alien and Protestant Christians in towns have been overchurched but undernour- Ethiopia. The reasons given by the Italiansished and have lived religiously at a poor dying charges of espionage, unfriendliness toward rate. There is great need for Christian readjust- Italian occupation and undue sympathy with ment and for cooperation between urban and Ethiopians – are evidently excuses to rid the suburban churches that have wealth in the midst country of non-Catholics and non-Italians. Natof plenty, and the rural parishes that are weak urally the Christian missionaries cannot view with and starving for leadership and material equip- complacency the wholesale killing of Ethiopians, ment. Let city churches assist rural parishes. without trial, but as ministers of Christ they do not engage in political activity. Italy does not Seventh: But the greatest reason for the study give the missionaries the right to defend themof Rural America is in order that the supreme selves against these charges before an impartial need of the rural peoples may be supplied – the tribunal. need for a clear knowledge of Christ and His Way of Life; the need for Christian training for chil- Full and correct information is difficult to obdren and youth; the need for effective leadership; tain on account of rigid government censorship the need for well-directed social life and Christian and because the few missionaries who- are still in activity. Addis Ababa believe that silence is "golden" at present. If any are permitted to remain it seems The careful and prayerful study of the needs that the privilege may be granted to a few of the and opportunities of rural America, and the ap- Protestant missionaries, including some United plication of these studies in practical lines of ac- Presbyterians, Seventh Day Adventists and tivity, should mean great blessing to America in thirty-five of the Sudan Interior Mission. both civic and rural life. Jesus Christ himself was brought up in a small village and spent most The real reasons for the Government's objecof His earthly life ministering to rural people in tion to Protestant missionaries seems to be Galilee. As a rule His parables were drawn from (1) that they are subjects of countries unfriendly the fields. Most of His early disciples were from to Italian occupation; (2) that they are true the country, and when they were scattered by per- friends of the Ethiopians and desire for them edusecution they went forth to preach the Gospel in cation and freedom, rather than exploitation or the towns and villages and by the wayside. extermination; (3) that Italy wishes to have undisputed, autocratic sway of Ethiopia, with It is clearly important that we make an earnest control over all educational and medical work; study of Rural America, with especial reference (4) that the government prefers to have Italian to discovering the ways in which Christ may have subjects as religious and secular teachers. a larger and more controlling influence on the fifty million men and women and children in our The latest authentic letter to come out of rural areas. To this end the mission study books Ethiopia from a reliable missionary source (dated have been prepared, Rural Life Sunday is ob- April 5) reveals some of the hardships and disserved, and for this purpose we offer this special couragements encountered and the Christlike issue of THE REVIEW. spirit with which these are met. This personal letter is, in part, as follows: CLOSING DOORS IN ETHIOPIA These have been most difficult and trying days but God's Conflicting reports come as to the outlook for grace is ever sufficient and He overrules all. On March 8, Protestant missionary work in the new Italian we received word from natives that our station (in the incolony. While the Government officially promises terior) had been plundered, one building burned, others torn down and used for firewood, and that "everything

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

had been stolen, so that not even a scrap of paper was to Nanking. While Generalissimo Chiang could not be pres- be seen on the place." While the losing of some things ent in person, he sent Colonel J. L. Huang, Director of the especially seemed hard we have committed it all to God New Life Movement, with an address to be read both in and praise Him that our lives have been spared. While Chinese and in English translation. Col. Huang was the our earthly possessions have thus been reduced to a mini- first person to fly from Nanking to Generalissimo Chiang mum we know that "all things work together for good to in Sian after his detention. In some ways it is a more those that love God and that are called according to His remarkable document than the speech on leaving Sian, for purpose." in this the Generalissimo bears open testimony to his Christian faith and describes the spiritual experience While we have felt for some time that for us this might which came to him during the crisis. (See page 274.) be the end of the work here, we have had no definite word to that effect. Permission was at first given for workers Things have been happening with bewildering rapidity to return to their stations, where the Italian army was in this ancient land. The "strange interlude" at Sian in occupation, and we looked forward to getting back to tested the mettle of the government and people. It showed — even if only for a short stay, to strengthen the the growing strength of the Central Government and re- Believers, encourage earnest seekers, and commit the work vealed Chiang's great hold upon the loyalty and affections into their hands. But on Easter Sunday we received word of the masses. Both Chinese rebel factions and the Japto come on to Addis as soon as possible. It would have anese military party were surprised at the steadiness of been difficult to go back to our station and say good-bye to the Government through the crisis and at the popular those whom we have learned to love. support evoked for Chiang. The good coming out of the serious trouble is increasingly apparent. There is hope While our work in Ethiopia for the present seems to be that the Central Government will come to some kind of ended, we are as'Sured that God's work is not finished. an agreement with the communist army which will pre- Pray for the little native church in this land, that those vent further war between the people of the same nation. who have been "called out" may be kept by the power of Many civil leaders and some military leaders in Japan God. His Word has been sown and His promise stands seem to have a new respect for China. Much needed resure that it shall not return unto Him void. Although so organization of the central and provincial government many of the Believers are only babes in Christ, God has upon a broader and surer basis is being quietly carried promised the Holy Spirit to make real the things of Christ out. The Generalissimo has the nation behind him as to His own; Please join us in claiming the fulfilment of never before in the great task of hUilding a modern State. these promises for the glory of God. He is facing his great responsibility and opportunity with humble faith in God and with ever-greater appreciation It is distressing to think of the dark days ahead of the life and example of Jesus Christ, and of the meanfor the Evangelical Church in Ethiopia but it is ing of the Cross. Why should not China and America encouraging to hear that even now some of these work together to help build a Christian world, a world of young Christians are undertaking to carryon the justice and peace? evangelistic work. Hardships and suffering and the necessity of depending wholly on God may be Various explanations have been offered for counted on to strengthen faith in the faithful and Chiang Kai-shek's release from his abductors. to develop character in those who have the Word The chief human factor was his Christian wife, of God and have received spiritual life. Mayling Soong Chiang, a graduate of Wellesley College. Mrs. Hugh W. White, a missionary in THE HOPE OF CHINA Yencheng, wrote in the Sunday School Times: All who have read the accounts of the capture Much prayer had been made for him, and many Chinese, and release of Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek by not Christians themselves, realize that this [release] was the Chinese rebel forces at Sian last December, an answer to prayer. We hope and pray that the incident have new hope for China and the Chinese. In the may be greatly used to the furtherance of the Gospel. face of foreign invasion and domestic strife, with complications from famine and flood and the usual The North China Daily News gives the followand unusual problems of a great unorganized na- ing interesting sidelight: tion, it is clear that character, courage and intelligent, unselfish patriotism are what Chinese must On Christmas morning, Dr. Kung was praying as on have if China is to be saved. These character- other days. When he opened his Bible he found chapter 16 istics are promoted by Christian faith, such as is of the Acts, which tells of the release of St. Paul, and read evident in the Generalissimo and his devoted wife. verse 35: "And when it was day, the magistrates sent the sergeants, saying, Let those men go." Dr. Kung continued A letter recently received from Rev. Frank W. reading verses 36 to 40. He marvelled at the appropriate- Price, of Nanking, tells the story in part. He ness of these verses and felt strangely comforted at their writes: message. He then told his friends of his conviction that the Generalissimo would be released. The same afternoon news of General Chiang's freedom reached the Finance Minister.

When the Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was released Madame Chiang Kai-shek's own story of the from his captivity in Sian, on last Christmas Day, he gave Generalissimo's capture and release reveals clearly a parting message to General Chang Hsueh-liang and her courage and faith in God. It will be rememother officers which, many think, will go down in Chinese bered that her mother was a highly respected history as the great utterance of a noble and magnani- Christian and her brother, T. V. Soong, and her mous statesman. It is already being printed in many sisters, Madame H. H. Kung and Madame Sun school textbooks.

On Good Friday a special Christian service was held in

Yat-Sen, are also Christians and prominent in toward Christian work in the country remains to government affairs. be seen. Men must find the light their souls crave, and Christ is the answer to Burma's needs. When Madame Chiang reached her husband in his captivity, he said: "Although I urged you not "When a big mining company builds a new road to come to Sian, I felt that I could not prevent it. through the hills to take their tin ores to market," When I opened my Bible this morning my eyes writes Rev. H. T. Marshall of Rangoon, "along lit on the words in J·eremiah 31: 22, "Jehovah will that same new road follows not only the worst of now do a new thing; that is he will make a Western life, with the products of distilleries and woman protect a man" (Chinese rendering). breweries, but Christian messengers in modern autos with the Word of life." Today a fellowship Madame Chiang not only prayed, with assur- with Christ is exemplified by His followers in ance that her prayers to God would be answered, Burma. but she comforted her husband saying: "God is with us. I am here to share your fate and to die Through the new Life that has come to them, with you if God so wills, and if He wills it other- Karens are now taking charge of the work which wise to live and work with you for the sake of the before had been under foreign misilionaries; the nation." people take part in meetings where formerly only the clergy officiated. Jungle women, usually so Madame Chiang also impressed upon the cap- shy that they could not utter a word in public, tor, General Chang Hsueh-liang, that he must re- now stand up without self-consciousness and tell pent of his act and must seek the guidance of in a straightforward way what new life in Christ God on all occasions. means to them. The progress of the work, the spiritual outlook and the effects of the Gospel on China's hope is in the development of strong conduct are very encouraging. National leader- Christian leaders and citizens who put an intel- ship, under the direction of the Holy Spirit, gives ligent desire to know and do the Will of God above these people release from old strangling customs personal ambition, and the good of their country and develops them into forward-looking Christian above self. It will not be forgotten that Chinese workers. "One supposedly Christian village," Christians, without the use of force, were used to says Mr. Marshall, "that six months ago was full bring about the release of the Chinese Generalis- of carousing and superstitious demon worship, simo. now realizes that God wants to use them to help reach neighboring villages; a large delegation re- THE NEW BURMA cently spent a whole forenoon in prayer and then started out to bring the Gospel to those whom six On April first Burma ceased to be counted a months before they would not have tried to part of India and became a separate dominion of reach." the British Empire. This means a new Burmese government with a British Governor General, a Burma needs national leadership that is Godnew Burmese House of Representatives and Sen- controlled and directed; Christian natives must ate, new Burmese stamps and coins-though the be the real evangelists of the country. The rupee will continue to be the medium of exchange. Church must be guided and filled by the Holy It is expected also that these changes will bring a Spirit if Burma is to experience the moving power new spirit of independence and self-expression. of God to make aNew Burma. May there also be a new spirit of progress and a new desire for righteousness and peace. THE GENERALISSIMO'S MORAL LAW There is much, however, that has not changed, These rules, by General Chiang Kai-shek, for with Burma's altered political status. The pre- Chinese soldiers are printed on a little card and vailing religion is still Buddhist with a strong distributed under the auspices of the Officers' mixture of animism, and the priests have a Moral Endeavor Association: strong hold on the populace. There is still poverty and ignorance among the masses. There is 1. Thou shalt not covet riches. great need for education and economic improve- 2. Thou shalt not fear to die. ment, but particularly the Burmese must have 3. Thou shalt not advertise thyself for vain glory. Christian standards of life if they are to become 4. Thou sbalt not be proud. a strong people. 5. Thou shalt not be lazy. 6. Thou shalt not commit adultery nor gamble. In the new government, Christians are taking 7. Thou shalt not smoke. an active part. One of the six cabinet ministers 8. Thou shalt not drink wine. is a Karen, a fine Christian young man. Several 9. Thou shalt not borrow money. other Christians are in the House of Representa- 10. Thou shalt not lie. tives. Thra San Baw of Tharrawaddy and Dr. Ma Saw Sa, the leading Burmese lady doctor, are Christian senators. What attitude the new government, with its Buddhist slant, is going to take

Challenge of the Rural

By the REV. MARK A. DAWBER, Philadelphia, Pa.

_.<t!if Superintendent, Town and Country Work, Methodist Episcopal Jil.- Church; Author of "Rebuilding Rural America"

THE changing conditions of life everywhere lowed to degenerate, industry is itself in peril. It are making new and stern demands upon the would therefore seem wise to realize that the na- institutions of society. Government, busi- tion's economic life is all of the same piece. Our ness, agriculture, education-all are being called civilization has become so interlocked and inter- upon to meet the exigencies of a changed and con- dependent that all parts must work well if any of stantly changing world. Religion and the Chris- it is to work well. Therefore, the reconstruction tian Church are no exception to this rule; rather of agriculture and the stabilizing of the economic it would be a fair statement to say that perhaps life of rural people is of vast importance not only the Church is being tested today as no other in- to rural people, but to city people. Now the stitution. The conditions are widespread and church has much at stake in this consideration.

there is no avenue of life that has not been touched The church is always the first institution to suffer by these forces of change. No group of people or as the result of economic collapse. Much of its community anywhere is so remote that it has support comes out of the surplus and in times like been able to escape the impact of the changing those through which we are passing, the church conditions of our modern life. Rural communities has suffered out of all proportion. But it is not are tremendously involved. In fact, we make bold in the interest of its own selfish life that the to declare that in comparison the changes that church must be concerned, on the contrary. The have taken place during the past decade are such urge and the implication of the Gospel it preaches that rural America is now more seriously affected are the major reasons for its interest and the dy- than are the urban centers. What is the meaning namic for its activity to help obtain economic of this for the church? justice and social security for the farm families'

The changed rural community constitutes an in America. This is a challenge that now comes imperative challenge to the church today. We are out of rural life with the urgency of immediate conc~rned that the rural church shall face this need and with a sense of national importance that challenge. The obligation rests upon it to estab- the Church cannot afford to ignore or avoid.

lish the new rural civilization that is now emerg- The Challenge of the Enlarged Community ing, upon solid foundations of spiritual truth and to instill into it that quality of life, without which Anothli!r vast change that comes out of modern no worthy or enduring civilization can be estab- rural life is that of a new geographical area that lished. now constitutes the working community of rural America. Most of the present church buildings The Challenge of Economic Justice and their parish lines were the product of the old The first important challenge of rural America agricultural community life. The range was that is that of a very drastic change in its economic of horse and buggy on a mud road. Some eight life. The economic dislocation that has befallen to ten miles radius was the extent, and, in many urban America was inevitable. A short-sighted cases, less than that. Some fifty families was a industrial leadership, satisfied with the joyride of good basis of support. The school, the economic a false prosperity had concluded that it could last life, the social organization, and the total institu- forever. This leadership seemed oblivious to the tionallife including the church were the reflex of fact that these so-called values were mere paper a fifty to sixty family community. It was the day values; the moment these values were challenged of the self-sufficing agriculture, the little red they collapsed like a pack of cards. The deflation schoolhouse, a simple satisfying social life that has reacted of course, upon agriculture; but it was developed around the farm home. This has must be remembered that the plight of agricul- all been shattered. The economic range is now ture during the peak of our industrial prosperity unlimited, but at least it can be said, that it has is, in a very important way, the explanation of the been enlarged to include the county. Because of collapse of industry. Agriculture is the founda- the economic changes, farmers are county con- tion of industry, and whenever agriculture is al- scious. The schools for the most part are con- [279 ]

solidated and take in several of the old-time com- new Christian statesmanship if it is ever going munities making them one in educational purpose to arrive. and spirit. The social life is mostly expressed at the county seat town. The movie and the dance But with all our material progress, good roads hall dominate. This changed scale of rural life and rapid transportation, there has come accomis a real challenge to the church in rural Amer- panying problems of poverty and neglect. The ica to reconstruct itself to meet a new and en- automobile and the hard roads have been a boon larged community of interests and sometimes a to millions, but there is a sense in which they have confusion and conflict of purposes; to reorganize also proved a bane to others. They have put milthe parish boundaries so as to include the larger lions of people on the main highway and the geographical unit as a single parish; to find ways beaten track, but corresponding millions have and means among the several differing denomina- been removed from it. There is a new religious tions to adjust their differences and to unite in neglect in rural life. Those who are living on the some constructive forward looking, adventurous dirt road and in the marginal sections of rural program to make a single impact of religion in America are more isolated and neglected than the interests of a larger and more Christian king- ever, so far as religious privileges are concerned. dom building type. In the old days when all the people lived on dirt roads and the means of transportation was a horse In saying this we are not unmindful of the diffi- and buggy, all were in the range of parish visitaculties that this presents. To bring together town tion. The preacher also had his horse and all and country people in some common purpose for homes were almost equally accessible. Now few spiritual advancement is no easy task, but that it preachers have a horse and hence the people livmust be achieved is now clearly evident to all those ing on the side roads, that in the winter are deep who in recent years have been giving time and with mud, are seldom, if ever, reached with a thought to this matter. An intelligent engineered religious ministry. This is also true of the chilalignment is now necessary to any future rural dren and young people where the small schools progress. Good roads, automobiles, radios, tele- are still maintained off the hard roads. They are phones and other instruments that have conquered a most neglected group, and where these conditime and distance, require that some similar prog- tions obtain, there is a religious destitution and a ress shall take place in those forces and agencies growing paganism that should be a matter of deep that govern human relations. Some progress is concern for the church. The situation as here evidenced in the reorganization of the economic stated is not confined to anyone part of the coun- 'and the educational life, but much remains to be try. It is not a condition that is isolated to the done. But the religious life of town and country traditional backwoods' sections, but it exists in for the most part, is a standing rebuke to the the most highly developed eastern states. Maine church and a stern challenge to readjust itself to and Vermont are equally in need with Arkansas a more scientific demand and the enlarged com- and Georgia. This is a condition that calls for a munity that have come in the trail of recent social new missionary passion and a new consecration change in rural America. To revise and reor- on the part of the church and its rural ministry. ganize our systems of society, local government, political, educational and social institutions of The Challenge of the Rural Home rural life is a difficult task indeed; when we come to the institutions of religion the difficulty is in- The rural community is also presenting a new creased many times, and in this realm of read- challenge to the church at the point of the changjusting the church of rural America to these new ing farm home. Drastic changes in the methods demands of community life, will require the in- of agriculture are breaking down the family type sight and courage of a new and greater statesman- farming and hence destroying the farm home type ship than that of yesterday. In this, of course, we of community. The trend toward mass produc- are dealing with human nature, with all its weak- tion and single commodity farming is one of the ness and frailty, and we are fully conscious that danger spots in our present system. Capitalistic a thing is not always going to be achieved because large scale agriculture should be discouraged. It it is logical or right; the temptation is very great does not make for the larger prosperity of all, but to cling to the habits and ideas of yesterday, and it has resulted in the disintegration of the farm to huddle around vested interests the moment family and the destruction of the community there is a suggestion of change. Nowhere is this spirit. As a further result we now have the poor- temptation greater than in the institution of reli- est social order in rural America in those states gion and the rural church has some added diffi- where we have the richest soil. Here we find the culties at this point that are in a class by them- tenant farmer and the sharecropper or transient selves. But the fact remains that rural progress and migrant labor. Here we find our weak in the church and elsewhere must wait upon this churches, our poorest homes, and our most prolific sources of crime. The cure will be found in the 1937] THE CHALLENGE OF THE RURAL COMMUNITY discouragement of the capitalistic competitive man race. We are also slowly but surely learriing , profit-seeking agriculture and the encouragement that a man's life does not consist of the abundance of the family-type of farm ownership and opera- of things, but in seeking the satisfaction of his tion.· Observation would suggest that the best mind and spirit, without which things, in them- social order and the most satisfying rural com- selves, have little or no value. They become a munities are those in which dwell a large per- stumblingblock to the highest progress. Rural centage of family home farmers. Farm owners life is in particular peril at this point just now.

are the most reliable citizens. They support Farmers have been more naturally a religious peo- schools and churches, and elevate the moral and ple. But the emphasis upon material development spiritual standards of the community in which in recent years has gone far to create a materi- they live. Home ownership integrates and sta- alistic conception of life in rural America.

bilizes the moral and spiritual characteristics of We need a culture that will bring to rural life the people. It makes for a more reliable and a worthier sense of its rightful heritage, that will trustworthy citizen and nowhere is this so true create in the minds of rural people an apprecia- as on the farm. tion of those more permanent satisfactions that Other forces also are operating to break down can be achieved by a rural culture. But we :need the home life of rural America. The fact that also to decide as to what are the earmarks of such many rural communities have not organized to a culture. It must be distinctive and characterprotect themselves against the dumping of the istic of rural environment. It must be something road houses and dance halls into the country, that grows out of the soil and the people who have where they would not be permitted in the county their roots in the soil. We must refuse to accept seat towns, is a matter for serious consideration. a culture that is imposed from without. But this Other changes could also be cited that would go rural culture of which we have been writing must to illustrate and explain this tragic condition of also be part of a social and spiritual vitality that the rural home. These all constitute an unprece- will prevent the city from either dominating or dented challenge to the rural church. It must draining the countryside. Any true rural culture stake its life in its defence of the family farm must spring from life in the country. Therefore enterprise. Human values are the primary values. the social and spiritual development of any life The end in view is a satisfying life and not the must be closely related to the common task. Life quantity or even the quality of goods. The farmer in the country is simpler than life in the city is more important than the farm. To restore the and should be kept so as far as possible. It is family farmer to agriculture and to give dignity nearer to nature and to God. Life on the farm, and restore the sacred meaning to the farm home, under the open sky, the changing seasons as they would achieve not only an economic society that is come and go, the growing things, the soil, the now essential to permanent social stability, but trees, the stock, flowers, birds, grass, mountains spiritual gains would result that cannot obtain and running brooks – these surely have the posunder any other system. The rural church would sibilities of a great and worth-while culture that render the Kingdom a great service in giving voice has vast social and spiritual implications. But to this imperative need of reestablishing agricu1- this social expression and spiritual impetus must ture on a family farm basis and in conserving be rooted in the things of rural life. Too much of those home values that are basic to a Christian rural religion has been a thing apart. It has failed civilization. to build itself upon the foundations of these na- tive values in rural life. Now the time has come The Challenge of Spiritual Need when those who believe in rural America, who live There is another important challenge that comes on the farm and appreciate its possibilities for a out of these several considerations of the chang- full and satisfying life, must band themselves to- ing life of rural America. It is that of a vital cul- gether for a courageous forward movement to ture and a new social and spiritual vitality. Much achieve this social and spiritual vitalizing of rural attention has been given to the production side of life. Most of the satisfactions of rural life are rural life. Agriculture has been developed to a still to be achieved by this appreciation and culti- high point of efficiency. Science and invention vation of these simpler worthwhile things. Life have made possible a basis of economic produc- grows rich only in worthwhile friendships and in tion way beyond the wildest dreams of living man. those lasting values that are alone to be found in But science and invention, while able to satisfy human relations and in man's relation to God.

man's wants, offer no help in assisting man in de- The rural community is calling for a leadership ciding what he should want. We have made two that will go forward with such a program. It is blades of grass grow where only one grew before, the outstanding and urgent obligation of Ameri- but we have not found a way to make that extra can statesmanship, but it is above everything else blade of grass serve the best interests of the hu- a clear clarion call to the Christian Church.

Forgotten Man of the Back

-sf I By ANN MITCHELL, a Country Neighbor I Je- ~==========================~ W E HEAR much about "the forgotten will pay tuition for any boys and girls who wish man." I know him! He lives next door to attend the one in the town, nine miles away. to us, here on the back road. His farm It is twelve to the high school from our four was once one of the finest in the county. His corners, and there is no trolley or bus available. grandfather cleared the land, building literally What good is tuition without transportation for miles of neat stone wall, planting a maple grove a boy who cannot afford even a Model T and the and an apple orchard, and putting up buildings of gas to run it? The bright children are through which he could be justly proud. His father car- the grades at twelve or thirteen (the dull ones ried on successfully for a while, but lost his cour- have to go until they are sixteen!). When a boy age when the new "Black Road," instead of pass- has been out of school for four or five years he ing his place, followed the river, four miles to the feels quite like a man of the world and ready to south, and later the lake shore, five miles to the establish a home of his own. The critical years north. Electricity and other "advantages" fol- of adolescence spent in loafing about an idle farm, lowed the improved highway, while his dirt road hanging around lumber camps, spending on movies and dance halls the money earned by do- ing odd jobs here and there-what a poor prep- aration for successful living!

Jim married at nineteen, and Jimmie Junior was born just six months later, on Addie's seven- teenth birthday. Before Jim was thirty there were seven children, and he had seldom had steady work on which he could depend from month to month. He would have liked to bring the old farm back to its former prestige, but how could he? It takes so long to put any farm project on a paying basis, and some capital is absolutely THE CAMP THAT JIM BOUGHT necessary. There was no money for plowing and harrowing, for fertilizer and seed. There was no became more neglected each year. How could he money to buy really good stock, and if Jim had hope to compete with men to whom modern im- been able to secure a horse and cows and chickens, provements were easily available, and whose there was no money with which to buy feed for produce could reach the markets so much more them. So there was. nothing to do but take the quickly and safely? Better to put down the fields odd jobs by which he could earn enough to buy to grass, work his horses on the rapidly spread- bread for the family (often bread without butter, ing network of state roads in the spring, do odd to say nothing of jam!) and let the big barn stand jobs for the summer colony during July and empty and the fields run out. By the time he in- August, hoping to get a job in the woods in the herited the place all the buildings were in bad con- winter. He managed fairly comfortably, but his dition. There was no money for repairs!

son, our friend Jim, is not faring so well. And When we came to the corner six years ago the no one seems to care! Apparently everyone-Road paint was gone from the dignified old house-it Commissioners, Board of Education, Public Utility looked as bad as the abandoned one we had ac- Commissioners and, until recently, even the quired! Sills were rotting, kitchen floor wearing Church Board have forgotten Jim and his prob- through, walls shabby and soiled, furniture lems. broken, and everything dejected looking and down We boast of our "New England traditions"! at the heel. Even the pump had given out, and There are five colleges in our state, and several Addie was drawing water from the well with a fine academys, but Jim was through school when bucket on a worn rope. What wonder that she he was thirteen years old! Our village, like many used it sparingly, and that her clothes were al- another in this section, has no high school, but ways a "tattle-tale gray"! They used kerosene [282 ] lamps and wood fires. The children went to a friends along the back road – people of fine old one-room school with an old air-tight stove-all American stock, everyone. People with kind the (in) conveniences of grandmother's day, in hearts, most of them; men who mean well; New England in nineteen thirty-one! women who carryon bravely and cheerfully under almost unsurmountable difficulties. But they have Jim's home is typical of many in this regionback three or four miles from the state highways. THIS IS THE HOUSE THAT JACK BUILT Of course grandmother married young, lived on a dirt road and raised a large family with just such had no educational opportunities, no economic seprimitive equipment, but it does not matter so curity, no social standards (they are unmoral, not much where you are as the direction in which you immoral!) , no proper health care. And the chilare going! Our grandparents were pioneers in dren – many of them so neglected that they are the vanguard of progress, and were helping to growing up to be a menace to society! build a new world. Jim, and the many others like him, are bringing up the rear and are slipping When We Came to the Back Road farther and farther back as time marches on! When my family and I came to the Back Road They are living in old neglected homesteads, in six years ago, we had been driven from a suburban shacks covered with tar paper, in lumber camps. home by the "depression," and for some time were Always and everywhere there are the children! too deeply absorbed in our own problems to ap- preciate our neighbors. We thought that we were There's Jack; he inherited no farm, and lives poor, but when we gathered up the pieces after on waste land at the other end of nowhere with "the crash" we found that we had enough to make his gentle little wife and nine children. (The the old house comfortable and give it something tenth will arrive this summer, and I suppose the of its early charm. We were able to make over town will have to pay the doctor's bill, as usual!) the big barn into a hennery and to stock it with Jack has lost what pride he had and does not hesi- good birds. Going back to grandmother's day tate to "call on the town" – more often than is was for us a real adventure, and we are making a necessary, some folks think! They call him a success of things in spite of poor roads, lack of worthless fellow, but the shack he made out of electricity and other conveniences. When we betwo old henhouses, a pile of weathered, unplaned gan to look about we found ourselves faced as boards and rolls of black paper is somehow attrac- never before with the problem of stewardship. tive! The small rooms are neatly lined with cor- Of course we plunged with enthusiasm into the rugated pasteboard, and he has planted little ever- work of the newly formed Larger Parish which greens in the door yard. The children are bright was seeking to reach the back roads with its proand clean and mannerly, but the two oldest, thir- gram, but-that was not enough! It is one thing teen and fifteen, are "through school" and have to live in a neighborhood where everyone is more gotten in with a pretty rough crowd! than comfortable and to feel that you are truly Christian if, while enjoying your own pet lux- Bob is a clever workman, but "awful easy go- uries, you give (conveniently!) to the work of the ing" and his wife is just plain lazy, so folks say! local church. It is quite another thing to live next Their house, which started to be a nice little place door to a family like Jim's and feel truly Christian on the hill overlooking the lovely lake, is filled to while enjoying even pet comforts, to say nothing overflowing with children – his and hers and of luxuries, and we like to feel that we are doing theirs! Poor Sally! She certainly has had no our share in building a church program here that chance! Married at fifteen~because she had. to is adequate. The personal ways in which we have be! – divorced at seventeen, married again at been able to help are so small and so obvious that eighteen to a widower with three small children; it seems hardly worth while to tell of them, but I now, at twenty_six, she is herself the mother of sometimes wonder if it is not here, after all, that six and has the other three to care for, and abso- we are getting at the real heart of the problem! lutely nothing to do it with! Sharing, cooperating, working and playing to- gether-is not that the way out? Then there are Harry and Laura. They have a new camp of two rooms, each ten by twelve feet. He was seventeen and she sixteen when they were married six years ago; now they have four adorable children. Laura keeps the tiny home as neat as a pin and the children are well cared for, but her face is very sad! Harry likes a good time, and is tired of a wife who is always either carrying or nursing a baby and can never go with him to dance halls; so-he is "running around" with a girl from the Creek!

These are only a few of our neighbors – our

Of course it takes understanding and patience buy grain for Jim's stock-he has some nowand tact, and most of all appreciation and real and he takes care of our cows to pay for it. Addie affection. Addie and her friends initiated me into wanted a small flock of hens, so we let her pick the mysteries of old-fashioned housekeeping. I twenty pullets from among our birds; she is sortdid not know how to cook with a wood fire, to care ing our eggs to pay for them.' One year we gave for kerosene lamps, to rub clothes clean on a washboard, to make good country butter! In return I three of the neighbors seed and fertilizer; in rehave introduced them to the world of literature turn they helped with our garden and haying. and music, and the charm of afternoon tea! At Sara, down the road a piece, needed a bed that we first my cups had to travel up and down the coun- were not using and I needed help with housecleantryside, as no one else had enough to go round! ing. We have been able to keep a small fund in We have now our Woman's Club with four charter the savings bank for emergencies-a fund which members; our neighborhood suppers and parties, would have seemed absurdly inadequate in the our Sunday-night sings. At first standards dif- days before "the crash" but now it gives us a comfered so much that it was hard to find a common fortable feeling of security. Last year we found language; I have to remember always that we do that Ed was going to lose his farm, as a threenot try to reform our friends, we only love them! hundred-dollar mortgage was proving impossible. Sometimes it is hard not to feel discouraged. Two In the "good old days" we would have said that years ago when Jim Junior was only eighteen, it was "just too bad, but what could we do about and without a sign of a job, he married a slip of it?" As Back Road Christians with an emergency a girl of seventeen, and last year his sister, Emma, fund we felt that we had to do something about who is not bright, had a baby without being mar- it! We bought that mortgage and told Ed that ried at all! Though we lived right next door, we he could take his time to pay it. The amazing could not do anything about it, except to keep on part of it is that with the fear of foreclosure reloving and standing by! moved Ed has straightened his shoulders and tightened his belt and has gone to work with new Most of these country people are self-respecting will. This spring he has paid not only the interand proud. Many of them would starve before est but twenty-five dollars on the principal! they would accept "charity" but-they are glad to share. When we came up here we had many more Jim Junior and his Ruthy lived with the old things than we needed! What right had I to two folks, but she was not happy. When he had a coats, when the woman at the corner had none? chance to buy a "camp" for thirty dollars he came Extra curtains-why lay them away for future to talk it over. Such an edifice would not add to use when they would transform Abbie's shabby the beauty of the neighborhood, and the logical parlor? Garden surplus, cracked eggs, skimmed place to put it was almost in our door yard; but milk-it is so easy and happy to say "I find that building lives is certainly much more important I don't need this. Can you make use of it?" Our than architectural style! We advanced the money car-often in the early days-was the only one on and now the young people are making the tiny the hill that could be relied on for the trip to town. place into a real home. They are paying for it This presented more of a problem. But when I little by little, sometimes in cash and sometimes explained that it was God's car and I only had the in labor. privilege of driving it, folks smiled indulgently, but found it easy to accept its favors without Bob has an old car, but had not been able to pay "loss of face." We long ago lost count of the the tax and register it this year. When he had a neighborhood trips it has made-taking people to ch~nce to work in the woods beyond walking dischurch services and farm bureau meetings in the tance we let him have money to put the Ford on village, to clinics in the city thirty miles away, to the road, and he is reducing the debt a bit each and from the hospital, and out for supplies in pay day. emergencies. It is understood that our linen and sick-room equipment are available in time of These are a few of the "emergencies" in which illness. If there is something that we can borrow, our fund has helped out. It has also paid doctor's our friends are just delighted! bills, provided glasses for weak eyes, even bought tires for a Model T, and neighborhood needs have For a while, before a P. W. A. project started been met without injury to anyone's self-respect! near us we were the only family at the Corners who had any steady cash income. During that Understanding, sympathy, affection-only as period we bought groceries for all, and found some work on our place that the others could do to pay we have these, the qualities of true neighborliness, for their share. That was the beginning of a can we appreciate the problems, the handicaps and system of sharing resources which has been in the possibilities of others. When we do really apsuccessful operation for three or four years. We preciate what the other fellow is "up against" we feel that we must share our resources, material and spiritual. When all are willing to share there will be no "forgotten man" on the back roads, but everyone will have a fair chance to make good!

Fields in Rural

By the REV. Wm. R. KING, D.D., New York Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council I T IS difficult to answer directly and specifically building and then rested back comfortably upon inquiries about unchurched communities, neg- the illusion that the field was occupied, Gospel lected groups, and overlooked areas. There is privileges were provided and the field was no a lack of clear understanding as to what is meant longer neglected. That general notion has perby "neglected fields." Shifts and changes are sisted until the present day. Denominational constantly taking place in communities and among executives still claim that a field is not neglected groups, and there is a lack of accurate and up-to- if there is any semblance of church or religious date information, although we have been actively service no matter how occasional or how inadeengaged for the past ten years in making surveys quate the religious program and the church minand accumulating information along these lines. istry may be. This is one of the greatest diffi· A large amount of data has been gathered and culties in the way of comity adjustments today. published in articles, pamphlets, and books, as a Denominations will claim and hold on to a field, result of surveys which include about twenty-five even though there be only an occasional service states. Some studies have been intensive, reach- and no community ministry whatever. ing down into counties, communities and indi- As a matter of fact, any community that has not vidual parishes. an adequate, efficient and effective church min- What is a "neglected field"? There is quite a istry is "a neglected field." A district cannot be difference of opinion among church leaders upon classed as "occupied" without a proper evaluation this point. Some seem to think that if there is a of the character of the religious program that is church building with an occasional service by some being provided. By any adequate evaluation of itinerant missionary or circuit rider, that field is church ministry we must confess that there are not neglected. This is a general opinion among vast numbers of fields in rural America that are some denominational administrators. It is an in- being neglected by the Church. This fact has been herited attitude from the past. When the country abundantly established by the surveys and studies was new and home missions meant church ex- that have been made during the past decade. tension and the planting of churches in new communities, it was generally accepted that a field was It is not too much to say, speaking generally of occupied if it had an occasional ministry and par- the rural church of the present day, that most ticularly if it had a church building. The ques- rural communities in America are neglected by tion of program and efficiency did not enter the Church. By and large in America the rural largely into the consideration; it was a mere church is not functioning adequately and effecmatter of being on the ground. ,It was somewhat tively. It is distressing to ride through the coun- tryon the train, or especially by automobile, and like homesteading in the early days when the observe the little one-room, unpainted, unkept, pioneer went into the new section and drove down neglected churches which give every indication of his stake and entered his claim. He felt that the neglect, inadequacy, and decay. Many are actually farm was his. It mattered not how much or how dead or in a rapid decline. It is estimated that little improvement he had put on it or how well they are passing out at the rate of about 1,000 a he was occupying the land. He had preempted year. The "little church at the cross-roads" is it; he had established his claim; he was able to very largely a thing of the past. In these days say "This is mine." Therefore, it was "occupied" of new highways and automobiles, the rural farmland. In the same way, in the great West churches are, as a rule, no longer at the cross- especially, the churches were established in the roads. They are not on the new routes of traffic early days. Ambitious denominational superin- and are no longer located in strategic places. tendents and pioneer missionaries went into these Many of them are out of the way, inaccessible, new territories and drove down their ecclesiastical and no longer "by the side of the road." The stakes, preempted a corner lot, brought a few pea- very location makes it almost impossible for them pIe together and organized them into a church. to render an effective service. Possibly they erected a little one-room church The new day has brought improvement in rural [285 ]

homes.· It has brought electric lights and many First, there is the United Parish Plan or what other luxuries of our modern life. It has brought is generally called the Larger Parish Plan. The the new consolidated school. It has obliterated concensus of opinion of the best informed and distances and eliminated time but the little, dilap- wisest leaders of country church work is that the idated, country church still stands as a relic of a only hope, and the only possible way to provide past and as an indictment against the present an adequate ministry to these neglected rural statesmanship of the Church. fields, is through some form of interdenomina- Surveys made in recent years in New England, tional cooperation.

for example, show a rapid decline of country These places that are being over-looked and churches throughout the whole of that region, and neglected are not wanted by any denomination.

general inefficiency which is alarming. These They are not looked upon as worth while for they surveys divide the communities into three classes: are liabilities rather than assets. They are too those inadequately churched, the communities ade- expensive and too unprofitable. Even the new quately churched, and those that were over- sects that are springing up so rapidly, and are churched. In New Hampshire, for example, 33 making such remarkable headway in these hectic towns or townships were classified as inadequately days, are overlooking these rural communities and churched. These, for the most part, are towns are centering their efforts upon the towns and with small populations and open country commu- cities, rushing into communities that are already nities. In many of these communities it would not overchurched, watching for every possible oppor- be possible to support a church but, nevertheless, tunity of establishing themselves in the centers of the question of neglect and absence of religious population.

privilege exi&ts. In Maine, 131 towns were classi- If anything is to be done for the neglected rural fied as inadequately churched; in almost all cases fields, it must be done on a much more generous the populations were small. The total population and much more unselfish basis than heretofore.

of 131 towns was only 38,000, in no instance was They must no longer be exploited for denomina- any more than 1,000; the average was around tional interests. They must be served unselfishly 300. In all of these communities the churches in the interests of the neglected people and of the were weak and inadequate, and most of them Kingdom of God. There must be interdenomina- functioned only for part of the year. In the tional planning and strategy if there is to be any- other New England states the same general situa- thing like an equalization· of religious privileges tion obtains. Vermont perhaps presents the most throughout rural America. Everyone in every distressing exhibit of neglected rural churches in community, however small it may be, has a right New England. to the ministries of the Church, but these rights There are many sections in the mountain areas will never be secured so long as rural America is of the South and in the Ozarks and in the inter- regarded as a battlefield for warring Christian mountain region of the West, where rural com- denominations and rival sects. It is a question of munities are either without any church at all or Christian statesmanship and loyalty to Christ and have very weak and inadequate churches. There concern for the establishment of His Kingdom.

are also racial groups of people in the rural areas Will we be big enough and brave enough and un- who are neglected; for whom no ministry is be- selfish enough to build an adequate church in every ing provided. This is perhaps the most difficult rural community in America?

problem of all to meet. They are, as a rule, scat- A second solution 'for the rural church problem tered and few in number in anyone locality, thus is a trained rural church leadership. The greatest making it difficult to gather them into a church weakness of the Church in rural America is the organization, or to absorb them in any existing lamentable lack of an effective program, an edu- body. But they are neglected so far as any reli- cated ministry and a trained Christian leadership. gious privileges are concerned and are presenting This is not a pleasant thing to say. It sounds to the church one of its rural problems. harsh, critical and unappreciative. But it is one The results of these surveys and studies, made of those "stubborn facts" that cannot be ignored over wide areas of the country, present a very in any proper evaluation of the rural church.

discouraging picture of the rural church in Amer- There are, of course, many exceptions. There are ica. This is the biggest problem facing American some educated and successful rural pre3:chers. Christianity today. There are some outstanding, well-functioning Three Possible Solutions country churches. But they are like hens' teeth- not enough to be very 'effective. It must be said What can be done about it? This is not an easy also, in all fairness, that the great majority of question to answer. As I see it, there are three rural preachers are men of fine character and possible solutions of the rural church problem. commendable consecration; many of them have

FARM TENANTS AND SHARECROPPERS

useful natural gifts. This is true of many moun- specially-trained, high-grade pastoral leadership tain preachers in the Southern Highlands. They have a gift of oratory and leadership and enjoy if it is to survive. the respect and confidence of the people. They are devoted and consecrated. They love their The third sQlution Qf the rural church problem Lord and have a passion for souls. But they are uneducated and untrained; many of them cannot in neglected fields is a real-to-goodness interderead and write. Very few of them have ever had a high school course; still fewer have a college nominational comity. Overchurching in small training, and iewer still have ever attended a theological school. communities is a glaring disgrace to American Some of the denominations have tried to help Protestantism. Every denomination wants to these untrained men by means of summer schools, conferences, and short courses. The Home Mis- be in the most. promising communities. No one sions Council has sponsored about a score of summer schools for rural pastors for many years. wants the "byways and hedges." The selfish ag- Home mission boards have used circulating libraries, special scholarships and other devices to gression of denominations in crowding into almake up to their rural pastors what they need in special training. A few theological seminaries ready occupied fields and the willful tenacity with are beginning to give special courses for young men preparing for the rural ministry. But these which they cling to these overchurched communimethods are all inadequate; they do not meet the need. The rural church must have well-educated, ties is the "scandal of Christianity." Unless this can be overcome, I see no hope for the church in these little rural fields. Something has been done in comity and much is now being done to correct the evils of overchurching and competition, but much more must be dQne and done quickly if the neglected rural fields are to be given a worth while church ministry.

I submit these three things as the only possible ways of reaching the neglected fields in Rural America-the United Parish Plan, a trained lead- ership, and an effective comity.

J Farm Tenants and Sharecroppers By CHARLES M. McCONNELL, -.~ Boston, Massachusetts }at– Interseminary Commission for Training for the Rural Ministry FARM tenancy is one of the major issues be- A committee of forty members appointed by the fore the people of the United States. Sociol- President of the United States has just reported ogists refer to it as "our greatest social their findings on farm tenancy. humiliation." Another writer, with a theological bent, has called tenancy "the besetting sin of An issue which is rated with such importance American agriculture." A governor of Arkansas by national leaders cannot go unnoticed by the recently broke into The New York Times with Church. There are some moral issues involved in this statement about tenancy: this system which must not be ignored or allowed to go unchallenged by churchmen. No easy-going I recognize the seriousness of the tenant farmer or tolerance can stand in the way of drawing up an sharecropper problem. For decades it has been developed indictment by the Church against the evils of a and in recent years has grown to such proportions and system which has created widespread poverty, such serious condition that the problem must be settled if oppression and human wreckage. But along with Arkansas is to have peace among its citizenship. The any challenge to the evils of tenancy there must plight of the sharecropper may be exaggerated in some go a positive, constructive and statesmanlike reports but the thing itself-the system-is eating at the church program to solve such moral problems that vitals of the South's economic structure. tenancy creates. In this field the words of the Church must "become flesh and dwell among" the Strong words are these from one whose admin- farm tenants in the uttermost parts of America. istration was marked by bitter struggles between sharecroppers and planters, and who should know The nature and extent of farm tenancy must be "the system" thoroughly. Political leaders have understood before the Church can propose the begun to consider the problem of farm tenancy simplest remedies. A farm tenant is any person and two leaders of Congress have gone on record who hires the farm land which he operates as a by saying, "The tenancy problem is the paramount farm. Two million eight hundred and sixty thouchallenge before the 1937 session of Congress."

sand tenant farmers operate forty-two per cent of ants. Security of tenure is by no means guar- the farms in the United States. These tenants anteed by an uncertain title, for rent is some- are distributed over rich lands and poor lands times easier to raise than interest on a mortgage. with startling unevenness. Contrast the 4.5 % of Furthermore there is no relief from farm tenancy farm tenants in Maine with the 72.20/0 of farm in sight that will catapult the whole mass of farm tenants in Mississippi. Iowa, with the highest tenants into owners. A proposal was recently percentage of its land under cultivation, has 47.3 % made to set up a revolving fund of $50,000,000 by of farm tenants. The 6,288,648 farms of the the United States Government and the Secretary United States with their total population of 32,- of Agriculture quickly pointed out that such a 200,000 are operated by a tenant population fund for the use of tenants in the purchase of land slightly under one-half the total and a land own- would require two hundred and thirty years to ing population somewhat above the one-half mark. eliminate the tenants now on the land.

To get at the real problems of farm tenancy we The Church can recognize tenancy as a present must delve deeper into the system and unearth the necessity and go ahead ministering to tenant and meaning of sharecropping in rural America. The landlord alike without regard to their relation to sharecroppers work the land for a share of the the land. Ministers can well add the words, "both cash crop and need to have furnished for them to tenant and landlord," to St. Paul's list of those farm tools, work animals, fertilizer for the cash to whom he was indebted, found in the first chapcrop and generally the food they consume during ter of Romans. In the most extreme cases of the crop growing season. The South is the home strain between tenant and land owner, the minof this sharecropping system and cotton is the crop which is shared. None of the cotton grow- ister can at least recognize the fact that the sysing states fall below sixty per cent in farm ten- tem is in part responsible for the poverty of each. ancy. The Census Bureau of the United States But the land itself needs an advocate to plead its has defined a tenant plantation as a continuous cause. Tenancy has robbed the soil of its basic tract of land of considerable area under the gen- fertility to such an extent that erosion, impov- erishment and soil destruction have resulted over eral control or supervision of a single individual or one seventh of the once productive crop area of firm, all or a part of such tract being divided into the United States. {(The earth is the Lord's" and at least five smaller tracts which are leased to not the landlord's is an appropriate text for a tenants. This landless, debt-ridden and depend- sermon to farmers. ent tenant, white or Negro, operating a twentyfive or thirty acre plot of cotton land on a tenant Sharecropping in the South is the hot spot in plantation, is in a class of farm tenancy by him- this whole tenancy system. The Church, both self and is the central figure of farm tenancy in local and general, is involved in the system. The the United States. local congregation is in an area where three- fourths of the entire population live upon the The Church and the Sharecroppers land: No other section has such excessive over- Before considering the evils of this sharecrop- churching and at the same time so many comping system and making a wholesale criticism of munities (ten per cent) unchurched by Protestant farm tenancy we must separate the system from bodies. Nearly seventy per cent of the country its evils. Tenancy is often called the agricultural churches have nonresident ministers. Ninety per ladder on which an energetic young man might cent of the white rural Baptist and Methodist ascend from hired man to tenant and to land- churches have once-a-month services. The large tenant class-72.2% in Mississippi, 63 % in Arowner. Census data give ground for this ladder theory for 24 % of all farm owners were formerly kansas, 66.6 % in Louisiana, and so on through tenants, and 20 % had been both farm laborers the cotton belt-are largely not being reach~d by and tenants previous to their status as farm the churches. Although 59.5% of the farm own- owners. There are thousands of farm tenants ers are members of the church only 33.50/0 of the who are living on land which they do not own and tenant class are so counted. Nevertheless the are rendering a good account of their steward- Church is the most important institution in this ship. Tenancy offers the only opportunity for area for the South is greatly devoted to the countless farm families to have access to the land. Church. Much depends upon the leadership in Among the membership of rural churches there this crucial hour and no mission field offers such are many tenants who assume their share of the a challenge to the Christian churches of America.

church's maintenance and live on a high level of We have on our hands a situation which is not life. Nor can all the poverty of farm life be laid sectional nor secular. It strikes at the very roots to tenancy. There are farm owners whose stand- of the economic and social and religious structure ard of living is far below that of some tenants and of America. We will let Erskine Caldwell de- whose income is far less than that of many ten- scribe the poverty of his own people.

FARM TENANTS AND SHARECROPPERS '289

In parts of the South human existence has reached its cotton houses they came seeking refuge and a lowest depths. Children are seen deformed by nature and chance for "life, liberty and the pursuit of hapmalnutrition; women in rags beg for pennies; and men piness." They would have readily waived the last are so hungry that many of them eat snakes, cow dung, of these rights for the bare chance to live. In and clay. These are the unknown people of today, the brief this project, after one year, reports thirtytenant farmer of the South. These are the people who one families of white and Negro sharecroppers hide their nakedness behind trees when a stranger wanders living cooperatively, law abiding under the laws off the road. There is hunger in their eyes as well as in of Mississippi which forbids the teaching of racial their bellies. equality but says nothing about forbidding its practice. The income of the thirty-one families Missionary aid is not a big factor in the has been doubled and an equity in the farm churches of the South for the twelve leading Prot- earned, while the standard of living has been estant denominations in this area put aid into this higher than any of the families have hitherto field in about the same proportion as they extend known. it to the Colonial region. For more will have to be done along this line among people so poor that And the churches have had a part in this enterfood, clothing and shelter are denied them beyond prise which a few courageous and statesmanlike the mere existence line in some sections. The more prosperous areas of the Church should at least help support an adequate ministry. But one rural secretary of a home mission board is on record with this far-sighted policy, "The difficulties in trying to maintain a rural church under such conditions are almost beyond description. That a ministry to such a group is a primary missionary responsibility is evident. The point we would press is that the Church must do more than merely provide a ministry to these depressed, dispossessed and discouraged people. It must find a way to bore into the basic problems of this poverty and to deal with the causes of the conditions which make the abundant life impossible."

The Delta Cooperative Farm Photo by Rothstein A SHARECROPPER'S FAMILY IN TANGIPAHOA In this, as in other fields, an ounce of creative PARISH, LOUISIANA activity is worth pounds of speculation, exhortation, criticism or fervid theorizing. The trial and men have fostered and carried on in the face of error method will once more have to be invoked. odds too heavy for timid souls. Sam Franklin has Fortunately for the South, and for the churches been the spearhead of this advance into the north and south, there is an effort being made in strongholds of a system which is gnawing away Mississippi among the sharecroppers which bids at more than the vitals of the South. Over in fair to turn up something of a solution even after Arkansas, Sam Franklin went onto a plantation only one year of trial. "The Delta Cooperative to talk with the widow of a murdered union man Farm" came into existence in March 1936. It and was accused by the landlord of "interfering was almost forced into existence by the desperate with labor," which is some kind of a crime in needs of the sharecroppers who were being de- Arkansas. When F:ranklin remonstrated at benied not only the necessities of life but their rights ing ordered off under threat of death the landas American citizens guaranteed under the Con- owner ended the conversation with this choice bit stitution. A farm of 2,138 acres along the Mis- of language, "I'd shoot you if you was Jesus Christ sissippi River near Hillhouse was bought by funds himself." Sam Frankljn is a Presbyterian minprovided by Dr. Sherwood Eddy and his friends ister, a former missionary to Japan. As director and was put into the hands of a board of five of the Delta Cooperative Farm he is also the mintrustees for a cooperative farm for sharecroppers. ister of the church on the farm which ministers Evicted sharecroppers, whose only offence was to the sharecroppers. Church boards of home membership and activity in a labor union known missions, local churches, labor unions and a host as the Southern Tenant Farmer's Union, had of others who are concerned about the evils of brought upon them the wrath of landowners and sharecropping have aided and abetted this worthy riding bosses on tenant plantations. These were and most important enterprise. invited to live on the farm and join the cooperative enterprise. From roadside colonies of evicted sharecroppers, from hiding places in woods and

Twenty–Five Years Ago and

By PROFESSOR ROSS J. GRIFFETH, Butler University, Indianapolis, Indiana Secretary of the National Rural Church Commission, Disciples of Christ T ODAY, in Madison Township, Morgan ways; automobiles; Indianapolis less than thirty County, Indiana, there are three church minutes drive; Public Enemy Number One? buildings, all of brick, well built. Two stand This is the picture of one rural community in idle almost all the time, with only an occasional which are to be found a fairly stable population, feeble effort at holding Sunday school to break the many well educated people, above-the-average eco- silence of one. Sporadic emotional outbursts in nomic prosperity, several aggressive workers in the second are reminiscent ghosts of revival meet- cooperative enterprises, a small group of church ings from the long ago, but now the effects of re- leaders who have become increasingly conscious vival efforts are shadowy, swiftly gone. Two of the plight and the importance of the rural other church buildings which once served the church. Such a picture, with different highlights, countryside are only memories in the minds and is repeated in many hundreds of American rural hearts of the few remaining septuagenarians communities.

whose residence extends so far back. The one How did this condition come to be? Trace the church which has regular services-Sunday morn- broader outlines of American history that, during ing only – is served by a minister who lives in the last twenty-five years, have led to the present Indianapolis, drives out Sunday morning and back situation; then glance at some of the measured to the city in the afternoon. factors that have contributed to the development Madison township is strictly rural. It has no of present-day rural church problems; finally, restore, no industrial enterprise save a canning fac- lieve the gloom by considering the work of two tory that cares for the local tomato crop. One or three rural churches in which important strides blacksmith shop with the ubiquitous gasoline have been made toward solving local problems.

pump, and one other gasoline pump furnish the Rural Progress Since 1912 only strictly nonagricultural pursuits, and even these are operated by farmers. What picture do we have of the church and its Approximately one hundred and thirty families community twenty-five years ago? Turn back the with less than six hundred individuals, make up pages of memory, but do not trust memory too the population. Sunday school attendance aver- much. You may be romancing.

ages fifty-five, and church attendance is about the The last large area of cultivable land within same. The church roll has on it eighty-six resi- the boundaries of the United States had been dent members, about sixteen per cent of the pop- claimed twenty-five' years ago. Some of it was ulation but some one hundred fifty of the people well settled; some only partially. The pioneer are touched by the church in some way. In so far spirit that had driven men out to make new geo- as the other four hundred are concerned, except graphical conquests was beginning to turn them as a landmark, the church is nonexistent. toward subduing the last virgin prairies and for- A consolidated school across the highway from ests. Here and there a voice of warning was the active church provides education through the raised in protest against the careless exploitation first eight grades. Twenty-nine young people at- of loam and woodland, but these voices were gen- tend high school in a near-by town, the home of erally unheeded. What did professors in .agricul- the once Public Enemy Number One, John Dil- tural colleges know? Was not the wealth of the linger. Only one of the twenty-nine high'school continent inexhaustible!

youths attends church regularly; a half dozen Itinerant evangelists at irregular intervals others come at infrequent intervals. brought emotional revivals to hamlet and country- What is the relationship between these factors: side. Now and again greater evangelists sent the the open country; closed churches; a nonresident populace of metropolitan areas to their knees- minister; inadequate religious training for for a time. Preaching was generally doctrinal.

youths; a satisfactory school system; paved high- The Church was seldom conceived of as having a . [290] social program for the community, but worked expanded, overmechanized. Land speculation valiantly to meet, in its own way, the needs of the brought economic disaster to many thousands of people as they were then understood. farmers. Land prices, averaging $108 per acre in 1920, fell to $76 per acre in 1926. Thus the The earlier pioneers had built churches as well equity of many who dreamed of one day calling as homes. No landscape of the prairies was with- rich farms their own, vanished, and these found out its church steeple. "The church in the wild- themselves to be tenants on soil owned by the wood" was an ever-present fact and an inescap- mortgage holder, or else they sought employment able factor in the life of each community. in the great city.

TENANT'S HOUSES IN ARKANSAS (Near Dyess Colony) The church, in both rural and urban areas, faced new problems, new forms of vice, new so- Twenty-five years ago the United States seldom cial and economic problems. Young people went looked beyond its own borders. Weekly news- to college or to industrial centers. The rural papers, and less frequently issued farm papers, church was all but stripped of its maturing leadbrought news of the larger community to the rela- ership. Urban churches could not provide for all tively contented countryside. Woodrow Wilson, who were thus transplanted. On the basis of sevwhose primary interest was in domestic problems, eral local surveys, it has been estimated that in was elected President. The policies, which in 1913 moving into Indianapolis, more Disciples of Christ he characterized under the title, "The New Free- failed to identify themselves with an urban church dom," aimed to bring a larger measure of privi- than there were in all the Disciples churches withlege to the citizens of limited or average means. in that city. They did not take account of Europe, the Far East, or African rubber plantations. Rural Amer- Under these conditions, secularism grew apace. ica had its problems, to be sure, but Wall Street Economic problems in rural areas left the church appeared to many to be only the major expression helpless. The depression came to rural America of Satan; banking reform, antitrust legislation, nearly ten years before October 29, 1929. In and farm loans at four or five per cent interest, 1919, wheat sold at $2.14 per bushel; in 1921 the seemed adequate to meet all needs. price was $1.19. There was no corresponding change in taxes; no lowering of the farmers' ex- Automobiles were few and expensive. Prac- penses. The church shared in the economic distically impassable roads seemed an insurmount- aster. While in 1925 and 1926 the United States, able obstacle to their general use. Telephones, taken as a whole, reached its all""time high in givhowever, had reached out into the back country ing to the church and to missionary enterprises, and had broken down some of the rural isolation. Rural mail delivery was becoming significant. In FARMER'S HOME' IN DYESS COLONY, ARKANSAS many communities the kerosene lamp appeared to be the final achievement in rural lighting. Farm the rural church was, at that time, struggling to machinery operated by other than anImal or man live. Trained ministers had migrated to the city power was beyond the thoughts of most tillers of and few were being trained to meet the needs of the soil. rural fields; and, tragically, few seemed to care.

Then came the World War. Agriculture ex- Then came the industrial depression. Boys and panded to feed hungry armies. Farmer lads were girls who, in the previous decade, would have gone torn from the soil to taste of travel, the devasta- to the cities, remained on farms. But mechanized tion of international strife, vice such as always farming, farm surpluses, ruinous prices (wheat marches with armies seeking to kill, and to rub brought the farmer twenty-five or twenty-six shoulders with sophisticates from bright light dis- cents a bushel in Oklahoma in 1933) made these tricts or crowded slums. young people an economic liability rather than an With the war over, agriculture was over-

asset as in pioneer days. The rural church was million, who took with them youth, vigor, ambition, and almost powerless to help in the crisis. To farm- up to thirty-five billi'On dollars of wealth. ers, ministers seemed to be a luxury. Thousands of churches said, "We shall do without a minister These facts lead to certain conclusions: until times are better." The income of churches fell off, as did that of individuals, only the (1) Cities cannot live without additions to their churches suffered most. Communities that once populations from rural areas; maintained, even though with pitiful inadequacy, two, three, four, or five, church buildings, could (2) The future city church cannot grow unless scarcely keep one going. The church of the open the rural churches prosper; country, in numberless cases, closed up or ceased to do more than give feeble evidences of life. Vil- (3) The cities, which have received vast lage churches fared little better. amounts of wealth from farms, must help, in a financial way, the rural congregations so that they Today the picture begins to brighten. Is it twi. may again be effective; light or dawn? Vigorous Christian leaders are determined to rehabilitate the rural church; they (4) Both rural and urban churches must, in are determined to make it dawn. As we behold the future, cultivate their fields more intensively what seems to be the opening eyelids of the morn- and reap a larger harvest of souls from a stable ing, let us take note of certain facts that must be or declining population, or they must perish. considered in any program of reconstruction. Tenantry and the Rural Church Rural Churches and Changing Life The President's Committee on Farm Tenantry Our survey of the larger American scene has reported on February 16, 1937, that "Tenancy has barely hinted at epoch-making factors that have increased from 25 per cent of all farmers in 1880 dynamited the life of a people and made debris of to 42 per cent in 1935. Because of debt, the aconce well-ordered thoughts. With old thought tual equity of operating owners is far less than patterns shattered, it is necessary to form new these figures indicate" (p. 3). What does this ones. The past must be pondered if we are to mean to the church? erect rock-founded structures for the future. Robert E. Hanson, graduate student in Butler Professor E. C. Cameron, whose invigorating University, College of Religion, who has just compublished articles, inspiring teaching, and dy- pleted a study of rural Churches of Christ in Innamic deeds were arousing numberless Christians diana, found that 69 per cent of rural church to meet the challenge of needy rural fields, and members were farmers. The other 31 per cent whose early death last December brought sorrow was composed of business men, professional men, to all whose hearts beat in sympathy and with and persons in other occupations. Of the farmhope for rural Christians everywhere, has writ- ers, 67 per cent owned their farms, 29 per cent ten: were tenants, four per cent were hired hands. No definite figures are available for comparison, but Until the last few years we had assumed that the people it is certain that the percentage of farm owners of our nation would one day number two hundred million. who are church members is higher than the per- Upon the basis 'Of this continued expansion, our Chambers centage of tenants who belong to church. Furof Commerce envisioned growing cities, new and larger ther, the financial support of the church rests in public buildings, an ever-gr'Owing demand for industrial large measure upon the farmer who owns his products. Educational leaders prepared for larger enroll- land. The tenants, because of insecurity, find it ments in grades and colleges. Churches were built t'O care difficult to feel that any investments they make in for congregations expected to become large as a matter of the local church will be of continuing service to course. Our national life was permeated by.an optimistic them. and invigorating, if a little slap-dash in style, phil'Osophy of expansion. According to figures published in Wallaces' Farmer, on February 13, 1937, 34 per cent of all Since 1932 we have been brought up with a jerk. On Iowa farmers had been on their farms less than the basis of the 1930 census, and other data, Dr. O. E. two years and 25 per cent more had been on their Baker, Senior Agricultural Economist, Department of farms from' two to five years. Thus, 59 per cent Agriculture, figures that our p'Opulation will reach a top of Iowa tenant farmers had been on their Jarms of one hundred thirty-two million in 1945, and then dr'Op five years or less. It is difficult, if not impossible, to one hundred twenty-seven million in 1960, and under to build significant churches or important comone hundred million by 1990.· munity programs with such shifting populations. To bring stability in the church tomorrow, the There is ample evidence that all cities 'Of 2,500 popula- tenant farmers must be helped to purchase their tion and above are not having enough births to keep their farms today. population at present levels. The surplus births which feed our cities and continue our populati'On growth occur Indiana has often been used for surveys of one in rural districts and mainly bel'Ow the Mason-Dixon line. kind and another, especially church surveys. As- suming that Indiana is typical of rural America, Following Dr. Baker again, from 1920 to 1930, nineteen milli'On farm boys and girls went to the cities; thirteen million returned, leaving a net gain to the cities of six

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO AND NOW

and the Disciples of Christ are typical of Indiana, in the community. On June 6, 1937, Mr. Hugh here are miscellaneous facts discovered by Robert T. Miller, of Columbus, Indiana, son of John C. E. Hansen that tell the plight of the rural church Miller, himself a minister until conditions beyond in America. his control kept him from the work, will serve as representative of his family and formally give to Only 30 per cent of the rural churches have full-time the trustees of the Nineveh Church of Christ the ministers. family farm of eighty acres. The house is to serve as the parsonage. The present minister, G. F. Only 53 per cent of the members of rural churches are Powers, will share the rural life of his parishactive. ioners by planting a garden, keeping chickens and a cow, and living close to the soil. He will not do Forty-eight per cent of the rural Sunday schools make extensive farming so as to hinder his ministerial no provision for leadership training. One-third more have work but will further his worK by sharing the life had but a single leadership training course. of his people.

Only 48 per cent of the rural ministers live on the field The congregation at Stilesville, Indiana, decided they serve. that it needed something more than a one-room meeting house. With Albert Reitzel in charge, Eighty-seven per cent of the rural ministers have had seven men, with four teams, dug a basement in little or no training which especially fits them for work two and one-half days. Harvey McClellan arin the rural field. A RURAL CHURCH IN MORGAN CITY, INDIANA The Way Out ranged for the needed sand and gravel. Under Are the rural churches today capable of serv- the direction of Theodore Mullis and Robert Rhea, ing the communities in which they are located in the cement floor and walls of the basement were such a way that the moral and spiritual founda- completed in l~ss than four days. Bernard O'Rear tions of the communities will be made secure? and Chester Gregory, using volunteer groups of The answer, of course, varies from place to place. men and boys, built the structure over the base- Thousands of rural churches have closed their ment. Schuyler Arnold attended to the finishing doors. Economic necessity, loss of leadership, work. In one way or another, every member of population shifts, have all done their share to the church and Sunday school was used. The chilmake the abandoned rural church an all too fa- dren enjoyed sharing in the clean up. miliar sight. Fortunately there is an increasing number of communities where planned movements The formula for making the individual rural toward unity have eliminated wasteful competi" church effective is simple. The main elements tion between rival denominations and have made are: devotion to Christ; a vision; the willingfora finer community spirit. Here are the things ness to see it through. The church does not so some Indiana churches are doing to make the much need expert leaders as devoted leaders who church effective. will act as well as dream.

Rev. Lee Tinsley, fifty years a minister, chair- What will the rural church be twenty-five years man of the Indiana Rural Church Commission, from now? That depends upon what we now Disciples of Christ, has made the church a com- start to make it. munity center. Whenever the farmers think of holding any kind of meeting, they think of the Little Flat Rock church. When Sunday comes, their automobiles know how to stop at the church. Each year a Rural Church Week is observed, and each day of the week some group is stimulated to undertake a larger task within the church.

Nineveh, Indiana, has but one church now. Another passed out of existence many years ago. From this continuing church have gone out two Superintendents of Public Instruction for the State of Indiana, several ministers, missionaries, college professors, and many public school teachers, as well as to other callings. The church was founded in 1832. About thirty-five years ago, a beloved minister, John C. Miller, who lived on a farm a half-mile from the church, went to his eternal reward. The children held the farm and continued to make substantial contributions to the budget of the church although they no longer lived

the Fountains

By the REV. HENRY W. McLAUGHLIN, Richmond, Virginia Director of the Department of Country Church and Sunday School Extension, Presbyterian Church in the United States FROM over the hills of yesterday come the Ills and the Cure memories of a fountain by which stood great oak trees. Near this spring my grandfather There are many things in the world today which selected the location, and erected the two-story log are calculated to give us grave concern. The conhouse in which I was born. Here I used to play flicts between labor and capital, the constant inunder the watchful eye of my grandmother. As crease in the manufacture of implements of war, in Wordsworth's lines- the international jealousies and misunderstand- ings, the enlarging use of intoxicants, the increase We lay beneath a spreading oak, of crime, and the breakdown of family life-all Beside a mossy seat; are indications of modern trends which threaten the peace and happiness of the world. If we And from the turf a fountain broke should permit ourselves to dwell upon these mod- And gurgled at our feet. ern trends, we would all tend to become pessi- mists. Indeed, I would be a weeping Jeremiah if I One of the chores, when I was a lad on my fa- did not believe that there is a remedy for society. ther's farm, was to keep this spring clean. The good health of the family depended upon it. Never In the World War, President Woodrow Wilson was there a case of typhoid fever in our family, called our American youth to arms and across the save one, and that contracted away from home. seas four million strong. He called them with the That spring, the sole source of the family water slogan – "We must make the world safe for desupply was but one of many thousands of sources mocracy." What we need in our new emergency of the Ohio River and its tributaries. in America, where the dangers are from within rather than from without, is a democracy which In Psalm 104, the 10th verse, we read: "He is safe for the world. If we are to have such a sendeth the springs into the valleys, which run democracy, our citizens, the self-sovereigns, must among the hills." be intelligent and trustworthy. We are spending millions of money to make our citizens intelligent. We are beginning to appreciate our great rivers Never has the world seen such another adventure as means of transportation and sources of power. in education as is found in our great public school There is, however, a very vital relationship be- system-from the little one-room school houses to tween the springs that run among the hills and the great universities. We are discovering, howthe rivers. If the springs should dry up, our river ever, that crime grows apace, and that educated beds would become stagnant pools. criminals are a greater menace than those who are illiterate. Education alone will not guarantee A few months ago I visited Habersham and us a democracy which is safe for the world. All Hall Counties in North Georgia. There I saw our citizens might be as highly educated as Aaron those beautiful crystal springs that burst from the mountainside and form the source of the Chattahoochee, and I was reminded of the song of one of our Southern poets, Sidney Lanier- But oh, not the hills of Habersham, Burr, and yet democracy would fail. We might And oh, not the valleys of Hall have miraculous power to transform the machines Avail: I am fain for to water the plain. of war into implements of peace, or alcohol and Downward the voices of Duty call- narcotics into water and harmless drugs as a re- Downward, to toil and be mixed with the main; cent play by H. G. Wells shows, but unless there The dry fields burn, and the mills are to turn, were so-me power to change the charact~rs and And a myriad flowers mortally yearn, motivations of people and to make them trust- And the lorIdly main from beyond the plain worthy, their selfish civilization would prove a Calls o'er the hills of Habersham, failure. Calls through the valleys of Hall.

As the fountains among the hills are the sources We believe that the Gospel of the Lord Jesus of the rivers, so are the country communities to Christ is the one dynamic that can change men society as a whole. and can rightly motivate them. As the Apostle [294 ] Paul says, "I am not ashamed of the Gospel: for of today will have six times as many descendants as 1,000 it is the power of God unto salvation to everyone city people. The rural people, like the meek, seem very that believeth; to the Jew first, and also to the likely to inherit the earth, or at least to acquire the use Greek." What the Gospel will do for the indi- of it. vidual, it will do for society. Our need in America, where we have so many ills and so many nos- It will be noted (see graph) that in the cities, trums offered as a cure, is that we as a people be- largely of American stock,there are only 225 chilcome Christian not merely in name but in reality. dren under five years of age for every 1,000 But no nation was ever made Christian by at- women 15 to 45 years of age; while in the rural tempting to make it Christian in the cities alone. The crying need of the hour is to make the people NUMBER OF FARMS of America Christian at the sources. We cannot have clear and beautiful rivers from muddy springs. We cannot have a Christian America unless the sources of society are Christian.

The Sources in Rural Life The country communities are the sources of so- nonfarm population, which consists of the dwellciety, because here a large number of children are ers in cotton mills, mining, lumber and other vilborn and reared. According to Kolb and Brunner lages, there are 471; while on the farms there are in their "Study of Rural Society," in the cities 545 children for every 1,000 women of child-bearthere are only four families out of every 100 ing age. In some of our Southern counties there which have four or more children. On our Amer- are almost as many children under five years as ican farms 40 out of every 100 families have four there are women from 15 to 45 years of age. Dr. or more children. Or to put it another way, in Baker calls attention to the fact that it requires our cities there are only 38 people out of every 370 children per 1,000 women to maintain a sta- 100 under 20 years of age. In our villages there are 48 out of every 100 persons under 20 years of ro tionary population. Roughly speaking,there are age; while on our farms there are 52 out of every 100 under 20 years of age. 25 less children born in our cities than are Dr. O. E. Baker, Senior Agricultural Economist ro necessary to keep the population stationary, while of the United States, in a recent address, said: on our American farms there are 50 more than In our large cities today ten adults are having about are necessary to keep the population stationary. seven children. If the birthrate remains stationary, these The rural communities are, therefore, the main sources of society. NUMBER OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE PER 1.000 WOMEN 15 TO 45 YEARS OF AGE IN"UNITED STATES.APRIL 1.1930 The Rural Work Commission of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, has issued a report CLASS OF POPULATION NUMBER OF CHILDREN PER 1.000 WOMEN showing that church membership and Sunday 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1 000 school enrollment run very much lower among the o rural people than in the urban districts. From their Report No. I, and other sources of infor- URBAN mation, we gleaned the facts tabulated below. Note that we are giving the urban and rural pop- All CITIES II ulations of the sixteen Southern states and the OVER 100.000 — — – – 293 District of Columbia; we also give the church POPULATION II membership, nonchurch population and the per- centage of church membership both in the urban ALL CITlES ABOUT 310 CHILDREN PER 1.000 WOMEN and rural areas; likewise totals in the sixteen WERE NECESSARY rONA/NTAIN POPULATION Southern states and the District of Columbia. 2.500 TO 100.000 – – – – 341 STATIONARY IN 10&0 Clean Fountains and Pure Rivers POPULATION IIII Our rather extensive studies reveal the fact that RURAL if you answer three questions about the people IIIII who live in the communities that lie within the RURAL NON-FARM (MOSTLY VILLAGE)— 47 t POPULATION LESLIE COUNTY IIIII EASTERN KENTUCKY – 91 5 (95% ON FARMS) • PORTLAND (ORECON). SAN FRANCISCO. LOS ANGELES. KANSAS CITY, ST LOUIS, NASHVILLE. AND ATLANTA seven in turn will have only five, and these five only three and one-half children. In three generations, or a century, these cities would decline to about one-third their present population, unless they received accessions from outside. A century is not a long span in the history of a nation. In the farm population, on the other hand, ten adults are now having thirteen children. If the birthrate remains stationary, these thirteen in turn will have seventeen children, and these seventeen would have twenty-two children. It appears likely that a century hence 1,000 farm people

trade area of a city, you can tell almost exactly the purpose of purifying the water supply alone. what will be the crime record of that city. Should they not be interested even more in purify- ing the fountains from which flow their popula- What proportion of the people dQ not own their homes? tions? Shall the new generation now being reared What proportion of the people are not members of any on our American farms, many of whom must church? inevitably flow to the cities, go there as Christians What proportion of the people are not enrolled in any or as potential criminals? That question must Sunday school? be answered by the churches of America in this generation. Where non-home ownership, and non-church membership, and non-Sunday school enrollment Christ not only shows the way of righteousness, run high, in the communities constituting the but furnishes the power by which men may walk sources of society, the cities which are fed by these in that Way. He offers the only dynamic that sources have a high crime' record. The annual can rightly motivate living and banish selfishness. cost of crime is a tax on our American people of Therefore, the only hope of society in America something like $120.00 per capita. But it is not and in the world is through the power of Christ. the cost of crime that is the worst feature. Crime Only when He has been enthroned in the hearts is but a symptom, as pain is a symptom of cancer. of men, only when we seek first the kingdom of Think of all the sorrow, suffering, wretchedness, God and His righteousness can we settle our diffidegradation, depravity, sin that lies back of this culties, and solve our economic, political and socost of crime. Think of the people who are at the cial problems. Only thus will crime be abolished; very sources of society, with lost souls because only thus will we learn war no more and make they have been neglected by the Church. Our pure and happy the home life of the people. cities are tremendously interested in keeping pure their sources of milk and water supplies. Some Keep the fountains clean! of our cities are spending millions of dollars for URBAN RURAL Percentage Percentage Nonchurch Church Church Population Members Church Nonchurch Church Members States Populations Population Members Population Members Alabama …………. 744,273 345,867 398,406 46.4 1,901,975 871,303 1,030,672 45.8 FAlrokraidnasas…………………….. 282,878 182,672 200,206 47.7 1,471,604 759,778 267,747 492.,031 35.2 438,435 1,033,169 29.7 Georgia ………….. 895,492 427,573 467,919 47.7 708,433 799,026 433,712, 365,314 54.2 2,013,014 260,633 447,800 36.7 ………… Kentucky •• 0 ••••••••• 833,532 1,815,563 974,869 1,268,061 922,611 1,090,413 43.8 Louisiana 338,850 1,859,119 656,657 617,792 1,197,771 34.0 MMMiiassrssyiosluasrinipdpi……………………………… 809,847 1,670,971 821,621 500,636 332,896 60.0 1,770,248 536,372 731,689 42.2 North Carolina ……. 371,080 523,270 451,599 53.6 2,326,429 896,538 1,574,359 235,096 421,561 35.8 OSToeknulanthheossmCeaaero..li..n..a……………………. 2,389,348 1,367,685 TWVeierxsgatisnVi.ai.r.g..i.n…ia………………………. 785,537 170,844 168,006 50.2 1,720,018 629,665 1,041,306 37.6 . District of Columbia . 491,514 967,323 891,796 52.0 3,435,367 486,869 1,636,314 613,955 1,156,293 34.6 1,237,701 392,321 417,526 48.6 1,014,684 1,345,745 42.9 282,264 539,417 34.8 … ….. 221,694 149,386 59.7 298,819 1,275,540 18.9 651,834 715,851 47.7 409,750 486,788 45.7 608,283 1,111,737 35.3 1,060,075 1,329,273 44.3 1,220,291 2,215,076 35.5 418,268 367,269 53.2 754,179 882,135 46.1 227,684 263,820 46.3 304,299 933,402 24.5 . ……. …….. 238,871 247,998 49.0 14,640,161 7,070,571 7,569,650 48.2 26,598,399 9,978,251 16,630,150 37.5 POPULATION, CHURCH MEMBERS AND NON-CHURCH MEMBERS IN THE SOUTHERN STATES Here it will be seen that while about 36% of the population of these states are in urban communities, and 64510 live in rural districts, only 37% of the rural population is included on the church rolls. There are over 16 million people in rural areas who are included in the non-church population, or nearly twice as many as in the cities.

Workers in Rural

By REV. HILDA L. IVES, Newton Center, Massachusetts Executive Secretary of the Associated Commissions for the Development of the Rural Churches in New England EVERYTHING has its good and its bad side. it will not be done in great areas of rural Amer- The sun can scorch and destroy, even as it ica. There is no one else to do it.

can invigorate and call forth life. A Christian ministerishould not prescribe treat- So the rulfal community, near to fields of slum- ment for the syphilitic man, but he should know bering seed, waiting the touch of the sun, close to the early and late symptoms of the disease. A forests vibrant with song, in the midst of flower- minister should not treat the mental case, but he ing and fragrant meadows, also contains homes should know the symptoms of a disordered mind of squalor, of stark unadornment and of menacing -the signals of danger in hypersensitive person- conditions of life. alities. A minister should not set bones but he The slums of a city rend the heart. People should be able to put on a tourniquet in times of underprivileged and poor, through little fault of accident and give first aid in the innumerable their own, are herded together in surroundings emergencies of farm life when no other help is that suggest no handiwork of God. There are at hand. The minister must 'Je the spiritual con- hot pavements, crowded tenements, cluttered tact man: one who will astablish contact between yards, many with no blade of grass! These are the person in his need and tIie social reliefs and man made-both the slums and the setting. Slums the scientific helps of the modern age. He must in a rural community are paradoxical. God and especially be a man who will establish contact with life and beauty abound everywhere; man alone the dynamic resources of the Living God through is degraded, unlovely and not free. Jesus Christ, for the renewal and the regeneration The meadow shack, the home of a rural squat- of body, mind and spirit. ter, the isolated cabin jammed with family life, After one hundred years and more of continued the temporary homes built around sawmills or work the rural church of the United States has logging operations in the woods, are not only an failed to reach four-fifths of its constituency. It insult to the sun, to bracing winds and to ov~r- must dare to face its failure and the reasons for shadowing mountains and hills, but are an insult it. May it not be true that the churches, with to God Himself. their emphasis on preaching and teaching, have As one thinks of "case work" among families opened the hearts of very limited numbers to real in the cities, families that must be rehabilitated religious experience of God? Jesus' approach to and restored, there comes to mind innumerable the hearts of men was constantly through the philanthropic agencies equipped with personnel alleviation of hunger, pain and acute mental and and means to meet human need. Witness the physical distress. He found people and went Community Chests of the cities with budgets that about doing good. The Samaritan woman by the reach into the millions and with concentrated well did not seek Him. He first spoke to her wealth to tap. But as one surveys the villages and as she drew water. He recognized and knew the hamlets, the available philanthropic resources her moral problem of having had five husbands are few and the trained social workers for the and of living with a man who was not her hus- most part are many miles away. band. The man of Gadara out of the tombs did These very facts create an unparalleled oppor- not seek Jesus. Jesus met him "whom no man tunity for the rural ministers of Christ. A King- could bind and who always day and. night was in dom of Service is waiting for them-a service to the mountains crying and cutting himself with rural folk in their deepest need. But this service stones." The multitude at the pool of the sheep is only possible for a ministry that is trained to market did not come to Jesus. He went where detect and understand these needs, with knowl- the blind, the halt and the withered were gathered edge of how to ameliorate existing conditions and and told an impotent man, who for thirty-eight with spiritual power to transform and restore life. years had been waiting for help, to arise and take If the minister of Christ cannot give physical, up his bed and walk.

moral and spiritual first aid, one thing is certain: A fair critic of the rural ministry must realize [297]

how inadequate is the preparation of the average tive hearts-a wedge that opens the heart with- minister for vital case work. Run over the cur- out its conscious knowledge and allows the warmth ricula of the theological seminaries if proof of and glow of friendly understanding and interest such a statement is needed. There is, however, to enter. It is true, probably, that the majority encouragement in an awakening to the need. A of people feel real hesitation in asking a minister bulletin of the Andover Newton Theological for practical and material assistance unless they Scho,ol at Newton Centre, Massachusetts, has this are loyal to the church which he serves. For the heading: "Supervised Clinical Experience for same reason they very often do not reveal to the Students of Pastoral Psychology" under Professor minister in his calls of friendship, their most per- Philip Guiles. The report of the Investigating sonal problems, or their most devastating de- Committee of the American Association of The- spairs, unless he tactfully shows that he knows of ological Schools as regards Clinical Training for their difficulty and desires their happiness and Theological students contains the following para- welfare. A minister who serves in life's emer- graph: gencies, when all human reliances are set aside The Council for Clinical Training and the Earhart by pain or poverty, can gain an entrance into a Foundation are the only two organizations offering a care- man's heart and inner life that can' come in no fully conceived plan of training on an interdenominational other way. He becomes associated with the whole basis. Therefore this study has been confined to them. healing plan that can be worked out in coopera- The Council for Clinical Training has taken as its aim, tion with other experts. It is one thing for a "To provide for students for the ministry opportunities minister to enter the ward of a hospital, and find to obtain clinical experience in dealing with the infirmities of mankind." Training is offered to a limited number of there a parishioner injured or ill and then work qualified students from theological seminaries of recog- out a way to sustain him by friendliness, counsel nized standing irrespective of denomination. It consists and prayer; it is another thing to be called as a of directed case work and study of the social resources of Man of God at the moment of dire need. the community; actual work with patients in the hospitals and clinics; participation in the medical ward rounds and I remember a call that came once from a young conferences with regard to these patients; and, finally, mother on an isolated farm. The message over seminars in which general physician, psychiatrist, psy- the telephone said, "Come at once please, Ma is chologist, and social worker discuss together with the theological students the patients with whom they are awful sick." I hurried to the farm home which working. was set far back on a rough country road. Rural Up to the present, the work has been confined electrification was too expensive for such areas of to patients in hospitals. The scope and influence the country. The little son had walked six miles of this work must be extended to many other types to reach a telephone to call me to his mother's aid. of institutions, and into the parishes of ministers I overtook him, as I drove along the road; he was that are eager for such education and help for a hot, distressed little figure knowing something their people. very bad was happening to his mother. To be a little boy and to have something wrong with one's Thousands and millions of suffering souls in the cities seek the clinics, hospitals, family welfare mother is like pending doom. societies and temporary shelter without the guid- As I entered the home I could see the high color ance or sympathetic friendliness of a minister of God. The deep and deserved loyalties of these of fever on the pallid face, the intense suffering people are given permanently to these social work- from pain. A doctor was on his way, but fifteen ers, these doctors and these nurses. The Church miles could not be covered in a very short time. should realize what its ministry has lost in not Here was my chance as a case worker to give being called upon as the helpful servant in the courage, tenderness, God-to prepare the way for emergencies of human life and the ministering possible hospital treatment; to tell of the friendfriend in time of greatest need. The rural min- liness and goodness of doctors and nurses so that ister need not be so handicapped. If he is worthy they might not seem to be strangers; to assure the of being a trained case worker for Christ, his mother that every care would be taken of her fields are already before him-white unto harvest. home during her absence; and to let her know that I would stand by her through thick and thin. Naturally I put my hand on her hot feverish head Someone may well ask, "Cannot the minister and prayed that the cooling healing touch of the gain the deep loyalties of the people on the spir- Master- might make her whole-that touch which itual plane apart from the other ministries of drew its life from an unswerving faith 'that no relief?" The answer is that a head-on, direct ap- permanent harm could ever come to a child of proach to the religious needs of people who do not God, the Father. .

feel, to any marked degree, the need of God, and There are several qualities that must belong to who do not want anyone's help to find Him, is not a Christian case worker. His parish must know the Christian touch on human hearts. The min- that all confidences are placed in a spiritual safe ister must find the entering wedge into unrecep- which holds them in'violate. The case worker

CASE WORKERS IN RURAL AREAS

must consider as sacred the disclosures of to forgive to the number of seventy times seven. wounded hearts. A Christian case worker has really to love the The Christian case worker must not be afraid unlovely. He must believe that every human soul to face facts frankly with a friend. I remember is precious in the sight of God. So the search to the case of a girl who had lost her position in a reach that soul of man becomes a spiritual advencommercial firm. Word came that she was dis- ture of trust and of love. A soul may be growing couraged so I went to seek her out. As she came by the grace of God; it may be struggling in the to the door to talk with me, I knew almost in- midst of sin; it may be buried deep; but to a stantly the truth about her condition. Her body Christian case worker, the soul of a man must be revealed definite disease in an advanced form. reached. One would never dare believe that a At my request we withdrew to a stone wall some soul could be awakened apart from God. Only distance from the farmhouse where her mother those case workers who by closest communion could not hear the conversation and I spoke sym- with Christ, and in closest contact with human pathetically of her loss of position and of the en- need have opened their lives to the creative life suing worry that had come to her. She gave no of God, can be used to permanently change human sign of telling the truth about herself. The time life. Social workers, uninspired by God, can be had come when I must tell her the truth so I said counted upon to achieve few real transformations quietly, of moral and spiritual life.

"You must be your own fine self. You must be A case worker must use the increasing wealth in the future strong and well. I know you are ill. of valuable publications prepared by national and You have an infection of syphilis. You haven't state social agencies. A pamphlet placed in the known, have you, how to get help? Of course you hands of a person in need can be read and reread. have been afraid. But you can be made well. In this way the quiet study of a problem can be Will you let me help you?" extremely helpful. * She burst into tears and said, "I haven't known what to do. I didn't dare to There is a question when and how prayer should tell anyone the truth." be used in pastoral visits. Only a sensitive case "Have you been close to your little sisters?" I worker can judge. One thing is sure, I believe, that prayers that throb with deep understanding of the asked. human heart, its aspirations, its denials and its "Yes, I have," she said, "I have been sharing the agonies, are life-giving to others. Prayers that share another's joy or ecstacy or pain in naturalsame bed with one of them." ness and sincerity are always welcomed and re- "Well, we'll now be sure that they are safe, too," membered. A Christian case worker should not ask if a person wants a prayer-that creates a I replied. "Have you seen a doctor?" self-conscious situation. He should never pray if "Yes," she answered. "I was better for a time he could easily be prevented from praying. He should only pray when he must. Then God speaks after my visit to him, so I didn't go back to him -not he himself. And when God whispers to man, as he suggested." man never forgets.

"Does the man in the case know of your con- The rural case worker will find that human lives will share dark secrets of sin, hidden fears and dition ?" baffiing problems of conduct if his service has "Yes, he told me that he was -ill and that I had been lowly and sacrificial. He will find that hu- man lives will be unwilling to receive suggestion better look out." of change in life's conduct or surroundings if "Is he standing by?" trust has not been established from heart to heart. "No, he left me some weeks ago, and is paying This analysis of the need of trained case workattention to a school-teacher in another town." ers for rural America applies equally to the rural "We will have to face facts with him too," I world. There are great mission fields in foreign lands whose social, health and religious needs said. "You must help me to help all who may should arouse the whole Christian Church to an have been hurt by your mistake." immediate sacrificial crusade for the alleviation of this human suffering. Out of this experience came a deep and abiding • The materials of such agencies as the Social W()rk Publicity friendship. C()uncil, the Child Welfare League of America, the National Recrea- A Christian social worker must have infinite tion ASSOCiation, the Nat()nal Probation ASSOCiation, the American Public Health ASSOCiation, the American S()cial Hygiene Associati()n, patience in dealing with cases that may need ad- the National Committee f()r Mental Hygiene, the Family Welfare justments and counsel, not only for years, but Association of America, the United States Children's Bureau and the, throughout life. The Apostle Peter's loyalty was Foreign Language Inf()rmati()n Service are heartily recommended,- not developed, even in his early intimate contact H, I. with Jesus, into a dependable, never-failing virtue. Life's strains and stresses often bring to the surface old weaknesses and sins that in hours of strength seem to have been conquered. Jesus Himself showed the need of continual patience and forgiveness when He said that one must be ready

a Farmer's Wife Sees

–tEtI~i ; ; ;v; ; ;e; ; ;fm; ; ;o; ; ;o; ; ;t= ; ; ;!JI ~- ==;;;;;B;;;;;Y;;;;;N=IN=A;;;;;B=.;;;;;HE=W;;;;;I;;;;;TT=,;;;;;R;;;;;i;;;;;ve;;;;;f;;;;;to;;;;;o;;;;;, C OMING from a farm home I have always greet the trees and plants by name, like old been farm-minded. After having lived in friends. Heaven bless the man who allows fruit- small villages, except for about three years bearing bushes and trees to grow that the birds in the capital, my home is now in the midst of may live. A fine sense of these blessings naturally farms with a magnificent Green Mountain view leads to the worship of God.

to west and north. There are few really pros- One little community that we know has "left perous farms in this area, and very few active their low-vaulted past" and has "built new temples Christians. Poverty, debts, privation and attend- nobler than the last" until they have become an ant miseries abound. earnest, organized, active Christian church with Throughout the country we are reaping the re- such an interest in serving others that their gifts for benevolences were higher per capita than any suIt of banishing religion from public schools. We other church in the district. They outgrew the have a crop of young folks whose ignorance of dance hall, remodeled an old store into a comforteverything concerning the Bible or religion is colossal. Social evils abound, such as could not able and commodious church, and' finally, to rid obtain were there a wholesome ~espect for the the place of drunken brawls and other wicked- Mosaic Law. nesses accompanying the dances, the church bought the dance hall and converted it into a par- Nine-year-old brides are not found in this vi- sonage and Community Hall supervised by the cinity, but far too many brides come to the Manse church. There was some grumbling, but the several months too late. One couple came to be community as a whole realizes the benefit. Some married bringing their baby! Incest, sodomy, of the dearest saints we know live there in that fornication, adultery are undisturbed by officers rural hamlet where now they practice cooperative of law. It is rumored that two families living in buying and selling. When Christ is given a a double house have swapped mates but not names. chance, life can be transformed and become "more Nothing is done about it. Would not a general abundant." respect for God's laws make a difference? Think of the lynchings, kidnapings, assaults and murder Farmers are peculiar creatures. They need the of young girls, one of the most recent having been influence of Jesus Christ. There is far too much perpetrated by boys of five and nine years! Why? of "each man for himself"; too little neighborly Why? How can little boys play that way? Why? helpfulness; too, much work; too little play.

Do not parents need to be educated for their re- Recreation is too far away. The whole family sponsibilities? will pile into the old Ford and drive to town to see the movies instead of helping to plan neigh- As though we could not produce enough trouble borhood good times. for ourselves, gangs of city criminals come and rob our banks, steal our chickens, our cars and Too many farm folks never know when Sunday our apples; , yes, and our beans, cucumbers and comes. They never hear a sermon, unless by sweet corn. Forgery frequently comes into our radio. They never accept the challenge of Malachi courts. Even counterfeiting has been discovered. 3: 10: "Bring ye all the tithes into the store- It is hard to catch these thieves, for in a night house, that there may be meat in mine house; and they can go so far in automobiles. Can anyone prove me now herewith, saith the Lord of hosts, estimate the moral ruin brought about in cars if I will not open you the windows of heaven, and parked in lonely spots with curtains drawn? pour you out a blessing, that there shall not be When tares are sown what shall the harvest be? room enough to receive it."

There is a pleasanter side of the picture. Some It seems sensible for farmers to provide a house country people see God's handiwork in the for hired help; to allow the "help" to raise a few smallest blade of grass, the tiniest blossom, the calves, pigs or chickens; to furnish land for his majestic mountains, the splashing brooks, fields garden. But comparatively few such homes are of waving grain. We can see the blue sky-more seen. I wonder that the Federal A-Z does not intensely blue beyond an expanse of green field or endeavor to place some of the unemployed this above a spreading elm. It is no small pleasure to way. Government money might well be used [300] among our farmers. Our farm daughters would center where no minister ever calls, each thinking be safer than they are now with the lusty, young, those people are in the other parish. There is a often unprincipled hired man living in the farm- wide field for the Home Department of the Church er's home. Neighbor-ownership of expensive School with a faithful visitor to operate. farm machinery like tractors, harvesters, silo fillers, spraying apparatus, would be a good thing. In one parish an interesting experiment was made last summer. A friendly, energetic, city Some farmers suffer from specializing on one minister wanted a vacation in the country, to live product such as milk or potatoes, or apples. When in the parsonage and preach each week. He and the crop fails or the market is uncertain, the his family went to this little village and had a family suffers real privation. He either borrows good time visiting the people. The sermons money to keep going or skimps along somehow. pleased them. He could lead the singing. The The old-time diversified farming produced a liv- church was lacking young people. A canvass was ing. If crops failed there were the pigs, calves made and nearly two hundred were found within and chickens to help out. This region depends the bounds of that parish! Spiritual life was upon the maple sugar crop for certain income quickened; interest in church affairs was reevery year, though it varies greatly. newed; financial support was promised, even by people who never before would help – all this What the Rural Church Needs during the vacation season of one preacher and his family! If Christ were lived by preachers and It is customary for people to look to the Church laymen, it would not take long to work a treto correct all sorts of errors. But the rural church mendous change in many a rural settlement. is rather helpless. Its members are farm people who have had no training in religious education Many a country church thinks it cannot do and social service. It is hard to find anyone will- things for lack of equipment, while probably right ing to try to teach in the Sunday school-and it is in the dooryard stands a vacant house whose worse to have some teachers than none at all. We owner would gladly allow it to be used for a social need farm girls and boys who can be trained for center or sell for small price. It woud be helpful social and religious work, and who will come back if church activities were reported in local newsto the home town and become leaders. We need papers. A church news reporter or publicity preachers who can live on next to nothing- agent should tell every week what is coming and preachers filled with the Holy Spirit like the early what has been done. A woman in a little village circuit riders, full of zeal and devotion, who can do church near me takes pains to send such items to pioneer work, unhampered by family cares. Many the daily paper. More such news and less of a rural hamlet will never more have preaching crime would tend to make newspapers better unless something of this sort be done. Fine old reading. New England Meeting Houses are going to ruin because the people think they cannot pay a min- Many a community does not realize its reister's salary. sources; does not utilize the talents of its people. We cry for leaders while perhaps people with We need Ambassadors of Christ who have the leadership ability are living near and wishing for skill to present the work of the Church in such a something to do. In these days of musical trainfascinating way that the congregation will know ing in public schools, it is to be regretted that that the larger work was in the mind of Christ rural churches suffer from inadequate choirs. when He said, "Go … preach … teach … heal." We work hard during the week and easily Strong advocates of righteousness and religious doze off to sleep in a church service. The education are found in many rural churches. The message must be vital, searching, deep, command- women's missionary societies, the Christian Teming attention. It need not be marked by flowery perance Unions, the Anti-Saloon League and other oratory, but must be delivered with sincerity that organizations do valiant service. Their meetings, can be felt. The average adult gets more good their study and social gatherings furnish a means from Bible truths when expressed in language a of real growth. Horizons are broadened, interest child can understand than from a dissertation in the less fortunate of the world is awakened. crammed with seven-syllable words. The average They learn the physical, religious, moral, mental rural congregation contains few college graduates. and spiritual needs of others and then do some- thing about it. It is astonishing how the small Rural communities suffer when they are served sums we give in local societies help to roll up by a preacher from a larger town, miles away. the millions that are used "For the love of Christ Things close to home loom larger than the rural and in His name" for His "brethren" all over the parish so far from sight. We need circuit riders to come around to such places in regular routine. world. Do not forget the no-man's-land surrounding Christian citizens often forget their civic reevery organized parish – sections far from the sponsibilities. Many never go to town meeting. The worst example of the result of such laxity is

the present burden of the liquor traffic. Having In towns the nearness of people makes a differrid the country of it once, the Church could have ence, and the constant presence of distracting kept it out if they had not become careless. Why things helps one over the critical period. But we must some terrible calamity occur before right country folks have to receive our comfort (if we action is taken? We have not yet become the have any) from communion with God and medi- Church Triumphant therefore we should continue tation upon His Holy Word. to be the Church Militant. Perhaps if we were more militant the nations would be less militant. Christ told his disciples to preach, teach and "Without vision the people perish." heal the Jews first, that is, among his own people. What a Christ-like thing it would be for young The rural community is handicapped because doctors from our S~ate universities to serve their the people are so far apart, and it is so hard to own first. Older physicians well established in hold meetings, yet telephones could be put to large towns, find it nearly impossible to drive out better use than they sometimes are. We fail to into the coufitry to attend the sick. The price of utilize the advantages we have at hand. The such service is almost prohibitive, quite so to many Grange, the Home Demonstration Groups, the families. This is one of my pet "visions": that Four-H Clubs, and Ladies' Aid ought to be more townships should vote in the next meeting a sum helpful in religious and civic matters than they large enough to secure the residence of a doctor are at present. and a nurse. With these two on call, the health and happiness of our country people would be There are many, many people suffering agony, greatly improved. hopeless and helpless, hidden away on isolated farms. Oh, how country people need Jesus Christ He hath showed thee, 0 man, what is good; and what to sustain and comfort when illness or tragedy doth the Lord require of thee, but to do justly, and to love enters the home! Many a time my heart has been mercy, and to walk humbly with thy God. wrung by the sorrows that rural neighbors have had to bear alone-alone so far as human help is *** concerned. Everybody has all he can do. No time to call on the sick. If death comes, funerals The Lord our God is one Lord; and thou shalt love the are largely attended, but in the days following lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and while going about the routine of work, there is with all thy mind, and with all thy strength; this is the little to lift the gloom from the mourner's heart. first commandment; and the second is like, namely this: Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these.

The Country Pastor's Job By the REV. MARK RICH, Ithaca, New York I Field Representative of the Rural Institute fit- for Religious Workers D URING the past generation the country pas- The rural pastor has a tremendously significant torate has not been looked upon as a field job. His first task is that of a messenger of good for very fruitful service; country pulpits will. This follows the example of our Master as have often been used as a stepping stone to so- He walked in Galilee, teaching humble folk in called positions of wider influence in the cities. country places. The rural pastor is a herald of Neither seminary, training school, nor denomina- brotherhood and unity, not a promoter of divitional administrators have usually considered sions and discord. This needs to be emphasized town and country fields of first importance. City because it is possible that churches and pastors life has been exalted, rural life discounted, and may stir up a spirit of ill-will. Consider two inthe country church thought to be second rate in stances: comparison to the city pulpit. Not long ago two women from a struggling open As a result of this attitude surveys, field studies country church came asking help. Four miles and casual observations point to one appalling fact from their church lay a little village of seven hun- -the rapid decline of the country church. But dred inhabitants cradled in a lovely valley. There the situation is far from hopeless. There are are four churches there, each served by a minmany signs of awakening interest and of a new ister, three of whom are resident. appreciation of the task of the country minister. "Why do you not share pastors with the

THE COUNTRY PASTOR'S JOB

churches in this village?" I asked. "They can help the people of all faiths, especially during the you more than anyone else." terror of the Revolution when he was the only "Why," retorted one woman, "the churches in pastor to remain in the valley, that a new bond the village are so busy quarreling among them- of brotherhood was established. An English vis- selves that they have no time for us." itor noticed that on the communion plate in Ober- An outstanding agricultural leader, a layman lin's church were wafers, leavened and unleavened of staunch Christian character, one day spoke out bread which were taken by Catholics, Lutherans of deep conviction regarding two churches in a or Calvinists according to their conviction. Good- village. will in the enobled valley was one of the finest "It's all a man's reputation is worth," he said, among all the worthy contributions of this man.

"to become affiliated with one of the churches." So it is with every rural pastor, who draws men A cannon which stands on the village green sep- into a common brotherhood in Christ. This is the arating the churches is symbolic of the iII-will unique job of the rural minister.

they stir up in the hearts of some people. Merely to have one church in a village, instead Unfortunately these are not isolated instances. of four, does not insure spiritual vitality and right Such results come from too many competitive relationships among the people. But, it has been country churches. They are so involved in the proved that the active promotion of unity is a way things which keep them apart that they have no to keep right relationships.

time for the main business of reaching people with A country pastor has also the opportunity of the Gospel. That is the malady which is afflicting interpreting spiritual reality to people who live hundreds of American churches. In seeking to on the land. The church is an agency for the ex- save themselves they are not only losing their pression and transmission of spiritual truth. Jesus lives but failing to save the community. A pastor taught truth about God, about the right relation or a church which promotes discord is not of of man to man, and of man to God, in ways that Christ. were understandable to his hearers. Sometimes At its best the Christian church brings God's one wonders how people>ever came to think that message of goodwill and unity. A lover of rural preaching an involved theology is the way to build life and an ardent church worker recently bore a church. Theology ought not be removed from testimony to this fact when she said to a large life, but a large proportion of sermons, both con- gathering of her fellow church members: "This servative and progressive, are far removed from parish has made it possible for us to call one an- the interests and understanding of the hearers.

other friends." The country preacher, following his Master, Not many months ago I visited a saintly aged ought to explain the eternal truths in terms which minister in a tiny hamlet. Once two churches, are comprehensible. For this task, he will find decadent and hopeless, served the farmers of the much material in the everyday life of country narrow valley. His first entrance into the com- people. But to understand these things the min- munity was welcomed by members of one church ister himself must be rooted in the soil. A num- only. The others were indifferent, or hostile. One ber of prominent rural church leaders and mis- woman vowed that no minister of the other de- sionaries are saying that no missionary should go nomination would ever darken the doorstep of to the foreign field and no pastor to a rural church her house. Some would not even attend a funeral without an agricultural college background. How service held in the other church. far much of our preparation has missed the mark!

Later the woman repented and the minister was A rural minister should know something about invited into her home for Sunday dinner. Now the work in which his people are engaged. In a the two congregations are worshipping together dairy region he could at least know the difference in happy fellowship. Why this change? Simply between a Holstein and a Guernsey cow and be because the pastor has the spirit of Christ in his conversant with some of the basic problems facing heart. He would not stoop to littleness, to bicker- the dairy industry. He ought to thrill at the sight ings or ill-will. He represents the attitude and of an elm tree, appreciate flowers, the glories of task of the truly Christian minister. rural life. He must be one who understands.

An Ideal Country Pastor If the rural pastor finds spiritual reality in the country he can help interpret it to the people, and John Frederick Oberlin, perhaps more than any will find receptive hearts. Many a farmer finds a other represents the ideal country pastor. Trained deep abiding joy in his work. Of this he may be to a doctor's degree at the University of Strass- but half conscious and one of the jobs of the pastor burg, he gave himself for nigh 60 years to the is to help him develop this appreciation.

needy people of the Valley of Stone in the isolated Perhaps the least part of a country minister's Vosges mountains. Like his Master he went about task is the pulpit. The ministry of John Fred- doing good. Oberlin had so endeared himself to erick Oberlin did not consist in oracular announce-

ments. After his sermon he might implore his conventions. Some recognition is craved by every people to build a road, to clean up their houses or man, including the rural minister, but he will to plant a tree in the name of God, but he never probably have to do with less than do some others. ended with that. On Monday he took his pick and shovel and set the example in building roads or in But the rewards outnumber the disadvantages. planting trees. To get rid of disease or to build a An alert and consecrated rural minister can have the satisfaction of doing a creative piece of work. YOUNG PEOPLE'S RURAL WEEK-END CONFERENCE IN The rural church is today in a condition of flux. GROTON COMMUNITY PARISH-SIX CHURCHES OF THREE Old forms are being sloughed off and new forms are emerging. He who builds today is setting the DElNOMINATIONS ARE COOPERATING IN THIS patterns for the future and the pioneer does not LARGER PARISH ask for monetary rewards. He is happy to blaze the trail on which future generations will travel. school and provide a consecrated teacher was quite The rural minister can have that satisfaction as much a ministry in the name of Jesus Christ today. as was preaching. Another reward arises out of the fundamental There is much to make a man's heart bleed as importance of work in the country. The 1930 he observes the rural scene in America today. census reveals the fact that the rural population One finds much poverty, underprivileged children, is still the source of population supply for Amerhosts of families untouched by any church and no ica. The farm population is producing fifty per man's lands abandoned by one denomination after cent more children than are necessary to maintain another. And the sturdy farmers, whose families the population level in the country. Today's rural will inherit the prosperous fields, need a faith and minority is tomorrow's overwhelming majority. hope that will make the citizenship of the coun- Boys and girls trained in the country not only tryside spiritually clearsighted. make the country life of the next generation but exert a profound influence on city life for good or Dr. Kagawa of Japan says there are three prin- ill. The country pastor who is farsighted sees ciples to be observed by the farmer: (1) he should that he is moulding national life for good at its love the soil, (2) he should love his neighbor, and very source. Other men must build with the (3) he should love God. In these three principles timber he seasons. lie the secret of good living on the farm. Helping people to practice these things sums up the task The country minister also finds deep satisfacof the rural minister. The farmer who finds these tion in the relationships of rural life. He knows has found the abundant life. members of "his flock" by name. They belong to What can the pastor who gives his life to the him and he to them. When a man remains in a shepherding of his rural flock expect in the way community over a period of years he comes to have of reward? It is certain that he cannot expect a wide influence which compares with that of the large financial returns. A salary of two thousand larger city parishes. The rural minister can find dollars and parsonage is munificent in the coun- deep satisfaction in the rural way of life. The try, but even that is small compared with the head of a great farmer's cooperative recently said emoluments that the larger city churches shower that farming was about the only occupation in upon their ministers. No, the rural pastor cannot which a man can retain his spiritual freedom. If expect luxurious comfort. this be true, the conscientious rural minister is pursuing a calling in which he can find spiritual Nor is the rural pastor likely to win as much values. After all, a man's influence arises out of renown as do some of his urban brethren. He can- what he is rather than what he does. A rural not expect to have his voice speak from the pages pastor, in a particular way, can be a follower of of the metropolitan dailies nor to take prominent Jesus Christ who went about country ways revealpositions on the platform of his denominational ing the love of God by doing good.

Happily, there are some evidences that the tide is turning. Some are saying that if America is to be saved she must be saved through her rural people and if the city church of the future is to be strong she will gain her vigor through the li~e blood flowing from the country. Believing that, the country pastor has the opportunity of mold- ing the spiritual life of the nation.

Solution – The Larger

By ELLSWORTH M. SMITH, New York Field Representative of the Town and Country Department, American Baptist Home Mission Society RURAL churches in America are going out of limited to business, politics and recreation. Here business at a rate estimated by some as high we have most of the causes of death. as one thousand per year. When one real- Usually these churches represent two or more izes the importance of rural Christianity, not only denominations. The lines have been sharply to the people of the countryside but to the nation drawn and, though there is toleration and a cer- as a whole, when one remembers that usually half tain amount of polite gesturing, there is no help- the workers of a city church received their initial ful cooperation.

religious impulse in the church of the crossroads, At this juncture leaders of the denominations this statement of death rate is tragic. involved go to the area and meet their church peo- Of course, some of these dying churches are not ple. They hear their statements of resigned hopeneeded. Some have ministered to racial or na- lessness. The denominational executives have tional groups that have shifted to other localities. been putting into these churches all the money Others have failed to adapt themselves to modern they could afford and no more is available, but needs and have been replaced. Still others have they have a suggestion to offer. Larger Parishes been in competing situations. An illustration of have done seeming miracles elsewhere, so they this last statement is the recent death of two , talk to the people about this new plan and find a churches in a village of three hundred fifty peo- considerable though wary response. The people ple, leaving an active total of five churches still would be willing to have another meeting to concarrying on! sider it, though they do not believe that anything Many churches that die are, however, desper- can be done. ately needed. Of this large group are those in the One of the denominational leaders gets in touch remote open countryside, localities from which with the others involved and together they agree the people will not onen go to the town or village, that for the perpetuation of their various interests for religious privileges. These breakdowns are a Larger Parish is perhaps the only solution. A due to a variety of causes, not the least of which mass meeting of the people of all the churches is are the disappearing of neighborhood conscious- called and at this meeting several things happen. ness in the open country, and the increasing difficulty of carrying the financial burden, particularly People of ,each community meet friends whom they have not seen for a long time. They realize where agriculture is not prosperous. Others of that. they are all in the same difficulty and this these churches have failed to meet needs and have not been replaced, or adapted. Other causes for gives them comfort. They listen to the counsel of their denominational leaders and see real posthe disappearance of needed churches have been inadequate leadership and a spiritual hopelessness sibilities. The descriptions of the things accom- plished in Larger Parishes rekindles enthusiasms. due to lack of vision. And lastly, some have died because of sheer loneliness. , Pamphlets are distributed. Sample constitutions show that denominational connections are main- To each of these needed, but dying churches, the tained intact and that each church has equal Larger Parish offers a partial and often the only representation and fair treatment. The very sight solution. of the leaders of different denominations on the What Is a Larger Parish? same platform, earnestly recommending this bold Consider a situation in which the churches of cooperative venture, creates a new spirit. A date an area of six near-by communities are ready to is set for another meeting to organize and adopt close their doors. Finances are down, the separate a constitution. communities have exhausted themselves in "going it alone"; the last ministers they have had have Discussions are held in each community and in been inadequate to save the situation; the finan- each church. The term "Larger Parish" is on cial resources of the area are not what they have everyone's tongue. Correspondence flows between been; fellowship betwpen the communities is these localities and state offices. In preparation for the organization meeting each church elects [305 ]

two delegates who shall become their representa- isters are their pastors. Regular staff meetings tives on the proposed Larger Parish Council. for reporting and planning are held each week, Finally the great day arrives and the entertain- with regular Council meetings each month. The ing church is crowded by representatives of the Council holds an annual meeting of the Parish several churches besides a number of people who to report to the people. The churches hold an- have not shown any interest in religion. Each nual meetings for their regular business and to church announces that it is ready to go ahead, the elect Council delegates, no one of whom may serve constitution is voted on section by section, and more than two consecutive terms of two years adopted with modifications. The names of the each.

representatives of the churches are announced Each church draws up a budget to cover local and an early date is set for their first meeting in expenses and after all these, budgets have been the home of one of the delegates. accepted by the Council, they are included in the How the Plan Works total Parish budget. This total includes the sal- aries of staff workers, their transportation allow- At the first meeting of the Council there is much ances, office costs, and other general items decided to be done. Delegates-at-Iarge are elected, also a by the Council.

chairman, vice-chairman, secretary and Parish Building a Program treasurer. The amount of money that can reason- ably be expected to be raised is agreed upon and The program of the Larger Parish is detera tentative budget is drawn up. A canvass of mined by the needs and interests of the cooperevery family in the area is placed in charge of a ating churches, of which each has a committee committee and another committee is appointed to made up of Council delegates, and all of the active find a staff of two ministers. leaders in the church and community. This puts Since the churches of the Larger Parish include the church in a position to build itself solidly into all in the area, everyone is asked to contribute, the entire life of the community and demonstrates whether a church member or not. Pledges are a community purpose without which the organiza- paid through local churches. When the returns . tions may find themselves at odds with one an- are in and it is known how much the denomina- other. The general committee meets with the en- tions will contribute, the total working budget is tire staff at frequent intervals to talk of commu- adopted. nity and church needs and to plan a program.

The Council finally votes to call two young men, The genius of the Larger Parish is that it visions and often this action is ratified by all the member a complete program which will serve all the needs of the people. The Council, with the staff, seeks churches, the calls are extended. The new staff workers become ex-officio mem- to coordinate the many projected activities into a bers of the Council and one of them is elected complete Parish program. Director. The program is discussed and a line Individuals subscribe to the total Parish work of action is adopted with schedules for meetings, through the churches in their own communities, including church worship, church school and and these contributions are sent by the local treasyoung people's meetings, on a regular basis in urer to the Parish treasurer, who pays all bills each community, no community having more than on the O. K. of the Council chairman. Even the one set of services. The abilities and interests of missionary funds may be handled this way, keepthe two ministers are taken into consideration and ing all the records in' separate books but in one each minister accepts responsibility for certain office.

types of activities. The Director of the staff may The Larger Parish puts a strong emphasis on be responsible for planning the worship and young people's work to meet the local needs and preaching program, the pastoral calling and men's interests of separate groups. The program of work, while the second man may be director of each society may be distinct, but there is set up a young people's work, recreation and the Christian Young People's Senate which meets at regular in- education program. The Director of the staff is tervals with the director of young people's work.

held directly responsible for the general carrying The entire league of societies holds occasional out of the entire program. The two members of joint socials and inspirational programs.

the staff share in the particular work of each, Each church school has its own organization, though each man plans the program in his de- but the superintendents and active workers meet partment and endeavors to see it through to a together in a Central Committee on Christian satisfactory completion. Education, to discuss the administration of the The staff members live in the same community schools and to direct a program of leadership in order that they may confer daily and may avoid training for the entire parish.

the danger of sections feeling that particular min- The staff Director is the editor of the weekly

ONE SOLUTION – THE LARGER PARISH

Parish Calendar, which lists news of all the special financial arrangements with doctors, the churches and their announcements, and is distrib- hospital and for higher education for promising uted in the services. A monthly Parish news let- young people; a yearly survey of the area with ter is distributed by mail or through young people Christmas calls by the entire staff at every home to every home in the area, regardless of church (this usually requires a month!); AND THROUGH memberships. The young people's league edits ALL OF THIS PROGRAM-IN PREACHING, TEACHING, and publishes a mimeographed booklet at inter- CONVERSATION AND EXPRESSION – A CONSTANT vals to promote fellowship, and finances it through DEMONSTRATION OF THE MEANING OF THE SPIRIT small charges made at joint socials. There are OF CHRIST IN ALL OF LIFE!

contributing' editors from each society and young Now that this Parish has been organized and people serve as mimeograph stencil cutters, crank running for several years, what are the results?

turners, "printer's devils" and delivery boys. Not only has church membership doubled, mis- The program of the Larger Parish develops as sionary giving increased fourfold, church schools fast as local leaders can be found and trained. filled to capacity, nearly every young person a Over a period of years the projects worked out in- clude an amazing variety of things. A list of these activities will prove quite convincing: church worship and preaching, church schools, young people's meetings and week-day religious educa- tion every week; pastoral service reaching every- one in the area and with special attention to the aged, the shut-in, and those who are ill or have special problems; organized church school classes with outside activities for all ages; young peo- ple's socials, community socials, men's clubs, boys'

clubs, girls' clubs, 4-H clubs, Boy Scouts, Friendly Indians; basketball, baseball, volley-ball and bowling teams; banquets for classes, Mothers and Daughters, Fathers and Sons and the young peo- ple's league; book clubs, music clubs, dramatic clubs and many other kinds of hobby and special interest groups; camps, conferences and leader- The Trego Larger Parish-Wisconsin ship training schools; junior choirs singing weekly in their own churches and on special oc- This map, from "The Larger Parish Plan," by Malcolm Dana, casions as a joint junior choir; an adult choir, shows the district inclnded around Trego, Wisconsin. Five weak special musical programs and vespers; pageants churches united to. pool their resources and to join in a program to serve the whole community in the name and spirit of Jesus Ghrist. Kingdom interest took the place of denGminational interests of a religious nature and several plays; commu- nity clubs for the adults and young people; the church member, finances adequate and steady observance of special days, such as Thanksgiving, even during the depression, but the Christian Christmas, Good Friday, Easter, "Religious Edu- religion has become the big thing in the life of cation Days," Rural Life Sunday, etc.; outdoor the community and individual and social redemp- services for the churches and particularly for the tion has become a glowing reality. To bring young people's societies; an Easter Sunrise serv- all of this wholesome activity and spiritual direc- ice; missionary societies and church aid societies; tion in a steady continuing church program out of church suppers; a special Lenten program in- the desperation and hopelessness of the previous cluding a series of evangelistic meetings in each situation has been the accomplishment of a de- church, church membership classes for all ages, voted, courageous and kindly group of average and special calling for church members; Holy Christians working through a type of organiza- Week services; sex education and marriage coun- tion known as The Larger Parish. There are selling; vocational guidance and testing; coop- many variations of the plan, variations in name, eration with the schools, the public health service, in number of churches and in number of staff service clubs, Y. M. C. A., Y. W. C. A., and workers, but the above description is in all essen- Grange; participation in all the denominational tialparticulars, the story of a particular Larger activities, materials and promotional programs; Parish, its life history to date.

A Church of the

By the REV. COE HAYNE, New York –tEl Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, American Baptist Home Mission Society T HE church at M-, New York, is in the open the paneling and the lady of the parsonage was country. Not more than ten houses are head varnisher. The cost totalled a sum far less within half a mile of the knoll upon which than the estimated cost of $600 had the job been stands the beautiful old edifice with its towering done by a contractor. spire and colonial fa~ade. From the hills and valleys beyond come the people to worship. Since Some of the men thought that a quick and effi- 1803 this Baptist church organization has had a cient way to improve the appearance of the woodcontinuous existence. During one hundred and work was to spread thereon a liberal coat of paint. thirty-four years the Gospel has had a witness in Not so thought the women. Beautifully grained this countryside by reason of the Christian loyal- wood, worth a fortune, to be smeared over with ties of successive generations of farmer folk. paint! The men today are glad they had not their way. The lady of the parsonage on scaffold and When Pastor Peterson came to Martindale De- stepladder worked day after day with a small pot ten years ago, one of his first activities was to brush and an oak stain to obliterate the scars on survey the field. He found ninety-one houses the woodwork before the varnish was applied. within the legitimate limits of his parish. In these All are pleased with the job.

houses lived 270 people. The next nearest church The countryside has beauty. Why not promote was located four miles away. An acquaintance beauty in the sanctuary of a church of the counwith every person, whether Jew, Catholic or Prot- tryside. Cleanliness, quiet tastefulness in decoraestant, or nonreligionist, living in these houses, tion, sunshine, good cheer-all these blessings are became the pastor's pleasant duty. His kindly, possible in the house of worship, all are especially neighborly attitude became proverbial in the desirable for people who enter the sanctuary dicountryside. The people looked to him as their rectly from a world of outdoor beauty. pastor and friend. True sympathy was the golden commodity this rural-minded minister had in his Something happened to the people when their possession to dispense to those who sought his church was made beautiful. It had been the fellowship. In their joys or sorrows he loved custom to hold all social activities, such as plays, them. During one year a couple, deprived of a dinners, festivals and sales in the sanctuary. This fourteen-year-old boy who had been killed by a one room was the only place for such gatherings. truck, received many messages from Pastor Peter- The pastor and the lady of the parsonage were son, and interviewed with him to help them recon- glad to find many in .the church who had a feeling struct life anew. that the sanctuary ought to be preserved for wor- There was much to be done to make the old ship services. church attractive. The shabby walls of the sanc- Any record of the doings in this parish during tuary did not at all assist in creating a worshipful attitude. The plaster had been falling from the the past ten years would be incomplete without ceiling and it was evident that the new pastor mention of the help that has been given to the stood in danger literally of being bombarded out pastor by his wife and daughter. During an illof his pUlpit unless something was done about it. ness of her husband she was constant in her visits Estimates for installing a metal ceiling were se- in homes and at the meetings of the women and as a teacher in the Sunday school. The "parish in cured and it was thought that the proposed cost automobile" owned by and maintained by the pas- was within reach of the people. The Ladies' Aid tor and constant use for parish work is driven Society assumed the responsibility of decorating by the lady of the parsonage. The daughter has the walls and revarnishing pews and woodwork, been a leader in the young people's movements in recovering the cushions and putting up new the county.

shades. The women used the scaffolding erected On September 29, 1930, Pastor Peterson felt by the workmen who put on the metal ceiling. impressed to pray as follows: "Dear Lord, I ask The president of the Ladies' Aid Society designed Thee for a building in connection with the church.

[308 ]

COOPERATION IN A RURAL COMMUNITY

equal to the need for such a building to take care telephone freely to send out messages. He has of the social life of this community for which this memorized hundreds of Bible verses which he church is responsible in Thy sight!" The pastor finds are a help at every turn in his work. Four claimed the promise of our Lord as recorded in years ago he expressed his Christian faith in the Mark 11: 24, "Therefore I say unto you, what following: things soever ye desire, when ye pray, believe that ye receive them, and ye shall receive them." o Jesus Christ, my precious Lord, By the following spring the people were ready O'er all the earth be Thou adored. to build. The old sheds were taken down and a For Thy great love, so full and free, fine social hall erected at a cost of about $2,400. Is sweeter far than life to me.

All community gatherings of a helpful nature This verse was printed in a county weekly newsmay be held in this commodious building, but the paper and the next week a poem of three verses character of all gatherings is determined by the was accepted for publication. The editor asked church. Among the activities made possible are the pastor to furnish more of these Christian monthly community birthday socials. Those who poems and as a result they have appeared every have had or will have birthdays during any cur- week during the four years. At present eight rent month, sit at a special table. This draws other country newspapers print his poems. This people who are not connected with the church. service, "unto Him," has widened immeasurably his ministry and some of his verses have been set It has been the practice of the pastor to use the to music.

Cooperation in a Rural Community By the REV. EDWARD D. HAMNER, Oakwood, Texas Pastor of Blackfoot, Montalba, Oakwood, Slocum and Tennessee Colony Rural Christian Churches SMALL town boosters like to advertise the is not merely a theory, but a supreme necessity multiplicity of their institutions. Some think for rural America. it an honor to have many churches. Yet in most small towns and country communities, the The average rural community, capable of supfewer the churches the better for the community, porting one church with a vital Christian profor few rural communities are so populous that gram, is keeping up a skeleton existence for two one church would not be far better than two or or more churches, none of which are doing much more competing churches. A vast majority of except through a "weakly" Sunday school and rural churches are in communities where there part-time preaching. The cooperation between are other churches and few are without competi- these churches will depend in part upon their re- spective polities. Little is possible between tion. churches when each insists that it has the only An efficient rural church must operate with two true doctrine "once and for all delivered unto the saints." Between churches with broader views factors in its favor: a limited area, and adequate but loyal to Christ and recognizing their own numbers. The limited area is necessary because limitations and imperfections, a large measure of of the many who, at least under present condi- cooperation and ultimate unity is possible. The tions, have no way to go long distances to the nature of cooperation will depend upon why we church services. The factor of adequate numbers cooperate. is necessary in order that efficiency may be maintained and the program supported. Doctrines differ as to the form of baptism, the use of ritual and instrumental music, the rules of With a divided church – that is, where two or membership and form of government. Many and more denominations attempt to minister in the varied are our differences of faith and practice, same area, the result will be either limited num- yet, fundamentally, bers, when the constituency is divided among the competing groups; or, if sufficient numbers are Our fears, our hopes, our aims are one, maintained, the area will have to be so widened Our comforts and our cares. that inefficiency results. And so, Christian unity

It is because of "the tie that binds our hearts in pursued, yet not forsaken; smitten down, yet not Christian love" that we seek "the fellowship of destroyed. " kindred minds." We cooperate because of common aims, and hopes, and despite those things Though it is because of a careless habit that we which divide. Some have assumed that coopera- often omit the third verse of many hymns, we tion is impossible between people who believe dif- ought to omit the third verse of "Onward Chrisferently; others have shown that even those with tian Soldiers" until the harmony of our efforts extremely different views of the Bible and of some makes it possible for us to sing honestly Christian doctrines may have happy and profitable fellowship. People with different tastes eat We are not divided; at the same table, those with varying ideas of All one body we, style buy from the same shops, and members of the same family like different types of cars – so One in hope and doctrine, there is no need for us to despair because of dif- One in charity. fering ideas and tastes as to worship, organization, and doctrines. Christians may love each What Unity Is Possible? other, and work and have fellowship together despite these differences. If all of life were cut to With this spirit and this goal, what cooperation the same pattern it would be drab indeed. Is not is possible, and what unity is desirable between this true of Christianity? churches in a rural community?

Not merely because of common interests and Some steps must be taken before others are loyalty do we cooperate; but because our ultimate possible. Efforts to unite the churches of a comaim is not mere cooperation, but unity. Our co- munity when no cooperative spirit has been deoperation is the first step toward a closer rela- veloped would be worse than useless. There tionship. It is to our shame that the Church must be simple beginnings-forward steps-first of Christ is so divided. The Apostle Paul wrote: achievements, before real unity is possible. "Now abideth faith, hope, love, these three; and the greatest of these is love." But we have made In communities where summer finds many peoarticles of faith so great that they have divided ple away on vacations and evening services slump, us, and have even caused some professed followers churches have found it advantageous to hold union of Christ to hate each other, and to contend one Sunday night services. In one village of less than with another, instead of loving each other. Why 1,000 population the pastors of the six -churches cannot faith, hope, and love operate together? (think of it!) worked out a plan whereby each A vigorous and healthy Christian love need not pastor preached two Sunday nights during the diminish faith. three summer months, each preacher in the pulpit of another church than his own. Attendance was Our Lord prayed ". . . that they all may be better than the combined attendance would have one . . . that the world may believe. . . ." If been if each church had held its own services, and our ultimate aim is to bring about the unity for there was the added advantage of fellowship towhich He prayed; our cooperation should be such gether, and the inspiration of numbers. Union as will contribute to this end. fifth Sunday night meetings, and the exchange of pulpits, have similar values. The rural church is less able to survive denominational competition than the urban church be- Union revival meetings prove helpful if propcause of the two factors-distances and numbers. erly conducted. Especially where money is scarce Moreover, competition is destructive; it breeds a home-force meeting, with the pastors of the coan ugly spirit among neighbors, and like scattered operating churches alternating in the pulpit, has fire it accomplishes far less than united effort. proved satisfactory. . When an outside preacher is brought in, he must be very carefully selected, Cooperation ought not to be the pseudo-friendly as an evidence of even slight sectarian bias will gestures of hostile groups, sparring for advan- react adversely. A charitable spirit shown by all tage, but should be marked by honest efforts to parties is essential to the success of such ventures. come closer together, and to accomplish together For example, in one village union meetings were what we cannot do, or cannot do well, apart. Nor abandoned after a near conflict between two local should we become discouraged if plans go awry, preachers when one of them insisted, perhaps in if others show a less cooperative spirit than we fun, in calling the other's church by a disliked desire, or if plans occasionally back-fire. In the nickname. A spirit of love is essential in Chriswar against the world, the flesh, and the devil, the tian coope_ration. church of Christ may lose some battles, but it is not defeated. "Weare pressed on every side, yet The churches of rural communities often coopnot straitened; perplexed, yet not unto despair; erate in "singings" and in taking a religious census. In one community three churches are working together on the "Lord's Acre" plan of finance. Each church has a committee of three members to operate for that church, and the three committees together form a community committee

to create wider interest in the plan. This com- churches represented have separate organizations munity, needing a community hall for social gath- which work as circles, and alternate in presenting erings, banquets, boys' and girls' work, and clubs, united programs. Each group supports its own hopes that its Lord's Acre projects will provide denominational work.

such a building. Nearly one hundred years ago, pioneers from Among the most practical Christian work which Tennessee settled in a rural area of Texas and can be done by the churches of a rural community built a school and church building. There have are cooperative efforts to rid the community of been organizations here from time to time of at liquor, campaigns against vice or corrupt govern- least five different denominations, but always the ment, and community-wide go-to-church cam- people have cooperated at least to the extent of paigns. Rural churches may also unite in local having a common church building. At present charity work, the doing of which is, after all, as there is a union church building, with union Sun- much a cardinal Christian virtue as a govern- day school, union young people's society, and fed- mental responsibility. erated woman's missionary society, but with two Benefits of Cooperation church organizations, each maintaining its own part-time pastor. The church property is main- Such cooperation as we have suggested will de- tained by a joint fund consisting of five per cent velop a spirit which will in time make possible of the income of each of the two churches. An- even closer relationship. Opposition to coopera- other union church cares for its building main- tive efforts will often come from people who are strongly sectarian and when actual union takes place there is almost sure to be some disagree- ment. Wisdom, tact, careful planning, and above all the spirit of Christian love under all circum- stances are needed to produce harmony. Opposi- tion should not be ruthlessly brushed aside, or disdainfully ignored, but should be melted with the warmth of Christian love. We "can do all things through Christ who strengthens us."

Union Sunday schools can be maintained in many rural communities. In one community, the union Sunday school died when a narrow-minded minister set out to oust all teachers not of his A CROWDED COMMUNITY CH UR CH , ANDERSON particular sect. After several years another min- CITY, TEXAS ister of the same denomination, but with broader tenance through the treasury of the union Sunday sympathies, made progress by preaching Chris- school; and with special calls for funds for intian unity and inviting people of the other surance, paint, and other additional expenses. churches in the area to share in the teaching work. An agreement may be reached not to argue The ultimate goal of every rural community over points of doctrine on which the churches should be to have one church, adequately serving differ. all the community. Community churches of vari- ous types are proving a success. When any unity Young people, not having sectarian loyalities of seems possible, that type should be chosen which long standing, work well together. The union seems most appropriate for the particular comyoung people's society, whether strictly nonsec- munity such as the federated church, the denomtarian or a denominational society for aU the inational community church, or the nondenominayoung people of the community, has been a pioneer tional community church. Whatever the form of in Christian cooperation and unity. In one com- unity, the success of such united groups will demunity the older young people have a Christian pend much upon the wisdom and the Christian Endeavor Society in one church, while the young- spirit of its leadership. er ones have a B. Y. P. U. in another church. A fine spirit was evinced in the omission of a pro- Christianity is like a wheel. Christ is the hub; gram in the quarterly which the other churches the denominations are the spokes. The closer we did not accept. Another union young people's so- are to Christ, the closer we are to one another, and ciety uses the literature of one denomination for people who have the spirit of Christ can work tosix months, then changes to that of another for gether in harmony, even though many of their an equal period. ideas differ.

A federated woman's missionary society has "Behold, how good and how pleasant it is for been organized in one rural community. The two brethren to dwell together in unity."

Ministry of the Rural

By JOHN C. KILLIAN, D.D., Philadelphia -.~ Secretary, Colporter Department, American Baptist Publication Society D URING the last twenty years stupendous filled with Bibles, books, and tracts. The story changes have come to rural life. Millions of Christ was shared with those he met by the of people have moved to the city; thou- roadside, and those he visited in the homes. The sands of farms have been abandoned. The farm Bible was a strong force in recognizing God on enterprise has become dependent upon world the frontier. Many strong Sunday schools and markets which in turn has introduced a new churches today date back to that early visit of the struggle in economic security for rural dwellers. colporter. Following this the Chapel Car was In areas which the colporter-missionary serves, launched, with a church and parsonage combined.

the problems have become greatly intensified. Thus the missionary and his wife were able to There is an austere poverty among many rural reach the people more effectively in the new and people, and because of the long years of independ- growing towns along the railroads.

ence this sturdy stock has greater hesitancy to ap- Horse and wagon were needed to extend the ply for welfare relief even when that is available. services to groups settling in areas far from the Year after year of crop failure and dust storms railroads. With the passing years this equipment have dimmed their hopes and left upon their faces has changed, to Chapel Autos and now to the the seared scars of dreams for better days. They latest model of automobiles, where the mission- have been driven backward in the vain attempt to ary can speed across the barriers of desert and mask a keen sense of inferiority. The barrier of sagebrush to some home or outstation seventy or isolation has been widened between them and the perhaps a hundred and fifty miles away from his people of the distant town with whom they base. This modern car can often be seen parked mingled previously. In these sections, off the by a small cabin, or perhaps in the midst of a beaten highway, one can see the old cars which cluster of homes squatted irregularly upon the have been jacked up and unused for three and dusty sands, or in front of a schoolhouse. The four years, waiting in hope that the next crop will latest venture in equipment is a modern all-steel enable them to secure the needed license. In one trailer.

section I saw seventeen cars owned by farmers, Today colporter work is varied, though it re- but fifteen of them had been upon blocks for sev- tains some of the earlier methods. The great need eral years. now is to give support and encouragement to The change in the rural church is pathetically those organizations and to develop native leader- parallel. The inability of a small, decreasing ship through preaching and Christian education.

rural group to maintain the church as formerly During the years of financial depression, nine- has meant, in many instances, a lower standard of teen churches in areas of need in one state alone leadership or closing the church altogether. The would have been closed, but for the work of these great vast area of western prairie and desert, as colporters. Because of the new comity policy of well as rural sections in some eastern states turn some larger denominations many of these to the mission boards for help. To our shame be churches now serve the entire community and the it said, that when this group of Americans need missionary ministers to all groups. In drought- encouragement, our response is so inadequate. stricken areas where more than two-thirds of the Yet, those who have ministered in these fields have church members are on relief, and they were un- labored heroically and have reaped a hundred fold able to keep a pastor the worker has been a great harvest. blessing. .

In the early days of colportage a hundred years In another field the missionary worked in the ago,* the missionary traveled about on foot carry- areas surrounding the town. Outstations were ing his handbags suspended around the neck, formed and members were lined up with the town church, which could not have kept their own pas- t or WI't ht the al'd f th ese newly 'Interested • The work of the Colporter-Missionary Department of the eAm1HeZr2- groups. OU ican Baptist publication Society was started in 1840. (Sinc 0 this work has been done In cooperation with the American Baptist Home Mission Society.) [312 ] THESE AMERICAN CHILDREN HAVEl NEVER BEEN REACHED BY CHURCH OR SUNDAY SCHOOL In one fine community strong factions had de- ing had dawned when the last of the revelers veloped, weakening the church almost to the point drove away noisily; then a strange stillness preof death. The last group holding the fort were vailed. A few hours later I met with a group of unable to support a pastor and the others were about fifty people who had gathered for worship. quite unwilling to cooperate. The State Secretary Repeatedly they expressed their gratitude for the offered to send a colporter-missionary acceptable missionary that had come to them, for now they to all when they agreed. The result reads like had new courage and felt that they would be able a miracle. Disaffected groups gradually returned, to contend against the forces of evil and to rear and in less than one year the fine church was their children in the fear of God. again self-supporting and reaching out into needy areas. The blessing of a live church is that it Picture another town nestling on the edge of a transforms the community. One of the business drab desert waste of sagebrush and cactus. But men of a town where the missionary served, the town is not drab. It is a blooming oasis. Here writes: the missionary's wife was a great lover of flowers. Her first attack against the unloveliness of the You have made {)ur community a better place in which town was made on an old dump heap on the corner to live, you have helped to make our neighbors and, in near the parsonage. A transformation followed fact, our customers, better people with whom to deal. and it became a veritable old English garden with tall delphinium, fox glove and Canterbury bells. In another town the Superintendent of Schools Then the town began to change. A new day has states: come to the church which has grown steadily in strength and membership. The story is well told I have observed a marked transition ·from the early in aletter: Western-town ideas of drinking, gambling, and unc{)uth society toward intellectual refinement and Christian ideals, How grateful we are to have had your colporter and and an outlawry of the former evils. his wife here these years! Their home and the church are the center of all that is worth while in the village and Recently I stopped on Saturday night in a for many miles around. Each summer when I have rewestern town on the edge of the desert where a turned to the valley and noted the steady change for the new man had been sent to reopen the church. better in people's personal appearance, and in their poor That night the town was all astir. Ranchers had little door-yards, I have been astounded. come miles to attend the opening of another saloon. The town was literally ablaze with gam- These phases of the colporter work give a bling dens and saloons, twenty of which could he glimpse of the well-rounded and effective procounted from the hotel window. Sabbath morn- gram. While the form of missionary service may

have changed through the years, and while the men to any religious approach made his work alservices needed now in a community more often most impossible. His efforts met with continued pertain more to the reviving and reorganization failure to win the men. One day he chanced to of Sunday schools and churches, the work of the enter the cookhouse, and noticed that the cook was colporter-missionary still remains a distinct effort very angry, and stormed out that his assistant had to reach the isolated and to carry the message of deserted. If the men did not have their hot-cakes Jesus Christ into the home through house-to-house they would be angry. The missionary said, "Give visitation. Isolation and poverty have built bar- me a start, plenty of batter, and two griddles, and riers to fellowship with other Christians. It is a I will help you out." When the men heard that great joy to ride over the dreary wastes and then the "Sky Pilot" was going to cook the breakfast, come unexpectedly upon a new cabin home and they chuckled, but they ate until it hurt. He kept discover that some folks are disciples of the Great them supplied and won the hearts of those men Galilean. so that the workwas made easy.

One worker tells of a place where a few homes Another worker, in ministering to the suffering, were clustered among the hills of Wyoming. In changed the front seat of his car so that it could the stillness of the evening he heard the sound of be turned back and made into an ambulance. He an organ, and a voice singing the old familiar writes: "I have carried the sick one hundred miles hymn, "Nearer My God to Thee." He discovered to a hospital, and have taken the dead to a a woman of about seventy years of age, seated at morgue. I have laid back the top, placing the an old organ. Over fifty years ago she had moved casket across the body of the car, and driven A MODE,RN ALL-STEEL TRAILER THAT CARRIES THE GOSHIDL TO OUT-OF-THE-WAY PLACES from Ohio to the far west and for years had driven many, many miles to the cemetery. In these days an old lumber wagon more than ten miles each of drought, depression, and grasshoppers, I have Sunday to play the organ for the Sunday school been able to serve in this way."

in the little log schoolhouse. During the last three In the rural sections the missionary comes to years the services in the schoolhouse had been dis- the people as the voice from the world outside.

continued, except when a visiting preacher passed One writes, "I called at a ranch where the people through, but this woman had kept up the Bible had lived for twenty-six years, but I was the first school. preacher who had ever entered their home. In To become identified with the people one must another ranch, they told me that I was the first truly become "all things to all men." One worker preacher who had called there, and they had lived found it helpful to study osteopathy and medicine, . on this large ranch for 16 years. They appre- so that he might relieve physical suffering. The ciated the visit so much that after dinner all the wide territory which he covered was without a men were called together and a service was held."

physician, and the people were generally too poor All the homes are neither along the back roads to go the long distance for medical aid. It was a nor cabins among the hills. Many ranches have joy to stop at some home where a severe headache dwellings that are models in every way. From had been working its ravages. upon an individual, one of the prosperous families a gift came to, the and with a slight adjustment, bring instant relief. worker with these words: "When we were poor He would often trek over the mountains to isolated and beginning life in the West, you were our cabins in the lone hours of the night when the call friend; now we are able, and we want to remem- came for help. ber your work."

One missionary who was sent to work in a log- In these days the missionaries are redoubling ging camp found that the cold indifference of the their efforts to identify themselves with the young

IMPORTANCE OF PIONEER SUNDAY SCHOOLS

people, great numbers of whom are in these rural stars they talked for another hour of the real areas. Many have missed the opportunity for verities of life, and there they yielded their hearts education. Others have gone off to a denomina- to Christ and resolved to follow His way. tional college for perhaps a year, and have been compelled to leave, with their dreams uncom- In one of my trips west, I visited a settlement pleted. Again, many have graduated from col- of Russian people, and attended a service with the lege, but have found no opportunity for work, and colporter, who mentioned the fact that during the have been compelled to return to the ranch home. last two years he had baptized twenty-one young To these young people, with their ideals in jeop- people. At the close of the service he asked those ardy, the colporter-missionary and his wife are a who had been baptized to come forward and stabilizing influence. twenty young people responded. A splendid group with great potentiality! In one of their homes, in One young missionary and his wife tell of a the absence of the mother, a child of twelve previsit to a home where there were three young peo- pared a most tempting meal for us, one that would ple who had great hopes. After they had dis- have been a credit to an experienced housewife. cussed things of common interest, the afternoon had worn away into evening, and the missionaries As objects on the western prairie are clearly started to leave. The young people followed them silhouetted against the sky, so the colporter-misand stood by the car, as though reluctant to sionary in his life of "ministering" seems to stand part with this voice which had awakened again a out in clear relief as a follower of Jesus Christ. great longing in their hearts. Under the prairie Like a golden thread running through all their work is their passion for the souls of men.

Importance of Pioneer Sunday Schools By JOHN M. SOMERNDIKE, New York Secretary for Sunday School Missions, Board of National Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

THE Sunday school has been characterized as their children should learn religion. More than they crave "the most flexible, adaptable and far-reach- the Gospel for themselves, they believe in it for their little ing institution ever designed for the conver- ones. It is frequently possible to enlist rough men who sion of the world." As an evangelizing agency its know no Scripture and profess no religion in the support effectiveness has been abundantly demonstrated of an active school for the children on Sunday, because of in the results achieved during the past fifty years the universal belief of all serious men in the necessity of by Sunday school missionaries. They have religious training for the young. adapted the Sunday school to the spiritual needs of unchurched rural communities and neighbor- One hundred and forty thousand children in hoods in a manner that has made it one of the nearly three thousand rural unchurched commumost potent factors in establishing Christian nities and villages are receiving Bible instruction standards of community and family life in new and training in Sunday schools which have been rural localities. They have also made the Sunday planted and fostered by Sunday school missionschool the pioneer of the church, and in hundreds aries. In almost every case, they represent the of places have blazed the way for the organized only Christian organization in the community, in church and the settled pastor. localities where churches cannot be maintained. They provide the means of character-training for A few years ago, the ·late Dr. Warren H. Wil- boys and girls who know no Christian minister son, whose leadership in matters pertaining to and who never have an opportunity to attend a rural church work was recognized by all evan- church service. But the great need is only pargelical denominations, paid this tribute to the ef- tially being met. More than four million children fectiveness of the rural Sunday school: of school age living in scattered villages and ham- lets on the western plains, who are receiving their The beginning of the reconstruction of a country place education in the "little red schoolhouse," are yet is often the founding of a Sunday school. The limitations unreached by any Christian teaching. Two and of Sunday school work are well known, and you will find one-half millions of Negro boys and girls living these limitations if you do Sunday school work; but it is on plantations or in sawmill and turpentine camps well to go ahead to the limit before you try another and children of the sharecroppers, poor and negmethod. Country people are religious. They ',believe that

lected, are similarly underprivileged so far as operation. Many community Sunday schools that spiritual advantages are concerned. In the "hol- are organized will never develop into churches, lows" of the southern mountains and in rude but the results of their work in shaping the lives cabins hidden away in the fastnesses of the "Great and characters of boys and girls after the pattern Smokies" tens of thousands of boys and girls are of Christ and preparing them for Christian citigrowing into manhood and womanhood without zenship more than justify the comparatively small any opportunity to come into an appreciation of expenditure of the missionary funds of the Church life at its best through the teaching of the Word for the support of this work. Out of these comof God and the principles of Christian living, munity Sunday schools have come young men and which is their rightful heritage. women who have dedicated their lives to service in the pastorate, in mission fields, and in other While the Christian forces of America are not forms of Christian activity both in our own and wholly to blame for these conditions, neither can in other lands. they disclaim the responsibility for their correction in an age that recognizes the importance and After three days of visiting homesteaders who significance of Christian child nurture. Science, were pioneering a new country in northern New education, and law are busily at work in formu- Mexico, the Sunday school missionary conducted lating ideals and programs, in creating public the first religious service ever held in that region. sentiment, and in promoting legislation for the Nearly one hundred people crowded into the little purpose of developing the children of this gen- log schoolhouse. The cold north wind whistled eration socially, morally, and physically. Shall through the cracks as the building had not been the Christian agencies of our nation be less zeal- "chinked"; neither was there a floor in it. About ous or less progressive than they in providing for half of the congregation sat on the ground as there the soul-culture of that portion of the nation's were not enough benches for all. There was not children who are denied their full heritage of an organized church within a hundred miles. He Christian knowledge and life through no fault of preached the first sermon that had ever been their own? preached in all of that country, At the close of the meeting, the group voted to organize a Sunday Recently a Sunday school missionary, report- schooL The work prospered, and the entire coming the development of a community Sunday munity cooperated in carrying forward its proschool in a pioneer settlement in Wyoming, wrote: gram. Several months later, responding to an in- vitation to conduct an all-day preaching service Someone wrote me recently and asked if this type of in this community, the Sunday school missionary pioneering work was as important now or as necessary as found himself at the close of the morning service it was in the earlier days of the settlement of the western surrounded by an earnest group of leaders in the plains. I answered by telling him the story of. our com- community pleading for the organization of a munity Sunday school at Poison Creek. These people are church. Within a few months they had the joy all homesteaders and most of the men work on the North- of being called together for the formal organizawestern Railroad in the summer but have no winter work. tion of their congregation and for the dedication They have from fifty to sixty in attendance every Sunday. of a little white frame church building which had Some of the children from eleven to thirteen years old had been erected through funds procured from indinever been inside of a Sunday school. The parents had viduals interested in developing this type of no Bibles and were ashamed to have me know it and we pioneer mISSIons. Arrangements were made to ordered ten to be used in the school. The men take part conduct regular preaching services in addition to and are as interested as the women. The women said in the Sunday school. Soon a minister was placed the beginning: "This will not bea school just for women in charge, and a comfortable manse erected beside and children, and if the men don't come there will be no the little frame church. The need of high school Sunday schooL" So the men do their part in teaching, training for the young people having developed, singing, and planning. Very soon I am going to have a the Sunday school missionary's advice was again communicants' class and I believe over half of the group will join our church . . . they wanta real training class a sought and through his influence with the county before they join, and I am glad to be able to give it to them. I am hoping in a year or so to organize a church educational authorities high school teacher was at this place. It will be the only one within seventy-five appointed. The little log school did not provide or one hundred miles and will give the pupils in my other sufficient facilities for high school work and under community schools a church to join. the leadership of the Sunday school missionary the community set to work to build a high school, Poison Creek Sunday School hauling the logs one by one from a distance of ten miles back in the mountains. The story of Poison Creek Sunday school illustrates the conditions of spiritual need that pre- "When I think of this community," writes the vail in thousands of communities and neighbor- Sunday school missionary, "I think of a dream hoods throughout our land and can be remedied realized; of a prayer answered; and a happy most economically and successfully through this type of pioneer missionary service. Its catholicity in not requiring any subscription to a denominational creed or form of government wins local co-

community of Christian people working and wor- work in the Southern states in planning for the shipping together for the building of the Kingdom organization of all our fields on a similar basis. of God." Parishes have already been established in South Carolina, Georgia, and Alabama. Creole work The planting of a Sunday school is only the be- has progressed with remarkable success under this ginning upon which a community consciousness missionary parish policy. In the southern mounof the necessity of maintaining and developing tains there are the Leslie County Parish and the Pikeville Parish in Kentucky, the newly estab- GOING TO SUNDAY SCHOOL THROUGH A SNOWSTORM lished parish organization in Rhea County, Ten- IN THE DEiSERT nessee, and the Hughes River Parish in West Vir- ginia. The parish program includes the following: This is one of the difficulties met by missionaries in min- istering to scattered populations Organization of Parish Council. Sunday school held regularly throughout the year. Christian influences is to be built up. It has al- Vacation Bible School. ways been the policy of Sunday school missions to Week Day Bible Instruction in cooperation with public put forth every possible effort to assure the growth of new Sunday schools and to integrate schools. them into the life of their respective communities. Young people's work and other age-group organizations. The churches that have grown from this work and Leadership training. the three thousand community Sunday schools Adult education. that are permanent organizations under the fos- Promotion of family religion. tering care of Sunday school missionaries bear Evangelistic services. impressive witness to the achievement of this pur- Parish institutes and rallies. pose. This effort toward permanency has found Financial cultivation for local support and benevolences. expression in the policy recently inaugurated of combining the community Sunday schools within Enlisting the Women given areas into missionary parishes. Under the leadership and supervision of the Sunday school One of the most significant developments of remissionary an intensive program of religious edu- cent years is the promotion of a movement to cation and evangelism is carried on. Even though enlist Christian young women who are teaching there is no church organization in the area, all the rural public schools in giving Bible instruction to elements that enter into an educational service for their pupils. No elaborate machinery or prothe Christian teaching and training of children cedure has been set up and no salaried officials or and youth, including adult education, are capable offices have been created for the purpose of superof successful adaptation. Practically all of pio- vising it. Growing out of our knowledge of the neer Sunday school missionary work in New Mex- fact that the children in thousands of "little red ico and Arizona is now organized according to schoolhouses" throughout the United States are this plan. In New Mexico the work is represented being taught by young women, many of whom in ten missionary parishes, comprising nearly one have received training in Christian families and hundred community Sunday schools. During the past year two new parish groups were organized A PRAIRIE CHURCH — THE RESULT OF SUNDAY in Arizona and one in Colorado. In each of these SCHOOL WORK parishes, one or more groups have been organized into congregations. Too weak to provide any sub- This church is forty-five miles from the railroad. The pastor stantiallocal support for a pastor, they are served lives fifty miles away. The nearest other church is 4·0' miles by Sunday school missionaries in the same manner as the communities which have a formal churches, it was proposed that wherever pracchurch organization. ticable, and as an expression of their own desire to render a service to Christ, they designate one A forward step has been taken in the Negro hour each week after school sessions during the school term for Bible instruction. To guide them in this work a series of six books under the title

of "Manual of Week-Day Bible Lessons" was pre- of two hundred thousand such children, taught by pared, containing material for Bible instruction more than nine thousand school teachers who used for children through the six years of their ele- these Bible lessons last year, to receive the knowlmentary school attendance. A book for pupil's edge thus imparted to them, in connection with handwork on each lesson for each of the "Man- their public school training? uals" is provided for their use. The Vacation Bible School likewise has been The response of rural school teachers and of adapted to the rural communities of our land as a county and state superintendents of education means of supplementing the instruction provided throughout the United States has encouraged be- by the community Sunday school. 'Upwards of lief in the possibilities of this movement. More two thousand communities were blessed by such than four millions of children are enrolled in rural schools last summer. More than one hundred and district public schools. Many of .these children thirty thousand children were enrolled in them. live in neighborhoods where there is not even a Sunday school. They do not, and many could not, Still there is need for the extension of Sunday attend the Sunday school in the nearest town, be- schools, supplemented by the Vacation Bible cause the I'nearest town" too often is from ten to School and by week-day Bible instruction in all fifty miles distant. Unimproved roads and lack parts of rural America. It is a great and pressing of suitable conveyance makes traveling difficult. need. The Church as well as the nation marches Can we fully realize what it has meant to upwards forward on the feet of the children and youth. They can and must be won for Christ.

The Church in the Heart -_.~.g~f~~B~Y~M~BRy~SM~.~RRS~.U~RT~UH~TCH~.~CM~.U~ML~ULL~'L~,A~AS~shh~llaan~dn~,dK~'a~nKs~aas~n_sa~s~I~JIie~- ~==========================~'

T HIRTY years ago it was a common thing, father said that if I wanted to we would postpone especially in Western Kansas farming dis- starting home until after church on Sunday morn- tricts, for a community to organize a Sunday ing. I've always had my books but I think I school to meet in the neighborhood schoolhouse. missed the music most of all." Some intelligent, Christian woman, usually with a family of children, who had some ability in Sunday school and preaching services in rural drawing together the neighborhood, would start schoolhouses are practically a thing of our pioneer the Sunday school. Occasionally a minister from past. Automobiles have made distance such an a neighboring town would come and preach after unimportant matter that those who can manage the Sunday school. drive into the town churches. But distance is still a problem to our people who live in the ranching A comparatively small number of rural districts and to our wheat farmers who, in passchurches were built in western Kansas outside of ing through the depression and drouth in the the towns. It has been said that Kansas people, "dust bowl" find gasoline money a real item. with their Puritan heritage, do not have the church habit that might have been expected. My husband and I live on a western cattle ranch where our nearest neighbor is four and one- When my grandmother came to a western cattle half miles away, with four gates in between. ranch, comprising some thirty-five sections, the They who refer to the west with its "wide open nearest neighbor was fifteen miles away and was spaces" have never taken into account the barbed reached only over a rough prairie country in a wire gates that a good cow man builds. For the buckboard or on horseback. Once when, as a first year, on Sunday mornings, I prepared breakchild, I was complaining because I couldn't go to fast for from two to five cowboys, attended to my Sunday school, she remarked: house work, drove twenty-two miles to Sunday school and church and returned home in time. to "My dear, you will have to learn to have Sun- prepare a late Sunday dinner for my men. It was day school in your heart. When your grandfather necessary for me to go alone to church for cattle and I first came to Kansas it was almost two years feeding and ranch work go on without considerabefore I was inside of a church. Grandfather and tion of Sunday. I soon felt that in the hurry I I drove to Dodge City, fifty-two miles, in a buck- was losing a measure of serenity. So like my board to buy lumber for a new barn. I felt grandmother I turned to church in my heart. 'home' again after a long absence when grand- II Effective 'Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home s. EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I============================~I~ Building Your Program for Include among your program to-Use pamphlets are provided the Coming Year specifications these pointers, il- for the adult books, while an As stated last month the De- lustrated by such "effective ways abundance of concrete plans and partment Editor finds it impos- of working" as have been con- devices are included in the books sible in the nature of things to tributed lately to this Depart- for young children, which acobtain "Tested Methods" bear- ment: counts for the slightly higher ing on the new themes to include in her copy sent for publication 1. No appetite tickling condi- prices of the latter. A leaflet on ments, no blurbs of coloring, no "Mission Study – Aim sand previous to the appearance of mere entertaining features will Ideals," by Mrs. Charles P. the study books and their pres- build or maintain vitality for Wiles, says: entation at summer conferences; earnest missionary endeavor. One of the striking features of secand as her stated function is not ular education is the way in which to provide raw material but While variety and attractiveness education is being adapted to national in catering greatly increase the needs. Personal hygiene, domestic tried-and-proved-good blueprints effectiveness and are, therefore, science, industrial and agricultural desirable corollaries to solid sub- education and many other civic needs and specifications for its use, ject matter, it is fatal to major are being studied systematically inspecific helps for the home mis- on these or to make them para- stead of being left to the uncertain mount in importance. Using the and spasmodic influence of home and sion topic must be delayed until community. Short courses, part-time the September issue, while those current study books as adapted by qualified educators to the age work, etc., all indicate what the State on the foreign may appear on interests insures this worthful- is willing to do for the sake of effi- riess of subject matter, although ciency. These are a challenge to the schedule in October. You are Church to cultivate her own special invited to send in your own other themes may be substituted. fieId with equal diligence. . . . The plans for handling "Rural Amer- The advantages of falling into reason why many Christians are lukeica" and "The Moslem World," step with other Christian work- warm on the subject of missions is as well as any other subjects you ers simultaneously considering that they have never visualized the may desire to substitute. the same things, and also of world and its stupendous needs. . . . Regardless of the specific For the great work confronting us, availing oneself of leaflet and theme, c e r t a i n fundamentals mag a z i n e literature supple- every Christian needs convictions clear should be adhered to by the pro- mental to the current topics is and deep. Convictions such as these cannot be secured by an occasional gram builder. And while care- not to be disregarded. THE RE- missionary sermon or address or even ful adaptation to the age inter- VIEW and various denomina- a missionary m.eeting once a month. tional missionary pUblications ests of the various groups is im- keep these united study themes Secular education treats no subject perative, is there so much differ- that it takes seriously in this manner. ence between the gray matter, … "Every member of the Church of Christ a student of present-day needs the motivations and the reac- a,nd opportunities" sh01l,ld be our camtions of men and women that sex in the spotlight each year. In paign motto. corrals are necessary? If so, ensuing issues of this Depart- It is not always possible to semissions must be considered as ment fresh plans from outstand- cure formal study on the part of a thing apart in general educa- ing workers will be presented a group. Mrs. Katherine Brention and even in modern busi- for aiding pastors, Sun day ner says in Woman's Home Misness life, where the sex like the school leaders and directors of sions that at one meeting the color line is in process of era- other church groups in their task leader gave out questions on a sure. Of course there are cer- of "making the whole church chapter in the study book at the tain differences of function in missionary minded." beginning, telling the member- field activities that must persist 2. Handling worthful ma- ship to listen closely and they because of dyed in the wool hu- terial in sequential study rather would hear the answers before man physiology; but in local than disconnected programs they were through. The church mission study and endeavor and makes all the difference between bulletin announced that another in the authorship of plans, shall ephemeral and permanent ef- meeting would have a Mail we line up as "boys" and "girls," fect. This is not so difficult as Order Program. At the meet- "men" and "women" when a it seems. New recruits in this ing an improvised post office union of forces would make for endeavor may not know that contained a postmaster who re- greater efficiency? practical supplementary How- ceived from a uniformed mail [319 ] (not male) man a bag of letters National Motion Picture Service, Personal Growth Material included as and post cards, the former con- 723 Seventh Ave., New York, can a constituent in each of the above entaining parts of the chapter furnish a limited range of travel deavors. Every member receiving a under consideration addressed pictures free from rental fee. book is asked to outline for herself a to members who would share Various denominational m iss ion plan for growth by choosing from the them with the membership, the boards have also prepared good given list such things as she is willing postmaster himself adding a films on the current studies and to undertake for her development, touch of humor by stopping his other topics. Send for catalogues keeping tab on her work by marking distribution to read some of the and price lists. points on a "Check Your Progress" postals aloud. Other mail con- schedule. Among the possible choices sisted of copies of Woman's A great variety of visual and in building a plan of life are (1) Sug- Home Missions con t a i n i n g dramatic material is listed in gested Means, such as observance of marked passages, some of which every denominational catalogue. the daily quiet hour, reading books on were to be read at the meeting Next month we shall present religious thought and experience, and the rest taken home for con- this topic in further detail, also serious study of sections of Scripture, sideration. Mrs. Brenner says: deal with act i vat ion sand membership in a prayer group, mem- personalizations of missionary orizing Scripture passages, hymns and The leader had all mail listed and themes. devotional poetry, participation in a called for letters and various items in prayer retreat, etc.; (2) Reading for order. The enigmas and shorter clip- A Plan for Personal and pings were read first so that those Personal Growth, the books listed inreceiving letters had a chance to read Kingdom Growth cluding "Victorious Living," "Ways them over. Clippings were pasted on of Praying," "The Meaning of postcards, also enigmas, answers to In the "teaching mission" Prayer," "The Upper Room," "Pracwhich were to be read. Some of the which inaugurates the three- tising the Presence," "Skyward," mail was left unaddressed till the year campaign leading up to the "Paul's Secret of Power," "Disciplemeeting so that everyone received celebration of the Seventieth An- ship," "Challenge and Power," "The something. A parcel post boy brought niversary of the Woman's For- Transforming Friendship"; A Checka large package by special delivery, eign Mission Society of the ing List of Observed Results, such as which contained doughnuts, sugar and Methodist Episcopal Church, the increase of peace, joy, patience a package of coffee addressed to mem- mentioned last month, an initial with problems, absence of personal bers of the entertainment committee. plan is the issue of a personal resentment, willingness to do hard Special music also came to the ones notebook entitled "My Record," things without recognition, love of who were to sing. We hope that many with a seven-pointed star as a fellow men regardless of color, realnew subscribers will be added as a companion. These are to be ization of answered prayer, consciousresult of the meeting. (It should be placed in the hands of as many ness of God's presence, eagerness to stated that Woman's Home Missions women as possible, both within share His riches, commitment to His features the current study topics.) the organization and among the leadership in missionary endeavor at unenlisted in the church at large. Visualizations, and dramatiza- From the keynote of the Cross home and abroad. tions, if kept in subservience to on the front cover, the book elabthe subject matter, are not mere orates its contents as "Personal Means suggested for Membership trimmings and appetizers but Growth Material," calling upon Education (a choice to be made as adaptations to normal human the world-wide membership of before) include planning and presentneeds. Pastors and mission the Society to unite in a climb to ing a missionary program, reading study leaders who have not yet higher levels of personal reli- the mission study textbook for the learned the superior values of gious living, of understanding current year, regular reading of the moving pictures in presenting and intelligent service, and of in- missionary magazine and of current their messages, are missing a formed and effective leadership. international news, promotion for great opportunity. For the bene- participation in a forum on world fit of those who are not regular The objectives under each one are trends, reading from the membership readers of THE REVIEW, we will outlined as (1) Personal Growth education list of at least one item repeat addresses given once be- through prayer circles, use of spe- each on world peace and alcohol edufore. "Movies" in either 16mm. cific growth material, significant wor- cation, cooperation in the promotion or 33mm. sized films may be ob- ship services, devotional reading and of missionary education in the local tained from: meditation, retreats: (2) Education church. of Members through study of the Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th St., "giving projects"; study of "Valorous "Leadership Development" suggests New York. Ventures"; reading of the mission- ary magazine, group study, etc.: as means: Reading and study of a Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West (3) Development of Leaders through specific list of materials (which fol- 60th St., New York. ' enrollment in the leadership training lows as. a citation of outstanding courses, in which shall be enrolled books) and of training courses; at- Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Boston. every junior and young people's lea<!er tendance upon district and branch Division of Visual Aids, Presbyterian in 1937-38, plus at least one from each meetings; coaching conferences, re- woman's society auxiliary; enroll- treats and schools of missions; study Board of Christian Education, ment in Board of Education courses of psychology, public speaking, social Witherspoon Building, Philadel- for those having completed the W. F. trends and world affairs as opportu- phia, Pa. M. S. courses; emphasis on reading nity offers; attendance upon insti- Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, for leadership development; attend- tutes for peace and alcohol education; 347 ;Madison Ave., New York, or ance upon training centers inclusive cooperative leadership in local church 19 South La Salle St. (Room 10), of coaching conferences, retreats, dis- Chicago. trict and branch meetings. affairs. The Religious Motion Picture Founda- Following each of the foregoing tion, 140 Nassau St., New York. Following these objectives is the The Japanese Tourist Bureau, 551 lists is a schedule for checking con- Fifth Ave., New York, and The scientiously the person's observed progress, as in the case of the first section on "Personal Growth"-and, a heart-searching list it is! "I am will- ing to follow as well as lead"; "I will accept minor responsibility as gladly as conspicuous leadership"; "I can work harmoniously with others"; "I have surrendered myself, my time, my talents, my means to the work of the Kingdom, subject to the guidance of God"; "I have become a tither";

EFFECTIVE W Ay,s OF WORKING

"I do not drink nor serve alcoholic by "Taro" and "Ume" – two orange and a little red crayola, beverages and I support efforts children dressled in kimonos- adding a suggestion of a foreagainst the liquor traffic"; "I have ground. We prayed for the chilbecome. thoroughly interested in mis- who invited us to a tea where we dren who worship idols because sionary work" -these and other met their mother. She let us go they do not know the true God queries, considered prayerfully in out to her garden and pick iris one's quiet hours, can hardly fail to (some I had made). Then we unless we send missionaries to be used of God in stirring up the learned how to make small paper teach them, and Taro and Ume Christian conscience and bringing out lanterns from the colored bor- taught us to sing "Jesus Loves one's increased endeavor. ders of wall paper, and these we Me" in Japanese just as they sing it in mission schools. The star contains on one side the strung all across the front of the seven points of emphasis for the three room. As we had no sand table we years, and on the other a suggestion worked out a Japanese scene in for membership development. One of We next decided to take a jin- a box standing on its side with the points on the star indicates the at- rickisha and climb Fujiyama, a the front open – grass, cherry tempt being made to tie up all the larger poster of which hung on and evergreen trees, pool, curvunits of work on the field – the or- the wall. Two broomsticks, run ganizations of women closely linked under one of the kindergarten ing bridge, iris" wistaria, sacred with the local auxiliaries in all of chairs simulated the jinrikisha, mountain, houses and people. their endeavors. We dressed the ladies in more of which was manipulated by two the flowered wall paper and Are not there points in this plan of the boys. Only one child could worth "borrowing"? go at once, but the children were made raincoats and hats for the good about taking turns, and we coolies out of fringed tan paper. Missions in Terms of the Child's World learned much about the sacred The jinrikisha was made out of mountain. heavy black paper. Then Taro By ANNYE ALLISON, and Ume taught us some of the Richmond, Vi.rginia Next day we again visited favorite flowers, and trees of Taro and Ume, going by a dif- Japan and explained flower ar- When my primary children, ferent path which led across one from six to nine years of age, of the curved bridges that are rangement. We covered oatwere going to study Japan I meal boxes with marbled wall planned the course in the form StO common in Japan – three of paper and arranged some of the of a trip, collecting pictures, the chairs placed side by side flowers in them. making posters, paper flowers, and their seats covered with models of houses, fans, lanterns, paper. Here we learned how to We made posters of Japanese etc., before the class began. make small folded fans with children under blooming cherry On the first day they were told more wall paper border. These trees and boys sailing kites. to go into an adjoining room and we decided to wear in our hair. Then we drew lanterns on 9×12 buy their tickets, then take their inch cream drawing paper, made seats, in the train for Se'attle, the The day following Taro and three-panel folding screens with seats being their own small Ume told us about the festival chairs arranged car-wise. One of kites and of dolls, showing us frames of heavy black paper and of the boys wearing a cap and a Japanese doll and a fish kite masks of Japanese men and armed with a conductor's punch women. We cut teapots, sugar came out and handled the tickets made to look like a carp–a'spe- -long strips of pink paper. cies having brave qualities which bowls and cream pitchers out of Japanese fathers want their flowered paper and mounted On arriving in Seattle we sons to possess. The children changed to the steamer, Empress them on black so as to have tea of Japan, so the chairs had to be drew pictures of both, then Taro sets to take home. Some of our rearranged as on a deck and and Ume served them with missionary money was sent to a newspapers spread over the chil- sweetened rice custard and worker in our own denomination dren's knees in lieu of rugs. taught them the way Japanese Soon the band, composed of chil- children bow – a pretty little and the rest to a Japanese leper dren, came out on the deck and exercise set to rhyme. mission. Some of the handwork began to playa collection of toy was taken home, soOme sent to instrumentsl I had made, and the We came upon a small Shinto schools and Sunday schools maklittle folks greatly enjoyed this shrine next day, covered with ing a study of Japan, and some "music." little lumps which looked like kept by our own school to use on Chairs placed alongside of rough cement but which Taro missionary occasions. tables gave the effect of upper and Ume explained were the and lower berths, with the news- prayers of Shinto worshipers The foregoing outline of a papers as covers. The trip was who had chewed up the papers surprislingly short and very soon on which they were written and Japanese study for young chilwe arrived in Japan. While the dren may well serve as a pattern children went out for a short re- tried to shoot them into a small of universal application, subject cess, some of the posters" pic- hole in the shrine – successful tures and artificial flowers were prayers being those which en- to such adaptations as any intelarranged to give a Japanese at- tered the mark. Many fell short. ligent leader will be able to mosphere. We were welcomed Then the children cut both make. The visualizations, acti- shrines and temples or pagodas vations and personalizations in from black paper and mounted its elements are so fundamental them against sunset skies drawn in a child's world that they apply on cream paper with yellow, equally well to a study of "Rural America" and "The Moslem World." The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK, ~L~I~~==~~~~~==~~~~=~ emphasis will be upon the South- ern Mountain situation, one phase of the rural problem. Mr. Edwin E. White has written a book which describes vividly the situation which has developed in the Appalachian Mountains since 1930. Mr. White is also pre- paring the leaders' helps for this book.

Another special emphasis in the rural situation will be the Migrant labor problem. A book is being prepared on this sub- ject for the use of study groups; paper, 35 cents. Many will wish to use this in connection with the study, "Rebuilding Rural America."

"FROM WHENCE COMETH MY HELP" – Barbara Green Schools for Rural Leaders The above picture has just been awarded an international medal For fellowship and educa- and Is on exhibit in the Art Ga lleries in Antwerp. Belgium. tional opportunities sum mer schools for rural leaders are to Thy Good Gifts Nation-Wide Study of Rural be held at agricultural colleges; America, 1937-1938 and theological seminaries. "Our Father in Heaven, Lord While great emphasis has been of Field and Forest, Hill and Throughout the country in placed on the importance of Stream, we thank Thee for the 1937-1938 mis~·;ion study groups rural pastors attending these manifestation of Thy power in will be concentrating on the schools the courses which are all growing things. Fruitful Church in rural America. Dr. offered in many instances would soil, quickening sunlight, favor- Mark A. Dawber, outstanding be very· helpful to the pastors' able rains are Thy good gifts to authority on the rural situation, wives and other women who are us. As Thou hast made us to is the author of the study book leaders in the rural community. have dominion over all the work for adults, "Rebuilding Rural of Thy hands, help us, by Thy America"; cloth, $1.00; paper, The cost of attending the spirit, to enter into our heritage, 60 cents. The supplementary schools ranges from $15.00 to esteeming it a high calling to be course which has been prepared $25.00 for the two weeks' ses- Thy husbandmen. Help us to for use in connection with the sion. Certain of the Home Misbe mindful of Thy partnership study of "Rebuilding Rural sion Boards offer a limited numin all the cultivation of our America" has been prepared by ber of scholarships to country gardens and the care of our Dr. Benson Y. Landis, secretary pastors and it is suggested that flocks and herds. And when the of the American Country Life any interested in attending these ground hath brought forth plen- Association. This course is en- schools inquire of their Mission tifully and earth hath yielded titled "The Church and Amer- Boards about the possibility of her increase may we know that ican Rural Life"; paper, 25 attending these sessions: Thou hast given us our daily cents. bread, and give Thee thanks." Wisconsin Rural Leadership Summer In Young People's groups the School, University Qf Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, June 28- [322 ] July 9.

Auburn Summer School of Theology and Religious Education, Auburn

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

Theological Seminary, Auburn, must be attained on the commu- as in sixty-three rural schools, three N. Y., June 28-July 15. nity level. If it fails there it institutions and two parochial schools." fails everywhere. That means Virginia Summer School for Rural that in the community we must From NEW YORK: Ministers, Virginia Polytechnic recognize neither East nor West, Institute, Blacksburg, Va., July North nor South, White nor One of the outstanding pieces of 12-21. Negro, city. nor country, owner civic education for women in New nor tenant. There must be York State is the Legislative Forum. The Ministers' Short Course in Com- rather that equality of opportu- It was started in New York State by munity Leadership, South Dakota nity for which de m 0 c r a c y a woman who had come from Wis- State College, Brookings, S. D., stands." consin where she was interested in a July 12-23. similar organization. This Forum is The reports of the activities of made up of a group of women-repre- Pastor's Summer School, Hollister, the rural women were evidence sentatives of women's organizations Mo., August 3-13. of this "idealism, sympathy and of the State. They met weekI" dur- spiritual insight." ing the session of the Legislature. Rural Leadership School, Purdue Uni- The Governor of the State gives them versity, Lafayette, Ind., June 21- From ILLINOIS: the use of the Assembly Parlor in the July 2. State Capitol for their meetings. Any Rural homemakers in Illinois have group or organization of women in- Seminar on "The Church and Agricul- set some minimum requirements for terested in varied legislation may be- ture," Garrett Biblical Institute, health toward which we are working. long, such as the State Federation of Evanston, Ill., June 14-July 16. . . . Clinics for tuberculosis, for tra- Women's Clubs, the Parent-Teacher choma and for crippled children; hos- Associations, the League of Women The Pastors' Institute, Divinity pitals for rural people for acute med- Voters, the New York State Federa- School, University of Chicago, ical cases; medical attention for the tion of Home Bureaus, and many Chicago Theological Seminary, expectant mother and her baby; for others. Disciples Divinity House, July immunization for smallpox, diphthe- 26-August 1. ria, and for typhoid and scarlet fever Each member of the Forum is at reasonable expense; for a safe appointed to one of five groups, com- The Rural Church Institute, Duke water supply and in this connection parable with Committees in the Legis- University, Durham, N. C., June have had a rural school water survey. lature, Finance, Judiciary, Welfare, 14-25. Weare one hundred per cent free Public Service and Internal Affairs. from tuberculosis among our cattle. North Dakota Summer School for We have been working to destroy flies At weekly meetings, bills introduced Ministers, Jamestown, N. D., July and insects, and to improve the sani- in the Legislature during the past 12-17. tary conditions of toilets in rural week are turned over to the commit- schools and churches which are so tee appointed to consider that par- Summer Institute for Rural Religious often neglected. We can get these ticular subject. The following week Leaders, Washington State Col- things through the cooperation of the committees report unon the bills lege, Pullman, Washington, June groups of women interested in health, assigned to them. No action is taken 28-July 9. and we are getting much help from on any bill. It is purely educational. our Extension Service. . . . In one Each week a report of the meeting is New England Rural Church Workers' year 3,934 individuals reported im- sent out to persons desiring it at a Conference, Ocean Park, Me., proved health habits, 1,334 reported small cost. In this way the informa- June 28-July 2. improved posture, 1,222 adopted im- tion is sent out to every County Home proved health practices and immuniza- Bureau in the State. and used as a Institute of Public Affairs, University tion, while 1,053 homes adopted bet- means of increasing the interest of of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va., ter nursing procedure. rural women in legislation and mak- July 4-17. ing them conscious of their civic re- From DELAWARE: sponsibility. Cornell Summer School for Town and Country Ministers, Cornell Uni- It was not until 1927 that county From OHIO: versity, Ithaca, N. Y., July 18-30. lii:Jrary service was given to the rural people of our county. Then, a woman In Ohio alone there are more tha'1 Women in Rural America in Wilmington, Delaware, much inter- 21,000 Grange community meetings, ested in rural boys and girls, felt that in which importance of the Bible and Life on the farm and in rural they should have the same opportunity religious ideals have constant emcommunities is richer today be- that city children had been having, phasis. Without question this incause women in the country had appropriated a certain amount of fluence alone touches thousands of vision and perseverance. In a money, and with that the county li- homes that would not come in contact recent conference of over 300 brary was started. For two years it with direct influence of the church. rural homemakers fro m 24 was carried on entirely through dem- Other community groups are recogstates there was evidence of this. onstrations. After that time, enough nizing the need of religious influence public opinion was aroused so that a and inspiration. A combined and sub- Realizing that "The home is bill was brought up and passed in our stantial program, coupled with indibasic as a factor in family and Legislature appropriating a certain vidual interest and initiative, should national security" the rural amount of money which is handled do more to improve the religious sithomemaker is a very vital per- through the Levy Court of our county uation in our rural Americ:on homes. son in the rural situation. In and thus our county library is addressing these women Dr. Ed- financed. We started off with one From NEW HAM?SHIRE: mund de S. Brunner said, "the librarian but library service has community is but the extension grown by leaps and bounds. Last In most of our rural communities of your home and as such of year's report showed a circulation of we do not have enough money to supyour housekeeping. It needs 194,769 books in such places as wom- port a pastor or church activities. If your attention. It needs the en's clubs, Grange halls, churches, we could increase our religious interidealism, sympathy and spiritual private homes, country stores, as well ests, if we could unite the various facinsight of women if social sta- tions in a community, and have fewer bility is to be maintained as a churches to support, then we could basis for social progress. And get the money. . . . Our boys and this is important for if real de- girls cannot carryon the ideals of a mocracy is to be achieved and Christian nation unless we give them made manifest in our nation it the background of Christian training.

World–wide

A Missionary Newspaper. of Current Events ~~~=-=-=-=-=-=-=E=D=I=TE=D==BY==M=R=S=.=H=EN==R=IE=T=T=A=H=.==F=ER=G=U=S=ON==,=X=E=N=IA=,=O=H=I=O=========-===-=-~~ NORTH AMERICA ships of life than to the vertical Churches and the Slums relationships; who are more Church in a Suitcase conversant with the world than The Fed era I Council of they are with the Church. Churches is appealing to church When Rev. Dudley S. McNeil, members "to support all sound young Elgin, Ill., Episcopal Thirty-eight District Commit- and effective measures for slum clergyman, went to his field in tees have been organized to push clearance and the re-housing of southwestern W yom i n g, he a three-fold program which will low-income wage-earners." found there were but three require several years to carry churches of his denomination in out. It is believed that two- As for the part the churches an area of 40,0{)0 square miles. thirds of the church members may take in a national movement As he saw it, it was not a prob- never do church work unless it for better housing, the Federal lem of how to get the people to is organized for them, and that Council Bulletin says: church, but how to get the the highly organized present-day church to the ranchers, oil dig- world is drawing many people The churches may not have the gers and miners scattered over away from the church. technical competence to determine the the countryside, or living in methods by which the appalling houshamlets which had no churches. An Investment that Paid ing conditions in our cities can best Accordingly he built an altar be overcome, but there is something that could be carried in a suit- In 1914, windows in South basic which they can do. They can case, a complete church, he calls Philadelphia's Baptist Commu- shake the public out of its callous it, in collapsible form. Mr. Mc- nity House were repeatedly complacency. They can awaken the Neil plans to cover his territory broken by stones and at times imagination to see the wreckage of by automobile. the missionaries were greeted life and personality that present con- with similar objects. Now, the ditions mean. They can arouse a We read, also, of a new trailer district police captain affirms, moral demand that ways of redresscathedral, which will go to the there is less crime there than ing this great social wrong can be people of the diocese of southern elsewhere in his "beat." A mis- found. The greatest need is for a Ohio, instead of waiting for sion worker writes: new conscience on the subject; that them to come to it, planned by conscience the churches by concerted Bishop Hobson of Cincinnati. "Sons and daughters of par- action can supply. It is to be called "St. Paul's ents who could neither read nor Wayside Cathedral," and will write have worked their way Moody Colportage Work enable the Bishop to minister di- through college. In these 23 rectly to all the parishes and years, 2,500 students have at- The Moody Centenary calls atmissions of the diocese with a tended our evening schools; tention to the fact that the Bible program of greater service. In many are now nurses, teachers, Institute Colportage Association addition to an altar, it will con- dentists, druggists and doctors; of Chicago, which the evangelist tain a library and motion pic- four are ministers of the Gospel. founded in 1894 for the publicature outfit. Again, 23 years ago there was tion and dissemination of Chris- so little responsibility assumed tian lit.erature, has had a larger "Unite the Youth" by the few attendants at the output than in any year of its church that 27 cents for current history. The Association's pub- Lutherans are rallying for a expenses and missions was the lications in this and foreign "Unite the Youth Endeavor." total offering taken at the first countries the past year totaled Its purpose is to bring present- Sunday morning service. Now 6,376,259 copies of evangelical day Christian youth face to face there are many tithers. Ten books: booklets, Gospels, Testawith the challenging task of the young people have become either ments, Pocket Treasuries and Church, and to lead them to missionaries or ministers of the salvation tracts. Much of this adopt in word and deed a Chris- gospel. Eight are on the field was sent free to prisons, hospitian philosophy of life. It and two are soon to enter mis- tals, CCC camps, mountain and reaches out especially for those sion work." pioneer schools, fire stations, young people who are on the lodging houses, lumber camps, fringes of the congregations, From this small beginning state institutions, and the peoand who are giving more atten- has grown an Italian Baptist ples of Alaska, Phi lip pin e tion to the horizontal relation- Church, with a Sunday school Islands, India, Mexico, Central of 400 members. -Missions. and South America, Spain and Africa, as well as those in [324 ] French Louisiana, and the flood and drought-stricken areas. Child Marriage in U. S. A. "Moving Pictures Today-Admission of building. As long as we are under One Fish." a roof we judge we are fulfilling the India, in raising the marriage- law of religious assembly. The little able age limit from 14 for girls Bethel's inhabitants, 20 whites and town of Quiche springs into life every and 18 for boys seems to be ap- 200 Eskimos, by this sign knew civ- Saturday morning as the market place proaching the level of the United ilization had reached the Kuskokwim begins to fill with Indian men, women States where newspapers tell of River country. and children bringing in the cattle, a Tennessee bride of nine years wares, vegetables, fruits, etc., to sell. and one of twelve in New York. The admission charge of one fish This led us to tackle the unevangelized The editor of Missions finds, as- leaves it optional with the Eskimo Indian masses that never darken the tonishingly enough, that the movie patrons whether they pay one doors of our institutions. marriage laws of nine states- dried salmon or one dried whitefish. Colorado, Idaho, Florida, Mary- We started innocently enough in a land, Mississippi, New Jersey, -New York Times. back storeroom to keep within the Rhode Island, Tennessee and law, but this storeroom housed the Washington – specify no mini- LATIN AMERICA supplies and the agricultural tools of mum age for either girl or boy. the owner. Fearing that the Indians In the 39 states which specify a The Velorio Deserted might stealthily relieve the owner of minimum age, it varies from 14 these necessities, we moved under the to 18 for girls and from 15 to 20 A velorio is an all-night vigil eaves to still comply with the law and for boys. in honor of a saint who has an- held forth the Word of God with zest. swered a prayer. While one was This type of services has now spread Mormons Lay New Plans being held in Placetas, Cuba, a to adjoining- villages, with heartening cottage prayer meeting was During the first week in April, under way next door, separated results. -Guatemala News. 12,000 delegates to the 108th an- only by a thin partition, full of nual conference of the Mormon holes. The saint's devotees in- A Rural Need in Colombia Church met in Salt Lake City, spected the prayer m e e tin g with one of tne most ambitious through the holes, deserted the "Twenty Thousand R u r a I programs ever undertaken. This velorio, and joined the prayer Schools Needed," "Three Hunincluded $1,350,000 in educa- meeting. Ten became candidates dred Teachers Suspended in tional projects (50 per cent in- for admission to the Presby- State of Antioquia," "Two Huncrease over 1936), purchase of terian Church, and the hostess dred Fed era 1 Scholarships a site in Los Angeles for a $350,- of the velorio offered her home Granted in Normals" : these 000 temple, another at Idaho for another prayer meeting. headlines in Colombia dailies Falls, Idaho, for a $250,000 mirror the changing educational temple, erection of a score or In another district, the inten- scene, and the articles that folmore chapels in the United sity of fervor at such prayer low give details of a country- States and abroad, and intensifi- meetings sent the hitherto un- wide interest in the struggle cation of their worldwide mis- rivaled priest to court with a de- against ignorance and disease. sionary work. The Mormon mand that these meetings cease. It is shown that 10,000 schools hierarchy, to obtain funds, en- "This is not Spain," the court re- are trying to do the work of forces the old-time tithing sys- minded him, and refused to in- 30,000. Many agencies are contem, collects from each member, terfere. Two hundred were in nected with these schools in their in addition, for the relief emer- attendance at each service, effort to raise existing standgency, the cost of two meals per seated on chairs lent by the mov- ards : Protestant missions, the month. ing picture house and two of the Catholic Church, state and fed- social clubs. eral government and individuals. The church borrows no money and mortgages none of its vast This is all part of a general Dr. Herrera, former presiproperties, which include sugar- evangelistic campaign under- dent, began the present educabeet and other factories, mines, taken by the Presbytery of Ha- tional advance, which is taking hotels, newspapers, buildings vana in the months of January, mighty strides despite great oband mercantile establishments. February and March. Each stacles, and mission schools are community was divided into dis- taking an important part in the The Movie in Alaska tricts; church members were as- awakening. They have done signed to visit the families of much to stimulate an interest in Here is an illustration of the each district, giving out tracts education, and to form charspread of picture show influence, and holding prayer meetings. acter in the process. so often a handicap to the mis- Many meetings resulted in cansionary's work. didates for church membership. -Colombian Clippings.

An Eskimo boy paraded the mile- -Monday Morning. Homes for Lepers' Children long two-plank sidewalk of Bethel, Alaska's "Main Street" recently, ring- The Indians of Guatemala A Brazilian woman, wife of ing a cowbell and turning himself Prof. Anderson Weaver, Methproudly so all could read the legend Open-air preaching is forbid- odist missionary to Brazil, is emblazoned on his sandwich boards, den by Guatemala law; religious leading a movement in her coun- services must be held in "tem- try to establish in every state a pIes.'" Rev. William Oughton of "refuge home" ~or the healthy Quiche writes: children of leprous parents, where they may be cared for, Where no Evangelical church build- trained and educated, and grow ing exists we must resort to any kind

up free from ,all taint of lepros~. founded charges of Communism their parish either drift into in- She has already raised large have given rise to terrorism, difference or are absorbed by the sums and homes have been built floggings and even murders, Roman Catholic mass in which in seven of Brazil's 22 states. leading to the removal of mis- they are embedded.

One home has been named in her guided officials. -World DominionPress. -World Dominion Press. honor. Mrs. Weaver, "Dona Eunice," has invitations from EUROPE Bible Distribution in Italy the governments. of ten other states to come and help them Communists' Catechism Circulation of the Bible is not with similar campaigns. easy in Italy; there are power- Dawn is authority for the ful forces to block the way. Re- If her husband were a Bra- statement that there are more cently a decree was issued that zilian he would probably not than 124 communist Sunday copies must bear on the title permit his wife to travel about schools in Great Britain in page the word "Protestant." It and conduct money-raising cam- which the communist faith is was charged that evangelicals paigns. But Prof. Weaver, who taught. Their catechism in- were duping Catholics by cir- cludes such questions as: culating the Bible without tellis superintendent of the People's ing them it was the Protestant Central Institute in Rio de Ja- "What is God?" "God is a word Bible. neiro, knows that this philan- used to designate an imaginary being thropic work is helping to put which people of themesleves have Difficult as the problem was, Protes;tantism on before the peo- devised." the evangelicals did not feel that ple in Brazil in a favorable light. they could print the word "Prot- "Who is Jesus Christ?" "Jesus – World Outlook. Christ is the son of a Jewish girl estant" on the Bible. It is not Protestant Progress in Brazil called Mary." exclusively a Protestant Book. "Is he the Son of God?" "There is It existed before the word "Prot- The latest biennial report of estant" was coined. Things the Evangelical Federation of no God, therefore there can be no were at' a deadlock; and the Brazil marks a definite advance God's Son." Vatican rejoiced at what it reof the churches. Spiritual life garded the success of its astute has been vitalized, literature for "Is Christianity desirable?" "Chris- move. the work of the churches in- tianity is not advantageous to us, but creased, and the training of Sun- harmful, it makes us spiritual crip- The evangelicals continued day school and other workers ples. By its teachings of bliss after quietly in prayer. The decree greatly improved. The Evan- death it deceives the people. Chrisgelical churches in Brazil show tianitv is the greatest obstacle to the could not be revoked without loss a development greater than that progress of mankind, therefore it is of prestige, but those responsible in any other Latin American the duty of every citizen to help wipe were made to see their position country, having a Christian com- out Christianity." was untenable; that it revealed munity of nearly 2,000,000. This an ignorance of history. Evenrecent effort to promote fellow- Church Union in France tually, a way was found for those ship and unity of effort is who had made the decree to fraught with brightest promise. Union of the Reformed modify it without sacrifice of Churches of France will prob- dignity. Would the evangelicals, The churches have a sense of ably be realized during 1937. while letting the words "Bibbia responsibility for the Indian The synods of the v a rio u s Sacra"-"Holy Bible"-stand on tribes in the forest. A union ex- churches are meeting earlier the title page, put clearly underperiment to reach the Cayua In- than usual to set forward the neath the title the name and dians is shared by three denom- proceedings. The Ref 0 r m e d style of the translator? That inations. The Baptist Church has Evangelical Churches prepared they readily agreed to do, and, been forward in this pioneer for the act of union by an appeal to the priests' chagrin, a comwork and for some time has last year for 3,000,000 francs to promise was effected. It is felt maintained a work among one set their finances on a firm basis. that what was intended as a or two tribes as part of its na- Despite hard times they received crippling hindrance has become tional missions' scheme. A 2,800,000 francs. Union will a furtherance. couple of years ago a mission strengthen the churches to face a difficult situation. The sub- -Beyond Alpine Snows. urbs of Paris increase their pop- ulation enormously, but Prot- estant pastors who are trying in working among the Indians pub- many cases to care for 100,000 News Out of Russia lished a paper in Portuguese to to 250,000 persons are hopelessly stir interest in the forest In- overworked. More pastors and Things are going on in Russia dians. It was very well received, evangelists are needed to turn-a which one does not get in the secured subscribers in practi- work of conservation into a cam- daily news. The Quarterly Jour- cally every state of Brazil, and paign of conquest. nal of the United Christian Lit- in 1936 reached a self-support- One of the most difficult tasks erature Society gives a few ing basis. of the French Protestant Church facts of significance.

Communism is rigorously sup- is the care of scattered members. During 1936 Moscow used 86 pressed by the government, but To an alarming extent, individ- different languages on its subin certain rural districts un- uals and groups who move from sidized printing presses. In

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

editions of vary'ing size, it pro- slow death from e con 0 m i c among Moslems in Khartum and duced some 10,000 publications, strangulation. Omdurman is regarded as in- and of these 37,000,000 copies It is reported that the Polish tolerable. There is a general went out. In "tracts" and Government plans the "evacua- opinion current that the Azhar brochures, the total for 1936 tion" of all the 3,150,000 Jews should send a mission to preach came to five thousand millions; in Poland, thereby confronting Islam in the Sudan, and it is refor boys and girls the books is- other nations with a migration ported that the Sudan Governsued totalled thirty-two millions. problem of unprecedented mag- ment would raise no objection. Furthermore, the cinema has nitude. The Society for the Defense of had its special bureau, of which the Moslem Religion is arrang- no figures are available. AFRICA ing public meetings to discuss However, there is actually The New Egypt the preparation of a mission.

talk of religious revival. Though -World Dominion Press.

there is persecution, priests re- Egypt's "New Deal" began on Tripoli Mission Closed main, living like hunted pariahs. August 26, 1936, when a treaty Some, having escaped the massacre in which many thousands was signed in London bringing The work of the North Africa of their brethren fell, furtively to Egypt a new framework Mission in Tripoli City has been celebrate religious rites in the within which her leaders pur- suppressed by Italian authoriconcentration camps, where they pose to work out Egypt's future •ties. This work had been mainendure the horrors of forced destiny as a free country. There tained for a half century as a labor; others wander in beg- can be no doubt that the treaty medical and evangelistic center, gary from place to place, keep- is popular. Plans are on foot to and has been a means of healing ing alive as they go the villagers' better the living conditions of and spiritual blessing to thoufaith; others minister to crowd- the people. It is proposed to ed congregations in the few choose certain villages in differ- sands of Jews and Arabs. churches still allowed to func- ent parts of the country as model tion. Blatant atheism is not so villages, to be improved in every At about the same time, the blatant; the circulation of its Vicar Apostolate, Msgr. Facchief organ has fallen from way and made fit habitations. 37,000 to 14,000; not only the Changes in the educational set- chinetti, consecrated a new old folks, but the young, includ- up are in prospect, and it is church to St. Francis de Assisi, ing young soldiers, are daring hoped that the rights of women in the center of Tripoli City. to attend religious services and may be recognized in a wider sing the old hymns – as only plan of education. Already Near by is a small monastery Russians can-where once stood for the Franciscan missionaries. beautiful churches. there have been proposed laws With this addition, the Catholic in parliament for the regulation It seems clear that when the of women's dress in public, and churches and chapels in the Vigreat revival comes, a new cariate Apostolic of Tripoli now church must emerge; no longer a law for the prohibition of ala caste, indifferent to the peo- coholic and intoxicating. bev- total forty. Thus, from the ple's need and chained to a erages. Italian possessions in Africa, dynasty. What part religion may take evangelical witness is being sys- Jewish Crisis in Five Countries tematically excluded.

Anti-Semitism, raised by Hit- -Alliance Weekly. ler in Germany to the status of a political religion, is rapidly in the new era is a question that Roman Catholic Propaganda spreading throughout Eastern cannot be answered. One looks Europe, and is approaching the in vain for political leadership in the Congo high water mark in Poland, the anywhere in the world today The Southern Presbyterian which is actuated by religious Board reports that their success in the Congo Beige have aroused motives in making decisions. the Catholics, who say that neither men nor money will be -Women's Missionary Magazine. spared in wresting these gains Demonstration Against from the Protestants. They are Missions making no idle boast, for every steamer from Europe is crowded country with the biggest Jewish Excitable El Azhar Univer- with priests and nuns, and the population outside the United sity students are responsible for Belgian Government is spending States, and the highest percent- a violent demonstration against millions in erecting schools, ca- age of Jews in proportion to its missionary work in the Sudan. thedrals, convents and hospitals total population, except for Pal- The Arabic press has espoused for these invading hosts. Last estine. Of the world's entire the cause with zeal. Al Misri, January, out of a total white Jewish population, 30 per cent Al Ahram and Al Mussawar population in Congo of 18,683, are facing the choice of repeat- publish long articles attacking the priests numbered 2,320- ing the Exodus on a bigger scale the Sudan administration for whereas all Protestant workers than that chronicled in the Bible, favoring the Christianization of of all nationalities numbered and somehow crashing through pagan tribes, and making educa- only 734. Whereas the Roman- immigration bars, or of dying a tional grants to missions. Work ists are increasing by scores and

hundreds, the Protestants are hymns. In Mt. Silinda, Rev. and INDIA AND BURMA actually decreasing. Apparently Mrs. John S. Marsh report tak- Another Open Door they have, as they claim, un- ing two Christian A f ric a n limited financial resources. women to a conference under an- Rev. Chandra Das of Benares other mission where 3,000 other cites instances to show that for Their line of attack is through native Christian women lived the Christian message Benares the schools, increased to include three days in conference on reli- offers a fair field. every tiny hamlet. They charge gious matters. They had planno tuition, provide equipment "Benares is famous for palmfree, and are using every legiti- ned and carried through the en- istry and astrology. Not far mate and illegitimate form of tire affair without the help of from our book room is the office propaganda against Protestant- missionaries. of one of these pseudo-scientists, ism. -Presbyterian Survey. in charge of a modern-minded -Overseas News.

Achievement in Central Africa In Tanganyika Outposts young man who has traveled in the West. One morning he A plan to establish a line of A worker for the Church Mis- called me into his house and conmission stations from Mombasa sionary Society in Tanganyika fessed to me a sense of painful to Lake Chad has been completed pays tribute to the work of Af- need. He asked me a direct after forty-two years' work. rican teachers in isolated out- question – 'What has C h r i s t The Africa Inland Mission, in. stations. "Their patience and done for you?' I spent over an association with two other so- love in carrying out their round hour with him and left a copy cieties in French Equatorial of duties week by week, and of St. John's Gospel. Since then Africa, has the chief honor of year by year, could only be main- he has come to our library many the achievement. Missionary in- tained in the power of God." times and bought a Hindi Bible. fluence now permeates some She continues: "A Moslem religious teacher 4,000,000 native peoples. The It always thrills me when I am one day discussed with me the Christian meanings of the Son Society has 230 missionaries asked to interview and examine for of God, perfection of Christ's laboring on 53 s tat ion s in baptism women and girls brought in character, etc., in a very humble Kenya, Tanganyika, West Nile, from the outstations. I hear them read God's Word, and answer ques- and teachable spirit. I was im- Uganda, Bel g ian Congo and tions on the life of our Lord that in French Equatorial Africa. would daunt some of the children at pressed by the absence of ego- home, and I realize that they have tism and argumentative spirit Church schools have been opened learned entirely from the Bible and common in Moslem inquirers. in 1,500 centers and are served from their fellow-Africans. by 2,000 evangelist – teachers. "A Tamil-speaking youth of -C. M. S. Outlook. Madras used his holiday leave in During 1936, 20,000 catechu- mens were under instruction and WESTERN ASIA going about to shrines and holy 6,900 were baptized. In order places in search of peace. 'What to consolidate the churches and Novel Attack on Illiteracy could Christ do for me?' he to plan for developments, the Society has sent its deputation sec- Of Turkey's 40,000 villages, asked. I had an opportunity for retary to confer with the mis- days together of explaining to sionaries. of which many hardly deserve that name, 32,000 have neither him the peace that Christ gives. -World Dominion Press. school nor teacher. It is cal- The case was unique in that young men are rarely troubled Singing African Christians culated that with the help of existing institutions it would re- about spiritual peace. I try to One dark night a missionary quire 96 years to train the neces- follow up these inquirers. Those was traveling on the outskirts of sary teachers. But the govern- who leaye Benares are kept in a territory untouched by Christian influence, so far as he knew, ment dcided to have this done in touch through correspondence although looked upon by the ten years, and devised a plan and literature sent to them by young Chilesso church as its re- which will not only yield the post, and for many of these con- stant prayer is offered in private necessary number of teachers in that short period, but will also and in our common worship."

sponsibility. He heard Christian train a type that psychologically Cow Worship hymn tunes. Investigating he will be much nearer the rural found a young man from one of population than is the ordinary The cow-worshiping cult has the few Christian villages near town-trained man. received new impetus from that section who had carried the Since the Turkish army is the Gandhi. A statement of his Gospel message in song, and a most efficient school in the na.- that the Depressed Classes "are goodly group had caught the tion, it has now been decided worse than cows in understand~ .contagion of the music. The that non-commissioned officers ing" called forth protests on the Chilesso church which now has shall be trained as village teach- part of some of his missionary some 2,600 members maintains ers, and also shall be prepared friends. As a reply to these prooften that it was first led to al- to disseminate elementary no- tests he issued the following legiance to "The Name" through tions of farming and hygiene. statement in The Rarijan of the influence of C h r i s t ian -The Christian Century. January 9:

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In my conversations with Dr. Mott, New Madras Christian College He must have adult material. at one stage I said, "Would you preach With proper textbooks and the the Gospel to a cow? Well, some of On January 30, Lord Erskine, method of teaching and making the Untouchables are worse than cows in understanding. I mean they Governor of Madras, opened the volunteer teachers, it should be can no more distinguish between the new buildings at Tambaram, the possible to make India literate relative merits cif Islam and Hinduism new home of Madras Christian in 25 years. and Christianity than a cow." Some 9011ege, into which the College missionary friends have taken excep- IS to move in this, its centenary, -Baptist Missionary tion to the analogy. I have no re- Review. morse about the propriety of the year. The first sod had been cut analogy. There could be no offense meant to Harijans because the cow is on January 5, 1932. Five years Anti-Leprosy Work a sacr,ed animal. I worship her as I have passed, and much of what wors~Ip my mother. Both are givers was then a dream has been real- Many new leprosy treatment ?f mIlk. And so far as understanding ized. It has cost £174,000. The centers have been opened in the IS concerned I do maintain that there Government of Madras has do- Punjab, according to the latest are, be it said to the discredit of nated the spacious site of 400' report. With the organization superior class Hindus, thousands of acres and has contributed half of 18 new clinics, the total num- Harijans who can no more understand the cost of the buildings. On ber of treatment centers rose the merits and demerits of different the same condition of pound for from 34 to 52, apart from the religions than a cow. That after a pound, it is prepared to carryon five clinics at leper homes. The long course of training Harijans can and fulfil the dream completely. number of doctors trained in have their intelligence developed in a The College grew out of the anti-leprosy work went from 127 manner a cow's cannot, is irrelevant little school opened by John An- to 178. Besides, there were four to the present discussion. derson, the first missionary of sanitary inspectors and one dis- the Church of Scotland in South trict medical officer of health. -The Indian Witness. India, who arriv-ed in Madras Systematic propaganda w 0 r k April 3, 1837. The London Mis- was widely carried out and the National Christian Council sionary Society now shares in provincial leprosy officer ex- tended his survey work to vari- The seventh biennial meeting the enterprise. of the National Christian Coun- ous districts, thus visiting 664 cil, held in Nagpur from Decem- -L. M. S. Chronicle. villages in all, with a population ber 28, 1936, till January 1 1937, considered some urgent Causes of Illiteracy of 169,879. It is stated that in issues of the present ferment. 124 villages 326 cases were de- Seven practical proposals were Dr. Frank C. Laubach enumade: merates the causes of India's tected in different stages of the appalling illiteracy. One handi- disease.-The Indian Witness. Retreats, conferences and inter-visitation should be arranged cap is that if an illiterate desires The Acid Test in Ceylon for workers; large numbers of voluntary workers should be en- to read he must learn to read in Dr. Russell Maltby tells the listed and trained; readj ustment of available forces should be a foreign language, not in the following story: A high-caste made in some areas; every effort should be made to remove language he speaks, for the clas- Bra h min was converted to illiteracy in the Church; the help of the older churches should sical written vocabularies are so Ch~istianity. On the day on still be sought for enquirers and training young members of the different from the spoken collo- WhICh he was to be baptized he Church; the secretariat of the National C h r is t ian Council quial that they are really differ- came to the table where the misshould be strengthened in order that one member may be free to ent languages. sionary was seated, and pouring further this work; cooperation on the part of all branches of the A~other reason for slow prog- out a glass of water, he offered 9hl!rch sho1;lld be developed, as It IS essentIal for undertaking ress IS that when parents are il- it to the missionary. The l amttae~r the task adequately. hardly knowing what the literate the children are likely to The statement concludes: forget all they learned. If the wanted, took a drink, and The Council would specially ask for prayer on behalf of those who are adults were taught first, the chil- handed the glass back. Wheregroping after the light, sometimes hardly knowing what they seek. dren would never forget. It has upon the Brahmin took the glass Prayer is also asked for the Church in India, called to a work so full of been found that an adult can and drank from it himself! A difficulty and dangel, that, purified and strengthened and filled with wis- learn to read in about one-fifth strict Brahmin would rather dom, it may carry out God's purpose for this land. of the time required to teach a drink poison than do a thing like -I. M. C. Quarterly. child. This important discovery that. It was a severe test for a has tremendous bearing upon Brahmin to take for Christ. India. .

Again, the language of the A Modern Muezzin in Malaya books and newspapers is not the colloquial one of the people so In the great Masjid Sultan that there is nothing they can Mosque in Singapore the Muez- read when they have first zin, who calls Moslems to prayer learned to read. Apathy must is to be aided by loudspeakers: be overcome, and finally, appro- Instead of climbing the stairway priate lesson material must be of the minaret five times a day, provided. An adult does not en- to cup his hands to his lips and joy studying children's books. utter his weird cry, he will step

to a microphone and broadcast. East generally of a conscious- of its students are now at work Singapore Moslems opposed the ness of the world mission of in the villages and rural areas innovation at first, and there are Christianity. The larger meas- of the province. Recently, the some who have not yet become ure of responsibility which has governor of Fukien Province reconciled, but the traffic noises devolved upon the Christian has appropriated almost twentyoffered too great competition to churches in the East is every- two thousand dollars, Chinese the call from the minaret. A where apparent, notably in re- currency, to cover the full cost new machine was therefore spect to the Conference of the of extension of this rural procalled to the aid of an old cus- International Mis'sionary Coun- gram. Under the leadership of tom. -Christian Advocate. cil to be held in Hangchow in Dr. Francis Chen, the Univer- the Spring of 1938. The West- sity is now finding many new CHINA ern sense of world mission is avenues of service to every part broadening into a universal of the province. A New Man ·Christian fellowship, with a conscious world vocation in the Chinese Mission Control Here is a transformation that service of Christ. followed a reading of the prodi- On April 1, the American gal's return. A villager had Soochow University Methodist Episcopal Mis s ion been a lazy, worthless dope blazed a new trail with a profiend, had spent his life mis- President Y. C. Yang, of Soo- posal that mission property be treating his family and spend- chow University, lists some placed under Chinese ownership ing their substance on opium. achievements among the insti- and control. Now the people of the village tution's graduates to show the see him going to the fields every vital part it is taking in helping The sixth quadrennial East day with a hoe, have noticed that to Christianize the intellectual Asia Conference named a board his vocabulary has radically current in China. to study the project under which changed, and that even the tone church m iss ion properties, of his voice is different. He is Many of the University's former widely scattered in China and most thoughtful of his mother. students and graduates are now serv- having an estimated value of His neighbors know he must ing their country in positions of prom- $5,000,000, would be transhave been able to do an almost inence and leadership. In the field of ferred. The proposal is the first impossible thing to break off the law and governmnt, the new Constitu- of its kind advanced in any fordrug habit. tion of China, which is to be submitted eign mission in China. It will to the People's AssemJly for adoption, be submitted to the highest au- When asked how he did it he was drafted by the principal of our thorities of the mission in the says he sings hymns and reads Law School and one of our own grad- United States for final decision. over and over about Jesus. He uates. In the financial world, the says he wants to go to summer managers of the Bank of China in Soldiers Sweep Streets school where he can study the Shanghai, Nanking and Hongkong Bible and be able to explain it to are all former Soochow students. In The Rev. E. H. Forster, of the people of his village. His the field of social religious service, Yangchow, China, writes in The neighbors corroborate every- five of the largest and most important Churchman of some things obthing he says. What started Y. M. C. A. associations-Nanking, served during a visit to the city this revolution in him? He says Shanghai, Soochow, Hangchow and of Paoying, especially among the he heard an evangelist tell the Swatow-are all Soochow graduates. soldiers. The m.ayor was edustory of the father who had two In the field of education, three out of cated in England, representative sons, of how one went off into the eleven men now serving as presi- of the new type of officials with the far country, of how the fa- dents of Christian colleges and uni- which the government is trying ther watched and longed for his versities in China, and the first presi- to supplant the old. The city has return, and bf how finally the son dent of the Central Government Uni- an institution for the cure of saw his great folly and went versity are Soochow alumni. In the drug addicts, where the Chinese back home. -World, Outlook. field of religion, Dr. Z. T. Kaung, pas- physician in charge is a church- tor of our great Moore Memorial man, son of a clergyman in Will Missions Shift Emphasis? Church, Shanghai, and chairman of Ningpo. the Executive Council of the China The editor of the Chinese Re- Conference; Mr. Z. S. Zia, general He was also impressed with corder believes that the mission- secretary of our Board of Christian the bearing and personal appearary enterprise is shifting from Education; Dr. T. C. Chao, dean of ance of the soldiers. They were a world mission with its drive the School of Religion of Yen~Ching a well dressed, well set-up group centered in the West, to one University, and Mr. Z. K. Zia, Chinese of men, who showed in their world-wide in drive as well as editor of the China Christian Litera- manner that they were accusin scope. A corresponding weak- ture Society, are all graduates of Soo- tomed to discipline. "I was even ening in the West of the Chris- chow University. more impressed," he says, "when tian sense of world mission he I saw them sweeping the streets, considers is apparent, but is -World Outlook. leveling and paving roads, and compensated in a measure by the effecting many improvements in emergence in China and in the Rural Reconstruction the appearance of the city. I In response to requests of both people and government, Fukien Christian University is putting increased emphasis on rural reconstruction. This is not a new departure, for many

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

:found that many of the officers port, "to imagine a more pitiable Evangelistic Band during the were Christians, that they took crowd of men. They had only past three decades. This indegood care of their men, that they rags for clothing, supplemented pendent church, exercising all held regular religious services to by straw packing, or anything the functions of an indigenous which the men in the ranks were else, that would give them a society, such as self-support, invited. In view of this experi- modicum of warmth." Of sev- self-government, and self-exten- ence I could not help feeling that enteen admitted to the hospital, sion, will relieve the parent or- this sort of army discipline and seven died within a few days. ganization of the heavy respon- life could not but be a very val- Some of the men professed con- sibilities of caring for estab- uable training for thousands of version. Most of these men lished churches, and permit it men in China, provided they were suffering from typhus or to devote its energies directly to could always be used for con- tuberculosis, in addition to gun- the evangelization of unreached structive instead of destructive shot wounds. communities. service." Work among lepers has repre- A Nation of Readers sented the main activity of the Medicine by Trailer Hospital. At one time they had Japan Today and Tomorrow 76 inmates. The increase last says that of 30,347 books pub- The "trailer" has come to year was made up mainly of Ti- lished the past year in Japan, China! Dr. W. H. Dobson, of those concerned with education Yeungkong, whose 39 years in betans. Fifteen lepers were head the list, followed by books China have not dimmed his abil- baptized last summer, seven be- on politics, economics and the ity to recognize and seize every ing Tibetans. Christian lepers new idea that would aid him in have contributed toward the home. Books on religion are his medical work, is starting out work. -China's MiUions. also increasingly popular; there to spend several months in coun- Siushan Joins the World was an increase of 257 over the try districts with his trailer, previous year. It is not indi- holding clinics in villages where For the first time in history a cated how many dealt with there is still need for spreading motor bus came to the very gates Christianity, but it is probable knowledge of modern medicine. of the hoary city of Siushan, that these increased in propor- Despite many years of Christian Szechuan, West China, a Chris- tion with those on other relimedical missions, and the in- tian Alliance station. The news gions. creasing number of government of this great event spread rap- Magazines are increasingly hospitals, rural dis t ric t s in idly throughout the town, and popular. At the end of 1934, China are still sorely neglected. steady streams of people flowed Japan had 947 magazines; 25 After ancient Chinese medical to and from this curious new were devoted to religion, 102 practice has left them in a hope- object. The car came to the were concerned with education. less condition, too many patients edge of the city wall at the south Magazines having the largest are brought to the mission hos- gate; spectators lined the top of circulation were those on poppital in Yeungkong as a last re- the wall, while others crowded ular recreations, with women's sort. Dr. Dobson is now under- about the car to give it a thor- magazines second and children's taking preventive as well as ough "once over." third.

curative medicine. In a short time cars should be A Language Without -Monday Morning. able to get through to Lungtan Profanity and Yuyang, while within a few Borden Hospital in Kansu months they should get through The Japanese language is the to Pengshui and on to Chung- only language in the world, says Borden Memorial Hospital at king. This motor road heralds the Christian Union Herald, in Lanchow accepts disturbances a new day. In a most providen- which there is not a profane as a matter of course, and finds tial way it touches at three main word. Although thousands of many opportunities interwoven stations and will link us directly with them. The number of with Chungking in the west and expressions and phrases have Tibetan patients has been larger Changsha in the east. Time, been absorbed from other lanthan usual, there being at one money and missionaries' health guages, the native tongue retime an average of fifteen Ti- will be conserved. betans with them. Towards the mains clean and wholesome. To end of the year there were many -The Frontier. be profane is the worst thing hundreds of Communist prison- that any man, over there, can do. ers of war camped in a temple JAPAN-OHOSEN He realizes it, and knows that if not far away. The Chinese Gov- he indulges in profanity picked ernment asked our friends at the New Ohurch Formed hospital to give these men med- up from foreigners, he will be The Japan Church of Jesus ostracized by his friends, his Christ is a new organization, neighbors and his own family.

ical attention. The government formed by the merger of several "On the Air" in Yokohama hospital was filled and others groups of believers which have had refused them. "It would be grown up as a result of the evan- Recently Baptists in Japan difficult," says the Hospital Re- gelizing efforts of the Japan had their first opportunity to

broadcast a Sunday morning laboring under heavy burdens has been a direct result of the church service, and it came to and wish to hear Christ's loving new spiritual life received from the Kanagawa Church in Yoko- call come without hesitation to these times of study and fellowhama. The Sunday morning the Uchinomaki Church." He ship. Two of the girls who at- feature of the radio network is came, deeply convicted of his tended from Ronna returned usually Buddhist. sins, and joyfully accepted with the message: "Today is the The time allotted in this in- Christ as his Saviour. day of salvation." They went stance was 40 minutes, but pas- -The Dawn. from house to house and from tor Kawamata decided to use relative to relative, insisting only 30, in order to leave the Trials in Korea upon the claims of the Gospel final ten minutes for meditation Korea is not escaping certain message. As a result of their before somethins- else went on disruptive effects of material- efforts seven new members have the air. His sermon was on the been won during the past few subject, "Praise Be to God." ism, and the fine edge of spir- months. The plan of follow-up ituality is blunted in places by after the institute to be held in -Missions. politics and factious jealousies. October is to hold other insti- Nevertheless, the whole Prot- tutes in each of the districts, Better Understanding thus keeping up the interest and With China estant Church advanced last the impetus. Never before has year. The "shrine question" this field been so well manned An interesting exchange of with native pastors. amenities has been made be- has hindered the quiet growth of tween the National Christian the Church and continues to be -Philippine Presbyterian. Councils of Japan and China. perturbing. Missionary opinion The Japan Council voted to send Manila Union High School a statement to the Chinese is divided, some accepting the Christian b6dy calling attention Government General's assurance The Union High School of to the testimony of both history Manila has completed seventeen and topography "that the rela- that attendance of scholars at the years as a separate institution. tions of these two nations, each shrines is not a religious but It presents unrivalled opportuniwith the other, ought to be more ties for the development of intimate than with the other simply a patriotic act. The Christian ideals and character powers"; 'and urging "that larger number, however, main- among its students. Each stuthrough mutual conference a tain that the services are reli- dent is considered as a responsuitable place and time may be gious, notwithstanding the offi- sibility given to the school for chosen where we can kneel to- spiritual training. Each soul gether in the presence of our cial statement. The missions affords an opportunity for per- Lord, deepen the fellowship with these represent have decided to sonal interest on the part of the one another and seek for God's withdraw from secular educa- teachers. To meet this great fullest guidance to the end that opportunity three religious edua spiritual reapproachment and tional work, which will affect cation classes and two chapel unity may be brought about be- 25,000 pupils. The Government services are conducted each tween our two peoples." Ac- week. In addition, a week of cording to news dispatches, the educational provision is only for special evangelistic services fol- China Council has received the about twenty per cent of chil- lowed, when many students petition with sympathy and the dren of school age. Much will made new resolutions as to their depend upon the action of the Korean National Churches; but a concerted decision is not easy, as meetings to discuss the ques- tion are not permitted by the authorities.

-World Dominion Press.

Chinese have expressed willing- manner of living and personal ness to meet their Japanese ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC relationship to Christ.

brethren in any such conference On Cebu Island Three Siamese students are of mutual respect. enrolled. One was brought up In the Cebu field, P. I., 242 in the royal palace. Though a -The Christian Century. have been received into the Buddhist by birth, he is no churches on profession of faith Would-be Suicide during the past year, and eleven longer a Buddhist at heart. He places have been opened to the A pickle merchant of Omuta Gospel. This does not mean has said that he wants to worlost heart because of family places where occasional visits ship the true God. Recently, troubles, and decided to plunge are made, but places where reginto the crater of Mount Aso, a ular services have been estab- when told that he had passed in volcano. But face to face with lished, and a group of baptized all his subjects he said it was death he could find no peace. As God who had helped him, as he prayed to Him every day.

he lay on the ground near the believers is carrying on by Chinese Christians in Hawaii crater, he saw written on a post: themselves. Four ten-day Chris- "Come unto me, all ye that labor tian workers' institutes have Bishop Willis, of Hawaii, says and are heavy laden, and I will been conducted, with an average that Chinese Christians stand give you rest." Then the follow- attendance of 69 students. We out in two particulars. One is ing words: "Let any who are believe that much of the advance the friendly Christian fellowship

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

within their own congregation. to July 1, for the study of the understanding, social service, the movies, the radio, personality They are constantly giving so-, subjects: Christianity and the and religion.

cial entertainments, particularly totalitarian State, the conscien- -The Living Church.

Chinese dinners and chop suey tious objector, the League of "Dithering"

meals, which bring their mem- Nations, sanctions and interna- Some one has written an ar- ticle on "Diseases of the Mission bers together when there are tional police. In England, Scot- Field," the most serious being what he calls "dithering." A parish meetings, confirmations land and America cooperation writer in The Chronicle shows how serious this may be. and baptisms. with the Fellowship of Recon- You start o.ut determined to show The other particular is their ciliation in several countries has the carpenter how to set out a window sash. Before you have gone a dozen missionary interest which keeps been secured. The office of the steps you are pounced upon by a man with eggs fo.r sale. You inform him them in close touch with church International Union is at Am- that the cook buys the eggs; he then offers you chickens, and you tell him work in China. They have given merstol, Holland. that the cook buys these too. But an- other man has seen you, and bears largely toward the endowment -International Christian down with a request to. be sent somein the Shensi diocese, for famine Press. where to fetch a load of something. relief and other special needs in You answer him that you don't want a load of anything brought from any- China. When the day school Catholic World Missions where, whereupo.n he says he wants to children heard of the recent buy a Bible. Of course you have to martyrdom of the catechist, The Roman Catholic Church sell him that but you find he has only Huang Han-Tsang, killed by has 340 seminaries in its major half the necessary money. He says bandits near Hankow, they mission fields with 18,541 stu- he will bring the balance in beans, and dents for the priesthood. China so the transaction is temporarily in raised $100 for his family. abeyance. has 4,361; India, 1,801; Indo- -The Churchman. China, 2,237 ; Africa, 4,260 ; Fearing the .:arpenter may have made the window sash according to Missionaries Televised Japan and Korea, 669; the his o.wn ideas, you dash toward the islands of the Pacific, 47l. shop. But a bricklayer, building a The British Weekly recently There are 500 separate Roman cottage for a medical orderly, interhad an interesting account of Catholic missions in the foreign cepts to ask where exactly to put the missionaries on furlough being mission fields, so that the con- window frames. You realize with a televised in London. sickening feeling that you have not tention that this Church presents yet marked the exact position of these frames. They are pro.bably building In an hour's television program one front is not quite accurate, them all in on the windward wall, in last week there were two exceptionally which case the medical orderly will interesting missionary items. One especially as the cooperative never, never open the windows. You councils of Protestant missions dash off and find that your surmise was an interview with Bishop Flem- are banding themselves closer is absolutely correct. Directing labor ing of the Arctic, while on the other and closer together in a world- in Africa is largely a matter of go- ing to. see what So-and-so is doing, the interviewer talked with that amaz- and telling him not to. At last you may (or again you may not) arrive ing trio of women, Miss Mildred Cable wide organization already su- at the shop and find the carpenter' and the two Misses French, of the happily pegging together the window China Inland Mission. They had perior in many ways to the sash-an almost perfect rhombus. Topsy, their little Mongolian deaf and so-called "united front" of the WHAT WILL HELP YOU? dumb friend, with them. They looked Roman Catholic Church. on the experience of being televised Many readers have sent us reports as an adventure not unworthy o.f a -The World Today. of their Metho.ds for promoting mis- sionary interest; others have exparty of women who had recently Girls' Friendly Society pressed their gratitude for the help given in our "Ways of Working" Decrossed the Gobi Desert for the fifth partment. Is there some special way in which we can help you in planning time, and told their hearers very The Girls' Friendly Society is your work for the promotion of missportingly and vividly how they trav- sionary interest in yo.ur church, your society, the Sunday school or home, elled, what they carried with them, one of the most active and vig- or among other groups? What would why they went, and the sort of things orous organizations, of the Epis- you find most useful in the way of program material and suggestions, that happened to them on the way. copal Church. Founded 60 years literature, sermonic and illustrated They themselves were tremendously ago, it now has a membership of material, o.r methods of stimulating interested in all that went o.n in the missionary interest in children? Please forward your questions or requests to studio, and seemed quite unperturbed 29,000, with 900 branches in the Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison, Granville, when a camera, looking more like a United States, the Philippine Ohio. tank and manned by four men, would Islands, Puerto Rico, Panama, suddenly begin to bear down on them for a close up while they talked. The Japan and China. The Society first missionary to be televised was provides a varied and balanced the 83-year-old Archdeacon Batchelo.r of Hokkaido. program of worship, study, rec- reation, social service and serv- Antimilitarist Congress ice to the Church for girls and young women. Its twofold task The Executive Comittee of is the development of character the International Union of Anti- and friendship in loyalty to the militarist Ministers and Clergy- Church, and the arousing of an men, which has branches in Hol- intelligent interest in and underland, Switzerland, Eng I and, standing of the issues of the Scotland, France, Sweden, Nor- world today. Under the general way and Denmark has decided theme of Christian Citizenship, to hold the fourth international study is given to such vital probcongress in Edinburgh, June 29 lems as world peace, interracial Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information GOOD BOOKS ON RURAL AMERICA COMPILED AND ANNOTATED BY DR. BENSON Y. LANDIS, Associate Secretary of Department of Research and Education, Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America Rebuilding Rural America. By Mark plan of church work adapted to United Churches. By Elizabeth R. A. Dawber. New York, Missionary that culture. Hooker. New York, Harper & Education Movement. 215 pp. $1.00, Brothers. 1926. 306 pp. $1.75. cloth; paper, 60 cents. Industrial Village Churches. By Edmund deS. Brunner. New York, A most adequate study of A comprehensive discussion Harper & Brothers. 1930. 205 pp. types of community churches in dealing with our c han gin g $1.50. town and country areas. American rural life and the ways and means being used by Studies of representative com- The Rural Church and Cooperative the Church to rebuild rural munities and churches. Extension Work. By H. W. Hoch- America and to give it spiritual baum. Washington,Department of ideals. Religion in the Highlands. By E. R. Agriculture, Circular 57. 1929. Hooker. With a section on Mis- 25 pp. The Christ of the Countryside. By sionary and Philanthropic Schools Malcolm Dana. Nashville, Tenn., by Fannie W. Dunn. New York, Instances of cooperation. Cokesbury Press. $1.00. the Home Missions Council, 105 E. 22d St. 1933. 319 pp. $1.00. The Community Church. By David A popular treatment of well- Piper. Chicago, Willett, Clark & known portions of the Bible re- Native churches and mission- Co. 1928. 158 pp. $1.00. vealing the rural setting and the ary enterprises in the southern rural significance of its themes. Appalachian area. An interpretation of the com- munity church movement by a The Country Church As It Is. By Statesmanship and Religion. By participant. A. J. W. Myers and Edwin E. Sundt. New York, Fleming H. Revell Co. Henry A. Wallace. New York, Community Religion and the Denom- 1930. 189 pp. $1.50. inational Heritage. By J. R. Har- Round Table Press. 1934. 139 pp. greaves and others. New York, A unique book presenting case Harper & Brothers. 1930. 150 pp. histories of fifteen parishes. $2.00. – $1.00.

The Country Church and Public Af- The part of religion in bring- Treatise on the uniqueness of fairs. Edited by Henry W. Mc- ing about a social control that various religious bodies. Laughlin. New York, The Mac- will mean social justice. millan Company. 1930. 260 pp. Y. M. C. A. in Town and Country. $2.00. ****** By Henry Israel. New York, As- sociation Press. 1929. 116 pp. Comprehensive discussions at The Larger Parish-A Movement or $2.00. the Institute of Public Affairs, an Enthusiasm? By Edmund deS. Virginia. Brunner. New York, Harper & Proceedings of a national con- Brothers. 1934. 95 pp. 50 cents. ference on the rural Y. M. C. A. What's Right with the Rural Church. By Ralph A. Felton. Philadelphia, A study of over 100 larger ****** Presbyterian Board of Christian parishes. Education. 1930. 150 pp. Cloth, A Parish Program for Community $1.00; paper, 50 cents. The Larger Parish Plan. By Mal- Service and Family Religion. By Warren H. Wilson. New York, Popular treatment of the as- colm Dana. New York, Congrega- Board of National Missions of the sets of the rural church. tional Church Extension Boards. Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. 1930. 63 pp. 25 cents. 32 pp. 10 cents. The Farmer's Church. By Warren H. Wilson. New York, D. Apple- How Can Local Churches Coine To- A brief guide, especially for ton-Century Co. 1925. 264 pp. gether? By Elizabeth R. Hooker. the pastor. $2.00. New York, Home Missions Council, 105 E. 22d St. 1928. 82 pp. 25 Tested Methods in Town and Coun- A statement of the peculiari- cents. try Churches. By Edmund deS. ties of rural culture and of a Brunner. New York, Harper & A practical han d boo k of Brothers. 1923. 173 pp. $1.00. methods. Summarizes the programs of forty churches of distinction; Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RIlvIIlW publishers on receipt of price.

[334 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

valuable as a text for general Financing the Country Church. By resentment against the Turks. reading. The author truly has a message R. T. Baker. Richmond, Va., The of God's love and of Christian Our Templed Hills. By. Ralph A. Department of Country Church and faith and devotion, which is Felton. New York, MissIOnary Sunday School Extension. P. O. worth reading. Education Movement. 1926. 241 Box 1176. 8 pp. pp. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 25 cents. The chapter on "Yeni Che- A study course in the chang- General Reviews riler" will give many new inforing rural life and in modern Changing Russia. By F. J. Miles, mation about the J anisaries but country church methods. D.S.O. Marshall, Morgan & Scott, should be understood as a his- J tory of the 18th century and does A New Day for the Country Church.. London. Paper. 144 pp. 1s. 1936, not indicate that modern Turks bring up their children as de- By Rolvix Harlan. Nashville, Tenn. The author of this small but scribed on page thirty-four.

The Cokesbury Press. 1925. 166 significant book is International The deep spiritual life of the pp. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 20 cents. Secretary of the Russian Mis- author's father and mother will Brimming with practical sug- sionary Society in England. In be a revelation to many Amergestions; bound to give the connection with the British and ican Christians. This interest- ing bit of history and Christian reader a wide vision of the task Continental Touring Club, he autobiography leaves one with of the local church. has made many visits to Russia, having exceptional opportunities Steeples Among the Hills. By Arthur for observation. Mr. Miles an awed sense of the reality of Wentworth Hewitt. New York, God's present care of His chil- Abingdon Press. 1926. 260 pp. recognizes the good things that $1.50. the Soviet Government has done, dren. CLARENCE D. USSHER.

A narrative of experience by but he confirms the current im- Alaskan Adventures. By Loyal L. one of the best-known country pression that it is making re- Wirt. IlIus. 8vo. 124 pp.. $1.50. ministers. lentless war, not against any Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. particular church, but against 1937.

The Social Work of the Churches. all religion. "A determined at- Here are stirring, and at times Edited by F. Ernest Johnson. New tempt is being made to raise a exciting, tales of pioneer days in Alaska-of daring journeys by York, The Federal Council of nation of atheists." Apparently snowshoe and dogteam over the snow- and ice-covered mountains Churches. 1930. 238 pp. Cloth, he wrote his book before the and down dangerous rapids. $1.25; paper, $1.00. Dr. Wirt made his first trek with promulgation of the new consti- miners over the White Pass in 1899. Then he returned to civ- A handbook of information. tution, but its assurance of ilization to bring food, medicine, lumber and nurses to Anvil City "free-dom of religious worship" (Nome)-only to have the sup- plies lost in a storm at sea. Religious Education in the Rural means nothing, for a pastor can- Again Dr. Wirt started alone as Church. By Henry W. McLaughlin. the first white man to cross New York, Fleming H. Revell Com- not preach outside of his own Alaska by dogteam in the win- pany. 1931. 224 pp. $1.50. pulpit and cannot teach religion ter. This time he was success- to groups of young people under ful in getting help from the A compilation of the papers presented at the Virginia Insti- eighteen years of age. Most of United States Government. tute of Public Affairs. the normal activities of a church Boys will enjoy this tale of ad- are prohibited. School teachers venture, vividly described, and a thrilling story of the faithful The Episcopal Church in Town and are not permitted to attend any dog, "Whiskers." Sandwiched Country. By Goodrich R. .!'enner. church and the Bible cannot be in with the tale of adventure are slices of information about New York, National Council, Prot- printed or circulated. Many wolves, Eskimo dogs,' Eskimo estant Episcopal Church. 1935. churches have been closed and men and women, courtship, home 160 pp. Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 life, babies, tribal dances, supercents. those that remain open are be- stitions and gold seekers. Most of the incidents and facts might ing strangled by heavy taxes. have been woven into the story more skilfully but they add to Village Sermons by a Novelist. By Meantime, unrestricted anti- the wealth and interest of the Gustav Frenssen. New York, D. "Alaskan treasurehouse." Dr. Appleton-Century Co., 1924. 162 religious propoganda is openly Wirt makes us realize what pp. $1.50. sponsored by the Government. hardships men will endure for It is a tragic story that moves gold and that followers of Christ A noted Scandinavian novelist the reader to respond to the aupreaches a series of sermons, thor's plea for prayer. using rural materials. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Services for the Open. By L. 1. Mat- My Beloved Armenia. By Marie S. Banker. 205 pp. $1.25. B.!. C. A. toon and H. D. Bragdon. New York, Chicago. 1936. D. Appleton-Century Co. 1923. 212 pp. $1.50.

Suitable religious services for While this book contains various occasions. stories of "Turkish atrocities," Manual for County and Local Coun- the authenticity of which I would cils of Religious Education. Chi- not dispute, it was refreshing to cago, The International Council of Religious Education, 203 N. Wa- find that the book has been writ- bash Ave. 1932. 64 pp. 25 cents. ten more to give a constructive Gospel message than to arouse

will endure as much or more in the evils from which we suffer, Jungle Friends. By the Bishop of the service of their Master-and not only in Japan but in Amer- Rangoon. 63 pp. 18. S. P. G. with no thought of material re- London. 1937. ward. ica. These thirteen true stories of Morocco in Mufti. By James Hal- North Pacific. By Edward Weber people and incidents in Burmese dane. 8vo. 231 pp. 68. Arthur Allen. 282 pp. Map and sixty-five villages form the second in a H. Stockwell, Ltd. London. 1937. illustrations. Professional and series of character sketches, the Technical Press, New York. 1936. first being "Jungle Folk." These are vivid pen pictures of life in Morocco, that quaint This is an unusually interest- H. H. F. land of mountains and markets, ing book of travel and observafanatical Moslems and strange tion in Alaska, western Canada, The Father and His Sons. By A. B. unconquered tribes. Japan and eastern Siberia, by a L. Karney. 68 pp. 18. S. P. G., man who sees intelligently and London. 1937. "Your European civilization, knows how to tell what he sees. like a pair of shears, is snipping As United States Commissioner The author states that he has away the glory we won by sword and Secretary of the Internaand book," said an intelligent tional Fisheries Commission he found so much help from the Moor of the old school. In this describes a tour from San Fran- descriptive volume we see the cisco to Alaska, the Aleutian story of the Prodigal Son, and old contrasted with the new-in Islands to Kamchatka, south- business, in culture and in reli- ward along the Kurile Islands to has returned to it so often that .gion. Mr. Haldane, a Christian Japan, and back to San Franmissionary, gives. us a brief but cisco – a complete circle of the he believes it worth while to very readable story of Morocco's lands bordering the northern history, with his views of the Pacific Ocean. His experiences share some interpretations found present conditions, Moslem be- were varied and he gives a liefs and strange customs, life wealth of information about in it. There is much to ponder among villagers, mountaineers fisheries, the resources of Alaska and city dwelle~s, and mission- and the numerous people that he over in his discussion of this ary work among them. Mr. met. References to mission- Haldane has used some unusual aries and missionary work are immortal parable as related to opportunities to understand Mos- warmly sympathetic, particulems and conducts an interesting larly in Alaska where he makes many modern problems-home work with Moorish boys. He is special mention of such notable a valuable guide to those who Christian workers as William life, dangers threatening the would visit Morocco and know Duncan, Sheldon Jackson, W. T. the Moors. Lapp, Bishop Peter Trimble church, the State, the lack of Rowe, Archdeacon H u d son Kagawa Pamphlets: Stuck, S. Hall Young, and missionary interest, the situa- others. A bibliography and a Kagawa in Australia and New Zea- tion in Germany, Italy, and other land copious index add to the value of this attractive volume. topics. H. H. F. Kagawa in Lincoln's Land (United States) ARTHUR J. BROWN. Frances Ridley HavergaI. By Esther E. Enock. 95 pp. 18. Pickering Kagawa Calendar (Printed in & Inglis, London. 1936. Japan) The development in the Chris- Kagawa on Christian Brotherhood tian life is traced in this biog- These pamphlets set forth Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa's Christian raphy of one of the world's bestphilosophy and economic plans. He believes that Christ, as the known hymn writers, together Son of God and Saviour of men through His death on the Cross, with incidents of the period in also teaches the way of brotherhood, peace and economic justice which she lived (1836-1879) and that His principles and teachings should be put into and her relationships with other practice in daily life, with Christlike self-sacrifice and love Christian leaders, among them of equal opportunity. Kagawa has himself led the way in what Dwight L. Moody and Ira D. he conceives to be Christ's way. This program, if put into opera- Sankey. H. H. F. tion by truly regenerated men, would doubtless correct many of Awake I An African Calling. 55 pp. Follow Me. By Una Roberts Law- 18. Church Missionary Society. rence. 95 pp. Baptist Home Mis- sion Board, Atlanta, Ga. 1936. London. 1937. This brief analysis of certain Blasio Kigozi, a young Afri- home mission problems in the can evangelist of Uganda, died South, in Cuba and Panama, is last year at the beginning of a a summary of tasks in unevan- promising career. Missionaries gelized areas; and an outline had counted on his help in a re- for the study of the situation in vival in the Church of Uganda the various departments of and Blasio had spent months Southern Baptist Home Mis- in preparing "three points": sions. H. H. F.

(1) The cause of deadness in the Church; (2) Attendance of Through Stormy Seas. By Capt. E. G. Carre. 96 pp. 18. Pickering open sinners at the communion; & Inglis. London. 1937.

(3) How bring a revival? He The personal experiences of a British sea captain have to do wanted to arouse the clergy to with the transforming power of prayer. spend less time in raising funds and more in searching their per- sonallives. H. H. F.

Book. Just Like You Stories. Lucy W. Pea- his 86th year. His father, the

body. 186 pp. Illus. $1.50. M. H. William Ashmore, a missionary in About the Old Faith. Henry W. Leavis. Boston. China for 53 years, died in 1909. To- Frost. 128pp. $1.25. Revell. gether, father and son gave over 100 New York. Mothers Union and S. P. G. Report. years to China. On the son's 75th 2d. 16 pp. S. P. G. London. birthday at Swatow, he finished the Bush Aglow-Life of D. L. Moody. third revision of the entire Bible, Richard E. Day. 331 pp. $2.00. The New Walk. Capt. Reginald translated from their original tongues Judson Press. Philadelphia. Wallis. 40 cents. A. B. C. Assn. into the Swatow colloquial. Philadelphia. Consider Him. Vance Havner. 100 Deaconess E'l"len'" La'"khshmi Goreh, pp. $1.50. American Bible Con- The Road to Victory. C. M. S. Re- ference Assn. Philadelphia. port for 1936-7. 6d. C. M. S. who died January 11 in Cawnpore, London. India, at the age of 83, had a remark- Church Militant. Popular Report, able career. Her father was a con- 170 pp., 6d.; Official Report, 240 The Romance of a Doctor's Visit. vert from Brahminism. Left mother- pp., 18. S. P. G. in F. P. London. Walter Lewis Wilson. ls. Pick- less in infancy, she was cared for by ering & Inglis. London. missionaries and later educated in Except Ye Repent. Harry A. Iron- sides. 191 pp. $1.50. American Unity in Diversity. Report of Friends Tract Society. New York. Service Council 1936. London.

Evangelical Handbook of Latin What Is This Moslem World. Charles England; became active in social America. 120 pp. 4s. World Do- R. Watson. 204 pp. $1.00. M. E. M. work and eventually returned to In- minion Press. London. New York. dia as a Zenana Mission worker. AS author of the poem, "In the Secret of Follow Me. Una Roberts Lawrence. The Young Moslem Looks at Life. His Presence," she was known far 96 pp. Home Mission Board. At- Murray T. Titus. 178 pp. $1.00, beyond India. lanta, Ga. cloth; 60 cents, paper. Friendship Press. New York. The Rev. H'"enr'"y C'" . Ostrom, for The Heart of the Christian Faith. Francis Shunk Downs. 209 pp. A Missionary Looks at His Job. W. twenty-five years a missionary of the $1.50. American Tract Society. J. Culshaw. 144 pp. 2s. Student Presbyterian Church (South) in Ja- New York. Christian Movement Press. London. pan, died in Kobe on January 20. He was a consecrated and gifted mission- Hadramaut – Its Challenge. W. H. Christ's Way and the World's in ary, being acquainted with nine lan- Storm. 8 pp. 2d. World Dominion Church, State and Society. Henry guages. He was born of Lutheran Press. London. Smith Leiper. 144 pp. 65 cents parents at Lockport, Illinois, on De- and 90 cents. Abingdon Press. cember 4, 1876, and after graduating Indians Today. Edited by Marion E. New York. Gridley. 128 pp. $2.50. Indian Council Fire. Chicago. from college at the age of 18 he went to Germany to study music. Later he Living Religion. Hornell Hart. 260 Obituary Not•• attended Princeton Theological Sem- pp. Abingdon Press. New York. (Concluded fro?n 2d cover.) inary and went to Japan as a mission- Missionary Romance in Morocco. ary in 1911. On his first furlough he J ames Haldane. 189 pp. 2s. 6d. Bishop W. F. McDowell, retired, was traveling secretary of the Stu- Pickering & Inglis. London. of the Methodist Episcopal Church, dent Volunteer Movement. died on April 26 at 79 years of a~e. – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Missionary Illustrations. Alva C. J!}pmn~ Bowers. 154 pp. $1.50. Revell. He was born in Millersburg, OhIO, New York. February 4, 1858, the son of David A. l.l McDowell; was educated at Ohio 0f tbt None Other Gods. W. A. Visser 't Wesleyan and Boston University, be- Hooft. 185 pp. Harpers Bros. ing ordained to the ministry in 1882. New York. After pastorates in Ohio, he was cvhear,nc1e8l9lo0r-9o9f, stheecreUtnarivyerosfitytheofMDeetnh– .ftr-'brt't'itt'an Poems of a Persian Sufi. Baba Tabis. ~ l.l Translated by Arthur J. Arberry. 7J4f. t'ft W. Heffer & Sons. London. odist Board of Education for five years and in 1904 elected bishop of The Triune God. C. Norman Bart- the Methodist Episcopal Church. lett. 191 pp. $1.50. American eA. Bishop McDowell was widely known Tract Society. New York. BOOK of worship in song, com- as a speaker, lecturer and author but Two Missionary Voyages. Thomas chiefly for his work in behalf of tem- bining a hymnal for general Thompson. 90 pp. lB. S. P. G. in Foreign Parts. London. perance and public morals. church use, and a song book for evan- Unity in Diversity. Report of Friends '" '" '" gelistic purposes. Only songs sound Service Council, 1936. London. in the faith and inspirational in char- The Rev. Dr. James Shepard Kit- With Christ in Africa. D. A. Mc- tell, for the past ten years secretary acter included—emphasizing Evangel- Donald. 158 pp. 28. 6d. Marshall, of the Board of Domestic Missions of ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Morgan & Scott. London. $1.00. the Reformed Church in America, died Zondervan Pub. House, Grand in New York at 64 years of age. Dr. Many of the new—the best of the old. Rapids, Mich. Kittell was born at Hamilton, Ont., a 504 Songs Responsive Readings Mecca and Beyond. Edward M. and son of John and Jane Drysdale Kittell, Rose W. Dodd. 220 pp. 50 cents, Topical Index Gold Embossed paper; $1.00, cloth. Central Com- mittee on the United Study of For- and came to the United States when Published in round notes and Roxite cloth eign Missions. Boston. seven years old. He attended Alle- edition only at $65.00 per 100—an especially gheny College and the Western The- low price. Single copy, 85c postpaid. The Cross of Christ. George P. Pier- ological Seminary, was ordained in son. 173 pp. $1.50. American 1903, and after filling several charges Write today for returnable sample copy Tract Society. New York. CRUSADE SONqS in Congregational churches, he became The Christian Evangel. John Mc- Nicol. 91 pp. $1.50. American pastor of the First Reformed Church Tract Society. New York. of Albany, 1907-21. In 1913, Dr. Kit- C/l CHOICE selection of 105 hymns and tell was president of the General The Israel Promises and Their Ful- Synod of the Reformed Church in choruses for Revival Services, Bible Con- filment. Samuel Hinds Wilkinson. America. ferences, and Missionary Conventions. 196 pp. 88. 6d. John Bale, Sons and Danielson. London. '" '" '" Strong manila binding, 15c each; Dr. William Ashmore, for forty- $12.50 per 100. Carriage extra.

eight years a missionary of the Amer- ican Baptist Foreign Society in China, who retired in 1927, passed away on March 11 in Santa Ana, California, in

Partnerships and Hssured

During seventy-five years The American Baptist Home Mission Society has encouraged its friends to have a share in the development of Christian Missions in the United States and Latin America through Annuity Gifts to the Society.

These gifts have amounted to over Three Million Dollars, while in the same period the Society has paid over Two Million Dollars to annuitants and has used for its general work or added to its permanent funds over One Million Five Hundred Thousand Dollars released by deaths of beneficiaries. In no instance during three quarters of a century has the Society failed to make a payment to an Annuitant according to agreement.

Inquiries concerning ANNmTIES AND LEGACIES may be addressed to SAMUEL BRYANT, Treasurer THE AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY 23 East 26th Street New York City ORDER THE SPECIAL "MOSLEM NUMBER"

OF THE MISSIONARY ~~WORID This October Issue will contain articles on CHRIST AND THE MOSLEM WORLD Why Take Christ to Moslems? Samuel M. Zwemer The Gospel for Mohammedans W. Wilson Cash Present-day Trends in Islam Edward C. Dodd Moslem Reactions to Christ My Experience with Moslems . James Haldane Christ and Moslem Homes . Frank C. Laubach What Christ Has Done for Me Eleanor Calverley A Sermon by a Former Moslem . S. Khoobyar Saee'd Kurdistani and others—with maps and illustrations ORDER COPIES IN ADVANCE FOR YOURSELF AND MISSION STUDY CLASSES 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1937

1937

India Advances in Politics and Religion J. R. Edwards When a Korean Magistrate Went to Church William Scott A Chinese Concubine Tells Her Story James P. Leynse A Caravan in the Australian Bush Marjorie A. Burton An African View of Africa's Needs s. s. Tema A Golden Anniversary in Evangelism A. C. Snead Youth and the Christian Frontier Charles A. Platt 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember THE IDEAL GIFT AT ALL

May ll–General Conference, United Brethren in Christ, Chambersburg, Pa. GOD'S MINUTE ••• May 18-21- National Convention of Here is a marvelous collection of 365 Daily Prayers. A Spiritual the Evangelical Women's Union, each 60 seconds long. written by 365 of the most emi. thoughtfor St. Louis, Mo. nent preachers and laymen in the world. Cloth. 60 every day cents; Limp Leatherette. $1.00; Art Leather. $1.50. May 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- • vention, Philadelphia, Pa. GOD'S MESSAGE •• A daily May 26 – General Assembly, United 365 prominent clergymen have chosen their favorite Presbyterian Church, Oak Park, Dl. Scripture passage. and, with this as a text. have written reminder of a Message that quickens faith. brings comfort. Cloth. May 27 – General Assembly, Presby- the giver terian Church in U. S. A., Colum- bus, Ohio. 60 cents; Limp Leatherette. $1.00; Art Leather. $1.50.

June 3, 1937-General Synod, Re- Iiii_ _ _ _ _ THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bid"" Phil•• formed Church in America, Asbury Park, N. J. would have retired as secretary for active service in 1982, he had spent rural church work of the Presbyterian his time in translating and editing. . June 3-8, 1937 – World's Woman's Board of National Missions. Dr. Christian Temperance Union, Wash- Warren H. Wilson was born on May A PLEA FOR THE "IMPRAC- ington, D. C. 1, 1867, at Tidioute, Warren County, TICAL" Pa. He received the B.A. degree from June 23-30, 1937 – Alliance of Re- Oberlin in 1890, the B.D. from Union Men said Jesus was "impractical." formed Churches Throughout the Theological Seminary in 1894, and World Holding the Presbyterian was ordained to the Presbyterian min- He preached a Gospel which men System, Montreal, Canada. istry. Dr. Wilson's first charge was Christ's Church at Quaker Hill, N. Y., called too idealistic. July 3-10, 1931- Association of Ex- near Pawling. From there he went ecutive Secretaries of Councils of to the Arlington Avenue Church in He said: "Love your enemies." Churches and Religious Education Brooklyn, and in 1908 took charge of Employed Officers' Association, work in rural fields. He was presi- Practical men have said: "In a Lake Geneva, Wis. dent of the International Association competitive world you must be armed of Agricultural Missions from 1919 to July 7 – August 11- Winona Lake 1929. Dr. Wilson was the author of to fight tour enemies. That is the School of Theology, Winona Lake, several books on country churches and safe way.' Ind. their problems. Surviving are his The World War cost to all partici- July 16-22-World Conference on Life pants $200,000 for every bour since and Work. Oxford, England. Jesus was born. .

August 3-18 – World Conference on widow, Mrs. Pauline Elizabeth Lane The next war will probably wreck Faith and Order. Edinburgh, Wilson, and two sons. civilization. Scotland. *** Practical men have had their way August 11-22-Winona Bible Confer- for many generations. It would be ence, Winona Lake, Ind. Canon P. Stacy Waddy, Secretary worth while to try Christ's way.-The of the Society for the Propagation of Indian Social Reformer.

CONFE'RENCES AND SCHOOLS the Gospel, died in the Hospital for II If you use OF MISSIONS Tropical Diseases, London, on Feb- ruary 8. Not only the Anglican Council of Women for Home Mis- Church, but the whole cause of Chrissions and Affiliated with the tian missions, has lost a notable Committee on Women's Work, worker. Canon Waddy had just re- Foreign Missions Conference turned from a visit to the Gold Coast PRINTING of Africa and had been seriously ill June 26-July 3-Eagles Mere, Pa. with malaria on the return voyage.

July 7-15-Northfield, Mass. He was born at Carcoar, New South YOU will profit from an ac- July 17-24-Mt. Hermon, Calif. Wales, on January 8, 1875, son of quaintanceship with us. We July 19'-23-Bethesda, Ohio. Lieut.-Col. R. A. Waddy. He became do the job complete in our own Canon of St. George's Cathedral, plant. whether it be large or Jerusalem, in 1919, and was Arch- small. deacon of Palestine from 1922 to 1925, when he came to England to be- Obituary Note. come secretary of the S. P. G. While our specialty is Books, Maga.tines and Pamphlets. yet Rev. Dr. Warren Hugh Wilson, for *** we have a variety of modem almost thirty years in charge of rural equipment to meet all the rechurch work in the Presbyterian Dr. Clarence A. Barbour, president quirements of your particular Church and a leader in the efforts to of Brown University since 1929, died job. You will find our service revive rural churches, died March 2, on January 16 at his home in Provi- prompt, careful and courteous. at 69 years of age. For several dence, R. I., at the age of 69. Dr. decades Dr. Wilson had been recog- Barbour had been active for many Will you allow us to estimate nized as an authority on religious and years in educational and religious on your next printing ? We beother problems of rural life. He work. It was under his leadership lieve you will be delighted with helped to develop the "larger parish that Rochester Theological Seminary our product, price and service. system" for combining country par- merged with Colgate to form the presishes. In 1908 he was appointed by ent Colgate-Rochester Divinity School.

President Theodore Roosevelt as a *** The EVANGELICAL PRESS member of the Country Life Commis- Rev. Thomas J. Porter, S.T.D., sion. In 1930 he was sent to India Print…. of for a survey of rural life for the Na- who had served under the Presby- The Missionary Review of the Warld terian Church, U. S. A., since 1884, tional Christian Council of In4ia. In as missionary in both Persia and two months Dr. Wilson would have Brazil, died suddenly in California, PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third and Reily Streell reached the 70-year age limit and December 26. Since he retired from

MISSIONARY USED IN OVER ONE MILLION CHRISTIAN

REVIEW OF THE WORLD HURLBUT'S STORY OF THE BIBLE By.JESSE LYMAN HURLBUT. D.O. DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Recommended by all denominatlonsforitsfreshness and accuracy, for its simplicity of language, for its freedom from doctrinal discussion. VOL. LX APRIL, 1937 No.4 THE BEST GIFT FOR YOUNG AND OLD Publication and Business Office- Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. FOR TEACHERS-STUDENT8–FOR THE HOMEAND SCHOOL Editorial and Executive Office- One hundred and sixtY-<lightstories, each complete in itself, yet form- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. ing a continuous narrative of the Biblefrom Genesis to Revelation. Entered as second-class matter at Each ofthe world-old stories is told by the noted author in a manner thatia vitally interesting and instructive to young and old alike. Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. Biggest _d Best Illustrated Book Ever Sold for the Price 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Beautifully illustrated with 281 pictures in colors and in black and Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Published monthly, except August. white; over 100 famous Leinweber paintings. 759 pages. Price ..$2.00 All rights reserved. Gopyrighted 1937. British agents – Marshall, Morgan' At all bookstores or froTn the publishers and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, . .__ THE JOHN C. WINSTON CO., Winston Bldg., Philadelphia _ __ 10 shillings a year. I would simply have to drop all the Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- work I am doing in various groups. LISHING CO., INC. BOARD OF DIRECTORS Yesterday we finished a course on ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident Africa. I gave everyone 'home work' Dr. George S. McKune, President A. L. WARNSHUlS, Vice-President to do-taken mostly from THE RE- of Union Christian College of Pyeng- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary VIEW. All went at it with a real zest. yang, Chosen, has been forced by the I've 'talked' about Africa in Methodist Japanese to resign because of his re- SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT and Baptist groups also – in Xenia and neighboring towns and – once fusal to do homage before Shinto WILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN more-it has been THE REVIEW that shrines. He regarded the act as one D. J. FANT supplied most of my 'background.' I find the current issues are nearly al- of worship. In a respectful letter to MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD ways out of the library." the Governor-General, he asserted his loyalty to the government, and stated WM. B. LIPPHARD that he taught his students such ERIC M. NORTH MRS. D. WALTER FERGUSON. loyalty, but that as a Christian he SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Xenia, Ohio. could not bow in worship to the dead men whose spirits were supposed to Editorial Chat *** De present in the temple.

THE REVIEW endeavors to be up-to- CORRECT10N *** date in publishing articles on important current events and Christian The caption to the picture on page Dr. Paul deSchweinitz, for many world movements. As a matter of 79 of the February REVIEW, illus- years Treasurer of Missions of the fact, a seeming delay in such com- trating the article "Christ Comes to Moravian Church in America, is rements may, in reality, be due to the the Navajo," should read "Governor tiring from that office on May 1. He fact that we have been ahead of the B. B. Moeur of, Arizona and two was consecrated as a bishop of the other periodicals. For example: the Navajo Nurses, Ganado." Moravian Church at a service in the "New Life Movement in China," spon- Central Church of Bethlehem, Pa., sored by General and Mme. Chiang *. * * Kai-shek, which is just now receiving much pUblicity in America, was fully WANTED: By a correspondent vol- on March 14. All honor to Bishop described in the July, 1934, issue; the umes II to X of THE M[SSIONARY deSchweinitz. "Zoa (Life) Movement" (in the Greek Church) now first noted in the daily REVIEW OF THE WORLD. Can any *** press, was fully.described in THE RE- reader supply them? Please commu- VIEW in August, 1928; the Moody nicate with ·the Editorial Office, 156 Rai Bahadur A. C. Mukerjee is re- Centenary recently widely advertised Fifth A ven~-e, New York. tiring as General Secretary of the and observed was dealt with by Dr. National Missionary Society of India, John McDowell in our May, 1936, *** after a period of marked service to number. Read THE REVIEW to be up~ the Society and to India. He is now to-date on important matters relating Two sub~cribers write: at work up'on a plan for occupying a to the Kingdom of God. field where a mass movement toward "I can't do without your wonderful Christianity is taking place. *** magazine,'and what puzzles me is how any good missionary Christian can." Have you ordered your June (Rural Life) Number of THE REVIEW? Se- • MRS. AGNES HAZARD. *** cure copies for all in your mission Bouliler, Colo. study groups. This will be a great . Archdeacon John Batchelor, vethelp. Note what one enthusiastic .';,.. '" * * eran worker of the C. M. S. among the reader says: Ainu of Northern Japan, was the first "Enclosed $– is to be applied to missionary to take part in a television "The March REWIEW is especially program, Januar:v 20. Dr. Batchelor fine-Dr. Speer's article being 'tops.' my l.!ubscription as long as the money has worked for more than sixty years I am very sure I could not get along among the primitive Ainu of Hokat all without the REVIEW. Without it will last. This will save the work kaido. Although 83 years old, he has connected with the annual renewal, recent:ly returned to Japan to con- tinue his work. and serves as evidence that the RE- VIEW is much appreciated."

N. NIELSEN, PH. C., M.D. Siu-Yen, Manchoukuo.

*** PLAN NOW to Spend Next Summer's Vacation with Amer. Rev. Frank Houghton, editorial sec- ica's Greatest Theological Teachers. retary of the China Inland Mission in Winona Lake School of Theology, Winona Lake, Indiana London, has been made bishop of a new diocese created by the division of For Ministers9 Teachers, Missionaries, Sunday School Workers and Laymen SO the Diocese of Szechuan into the Free eastern and western. The eastern is Courses leading to Regular Theological Degrees, Cost Reasonable staffed by the China Inland Mission, July 7 to August ll···Two Terms 15 Days Each···lnterdenominational Rooms the western diocese by the Church Evangelical Faith and High Scholarship Combined Missionary Society. Dr. W. E. Biederwolf, Director (Ask for free Prosl>ectus) Dr. J. A. Huffman. Dean [ 177]

VILLAGE OF SAMHO, CHOSEN, WHERE "THE MAGISTRATE WENT TO CHURCH"

(See page 187)

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 4 APRIL, 1937 Topies of the Times CAN CHRISTIANS BE NEUTRAL nation bind itself ;to do so irresJ)€ctive of the moml issues involved? Neutrality is now a major Subject in press, Con- To the first questiDn, the answer of the best in- gress, peace societies, labor disputes, and in many formed students .of internationa] affairs is negachurch assemblies. Its slogans are popular: tive. They tell us ,that the circumstances that led "Keep us .out of war," "Let us mind .our own busi- us into the World War of 1914-1918 wDuld in- ness," "Other people's quarrels are not .our af- evitably draw us into another general conflict; fairs." While some .of this demand for "hands that international relations are now so interwDven off" is motivated by selfishness, much of it is that a strong nation cannot possibly maintain an prompted by a real desire for harmony. Mission- isolated position; that actual neutrality would ary wDrk, both home and foreign, is involved in mean no freedom .of the seas for American ships, peace promotion, since war demoralizes it, diverts no passports to Americans traveling in war zones attention and cripples its support. Boards and or on ships of a natiDn at war, no loans to belmissionaries and their supporters are theref.ore ligerents, no trade with them in food .or war ma- concerned in the question: When should Chris- terials, or with neutral agencies for reshipment tians be neutral in disputes and conflicts and when to them. This would mean the closing .of many should they take sides in the contrDversies that manufacturing plants and very widespread unare agitating the Church, nation and the world? employment. When the results .of such neutrality Neutrality, is certainly sometimes wise. FDr thus become clear to the American people, the example, most Americans do not strongly take business and labor interests affected would bring sides in the present internecine strife in Spain, such pressure to bear on Congress that politicians realizing that the outcome will probably be either would not dare to resist. Few, if any, students a Fascist government under a military dictator, of the problem believe that America would be or a Soviet government .of a communistic type. willing to pay the price, especially as popular feel- It is significant that Germany and Italy openly ing might be inflamed by the sinking of an Amer- encour.age the "insurgents" and that Russia as ican ship, or the loss of American lives .on a toropenly encourages the "loyalists." But France J)€doed neutral ship.

was not neutral in America's war for independ- The second question cuts deeper. When an ence and Americans were not neutral when Italy atheistic government attempts tD extirpate all re- invaded Ethiopia Dr when Japan bombed and ligion in Russia; when Jews are being inhumanly killed civilians in Shanghai. The fact that the persecuted and Christian churches are being made American Government did not invoke the "sanc- vassals of a totalitarian state as in Germany; tions" in either case does not imply that Amer- when Christian schools are forbidden to teach ican citizens were neutr,al, save in a technical Christian truths, as in China and Mexico; when sense of not taking active sides. palpable injustice is being perpetrated every- The pending issue, in America however, is not where, we believe that Christians should be outone .of popular sympathy but of national policy spoken in protest. Under such circumstances neu- expressed in law. This raises two questions: traIity would be culpable. Few Christians are Could America keep out of another world war if prepared to say that, no matter what wrong may one should develop? Even if it could, should our be inflicted by a strong nation upon a weaker .one, [179 ]

or by a powerful individual on a weaker 'One, he that the conference was entertained by the Ma- will, like the priest and the Levite in 'Our Lord's harajah of Mysore, himself a Hindu, is one indi- parable, "pass by on the other side." It was Cain, cation of the great change that has taken place in the murderer, who said that he was "nQt his the attitude of Hindus toward all that is labeled brother's keeper." Christian. The basis of this new tolerance and Bat taking sides against wrong does not neces- cooperation is seen in the address of the Dewan sarily mean war. The applicati'On of "sancti'Ons" of Mysore, Sir Mirza Ismail, who said: "You are in such circumstances are simply the exercise of deliberately planning an offensive against the the same kind of police power in international af- warring powers of evil, whose threat is now more fairs that every civilized state and cQmmunity deliberate and threatening than ever before. You exercises against lawless evildoers within its own stand for ideals that inspire us also-the freedom borders. Is it not high time that Americans of spirit, and unity and peace. And we are not should stop criticizing the League of NatiQns for merely your hosts; we are with you in this fight."

weakness in dealing with international disputes The delegates came from many nations and for which their own refusal to join is the chief represented different racial, cultural and early re- cause for failure? ligious backgrounds, but there was remarkable In the sphere of morals and religion, there is unity in worship, for all acknowledged allegience certainly nD proper place for neutrality when to Christ and were bent on discovering and doing there is a clear issue between right and wrong. the will of God. The general theme was: "The A man is either moral or immDral. In religion, Youth, the World and the Future."

the supreme Authority for the Christian has very Many grave problems were presented for dis- plainly said: "He that is not for me is against cussion, especially as they relate to young men of me." "Ye cannDt serve God and mammon." Any today. A study of seven main themes had been compromise with· the wDrld is sharply rebuked in made in advance and these were brought up for the. Bible and in the Epistle 'Of James we read: discussion by seven Commissions into which the "Kno'Y ye not that the friendship 'Of the world is delegates were divided. enmi,ty with God ?" In this time of rampant god- First, there is the problem of International Reless pOlitical evils, there is urgent need that the lations. The question was raised as to whether the Y. M. C. A. should take active part in organfollowers of Christ should repudiate all compro- ized movements to prevent war or should be con- tent with promoting the spirit of brotherhood and mises with wrong and should boldly stand for the advocate peaceful settlement of disputes. Should the Association endeavor to stop fighting or right and for right alone. If we cannot win on mainly serve the contending factions and aid the wounded in time of war? Can the Y. M. C. A. this issue, we cannot win at all. God himself will inaugurate and promote economic, social and political reforms that will remove causes of war, not bless such neutrality. "Because thou art or should it confine its endeavors to spiritual work lukewarm," He said to the church at Laodicea, "and neither cold n'Or hot I will spue thee out of my mouth." Christians cannot afford to do other- wise than to stand unequivocally for the right as God has revealed it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

THE WORLD Y. M. C. A. CONFERENCE with individuals and Christian character build- IN INDIA ing? Some delegates asked for an immediate call for a World Congress to express the mind of the For the first time in the history of the Young M'Ovement 'On international issues and even ad- Men's Christian Association, the scene of the·· vocated a permanent bureau to watch the situaworld conference has been shifted to Asia, and tion.

one-half of the delegates came from Africa and Second: the Race Relations section was pre- the Orient. Here is an indication of the increas- sided over by J. H. Tobias, an American Negro.

ing importance of the youth of Asia in world af- One result was a resolution adopted to the effect fairs. This twenty-first world conference was that no one should be excluded from the Y. M.

held in Mysore, India, from January 5 to 10 and C. A. and its privileges on the ground of race or was attended by 200 selected delegates represent- color.

ing thirty different nations, races and tongues. Third, Difference in Religious Faiths. The Most of the delegates were over fifty years 9f age. Y. M. C. A. was founded by Sir George Williams Dr. John R. Mott, the President of the World's Al- in 1844 for the purpose of promoting the cause of liance, was chairman and was unanimously asked Christ among young men, by prayer, Bible study to continue as president of this youth movement, and personal work. Recently, however, even vot- although he is now over threescore and ten years ing power is not always based on public con- of age. The value of the wisdom and experience fession of faith in Christ. Jews and those of of "Elder Statesmen" is still recognized. The fact other religions are now admitted to active mem-

TOPICS. OF THE TIMES

bership and in many non-Christian lands there man's personal relation to God governs all his has been a strong move against "proselytizing" or standards, is the source of power and determines seeking to persuade men to change their religion. his relationship to others. Christ is the secret of It is not surprising, therefore, that at the Mysore strong, fruitful living and He offers the great Conference many held that a share in the control challenge to Godlike life and service to fellow men. of the Y. M. C. A. should be offered to members who are not Christians. This we believe to be a The Y. M. C. A. was founded to bring young grave mistake, since the movement should be kept men into vital personal relationship to God, definitely. and openly Christian. through Christ. The "Paris Basis" for member- ship is still the same as adopted in 1855. Various Fourth: On National Problems and Responsi- related ideals and activities may rightly be added bilities, the main question is whether situations so long as these do not conflict with or displace arise where a Christian should choose to follow the main purpose; but if Christ is left out of the the revealed will of God even where that is in con- Y. M. C. A. then the institution will be spiritually flict with the requirements of his national govern- dead and forfeits its right to the name Christian. ment. This problem is acute in Russia, in Ger- Other groups are free to found and support a many, in Japan, in Italy and in other lands dom- "Young Men's Religious Association" and to reinated by materialistic, militaristic or non-Chris- ceive members who do not acknowledge allegiance tian rulers. While the Y. M. C. A. should train to Christ, but it is not honest for others to "steal" men to be loyal to their rulers and to serve their the Y. M. C. A. and to attempt to change its charcountry, these duties cannot supplant obedience acter and purpose. to God, as He is revealed in Christ. In his opening address at the Conference, Dr. Fifth: The Need for Building a Better Social John R. Mott sounded a note that may well serve Order is evident. The feeling at Mysore was as the basis for all Y. M. C. A. membership and strong that the Y. M. C. A. should work definitely activity, in every land. He said: for economic betterment and social justice. Demands were formulated for action to "abolish "Our governing objective in the Y. M. C. A. is rights of property divorced from function"; to to make Christ known and trusted and loved and eliminate the "profit motive" from industry and to exemplified (as personal Saviour, Son of God, and adjust the conflicting interests of various classes Lord), not only in the whole individual range of in the economic order. This subject naturally individual life, boy, mind and spirit, but in all our deeply concerns the rising generation and calls for human relationships and with special reference to reforms. It must be kept in mind, however, that youth." new laws alone have not proved effective; there must also be a new, unselfish spirit instilled into Are we honestly seeking to discover and to do individuals to change human nature. This is ac- the will of God? That will mean something revocomplished by a new life motive, with power re- lutionary in every life. Let the Y. M. C. A. conceived through union with Christ. tinue to be positively, intellectually, evangelically and aggressively Christian in all of its ideals and Sixth: The Church and Her World Mission was activities. Then it will continue to live and grow another topic discussed. What is the relationship and be effective in the lives of young men and in of the Y. M. C. A. to the Church? How can they the world. work together effectively in the interest of boys and young men? One whole day was given at the THE NEED FOR A CHRISTIAN Conference to discuss the needs of the boys of the INTERNATIONALE world and youth representing six nationalities spoke on the varied problems but universal needs. More and more we are discovering that the In India the child suddenly becomes a man, while world is not made up of watertight compartments. in England many years are spent in preparing There is a real solidarity of human welfare or the boy for manhood; in the Philippines boys are woe. No man liveth to himself and no nation is ignorant of their own country's history while in independent of its neighbors. We are all of one Germany and Japan they are taught to worship blood and our present economic social and politinational ideals and heroes. Since youth is the cal problems are interlocked. period when the coming generation must be prepared to take their places in the Church, the na- The Communists are working on the principle tion and the world, the Y. M. C. A. should furnish that Communism, to be successful, cannot be contraining for these responsibilities. fined to the U. S. S. R., but must extend its in- fluence and ideals everywhere. This is the motive Seventh: The Challenge of Personal Life is the back of the Third Internationale and the presentroot of all other problems. Without ideal men and day world-wide propaganda from Moscow. Monwomen it is impossible to have an ideal world. A signor M. d'Herbigny, writing in the Revue des Deux Mondes, exposes the program which the

"militant godless" propose to follow in their sec- he noticed that the flag with its sickle and hammer ond five-year period. This plan for the "liquida- was unfurled only on special occasions. He says: tion of religiol}" is carefully studied and con- "When not unfurled it was protected by a canvas stantly brought up to date. There are special case made out of a waterproof oil painting of our seminaries for the training of antireligious Com- Lord's birth which I believe was taken from the munist workers to organize "cells"; they have Gospel Hall at Pensui. On the painting could be also opened museums in which Christianity and seen Bethlehem, the shepherds with their sheep, other faiths are exposed to ridicule. An atheistic and the star." Mr. Bosshardt was led captive bepress and colored posters are everywhere in evi- hind the Red flag, but the flag itself was embraced dence, copied from the Bezbozhniki and Die by the love manifested in Bethlehem. Kampfende Gottlosen. We quote from their manual: The great Slavic race with its religious tradi- tion, its remarkable literary genius, and its ca- A sympathizer with the U. S. S. R. is anyone who, with- pacity for suffering is surely not beyond the love out definite political tendencies, feels by intuition or re- of Christ. What a challenge the Communist flection that something interesting is going on in the Party of the U. S. S. R. offers to the pioneer mis- U. S. S. R., and that it would be a good thing to profit sionary spirit. Who will show them the Star of thereby. Consequently anyone is a sympathizer with the Bethelehm? Who will help organize, by prayer Communist Party who, having sympathy with the work of and a faith that prevails, a Christian Internathe Soviet Union, ;whether he goes or not to meetings of a tionale, a true and universal brotherhood of social party-cell or of a nucleus of sympathizers, readily accepts justice and divine compassion, with Christ as the the revolutionary party-orders and has the intention of center? The tragedy of the present situation is executing them, as far as lies in his power. that these lands where atheistic Communism is centered are not on the program of missionary While Protestant Christendom is planning for advance. To meet such an opportunity there must an Ecumenical understanding and an advance be the united cooperation of all the churches. program at Oxford and Edinburgh this coming Members of the Protestant Church need to recogsummer, the Central Committee of Atheists have nize the fact that, before the Reformation, many held a World Congress at Moscow in February, faithful members of the Oriental and Roman 1937, with the following program: churches that impinge upon this vast area, with- stood the terrific impact of Islam, and born wit- 1. Founding of an office for the antireligious propaganda ness to Christ by martyrdom. Now in many of the world. places members of these same churches are seal- ing their testimony with their own blood in the 2. Founding of an Atheist-Internationale conducted by the struggle against Godless Communism. Soviet Russian Atheist Union. S. M. ZWEMER. 3. Organization of a systematic antireligious propaganda in all countries.

4. International exchange of experiences in the struggle of the atheists.

5. Financial support of the Atheist Organizations.

In preparation for this Congress a powerful radio THE GREAT TEMPLE IN MADURA, IKDIA station was to be erected to be used exclusively for atheistic propaganda. The fool no longer says only in his heart, "There is no God"-he broadcasts his foolish blasphemy. In Madrid, Prague, Mexico, India, Northwest China, and closer home, in the United States, the fight against all religion is carried on with united front.

Shall we as Christians sit still when our brethren in many lands are living and dying as martyrs to God's truth? R. A. Bosshardt, of the China Inland Mission, who was for eighteen long months a captive of the Red Communistic army in western China, relates an incident which is illuminating. Marching in fetters behind the standard bearer,

Advan'ces in Politics and

By the REV. J. F. EDWARDS, Poona, India Recently Editor of Dnyanodaya I N THIS age of dictatorships and antireligious against possible breakdowns, that the most fully movements, India is making solid progress in organized party, the Congress party, talks of re- both politics and religion. Consider the po- jecting it with contumely. This same party, howlitical outlook of this great oriental country. ever, is straining every nerve to capture every possible seat and will take the oath of allegiance, A New Constitution leaving till later the decision whether to accept office. This April India enters upon a new and great chapter in its history by the inauguration of a The framers of the new constitution say that new political constitution which bids fair to make such, "safeguards" are meant only for crises and this land the first democracy in Asia. that they are necessary and indeed inevitable in these days of unstable government the world over. If the latest estimates of China's population be This is especially true as fourteen per cent of the correct (342 millions, including Mongolia and people are being given the right to vote in a land where only eight per cent know how to read and Tibet *) then India's 353 millions t means that write.

this is the largest human family on earth. Thus The autonomy bestowed upon the nine major one person out of every six in the world belongs Provinces into which India is divided, each havto India. ing its own separate government, is so far-reach- ing that one trusted leader, Dr. Natarajan, the William E. Gladstone used to say that "the task veteran editor of the Indian Social Reformer, of statesmanship is to discover where God Al- holds that the authority should have been more mighty is going the next fifty years," If India's centralized to prevent the Provinces becoming so new constitution does all that its framers hope many unrelated units. for, then it will become one of the mightiest powers for good in the Orient. While these two factors of responsibility and autonomy have been steadily developing ever since The democratic provision of the New Consti- the political reforms of 1919, when many imtution, enabling 35 million people to vote, will en- portant departments of Government, such as sure the dethronement of the Brahmin. This fact liquor and education, were transferred to Indian in itself marks a new epoch in India, and some statesmen, the third factor of an all-India federaunprejudiced observers believe this als'o helps to tion is wholly new, having come to birth during explain, in part, the unpopularity of the new con- the Round Table Conferences in London. By this stitution to many of the higher caste people. Some federation, the two great sections, called British of these would say with Goethe, "The century has India and the Indian States, are to be welded into given birth to a great epoch, but the great moment a unity that has never before existed. finds a petty generation." Uniting Two Indias Into One We have been watching the great constitutional argument in India for more than twenty-eight It is often forgotten in America that there are years, twenty of them as a missionary editor for 675 Indian States, comprising some 45 per cent six missions, and believe that both British and of India's area and nearly 25 per cent (over 81 Indian statesmen have been sincerely aiming at millions) of India's population. The rulers of India's welfare. these states may rule as they like, except when cases of grave miscarriage of justice cause the These three words may be said to sum up the British Resident to intervene. If, in the last reaims of India's new political constitution. sort, justice is not assured to the citizens, the Viceroy (representing the King-Emperor's Para- As to the first, the responsibility for governing mount Power) offers the defaulting ruler the the most complex nation in the world, which has alternative of a trial by his own fellow-Princes been placed in the hands of the people's leaders, is surrounded with so many "safeguards" to guard • Professor Wilcox, of Yale, maintained at the Conference on Pacific Relations a few years ago that China's population had always been grossly exaggerated. mirl~~;. 1931 official census, while the present estimate is 370 [ 183 ]

or a voluntary abdication; one of the recent cases constitution. They even hope that at the last in which abdication ensued was that of the Ma- some factor may lead the Princes to withdraw. harajah of Indore, well known by his marriage Our own hope is that, by working in close associato the American citizen Nancy Miller. Many in tion with the democratic councils in India, the India believe that, for the sake of India's people, Indian Princes may be led to liberalize their rule. direct intervention of the Paramount Power How essential such liberalization is for the fushould take place oftener than it does. ture of Indian democracy will be realized when we realize that no amendments to the new con- The new constitution brings under one scheme stitution can be carried out without the unaniof self-government the people all over India, and mous approval of the whole body of Indian rulers. that the new unity of India is officially regarded The only alternative for one who disapproves is as one of the greatest achievements of the new to secede from the Federation. constitution. It must have been some such hope as ours that This much is certain, that to continue much led the editor of the Indian Christian weekly longer the arrangement of two Indias, British Guardian of Madras to say: India ruled by the British, and the Indian States ruled by the Princes, would be to risk a destruc- If a place has to be found for them (the Indian tive civil war. When it is remembered that the States) in a self-governing India, it necessarily implies total population of India is nearly three times that their association would to some extent curtail the that of the United States, though in area it is only freedom of British India at the start. Their medieval about half, it will be realized how great the character, with but a few exceptions, must be recognized; dangers of delay might be. and their paralyzing effect upon British India must be faced and overcome. The sooner the Indian States and The Price of India's Unification the communal groups are brought into the current of na- tional administration, the better hope there is. But the unifying of India in one all-Indian Parliament is to be purchased at a heavy price. Here The Autocracy of India's Princes we begin to understand something of the forces moving behind the clash between the British Gov- The foregoing facts do not set forth the full ernment and those Indian leaders who desire sep- price being paid for the unification of India under arate independence. one supreme Indian Government. These 675 In- dian Princes, who are well organized in an Indian The Indian Princes are probably not only the Princes' Chamber of their own, have put a ban richest but the most reactionary rulers on earth. on India's separate independence by stipulating A few years ago that fearless journal of India's that the basic condition of their joining the allprogressive leaders, The Servant of India, af- India federation is that the connection between firmed that the most advanced Indian States are India and Britain must continue, and that on no below the level of British India, that "everyone account will they sign their new treaties or agreeof the Indian States without exception is miles ments with India's Parliament but only with the behind British India," that "the only two States King-Emperor direct, through his representative which approximate to the British Indian stand- the Vicerby. The reason is that they distrust ard of administration are Mysore and Baroda," their own fellow-countrymen, both Hindus and both of which were "under direct administration Moslems, whose failure to conclude an agreement of British Government for some time in their his- between their two communities regarding the tory," and that "even these lag behind British basis of representation in the councils, does not India in the matter of constitutional develop- encourage the Princes to make any agreement ment." with them on still larger questions.

Indian rulers of course have their own point of These Indian rulers have steadfastly refused to view, but Britain's democrats are deeply troubled allow their own representatives in the all-India in their minds over this aspect of the question, Federal Legislature to be appointed by election, as was shown by the leader of the British Labor thus denying the vote to their citizens. This Party, Major Attlee, in the House of Commons means that the representatives of Indian States when he asked "how long British democrats would in the Parliament will be nominees of the Princes, continue to maintain autocracies without some which means their palace favorites, and that these' better guarantee of what was happening inside will sit side by _side in· the all-India Parliament them." with the representatives from British India who have been elected by the 35 million voters of the Some Indian patriots (how many it is hard to more democratic part of the country. say) go the length of saying they wish the Indian Princes had not suggested this federation for all British Commonwealth of Independent Nations India, because the price India is paying for the cooperation of the Princes is a less democratic In 1931 there was passed by the British Parlia- ment an extremely important measure called the

INDIA ADVANCES IN POLITICS AND RELIGION

"Westminster Statute" which sets forth the far- How nobly India's own sons are fighting against reaching significance of that elastic term "Do- caste-inhumanity is shown by what Gandhi said minion Status." This Act made clear that all the at Faizpur where the Indian Congress was held countries forming the British Commonwealth are in the last week of 1936: "I went to your Local free and independent peoples and are at liberty to Board, well situated just near the Harijan (outleave the Commonwealth any moment they wish. caste) quarters, and I inquired if the Harijans It was not long after the important legislation of were allowed to draw water from that well. I 1931 that the Indian constitutional question as- was told they might not do so, but that they were sumed crucial importance. The Dominion Pre- suffered to take water out of an open trough from miers clearly intimated they were not willing to which cattle also drunk their water. How dare concede to India the "Dominion Status" of full you, who want to win swaraj (autonomy) suffer nationhood represented by full membership in the to keep your own brethren on a level with cattle?" Commonwealth. This has been a great blow to Yet in that same village of Faizpur Rs. 30,000 India's pride. The Right Honorable Srinivasa (over 10,000 dollars) were collected as gate-money Sastri, early in 1935, pleaded that Federation and to attend the Indian Congress that was crying Dominion Status could exist side by side, but that out for independence, and 25,000 people were the free and independent Dominions making up fed daily for a week. the British Commonwealth of Nations were not willing to receive India into the inner family Why then is there such appalling poverty as circle of the Commonwealth until India shows prevails in India? There are two reasons at least: more fitness for self-government. The Indian So- one is India's worship of the cow; for while 64 cial Reformer recalled that in connection with the definitions of Hinduism all differ, yet all include conflict between British and Boer in South Africa, cow-worship as essential. However decrepit or the world-renowned phrase was coined that "good milkless a cow may be, it must never be killed even government is no substitute for self-government." by a merciful anresthetic, but must drag on its weary existence under the hot Indian sun. India's Capacity for Self-Government It is estimated that in British India alone there Opinions greatly differ on the question as to are twenty-four and a half million useless cattle, how far the Dominion Premiers' position is justi- the maintenance of which costs India 176 crores fied by India's fitness, or unfitness, for complete of rupees (or more than 650 million dollars) self-government. There is evidence on both sides. every year. When we pointed this out, Mr. Gandhi replied that India ought to pay something Much has been made of the alleged inefficiency for its religious principles. Whether such prinand alleged nepotism of Indian Ministers in ciples are behind another cause of India's poverty, charge of various departments of government. India's money lenders, we know not, but it is not The reforms of 1919 provided for a large majority uncommon for them to charge 75 to 150 per cent of Indian members in every Council, Provincial or more for their loans. and National, with a large number of nationbuilding departments transferred to Indian con- India's Influence on the West trol. India has a very noble culture distinctively her The most capable judges of the results are the own. The influence of that culture is increasing British members of the Indian Civil Service. One in the West as is indicated by the recent appointof them, Sir John Thompson, says: ment of that renowned Indian scholar, Dr. Sir S. Radhakrishnan, to the newly instituted Spalding It would be unjust and ungenerous, especially in those Professorship of Eastern Religions and Ethics in of us who once helped to control the departments now the Oxford University. This eloquent scholar transferred to Ministers, not to recognize what they have rightly affirmed in his inaugural address: "Redone and where they have gone beyond what we were aJle ligion has been the master passion of the Indian to effect. Let me mention one or two points. The villager mind." Should Dr. Radhakrishnan repeat in with a sick wife or baby now finds that medical relief has England his well-known defence of idolatry, as been brought nearer to his door. The number of hospitals being an infant state in religion and to be tolhas increased by 35 per cent. The man with children to erated as such, we have no doubt the philosophers educate finds things made easier for him. In ten years of Epgland and Scotland would know how to deal the number of schools went up by 24 per cent, the number with him. of pupils by 50 per cent, and the number of girl pupils by 80 per cent. Even in the last five years the number of Indian Christianity and Indian Nationality girls in the secondary schools has risen by over 100 per cent and the number of girl graduates by nearly 80 per All would-be vindicators of Indian idolatry are cent. answered by Indian citizens themselves, as is Over against this fair picture are such blots as the inhumanity of the Indian caste-system, and the superstitions and evil practices that lie at the root of India's poverty.

shown by the returns of the 1931 official census years (from 6,062 in 1931 to 4,467 in 1935), on which indicated that over a million and a half account of decrease in funds from Western lands, had been added to the Christian Church during has some compensation in the steady growth of the preceding decade. This means an average of voluntary service in many sections of the Indian 12,855 additions to the church every month, and Church. the present (1937) monthly increase is probably at least 15,000. Indian Christians are not overlooking their duty to India's national movements. They are to Nor is this the only index of an advancing In- be found in almost every political party in India. dian Christianity, for thousands of caste-people One of Mr. Gandhi's right-hand men is Mr. J. C. are every year entering the Indian Church and Kumarappa, an Indian Christian, occupying the are giving as their reason that they want the help strategic post of organizing secretary to the Allof the same Lord who is transforming so many India Village Industries Association. Several In- Indian outcastes and is transfiguring their homes dian Christian leaders are candidates for seats in and villages. India's Provincial and all-India Councils in the present general election. The influence of Jesus Christ and His message is also making itself felt upon every public move- Happily the day is past when Indian Christians ment in India. The searchlight of His personality can be left out of India's nation-building organizaand teaching is revealing some of the darker as- tions. One of the best known of India's Christian pects of India's time-worn faiths, so that a silent leaders, Dr. S. K. Datta, President of Forman revolution is being effected in these faiths. More- Christian College, in a notable speech in the Allover, educated Indian Christians say they see clear India Legislative Assembly at Delhi, told the Britsigns of a "mass movement of the Spirit of God ish and Indian statesmen gathered in India's Paramong the educated people of India." These vari- liament, that if they wished to see Indian democous factors are contributing to the building of an racy at its best they should see it at work in the enduring Indian Church. Even the reduction of Indian Churches, which he described as "so many missionaries in India by 1,595 during the past few little Indian republics."

THE IDEAL MISSIONARY FOR TODAY By THE REV. D. S. HIBBARD, D.D., PH.D.

"What kind of a man or woman should be sent out to the younger churches of Christ?" The missionary has the only God-given world message, but he is human. He talks with God, but he must deal with men. It must, therefore, weigh heavily upon anyone who is in any way responsible for choosing a foreign missionary.

David Livingstone was one of the greatest, if not the greatest of all missionaries. _But if he could be brought into the Philippines today with only his former preparation, he would be badly handicapped.

And yet I must frankly come out and state before I retire that the modern missionary in the Islands has to be a bigger and better man than those who came over in the early days, or he is doomed to be a dismal failure.

We had wonderful opportunities and privileges in those early days. The facts of change and of new ideals in the government opened the way for the preaching of the Gospel.

The people listened, and were willing to study the Bible of which they had heard but never seen. The Roman Catholic Church had failed to hold all of its members. Many of them, insurgents at heart, now broke away from that body. It was easy to teach, to preach, and to heal.

Today these conditions are materially changed. Instead of an uneducated younger genera- tion, we find holders of the master's degree, and even some with a doctorate from the best institutions in America, scattered throughout the Islands. And college graduates are every- where. The school system here is the best in the Orient. Printing presses,good and bad, are running full time.

Briefly then sermons, which would have held the attention and won approval of an audi- ence a generation ago, will not be effective today. There must be true vitality, intelligent pres- entation, practical relationship to life, and sacrificial service in the ideal missonary and in his Christian message for present-day needs at home and abroad.

the Magistrate Went to Church*

What Happened to Magistrate Kim Seung Myung in Korea -t€{ I Told by himself and WILLIAM SCOTT I )Be- I~==============================~ I T WAS a hot summer day and I hesitated to go, his conversion. The church was crowded, and for church openings, at the best of times, are among the audience were many of elder Kim's old long and tedious. But Samho, I reckoned, cronies,. still in their pagan unconcern. He ad- would be different. Samho Christians are rugged dressed himself particularly to them.

fisher folk, who pit their strength against the ele- The Story of His Conversion ments and wrest a living from the sea. When pagan, they were gloriously pagan; when they "You all know me for what I was and what I became Christian, life was still an adventure car- am," he began. "Money was no concern to me.

ried through with the old lt came easily; I spent it energy and daring. There freely. My chief concern before one's eyes stood a was the public good. I witness to this fact. They served you long and well as were only a fishing village, village h e a d man and as and only a handful of county magistrate. Yonder Christians, yet they had hill belongs. to the village dared to build the finest because I fought the Gov- church in all our section of ernment for it. I gave the Korea. On this particular public cemetery in which day they had met to dedi- you bury your dead. I built cate their church to God your first school and made and to honor the man whose you send your sons to it. I enthusiasm and generosity fathered a dozen projects had made it possible. for your good, till our vil- Elder Kim lage became the pride of the province. You, in your Elder Kim was the man, turn, were good to me. You and a fitting tribute asso- honored me and trusted ciated his name with the me. You raised a magnifichurch. A tablet graced cent stone to perpetuate my one of the walls, "In honour name.. I sat on the Goverof Elder Kim, a Christian and a Public Benefactor." nor's council. I was chosen His name was on the pro- to visit the palace and to gram to lead in prayer, MAGISTRATg KIM, NOW ELDER KIM receive some silver wine and this is how it ran: CUPSI as a token of respect.

"0 God, I thank thee for taking a man like me "Then came the Christians. You remember -a haughty, brawling, drunken man like me- how I hated them – upstart fellows who babbled for cleaning up my life and making me the man I about God and Christ and thought we were all am. I thank thee for putting it into my head sons of the devil because we drank and smoked to help build this church. May it be used to and enjoyed life. You remember how I set the Thy glory, and to the saving of many more like police on them, dogged their steps wherever they me." went, refus·ed to sell them land for a church, and Having unburdened his heart to his God, he threatened to drive them out of the village. Even wiped his eyes and turned to the congregation: when I went to the city I would walk through "I'd like to say a few things before I sit down," dirty narrow lanes and climb a fence rather than he remarked, and proceeded to tell the story of pass a foreigner's house or a Christian church.

• From Ko.rean Echoes, published by The Korea Mission of the "But they beat me to it in the end. My own United Church of Canada (October, 1936). nephew was converted; one of my own stock [ 187 ]

whose business it is to get things done. They might do. I said we were all proud to have such a bought land for a meeting place~the brow of a building in the village, and ended by wishing them hill that nobody wanted. They built a church and all success. Next I turned to you fellows who had boasted of its size. They put up a bell to ding in brought me to church. I said it was a disgrace to our ears, and finally they sent out invitations to dedicate a building to God with a debt on it, and all and sundry to attend the opening. It was a that it was up to us to do our bit. I promised to give three hundred and fifty yen, if you would pay the rest. It was my turn to chuckle as I made you open your purses and pay heavily for the prank you had played on me that day.

Magistrate Kim Cleans House "By this time I was thoroughly sober and a great decision was forming in my mind. You re- member it wen. I took you all to the wine shop.

'Boys,' I said, 'drink to your heart's content. I pay the bill. But remember: this is the last drink you'll ever get from Magistrate Kim. I'm through with it for ever. No man ever did me a better turn than you did when you filled me with liquor and took me to church. It's not the old Kim that's talking to you now. From today on I travel a dif- ferent road." I left you there befuddled and scep- THE' ORIGINAL CHURCH AT SAMHO, KOREA tical. God forgive me for filling you with drink that day, but you would have got drunk anyway.

great day. The whole town was agog with excite- , You didn't believe me then, and you may not be- ment. Perhaps the feast that was to follow ap- lieve me now, but I want to tell you that from pealed to some of you. As for me, I stormed and that day until this not a drop of liquor has passed fumed and threatened; too proud to acknowledge my lips. The very taste of it went out of my life defeat. Then some of you came to my office and that day and has never returned. And that's dared me to attend the ceremony. It was my eighteen years ago."

duty, you said, as headman and magistrate to do At this point the speaker paused, visibly moved the honors for the community. But I only laughed at the memory of the miracle that had trans- and drank to their confusion. And then you played your trick. You plied me with wine and still more wine until you got me gloriously drunk.

Then you carried me bodily to the church door and chuckled as my own nephew took me in hand, thanked me for coming, and led me staggering to a prominent place.

"Well, thank God for that day. Something so- bered me where I sat. It may have been a sense of shame. It may have been resentment at your handling of me, and a desire to get even. It was likely more than that, for I found myself thinking that these Christians were really men after my own heart. The courage with which they had car- ried on, despite my threats. The way they took our snubbing and persecution. The energy and enthusiasm they put into their church building.

The tremendous earnestness with which they TEE NEW CHURCH AT SAMHO, KOREA faced us with the need of religion. Even to that long, lanky foreign fellow who pleaded for help to formed his life. The day was hot and gave him pay the deht on the church, telling us that he who an excuse to mop his face and incidentally to wipe gave was not losing his money but only putting it away a tear. But he soon forgot himself again in the Bank of Heaven. All that somehow got me. in his tale, the audience following with keen I threw all caution to the winds and stood up to interest.

congratulate the Christians. I extolled the virtue "I don't wonder that you thought me crazy; of religion. I spoke of the good a Christian church the very children used to talk of the queer things

WHEN THE MAGISTRATE WENT TO CHURCH

I did. I called my family and relatives together done magnificently, and raised more than their and told them that I was now a Christian, that share. But a debt still remains, as on that day they were all Christians, and that if anyone long ago. Fourteen hundred yen must be raised wished to disagree he was at liberty to do so, but today. I'll give a thousand if you raise the four that henceforth he would be no connection of hundred here and now. It's a joy to do it. I've mine. I then wrote my eldest boy, at college in done many a good thing for the village, but the Japan. I told him what had happened and added, greatest good that.r have done, and the one which 'Son, you've got to become a Christian or you no brings me greatest satisfaction, is my share in the longer belong to me. I will wait your answer be- building .of this church. They have raised a tablet fore I send your next allowance.' His answer to my honor. My first impulse was to tear it came soon enough and showed that he really was d.own, but I finally consented to its remaining a son of mine. 'Dad,' he wrote, 'I knew how you there that it might be a lasting memorial of what hated the Christians and I kept it a secret from the grace of God did for Magistrate Kim. I only you, but I've been a Christian for over a year. wish that you could share the j.oy that came to me I've been praying daily for you, and I'm more that day you brought me to church against my than glad to hear you've come across.' will."

"I had set my own house in order. Now I Elder Kim sat down amid a round of applause. turned to public affairs. I may have been too He had stood up to pray; he had added a glorious hasty, but this new interest I had found seemed testimony. The church was duly dedicated and to come like a flood, sweeping my past life away the remaining four hundred yen fully subscribed like-a thing of straw. I resigned from the mag- by the congregation-part of it from non-Chrisistracy, and from the governor's council. I paid tian sources. The three hours of ceremony had men to pull down and bury the stone you had no dull moments, and was brought to a close with raised in my honor. I even destroyed my precious a strong appeal for decisi.ons. Elder Kim was silver wine cups. It was my way of breaking with again on his feet-his vigorous personality domthe past. Then I went to the city, no longer afraid inating the proceedings, and his oldtime magisof the missionary. I bought Bibles and hymn terial authority carrying some wavering ones over books for all my family and hired a man to teach the line. us to sing. How the town laughed when they heard of it. But there was laughter in my soul I was glad I went to Samho. The new church too, for a new strange joy possessed me. From is an honor to the Christian cause. Built of red that day until now my supreme aim in life has brick with two graceful towers flanking the enbeen to honor Christ." trance and capped by pointed spires, it stands on Building the New Church an eminence which overlooks the beautiful bay and the village which hugs the shore. It will long "That brings me to this day. There stands the remain a landmark to guide the fishing fleets old church, a silent witness both to my shame and home. It will be a perpetual reminder of God to my glory. I love that old church. But it has who ruleth over all. It is a fitting memorial to grown too small. We must replace it with some- the devoted group of men and women who built thing bigger and better, they said, and I knew it-among whom towers Elder Kim. God bless that my chance had come to do one more good the day that Kim the magistrate was brought to thing for the village. I would bear half the ex- church. His name belongs with those "whose pense, and I put my name down, as you know, for righteous deeds have not been forgotten, whose twenty-five hundred yen. The church people have name liveth to all generations."

MISSIONARIES ARE AMBASSADORS OF CHRIST, NOT DIPLOMATS OF THE CHURCH; THEY ARE SENT TO PREACH AND TEACH- Not human experience, but divine redemption Not social reform, but spiritual salvation. through Christ. Not a new organization, but a new creation. Not economic deals, but the Gospel of Christ. Not the benefits of civilization, but the bless- Not human culture, but spiritual conversion. ings of Christ.

Not personal reforms, but liberation from sin. -Adapted from R. P. Richardson, North K iangsu, China. Not laws of earthly progress, but God's for- giveness for sin.

A Prison Shaken in

By REV. ANDREW GIH, Bethel Mission, Shanghai, China I N THE city of Hankow, the so-called "Chicago saved the penitent thief on the cross! They con- of China," the church was packed every night fessed their sins and we taught them to pray so with eager listeners and the Lord worked with that many sad, hopeless sinners and criminals power. Many came with the burdens of sin on were soon rejoicing in the salvation offered by their hearts and went away happy in forgiveness. Him who came "to set the captives free." If we When the HQly Spirit works, people who have had not seen their prison garb we would never done wrong want to make it right. As a result have guessed that they were convicts! About things stolen were returned, old debts were paid, seventy truly accepted the Lord Jesus as their enemies who had not spoken to each other for personal Saviour and their faces shone with light years were reconciled. ' f r o m above.

Earnest-hearted pastors sent messengers to the As we were about to close the meeting one of outlying churches inviting them to send in dele- the officers stepped to the front and, in a choking gates and more than 100. responded so that it re- voice, asked to say a few words. He was trem- quired hundreds of dollars to entertain them for bling and his face was deathly pale, and there two weeks. The pastor and I took the matter to was a strange look in his eyes as he faced that the Lord and the next day a church member said prison audience. Then he said: to the pastor: "I have received a great blessing "God's Spirit is moving me mightily. My heart during these meetings and would like to do some- is pounding. I have no peace. I must confess thing for the Lord in return for what He has done my sins to you men. I have been crooked in my for me. I want to pay whatever you lack for feed- dealings with you. I have extorted bribes from ing these people; but please don't mention my your friends who come to visit you. I have been name to anyone." cruel and overbearing to you."

At the close of the campaign, twenty volunteer It seemed that something within him was driv- preaching bands were organized and at their con- ing him on as he turned from one side to the secration service crowded onto the platform carry- other and cried out in a voice that rang to all parts ing white flags on which were written the motto of the hall: "Will you forgive me? Will you for- of each band. They then went out to preach. give me?" The campaign in the church was over. Then The prisoners listened in astonishment as their something happened more wonderful than our officer confessed his wrongdoing and asked foreyes had ever witnessed. The Christian warden giveness! Such a thing had never before hap- of one of the great city prisons had attended many pened in a prison. Amazement kept them silent of the meetings and received a great blessing. a few seconds and the room was so still that one After that closing service he begged us to preach could almost hear the heart throbs of the agonized to the men in his prison. Speakers had occasion- officer. Then the response broke forth from these ally addressed the men on political subjects but a shackled ones who themselves had been forgiven Gospel service had never been held, as that was and delivered from sin that day. "We forgive not part of a prison program. The warden said: you!" "We forgive you!" came the response over "God has so blessed me in these meetings that I and over from all parts of the room.

dare not deprive the men of the privilege of hear- The officer, apparently unconscious of everyone, ing the same message, though I may risk my posi- fell on his knees before them all, while we knelt tion by inviting you." beside him and prayed. There must have been a So the next morning found us in the prison, with wonderful Hallelujah chorus in Heaven that day, all the men gathered in the hall used for instruc- for we are told there is "great joy in heaven over tion. The warden introduced us by saying: one sinner that repenteth." . "God has sent these men with a wonderful mes- The following afternoon, at the request of the sage. You must listen carefully and I hope you will accept what they preach to you." warden and this converted officer, we outlined a course of Bible study for the prisoners, to be con- We first taught the men a Gospel chorus, "I ducted by earnest pastors of the city. Will you am so glad that Jesus loves me," and in a few min- pray for these Bible classes in the Hankow prison utes practically every man was joining in the sing- and for God's blessing on the work of the Bethel ing. Then, as we gave the Message, we saw many Mission Bands for the evangelization of the of the prisoners in chains turn to the Lord who Chinese?

[ 190]

A Chinese Concubine Tells Her

-~I I~- By the REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China i ~==============================~ I T WAS early in the morning when I entered my Opportune Rain, the proprietor. After much talk, study and found young Mrs. Chung already the price was settled and it was arranged that I awaiting me. Demurely she sat in a big chair, go to his home as his concubine number four.

her simple sea-green robe immaculate, her face "My lord proved to be a magistrate. His· pen frowned with care. Listlessly her hand moved a was powerful and he wrote excellently. He under- painted fan forth and back. The sounds of the stood how to stand between court and man, and heavy gong of the famous Lama Temple faintly he was friend to many high and mighty all filled the room. through the land. He did not weary of thinking Politely Mrs. Chung rose and bowed deeply; for of ways to earn much money; yea, did not count as long a time as it takes to walk a mile, she it hardship to tire himself doing so. But his deeds shielded the real object of her visit behind a of mercy were also many and they were talked clatter of polite vocabulary. Her voice rose and about beside river and lake. Many people thought fell in soft cadences over the four tones of the that good luck had come to me; but in the rice I Mandarin language, the Italian of the Orient. ate at his home there were many husks and Without any sign of impatience I waited. Then pebbles.

with a timid smile she began in more serious vein: "None of my master's other wives had a son, "I came on purpose to call upon you, Shepherd and when a year after my arrival, I presented my Teacher, as my heart is heavy with a problem that lord with the first-born one, their jealousy knew eats away my peace. I am ,burdened with a ques- no bounds. I called my precious one by Ii. girl's tion truly too big for me to solve, and I feel like a name, 'Autumn Pattern,' so that the demons in sparrow that has to battle with an eagle. the air would ignore him, thinking him to be a "When I was still a young child my father sold maiden. My little son, the only one in the family, me into the Hall of Lingering Perfume, a house of grew up a priceless possession in the eyes of my wine and pleasure. I had heard the flying gossip lord. But, as for me, I was but a thing who ate of such places but I never imagined the bitterness bitterness from dawn to dusk on account of the I would have to cover up there behind winning darkish ways of the women's quarters. Often I smiles. Everybody called me 'Sweet Water Pond,' poured out my hatred of the other wives before but Lake of Bitterness would have been a more the altar of the King of the Devils in the temple appropriate name for me. Ai ya! that life was hall at the end of our street. I filled the hand of my only means for food and clothing and it the priests with many gifts but they couid not aid brought my father a bag full of good pieces of me against the other women. If I made an error, silver which he used to start a small business that but as small as the half of a grain of rice, my lord filled the family rice bowls. What more need there would be told all about it many times over. By be said about this. Let these things be hidden be- day and by night I ever feared that my lord might hind a jade screen. be displeased and tire of me. I became ill with "One day when I had seen but nineteen New weeping because of my bitter fate, and my cough Year moons and had spent all of six years of serv- would not leave me; through all the hours my ice in that house, I was ordered to attend the man blood ran feverish in my veins. In vain I offered who now is my lord and master. When I first saw much good money and incense to the God of Medi- him, he wore an incense-eolored robe; upon his cine; without result I swallowed the large pills feet were white cloth stockings and silken shoes of herbs and took dried lizards which the nuns and in his hand he carried a painted fan. Straight- advised me.

way I saw that he was a man of good learning and "At the homes and courtyards of other ladies that his silver would roll freely. Many a time he they urged me to go to a Western hospital. I had visited me in the Lute Pavilion and all the maids heard many a good thing about the hospital of the talked about him into my ears until I was fairly Presbyterian Mission here in Peiping. On street made deaf with the clatter. Several months later and road it is told that your doctors are true over a pot of warm wine he talked about me with guardians of life and warmth of heart in stretch- [ 191]

ing forth hands skilful in medicine. Therefore ing and reviling are now heard only from the lips my lord paid out some silver pieces for me and I of the servants. Even that will change if the entered your hospital. There they healed my body ladies of our household truly believe in Christ. and moreover they prayed with me. Step by step they led me to know the only living God and Jesus "But, oh Worthy One, there is a problem daily Christ, my Saviour. Kneeling in prayer, my life before me, and what must I do? The Christian became to me as insignificant as a firefly's light. Way of Life does not allow a man to have several But Jesus regarded me with the forgiving eye of wives; neither should a Christian woman be a God and I learned that He Himself atoned for all concubine, yet here I am, a lowly sinner, concubine my sins and washed me white as snow. I became number four. It frightens me and often in prayer a new being, truly reborn, and I changed my name my heart falls to pieces. This lowly one knorws to Pervading Peace. her fault, but I have gone into a blind alley and do not see a clear way out, neither a path to con- "With a happy heart I returned home, a newly tinue on. I am of one heart with our household made soul, and with a healed body. The first and our master looks upon all of us with favor morning when it was my turn to burn incense be- and kindness. Willingly he uses silver high and fore the household gods I testified of my newly low for me and the others. Every day the maidfound faith in Christ. I refused to bow down any servants enter our women's quarters carrying in longer before idols made by the hands of man. their hands plates of good meat, dishes of fish The ladies of our household, known to be ardent fried with swee-sour sauce, bowls of rice and plat- Buddhists, made a big flutter about it, running ters of warm steamed bread. It is not as if I am back and forth and shouting that they were horri- afraid to eat course food, work hard, and wear a fied and that calamity would come to our house. coat of common cloth, but from childhood I never But I stood where I stood and did not light any was taught to provide for my own living and earn incense. Then the women busied themselves aU pieces of money. the more to give the gods and all the vessels of worship an extra dusting. They put the gong, the "I am but a feeble woman and my learning is bronze incense burner, the pewter candlesticks little. I know only what is connected with the and the paper flowers in especially good order. duties of a wife and mother. Our ways in China For many days they caUed the attention of my are not the bold ways of Western lands where a lord to the fresh peaches of long life which they woman is taught to stand by herself and, yea, even put daily before his favorite idol. compete with a man for a living. If I should leave the lord of our household, another man would put "Then it came about that all those in the wom- forth his hand before the next moon could shine en's court hated me with a strong hatred. They and would place me in his house. Clearly I could dispised my Christian religion, yet faithfully I not stand out against my father and uncles in such read my Bible and prayed for them. Months a thing, and they surely would want to put me passed by and gradually, in answer to my prayers, into another home. the atmosphere around me was changed. No longer did the women scold me when they saw me "You, Shepherd Teacher, are greatly learned reading God's word. The first lady of the house about the way of life, the will of God, and the allowed aJl of us to go once a week outside our teaching of Christ, therefore tell this lowly one gate to visit friends, and that allotted time I used what to do. I will let it be as you decree, and will for attending the church service. then make my bow of farewell and depart. It will be to me as if Heaven sent me the mess.age "When you, Shepherd Teacher, announced that through your lips. Dr. Sun was coming to hold revival meetings I redoubled my prayers, with a strong heart asking A VALID MISSIONARY MOTIVE God that I might be allowed to attend all the meetings. Great was my joy when the first lady spoke Albert Schweitzer, of West Africa, says that to our lord saying that it would be all right with he is there, at least in part, because he must make her if I went every day to the services. Yea, the up to those black people some of the wrong that third wife even went with me each morning and his brother white men have done them. Almost evening. The Living God answered my prayers every contact on the continent of Africa, other and her heart became so moved that now no longer than that of the Christian missionary, has· been does she contribute to the Temple of the Precious for exploitation, or at least for selfish acquisition. Pear. Together we are reading the Bible and to- The missionary more than anyone else stands as gether we pray at dawn and dusk. It seems to me the unselfish friend of the man who is in need. that heaven is going to use us to lead the others This would be a sad world if there should be taken to a belief in the Jesus, the Son of the Living God. out this supremely sacrificial service, but the true Our household is changing already so that scold- motive and power come through Jesus Christ.

A Caravan in the Australian Bush*

~I~=========B=Y=M=A=R=J=O=R=IE==A=.=B=U=R=T=O=N========~I~ "I SHOULD do so much hetter if only there dence, and then proceed to furnish the altar, give were three of me!" expresses what a Bush out books, and greet his congregation as they ar- priest of Western Australia often feels, for rive. Yet often in these Bush services a real he has a parish the size of two English counties. atmosphere of devotion will be found and people That is why we have a mission caravan, for there will drive many miles to get to them: although are twenty-two such parishes in the Bush. The one parishioner did sum up things by saying, "I caravan, staffed by two women workers, visits wish we could get a church of our own here; you any parish at the rector's invitation, so that with can't possibly feel devotional kneeling on a stale an extra vehicle, driver and teacher he is, in some jam tart!"

small measure, enabled to have "three" of him for a few weeks.

The caravan is a house on wheels, complete with two beds, cupboards, table, and locker; all these are fixtures, and every added box or suitcase has to be made a fixture by means of straps and cords before the caravan moves.

The main Bush roads can be pretty good, but they can be very bad. In dry weather the sur- face corrugates, and the van has to slow down to ten miles per hour. While my driver became an expert in dodging corrugations where possible, I became an expert at securing the cupboard with one hand when the fastening shook loose, the while I pushed a suitcase into place with one foot and a bookshelf with the other! In wet weather greasy roads and bogs have to be contended with.

The main roads mostly follow along beside the rather primitive railway lines, crossing them here and there. Along these roads the little townships may be found, ten, twenty, thirty or more miles apart, each with its railway siding. A Bush parish is formed, not of one or two such town- A MISSION CAR IN THE AUSTRALIAN BUSH'

ships, but of six or eight as well as of the other It is to parishes and people such as these that centres, far from any railway, consisting of a the caravan is invited, either for an ordinary school and all the neighboring farms, be they visit, a special visit, or a mission visit. eight or ten miles from it. In the ordinary visit one is simply unofficial The main township of the parish has, besides curate for a few weeks. This usually includes the railway siding, a church, rectory, hospital, day-school teaching, Sunday school teaching, talkdoctor, bank, post office, hotel, roads-board hall, ingat Mothers' Union, guild or other services, school, and from five to fifteen shops. The church sometimes the brief training of future Sunday is frequently the only church in the parish. In the school teachers, and unlimited visiting, a few days other centres services are held in the hall. When being spent in ea'ch district of the parish. the rector arrives on Sunday morning the hall may be open and ready, or he may have to fetch I arrived just before nine one Monday morning the key, arrange the benches, sweep the floor clear at a school which was reassembling after a week's of the remnants of last night's dance, heave table holiday. When I asked the teacher whether I and kerosene boxes into place for altar and cre- might take the children he simply leaped at it. He had ended his week's holiday by traveling all • Condensed from pamphlet published by the S. P. G. "World night, and had arrived back at 5 a. m: He didn't 'Vide Series," London.

[ 193]

wait to enquire which of the children took reli- schools, visiting, services, etc., the van may be ingious instruction; he went to bed and left me with vited for a special purpose. A rector coming new the whole school! to a parish is often glad of extra help in his early months. In the caravan we undertake anything I have been to a school in a district that bor- that he wants done in the way of blazing the trail ; dered two parishes; it had first belonged to one map out his unknown districts, take greetings to parish and then to another. The parishes, too, his parishioners, assuring them that he will call had changed hands, with the result that this dis- as soon as possible, find out existing Sunday trict had had no service for over a year and one schools and possibilities of starting them where celebration of Holy Communion in the last seven they do not exist. years. Could one expect much of the children in the way of religious instruction in that school? In one very isolated district where there were many would~be candidates I was giving some in- But I have been to schools where the children tensive confirmation instruction in the few days know nothing of the Christian faith, and where I was there; boys and girls at school and after the teacher has said to me, "Before I came here s'chool, adults in the evenings. At their request I there was only one family that knew the Lord's returned on Sunday afternoon to instruct them on Prayer." Holy Communion. As it was the Sunday before Christmas, we started with a Christmas prepara- I have been to a school where, as I was teach- tion service. In a schoolroom that accommodated ing, I realized that the children were hearing for ten children there were now ten children and ten the first time of Calvary and the Resurrection. adults. Most of them had driven three or four These are children of a nominally Christian race, miles on open lorries and the thermometer regiswhite children, English-speaking children of tered 106°! After the preparation service I sug- British descent. But how they listen! Not infre- gested that anyone who wished to go could do so quently the teacher will sit down and listen with before our final instruction. Noone moved; all them. twenty stayed throughout; and we were there an hour and a quarter in all! Visiting in a Bush parish is also very varied. One house may be well and solidly built of sun- Then lastly there is the mission visit. From baked bricks, with a wide verandah all round; the many parishes where one has been for an ordinary next-a mile or so away from its neighbor, if you or special visit, an invitation comes for a return are out of a township-may be of weatherboard visit to conduct a mission. A children's mission or galvanized iron, while others are built of wheat is a joyous affair. The usual procedure is: Prepbags stretched on upright poles. A wall of one aration service the first evening; then, during layer of wheat bags does not offer very sound pro- each day of the mission, prayers at 8: 30 before tection, but inner and outer layers stretched firmly they go to school, fifteen minutes' blackboard inon each side of the poles and whitewashed make struction in church when they come out at 12, and quite a comfortable and attractive house. thirty minutes' mission service after afternoon school. This is sometimes followed immediately, In visiting one finds names of would..be con- or later in the day, by "quiet time," a very infirmation candidates, or of the unbaptized, or of formal time when the children are free to copy those who would like to join the Sunday school by blackboard illustrations, make their self-examina- Post. Usually we are warmly welcomed and of- tion, write intercessions and thanksgivings, or fered tea and cakes. Once I was met outside the come and discuss anything they wish. house by the mother of an unbaptized family, and we held our conversation there, not much assisted I have also taken children's one-day missions by two very butting goats; we finished the discus- behind the caravan at remote Bush schools far sion on baptismal regeneration with the mother from any church, where listeners sit on rugs (not holding the horns of one goat while I held the for damp.,proof but ant-proof purposes), and inhorns of the other! terviews are carried on in the caravan.

At one house the husband welcomed me with, "I'm so thankful," said one mother, "that my "I was glad when I saw it was two ladies coming; Ken has got into touch with the Church; he's been my wife never sees another woman, for our near- a different boy at home." est neighbor is seven miles off and has a little baby and can't get out." "I think," said one mother, Scorching sun and unending wind, hideous galafter we had talked and talked, "that God must vanized iron and revolting flies, but endless sparks have sent you to me; I'd got right down and was of keenness and new life, and the chance to lend needing someone to help me pick up again." This a hand in helping to build up the Church and to was not just a pious utterance; it was the normal see it witnessing in places where it did not; and, expression of what she felt. in spite of innumerable setbacks and disappoint- ments it is tremendously worthwhile. But besides these ordinary caravan visits to a parish, with the daily and weekly round of

African View~of Africa's

By S. S. TEMA -.e( A Minister of the Dutch Reformed Church,. at Present Assisting )at- at the Bantu Men's Social Center in Johannesburg, C. P.

A FRICA has just awakened from a deep sleep. white man's philosophy of life, but that it is Di- vine truth for all the world. The greatest need .i"1 She finds nations, great and small, on the then, is to bring to my people, as clearly as pos- march of civilization. She has now just sible, the truth that Christianity is no white man's joined the march, though well in the rear of the theory of what life should be; but that it is the caravan of civilization. She was called "Dark real, true, pure and best teaching about life, im- Africa," and rightly so. Today she may be called parted by Christ Himself, the Founder, Master "The Awakening Africa." The impact of West- and King. ern civilization is so great that the "real" that is in African life is at present put back, and we are The ground on which Christian principles are really oscillating between Africa and Europe. Our resting in the mind of Africa is rather unstable. greatest battle today is how to adjust ourselves We want something solid and firm, something to this civilization that is deeply influencing Afri- which would keep us going even if all the missioncan culture. We feel we are fast losing our foot· ary activities were to go on holiday for centuries ing. -something which would make the missionary bodies in Africa happy over the good work they We need then those elements and qualities have been doing. The African must learn above which make life worth living-justice, good will all to worship God as an African believer, not as and real happiness. Africa needs to develop spir- itually, intellectually and temporally. She is with- a Christian imitator. We must learn to deal diout doubt poor in mind and spirit. She is a slave rectly with God as a prayer-hearing God, as a God intellectually, and to a far greater extent is spir- of the impossibles and above all as a wonderful itually imprisoned. As a people we need spiritual God Who can guide and protect a nation, but Who stability, spiritual independence, intellectual inde- in turn demands that He shall be given His place pendence, and temporal independence. Do the in its life. Africa needs to be taught that she has present world trends promise Africa these? responsibilities to carry, and her spiritual respon- sibilities are not the least of her duties. Africa First of all is spiritual independence, which means the complete dependence on God and in- must still learn to trust God as her own God, a dependence of man. My people view Christianity God of the very poor, backward, black and needy as the white man's religion. They do not feel it souls in the heart of a dark, hot continent. is their religion. Some go so far as to say Chris- The second great need I have called intellectual tianity is but another way of the white man for independence. To me intellectual independence getting the best of the native. means that my people need to be taught how to When they look at the manner in which the think for themselves. They must learn to do Europeans are dealing with the many problems of things for themselves and by themselves. They life-political, industrial, educational, economic, must be creative, self-reliant, constructive and and even social-and realize that things are not self-supporting. Today we are but little more than what they think they should be, they are skeptical. machines taught certain principles and doctrines, They wonder why it is the Golden Rule is not good and merely doing or saying what we have learned.

enough for the Europeans. They begin to loosen The African needs originality in all the plans of their grip on the reality of Christian standards. his life. He also has to learn the importance of Enthusiasm dies away when they see nothing but cooperation and unity, which are so indispensable. shame. They say like the Israelites, "For it were to the whole system of life. The Africans must better for us to serve the Egyptians, than that we learn how to fill in for themselves the gaps in the should die in the wilderness." Africans measure molding of their own destiny. The need is to Christian standards by the failure of Western teach the African to use his own resources. He civilization. Europeans gave us very fine and has mental gifts just as well as any human being. lofty ideals, but why can they not live up to these But he has not known how to use them. Africa ideals? The Bantu do this because they do not needs to be inspired with the truth that as a peorealize the great fact that Christianity is no clever pIe she has great possibilities in both the religious [195 ]

and the intellectual fields. Have we no contribu- to save the situation? Another thing that is dotion to make in science, art, philosophy and in ing my people a certain amount of harm is deother spheres of life? We need to learn how to nominationalism. Our religion was a socio-relihave faith in other peoples, but more how to have gious system, or a relig~()-social system. Today faith in ourselves as a people. Let Africans learn we are broken up into denominations, all working to trust, and to be trusted by other races, then we on different lines and more or less on policies and have Africa developing for the good of humanity. doctrines which are in some cases contradictory. They cause bitterness and schisms in the lives of We cannot depend on the Europeans and re- people who w~re used to the old tribal family sysmain a spoon-fed nation. Africans should be tem. The common spirit of the joint family ties taught how to govern themselves. They must is gradually undermined, and the people are loslearn to direct their own affairs, and to become ing the real spirit of brotherhood and unity. Dethus an asset and not a liability as today. When nominationalism does more than that; it brings shall we grow to maturity? Some say we must in overlapping. The danger in the political world take about two thousand years because the Euro- seems to be a mania for colonial expansion, and I peans took that time. From the European point believe the danger in our religion today is overof view, we are only about two hundred and emphasized denominationalism with its doctrinal eighty-four years old, so that we are surely very differences. These things make an opening for young. Nevertheless, it is time we learned to sects, separatists, Roman Catholicism, and perwalk, and to stand on our own feet in upbuilding haps later even for such dangerous religions as and maintaining ourselves. In a half century or Mohammedanism. Why not give Africa the pure so we will be far from the stage we are in now. Gospel and leave out minor differences? Africa What is being done by those who are the trustees, is crying for the living God. Give Africa Christ the guardians, of Africa to prepare her for ma- and the new life He offers. turity? In Christianizing Africa, let us not forget that Missionary Work Africa has her own peculiar customs, beliefs and traditions and you cannot uproot all of these be- I believe I express the real feelings of Africa, cause they are deeply fixed in the minds of the religious or irreligious, when I say there is no African. Can we not find out by more research better memory in any true African than the those things which were part and parcel of primimemory of missionary work. What could Africa tive African religion and recognize in our work be, or do, if it were not for the work of Christian those sound principles which made our people a missionaries? No history of Africa can be com- people even before the arrival of Western civplete if it does not bring in the missionary as part ilization? and parcel of it. The chief need in making her whatever she should be is to allow missionary in- Africa wants to see Christ in Europe. We do fluence to become more dominant than it is today. not want to hear of wars, crises, economic depres- sions, unemployment, racial greed and pride. We In doing things, God has been using ordinary do not wish to hear of dictators and wild, brutal men, and ordinary men are not angels. They make war. These things make us think that Europe is mistakes, and so it is with the -missionaries. They planning and scheming things without God, or at made mistakes, and are still making some. As a least they do things first and then ask God to result we have had certain problems. These have bless them. We want only the best from Europe, come in the form of Ethiopianism, in the form of and to fuse these with the best that we possess. those undesirable separatist movements which are Africans want to be given a share in the spiritual, today very common in the South here. Many the intellectual and the temporal wealth of humansects are growing like mushrooms. There is also ity. We want a Christianity which will help us the problem of the rising generation of Africans to adjust ourselves to the overpowering prestige who are fast losing confidence in the Church. It of Western civilization. is difficult today to get the more educated youth of Africa to give the Church her rightful place in Missions in Africa can be improved by using their lives. The more they are educated, the more the African himself in Christianizing his own irreligious they seem to become. What are we go- people. Africa has very few leaders of her own ing to do with this growing skepticism in the edu- today. -Many of her present leaders are not the cated youth? best for us, but Africa needs the best. Our cry; then, is for the training of Africans of ability, Western civilization has brought a change in vision, faith and of love to God and Africa. Rethe life of Africa, but this change has done us ligious problems, social problems, and moral probsome harm. We have lost customs, traditions and lems are now so much one and the same that we laws, and even our very moral standards are need in Africa men of a special type to lead us. shaken. Demoralization is resulting in the growing generation. Can the Church not do something

Daniel-A Congo Apostle*

By JOHN MORRISON I }5t-.- American Presbyterian Congo Mission, ~ THE silence of early morning was broken by it all. Soon word came drifting in of a new force the mournful death wail which came from working for Christ in and around Luebo. He be- one of the little mud huts. The natives turned gan to travel farther afield, and on his own initiauneasily on their rough mats and shivered. It tive, many times in hut-to-hut visitation, brought was no uncommon noise, yet one could not still the together little groups for worship, often leaving shiver that crept up one's spine as the wailing them to form the nucleus of a future church.

sound rose in the air. But at intervals, pene- Mweka, a mushroom town on the new railroad, trating even the lamenting voices, a shrill cry be- was drawing away many mission boys in its de- tokened the presence of a little baby in the midst mand for labor. In towns of this kind there is of that awful sound. Such was Tshisunga's en- always great opening for the devil's agents and, trance into the world! The wasted body of his in spite of an evangelist being there, we knew heathen mother lay before him in the hut, sur- rounded by a group of heathen women, one of whom held the baby in her arms, rocking him to the swaying rhythm of her body as she lifted up her voice in valiant effort to drive the spirits from the hut wherein death had laid its hand.

When the hasty funeral was over there still re- mained the problem of the disposal of the child.

Many relatives raised their voices in the death- chant, but these same voices were still when a guardian was solicited for the new-born child.

Tshisunga's chance of learning much more about this world was a slender one until some one hit upon a happy solution. "Don't they care for orphan babies up there at the mission ?" Thus God prepared the way and the tiny babe was carried up the hill to become an inmate of the little home established by Miss Thomas and Miss Fearing.

As time went on Tshisunga became a school- teacher and later he entered our Industrial School, where his natural ability showed itself in his apti- T SHI SUNGA DAN I E L – A CONGO APOSTLE tude for fashioning little ivory curios out of ele- phant tusks and in acquiring a rough knowledge that many of the boys who had been reared on the of mechanics which served him later on. mission station were subject to sore temptation. Then Tshisunga took a hand. He had an old, He grew restless, however, and accepted an broken-down bicycle, which he patched up, and offer to work for a trading company on Lac Leo- one day off he set for Mweka, forty miles away. pold II, a spot several hundred miles from the He spent the week-end trying to enlist services of mission. Here for a considerable time he became some of the old mission boys in forming a Chrisindifferent to the claims of Christ and drifted tian Endeavor and succeeded in interesting about along with no definite aim in life. twenty. He came back to Luebo, but next week- end he returned and spent his time in going from One day at Luebo, however, as Mrs. Motte Mar- house to house until he had over a hundred who tin pled with him to come back to Christ, the promised to come out on Sunday to church. He shackles fell from his soul and he stood forth a kept up his visits there until he had some 200 soldier of the Lord Jesus. It seemed as if he re- going to Christian Endeavor, and when he left, gretted every moment that he had spent away from Christ, and was determined to make up for • Condensed from Congo Missi on News. there was a flourishing meeting run by its own [197 ]

native officers, many of them boys who, had they painful attacks of elephantiasis, when his leg bebeen left to themselves, might have been lost to came so swollen that even while resting he suf- Christ forever. He was so delighted with the suc- fered much, he still persisted in carrying on his cess of this first venture that he repeated his ef- work of soul-winning. I met him one day as he forts in several other places. came hobbling along after having been to see an old heathen woman. Poor old soul, she was cross Tshisunga's custom on Saturdays is to go to the with the world, and who can blame her? She native market, held not far from the mission, and lived in a little tumble-down mud hut, and toiled talk with anyone with whom he can strike up a painfully each day to the forest for firewood and conversation, telling him of Jesus and the way of to the spring for water. Each day meant a labosalvation. As he walked off from the market rious journey down a very steep hill, and a toilplace one day, he noticeq a woman carrying a some climb back with her heavy burden on her number of articles on her head, as is the native head. Uncared for, the only thing left for her was custom. When he broached the subject of Jesus, death, death without hope. It was just after one his Master, she laughed at him. of these expeditions that Tshisunga met her for the first time, and perhaps the time was a little "What do I want with Jesus; He is nothing to inopportune to speak to her at all. One job must me!" always follow another, she probably thought, as she was trying to repair her scanty fence. Tshi- He endeavored to say something more, but she sunga gave her "Good-day," and received a grunt. stepped out and left him. He kept on his way, He asked her if she knew Jesus; she glared at stopping to chat with people now and again, but him, and told him to be off about his business. As his heart was full of the woman who had spurned he didn't move quickly enough, she seized her staff his Master saying, "He is nothing to me!" He and drove him off. But he was undaunted. The prayed within himself, "Oh, God, help her to see old woman resumed her work on the fence, and the light." About two hours afterwards he came Tshisunga moved along to the other end, and to a village six miles farther on, and noticing a without further word started repairing it from group of women seated in the shade of a hut, he that end. She glanced at him from time to time went over to bid them "Good-day." He then no- as much as to say, "What game are you trying to ticed that the woman to whom he had spoken on play with me?" But he never looked her way. At the road was among the group and he spoke with last they met in the middle and the job was done. her again, but she mocked him. He sat there for "Well, that's one job done," said Tshisunga smila while praying silently: "Oh, Lord, do not let ingly, and the old woman smiled in response. this woman leave without accepting the Lord Poor woman, she had little chance to smile in this Jesus," and as he spoke to her, his innermost self life, and the help she received from others was communed with the Holy Spirit, striving to bring very little. They sat down to rest while Tshisunga His aid in helping the woman to see the light. told her of an old, yet new, Friend. Satan was loath to let go, but the faith that can remove mountains was his adversary. The woman Having been a backslider himself, he knows the grew silent, seemed to meditate; and then others wonderful peace and joy that a return to Christ who composed the group broke in. brings. He started a meeting for. those who had fallen by the wayside, and soon it grew so popular "Weare Christians," they said. "Why don't that the open spaces around his house were you accept Jesus?" crowded every Sunday evening with hundreds of people. He made the meeting as attractive as pos- Yet still the woman sat on, and still Tshisunga sible. He has a good ba8's voice and has sufficient prayed within himself, while pleading the Cross. ingenuity to construct a native xylophone. From At last the woman rose and moved off to another time to time he has added fresh attractions. He hut. She stood for a moment irresolute, then taught a number of boys to play simple reed inasked for a drink of water, and as the little group struments made from a native reed, and trained a watched her every movement, they saw her face choir of other boys and girls. He finally found break into a smile and turning, she came towards an old cast-off folding organ, and worked at it them. until he_ could accompany his choir. The main purpose of his meeting was never forgotten, and "Yes," she said, "I want to know Jesus, but how each evening a plea was made for all backsliders can I learn about Him? There is no one near us, to return to the fold. Many of them openly confor I live in a little village twenty miles from fessed their sins, and prayer was always made for here." them, and they were asked to stay behind when Tshisunga talked with them personally. He fol- She sat down again and Tshisunga told her of lowed up his work by going to their huts in the the wonderful love of Jesus, and when she rose to go she said: "I have no one to teach me, yet I will pray every day and God will send me help."

Tshisunga shows infinite patience and is never put out by refusal. He has suffered from very

A GOLDEN ANNIVERSARY IN EVANGELISM

village, and many a sinner was brought back to the satisfaction of playing it in the Second Church the fold in this way. The meeting still flourishes at Luebo, and of being choir leader and trainer in and, notwithstanding the fact that it has been go- that church. He has a good working knowledge ing on for some years, is still as popular as ever. of English and French and has not hesJtated to In fact, there are other places within the radius use this talent in the Master's service. In our of our Luebo work that have Sunday evening native service we were surprised to see two Pormeetings which they call "Tshisunga Daniel tuguese traders attend one Sunday morning and meetings." they have since become fairly regular attendants. Tshisunga had spoken to them of Christ. Surely the true value of a man's service will come out in his own household. His wife, Madia, He carries a little notebook and jots down the says, "I was always too timid to speak to others names and villages. of his converts, so that he can about their soul's salvation, but Tshisunga kept remember them in prayer. I asked him if he had urging me and I kept on trying. It was difficult any record of the number who had accepted for a long time, but now it gives. me great joy." Jesus through his ministrations. "Well," he said, Tshisunga conducts women's meetings at which "I can count only this year." That number was he teaches the Christian women how to do per- 2,145, and others had promised to learn. sonal work among other women. Would that we had more Tshisungas, white and He practiced hard at the organ, and now has black!

A Golden Anniversary in Evangelism Fifty Years Work of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, Founded by the Late Dr. A. B. Simpson By the REV. A. C. SNEAD, New York Foreign Mission Secretary of the Alliance FIFTY years ago, at Old Orchard, Maine, there ice, giving glory to God. China, the Tibetan was formed "a simple and fraternal union of all who hold in common the fulness of Jesus in border, India, Annam; Africa – Congo, Sudan, His present grace and coming glory." This simple union developed into The Christian and Mission- Timbuctoo; Latin America and the Isles of the ary Alliance, "pledged to take the whole Gospel to the whole world till Jesus comes." The "whole Seas called urgently and with whole-hearted en- Gospel," as presented by Dr. Simpson is a "fourfold Gospel" – including redemption, sanctifica- deavor he responded. The record of occupation tion, divine healing and the Second Coming of Christ. and achievement in Alliance Missions today is a This year the Golden Jubilee anniversary is be- roll call of places and lands over which he yearned ing celebrated in the twenty fields into which the Alliance has gone with the Gospel. As one result and for whose evangelization he prayed. of this work the baptized membership of 44,497 in the foreign fields is now (in 1935) greater than "The Christian and Missionary Alliance is not the total membership of these churches in the United States and Canada. Rev. A. C. Snead says: a missionary movement only, but it is called of "Dr. A. B. Simpson, like Abraham, when he God to declare at home and abroad the message of was 'called, . . . obeyed, . . . went out, . . . sojourned,. . looked,' and God gloriously the fulness of Jesus. We not only have a work to blessed him. And because He blessed him, the movement grew and spread far and wide. Since do but we have a life to live, and only as we truly the Founder died, the work has further increased and the movement goes on in scope and power, the live this life – Christ in you – can we surely do ministry continues in humble dependence upon God, and the message is still Christ Himself. Dr. this work in the regions beyond. By the grace of Simpson lived and wrought by faith that the grace of God might be fully manifested and the God, and through grace in the loyal, loving minglory of God fully revealed. He waxed strong in faith and pressed onward in the world-wide serv- istries of thousands at home and in the foreign fields, the missionary work of the Alliance has grown and borne fruit in goodly measure.

"The following figures show the growth of the work in the last fifteen years: 1920 1935 Number of fields ………………. . 16 20 Number of missionaries …………. . 342 508 Native Workers ……………….. . 715 1,527 Baptisms during year …………… . 1,649 6,187 Inquirers during year …………… . 3,993 21,759 Organized churches …………….. . 130 473 Church Membership …………….. . 11,923 44,497 Sunday Schools ……………….. . 162 935 Sunday Scholars ……………….. . 8,949 37,098 Stations ……………………… . 111 134 Outstations …………………… . 475 1,344 Bible School students …………… . 241 362

"The Christian and Missionary Alliance is now as we increase in the knowledge and fulness of working among ninety-five languages and prin- Christ can we increase in the scope and fruitfulcipal dialects. Twenty-four of these were entered ness of our service for Christ. Surely in this before the end of 1919, the year that Dr. Simpson Jubilee Year God wants us to continue and indied. The other seventy-one have been entered in crease our obedience to Christ's command, 'Go ye.' the years 1920 to 1936, inclusive. In about thirtysix of these languages and dialects The Christian "Let us go forward by preaching and pen, by and Missionary Alliance is the only evangelical prayer and purse. We must send forth the workwitness. The population for which The Alliance men by prayer and purse, that they may make is responsible in its mission fields is 72,643,000. God known to men and bring men to God."

"The Alliance, in its foreign work, ministers We also quote as follows from the Golden Anthe Word of God to men and women among all niversary Booklet: the great racial and religious groups of earth- Indians in South America, Negroes and pagans in "The Golden Anniversary of the Alliance this Africa, the peoples of India, China, Japan and the year will be observed throughout the fellowship Isles of the Sea, among many others. Roman by a renewed emphasis on prayer and evangelism. Catholics, Syrian and Greek church groups; Mos- With God's blessing organized evangelism will be lems, Jews, Tibetans, Confucianists, Taoists, energized by the working of the Holy Spirit and Buddhists, Hindus; Animists and pagans of many the harvest will be of God's own gathering. The kinds are found in our world-wide parish. Missionary Training Institute at Nyack, New York, is a vital link in doing effective missionary "God has set the Alliance in strategic crossways work. Throughout the United States and Canada of the world for work among tribes and peoples the anniversary is being commemorated in a Bible yet unevangelized. In a recent trip in Kwangsi, and Missionary Crusade which will be featured South China, two missionaries, a new recruit and in the Annual Council in New York City in May an older veteran, met people of six different tribes and throughout the summer conventions. Misand had previously visited those of a seventh. sionary conventions will also be held in thirty or The tribes are: Chwang, Timber Yao, Dog Yao, forty principal cities of America and definite ad- Black Miao, White Miao, Tung, and Red Yao. In vance is planned in reaching new objectives and Kweichow-Szechuan are eleven counties with opening pioneer areas to the Gospel. their vast multitudes of Chinese and tribespeople and as yet the Alliance has opened work in only "The intent of Dr. Simpson was not to found a four. French Indo-China presents three great new denomination, but to bring about an Alliance racial groups, totaling more than twenty million of those who would cooperate in taking the fullsouls, and in addition eighty or more tribes and orbed message of the Bible to the unreached peomany dialects. In the Southern Philippines are ples of earth. The General Council of the Somany Moslem and pagan groups and work is being ciety, in 1934, passed a Special Resolution bearing done in seventeen languages and dialects. In the on the broad fraternal relations of the work as Netherlands East Indies, six languages are being follows: regularly used and many others are represented in our Bible School. In French West Africa, Al- "The Society is not merely an organization but a moveliance responsibility is for five million out of the ment, and God is not interested in the preservation and twelve million total and for more than one-third of perpetuation of organizations as such, but in the blessing the 103 tribes. Already the witness is being given of great movements that honor Christ in all His Scripin thirty-one languages or dialects. In the new tural fulness, and are loyal to His calling to world-evanfield of French Gabon, six tribes are represented gelization. . . . The statement of objects in its Constituat the station and other tribes are yet to be tion clearly indicates the fact that the Alliance earnestly brought within the range of the Gospel. The desires the full fellowship and cooperation of Christians three missionary couples are studying respec- everywhere, in the great program of a full Gospel mestively: Massango, Banzebi, and Yipounou. In sage to the world and of prosecuting an intensive mis- Colombia, Ecuador and Peru are other tribes of sionary advance. mountain Indians and denizens of the jungles, while in all of the twenty fields of the Alliance "Areas newly opened by the developments of there are hungry hearts and needy lives to whom world trade, tribal chiefs bewildered by the imwe must minister. pact of civilization; independent kings puzzled by the urgency of world events, exploration of hidden "We have a work to do, a commission to obey, highways in the dark heart of Gontinents, and the a message to proclaim, which can only be accom- roar of aeroplanes that are making the inaccesplished by God Himself working in us and through sible a commonplace of travel, call us anew to an us to will and to do of His good pleasure. Only unfinished task. . . . God grant that the obedience of God's people shall move to bring His blessing down upon a sin-sick, weary world." * • The anniversary objectives include 100.000 prayer partner,. $700.000 for Missionary Evangelism. and 30.000 subscribers to The Alliance Weekly.

on the Christian

I By REV. CHARLES A. PLATT, East Orange, N. J. I~ _…et Assistant Minister of the First Presbyterian Church ~==========================~ I F YOU want to know the power of Christ in produce in the youth of America a missionary zeal this modern world, go out on the frontiers .of that will lead them to accept Christ as their Lord Christian thought and action. Look at our and to spread the vital, dynamic world-brotherreligion as it comes face to face with the majQr hood that He represents. problems which confront human life. How does it measure up in comparison to the other two II world forces, Communism and Facism? What is it doing to promote world peace and good will PrQbably the best method of understanding the among the nations? The best way to answer these power of Christ in the world today is to approach questions is to study the missionary enterprise. our present problems from the frontier angle. What has Christianity tD .offer a mDdern, indus- I trialized, interrelated mass of peoples? Why should we nDt all turn cDmmunist and dedicate . One .of the most erroneous ideas about Chris- our lives to the crushing of all unsympathetic tian work tDday is that missions is an appendage groups and to the glorification of the proletariat? .of the Church. Many are apt to think of religiQn Why should we be concerned with the problems as consisting of theolQgy, educatiQn, social proh- .of the wDrld, why nQt build up a colossal defense lems, and worship activities of the average Amer- in our own nation and then defy the rest .of maniean church, and we think of missionary activity kind? as some additional service-rather magnanimous but unnecessary. To hold such a view is to miss Looking at such questions from the Christian the whole spirit of Christ and (what is just as missionary angle has two distinct values. In the first place, we see Christianity stripped of past serious) to neglect the best available .medium .of momentum, standing on its own twentieth-eentury religious and Christian education. feet. On the frontier .our Christian life must go For fifty-one weeks we have been studying mis- forward to victory or must go down in inglDrious sions, with a group of young men and women in defeat. Secondly, the missionary enterprise is our church. Why? In order that we might under- seen to be an international institution already stand Christianity! We want to see Christianity functioning, and capable of exerting a tremendous on the firing line, not as it exists behind a mass influence in many .of the conflict areas of the .of traditi.ons and well established institutiQns. world. We want t.o know what Christianity has to offer Not long agD an outstanding church leader was when Communism is calling youth to follow a asked: "Can the Church be a force in the estabmaterialistic cause. We want to know Christ's lishment of world peace tDday?" His answer was answer when nationalistic forces, fill youth with an unqualified, "No!" But many thinking young ambitious ideas as to the supremacy of one nation people are thankful that they have a different or one race. idea. They say, "Look at the great number of out- posts of Christianity in countries like Persia and The youth of America seem to be placidly talk- China and Mexico where the influence of Coming about world friendship, while the youth of munism is being felt. Think of the mission staother countries are being filled to the bursting tions in Chosen and Japan and Cuba where napoint with nationalistic propaganda. Will this tionalism is the order of the day. The Church on wave of acute nationalism sweep America into the firing line offers one of the greatest .oPporwhat will be virtually another "holy war," s,imply tunities for fostering the cause of world peace because Christian youth has not caught the ideals that we have." and enthusiasm of Christ? The one world Leader who came to bring peace is receiving less support Youth is learning to expect great things from from the youth .of today than are any of the other the missionary enterprise in the way of influencworld leaders who seem to be hurtling civilization ing the international activities of various countoward another horrible struggle. What can we tries. It is the best program yet devised for the do to change this, condition? The answer is to education of all peoples to a sense of W.orld broth- [201 ]

erhood, and to the Christian (not Western) way will enable the Christian to face the world and its of living. We do not need more peace agencies! problems, and to triumph? To answer this phase We have enough overhead organization! We of Christianity it is again necessary to look have made enough resolutions! What we must do through the eyes of the missionary. What would is to give a more whole-hearted support to those you do if you were a missionary in a land where Christian missionary agencies that are already Christ is almost unknown? What are the qualifiset up, and which can do a most effective piece of cations of the missionary that enable him to prework when backed by the Christians of the world. sent Jesus Christ in a vital, appealing way? And What keeps the missionary going in the face of III incredible odds?

Furthennore, missions is our only hope for These questions bring us face to face with our pl'ogress toward the supremacy of Christ. We own spiritual needs. Viewing the whole matter hear many prophecies these days concerning the of personal religious life from the standpoint of future of the world. Whatever else may be said, "frontier life" enables us to see more clearly that it is certainly obvious that as the years go on the the Christian's devotional life is the power-station Orient will play an ever increasingly important of successful endeavor. Our great task in the part in international affairs. Does not this offer home church is to inspire in our youth that devoto us a great challenge? Some say that the next tion-to -Christ and that missionary zeal which will world empire will be that of the yellow race: transform character. China-Japan. This is only a human prediction. But the fact remains that the future of the world, Christian frontiers present the most vital kind in its uplifting aspects, depends largely upon a of Christian activity for thinking youth today. Christian Orient. How can this be brought about? Out there is no dependence on the momentum of Missions is our best and most practical answer. the past. There, we must do or die. Christ is the only One who is sufficient to meet the needs of the But let us get back to the next immediate step valiant souls on the mission fields. Is He not suffiin Christian progress, What is the Christian dy- cient also to meet the needs of those of us who namic of life? What are the qualifications which remain at home?

Missions and the Critics* By the REV. HOWELL D. DAVIES, Chicago, Illinois Regional Secretary of the Congregational and Christian Churches CRITICISM of missions is nothing new. It is should help themselves; that we shouldn't med- naIve to suppose that all went swimmingly dle and disturb those already contented; that they until the Laymen's Inquiry was launched. don't want us anyway; that missionaries cause The East India Company refused passage to mis- trouble; that they destroy native culture; that sionaries and stigmatized missions as the most they are all agents of American imperialism, etc. fantastic and lunatic idea that ever entered the human mind. Ridicule was common. Classify the Criticisms "Here you propose to export religion, whereas 1. Those hostile to Christianity itself. People there is none to spare at home," said a Massa- who see no value in the Gospel will see no value in chusetts legislator. His attitude was typical. Missions. Such a playas "Rain" and such articles as those in the American Mercury ridiculing mis- A list of objections a century back is identical sions in the South Seas are only caricatures like _ with what is heard today: that we have so many that of Jack London, who pictures a missionary needs at home; that we shouldn't interfere with in a Prince Albert and stove-pipe hat preaching the religions of others; that their own religion is the creation of the world in six literal days, to best suited to them; that missions are pater- near-nudist natives who are skeptical because they nalistic and pauperizing; that foreign peoples could not make even a canoe in less than two weeks. * From The .Missionary He,raId, Boston.

MISSIONS AND THE CRITICS

Over against all such we can put the judgment those wh'O receive it who are most competent to of first..hand, able observers. judge of it. None apparently are dissatisfied with "I suppose," said R. L. Stevenson, "I am in the the article sold them and want to return it.

position of many persons. I had conceived a great Rather they recommend it to their friends as prejudice against missions in the South Seas. I something superior to what they have had before.

had no sooner come there than that prej udice was The Japanese list six points 'Of superiority of reduced, and then at last annihilated." Christianity to Buddhism. God, as personal. God "A man that took one fairly by storm for the seeking men. The sense of personality. Pracmost attractive, brave, and interesting man in the tical, convenient Scriptures. A superlative ethical whole Pacific," he said of James Chalmers of New sense. Social justice and service. Guinea. 4. The criticisms of those who judge everything "I certainly should have predicted," said Darwin by a single unfortunate detail, such as an ignorant after seeing the work among the Indians of Tierra or tactless missionary, an unwise local policy, a del Fuego, "that not all the missionaries in the bungled program, a wasted dollar. Judged by world could have done what has been done." this standard, "Who or what, 0 Lord, anywhere, shall stand?" Ex~President Taft could not praise too highly the missionary work he observed in the Philip- One poor farmer is not sufficient t'O condemn pines when he was governor. agriculture, a poor preacher the ministry, a fake mining scheme the whole mining enterprise, a stu- "I have observed the results of their labors," dent flunk all education, nor a quack doctor the wrote the author and traveler, Alexander Powell, whole medical profession. "in every great field of evangelistic entleavor, and it angers me to hear missionaries and their work 5. The laissez-faire obiections of those who condemned." want things left alone-all forces and factors, to work out themselves. But laissez-faire never built "In my judgment the Christian missions have a school, founded a hospital, or developed a lightdone more lasting good to the people of India than ing plant and water system at a conference camp. all other agencies combined," stated the Governor The consistent laisseZ-faire critic will recognize of Bengal. Christianity as a force with the same rights as any other force. "After thirty thousand miles of travel and something like three hundred interviews," wrote the newspaper correspondent, Charles A. Selden, 6. The cross-fire based on the idea that we have "my prejudices gave way to great respect f'Or the only a social Gospel to offer and that nearly every missionaries and their work." effort is of a political scheming sort, gate~rashing "I believe that every dollar invested in foreign and imperialistic, the work of reactionary, self- missions has produced greater returns than any centered or even villainous denominational dollar invested in any human enterprise," said Boards.

William Boyd, Advertising M.ana,ger, Curtis Pub- The answer is that the motive and movement lishing Company. of missions are love and friendship, however in- 2. Those of ardent nationalists like Gandhi who adequate be the channels through which it flows. object to proselyting. Should courtesy .keep us The earthen vessel is only too apparent but in it is the treasure of divine redemption. from offering the Gospel, therefore, in India?

No, for it can be offered without objectionable 7. The criticisms of uninformed and selfish proselyting. Moreover, the Gospel is n'Ot one cul- church people. Education, persistent and kindly, ture displacing another and it belongs no more to can help the former and more Christian grace the America, England, or France than to India itself. latter. The trouble is to connect information and The Gospel has no less right of way than love with these parties. All that can be said for science, commerce or education. It can only help the Gospel itself can be said for missions, and India's nationalism in the higher sense. It is shall it not be said?

doubtful if many or if any Hindus regard their There is a sufficient answer to every criticism religion as for others. . honestly and sincerely proffered. But better than 3. Those ignorant of the whole idea. All objec- all answering of objections is an infusion of tions based on misconcepti'Ons are invalid. On Christlike love. Our great need is to make more any such theory all life would stop, for there is church members into Christians.

nothing against which objections based on igno- 8. The criticisms of sincere friends of the rance are not directed. B'Oth Democrats and Re- cause. "Faithful are the wounds of a friend."

publicans will tell you this. Prejudice being the All constructive criticism can do 'Only good. The thing that begins where your information leaves cause most to be pitied is the one that has lost the off, no enteliprise should halt for just that. capacity to criticize itself.

Presumably it is those who take the Gos,pel and The church of the 16th century was saved by

the self…criticism of Protestantism.· And this goes gation, knowing this means vindication and infor missions too. The verdict was: "The mission terest. Worse than to be criticized is to be must go on and there is enough in its program to ignored, and most of all to be ignored by church bankrupt Christendom if we try to do all that is people. calling to be done." But it may be safely said that missions cannot *** and will not be ignored by those who know the God who is the God of all the earth and not the In brief, most negative criticisms of missions God of a tribe, whether it be a family tribe, a are at bottom rationalizations of prejudice, igno- community tribe or a national tribe. rance and selfishness. Missions welcome investi- Combating Communism With Christian Service in Kiangsi* By GEORGE W. SHEPHERD, Kienning, Fukien Secretary of the North China Christian Rural'Service Union A FEW years ago some missionaries met at training that type of men: the Union High School Kuling to discuss communism. We invited in Foochow." Madame Chiang Kai-shek and asked her what she thought about how to overcome com- The government of Kiangsi expressed itself as munism. "I would like to ask this question," she determined to replace crooked politicians and corsaid; "what are we Christians doing? Do we rupt magistrates with men who have a definite not have some responsibility toward the needs of interest in the welfare of the people. China ?" In addition to supplying the government with "We are not an official body," we replied. men and women of integrity and training, the "Then pass it on to an official body." Church decided that it ought to respond to the The challenge was passed on to the National challenge to help reorganize society in the recov- Christian Council, and this body invited its rural ered communist areas, and to lend a hand in worksecretary, Mr. Chang Fu-liang, and myself, mis- ing out some of the acute economic and social sionary of the American Board, to report to an problems of the toiling masses. enlarged meeting in Nanchang, Kiangsi. A thorough investigation convinced these Chris- The Kiangsi Christian Rural Service Union was tian leaders, that the government had already em- organized and the National Christian Council apbarked upon a program for the improvement of proved the plan agreed upon: the life of the people, and that the invitation extended to the Christian forces was no political That it should be people-centric, rather than move, but was actuated by a sincere desire for the centered in an institution or the government; well-being of the farmers and workers. that it should train local leadership; that it The government leaders argued that the should test and adapt results of successful experi- Church and its institutions had men and women ments already under way in China; that it should of character and training, who ought to be re- work in a limited area; that it should assist local leased for remolding the life of the people in war- leaders in carrying out a program within the ecotorn Kiangsi and adjoining territory. nomic capacity of the people to support; that it "Do you have three hundred young men," asked should give the Christian religion an important the Commissioner of Education, "such as are place in serving the whole man and the whole trained in the Union High School in Foochow? community. Men who could come into the business of rural reconstruction under the government?" The central feature of this proposed project was "No! there is only one school in China that is to be the training of indigenous leadership by a traveling normal school of experts through serv- * From The Missionary Herald. ice-in-training and supervision of work.

The lines of service were intended to include vil- lage organization, agricultural extension, public health, the development of village industries, or-

COMBATING COMMUNISM WITH CHRISTIAN SERVICE IN KIANGSI

ganization of cooperatives, and the teaching of sician, who came highly recommended by her religion. school, went out into the area and began by treat- At the head of the traveling normal school were to be two executive secretaries, a Chinese and a ing disease. One pair of hands could not wait on missionary, to spend most of their time on the all who came to her, so her business was to find field, directing the work of the project. out the things she could teach the farmers to do The area selected for work was Lichuan, a Hsien forty miles from the American Board Mis- for themselves, such as to put drops into their sion at Shaowu. It is impossible to convey to outsiders the depths of human misery which have own children's eyes. . been accepted as the common lot of almost every human being born into Lichuan society. Through "Go into the villages and find out some things corrupt administration, banditry, and Communism the people have been reduced to extreme poverty. they need," we said to the college girls. They dis- It is a good place for the Church to tackle the covered that none of the women could cut out and economic, social, and religious problems of the make their children's clothes and had been empeople, who declare that, given peace and security, they can make a living. ploying traveling tailors. These tailors had been The question arose-how to finance this work a pesky nuisance for a few hundred years. with trained men? Doctors, nurses, agriculturists, specialists in industry, chemistry, and rural The college girls got those farmer women toeducation-college graduates-were needed. gether and cut out women's and children's gar- Christianity has a program for China and workers were invited to volunteer for service, for ments. their expenses. No farmer in that district has tools with which I was asked to come and speak to the boys for to make or mend his own baskets. We called in two hours at the Central Political Training Academy in Nanking, where all the diplomats and key- a man to teach them. men of the Chinese Government are trained. The We felt that we ought to appeal to Chinese President said that he wanted these young men, the future leaders of China, to know what the Christians to support this work and were sur- Church is attempting to do. Only one other foreigner had ever been invited to speak there, prised at the response. Muriel Lester of London. "We will give you half your budget of $100,- We had so many volunteers for service that we 000," said General and Madame Chiang Kai-shek. were perplexed and surprised. The National Mass Education Movement, of which Dr. James Yen is "I will give $5,000," said one man. "If you the director, sent three experts to organize a rural school and direct mass education. Yenching Uni- don't raise your budget come back and I will give versity, through its Department of Political Science, put two men in the village of Lichuan. another $5,000." That five-year work budget of Ginling College put two women graduates on the field and Nanking Theological Seminary sent one $100,000 is now practically assured. of its graduates to take charge of religious education under the direction of Professor Frank The National Economic Council and the Pro- Price. vincial Government are both deeply interested in the work at Lichuan and expect to utilize methods The young volunteers were asked to move out into the villages, live where there were nothing and materials that may be of value to other combut dirt floors, and to sleep on camp cots or pine planks. munities.

"We had no idea that the people of China lived The influence of this experiment upon the naas these people live," they said; "not even ancient Chinese culture is here, to say nothing about mod- tional program has far exceeded its intrinsic ern China." worth. Springing out of this move toward a fuller Some members of the group said: "We don't need $30 (Mex.) a month living expenses; we life for country dwellers is a widespread detercan live on $20." mination to abolish corruption and insist upon a How does the group work? The woman phy- fair deal for toilers. For the first time in the history of modern China the nation has a sufficient number of tech- nically trained men and women to fill important government positions. It is noteworthy how large a proportion of these are graduates of Christian colleges and universities. The people in our group justify our claim that a man who has had Christian experience should have a higher type of character than any other person in the world. Some institutions in China are academically the equals of Christian colleges, but are they producing character? Many in China say that they are not. This first year we will begin to give Christian teaching to the farmers who have been Commu- nists for a long time. Little booklets by Frank Price on the relationship of citizenship and char- acter make a very good approach. Much of the Christian religion is introduced and readers are

invited to come to special classes for the definite struction which will effectively neutralize Comstudy of Christianity. munist influence. An enormous amount of money and energy has been unavoidably devoted to the This project was launched as a venture in former of these which General Chiang and his Christian faith and we are being given an oppor- colleagues would otherwise have expended on the tunity to prove that we are followers of our latter. But with perhaps less of the former men- Lord, who was rich, yet for our sakes became ace hereafter to be feared and a sobering realizapoor, that we through his poverty might be rich. tion of the urgency of agrarian and other eco- nomic improvements, this Government has Dr. Leighton Stuart, President of Yenching achieved so much thus far in the face of stagger- University, Peiping, writes: "No more construc- ing obstacles that I have full confidence in its tive service could be rendered by Chinese intel- ability and intention to undertake the progressive lectuals than in the clarifying of these two issues measures which become more possible with grownow so confused – the protection of territorial ing confidence among its own people and less of administrative integrity from Japanese encroach- foreign interference." ments and an enlightening policy of social recon- Pioneering in a Cairo Slum* ~ ~.. I By MISS M. C. LIESCHING, Cairo i }lJE-•.- ~==========================~I BOULAC is the most thickly populated and the school. In those days every little pupil came with poorest part of Cairo. It is the haunt of a baby brother, or sister, hoisted up astride her vice, fanatically Moslem, and a place where shoulder. These filthy mites, generally full of the unfortunate drug addict abounds. Most fam- sores, and with fly-infested eyes, were the next to ilies live in one room, with no water supply and ·claim our attention. Government baby welfare no sanitation. Water has to be fetched daily from centres were only just being thought of in Egypt public taps, and paid for; so it is not surprising (it was the C. M. S. in Old Cairo that had the that cleanliness is at a discount. Rubbish is either honor of opening the pioneer welfare), and they thrown out into the streets, where it lies all day had not reached Boulac. rotting and collecting masses of flies, or it is left on the roof to dry, to be used later as fuel. So we started a Baby Welfare, with a clinic open twice a week, and systematic visiting in the The Ragged Sunday School homes on four other days. But what a business it was gaining the women's confidence and overcom- We looked from the windows of the C. M. S. ing their suspicion! High School in Boulac into this slum, and thus its existence was forced upon our consciousness and It takes a very long time for a new idea to peneour consciences. We began to fear that we might trate the mind of a Boulac woman, or of any other be allowing our girls, themselves receiving a first- uneducated woman, sufficiently for her to act rate education, to think of Christianity far too upon it. "How much better," we said, "to premuch as something which flowed into one, and not pare the future mothers than to repair those in through one to others. So we took them out, under whom wrong ideas are ingrained." chaperonage, into the almost unpenetrated fastnesses of Boulac to open a Ragged Sunday school The Little Girls' Club for little girls in the most despised section of this despised neighborhood. Two years pre- Thus we were led to the opening in 1~31 of what viously the C. M. S. had opened a boys' club in a is now known as the Little Girls' Club. We have rented coffee house, and it was in the same prem- some fifty children who come daily from 2 to 4 ises that we started the School of Love. "Sunday p. m. to learn reading and writing, hygiene, and school" would convey nothing to the people. the care of the home and baby. Each child is en- gaged at present on making a set of baby clothes, For some years it was more like a zoo than a and six at a time take turns in attending the wel- fare twice a week, to help in the bathing room and • Condensed from Church Missionary Outlook. to watch treatments. Last year we added another

A CHINESE COMMUNIST FINDS CHRIST

educative agency in the form of a children's have some real alleviation to offer that one feels prayer corner, i. e. a place set apart for quiet and is not just charity. with such an arrangement of beauty as to suggest worship and reverence. It is proving a real The Nursery School help to the children's prayer life, and indeed to all .of us. This year we have been able to start among The significant years between two, when the the senior girls who have learnt to read, both baby leaves the welfare, and six, when she can Moslem and Christian, a branch of the Bible Read- enter the club, were, however, not cared for. Last, ing Fellowship, using notes on Course C which we started, two years ago, a nursery class, the have recently been published in Arabic. first of its kind in Egypt. Elder girls from the club find here another practising school, by acting The Embroidery Industry as voluntary helpers with the toddlers, a most val- uable training for future motherhood. The med- We want to help our girls to deal with the two ical inspection that watched over the first two big problems of their life, boredom and poverty. years of the baby's life through the visits of the It was to find a solution to these that Miss Elsie welfare doctor, is now continued through mem- Anna Wood started an embroidery industry, using bership· of the nursery class. The happy home the beautiful eastern designs and coloring. This spirit and individual care that characterize the work is sold; a proportion of the profits goes to Nursery School are due to the personality of its the girls, and the rest helps to make the club self- superintendent, the babies' beloved "Sitt Linda," supporting. A most interesting development has an Egyptian girl, herself a trained welfare been that some of the poorest of the welfare moth- worker, who combines a deep spirituality of char- ers begged to be taught the embroidery'too, and acter with a most practical efficiency of detail. through its means have been able to live through long periods when their husbands have been out Thus we can now through the Baby Welfare, of work. They themselves greatly benefit by the the Nursery School, and the Little Girls' Club mental and social uplift of the work; and what an bring Christian influence to bear on every year immense help it is to us as we go about, meeting of a Boulac girl's life from birth to marriage. We on all sides such hopeless, grinding poverty, to must bring living water to the girls of a Cairo slum, as our Lord long ago offered it to a woman of despised Samaria.

A Chinese. Communist Finds Christ The Story of a Young Chinese Who, in Times Past, Had Participated in Some of the Communist Attacks upon Christian People in Shensi By the REV. JOHN G. MAGEE Church of the Triumphant Way, Hsiakwan, l~anking, China A CHINESE youth who belonged for six years the subject for that day was Jesus as the Saviour. to the "kill-or-be-killed" group of Commu- He was deeply impressed and began to read the nists in Shensi, went last year as a dele- Bible. Later he came to a missionary and said gate to the secret Communist meeting in Peking. that while praying he had seen Christ, who told Upon his return he was arrested by Chinese offi- him that he must fast and pray for a whole week. cers but escaped execution through a confusion of At the end of the week the boy told him that it names. While in prison he began to think seri- had been the greatest experience of his life, ously of the past years and realized that, though that hereafter he belonged to Christ and would his motives were to help China, the whole cam- preach the Gospel. He immediately began to paign had only caused more suffering. In prison preach publicly and to denounce the Communists. he read Karl Marx and Confucius, but received He is now in a Christian university and hopes no help. He was in despair after his release after five years to go back to Shensi to preach the from prison he attended a Bible School where Gospel. Effective Ways of Working 'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO d~,.,=============================================== MISSIONARY PLANS FOR was being used by the woman's Stuart visits us about every two society of the church. Most years. He speaks Sunday mornings ALL CHURCH WORKERS plans and programs featured in and then meets groups, particularly this Department under a wom- in the homes. In this way the foreign Among ihe life renewals of an's signature might be used mission appeal becomes concrete and equally well by "the brethren" personal. This is the best kind of the season is the springtime and vice versa. Pastors take thing we do in our church. notice! forecast of fresh endeavors Lacking a personal represenamong local missionary organ- Undergirding Principles tative on the field, any pastor or other church leader may secure izations whose plans and pro- There should be a united aim, such "living links" from time to gram building must take their all the way from beginners. and time and arrange opportunities primary tots up to pulpit 'en- for contacts with every age keynote from the new mission deavors, namely: So to present group in the church. In the instudy books and their presenta- a missionary theme as to give terim between such visitations, an .appreciative understanding the use of impersonations (costion in regional conferences soon of the people under considera- tumed or otherwise) of workers to be held. If nature is to set the tion, feel our kinship with them living or dead whose biographies pace, a mere duplication of last and realize the opportunity for can be obtained from most de:' sharing with them the task of nominational publication headyear's procedures will be inade- building the Kingdom of Jesus quarters warms up and vitalizes quate; for nature is cumulative Christ on earth. Away with the informational matter. There is in her output, whether it be of idea of racial superiority and the no substitute for life or as near weeds or useful vegetation. In gesture of patronage. Even if an approach to it as possible, in view of the resemblance of ruts it were consistent with the spirit motivating missionary activity. to graves, the Department Edi- and teachings of Christ, it would Plans for visualizing or dramator renews her plea for diversi- have become obsolete in the pres- tizing the new missionary topics fication and the adoption of im- ent state of mind of all "foreign" will be given in succeeding proved "ways of working" each peoples. They are all poten- issues. year. In this and the succeeding tially our equals, and the task of issue timeless principles and actuating that potentiality is It may seem redundant to plans mainly of a universal our privilege and obligation. mention as a second undergirdmould will be considered; and The ways of bringing to pass ing principle the value of swingwhile some suggestions may be that "appreciative understand- ing into line with other evanspecific to definite age interests, ing" form the motivation of all gelical folk by adopting the the majority can be adapted to plans and programs. It is not United Mission Study texts and their purP9ses by pastors, Bible for any of us finally to evaluate helps. But the contents of the school workers and a variety of those ways, but a paramount one Department E d ito r 's correlocal organizations. And by the is that of furnishing opportunity spondence file would surprise way, isn't the label "women's" for personal touch with live mis- you in their revelation of the and "men's" this and that be- sionary workers. number of inquirers who are coming a bit passe? Save for still in the hop-skip-and-a-jump certain adolescent features in Justin Nixon, pastor of the wilderness and have not heard unripe youth, is not teamwork Brick Presbyterian church 9f of any union highw.ay. In addirather than sex segregation our Rochester, N. Y., said in a recent tion to the advantage of finding ideal? Our pace setting young letter to the Editor: available the great volume of people would dub you a "back textbooks, suggestions, programs number" if a sex label were made The appeal of foreign missions to and other helps on the united a discriminatory measure in sub- the 25-45-year-old group is the appeal themes each year, there is the ject matter or methods. An ad- through person~lities. For instance, paramount value of a common vance step was taken by the in our church we support President J. atmosphere, of coordinated ac- Men's Missionary Lea,gue of the Leighton Stuart of Yenching Univer- tion, of good fellowship and United Presbyterian church in sity at Peiping, China. President Elyria, Ohio, when they took for their mission study text the [208 ] book, "Congo Crosses," which

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

teamwork throughout Christen- ary organizations in the i r are sent each month, to be kept dom that you can't afford to churches. for 30 days, the postal departmiss. Never before were neigh- ment giving the plan the library borly borrowings of missionary A third undergirder is the privileges of three cents for the plans and programs so free and holding of a definite mission or first pound and one cent for each so helpful. Only those hope- World Friendship school at additional pound. The Convenlessly bogged down in denomina- whatever seems the most propi- tion pays the postage one way tional religiosity can fail to see tious period in the course of the and the church meets the return that we are now meeting new year. It yields returns far postage at the library rate by and emergent world conditions greater than any series of pro- using the enclosed sticker. The for which only a Christ-led, grams, though both have their local Reading Contest Secretary united Christendom can be ade- place. For plans and instruc- attends to the circulation of the quate; and for any denomina- tions, see this Department in volumes and their prompt retion to remain outside of such a THE REVIEW for January 1936 turn, whereupon a fresh supply union of forces is suicidal. and February of the present is sent. The Baptist Missionary year. Reading courses for cred- Reading Contest books serve as The new topic in home mis- its, such as a number of denom- a general guide in the selection sions is "Rural Life," and the inations now maintain, or the of the volumes, although some foreign, "The Moslem World." vigorous promotion of a circu- others are included. It is an il- Textbooks for the various age lating library of selected books, luminating fact that the women groups and coordinated helps are in a Sunday school class, a group of Vermont captured the silver usually ready by June or possibly organization or a department of cup of the New England district earlier. Send for lists of these the Bible school, is a corollary in the reading contest as a reeither to your own denomina- of the annual missionary school. sult, apparently, of the use of tional missionary e d u cat ion this circulating library. headquarters or to the Mission- Missionary Reading As a Promotional Plan On the Master's Waterways ary Education Movement, 150 Church leaders will find that Under this title the Woman's Fifth Ave., New York, and also little permanent interest in mis- Society of the First Baptist sions can be maintained without plan to send one or more repre- the use of reading matter. The church of Santa Ana, California, sentatives to some good summer effect of even a rousing booster have sent out their 1936-37 an- meeting will soon evaporate un- nual outline of activities which conference where the themes are less the new enthusiasm and truly is "a thing of beauty and interest are continuously nour- charm" as expressed in its into be discussed and materials ex- ished. The Baptist State Con- troductory literature, and em- vention in Vermont tried an bodies not so much a program ploited. (See "Dates to Remem- experiment which is yielding in- schedule as a policy and an ideal. creasing dividends in the way of Its theme and make-up are symber" on inside cover page of THE missionary zeal. For some years bolic. On a silver background, back a circulating free library of the cover presents a full-rigged REVIEW for location of many of good missionary books has been ship passing a lighthouse on a maintained. Previous to the de- promontory, and this design is these conferences.) As usual pression the library was financed delicately etched in green on entirely by the Convention, in- every inside page. The delightthe June issue of THE REVIEW cluding two-way postage on the ful surprise in keeping the whole volumes. Necessity altered this thing secret until its release at will feature the home mission plan, both as to purchase of the opening autumn meeting books and their transportation. added to its welcome. Infinite topic and the October the for- Baptist women hit upon the plan labor and pains must have been eign topic, although the home of having a penny collection dur- expended upon the preparation ing the dinner hour at all Asso- of the little 47-page booklet, for mission plans and programs in ciational meetings and urging the keynote, the opening poem, upon the local missionary or- Van Dyke's "0 Maker of the this Department cannot appear ganizations to solicit offerings Mighty Deep," "The Sailor's for new volumes. A sizeable Prayer," "Our Sailing Song," as in any great number until the fund comes in each year from well as all the headings of de- these sources. With annual re- partments and programs form a September number, due to the vision to delete out-of-date vol- fine anthology of prose and umes, a library of many hun- poetry centering upon the sea. fact that program builders never dreds of volumes is in continuous circulation. Each church is Among the policies reprehave their material ready as asked to appoint a reading sec- sented are those of a very broad retary to whom 10 or more books community service; caring for early in the spring as copy must the general social life of the be sent, and the Editor is obliged to wait until she can browse around at summer conferences. If not a subscriber to THE RE- VIEW, be sure to place your order for those two paramount issues early, at 25 cents per copy. It gratified the writer to note among the denominational leaflets and programs sent her last year what a large amount of REVIEW material or references thereto was included. Pastors will find an abundance of the best material in the magazine for their sermons, mid-week services and the various mission-

church (the "all church party" ship Port (Christian friendliness In October a speaker from Los in October being termed "Head- meeting). Angeles presented the issues of the in' for the Big Round-up," for coming election as they affected the purpose of better acquaint- Cotton Blossom Lunch . . . Negro Christian citizens (men at this meetance); coordinating the work Mariners (home mission theme). ing) in a setting representing a ship's and interests with those of "the railing extending across the deck, brethren" in that the men of the Dixie Dinner . . . Up the Bayous steamer chairs, life preservers, etc., in church are made special guests (home mission theme with young evidence. Patriotic decorations and at some of the luncheons and people's organization). flags were everywhere displayed. programs; "Husbands' Day" as Eight Bells-Ship's Rations . . . Hos- For November a Congo River observed at one of the executive pital Ship (White Cross work). jungle scene of tropical plants, a board luncheons; the society canoe, etc. The luncheon tables were sponsoring of some of the eve- Chart and Compass Lunch. . . Chart- decorated with miniature African huts ning church services; loans ing Unknown Seas (foreign mismade to University of Redlands sions-Albert Schweitzer). students, etc. This merging of the interests and endeavors of Lunch in Harbor Cafe . . . Western and figures nestled among bamboos men and women is a hopeful sign Har.Jors (Negro work in S. Cali- and palms. Tropical fruits served. of the day when invidious distinctions are to be wiped out. fornia). Decorated gourds as collection plates.

Apt nomenclature and rhetori- Eight Bells-Captain's pinner . . . The Student Counselor arranged the cal figures are used throughout. Through the Customs (installa- plan for the December meeting, a The official personnel is listed tion of officers). worker among the Negroes who had under "Our Ship's Officers"; the recently visited their southern schools standing committees are "Able Seamen"; the executive board is The devotional topics, taking being the speaker. "The Ship's Crew"; the presi- The Southern California Director dent's opening message, "We the meetings in the same order,' of Christian Friendliness (former Break New Seas Today"; the are: Christian Americanization work) social gatherings are "Pleasure Trips"; the financial plan is the Beacon Light-Clear Vision. Provo spoke in January. synthetic erection of a light- 29: 18; Acts 16: 9. house; the complete membership The setting for February was the I'oster is "The Passenger List"; Tower Light-Breakers Ahead. Isa. deck of a boat sailing on southern the programs are "The Monthly 55: 7; Provo 14: 34. waters. At the luncheon much cotton Sailings," etc. At these latter, was used in the table decorations. all the morning sewing sessions Running Lights – Beware of Sandare designated as "Seamen at bars. Heb. 12: 1, 2; Mat. 26: 41. The meetings in March and April Work," all business sessions as are to be in charge of the World Wide "Sailing Orders," the song serv- Harbor Lights-Quiet Waters. Mark Guild (girls) and the Children's ices as "Waves of Melody" and 4: 34-41; Ps. 107: 29, 30. World Crusade, each navigator being the devotionals as "Guiding advised by a member of the general Lights." Luncheons are coor- Signal Lights-Ship Ahoy! Provo 18: program committee so the session will dinated as far as possible with 24; 1 John 1: 3-7. program themes for the day, and Buoy Lights-Rocks and Shoals. Ps. be fitted into the year's theme. members whose birthdays fall in 19: 9-14; 119: 132-135. In July, the baggage of officers and each successive month sit together at one table with a special Pier Sighted. Acts 21: 1-8. chairmen will be examined carefully birthday cake as an extra. Search Light-Throw Out the Life- 0y the customs officer or baggage line. Ps. 103: 1-4; Rom. 16: 1, 2. master (historian) and the members The correspondence of lunch- will learn from their annual reports Starlight-Steer by the Stars. Dan. eons with topics is as follows, 12: 3; Mat. 2: 1,2. what has been accumulated during the beginning with September and tours on the Master's Waterways. Channel Lights-Deep Water. Provo The president will read her annual extending through July: 18: 4; 1 Cor. 2: 9, 10. report as "The Log of the Ship Serv- Landing Lights-Drop Anchor. Ps. ice," then the good vessel will go into dry dock during August. 91: 1,2; Heb. 6: 19, 20.

An outstanding feature for the year All program leaders are desig- will be the month-by-month building nated as "Navigators," the pro- of the financial "Lighthouse." This gram committee having entire completed will be a cylindrical model charge of the first meeting and standing six feet high, the additions the officers of the last. Special of a door, windows, foundation, lamp, plates, etc., being placed as they are music is on marine themes; and paid for month by month. At the first meeting the lighthouse has a firm as the luncheon tables are being foundation (rocks of papier-mache) cleared away the pianist plays and a lamp which is waiting for the Southern melodies or Negro cap before it can revolve. The mem- songs, Negro singers so far as bers waited with interest the succes- sive additions to the structure as fi- possible being also introduced nancial goals were attained. In addi- into the programs. It i·s mani- festly impossible to give a de- tion to this a Treasure Chest receives the offerings from the special gift tailed outline of all the programs boxes each month. It is always a prominent feature of the decorations. Bon Voyage Luncheon . "All but the following hints may . Our illustrations show- the lighthouse Aboard." prove suggestive to any societies wishing to build outlines sim- at the start of the year, also the set- Eight Bells, Luncheon on the Prom- ting for the September meeting. enade Deck . . . Ship of State (Civics meeting). ilarly: Jungle Lunch . . . Cruising on the The September meeting took the A few extra copies of this out- Congo (foreign mission theme). form of a play entitled "Sail On" and standing year book and the play, Plantation Dinner … Floating Uni- was held in the garden of the presi- "Sail On," are available and may versity (Christian e d u cat ion dent with marine decorations repre- theme). sentative of a deck. The theme was be had for 25 cents by address- most adroitly and helpfully elab- ing Mrs. E. L. Morris, 812 E.

Lunch in the Pavilion . . . Friend- orated. First St., Santa Ana, California. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'~I~==~~====~~~~=~ FOR ALL MOTHERS of their beloved sons by the est maternal mortality rate of hideous institution of war; all.civilized countries. From slowness of heart to comprehend what is divine in the We beseech Thee to hear us, We think especially of the Indepth and constancy of a Moth- good Lord. dian and Migrant mothers for er's love; whom the Council has an imme- That it may please Thee also, to diate responsibility. Good Lord, deliver us. lay upon our conscience the un- The death notice in the county From the unreality of superficial equal lot of the Mothers of the paper was not more than two sentiment, from commercial ex- poor, the underprivileged and inches in depth but it had neverploitation, and from all lip serv- the unemployed; theless its modest headline: ice to Motherhood while we neglect the weightier matters of We beseech Thee to hear us, PEA-PICKERS' CHILD DIES . , . justice and mercy and love; good Lord. . the shallow headline of Zetilla Good Lord, deliver us. That it may please Thee to kindle Kane, the seventh child and only within us divine discontent with daughter of Joe and Jennie Bell By our remembrance of the any social order which tolerates Kane. Mother of our Lord standing by war or poverty, or any preventthe cross of her well-beloved able suffering among the Moth- "We come from Texas," Joe son: ers of the world; Kane had told the "lady from the ,government." . . . "We been Good Lord, deliver us. We beseech Thee to hear us, back three times in the five years good Lord. we been messin' 'round like this That it may please Thee to open without no home." … our ears that we may hear the That it may please Thee to Saviour's word from the cross, hasten the coming of the divine He glanced around the tent Behold thy Mother; society, when every Mother shall with its three cots for the family be secure, encompassed by lov- of nine – eight now – with its We beseech Thee to hear us, ing provision for all her need; stove that once had been a gaso- good Lord. line container, with its oilcloth- We beseech Thee to hear us, covered table on which was a That it may please Thee to give good Lord. pan of boiled potatoes black with us grace from this hour, with flies. . . . the swift obedience of beloved In the name of the Father, and disciples, to take unto our own of the Son, and of the Holy "Back in 1930 things had got every woman widowed, bereft, so doggone tough we sold off our hard-pressed in life; Spirit. Amen.* furniture and radio and cow and chickens and all and pulled out We beseech Thee to hear us, On May 9, thousands across of Texas for Missouri. . . . good Lord. our country will pause in rev- erence to honor their mothers. "We started on down toworge That it may please Thee to touch How much this Day could mean Texas. We got in a little cotton our hearts that we may behold if these thousands would express our Mother in every woman; in this love in help to the thousands women who toil in the factories of mothers who are physically and on the farms, in office and broken, socially outcast, economshop and home; in women of ically caught and spiritually alien race and foreign clime, in starved. It is reported by the women of every creed and color Maternity Association, New and condition; York City, that 8,000 mothers in the United States die needlessly We beseech Thee to hear us, every year and this is the high- good Lord. * From "Prayers for Self and Society," by That it may please Thee to excite our pity for all Mothers robbed James Myers. Industrial .Secretary, Federal Council of the Churches of Christ In America.

[211 ] pickin' but cotton was sorry and "These hard times sure ain't ment, "Christian Youth Building we seen there wasn't no chance made none of us no younger," a New World" to make a trade for a place to she sometimes said in apology. The United Christian Adult Movement stay another year, and we heard The Protestant Laymen's Commission pickin' was good over in Ari- "The old will be young there on Character Building zona. Well, we went and it forever," they sang. Missionary Conferences wasn't but we got in enough to keep us eatin' off and on, and we A woman had brought a tight The plan will make these sevrun into a fellow that said fruit bunch of wild flowers-lupin and eral field enterprises mutually pickin' was good out here, so we California poppies and baby- supporting and enriching. It come on to California. We been blue-eyes – wrapped in a news- will avoid duplication and the messin' along like that ever paper for Zetilla's grave. Ze- irritation of unrelated promotion since, pickin' hops and cotton tilla's mother stooped when the in the field. It will make possible and oranges and peas, prunin' a song was ended and took four an orderly sequence of field projlittle and spacin' peaches and of the blossoms. She looked at ects and an efficient use of field cuttin' lettuce and workin' at one her husband. Then she put her personnel, better equalizing field crop and another, and then flowers back with the others, on service and providing a more movin' on some more. We the mound of earth beside the balanced field program. might's well be gypsies and be grave. done with it. When Zetilly was The United Christian Advance born we was campin' on a picnic- "I might's well leave 'em," she may ultimately include all the ground up in Washington. We'd said brokenly. "I wouldn't have programs and field enterprises been up to see could we get on a no place to press 'em. Back of the participating national homestead." home we ust to press 'em in the agencies. While its initial ap- Bible." proach in the field is being made His voice shook and, waiting during the ensuing year, it is asto gain control of it, he bent to THE UNITED CHRISTIAN sumed that as many as possible straighten the stove-wood at his ADVANCE of the ongoing enterprises will feet. "Zetilly was born on the be caught up and carried forroad and she died on the road. It is increasingly apparent ward as an integral part of the The undertaker's is the first that the functions of preaching, United Christian A d van c e. house she's ever been in, and pastoral guidance, m iss ion s, Those which cannot be so insome say the County don't aim Christian education, evangelism, tegrated will presumably confor us to be there when she's social service and social action tinue their regular procedure. buried. She sure did hate being are mutually interdependent and left by herself. She was such a therefore inseparable in the The initial approach involves little thing and she wouldn't program of the church. The primarily those cities or areas hardly rest a minute lessen some wholesome trend toward unity in which a Preaching Mission of us had holt of her. Do you and comprehensiveness in the has been held or will be held this reckon it's so that they don't aim church's program should be sup- year. In this initial approach for us to be there?" ported by the unifying of field the United Christian Advance activities and approaches affect- will include three major phases. It wasn't. ing the church and community. While these will be mutually in- terdependent and supporting Joe and Jennie Bell Kane and The United Christian Advance they will ordinarily be planned their six sons went to the brief responds to this need as a plan so as to follow a sequence of emservice at the undertaker's, fol- for unifying into one "grand phases as follows: lowed Zetilla's body to the small strategy" the major field activigrave the County had prepared ties being projected by the fol- The National Preaching Mis s ion for it. Deacon, his wife and five lowing national agencies: (Evangelism) other pea..,pickers went also. Deacon was short and white- The Federal Council of Churches of Schools in Christian Living (Teachhaired and walked with a Christ in America ing) limp.. The International Council of Religious Projects in Building Together the The minister from the local Education Christian Community, Local and church said a prayer and spoke Worldwide (Action) briefly to the little group at the The Home Missions Council undertaker's.. In next month's Bulletin plans The Council of Women for Home Mis- Jennie Bell Kane uncovered sions for the Conference on Life and her face and pushed back a brittle strand of blonde hair that The National Council of Federated Work, Oxford, England, July 12 was streaked with grey. She Church Women was thirty-four. Whenever she ttohe2~6ea1n93t7i,mwe iwllebreecreopmomrteendd. In told her age to the women in the The Missionary Education Moveme:t:lt the camps they shook their heads and made lamenting sounds. The Foreign Missions Conference following study in preparation Among the field movements or for the Conference: "Christ's activities involved are the fol- lowing: Way and the Worl d's -In The National Preaching Mission Church, State, and Society," by The New Home Missions Advance The United Christian Youth Move- Henry Smith Leiper; 144 pages, paper cover 65 cents, cloth 90 cents.

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~ oUfM!:~r~~':!!~:cu5?t~~~~ok J1i EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO l @7' '~l§i INDIA largest gathering of I n d ian to perform the rites, and, even Important New Trends Christian women in the history after remonstrance from others, of the South India Baptist Mis- would not yield. Finally, he One of the most obvious trends in Burma, India, is the absorb. sion took place. Over 500 wom- asked the principal for an intering interest in rural work. Daily papers are full of rural findings, en, representing 80 different vil- . view, and told him that he was rural experiments, rural reports from all parts of the country. lages, met at the 4th Women's no longer satisfied with Hindu- The new viceroy is interested in improving the breed of cattle, Convention on the Madura field. ism. The principal, in a rage, inquires into the condition of the local milk supply, has the mu- These village women, who 20 burned the Bible and the young nicipality give free milk to poor children to see the effect on their years ago were almost wholly, man fled. health and mentality. Rural Uplift committees are organized illiterate, conducted the sessions Here is the sequel: A worker all over the provinces. entirely by themselves and con- in the "Regions Beyond Mission- This logically tends to bring tributed 112 rupees to the work. ary Union" writes, "One Sunabout cooperation bet wee n It should be remembered that day morning, a young man Christian and non-Christian; both are reading the same books, village women seldom have any dressed in the saffron robes of serving on the same committees, attending the same meetings and money. -Missions. the Sadhu came to our service, discussing the same problems. Indian Gospel League and asked for a talk. We sat There is also a tendency to down, and for about two hours voice in open forum' fearless The Indian Gospel League was conversed together. A few days criticism of Hinduism. One founded for the purpose of later, the Sadhu surrendered his might also mention trends along spreading the Gospel of St. John life to Christ"-Life of Faith. the line of temperance work in which the Government gives in everyone of the 300,000 The Most Christian Mission money to work against alcoholic towns of India. Together with Field liquor, which is a Government tracts on the Christian life, "The monopoly; women voting and serving on public committees; Way of Life and the Way of In the Guntur North and intercaste marriages; interre- Death," and "Which Route to South Godavery mission field in ligious marriages; marriages of Madras Presidency, the propor- East and West; researches along Take," a letter of explanation the lines of nutrition; the ad- entreating each recipient to read tion of Christians to the total vances made in the cure and con- the "Gift of the Gospel," the population of the district, won trol of leprosy: and also the con- from heathenism, exceeds the stant raising of standards in books are sent all over the counteaching, in medicine and in try. The Hoskote district, where ratio of Christians to general nursing. 400 villages are waiting to be population in all other parts of evangelized, is engaging the spe- India. According to the 1931 -Woman's Missionary census, one in every nine citi- Friend. cial attention of the League at present. A gospel car is used, zens in the Guntur District was Telugu Women Advance and some of the workers are a Christian. In the entire Ma- equipped with bicycles and dras Presidency, including na- If a group of village women tive states, one citizen in every can develop such initiative as did blankets, in order to reach vilone at Ootcur, South India, there lages off the highway. twenty was a Christian. For is hope for a Christian India. the entire Telugu country the In this village last year the -Life of Faith.

A Hindu Finds Christ census reported one in thirty- The son of a rajah's priest in seven a Christian. In British a .native State some distance India, including the native from Chapra, North India, was states, there is a Christian pop- studying for the Hindu priest- ulation of 5,961,794. These mil- hood. After five years' study he went to the Panjab for examina- lions have been won during the tion, and while there met a mis- past 135 years. sionary from whom he bought a Bible. As he read, doubts re- Another notable feature of the garding Hinduism came into his Gospel's influence within the mind. A climax came when one Guntur-Rajahmundry field is the of his friends died; he refused fact that these converts all be- long to the "Panchamas," sub- stitute term for outcastes. There has also been an advance among [213 ]

the Sudras. Statistics for 1932 World Congress, due in the year which they are supporting. an.d show baptisms in that field 1944. -London Missionary reports show over 1,000 patIents totaled 7,075; the following with 1,400 on the waiting list. three years also brought contin- Herald. -Christian Advocate. uous increase. First Christian Church -Lutheran News. in Sikkim CHINA Trends in Mungeli Sikkim is one of the Hima- Prayer Brings Victory layan states where Christian Chinese officials ordered Lisu At Mungeli the work of the work has had to be carried on Christians to tear down their Disciples Church is largely under severe restrictions. For chapel. After twice rebuilding the last 36 years the small group it, an official demanded, "Whatamong the Satnami Chamars, of Christians who have come ever made you Christians thi'nk one of the most approachable into existence there as the result I gave permission to rebuild the peoples of Central Provinces. chapel? You must tear it down They are Untouchables who of the work of a Scotch Mission at once." When the Christians about 100 years ago broke away has been asking peI:mission of refused to do so, he put two of . the Maharaja to erect a church the leaders in prison. They said, from their ancestral religion, "You may kill us if you like, but trying to find a way up to the in Gangtok, but without avail. you cannot force us to tear down light. But without books or But at last permission was given the chapel again." All joined the missionaries in prayer and teachers, and surrounded by and on October 30 the dedication fasting. Three days passed, but Hinduism they drifted back to of the first Christian church in even the heathen sent food to idolatry. In 1890 Hira Lal, a Sikkim state took place. The these prisoners. When their Satnami boy, was converted and Maharaja not only sanctioned friends came to the bars to comjoined the mission staff at Mun- the erection of the church, but fort them, they would laugh and gave the piece of land upon geli. He won all the members of his immediate family to which it was built. -Christian Century. Christ and has labored inces- santly for the conversion of his Singapore Churches say, "Don't worry about us." caste fellows. His faithfulness, One of them said, "Be sure to integrity and earnest Christian Ralph A. Felton tells some take good care of our missioncharacter won for him added re- ways in which churches in Sing- aries, as we are not home to look sponsibilities in the Mission, and apore differ from those at home. after them." The other said, "I in 1925 he was ordained. By One is that they are run by felt this trouble was coming and 1916 there were 52 villages in young people, for in the ordinary have stored up plenty of food which there lived Christians. In church there are more youths and firewood for my family, so several places large groups had than adults. The explanation I am quite willing to remain here professed the Christian faith. for this is found in the fact that as long as God wishes." Between 1914 and 1924 there the church conducts primary On Monday evening the offiwere 890 baptisms. But there and secondary schools in every cial's heart softened, and he was a downward movement. In- section of the city. These mis- said, "I'll let the prisoners out, terest is again stimulated in sion schools meet the govern- and the Christians need not tear Mungeli, hopes revived. The ment standards, and teach reli- down the chapel. But you must workers believe that there are gion during these formative not call the building a chapel. thousands-one missionary says years so that religious education Call it a dwelling, and have 20,000-Satnamis who in their is a part of the whole process, someone live there." hearts believe that Christianity and not merely a Sunday morn~ Since then a man, claiming he is for them the only way out and ing project. was sent by the official, tried to up, and it seems probable that Another difference is that the tear dow n another chapel. when the first 500 are won other Christians asked the official thousands will hasten to declare congregations are interracial; their faith. -World Call. the Sunday school and worship about it. Instead of defending service may be in Chinese from the man, the official put him in 8: 30 to 10: 30. English may be prison. -China's Millions.

New Baptist Union the language for the next two Chinese Leaders Condemn .War hours and Malay in the after- The recently formed Baptist noon. The same minister may From Chengtu, China, there Union of India, Burma and Cey- have two of these groups and comes a "Statement of Conviclon expects to be fully organized sometimes the third. Race does- tions" signed by fifty-three lead-. and at work some time in April. not matter-only language. ers, Chinese and Westerners, de- The first general gathering is nouncing war as un-Christian planned for 1938, and the hope Six out of ten churches in and unmoral, and calling for is being widely expressed that Singapore are self-supporting. world-wide condemnation of it. the Union may find itself able to Those receiving mission help are The statement originated at a invite the Baptist World Alliance the newly organized ones. Some conference of the Fellowship of of the Chinese laymen have to come to India for the seventh started an anti-opium clinic Reconciliation, and has been is-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sued in Chinese and in English. 1932-33 …. 64 328 139 467 Such missionary journeys across 1933-34 …. 96 748 326 1,248 These leaders in China believe 1934-35 …. 119 816 211 1,027 Turkestan and the Gobi Desert "in the moral order of the uni- 1935-36 …. 129 1,652 711 2,363 by cart are now becoming imverse and that man is included possible. Special danger comes in that moral order. We are -Presbyterian Tribune. from bands of wild people who, convinced that war is an offense Act of An Apostle more than ever since the recent to God." revolution, ravage the country- The manifesto concludes that "Can a Chinese business man side raiding caravans for a liv- "warfare, armed or economic, become a Christian?" Rev. An- ing. There is also the danger of as a method of settling interna- drew Thomson, United Church death from thirst, because the tional or national disputes, is in- of Canada missionary at Taokou, water stages are being left to fill compatible with the teaching has an answer. In January he up with sand. The only safe and example of the great moral distributed 500 suits of winter way to cross the Gobi desert in clothing among the flood suffer- future will be by motor truck, leaders of all ages."

-The Churchman. ers of eastern Honan, the gdt of and this is no good to mission- Leper Work a Hankow business firm. These aries because they cannot stop were quite unsolicited, and were off at all the oases and talk to the The China Inland Mission only a fraction of their total do- people and distribute the Scrip- Hospital in Kaolan (formerly nation for this purpose. After tures. called Lanchow), is the only in- the distribution was completed, This was the fifth time the stitution attempting leper work Mr. Thomson received the fol- three women had crossed the in the whole of Northwest lowing letter: Gobi. They found people at the China. They have about eighty DEAR MR. THOMSON: different oases thrilled to see leper patients, more than thirty them again, for when the mis- I am very happy to receive your sionaries last passed through, in of whom are Tibetans. The lett.er of 24th February and hereby the other direction, they were men have been classified into offer my sincere thanks to you, your· running away from the Mohamfive groups – two Chinese, two associates and the Magistrate for the medan General, Ma Chong lng, Tibetan and one Moslem. Two services in the distribution. the Thunderbolt, as he is called. At Tungwang, the City of Sands, services are held each day, one We feel grateful that God minisin the morning attended by all, tered seed to us for sowing and put in our heart to make winter garments for the flood refugees. So we seized the travelers heard rumors of and one at night especially for the opportunity as per Galatians 6: 10 communist activities in Kansu Christians. There are now more and made 4,800 suits (principally for Hupeh districts) entirely financed by and when at last they reached than twenty lepers asking for our firm ,with the twofold object to Suchow, their old C. I. M. stabaptism, and of these the majority are Tibetans. Bible classes cause thanksgiving to God and to . tion in the northwest of that have been arranged for the spe- supply the want of the poor. Now province, the city was under with your cooperation through Mr. cial instruction of those asking Stewart's introduction the work was martial law and they soon refor baptism. completely done. Christian unity is ceived the order to leave. They -Moody Institute Monthly. essential; as there are many mem- thereafter returned to Europe bers to one body, one can not dispense by the Trans-Siberian route. Christian Schools with the other. These her 0 i c missionaries The national secretary of the Again thanking you for your. serv- have, between them, given 108 China Christian Educational As- ice and wishing you abundant blesssociation says that Christian ing from God upon your work and years of service in China. For schools as a whole are making a yours. the last 16 years th~ have had large contribution to China's with them in their adventures a life. They have considerable Yours very truly, little Chinese deaf and dumb prestige, are well managed, and LI JUl. girl, whom they found as a baby, are growing steadily. "In our 13 Christian colleges and univer- -United Church Record. left by its mother on their doorsities, there are 6,700 students; step, and whom they named and in the approximately 250 The Gobi Trio Topsy. She has recently learned high schools about 250,000 stu- to speak a little to the great asdents. The number of primary Miss Mildred Cable, Miss tonishment of the simple people school students is about 125,000. Evangeline and Miss Francesca The stl1dents in colleges and high French, "the Gobi Trio" of the living in the oases of the Gobi. China Inland Mission, have re- "The missionaries' words are turned to England from their true," they said, "their Lord can last adventurous journey to make the dumb to speak." China. In the summer of 1935 schools are nearly 10 per cent they received a permit to cross Chinese Light Shines of the total number in the whole Russia and traveled by the country." Turkish – Siberian Railway, en- The ambition of Mr. Shan, A few years ago it was feared tering Turkestan fro m the Manchurian Christian, is to see that the day of Christian educa- north. From Chuguchak, they a house of worship in his home tion in China was over. But the went to Urumchi where they town before he dies. To this end number of baptisms in Christian found wonderful opportunities, he has contributed liberally.

high schools is as follows: and stayed for some months. Three years ago he made his

first contribution, $100; last mens. Dr. Lewis B. Franklin makes the Japanese feel the year he gave $200 more and re- visited this mission on his recent Church is their own, and not an cently an additional $60. He tour of the field. outside agency.

has frequently been reviled; once he was thrown into prison Tent Mission-Thirty Converts Night Clubs-Korean Style for a month because he had in "One of the most blessed and The original Night Club for his possession a Christian maga- encouraging tent missions we Boys was organized in 1930. Its zine published in China some have ever held," is thus de- success led to the formation of years ago. He was released another group to include gMiorrls~ scribed by Miss M. A. Burnet,' and meeting in day time. when missionaries vouched for of the Central Japan Pioneer his high character. Mission. It was conducted by than 150 boys and girls were two native evangelists in Mita- soon enrolled, and the title was The money he has given dur- gaya, a tiny village. The tent changed to Pioneer Clubs for ing three years is approximately was pitched in rice fields, with Korean children. In the fall two scarcely any houses in sight. Pyengyang churches organized the amount of his whole earnings Prayer preparation had been groups and in the following in one year.

-Evangelical Christian.

JAPAN-CHOSEN made by a Christian doctor born spring others were formed. Politics and Christianity in the village, who gave his testi- The movement was prosper- mony at the first meeting; and ing when a new Director of Edu- cation began to ask questions. Nearly 100 Japanese delegates by a young farmer, who has not "Pioneers" was also the name of attended the 14th annual meet- only prayed but worked. He ing of the National Christian has for several years sold forty a youth movement of commu- Council in Japan just before Gospel papers a month, accom- nistic Russia. What about these Christmas. The outstanding panying the sales with personal Korean "Pioneers"? What was message to the gathering was -talks wherever possible. Night going on? The purely evangelisthat the secret of power in the after night the tent was filled to tic purpose of the work, its world today depends upon per- overflowing with an eager and metho~ of C.hristian training, sonal spirituality. Plans, meth- attentive congregation, number- and Its antI-communistic inods, even duties are secondary ing between 150 and 200. Bi- fluence were explained at length. to the need for the Holy Spirit. cycles were stacked up outside Finally, at the suggestion of the One speaker opened the question the tent. Thirty confessed of peace, a subject which occu- Christ and sixteen have made offidals, the name "Pioneer" was pied the minds of all the dele- themselves responsible for hiring changed to "Bible Clubs." By gates. "The world is armed and an empty house to carryon regarming today as never before," ular meetings. An evangelist is 1935, there were fifteen such he said. "We who believe in the going to Mitagaya each week for groups meeting every day in Prince of Peace, what shall we the present, to shepherd this do? The peace of the world still little flock. -Life of Faith. Pyengyang, with about 1,500 children enrolled. Inspection rests with the churches. Japan's Day occurs every five or six fundamental spirit is peace, Literature of Their Own weeks. Leaders examine the children for their intellectual though Japanese patriotism is The Protestant Episcopal For- and physical improvement, innot yet true patriotism. Only in ward Movement has not only the spirit of Christ's self-sacri- translated the booklet, "The spect hands, faces and necks, and fice is there hope of peace." Coming of the Light," but has conclude with a "consdence in- redrawn the illustrations to con- spection," when the children are -World Dominion Press. told to look into their hearts, and then in prayer confess their evil deeds and thoughts to God and form with Japanese life. More before their playmates. "De- Opportunity in Rural Japan than 40,000 copies were distrib- cision Day" is the grand climax A little Japanese country mis- uted. A Tokyo writer in The at the end of the year. sion of the American Episcopal Living Church says: Church, which began to develop The whole Forward Movement has No Perseverance among the farmers and fisher- proven to be one of the most stim- men at Isoyama after Deaconess ulating, educational and spiritual Pak was a Korean bead Ranson went to live there, illus- forces in the Church. . . . Some of maker, and for 20 years had trates the opportunity now the most cheering letters of apprecia- been .working in the ~ame town, awaiting the Church in rural tion have been received from men and formmg glass into beads with women workers in all parts of the Japan. Thirty miles from any Empire, and in all dioceses a large his little blowpipe and lampresident pastor, a church has number of the parishes, missions and been built and dedicated by the institutions are now buying the book- for American five-and-ten-cent Episcopal Mission. At the dedi- lets for their members' daily use. stores. One day a colporteur called with a set of Gospels.

cation thirteen adults were bap- The fact that this literature is "I can't read those any more," tized and confirmed, six children printed in their own country and Pak said. "I read one of them were baptized, and seven per- presented in their own language once and it made me think too sons were admitted as catechu- wit h Japanese illustrations much of my sins."

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

"But if you keep on reading trips east and west on the coast tionship of this work with govand learn to pray, you will find ernments and disabilities ima way to get rid of your sins." about twenty miles each way, posed upon aborigines.

"That's just the trouble – I and so satisfactory is his over- Under the heading "Pacific," have no perseverance." The col- the Conference will study coopporteur pondered a moment and sight that the government med- eration, the attitude toward nathen said, "But you've been tive customs, and education and working at this same job-how ical patrols do not operate over evangelism. Methods, training long?" of missionaries and .the relative this section, content to leave the emphasis of different phases of "Twenty years." the work will be discussed under "In that case, you have perse- oversight of these villages to the Home Base. verance enough to read the Gospel." him. -The Chronicle. -Australia Missionary Pak is reading. Review. Javanese Christians -Monday Morning. Koreans in Hawaii The mission of the Reformed Korea Needs More Missionaries Church in Middle Java reports Since 1930 a mass meeting of that the number of Javanese Young Koreans of Hawaii, fea- The progress of K 0 rea n Christians increased in 1935 to turing oratorical and song conchurches, great as it is, has not 13,893, a growth of 1,842 in one tests among various church been sufficient as yet to warrant year, or 15 per cent. The Jav- groups, has been held at least the assumption that they can anese Christian sets a high value once a year. The last meeting, carryon successfully without on baptism. At present, there in the Mission Memorial Hall, missionary aid. The Christian are 2,076 people in the course Honolulu, was sponsored by the constituency in Korea is only of instruction for baptism who Korean University Graduates' about 500,000 out of a total pop- in a short time may be baptized. Club with Dr. Y. C. Yang, Presiulation of more than 22,000,000. There is great interest also dent, as the master of cere- The young churches need and among the young people, of monies. More than 500 young desire the continued cooperation whom it appears 5,637 are regis- people with their usual enthuof missionaries in the task of tered as catechumens; this is' siasm assembled to discuss the witnessing to these multitudes upwards of 40 per cent of those question, "Can youth improve concerning Jesus Christ. in the Javan.ese churches. and maintain Korean institu- tions in Hawaii?" – World Outlook.. Medical work is also expand- ing. There are nine hospitals, This hopeful second genera- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC and the number of patients is tion, though U. S. citizens, re- constantly increasing. main loyal to their ancestral Papuan Medical Service background. Fiji Centenary Church All London Missionary Society Imported Sects in the appointees to Papua receive ele- The Fiji Methodist Church has Philippines mentary medical training at Liv- received the voluntary gift of ingstone College, London, before £1,000 from the Fiji Govern- The number of sects imported going to their field. The last ment for assistance in the build- to the Philippines from the few years have brought marked ing of a new centenary church. United States is becoming a matimprovement i n government The Methodists were the pioneer ter for concern. Filipinos edumedical service in Papua, one missionaries in the Fiji group. cated in America, and missionfeature being trained natives as This Memorial Church will be aries working independently are medical patrols. Cases beyond erected at Suva, capital of Fiji, introducing the Four – Square their power are taken to the to celebrate the centenary of Gospel, the Church of God, the nearest hospital where there is their advent to Fiji, at an esti- Church of the New Jerusalem, a European doctor. mated cost of £5,000. This is a the Pentecostal Church and mark of appreciation for the other similar organizations. In- Lameka, a Papuan lad only a contribution of the Mission to- stead of inquiring about the second generation from canni- ward educational uplift and good most needy parts of the archibalism, showed such aptitude in government. pelago and beginning work in his medical training that the unoccupied fields, they break government authorized the -Australia Missionary into well-established territory building of a small hospital Review. and undertake to set up new conwhere he could exercise the heal- gregations. ing art, the government assum- Australian National Council ing the cost of upkeep. A missionary of "the Four- From April 5-9 the National Square Gospel" who went to For ten years the little hospi- Missionary Council of Australia Laoag last April was asked to tal has been a center of help and will hold a Conference in Sydney confer with representatives of healing. Lameka runs the place, when three general topics will the National Christian Council, assisted by his wife and by a be considered: the Aborigines, younger lad whom he has taught. the Pacific, and the Home Base. Periodically he makes patrol Ques.tions involving the aborig- ines have to do with the half- castes and the ideal policy for Christianizing them; the rela-

who pointed out the great prog- religious groups on the campus. ganized basketball teams, physiress made in the last fifteen Records at the office of the dean cal training, adult education in years toward mutual under- show that of the 2,458 under- citizenship and current social standing, good will and Chris- graduates enrolled, only 147 problems, mothers' club, clinic tian cooperation, and asked in have no definite affiliation with for children, Boy Scouts, Girl the interests of Christian har- a religious denomination. More Scouts, home visitation, commumony, that this missionary with- than 1,000 are members of nity meetings, personal probdraw to territory where no either the Y. M. C. A. or the lems, daily vacation Bible school, other Protestant church is at Y.W.C.A. entertainments, manual trainwork? .Her reply was that her ing, sewing classes, dramatics, superintendent had assigned her – Watchman-Examiner. labor problems, kindergarten, to Ilocos Norte and she must do playground from June to Sephis bidding. The superintendent The Christian Observer tember, recreation for all ages, is a Filipino with a Mexican library for all age groups. wife. The Converse family has con- Through the whole program tinuously owned and edited the runs a golden thread of syste- NORTH AMERICA Christian Observer for one hun- matic Christian instruction. dred and ten years-since Feb- Income and Giving ruary 17, 1827. This Southern The community has responded Presbyterian weekly was found- until an enrolment of 2,300 has Returning prosperity is not ed by Dr. Amasa Converse, who overtaxed the capacity of the reflected in the philanthropies of was editor for 45 years. His building. -C. L. Zorbaugh. United States citizens, according grandson, Harry P. Converse, to Mr. C. V. Vickrey, President has been business manager and Indian Need of Christ of the Golden Rule Foundation. then managing editor since There was more generous giv- 1899. Chief Umpathtuh, last sachem ing in the deepest depression of the Mohicans, a graduate of year, 1932, than in subsequent The Religious Remembrancer Carlisle University and a strong years. In fact, that year marked appeared September 4, 1813 and advocate of Christianity for his the highest percentage of contri- later its name changed to the race, believes that unless there butions to religious., educational, Philadelphia Observer. The n is a change of heart among the scientific and other forms of two papers were merged under Indians through the acceptance service for society. On the the name· Christian Observer, of Jesus Christ as Saviour, the whole, the social services have which through all the years has education given them by the received approximately two per stood squarely for the integrity United States would be wasted. cent for a period of twenty of the Word of God, the deity of He says: "The Government years, which is one-fifth of the Christ, the reality of the atone- means well, but if education of biblical standard of the tithe. ment, and the purity and peace the soul does not go along with Giving is not according to in- of the Church. education of the mind, the recome, for more than one-half of sult for the Indian will be disasthe 1935 contributions declared The City Ohio Forgot trous. An educated Indian is in the income tax reports came liable to be a bad Indian, without from about four million persons Some ten years ago Youngs- religion." He pointed to his own whose net incomes averaged less town, Ohio, shocked the church tribe, now dwindled to a small than $5,000 a year. However, and the nation by a bloody strike number, as 75 per cent Christian forty-one persons who had an and disastrous fire. The Chris- and 100 per cent American. income of more than $1,000,000 tian conscience was aroused. each in 1935 claimed tax exemp- Here was a neglected city of new -United Presbyterian. tion on contributions totaling Americans employed in the steel $4,454,000, or 6.049 per cent of mills for whom the churches had Community Church in Alaska their declared net taxable in- felt little responsibility. As a come. The National Committee result among others, the West- Christmas, 1936, was more for Religion and Welfare Recov- minster Presbyterian church of than Christmas for the settlers ery is carrying on a countrywide Youngstown started a Sunday in Matanuska Valley, Alaska. It educational program to stim- school, putting $50,000 into a was the day of their first service ulate higher standards of philan- lot and a "Neighborhood House." in their new church, built of logs thropy. -Boston Transcript. A young Hungarian Christian, hewn from the "forest primeval" Mr. Zotlan Irshay, was put in by the men of the congregation, Campus Christian Training charge. This section of Young&- taken to the sawmn-l, faced on town, with its 14,650 people, al- two sides, and carried by theITl Twenty-six religious denom- most solidly foreign, is called to the site of the church. inations are represented at Duke Campbell. University, North Carolina, and Evenings aft e r working more than 94 per cent of the stu- The list of last year's activi- hours, the Young People's Sodents are members of some ties at "Campbell Christian ciety cleared the plot, dug the church. There are 15 organized Neighborhood House" give an basement, and hauled gravel for idea of its scope: Sunday school, the cement work. All together religious education classes, or- the congregation worked by shifts during the short days of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the fall and early winter. The day on some occasions. Lay tions." Six were "to live a life missionary pastor, Rev. Bert workers and young people's so- of service," "to end class distinc- Bingle, writes: "We look for- cieties were used effectively. tion in Colombia," "to help ward to a great work among' Brief services of ten or fifteen others." Several hoped "to make these unafraid people in the minutes were held in each home, Colombia a Christian nation." tracts distributed, invitations These young people have Northland." given and personal work done. charge of the Sunday night serv- LATIN AMERICA Results were very encouraging. ice once a month in one of the Two young pastors visited suburbs. Bible Distribution in Mexico several untouched places in Jan- -Colombian Clippings.

The house-to-house distribu- uary. Several small preaching Colombia's National Church tion of the Gospel in Mexico has stations were opened. It is met with opposition in some planned to cross the island from A little over ten years ago, places. A. B. De Roos reports: Havana to the south coast, Colombian and American Prot- touching man y communities estant leaders met in Medellin, In the first rural district in which a center of the Roman Church, the distribution was undertaken the where no Christian worker has yet gone. head of the village said, "We will not to exchange ideas regarding the Religion in Brazil Schools organization of the Presbyterian permit such propaganda, for we have The director of public instruc- Church in Colombia. Lack of all sworn not to accept any religion." ordained ministers prevented Only 30 Gospels were distributed there and throughout the district there is great suspicion. In twelve days tion of Rio De Janeiro has issued organization of presbyteries, but instructions to the principals of a rudimentary one took the thirty-four villages and ranchos were name "Council of the Coast." covered, in the midst of difficulties,. government schools to provide a Increasing needs of this group place and time for religious in- Yesterday we visited a number of villages, and going from house to house, a gendarme accosted us, rifle struction, other than Roman led to the organization of the in hand, asking us what we were do- Catholic, wherever the parents Church in Colombia on a real ing. I told him our mission, and he of 20 children desire it. Catholic Presbyterian basis. Last July said we must leave the place at once. religious instruction has been ten ordained ministers, four mis- "No strangers are allowed and no such propaganda is permitted, by requested by 70 per cent of' the sionaries and six Colombians order of the military chief of the district." parents of Catholic children. met again in Medellin and after This instruction is being given careful study decided: In one place we were subjected to a rigorous questioning, and our packs largely by priests. The director were searched for ammunition. When has asked Protestant groups to To adopt the Constitution of the Presthey had finished looking over our suggest the manner in which byterian Church, U. S. A., as the things I asked them to give me their the instruction 'requested by basis of the incipient Church. attention for a moment, and I read them shall be given. them Paul's sermon to the Athenians. To organize three presbyteries cov- I dwelt at length on the God Unknown -United Presbyterian. ering the states in which the but revealed in Jesus Christ through Presbyterian Mission is working. the Word. In conclusion I offered Young People in Bogota them "The Way of Salvation." They These presbyteries would be formed answered, "Yes, we'll take this, but Every Friday evening thirty by ordained ministers, without not the New Testament, as we have to forty young people of Bogota distinction of nationality, and been forbidden to take it." meet for a social and devotional licentiates residing in the respec- evening. Interest and enthu- tive territory, together with one -Scripture Gift Mission. ruling elder from each organized church. siasm have developed this or- ganization into a real force in To invite the Cumberland Presby- the evangelization of Bogota. terian Mission in the south- The Challenge of Cuba The object of this society, western part of Colombia to join this movement. A Mississippi pastor who re- To call a meeting of this same Ascently visited Cuba said the idea sembly to be held in Ibague in July, 1937, to take action toward prevails in his section that Cuba pledged by each person who beis almost a finished missionary comes a member, is (1) to pro- the organization of the "Synod of the Presbyterian Church in task; that great progress had mote all activities that develop Colombia."

been made, and Cuban Chris- a Christian life among its mem- With this Synod, the organiza- bers, by means of Bible study tion of the "Presbyterian Church tians are almost, if not quite, and meditation; (2) to develop in Colombia" will be completed, able to take care of their own Christian friendship and to take evangelization and other reli- part in activities of service. In and she will thus join the ingious work. The visitor was creasing fa mil y of national soon convinced that this is very a recent meeting those present churches that have been organ- were asked to write briefly their ized in Mexico, Guatemala, Brafar from being true. During this year much at- main ideal in life. The result zil, India, Siam, the Philippines, tention has been given to per- was interesting. Seven were China, Chosen and Japan. -Colombian Clippings. sonal house-to-house evangelism. "to get the most out of life," "to Cruces, in Santa Clara province, be intelligent," "to be something For Indians in Chile took the initiative, organizing worthwhile." Five were "to be- the forces of the congregation to come more spiritual," "to know Rev. Charles A. Sadleir many make several hundred visits a peace," "to conquer tempta- years ago founded a mission to

the Araucanian Indians of Chile. seven centers and the execution soil. They are largely literate, His son is continuing the work of others has been reported. but primitive, and enjoy few ma- and writes in the Evangelical Many are imprisoned and other terial comforts. Mr. Rahneff Christian: evangelicals are in hiding. Gen- works exclusively among these eral Franco is said to have stated humble villagers. Within less We now have three men working be- publicly that in the future Spain than a decade he has opened 50 sides myself, including our old helper would be "one nation, united in little churches, which have 5,000 Espinoza, who is in charge of the one faith – that of I sabel la adherents, almost entirely peas- press work. Domingo Carilaf, the Catolica." -Alliance Weekly. ants. This is the largest evan- first of our evangelists, has done and gelical group in Bulgaria. Rah- is doing excellent work in visiting the nlodern nlartyrs neff receives about $50 a month houses of the people in Witramalal, salary. Most of his preachers Chomio and two other reserves east Dr. John S. Bonnell, pastor of nave no regular pay. He seeks of Metrence Station on the railway Fifth A v e n u e Presbyterian little for himself, spends most of line. These reserves had never before Chureh in New York, likens the his time in the field, and works been visited by evangelists, 'and the German Christians of today to indefatigably. When n i g h t Indians there are showing great in- the martyrs of the early church. comes he asks his village hosts, terest, , . . The Capuchin Friars are "It is heartening to know," he who usually sleep on mattresses the bitterest enemies of our work says, "that the German Church on the floor or on a low platform, among the Indians, and will stop at is not a whit nearer surrender to shove over a little so that he nothing to hinder us and prejudice the today than three years ago. The may lie down beside them. Indians against us. Some of the tales German people today, in the they tell people are unbelievably ab- hour of persecution, are show- His services are revival meet- surd, and are only accepted by some ing a true unity and exhibiting ings. He invites his hearers to because of the superstition in which a fortitude and courage similar come forward and begin a new they live. to that which marked the early life. Many do. They become martyrs. Little did we think at "God's children." Hundreds Congregations vary from twenty- the beginning of the twentieth have been transformed. They five to sixty Indians, and while re- century that the relations of are turned into active, ardent, sults are hard to see, there are sev- church and state would become aggressive Christians and tell eral who are very much interested, one of the paramount issues of their good news to others. Vil- . and ask to hear more and more about the century. This question was lages become cleaner, more pros- the way of salvation. settled for Christians 1,900 perous, more orderly. This work years ago, when Jesus said: is .as modern, and as old fash- EUROPE 'Render therefore unto Cresar ioned as St. Paul's. the things that are Cresar's and "Christian Communism" unto God the things that are Pan-Orthodox Congress God's.' These words acknowl- A remarkable new religious edge the fact that the state pos- The first Pan-Orthodox Con- movement in France is called sesses certain rights over its gress of Theology, which was Christian Communism. It is led citizens, but they also make it held in Athens last December, jointly by Catholics and Prot- clear that there are bounds be- dealt with such subjects as the estants; its symbol is the Cross yond which the state must not position of theology and science of Divine Love on which are go in the coercion of Christian in the Church; Biblical criticism placed a sickle and a hammer, conscience. The principle enun- in its relation to revelation and and its quarterly magazine, The ciated by the founder of Chris- to ecclesiastical authority; the New Earth, has a circulation of tianity denies the right of a relation of the Church and so- 15,000 copies. The Christian totalitarian state to render the cial problems; the relation be- Communists are opposed to Christian Church impotent by tween religion and culture, be- the godlessness of Communism. making it merely the mouthpiece tween the Church and State and They derive their principles of dictatorial leaders. That is questions of doctrine. It was from Marxism, but they deny the religious issue which is para- wide, indeed, in its scope. The that this is "anti-God." They mount in Germany today." purpose of this first Congress believe that the moral principles was not, however, to solve these which underlie Christianity are -Presbyterian Banner. problems, or even to discuss compatible with those of Marx- them exhaustively, out to begin ism. They oppose violence, but A Successful nlissionary _ the work of discussing and solv- point out instances where it is ing some of them. Considered in justifiable. They do not wish to A correspondent in the Chris- this light, the Congress had a "reform the church," but rather tian Century tells of a young striking significance in that it to "free it from the capitalist pastor-missionary in Bulgaria, focused the mind of the Church regime." Paul Rahneff. Most of the upon the theological and prac- 6,000,000 Bulgarians are quite tical problems of the day. -Presbyterian Tribune. poor and four-fifths of them live in villages, where they work the -The Living Church. Spanish Evangelicals Suffer There seems a general tend- ency on the part of the insur- gents in Spain to put the Prot- estant element in an impossible position. Eleven evangelical workers have been killed in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hardships in Russia listen to their teaching. Guards ham is the general director. British and American repre- Mr. I. V. Neprash, Director of were placed at the end of the sentatives at the capital pro- Russian Missionary Service, street to turn people back, and tested but to no avail. When publishes a bulletin called The men even came into the waiting- asked what was to become of a Link, from which we quote the room and tried to drag the pa- score of missionary workers, following: mostly women, who had been tients out. In spite of all this driven into the capital by war A Russian Christian from New the numbers kept up, and the conditions there was no reply Jersey went to Russia to see his aged women would slip in by side- but a shrug of the shoulders. father. Upon reaching Moscow he "For many weeks," writes a searched for some Gospel service, and streets; although they were missionary, "we have lived with after much hunting discovered that afraid to listen to the Gospel as many as twenty in one native the only place in which the believers message. hut. The mission station at were permitted to worship was the Lambuda has been completely space up under the roof of a Greek Then, gradually, a change destroyed and practically all the Catholic Church. It was a cemetery homes in the Gudella area have church, very inconveniently located, came. One day, in the middle of been burned." with narrow steps on the outside of a message, a woman jumped up the building. About 400 were present. Fighting Yellow Fever The people were constantly afraid and said, "Tell me again the that the beams of the ceiling would name of the One who can save Great Britain has invited Dr. give way and the whole crowd smash me,and keep my heart clean." Victor G. Heiser to make a spein a heap on the cement floor beneath. Turning to the others she said, cial study of the possibilities of "Listen, my sisters, to these controlling malaria and yellow From Moscow this man went to fever in British Africa. Dr. Leningrad and found that the largest wonderful words and take heed Heiser has spent thirty years preaching hall in Russia had been to them, for they are the truth." warring against plagues in all confiscated, and is being used as a parts of the world. He is recogmariner's clUb. He went next to a One by one they are turning nized as outstanding in the field country town where his father lives. to the light. -Life of Faith. of medical engineering. There was a group of believers there, but no services for fear of unbearable World's Youngest Elder The airplane, it appears, has persecutions. The coming of a Chris- become a potential disease cartian brother from the outside world In the Lokoja district of rier. European planes making was too great an occasion, and so they the regular journey to Brazil, finally decided to have a service. Nor,thern Nigeria the major part via the west coast of Africa, They gathered in a private home, have taken with them from Affrom three to five a. m., windows cov- of the Church responsibilities rica a new type of malaria that ered, with just one small oil lamp so is doing much damage in Brazil. that the visitor could read his New and organization falls upon one British health officers are anx- Testament. ious to prevent the spread in lady missionary. There are India from those areas in Africa At five a. m. the meeting dispersed, in which the host mosquitoes and it was well it did, for some spies ninety-two churches and only flourish. -Alliance Weekly. had already discovered them, and about ten minutes after the close of two catechis,ts with the help of Heathen in Union of S. A. the meeting the police were there. The man from New Jersey was then an African clergyman who pays The Union of South Africa has on his way to another town and not an approximate population of even his father knew which way he a visit once a quarter from the 9,479,985 persons, of whom more had gone. than two-thirds are nat i v e s. other side of ,the river. Since There are more than 3,000,000 AFRICA heathen in the Union; more this one missionary cannot visit heathen today than when the Work for Women missionaries began their work all the churches she adopted the over a century ago. One ex- A Girls' School and a Dispen- planation is the lack of a missary are firmly established in plan of caUing together two sionary spirit in the native Abu Hammad, under the control church and. a diminished evanof the Egypt General Mission, elders from each church in gelistic zeal on the part of nain a village of 5,000 Egyptian in- tive pastors. Furthermore there habitants. It was occupied by groups of 40 ata time, and giv- is among Europeans in South missionaries several years ago, Africa a widespread fear of the but opposition was so bitter that ing them a two-day course of competition of the black man, retreat became necessary. In should he be encouraged along 1934, a clinic was opened by mis- instruction. On one of these ocsionaries and soon many women were attending, both Egyptian casions, a boy of eleven apand Bedouin. As the numbers increased, act i v e opposition peared. When asked why he sprang up and spies were sent to the clinics. The work was de- had come he replied that he was nounced in the mosques, and pamphlets were printed and dis- a church elder, and so it proved. tributed, warning the people not to go near the missionaries or He frequently took the morning service,as he could read better than anyone else in the village, and he reminded the missionary that she had given him a New Testament four years previ- ously. -Eastward Ho.

Mission Property in Ethiopia The Sudan Interior Mission issues a report from its Toronto office that Italians in Addis Ababa have demanded all of the buildings, including headquar- ters and the leprosarium owned by the Sudan Interior Mission, of which Rev. Rowland V. Bing-

the path of progress. He is year ended without a single case under the rule of other Euro- more readily exploited when of default, or delayed payment. pean powers. Of the remaining -Christian Advocate. 34-35 million, Dnly those in Turignorant. -Alliance Weekly.

key, Arabia, Afghanistan and What Only Missions CanDo The Good Shepherd in Iran Iran are under Mohammedan rule. They no longer have a Northern Nigeria, equal in Most of the patients in a mis- sionary hospital of Iran are Mo- caliph; in 1924 the Ottoman calsize to the South Central U. S., hammedan. The medical superis Mohammedan and has been iphate was abolished with one entirely closed to missionary intendent asked his nurses to work. Some British leprosy try various schemes Df religious stroke of a pen, and the other teaching, and note the results Dn workers were allowed in govern- their charts just as they would Mohammedan states have never ment leper camps with the distinct understanding that they do nDte a rise in temperature or since been able to agree upon ap- other physical symptoms. The no religious work. pointing another. Then Dr. A. D. Helser, of the most successful was found to be the nurse's repetition of the Par- Moslems are themselves de- American Mission to Lepers, able of the Good Shepherd. The stroying their specifically Ismade a survey of this area. It patients became eager to hear revealed a growing dissatisfac- the great words, and soon lamic intellectual and spiritual tion on the part of the govern- learned them by heart, so that leadership. The great Azhar ment with its own efforts in when the "nurse departed from dealing with leprosy. In Sokoto, the true text, they would correct University, fDunded nearly one her. The explanation? The where the Sultan is the head, the parable supplies what is lacking thousand years ago, has for most government doctor was so dis- in Mohammedanism. Allah is of this time been the center from couraged that the leper camp great and powerful, in the minds which orthodox Islam derived its was closed down entirely. An- of his followers, but never tender other medical officer expressed or sympathetic. dynamic. The Azhar has IDSt himself as believing that "the first 40 per cent of leprosy treat- respect; it is continually mod- ernizing its curriculum. But missionaries dD not rejoice that modernization is takng the place of the old Islam, if it means their falling a prey toO Western ma- terialism. GEORGE SWAN.

ment lies in instilling hope in the -Christian Advocate. Annotated Testaments heart of the leper." The gov- Fernand Faivre, of Huguenot ernment now recognizes that MISCELLANEOUS descent, gave up the prospects missions can do that in a way Haven for Jews of a brilliant business career to that others cannot, and proposes that if missions will put a full- The New York Herald-Trib- devote himself e n t ire I y to time doctor in each camp, they une states that the French Min- preaching the Word. He has will finance him. ister Df Colonies has proposed been engaged for Dver 45 years The Sudan Interior Mission is that some colonies-specifically in evangelistic activity in southespecially eager to take advan- Madagascar, the New Hebrides, west France. tage of this opportunity to open F'rench Guiana, and New Cale- In 1922, he brought out the northern Nigeria to missionary donia-be thrown open to immi- first editiDn of his "Annotated effort for the first time. grants largely made up of Jews. New Testament," designed espe- -Mission to Lepers. This colonization is to be largely cially for evangelistic work. but not exclusively, Jewish; the Since then it has been issued in WESTERN ASIA immigrants must have capital Spanish, Italian, German, Por- and be prepared to work on the tuguese and other languages. Cooperatives in Palestine land or in other productive ac- Hundreds of copies have been The British Government is tivities. The plan is receiving shipped to the Cameroon, West helping to organize credit unions the careful attention of both Africa, where they have been and thrift societies among the Polish and Jewish press. used in the American Presby- Arabs in Palestine. There are It has also been proposed to terian Mission field. They were 74 societies, with 2,422 members settle Jews in the island of Cuba. adopted as textbooks on PrDtand capital of 1,709 Palestinian estant doctrine fDr native evanpounds. Borrowings amounting The plan has been laid before gelists. the President Df Cuba for conto 39,013 Palestinian pounds sideration and has the approval Rev. Andrew Gih, of the were made in one year by Bar- of President Roosevelt. Bethel Mission, S han g h a i, clays Bank at six per cent, and China, has translated the nDtes the societies reloaned to mem- The Moslem World Today – into Chinese (Mandarin). He bers at nine per cent, the cur- contemplates a first edition of rent charge made by the banks Of the approximately 235,- 20,000 copies, but wishes it were to borrowing bodies not Drgan- 000,000 Moslems in the world to- possible to have 150,000,000 ized as cooperative societies. day, 106,000,000 are under copies printed. Pastor Faivre Personal advances for seasonal British rule; 39,000,000 under offers toO pay one-half the cost of periods and medium-term loans Dutch rule; 32,000,000 under printing 100,000 cDpies ($6,250) up to five years are made. The French rule and 23,000,000 if the other half is provided.

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I Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~'i~================'~ The Way of the Witnesses. By Ed- sealed orders." These first wit- from quotations from other ward Shillito. Pages viii, 152. nesses to the crucified and risen writers, with whom of course Cloth, $1.00; paper, 50 cents. Christ began at Jerusalem and Dr. Speer is in agreement. These went as far as Rome. In obey- quotations are of real value and . Friendship Press, New York. 1936. ing the call they came to know more of the "mystery" of the na- show wide and discriminating This "New Testament Study ture and purpose of their Lord. reading, but they are not the in Missionary Motive" is by an They founded churches and fos- author's personal testimony. Oxford graduate who was a min- tered them, by visits and by letister in various parishes in Eng- ters, to meet the inevitable trials The first chapter, dealing with land and for some years Literary and dangers. They made prog- Christ's earthly life and its Superintendent of the London ress through conflict, as did the meaning, gives clearly the evi- Missionary Society before com- churches which they fathered. dences for the deity of Jesus. ing to America as a lecturer in In the Gospel of John, "the Gos- The second chapter, on the our colleges and theological pel of the Holy Spirit," the new "Person of Christ," points out schools. He is the author of generation "found a bridge be- that the whole essence of Chris- "Nationalism-Man's Other Re- tween their own day and that of ligion," and other works. Jesus their Lord." In its name tianity is in this God-man, rather the new society "claimed all the than in any philosophy, social Mr. Shi1lito's brief Introduc- world and all the ages." "The program or human organization. tion sums up the whole book, pattern of the New Testament," We do not agree with Dr. Speer, "The New Testament does not revealing "the love of Christ, un- however, in his view that "when contain a section given up to searchable and passing knowl- Christianity becomes a religion, . missions; it is a missionary edge," without that love "is book. . . . From cover to cover broken into fragments"; but the it ceases to be Christianity." it deals with one new fact – a constraint of that love will make That depends on one's definition power newly revealed and newly every Christian a missionary, a of religion. But the reviewer released in this human scene. A witness to all the world. new age begins. The revolution agrees that Christ is the essence is not of man, though it changes We would like to see this little of Christianity and without Him the life of man, but of God, book read by everyone interested there is no Christian religion. whose glory had been seen in the in missions, then placed in each face of Jesus Christ." But the one's lending library to be The chapter on the "Death of New Testament is not the end of recommended to every Christian it. It "deals with mankind and friend not yet interested. Mis- Christ" is a valuable contribuclaims the world for its scale." sion Study Classes will find it tion to this deeply mysterious The missionary is simply the attractive and inspiring. but most important subject. The servant of a world kingdom who author shows the deadly conflict "believes that a word meant for COURTENAY H. FENN. between two personalities-God all men should be offered to all and Satan – a conflict in which men." The Meaning of Christ to Me. By Satan seemed to be victorious Robert E. Speer. 12mo. 102 pp. but was definitely defeated at It is impossible to set forth in $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Calvary. Dr. Speer says: "The a brief review a hundredth part York. 1937. death of Christ reveals both the of the arresting thought, the con- limitlessness and the limitedness vincing argument, and the in- Here is a personal testimony of God, and also shows what he spiring challenge which the au- that is characterized by capital has done and will do for us." A thor has compressed into this "H" rather than by a capital railroad brakeman is quoted as small book. He pictures vividly "I"; "He"-Christ-is magni- expressing the truth when he "the first impressions of a pa- fied, not "I," the writer. For the said: "He (Christ) died my gan" on reading the New Testa- most part, the testimony is clear death for me, that I might live ment. Such a man is brought but only indirectly personal. His life for Him." face to face with a historic Jesus Some readers w.m wish that Dr. who committed His message of Speer had made it more direct The chapter on "The Resurthe Kingdom to witnesses whom rather than so largely made up rection of Christ" shows that He sent into all the world "under this is conclusive evidence of Christ's deity, and proof of man's immortality. The resur- rection imparts vitality to the Gospel and to be "risen with Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the R:o;vntw publishers on receipt of price.

[223 ]

Christ" means eternal life to the cares for the unemployed and capable of taking the conscious- Christian. ness of Christ as taught in the redeems the loss caused by "The Lordship of Christ" oc- panic." If it is true, as Dr. New Testament into their lives." cupies another chapter in which Kagawa repeatedly urges, that With the ultimate objectives the author shows that this means the recognition of Christ as the social reform must be motivated of Kagawa – the uplift of men supreme divine teacher, leader, by the Christian Spirit, then it overseer, owner of all who be- is highly important to know just and the introduction of a better long to Him. He is King of life. social 0 r d e r – there can, of what is the character of this im- course, be no disagreement. His Dr. Speer's most personal tes- pelling motive and how it is retimony is found in his final chap- sincer.ity and tireless energy ter on "The Second Coming." ceived. But here there is much also command admiration. It is This doctrine, belief, hope – is uncertainty as to the author's unfortunate, however, that he proved to be "an integral part of our Christian faith," clearly and position. No light is shed on the does not unite with these qualifrequently taught in the Scrip- problem by this further state- ties a clearer perception of tures, and of infinite importance ment: "If religion concerns itto every Christian. self only with the salvation of in- Christian truth, more of eco- nomic wisdom, and a truer his- Anyone who reads these dividuals and does not permeate torical perspective. studies carefully will find them society, it has but one result, the spiritually stimulating, encour- HUGH R. MONRO. aging, interesting, informing deepening of individuail conand convincing. They will prove sciousness." Or the following: 1936 Handbook of the Christian a blessing, not only to pastors, "The belief that the redemptive Movement in China under Protteachers and missionaries, but to estant Auspices. 8vo. 352 pp. every thoughtful reader who is love of Christ is united with the $3.00. Published for the National ready to accept the testimony of true nature of God gave birth to Christian Council by the Hsueh the Scriptures and of enlight- the doctrine of the divinity of Pub. House, Shanghai, China. 1936. ened Christian experience. Christ." The latest China Mission Brotherhood Economics. By Toyo- There can be no impeachment Yearbook includes information hiko Kagawa. 200 pp. $1.50. on the evangelistic, educational, Harper & Brothers. New York. of Dr. Kagawa's sincerity and, social, literary and medical 1936. in the light of what he has ac- work. Suggestions on "How to complished in dealings with out- use the book" are helpful, as well This volume has two distinct as the brief "HistorJcal Backvalues: first, it assembles a cast men and women in Japan, ground" and the "Interpretalarge amount of interesting in- there must be a certain grasp of tion." Since the first Protestant formation concerning the coop- missionary entered China in erative movement and its expan- the underlying truths of the 1807, the communicants have sion throughout the world; sec- Gospel. Nevertheless, his vo- grown from 100 in 1807 to 600,- ond, it presents the philosophy cabulary seems confusing and 000 in 1936 and the Christian and outlook of this outstanding strange to the intelligent Chris- community of all sects numbers Christian leader and social re- at least 2,000,000 Chinese. The former. Dr. Kagawa writes tian reader and the impression Handbook is mostly made up of with the evident conviction that will increase that this eminent lists of 68 missions with 1,207 the Church is under deep re- resident stations and 5,816 misproach by reason of failure to reformer fans to relate in any sionaries. Information is also translate its message into terms given on literature, cable adof economic life. Here is a adequate way the fruits of social dresses and institutions. It is a typical statement: "I believe efforts to the roots. A coopera- valuable book for reference. that instead of keeping this prin- tive is not necessarily a brotherciple of Cross-embracing love as Southern Baptists in World Service. a theological theory in the pul- hood, in the Christian sense. By E. P. Alldredge. Cloth, 60 cents; pit, we must put it into the When Dr. Kagawa deals with paper, 40 cents. 172 pp. Sunday whole social life of man. Right economic questions there is much here lies the principle which de- that is suggestive, but a some- School Board, Southern Baptist mands that the essence of Chris- Convention. Nashville. 1936. tianity must become the essence what similar lack of coherence. of the economic movement." There is recurrence of well- All phases of the denomina- The ambiguity of this state- known terms, some with a rather tion's enterprises are discussed ment is more or less character- radical connotation, and an adistic of the book. What is Cross- vocacy of theories of finance, in- in detail in eight chapters, in embracing love? In one place it surance, and distribution of is defined as "a great love which this handbook, designed to in- commodities which would hardly commend themselves to a well- struct the young people in informed economist. Dr. Kag- Southern Baptist churches con- awa passes a severe and not too discriminating judgment on the cerning the what, why and how Christian Church in this lan- of Southern Baptist world-serv- guage: "The majority of church ice. The material is well ar- organizations today are depend- ranged; Bible study is encour- ent, unfortunately, on the privi- leged class of profiteering so- aged by frequent references to ciety. When selfish profiteers, Scripture; questions for review who are of the same stock as barbarians, d 0 min ate the and answers are added to each churches, they are rendered in- chapter. B. G. JUDD.

Wonderful Women. By E. conference. "The Religious Na- A N 0 P P 0 R TUN I T Y

H. Farrance. 96 pp. Illus. lB. ture of the Negro," "The Im- Pickering & Inglis. London. 1936. portance of Understanding Na- for Pastors Desiring SONG BOOKS tive Customs," "The Effect of . Brief biographical sketches of twelve women whose lives have Industrialism on the Congo at counted in worthwhile service. Katanga," "The Right Attitude The list includes Harriet Beecher Stowe, Fanny Crosby, Mary toward Native Chiefs," "The A collection of n of the Moody-5IIn"'y Slessor and Ann Judson. The Psychology of Conversion," "The Evangelistic Campaign Song. u…. during material is not new or skilfully Place of Sports and Athletics in the Founder'. Week Conference. presented but the assembling of Missions," and "The Self-Sup- $ 5 0 0 PER HUN D RED these sketches in one volume is port of the Chur~h" – s.uch are ",..".'d. Slightly u••d. 1I0t impressive. some of the subJects dIscussed with considerable wisdom. Con- D. L MOODY CENTENARY CELEBRATIONS Sheaves After Harvest. By Dr. An- servative evangelical mission- 163 Instltllte Place drew A. Bonar. 12mo. 126 pp. Chicago, III. lB. Pickering and Inglis. Glas- gow. 1935. aries will find little here to criti- – – – – – – – – – – – cize and much to approve. Dr. Bonar was .a famous City Man. Charles Hatch Sears. Scotch preacher of over a gen- S. M. ZWEMER. 236 pp. $1.50. Harpers~ New eration ago, whose addresses repay reading today. Pentecost, York. Praise, The Second Coming, The Holy Spirit and similar topics New Boole. Frances Ridley Havergal. Esther E. are Scriptural, practical and in- Enoch. 95 pp. lB. Pickering & spiring. Beyond Statistics. The Wider Range Inglis. London. ' of World Missions. Stephen J. Corey. "Are You Awake?" By Florence E. 188 pp. $1.00. Bethany Press. St. A Hundred Years in Fiji. J. W. Marshall. Pamphlet~ 96 pp. 50 Louis, Mo. Burton and Wallace Dean. 144 pp. cents a copy, $30.00 a hundred. 222 3s.6d. W. Main St., Lansing, Michigan. 1936. Samuel Logan Brengle. Portrait of I Live–Yet Not I. George Goodman. a Prophet. Clarence H. Hall. 254 96 pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. These clever verses set forth pp. Salvation Army, New York. London. the virtues of abstinence from 1933. alcoholic drinks. They are Missionary Stories to Tell. Various catchy and popular and useful Christian High Schools in India. authors. 178 pp. 50 cents, paper; for Sunday schools and other Alice B. Van Doren. 170 pp. Rs. $1.00, cloth. Missionary Education temperance work with boys and 2-12. Y. M. C. A. Publishing House. Movement. New York. girls. Calcutta, India. Master of Money – A. A. Hyde. Exspectatio Gentium. Compte Rendu The Glorious Revival Under King George Irving.' 157 pp. $1.00. de la XIIIe Semaine de Missiologie Hezekiah. Wilbur M. Smith. Pam- Revell. New York. de Louvain. 330 pp. 35 francs. phlet. 54 pp. 35 cents. Zondervan Paris: Desclee de Brouwer & Cie. Publishing House. Grand Rapids, The Meaning of Christ to Me. Rob- 1935. Mich. ert E. Speer. $1.50. Revell. New York. Under this striking title we have the twenty-fourth publica- Dwight L. Moody-;A Mighty Man North Pacific. Edward Weber Allen. tion on Christian missions by of God. A. Chester Mann. Pam- 300 pp. Illus. $2.50. Professional the Museum Lessianum. A few phlet. 27 pp. 20 cents. Zondervan & Technical Press. New York. years ago another volume ap- Publishing House. Grand Rapids, peared entitled La Conversions Mich. One Hundred Years. Arthur Judson which dealt with methods of Brown. 1140 pp. $8.00. Revell. evangelism and the winning of Pools on the Glowing Sand. Story New York. converts in every missionary of Karl Kumm. Irene V. Cleverarea. don.. 194 pp. 58. Specialty Press. John E. Williams of Nanking. W. Melbourne, Australia. Reginald Wheeler. 222 pp. $2.00. The present volume consists Revell. New York. of seventeen papers by Roman 1936 Handbook of the Christian Catholic missionaries read at Movement in China. Charles Lu- Jungle Friends. G. A. West. 63 pp. the missionary conference of ther Boynton and Charles Dozier lB. S. P. G. London. Louvain last year. Ten are in Boynton. 352 pp. $3.00 (Shanghai). French; and seven in Dutch. Kwang Hsueh Pub. Co. Shanghai, Moslem Women Enter a New World. The papers merit perusal and Ruth Woodsmall. 431 pp. $3.00. show how the same missionary China,.. Round Table Press. New York. problems that perplex Protestant missions are faced by the White Missionary Plays and Pageants. Fathers and the Jesuits in Af- Fannie Smith Gray. 277 pp. $2.75. rica. Asia and the island world Western Baptist Pub. Co. Kansas were evidently left out of this City, Mo.

William Quarrier and the Story of the Orphan Homes of Scotland. Alexander Gammie. 196 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering and Inglis. London.

Awake! An African Calling. 56 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. London.

1936 STUDIES IN CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE James Hudson Taylor. James J. Ellis. Is. 96 pp. Pickering & Inglis. London.

Four Parts-52 Lessons. Part I, The Bible-The The Blessing of the Tribes. E.

God 01 the Bible. Part II, The Christ 01 the Bible Bendor Samuel. 28. 160 pp. Pick- -The Holy Spirit. Part III, Man-Sin and Redemp- ering & Inglis. London. tion. Part IV, The Church-Future Events. Send 15c in stamps for cunent issue. Full Assurance. H. A. Ironside. 75 cents. 126 pp. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. HRISTIAN PU8L1CATIONS.IN<: Kill or Cure? Muriel Lester. 135 pp. $1.00. Cokesbury Press. Nash- 1502 N. Third St., Hlrrlsburg, PI. ville.

NOT'

THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor Some articles in the April number : THE CROSS AND ISLAM' Edwin E. Calverley A JOURNEY THROUGH NORTHWEST CHINA Claude L. Pickens THE WORSHIP OF ADAM BY ANGELS . Samuel M. Zwemer ILLUMINATION—A SUFI DOCTRINE Edward J. Jurji ALEPPO AS A MOSLEM CENTER Alford Carleton SOME ARAB FOLK-TUNES . W. Idris Jones OLD ISLAM ~ OLD TURKEY . Lootfy Levonian THE FINAL WORD OF THE AHL-I-HAOO Charles R. Pittman ISLAM IN TRANSITION Paul S. McElroy NORTHERN NIGERIA Benjamin J. Marais Book Reviews Current Topics Survey of Periodicals ORDER THE SPECIAL RURAL NUMBER The Missionary Review th~ World The June Number will contain special articles on "CHRIST AND RURAL AMERICA"

Achievements in Rural Churches From a Colporteur's Notebook Challenge of the Rural Community Solving Some Rural Problems Rural Trends in Twenty-five Years The Youth and the Country Parish Cooperation in Rural Parishes A Rural Pastor's Job The Rural Community Church Some Unchurched Rural Districts Evangelizing Rural Foreign Born Responsibility of the City Church The Larger Parish Project Woman's Work in a Country Parish Order These Copies Now for Yourself and for Mission Study Classes 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor

The Missionary Review of the World — July 1935

" JULY

NARY RID Hitler and the Jews……A Christian View Conrad Hoffmann, Jr.

Christian Youth and aNew America RoyA. Burkhart The Spiritual Condition .of the Heathen Henry W.Frost Taking the Gospel to the Dyaks .

David Clench TheYounger Men's Missionary Congress Mills J. Taylor Experiences on the Mosquito Coast Kenneth 'Grubb ,Pioneering Work in Madagascar w. Kendall Gale 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea,.

WINNETKA Personal

Waenever EXTENSION SCHOOL Bishop J. H. Linton, of Isfahan, the Call comes from FOR CHILDREN Iran (Persia), a missionary bishop of EAST OF SUEZ PROVIDES GUIDANCE AND ALL the Church of England for over fif- MATERIALS FOR TEACHINfil YOUNG teen years, is returning to England, sail by having been appointed by the .l:Sishop CHILDREN AT HOME of BIrmingham to the rectory of p&O Handsworth, in succession to Canon It offers complete instruction for W. J. Lyon. The loss of Bishop Lin- To whatever part of the East the work the tirst six grades of school, using of the Faith may take you ••• Cunard self-instructive, self-correcting ma- ton to Iran will be greatly felt as he White Star and P & 0 combine to terials designed for individual prog- has been a leader in the evangelization make the way easy. You cross to ress. Curriculum, methods and of Moslems and in movements toward England by the largest fleet on the materials have been developed in Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the the Winnetka Public Schools under • • • uniting evangelical mission work. new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird direction of outstanding educators. Prof. Hachiro Yuasa, of the Imor any other fast luxurious P&O liners. perial University at Kyoto, has been Thus you use throughout the two For details about the special service elected and installed as President of Lines preferred by travelers since for children of foreign missionaries, Doshisha University, Kyoto, founded 1840 ••• on the Indian and Pacific by Joseph Hardy Neesima. The new as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- write to president is a graduate of Doshisha ditions of seamanship and service that and has received degrees from three have endured for nearly a century, THE WINNETKA EXTENSION SCHOOL American institutions. He is a third are your assurance of a safe and generation Christian, his grandmother supremely comfortable voyage. HORACE MANN SCHOOL and his father having been baptized by Dr. Neesima. Dr. Yuasa is also PEN INS ULARAN D 0RlENTAL WINNETKA •• ILLINOIS chairman of the Board of Trustees of AND the Kyoto Y. M. C. A. BRITISH INDIA Dates to Remember Rev. Ladislau•s H• ar*sanyi, pastor of STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES July 2-7-lnternational Christian En- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, the First Magyar Church, New York P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Pa. City, has been awarded the service pin Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, of the Presbyterian Board of National Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle. August 7-12 – World Convention of Missions for 25 years of service it' ments, China and Japan. to Australia and the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, that Board's work in his present field. New Zealand, East and South Africa, England. Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book· *•• ings at attractively low fares can be arranged August H-I8-Foreign Missions Week Mr. Albert Griffith AdaDls, of the by your local travel agent or any office of of the Southern Baptist Convention West Africa Mission of the Presby- Cunard White Star Line. in the Blue Ridge Mountains on terian Church in the Cameroun, has Compkteinformationfrom YourLocalAgentor the Southern Baptist Assembly been honored by the French Govern- Grounds, Ridgcrest. North Carolina. ment with the "Order of the Black CUNARD WHITE STAR Star of Benin." This is the highest August 12-18-World Alliance for In- honor of the Government given in GENERAL AGENTS ternational Friendship Through the Africa, and is conferred because of Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. • • Mr. Adams' financial ability. August 18-22 – Universal Christian Council for Life and Work. Geneva, • – – Switzerland. – – – – Dr. John Henry House, for sixty- four years a missionary under the Summer Oonferences and American Board in the Balkan States Schools of Missions of Europe, celebrated his 90th anni- versary on May 28th. Thirty years Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. ago, Dr. House founded the Thesso- Miss Mary I. Scott, 810 Tomlinson loni~a Agricultural and Industrial In- Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. stitute of which he is president emeritus. This is also known as the Chautauqua, New York. August 18- American Farm School and is located 24. Institute of World Missions, near Salonika, Greece. He still re- Mrs. F. C. Reynolds, 809 Woodlawn sides there and his birthday anniver- Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., sary was celebrated with the aid of Chairman. U. S. Minister McVeigh, the British Consul and representatives of the Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 8. Cor. Greek Government. Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1989 Grant Ave., Bustleton, Philadelphia, George Walk•er •Bu*ckner, Ji, has Pa. become editor of World Call, to suc- Houston, Teg;as. October 28-Novem- ceed Harold E. Fey. Dr. Buckner is ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2809 Rob- the youngest son of a minister of the inhood, Houston, Texas. Disciples of Christ.

Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). John Buchan*, an* * in the Pres- September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- guster, 1586 Van Buren St., St. elder Paul, Minn. byterian Church of Scotland, has been appointed Governor-General of Can- Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. July 81-August 6. MrS. B. H. Sin- ada, the first commoner to fill that cell, 108 2d St., Oakland, Md. post. * * "" Nort1r.field, Massachusetts. JUly 5-18. Mra. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. Dr. Friedrich Siegmund-Schultze. formerly a professor in the University Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. Mrs. Goo. Konold, 814 Scott St., of Berlin, director of the East Berlin N. E., Waqen, Ohio. (Concluded on 3d cOl1er.)

MISSIONARY

REVIEW OF THE WORLD DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor VOL. LVIII JULY, 1935 No.7 PUblication and Business 01llce– .."A Wonderful Help EMPRESS EXPRESS Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. TO THE ORIENT onThe Foreign Field" Editorial and Executive 01llce– YOKOHAMA IN 10 FAST DAYS by 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The School That Comes to You… By Mail! the Direct Express Route. Go on Entered as second-class matter at the sister-ships, Empress of Asia "Your school is a wonderful help here on or Empress of Russia. Ports-of-call: Post 01llce, Harrisburg, Pa., under the foreIgn held and I am so hal?PY to have Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, Shang- Act of March 3, 1879. my chIldren so well educated, . Writes a hai, Hong Kong, and Manila. parent whose children are studying Calvert 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. Courses in far off China. Take 3 more days and go by way Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. For 28 years, Calvert School has had a part of Honolulu on the fast Empress Published monthly, except August. in educating the children of famIlies in of Japan or the Empress of Canada. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. Missionary work . . . in giving them the INEXPENSIVE ROUND·TRIP FARES. British agents – Marshall, Morgan rich, cultural background of an American Go by distinguished First Class or and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, private school. comfortable Tourist Class. Still London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, No matter where your mission, Calvert lower Summer round-trip fares to 10 shillings a year. School will come to you with complete the Orient. Low-cost Third Class. courses of instruction for your children FREQUENT SAILINGS from Van- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- from kindergarten to high school age. couver (trains to ship-side) and LISHING CO., INC. All lessons, books, stationery and special Victoria. Orient fares include pas- Calvert educational devices are supplied sage to and from Seattle. California BOARD OF DIRECTORS from our prominent and successful prIvate sailings meet "Empresses" at day school in Baltimore. Honolulu. ROBERT E. SPEER, President These simple, understandable, moderately • Also, •• low-cost World Tours. WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President priced Home Instruction Courses are a BOOKLETS frOffiYOUROWN AGENT WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer unique and satisfactory way of solving your or Canadian Pacific: New York, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary child's educational problem in the foreign Chicago, San Francisco, and 34 held. other cities in the U. S. and Canada. SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Lessons Mav Be Started at Anv Time WM. B. LIPPHARD Write today. Get full information about ERIC M. NORTH Calvert-"The School That Comes to JESSE R. W'ILBON You." See what Calvert is doing for A. L. W ARNBHUIB others . • • it will do the same for your SAMUEL M. ZWEMER —– children. ———– Editorial Chat CALVERT SCHOOL The special Home Mission (June) number of THE REVIEW has already Mrs. O. S. Rhoads made a hit. Orders are being filled as Director of Home InstTUCtion promptly as possible as long as the 187 W. Tuscanv Road supply lasts. We cannot reprint a BALTIMORE, MARYLAND new edition. Please order now. Name _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ *** Address Since we do not issue an August E, Diffendorfer, John Ritichie and REVIEW this July issue is larger and others – missionaroies, executives, contains a rich and varied program. travelers and authors. Why not order Many of our readers will not wish to extra copies now? miss a 'word of it. Will you pass on copies and recommend them to your [321 ] friends? This will make them your debtors and will promote interest in Christ's work in all lands.

*** We deeply appreciate the many kind references to THE REVIEW and editorial commendations that appear from time to time in contemporary magazines at home and abroad. All who are living to exalt Christ and are working to advance His cause, can accomplish this end best by working in close and sympathetic fellowship with Him and with each other. There can be no selfish rivalry among Christians.

*** The September REVIEW will have a rich table of contents with articles on the present situation and progress in Turkey, Africa, China, Japan, Korea and America. Do not miss your copy by a failure to notify us of any change of address.

The Latin Am* er*ica*number of THE REVIEW will be out about October 1st. The articles include very informing and stimulating papers by Latin Americans and by such well-known authorities as John A. Mackay, Webster E. Browning, S. G. Inman, Ralph

by Kenneth Grubb PhotogrOJphy by Kenneth

TRAVELING ON ONE OF THE TYPICAL ROADS IN HONDURAs A GLIMPSE OF THE CAPITAL OF HONDURAS-NOT ON THE RAILWAY REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 7 JULY, 1935 Topics of the Times A PEACE MESSAGE FROM JAPAN understand the problems and difficulties confront- Missionaries of Christ are true peacemakers. ing the Oriental peoples, to remove all sources of True Christians are one the world over. They friction and misunderstanding for which our namay not be able immediately to change govern- tion may be responsible, and particularly to cultiment policies or to control moral conditions, to vate attitudes that will spurn any suggestion of correct economic and social evils or to establish seeking solutions of our problems by means other true Christian educational methods, but they seek than the employment of peaceful diplomacy. We to live in harmony with the Will of God and at plead for the will to peace. peace with fellow Christians. A recent letter (April 20th) has come from missionaries in Japan "With a solemn sense of our responsibility as to fellow Christians in America. It is, in part, Christian Americans in Japan, and in the light of as follows: our intimate knowledge of the Japanese people, we declare our conviction that the cause of peace "As Americans living in Japan we find our- and mutual welfare will be served if our fellow selves in a position of peculiar privilege. To the American citizens resolutely and conscientiously rich heritage of our own citizenship, there is added consider the following proposals: the wealth of life and friendship with another (1) To study with care the laws proposed in our legisnation. Our experience has deepened our. appre- lative assemblies, or already on the statute books, that ciation of both peoples and has convinced us that bear upon our relations with foreign countries, and more priceless benefits will continue to flow naturally particularly to remove the aspects of our Immigration Act which offend the self-respect of Oriental peoples; from growing intimacy and cooperation between (2) To condemn the subversive propaganda against forthem. For the historical friendship between eign countries frequently appearing in certain of our Japan and the United States is not a mere phrase; ne(;fa~~r~~ing to bear the force of Christian principles it is a fact which rests upon deep sentiment, mu- upon the foreign policies of our government; tually advantageous commercial interests, and for- (4) To support our government in every effort to avoid tunate geographical positions. This relationship giving offense to friendly nations by such incidents as inhas the additional advantage of being enlivened discreet declarations on the part of public officials, naval by differing but complementary cultures. Ob- manreuvers on the borders of friendly powers, and other provocative gestures of force; viously only a structure of peace should rest upon (5) To encourage our government 00 take the lead in such a foundation. disarmament proposals which, while protecting legitimate . "In saying this we would not ignore differences national interests, shall eventuate in reduction of armain point of view on some vital issues. Such differences are I.neVI·table bet ween st rong andas·pIrm. g ments to police status; nations but they should be made stepping stones (6) To cherish the faith that peace can be won and to mutual respect and cooperation through the workings of enlightened statesmanship and the maintained wherever men of good will unite in sacrificial diplomacy of peace. . . . and intelligent cooperation, and to encourage the round- table method of solving the complex but by no means in- "However, in the presence of forces which, if soluble problems now confronting the nations in East Asia; unchecked, may easily endanger this long record (7) To reenforce our government in every possible way of unbroken peace, we would urge our friends in in a policy of cooperation with other nations through the the United States to redouble their efforts to International Labor Office, the World Court, and all other effective agencies for world regeneration. We believe that the entry of the United States into the League of Nations would greatly contribute to the maintenance of peace in [323 ]

East Asia, removing a serious obstacle to Japan's return partment undertook the enforcement of the revenue act to the League, and encouraging her cooperation 'in all in- of May, 1934, the cases began to come in again under the ternational affairs. revenue procedure. . . . The increase in practically all kinds of crime has carried us beyond the estimate. In "We would stress the need of forbearance and other words, the lag we were expecting to get through the sympathetic understanding of the spiritual aspira- repeal of prohibition did not matlerialize. tions and material needs of all the Oriental peopies; we urge the exercise of a fearless and en- If prohibition does not "prohibit," even more lightened conscience in the discernment and sup- is it true that licensing the manufacture and sale port of the moral principles involved. We believe of alcoholic drinks does not decrease crime or the in facing these problems upon the plane of Chris- cost of law enforcement. The Department of tian love rather than that of materialistic self- Justice also states that there has been no decrease interest. We assure our fellow-Americans of the in the number of prisoners since the repeal and presence of this spirit and point of view among that "appropriations must be increased to provide many of our Japanese friends, both Christian and for more inmates in penal and correctional instinon-Christian, and we pledge ourselves to work to tutions." the end that in the critical issues before us the advocates of reason and peace on both sides of the It is encouraging on the other hand to note the Pacific may speak the final word." number of Christian educational and welfare agencies that are studying the situation and are ALCOHOL AND CRIME endeavoring to cope with the problem through the introduction of scientific instruction and char- The use of intoxicants is not the only or the acter-building programs. The "Allied youth chief cause of crime and immorality. The lack of Movement" and similar organizations are workhigh ideals, defects in modern education, unwhole- ing diligently to enlist the youth of the country some home and family life, a dominating desire in promoting moral and spiritual strength and to to gratify selfish instincts, and above all a disre- increase true patriotism and the observance of gard for God and the supreme claims of Jesus the laws of God and of the State. Christ are the real causes of weakness and deterioration in individuals and in society today. ALL-INDIA CHRISTIAN CONFERENCE At the same time sociological studies reveal the The Christians in any land, because of their fact that increase in the use of intoxicating drinks high ideals, their general intelligence and strength promotes disease, crime and immorality. Alcohol of character, should be able greatly to influence as a beverage lowers resistance, weakens inhibi- legislation and standards of conduct in the country tions, interferes with judgment and takes away of which they are citizens. The difficulty is that self-control. Physicians and police officers declare they cannot unite on a course of action or that that even one drink is enough to incapacitate a many of them fail to stand strongly for Christian man or a woman for safe driving of an automo- principles when the test comes in regard to public bile. There is good reason why locomotive engi- questions. The acceptance of Christian standards neers are forbidden to use intoxicants and yet plus Christian unity may accomplish wonders in their engines run on rails! The number, freedom national and international life, under the guidance and power of the modern motor cars make it es- of God. sential that every driver have all his mental and physical powers under perfect control. Men and The recent All-India Christian Conference is an women do many foolish and hurtful things when example of how Indian Christians are getting tostrong drink has taken away or lessened their gether in an effort to make their united voice felt powers of calm judgment and self-control, giving in Indian life. This conference met at Moradain their place false courage and greater disregard bad, April 19th and 20th, with delegates from for results. United Provinces, Bombay, Panjab,' Behar and Orissa, and Madras. The president was Dewan Advocates of the repeal of prohibition stated Bahadur A. Appadural PiIIari of Madras and the that crime would decrease with the return of general secretary is Mr. Behari Lal Rallia Ram. license. As a matter of fact the Department of Justice states that crime is increasing since the Among the resolutions adopted by the conferrepeal. Jails and prisons are overcrowded-very ence were the following: largely as a result of strong drink. Mr. Sanford Bates, Director of the Bureau of Prisons, stated 1. An appeal to the viceroy to grant amnesty to a subcommittee of the House of Representatives to political prisoners not guilty of violence. . Committee on Appropriations (March 4, 1935) : 2. A resolution urging the substitution of the There was a great decrease in liquor offenses which con- term "Backward Classes" for "Depressed Classes" tinued through the repeal. As soon as the Treasury De- as more in harmony with the Christian spirit. The conference urged that all agencies and or- ganizations make every effort to remove all so-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

cial, economic and educational disabilities from years ago); the Church of England Zenana Mis- which some Indians suffer on account of their sionary Society, with seven missionaries (opened ancestry, occupation or residence. The United thirty-four years ago); the Christian and Mis- Provinces Association has successfully appealed sionary Alliance of New York withdrew its mis- to the Government to call a conference on the sionaries from Chaman a few years ago.

education of village Christians and to avoid re- There has been practically nothing done for the ferring to converts from "Backward Classes" by people of other districts in Baluchistan, most of their old caste titles in public returns and docu- whom are either Sunni Moslems (735,000) or ments. Hindus (55,000). Christians number about 7,000 3. The conference suggested better cooperation and Sikhs 8,000.

between Roman Catholics and Indian Protestants, No word has yet been received as to the fate of on questions of general public welfare, through the missionaries. It is reported that the city of the appointment of a joint committee of fourteen. Quetta will not be rebuilt.

This committee would deal with civic and other matters affecting the Indian community as a YOUTH CONGRESS IN PHILADELPHIA whole. An "interdenominational youth congress" is 4. The conference expressed its conviction that what Christian Endeavorers call their coming in- ternational convention which is to meet July 2-7. the "Government of India Bill," now being en- In the societies represented in the Philadelphia acted in the British Parliament, fails to give ade- County Christian Endeavor Union are seven thouquate recognition to the Indian Christian com- sand young people and within a radius of five hunmunity and that this bill should contain a declara- dred miles live approximately one-third of the tion in favor of guaranteeing the fundamental Christian Endeavor members of North America. rights to every citizen in the full exercise of his The meetings will be held in the civic Convention religious beliefs and of the rights of minorities. Hall which has thirty or more conference rooms for sections of the day-time program and an audi- 5. The conference also called attention to the torium seating several thousands for evening need for revising the Indian Christian Marriage mass meetings. Among the speakers announced Act of 1872 since under that Act an Indian Chris- for the Philadelphia convention are Dr. Robert tian girl is placed under great disadvantage if E. Speer, missionary statesman; Dr. Norman V. she marries a man whose religion entitles him to Peale, of the Reformed Church in America; Dr. be governed by his own personal laws. Oscar W. Blackwelder, a Lutheran leader from Washington; Dr. Lynn Harold Hough, a Meth- Christians in every land recognize that their odist preacher and educator, Drew Theological true "citizenship is in Heaven" but they cannot Seminary; Dr. Daniel A. Poling, editor of Christherefore escape from the responsibility for tian Herald and president of the World's Chrisunitedly seeking to make the laws of the land in which they live more in harmony with the eternal laws of God and the Spirit of Jesus Christ.

THE EARTHQUAKE IN BALUCHISTAN tian Endeavor Union; Dr. Edwin T. Dahlberg, a Baptist clergyman from St. Paul, Minnesota; Miss Quetta, the capital of Baluchistan, northwest Margaret Slattery, widely known author and a of India, has been completely destroyed by an popular speaker to young people; Hon. Lester H.

earthquake (May 31) with the loss of over 40,000 Clee, D.D., Newark clergyman who is speaker of lives in the earthquake zone – including at least the New Jersey House of Representatives; Dr.

200 Britishers. Louis Evans, Presbyterian minister of Pitts- Baluchistan has an area of 134,638 square burgh; Dr. Abram E. Cory, Director of the Pen- miles and a population of 800,000; the British sion Fund of the Disciples of Christ; Dr. Norman administered territory includes 54,228 square E. Richardson, a leader in religious education; miles with a population of about 425,000. The Dr. William Hiram Foulkes, Newark, leader in city of Quetta, beautifully situated in the moun- international religious projects; Dr. Roy A. Burk- tains, had a population of about 60,000. British hart, Columbus, Ohio, youth leader; Dr. Samuel troops and government officials were stationed at W. Hughes, of London, secretary of the National Quetta, and here the Royal Air Force headquarters Free Church Council of Great Britain; Dr. James were entirely destroyed, as well as practically all Kelly, of Glasgow, general secretary of the World's the houses in the civil area. The cities of Kalat Sunday School Association; Harry N. Holmes, and Mastung were greatly damaged as were all international Christian leader in peace move- the villages between Kalat and Quetta. ments; Bishop M. H. Davis of the African Meth- The only Protestant Christian missionary work odist Episcopal Church; and the Rev. and Mrs.

in Baluchistan is that conducted by the Church Vere W. Abbey, secretaries of the Christian En- Missionary Society in Quetta (opened thirty-five deavor Union of India and Burma. More than

seventy young people and leaders of young people such a thing as personal conviction of sin. Now, for many, will compose the faculty of the daily school of the sin is rather a misfortune than a fault. Conviction of sin, convention, where young people will discuss timely if it comes, seems'to result from a study of the social issues in many phases of church and community wrongs rather than from a sense of personal sin. service. "We Choose Christ" is the general theme of the convention. 4. Forty-three years ago, the Bible was regarded by Christian students as the Word of God. Now it is regarded Several hundred delegates are expected to ac- by some as merely containing the Word of God, and each company President Poling and Mr. and Mrs. undergraduate may decide for himself what parts of it Abbey to the World's Christian Endeavor Con- are the Word of God. The result is that there is a lack of vention in Budapest, Hungary (August 2-7). faith in the absolute trustworthiness of the sacred Scrip- "Thy Kingdom Come" is the theme of the World's tures. Convention, at which a delegation of eight hundred is expected from Great Britain, with large 5. Forty;-three years ago, doubt was regarded with representation from Germany and delegates from alarm, now sometimes there is a danger of placing a pre- Northern Italy and the missions fields. mium on doubt. Our Lord did not congratulate Thomas on being so clever as tp doubt His resurrection. Of course UNIVERSITY STUDENTS TODAY we should not favor credulity; we ought to have a reason for the faith that is in us. Dr. Robert P. Wilder, known and beloved by many as the founder of the Student Volunteer 6. Today the presentation of Christian truth to uni- Movement and a tireless worker for Christ among versity men and women is, much more "highbrow" than it students in India, Europe, America and the Near used to be forty years ago. The appeal in those days was East, has recently visited British universities to the will more than to the intellect. The appeal now under the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Fellow- seems to be largely to the intellect. Jesus said, "If any ship. These conferences have produced effective man willeth to do His (the Father's) will, he shall know results in the deepening of spiritual life and the of the teaching." presentation of the call to Christian missionary services. Many workers among students today need to be re- minded of the words of Christ, "Except ye be converted It was forty-three years ago that Dr. Wilder and become as little children, ye cannot enter the Kingdom first visited the British universities for the pur- of Heaven." Many today join groups to discuss about the pose of helping to enlist students as volunteers for Bible rather than to study the book itself. missions. The changes that have taken place in Christian program in the universities in the past 7. During my first visit to Great Britain, missionary forty-three years are significant. He says in a addresses were usually based on the Bible as giving the recent issue of the Inter-Varsity Magazine: charter for the work. The need of the non-Christian lands was explained. Now speakers frequently appeal to their • 1. When I first visited the British universities, there audiences on the political, industrial and social needs of were in the main only three objects emphasized: humanity. Christ is so presented as the fulfilment of all that is good in non-Christian faiths that some students (1) To win fellow students to a personal faith in Jesus think that while He is the best way to God, He is not the Christ; only way.

(2) To build them up in Christ by prayer and by Bible In my recent tour one was much encouraged by the size study for personal spiritual growth; of the audiences. Thank God there were some conversions and several believers were deepened in their faith in (3) To encourage them to go forth as workers for Christ. In England, Ireland and Scotland it was a joy Christ into needy places at home and abroad. to find liberals present at many of the meetings. At the Guildhall in Cambridge there were 800 to 1,000 students Now the Christian undergraduate is expected to study present and there were some real spiritual results followsocial problems; to align himself with peace movements; ing that meeting. to study economic, racial and international problems, and to work for the unity of the Church. In the pressure of It is a joy to see so many students coming back to the these various interests which compete for his attention, "Morning Watch" and personal evangelism which were so the three primary objects are frequently lost sight of. prominent forty years ago. Undergraduates today have no more time for extra curriculum activities than they had forty-three years ago. Much the same comparison can be drawn be- tween American students-even professing Chris- 2. Forty-three years ago there was a strong belief tians-today and those of forty years ago. They among Christian undergraduates that those who are not are less concerned with their own eternal welfare saved are really lost. There are today a number of stu- and that of others all over the world; they are indents who feel that to mention hell is "bad form." The terested in social, economic and political probfuture destiny of one who lives an evil life had better not lems and methods-almost to the exclusion of the be discussed, is the feeling of many. The power of student religious and spiritual; they are prone to accept leaders like D. L. Moody lay largely in their conviction as their code the prevailing customs, standards that those who are not saved are really lost. St. Paul and philosophy of men even when these contradict "warned men night and day with tears" because he knew the Word of God as revealed in Christ and th~ their real condition. Bible. But there are encouraging signs of a re- turn to Christian faith and practice. Modern 3. Forty-three years ago Christian undergraduates knew materialism and humanism have failed to solve present-day problems and there is a growing con- sciousness of need for superhuman wisdom and power to guide human thought and destinies.

and the Jews-A Christian

By CONRAD HOFFMANN, Jr., New York I Director of the International Missionary Council's Committee }Be- on the Christian Approach to the Jews THE phenomenal rise to power of Adolf Hitler, As a result of this defeat, revolution broke out his anti-Semitism, and most recently, his de- in Germany overthrowing the monarchy and re- cision to rearm, the Versailles Treaty pro- placing it by a republican form of government, hibitions notwithstanding, have made him Eu- for which the German people were not prepared rope's post-war surprise package or Jack-in-the- either by temperament or training. They were Box. Few people ever expected him actually to monarchists and not republicans. Civil war con- become Germany's "Fuehrer." Even those whose tinued more or less well into the spring of 1919, authority and judgment we respected and trusted when the terms of the Versailles Peace Treaty predicted as late as January, 1933, that he would were made public. The Germans had anticipated never come to power in Ger- a peace on the basis of Wilson's many. Yet only two months Fourteen Points, but when the later, as a result of an over- Why do Germans dislike terms of Versailles were anwhelming landslide majority the Jews and wish to elim- nounced in May, 1919, complete vote of the German people, the inate them from national disillusionment took place. The Austrian painter and political life? Is there any justifica- treaty placed upon the Ger- fugitive of a few years back tion for such persecution and mans two great burdens: the was officially and enthusiasti- discrimination of the Jews as material burden of impossible cally inaugurated as Germany's they are experiencing; if so, war reparation demands, and leader and heralded by many as the spiritual burden of carry- Germany's saviour. what is it? The Christian ing the whole guilt of respon- viewpoint is very different sibility for the war. Such guilt To understand these unex- and people in many lands they refused to acknowledge; pected developments, we must have been stirred to protest. they could not and would not go back to the war days and Dr. Hoffmann has recently gathered first· hand informatake up Germany's experience tion; read his article if you believe that their six million and history since then. Only as wish to know the inside facts dead on the battlefields of and to learn the probable rewe comprehend the full portent Europe had died without some of the war and post-war experi- sults to the Christian Church justice to their cause. ences for the German people and program. Inflation of the German cur- can we hope to account for rency followed, causing com- Hitler and his anti-Semitism. plete demoralization of the peo- We need to remember that the German people ple by removing the sense of security commonly went into the war believing, rightly or wrongly, placed in a country's money. From being one of that theirs was a righteous cause and that God the most thrifty peoples in the world, in the course was on their side. (Incidentally, every nation of two years the Germans became the greatest that participated in the war went in with much spendthrifts. In times of a rapidly decreasing the same kind of belief and conviction. It seems currency value, such as swept Germany during that the universal God of all mankind had been the inflation, the worst thing to do seems to be to split into petty national gods by the respective na- save money and the wisest thing is to spend it as tional propaganda.) With this strong conviction quickly as possible. The result was that the aver- the German people made every possible sacrifice age German workman, clerk, or professional man, to win the war, and the Allies remember to their on receipt of weekly wage or monthly salary, in- sorrow that as a result Germany, practically stead of depositing a large share in savings bank single-handed, fought the world to a standstill for accountl;l, hurried off to spend as quickly as pos- four long years. The Germans emerged from the sible and translate it into more stable commodities war completely exhausted. All their sacrifices such as food, clothes, furs, jewels, but under no proved in vain, for as we know Germany was circumstances to keep the money. Even the little defeated. children caught the fever and knew that if they [327 ]

did not spend the ten or twenty pfenning they re~ more Germans, intently straining their ears in ceived immediately they would get less and less anticipation of his address. And beyond them the candy the longer they kept the money. A sum of many millions of Germans listening in on the na- German marks which in the early days of the in~ tional hook-up that was to broadcast the inaugural flation {leriod was sufficient to purchase an entire ceremonies. Expectation everywhere. A rebirth city block of houses in Berlin was, by the end of of a nation. What an opportunity and temptation a year, scarcely sufficient to buy a pair of shoe~ for a clever politician to play the "grandstand"!

strings. Hitler, however, displayed real genius; as he Then came political disintegration. The Ger~ stepped forward to address that vast assembly, man people, unaccustomed to the privilege of suf- visible and invisible, he effaced himself and in- frage which came to them with the revolution, stead called upon the venerable General von Hin- transformed that privilege into license. At the denburg. Placing the General between himself peak of this political disintegration there were as and his German audience he remarked simply, "to many as twenty-seven different political parties this man we owe this great hour" and made that in the field, all competing bitterly for the control the theme of his address. Hitler was well aware of the country. This in turn created disunity, that Hindenburg was the idol and hero of the civil strife, chaos, lawlessness, and disorder. German people and by this r1ct of recognition in- Finally, while these experiences were taking volving his own effacement he won for himself the place, the Germans were in the throes, not of an acclaim and confidence of the German people who economic crisis, but of a chronic economic depres- have ever since referred to him as "The Leader,"

sion which still continues, notwithstanding the many of them going further and speaking of him drastic efforts of Hitler to promote an internal as "The Saviour."

boom. That inauguration at Potsdam marked the birth The inevitable consequence of experiences of of a new Germany. By resorting to brutal viothis kind was to reduce the Germans to a state of lence it is true that Hitler has eliminated all oputter despair. On the other hand, as they looked position by completely routing and exterminating to the future there seemed absolutely no hope for the communist party, the social democrats, the them, in view of the unbending rigidity of Allied Centrum, and finally Hugenberg's Stahlhelm, the diplomacy toward Germany ever since the war. group that had helped to put him into power. As a matter of fact it is very doubtful whether With open opposition gone, Germany gained a Hitler ever would have come to power had Allied sense of unity. Moreover, Hitler gave German diplomacy been a little more generous with men youth the prospect of participation and creative like Stresemann and Bruening, or had undertaken activity in the building of the new Germany. in some degree to fulfil the Versailles Treaty terms Finally, thanks to his Spaf'tan idealism, he has with reference to their own disarmament. In this carried through a great moral clean~up of Gerthe Allies helped Hitler's rise to power. many. In no cities of the world perhaps was With the Germans in this state of despair and there such flagrant display of vice as in Berlin hopelessness it was natural for a messianic long~ and other German cities in the post-war period. Obscene art and literature, the nudist cult, the ing to develop. I The people craved something or most vulgar and daring of night clubs and cab- someone to come and change the situation for the better, and so, like a drowning man grasping at a arets flaunted their vice openly and boldly. Hitler straw, they grasped at Adolf Hitler as their only has eliminated all this and one might pray for a hope of salvation and swept him into power on a Hitler to help clean up some of the vulgar dis~ great tidal wave of national yearning. 'They were plays and vice centers of our own cities. convinced that he could not make conditions worse but might greatly improve them. Thus Hitler be~ The Outbreak of Anti-Semitism came possible because of the desperation of the Let us now turn to a consideration of the out- German people. Everything else having failed, break of anti-Semitism. Why did it come to pass? resort to this desperate step was taken. Since the Germans went into the war believing Whatever we may think of Adolf Hitler he is theirs was a righteous cause and that God was not a mere political mountebank. That was best on their side, they could never understand their evidenced at the time of his inauguration in Pots- defeat and post-war suffering. In their search dam. Imagine the scene: A festive and flag- for an explanation they dared not blame God, and draped church in Potsdam of Frederick the Great naturally did not wish to seek the cause within fame. Crowded to the doors and windows with themselves but rather looked about for some scape- an august assembly of leaders of every walk of goat. Under Hitler's leadership the Jews became German life; innumerable representatives of for- this scapegoat and were held responsible for all eign governments. Outside the church 100,000 or the ills that had befallen the Fatherland. Trag~

HITLER AND THE JEWS-A CHRISTIAN VIEW

ically throughout history the Jew has ever been election before he came to power over five million conveniently near at hand to become the scape- communist votes were cast in Germany. At the goat of nations in time of crisis. To justify his time, there were only 650,000 Jews in the country accusation against the Jews, Hitler provided evi- so that even if all these Jews, representing men, dence in many ways. First, he called attention to women, and children, had voted communist, there the fact that the constitution of the Weimar Re- were still eight times as many communist votes public, which followed the overthrow of the mon- cast as there were Jews in the country. Hitler archy was built up on the theories and doctrines himself tells us that not all the Jews voted com- of one Karl Marx who was born a Jew, although munist for simultaneously he accused them of be- later he was baptized as a Christian. Hitler then ing the financiers and in control of the money in- proceeded to rationalize, pointing out that the re- terests of Germany. One has yet to find that com- publican form of government had created political munist and capitalist make good bedfellows!

disintegration, that this in turn had created dis- He next called attention to the demoralizing in- unity and chaos, lawlessness and disorder, and fluence that had been at work in Germany in the that as a result Germany had been unable to pre- post-war period, above all to the anti-God and sent a solid front to the Allies. This meant in- anti-church movement that had been raising its ability to have German demands accepted by the head. Because certain Jews were connected with Allies, and left the future dark and uncertain. these tendencies he held German Jewry as a whole And so the ills of Germany in the post-war period responsible.

were traced back to Jewish influence and the Jews Finally, he pointed to the international connec- as a whole held responsible for all the national tions of the Jews and insinuated that, by virtue misfortunes. of these international connections, Gerrnan Jewry Again, Adolf Hitler called attention to the fact was intriguing against the best interests of the that, as a result of the large number of Jews in Fatherland.

the professional and cultural life of the country, Teutonic Racial Purity Germany was becoming Judaized. He failed, to explain that in the pre-war days non-Jews in- On top of all of these accusations came his racial variably sought the military career, from which purity idealism. Jews were excluded, so that the Jews naturally When a desperate people are fed with this type turned to the professions. The war ended the of propaganda against a disliked minority, the military career, and non-Jews, who had formerly inevitable result is an outbreak of more or less become military officers now turned to the pro- violent discrimination, which in Germany has fessions in which they discovered a dispropor- manifested itself in the present evidences of antitionately large number of Jews. As the economic Semitism. In times of crises it is easy to fan the depression increased, the competition became public opinion of a suffering people into hatred. more intense, with resultant growing bitterness The Germans, as we have seen, were desperate against the Jews who were holding jobs which the and were therefore neither objective nor reason- able; because certain Jews seemed guilty all non-Jews now wanted to fill. Hitler also called attention to the presence of Jewry was held responsible. We have here evicertain Jews as ringleaders in the communist agi- dence of the curse of generalization of which tation that had characterized post-war Germany. Jewry has ever been the victim.

Moreover, he told of the large number of Jews Hitler's anti-Semitism manifests itself not so that had come from Eastern Europe into Germany much in actual physical violence done the Jews since the war. Actually only about 70,000 had as in the commercial, political, social, and cul- entered but reference to Eastern Europe at once tural ostracism and boycott of all Jews. The acts envisaged Soviet Russia, and the "bugaboo" of of violence against individual Jews, and the minia- communism. Thus Hitler propagandized the Ger- ture pogrom in Gundershausen, are as inexcusable mans into believing that the Jews were respon- as are the numerous acts of violence perpetrated sible for the menace of communism in Germany. against many non-Jews who as communists, so- He had forgotten that during the war it was the cialists or pacifists were regarded as opponents German War Ministry which, as a war measure, of the Nazi regime.

had granted permission for Lenin and Trotzky to The average tourist to Germany will see little cross Germany from Switzerland en route to evidence of any Jewish persecution and as a re- Czarist Russia, in the hope that they would stir sult many have returned maintaining that there up the communist revolution in Czarist Russia, is no anti-Semitism, and even expressing admira- break Russia from the Allies, and thus give Ger- tion for the present regime. Owing to extensive many a better chance of winning the war. He press censorship many Germans are ignorant of also neglected to mention that in the last normal actual conditions, and they remain inarticulate or

maintain that the accusations concerning Hitler's lion as compared with the 650,000 Jews in preanti-Semitism are malicious propaganda from Hitler Germany. Fully 500,000 of the so-called abroad. Moreover, all articulate opposition to Hit- non-Aryans are out and out Christians, and have ler involves the risk of position, imprisonment, and been so for several generations, but because, by even of life. the accident of birth or inheritance, they happen to have Jewish blood in their veins they are dealt When one confers with German Jewish leaders, with as Jews and are being increasingly deprived visits Jewish families, and delves beneath the sur- of all possibility of a livelihood within Germany. face, one quickly discovers how insidious and pernicious is the campaign against the Jews. The The net result of all this anti-Semitism is a more vulgar and despicable aspects of the cam- gradual removal of Jews and Jewish influence paign are seen in Streicher's anti-Semitic publica- from the life of Germany, which in some respects tion known as Der StUrmer, and heard in certain reminds one of the elimination of the bourgeoisie public addresses against Jews made by represent- from Soviet Russia. Whereas it is not as drastic atives of the Nazi party. Der Sturmer stoops to as the "blood purge" of June 30, it produces more crude, indecent, and undignified attacks on the spiritual anguish in addition to physical pain. Jew utterly unworthy of the Germany of Goethe Within the last few weeks rumors have been curand Schiller, and of what we commonly und€r- rent that a definite plan of elimination of the Jews stand as German Ritterlichkeit. Newspapers fre- from Germany within the next twenty-five years quently publish the names and addresses of J ew- is being seriously considered. To date not more ish doctors and lawyers, urging the German pub- than 60,000 of the total 650,000 Jews in Germany lic not to patronize these. All Jews are denied have actually been able or willing to flee Germany positions in the civil service, in the teaching pro- to escape this growing wave of ostracism. Many fessions – whether in· the universities or the German Jews are really Germans – Germany is schools – as well as all participation in the cul- their native land and they are loath to leave it tural life of the country as represented by the even in the face of so much antagonism and peropera, theatre, arid music. The small trades are secution. Some 27,000 have gone to Palestine for at present the primary outlet. But when a coun- permanent settlement. The others have gone to try is in the throes of economic depression there France, Switzerland, Poland, and Czechoslovakia, isn't much hope for many new thousands of people where permanent residence for a few, and temto enter the small trades and to earn a livelihood porary residence for the many have been perthere. mitted. On the other hand, even if more desire to leave Germany, they cannot under present world A Campaign of Bitterness conditions. Emigration is practically impossible, for immigration laws everywhere, made more During the early part of last winter one was rigid by universal unemployment crises, render led to believe that a more moderate policy with any large exodus from one country to another imregard to the Jews was being introduced, but in possible. And so we have the tragic experience recent months and notably during March, the of hundreds of German Jews who had fled to campaign against the Jews seems to be $reatly neighboring countries where they have been intensified in scope and bitterness. granted temporary domicile now finding them- selves actually compelled to go back into Germany The whole campaign is most vicious in that it because no other country will have them. Acis not confined to adults but is extended' to the cording to a report widely circulated, many of children as well. A Berlin clergyman recently these returning Jews, on arrival in Germany, sent the writer an anti-Jewish poem which his ten- were at once placed in custody of the police or in year-old son and other Berlin school children were concentration camps. required to learn. Yet Heinrich Heine's "Die Lorelei," though written by a Jew, remains a Can there be any justification for this extensive popular folksong of the Germans. Members of and apparently brutal discriminatiqn and persethe boys' and girls' youth groups are forbidden cution of the Jews in Germany? Even though we to have any social contact with their former J ew- admit that the accusations of Adolf Hitler are ish playmates. The result is a poisoning of the true with reference to certdin individual Jews, minds of innocent German children with race there can, none the less, be no justification for the hatred and the creation of spiritual anguish for punishment of all the Jewish people of Germany the Jewish children. because of the guilt, real or imaginary, of certain German Jews. Having advanced this principle, Nor is the discrimination limited to Jews only. we must apply it to the Germans as well. There In pursuit of the racial purity idealism of Hitler seems also no justification for punishing all the it also includes all who within two generations Germans by the boycott because Hitler and the back have the taint of Jewish blood in their veins. Such persons are known as non-Aryans. Their number in Germany probably exceeds three mil-

Nazis are guilty of an unjustified and brutal anti- necessarily agree with all his policies, as is shown Semitism. by the courageous protests of Protestant clergy- A Christian Viewpoint men against the totalitarian concept of Hitler.

From a Christian point of view we must spe- The fight for the subjection of the Church to the cifically protest against Hitler's anti-Semitism. dictates of the State is not yet won. It is sig- In the first place, it is a violation of human per- nificant that of all the various agencies and groups sonality held sacred by the Christ whom Chris- in Germany the Church has been the only one tians profess to believe in. In the second place, which has dared openly to take issue with Hitler. it is an utter denial of the spirit and teachings of Note also the remarkable stand taken by Cardinal that Christ. In the third place, anti-Semitism, if Faulhaber, Roman Catholic Prelate of Munich, carried to its logical conclusions, must sooner or later become a menace to the continued existence who in five Advent sermons,* preached in 1933, of the Christian faith itself. As a matter of fact, a considerable number of Germans, in their desire openly took issue with Hitler with regard to his to eliminate Jewish influence, are not content to totalitarian state, his attitude toward Jews and eliminate it merely from their economic, profes- non-Aryans, and the neopagan trends in the wake sional, and cultural life, but are also attempting of Naziism. to eliminate Jewish influence from their religious faith. But if one would rid the Christian faith There are Y. M. C. A.'s in Germany which to of all Jewish influence one must do away with date have never hoisted the Hitler flag and anyone Moses and the Ten Commandments, the psalms, who has been in Germany since Hitler came into and the prophets. In addition one must do away power knows how conspicuous a building without with Jesus Christ Himself, as well as the twelve a swastika flag is in present-day Germany. The Apostles and St. Paul. Thus little would be left. marching thousands of young and old to the ac- Incidentally, this analysis reveals how much the companiment of military music and the flying Christian faith owes to Judaism for its own colors of the Hitler flag and the singing of the content. Horst Wessel song, as well as the extensive be- flagging of all buildings and homes, give the im- pression of a continuous Fouth of July celebra- tion. At least one Y. M. C. A., on hearing of the order requiring all youth organizations to enlist Following the shock of the outbreak of Hitler's their members en masse in the Hitler youth moveanti.,Semitism protests against it have been world- ment quietly, and deliberately dissolved its own wide. In some cases these were engineered by membership so that it had no members thus to the Jews themselves. In others Christians took enlist. It takes courage to do such things in Gerthe initiative. But unfortunately mere protests many today. are of little avail and bring no relief to the vic- Finally, I call attention to the experience of tims. The simplest solution would be repatriation one of my intimate friends, a Roman Catholic, and rehabilitation of the Jews of Germany in Fritz Beck by name, who lived in Munich. He other lands. But at present any large exodus of Jews from Germany to other lands is possible. was in charge of all student activities in Bavaria and was director of three student centers in America to date has taken in not more than 3,000 Munich. Ever since the war he had been most and these are very largely scholars, scientists, and active in international student affairs and while a musicians, admitted to help fructify American loyal German was strongly international-minded cultural life. Weare no more desirous of having the rank and file of German Jew than is any other and a very special friend of American students. Soon after Hitler came into power Beck received country in the world. instructions to keep the Jewish students out of Moreover, in America we find a rising tide of the student centers. A decision had to be made. anti-Jewish feeling and in view of our Negro Beck realized that if he refused to obey, the result racial problem and the brutal lynchings that take would be at least loss of position-a very serious place every now and then, the Germans rightly matter. But because Beck believed that the Faretaliate when we protest, with the question, therhood of God implied the brotherhood of man "What right have you to protest against our anti- and that therefore to discriminate against any Semitism? Are we doing anything that is worse people was a direct violation of that fundamental than your lynchings?" conviction, he had the courage to refuse. As a The world has wondered at the apparent ab- result he lost his job, and moreover gained the sence of opposition and protest within Germany enmity of many of the older Nazi students who against Hitler's anti-Semitism. It is therefore swore vengeance. By a miraculous coincidence, significant that not all Germans have acquiesced. Fritz Beck had many years ago befriended Roehm, Whereas most Germans will admit that Hitler is their only hope, that does not mean that they • These sermons have been published by the Macmillan Company under the title "Christianity, Judaism, and Germany."

who at the time of Beck's dismissal, was German Moreover, in view of the extensive oftimes exag- Chief of Staff. Roehm, hearing of Beck's dis- gerated agitation and protest against Germany, missal, and remembering the friendly deed of everything German of which certain American many years ago, used his influence to reinstate Jews and non-Jews have been guilty, American Beck and put him under the wing of his protec- citizens of German ancestry are becoming Gertion. On June 30, 1934, as we all know, Roehm man-conscious and are bitter against the Jews. among others was shot in cold blood by Hitler's Clashes and conflicts between Jews and such Gerorders. The older students took advantage of the man-conscious Americans have been frequent. commotion of the purge to call on Beck in his Most startling, however, is the large number of office. Beck was "taken for a ride," apparently Americans who are inclined to be indifferent, if tortured and then shot in cold blood. Several not actually sympathetic to Hitler's campaign days after his body, riddled with bullets, was against the Jews. As a friend sincerely interested found on a roadside near Munich. Beck paid in solving the problem of the Jew, one could wish with his life for his defense of the Jew. for some recognition by Jews that certain Jews, by their attitudes, actions, and activities help to Fritz Beck's last letter to me, written just six provoke anti-Semitism, and that such undoubtedly weeks before he was killed, gives evidence that was the case in Germany. Hitherto there has been he had a premonition of the fate that awaited him. no such admission of possible guilt by Jews. To None the less he went ahead, not swerving from solve the problem of the Jew, both gentile and his convictions, even in the face of death. In this Jew must cooperate in eliminating causes of antiletter (dated May 15, 1934), he wrote: Jewish feeling. The gentile alone cannot elim- inate anti-Jewish feeling, even though we admit On June 4, God willing, I shall once again be at the old the burden of guilt rests largely on gentiles. job in Munich. And even though it is with a bleeding heart that I view much of that which is now taking place One-third of all the Jews in the world live in in Germany I shall remain at my post as long as God wills. America. One-eighth of all the Jews in the world Indeed, it seems almost like a miracle of God that I have are in New York City. What is the future of been able to continue at my task thus long, in spite of the these Jews? There are evidences of growing antifact that I have in no way changed my opinions. May God Jewish feeling. The serious economic crisis which give me strength ever to bear witness to Him, even if the confronts America contributes to this. There are Powers that be should demand of me torture, imprison- numerous small groups that are openly agitating ment, or life itself. against the Jews and it is here that the real 'chal- lenge to the Christian Church of America comes. Will not you also remember me in prayer-after all, The American Church must be aggressive in the separated as we are, prayer alone availeth. . . . present situation lest through indifference or tol- erance it become guilty, like the German Church, Thus we see that whereas Hitler and the Nazis of actually fostering anti-Jewish feeling. are brutally anti-Semitic, there are many Germans who, at the risk of position, liberty, and life In the past nations have endeavored to solve itself, are taking issue silently as well as openly the Jewish problem by forcible conversion of the in their protest against anti-Semitism. Let us not Jew to the Christian faith, by his exile, by segregeneralize with reference to the Germans any gation in the ghetto, and even by massacre, but more than with reference to the Jews. none of these methods have solved the problem. Anti-Semitism, no matter what form it takes, Other Issues in Germany merely aggravates the problem of the Jew. The only other alternative is that of true Christian If space permitted, one should discuss the im- neighbol'liness, and it is this which the Christian portant German Church issue, as well as the char- churches of America must promote and immeacter, and aims of the Nazi party and finally the diately, if we are to avoid an outbreak of antiimplications for peace or war in Europe, growing Semitism akin to that which has taken place in out of Hitler's recent decision to rearm, the con- Germany. This is the task of the Christian sequent conferences between Hitler, Simon, and churches. It must be more than goodwill, im- Eden, as well as the Stresa meetings. However, portant as that is; it must be, a witnessing to the our primary concern has been the Jewish ques- Jew who is our neighbor of the power that Jesus tion, with which we must limit ourselves for the Christ gives men and women to live as true chilpresent. dren of God and therefore as true brothers to our fellowmen, irrespective of race, color, or creed. To complete our theme, we need a word on the Jesus Christ is the key to the solution of the probimplications of Hitler's anti-Semitism for Amer- lem of the Jew, here as in Germany and elsewhere. ica. It is well to remember that in the wake of Hitler's anti-Semitism there has come a renaissance within Jewry. It is significant that this renaissance is stressing the racial and national aspects of Jewishness rather than the religious.

Youth and a New

~~II~~~BY~R~O~Y~A~.~B~U~R~KH~A~R~T~'~C~Ol~wn~bu~S'~O~h~i~o~~ll~ SOMEONE has well said that if Communism in it far-reaching possibility. For the first time gets the upper hand in America Christianity will be to blame. Someone else has said that in the history of Protestantism all agencies workif we ever have a war again Christianity will be to blame. Someone else might well say that if our ing with youth are actually working together. It economic order, with its muddled and turbulent conditions, finally ends up in chaos, dragging civ- is a challenging movement. Youth and their lead- ilization with it Christianity will be to blame.* ers are responding in a most encouraging way.

In one of the twenty-four youth conferences The Christian Youth Council of North America held in important centers as a part of the united youth program, "Christian youth Building a New met at Lake Geneva last summer and most of the WorId," a boy stood up in a closing commitment service and made this significant statement: camps and conferences last summer built their Mr. Leader, how can you have the conscience to stand program around this united youth movement. there and ask these young people to commit their lives to a religion that is a part of an economic order and a social Many denominational meetings and all agencies system that is pagan to the very heart? You are asking them to give their lives to a religion that has wandered looking into the summer and next fall are planfar from its Founder and that has become a battle cry for a civilization that has long since lost concern for ning their programs in harmony with the major human needs. I am the son of a Methodist minister. I am a graduate of a large university in engineering. I projects of the movement. waited four years for a job-I could not get it. My life had no meaning. Now I am a Communist and my life has Twenty-four large regional youth conferences meaning. We Communists are building a new world. We may starve doing it but we have the satisfaction of work- were held in March and more than 26,000 young ing for a cause that will ultimately give justice to those who live after us. people and their leaders were in attendance, with The reader can well visualize what happened in 1,600 local churches represented. Most encourthat group. There was a deathly silence. Well thinking young people, realizing the devisiveness' aging reports have been received. Young people in our conception of Christianity, the lack of constructive action, the apathy of so-called Christian were challenged to the task to be done by Chrisleaders, knew that this boy was speaking words which were far too true for comfort. They knew tianity and were made aware of their responsithat young people in most churches have no sense of mission. Few have any sense of going any- bility and their privilege in helping to build a where except to church. They feel they want peace but they know of no strategy of action new world. The young people received a great whereby they can get peace. They want social justice but they know that the economic power is sense of fellowship and mission that are of great in the hands of a small group of people. They know that as long as these people have the power value. The young people went forth with a feelthere is little others can do. Consequently they have a sense of futility, spending their days won- ing that they were joining with others in builddering if they will be lucky enough to get jobs. ing a new world and that they did not need to go Because of these facts those who are close to the growing united Christian youth program, see alone because they had fellowship with Christ • These statements are, of course, not endorsed by the Editor of who has the power to make all things new. THE REVIEW. It Is only "denatured Christianity," Christianity The different agencies had not been working :~~hfo~af~~IS~hristm~~~o~e1i;:::':~~I~~R~lamed for failure. Those together but out of these conferences will un- doubtedly emerge a strategy of cooperation in the community which should result in significant prog- ress along many lines. Such cooperation will give young people a sense of mission and of a definite objective because of the fact that they are work- ing with young people from many other groups.

In one city they are planning f¥ large peace parade with a hundred thousand4"0ung people. One church or one denomination dpuld not go very far but all groups' working together can speak and act with' power.

In the past there has never been a distinct na- tion-wide Christian youth movement. There are at present hundreds of small movements of one sort or another, but none that is national in scope.

Now, in the new program, many observers feel that there is a movement which is destined to be- come dtor,uesl ya1N1tohert hCAhrml.setiraicnaynoiunt scope. Includ ing as 'I. t h agencies in b oth the United States and Canada, there is every rea- [333 ]

son to expect great results from it. Not only All over the world there is appalling misery and should the ten or twelve million young people in the churches become active in this united effort, suffering. War clouds hang low. The poor are getbut thousands who are not now in the fold should be won to Christ and His program. ting poorer and the insecurity of the dispossessed Already programs for camps and conferences more intense. Those who have jobs have them at are being shaped into the movement. Various denominations are planning national gatherings to the expense of those who have none. There is build their own programs in harmony with the vision they have glimpsed. The camp conferences fear, hatred, and gloom. But through the blackof the International Council of Religious Education are to be a real part of the movement. The ness and the mist, there is a reassuring ray of biennial convention of the International Society of Christian Endeavor, to be held in Philadelphia hope-Christian youth, working with their elders in July, will have a distinct relationship to this great plan. and with the youth of other faiths can build a new Late in 1935 or during 1936 an enlarged meet- world. It is on that hope that many are bettering of the Christian Youth Council will be held with 2,000 or 2,500 delegates, including key young ing their lives.* people who are holding positions of leadership in national or area groups, present to report prog- * The following material on the United Youth Movement has been ress and to make plans. prepared cooperatively and may be secured from the International Council of Religious Education, 203 North Wabash Avenue, Chicago, IlL: "Forward Together," a promotional leaflet giving information about the movement, (Single copies, one cent; 100 c'oples, 75 cents; .500 copies, $3.50; 1,000 copies, $6.50.) A poster for the above material may be secured for ten cents. "Our Share in Build- ing a New World," a printed pamphlet containing suggestions and resource materials for local groups (ten cents). "The Statement of Christian Conviction of the Christian Youth Council," including a worship service for use in connection with the Signing of this state- ment (single copy, five cents; five or more copies, three cents each; 300 or more, three cents each less twenty per cent discount). A speCial pamphlet entitled "After Conference~What?" was prepared for use as follow up to the conferences mentioned above. This will serve as a splendid guide to youth groups in taking a creative part in this movement. Copies of this can be secured from the Board of Religious Education of the Disciples Church, at three cents per copy.

THE MISSIONARY MESSAGE OF THE CROSS The word "cross" in the Scriptures never occurs in the plural. To Christ the cross meant one thing, and nothing less: His sacrifice of Himself to save others. That is what it must mean to every disciple-self-abnegation. To take up the cross and bear it after Christ is to undertake, like the Master, a life of self-erucifixion for the saving of others. It is to lose the self-life for His sake. It is to be willing to die, if need be, that others may live. When our Lord hung upon the cross His enemies tauntingly said: "He saved others: Himself He cannot save." No sneer ever hid a truth so sublime. In the Christian life, saving self and saving others are utterly incompatible; and the one great difficulty with the whole body of professed disciples is that most of them are trying to save themselves, and yet be saved. And so it comes to pass that thousands go to church, come to the Lord's Table, utter prayers and bear the name of Christ, yet live a life essentially worldly, and are engaged in no truly soul-saving work. They spend many times as much on self-indulgence as they give to feed the hungry, clothe the naked, . or give the Living Bread to dying souls.

Consider what would be the result if every professed child of God could burn with Paul's passion for souls, could know the continual heart burden for the unsaved, that made it possible for him even to wish himself accursed that they might be saved.

That was cross-bearing. The Apostle Paul died daily; he was "crucified with Christ," he bore branded in his body the marks of the Lord Jesus. Could ten thousand of the millions of professed believers burn with such a Christ-like passion for souls, for one year, the Gospel would be carried round the globe within that year. Arguments and appeals are vain while you argue and appeal to the spiritually dead. Before the church can "convert the world," the members of the Church must be converted. The real difficulty is not in unsanctified purses, or unsanctified cradles, but in sanctified hearts.

A light that does not shine, a spring that does not flow, a germ that does not grow, is not more a contradiction than a life in Christ which does not bear witness to Christ. If there be a spring within, there will flow a stream without. If there is no witness, is there any experience? "He that believeth on me," as the Scripture hath said, "out of his innermost being shall flow rivers of living water." He who has no passion to convert, needs conversion. The saved man is not content to have unsaved men go unwarned, or the -saving power of God to go un-, witnessed. It may well be doubted whether one who bears no part in testimony to Christ has any part in His salvation. Would that everyone might feel the full force of this paradox of missions: "Christ :alone can save this world, But Christ cannot save this world alone."

ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

Spiritual Condition of the

By REV. HENRY W. FROST, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

Home Director Emeritus of the China Inland Mission I F THE heathen-those who have never heard the facts, then indeed it would be worthwhile to the Gospel or received life through Christ- leave homeland, kin and kindred, ease, comfort, are not "lost," one would feel almost warranted physical and educational advantages, all that goes in openly disobeying the command of Christ and to make the home life alluring and profitable, for making no effort to carry the Gospel to them. For the sake of delivering souls from perdition and what use would it be simply to civilize them and bringing them to Christ and, at last, to an eternal give them our western culture? To be sure they and beatific Heaven. In such a case, we should need some things which go with our civilization, understand why Jesus said to go and asked us to such as teachers, schools and colleges, and, par- sacrifice our all. And in such an event, we should ticularly, doctors, nurses and· hospitals. But it not think Him ruthless, but, on the contrary, very would cost too much to give them these at the compassionate, not only to the heathen, but also, sacrifice of separation from loved ones, living in to ourselves, in spite of our heavy loss. And in far-away lands, consorting with such a happening, there would alien and uncouth peoples, en- be those who would desire to go during deep and long drawn- One of the greatest points abroad instead of staying at out loneliness, exposing the of disagreement between those home and would consider it a body to serious climatic dis- . who are and are not vitally high privilege, honor and joy to eases, facing possible attacks interested in evangelizing the obey the commandment of by lawless mobs, and finally, it world with the Gospel of Christ to preach the Gospel to may be, passing through sud- Christ is the question as to every creature. Yes, it would den and terrible death. Life is whether or not all non-Chris- make all the difference in the too precious to trifle with it and tians are Ulost" and in danger world if we knew that the to throw it away by spending Gofode. terMnaalnysewpahroattiaokne fsriodems heathen are really lost. on this question have never its strength in the pursuit of really studied it. Dr. Frost Missionaries of old felt this secondary objectives. It re- to be the case; and they went. quires a strong inducement to presents the view of the This was true of Judson, Carey, warrant our giving up home- ~~Word of God" – the only Livingstone, Morrison, Burns land advantages when the alter- final authority. and Taylor. It has been true of nate is to be, not gain, but large a countless number of others and perpetual loss. For this who have followed in their reason we should be tempted to say, in spite of the train. And it was true of that greatest of all misarrant disloyalty of it, Let us disobey Christ and sionaries, Paul, who became all things to all men stay at home, unless the heathen need the Gospel that he might save some. for the saving of their souls. In such a case, we Now it must be conceded that God is the only should come to. the conclusion that the Master had One, in heaven above or on earth beneath, who dealt ruthlessly with us when He commanded us really knows whether or not the heathen are lost. to go to peoples, not lost but having sufficiently For it is only His eye that sees the true condition good religions of their own to save them. of souls and their eternal state and destiny. This Suppose, however, the heathen are lost; what implies that there is not a man living, however educated, intelligent and spiritual, who, of himthen? Suppose their religions are false, their idol self, has the slightest conception of the heathens' worship is vain, their long pilgrimages are wasted spiritual condition. So far as the natural man is time, their sacrifices are destructive of everything concerned, therefore, the subject is beyond undergood; what then? Suppose they are worshiping .standing and had best be left unconsidered. But, not God, but demons, and suppose, when they in spite of this conclusion, a question may be pass through the portal of death, they go out into an unillumined darkness and into an eternal sep- asked: Has the All-knowing One made any revaration from God and Christ and all that is pure elation to man concerning the spiritual condition and beautiful and holy; what then? If these are of the heathen? If He has not, we must remain [335 ]

in ignorance. If He has, we may rightfully seek and that it was only the man who heard and re- to know what is revealed. This then, is our pres· ceivedit who would be saved.

ent attitude of mind. Feeling that we must know, Christ, when He spoke from heaven and comif possible, the truth of God concerning the missioned Paul to be a missionary to the Gentiles heathen, in order that we may understand what to lifted the veil which hung over the heathen and do in reference to the command of Jesus to preach discovered to the apostle and thus to us their spirthe Gospel to them, we turn to the Scriptures to itual state. He spoke as follows: "To open their discover what their testimony is. eyes, and to turn them from darkness to light, and The question of the spiritual condition of the from the power of Satan unto God, that they may heathen is discussed even in the Old Testament. receive forgiveness of sins" (Acts 26: 17, 18).

David said, "The wicked shall be turned into hell, Here then, is the revelation of the All-seeing One.

and all the nations that forget God" (Ps. 9: 17) ; He affirmed that the heathen are spiritually blind and again, "Confounded be all they that serve and do not see; 'that they walk in darkness and graven images, that boast themselves of idols" need the light; that they are in the possession (Ps. 97: 7). Isaiah wrote, "The idols he shall and under the dominion of Satan and require to utterly abolish" (Isa. 2: 18-21). Joel declared, be delivered from him and brought to God; and "Let the heathen be wakened and come up to the that their sins are so many and great as to call for valley of Jehoshaphat; for there will I sit to judge a divine forgiveness.

the heathen round about . . . for their wicked· Paul is profuse in his statements concerning the ness is great" (Joel 3: 11-13). Micah affirmed, heathen. The following are some of his declara- "I will execute vengeance in anger and fury upon tions: '

the heathen" (Mic. 5: 15). "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the New Testament Declarations world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned" (Rom. When we come to the New Testament we find 5: 12). In the light of this verse, we cannot say that it is replete with statements in reference to that the heathen will be lost if they do not hear the heathen and their spiritual condition. We the Gospel and be saved. The proper statement is would review some of these declarations, as that they are lost and will remain in this condifollows: tion if they do not hear the Gospel and are saved.

If we should be asked what verse in the New The spiritual "death," spoken of is the state of Testament most reveals the love and grace of God . being lost and that death, because of man's trans- we should probably reply in these words, "God so gression and universal sin, has fallen upon all.

loved the world that he gave his only begotten In other words, all men, including the heathen, Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not are born in a state of spiritual death and need the perish, but have everlasting life" (John 3: 16). redemption of Christ. The only question is, Will But there are things about this verse of compas- they come to know Christ and be delivered from sion and mercy which we do not usually recognize. their lost condition? .

They are these: It says that God loved "the "For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven world"; then we must conclude that all the world against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of had need of that love and the gift that followed. men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness. . . .

Also, it says that God gave His Son to the world For the invisible things of him from the creation that it might "not perish"; then it follows that of the world are clearly seen, being understood by the world was perishing and that the only way in the things that are made, even his eternal power which it could be kept from perishing ultimately and Godhead; so that they are without excuse"

and utterly was by believing on the Son whom (Rom. 1: 18, 20). There is much talk about the God has given. In other words the verse declares "innocent heathen." But they are not found in that the reason why God manifested His love and experience and the Scripture never describes them grace was because the whole wide world was lost. as such. God, in the last words of our passage, Jesus put at the very heart of the Great Com- definitely and positively affirms that the heathen mission-according to Mark's Gospel-these sol- are "without excuse," He being revealed in the emn and startling words: "He that believeth and physical world by which they are surrounded..

is baptized shall be saved; but he that disbelieveth "For as many as have sinned without law shall shall be condemned" (Mark 16: 16 R. V.). The also perish without law" (Rom. 2: 12). The Master here implied that the preaching of the "law" here spoken of is the Mosaic law. The Gospel. was a matter of life and death; that the verse says then, As many as have sinned apart man who did not believe it would remain in his from the Mosaic law shall also perish apart from lost condition and would be divinely condemned, the Mosaic law. This refers to the heathen, and

THE SPIRITUAL CONDITION OF THE HEATHEN

the reason of it is, first, though the heathen have alienated from the life of God through the igno- not the Mosaic law, they have the law of con- rance that is in them, because of the blindness of science; and second, no man can be saved by law, their heart" (Eph. 4: 17, 18). There is infinite whether it be that of Moses or conscience, for no distance. between God's thoughts and man's as one can keep the one law or the other (Rom. 2: 11- touching the heathen. We count their ignorance 16). It is thus that God adds, not shall be judged of the way of righteousness an entire and valid without law, but "shall also perish without law." excuse for their not walking in that Way. Igno- "But I say, that the things which the Gentiles rance in some cases is excuse. But this is not the sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons and not to God" case with the heathen. For their ignorance is the (1 Cor. 10: 20 R. V.). Let us observe from our direct result of a wilful blindness of heart. God verse, that the One who sees and knows does not does not hold them responsible for not knowing look with complacency upon the sacrifices of the the Gospel. That is the responsibility of the heathen, however earnest and self-denying these Church, and a heavy one it is. What they are remay be. He declares, in effect, that all heathen sponsible for is this, for not seeking to obey the religions are nothing else than demonology. This One who has revealed Himself in sun, moon and is a serious charge, coming from such an One stars, flowers, fruits and waving fields of grain, the rain that falls and the wind that blows, all of as God. "And you hath he quickened, who were dead in which are so many sights and sounds of the livtrespasses and sins. Wherein in time past ye ing and true God. Their ignorance, therefore, is walked according to the course of this world, ac- self-imposed and it results from the blindness, not cording to the prince of the power of the air, the of their eyes, but of their hearts. It is for this spirit that now worketh in the children of dis- that God will judge them. And as it has meant an obedience: That at that time ye were without alienation from God in this life, so it will mean Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of an alienation in the other.

Israel, and strangers from the covenants of prom- John, the seer, is given a vision of the last ise, having no hope, and without God in the world" things and is permitted to give us to see what he (Eph. 2: 1, 2, 12). Paul had a first-hand knowl- saw, including the last of the last things, namely, edge of the heathen, having been brought up in the final judgment of God. As we look at this rev- their midst. He knew, not only the worst of them, elation, we shrink back appalled, for the view is but also the best of them, having been highly edu- other than we should like and is shocking to every cated and having been associated with those of fiber of our being. And yet, if we believe in God's scholarly minds and cultured lives. Also, he had Word and love truth more than ourselves, we shall in mind, in writing to the Ephesians, the refine- look again and believe what we see through the ment and high-plane living of many of the heathen words which we read. And as we read, we shall who dwelt at Ephesus. And yet, he implies as to remember that it was the beloved apostle who all of the heathen of that city and thus of all the wrote the words, the man of God who loved and heathen everywhere, that, they walk "according to pitied as no other man did. His words are these: the course of this world," and "according to the "The fearful, and unbelieving, and the abominable, prince of the power of the air," namely, the devil; and murderers, and whoremongers, and sorcerers, that they are "without Christ," are "aliens from and idolaters, and all liars, shall have their part the commonwealth of Israel," are "strangers from in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone: the covenants of promise," and are "without hope" which is the second death" (Rev. 21: 8). And and "without God in the world." mark it, the items of sin mentioned describe th'e If these words do not describe the lost state of heathen 'almost more than any other class of huthe heathen, including the best of them, we know man beings, for preeminently it is true of them now what words would. Take, for instance, these that they are "abominable, murderers, whoretwo words, "without hope." We hear much in mongers, sorcerers, idolaters and liars."

these days, especially as related to the heathen, So then, we conclude that the All-knowing One about the "larger hope." But God did not coin has granted to us a revelation and has given us to that phrase. His statement is "No hope," which, see what He sees, namely, a perishing world.

according to the word "no," must refer both to With this sight before us, it is easy to understand this present world and the next. So then the why Jesus, who loved us, said "Go"! He is not heathen at large, in spite of their religions, phi- willing that any should perish, and, as God sacri- losophies, altruisms and negations of self, are in ficed Him, He is constrained to sacrifice us, if a hopeless state. This, as God sees things, is be- only the lost may be saved. All that remains, ing utterly lost. therefore, is for us to decide which we love the "As other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their better, ourselves and our ease, or Christ and the mind, having the understanding darkened, being souls of men.

A. A. Hyde-A Good Steward*

.r-. A T THE ripe age of eighty-six, and less than a Promoters and even friends with schemes for week after teaching his Bible Class and de- profitable investment found Mr. Hyde too busy to livering a message to the staff of his Men- be interviewed, but he always had time to hear the thalatum Company, A. A. Hyde, of Wichita, Kan- appeal in behalf of the most humble Christian sas, U. S. A., passed quietly into the Higher Life, enterprise. He did not give without investigation on January 10, 1935. He was a truly consistent and sound judgment, but he did give without stint Christian business man to whom Christ's in- or condition and he helped to put dozens of worthy j unction to "seek first the Kingdom of God" was causes on their feet. His advice made them stand the central motive of life. Two principles were up and walk. These benefactions he considered his daily concern – the very core of his being: his real investments. They circled the globe and are pushing the frontiers of the Kingdom into the neglected areas of mankind.

But Mr. Hyde did not end his missionary re- sponsibilities by gifts of money and counsel to distant projects. He practiced the Kingdom brotherhood in his home, his church, and his com- munity. His employees were fellowmen and women. His Negro chauffeur was his personal friend and companion. His "servants" were peo- ple-members of the household. His brotherhood did not discriminate against either race, or cast, or nationality. His guests were made members of the family. On Sundays it was the regular thing for young men to be brought home, after church, for a most informal luncheon-in the pantry, on the good solid food stored up on Saturdays in the refrigerators by the cook-who would be off duty for Sunday.

One became acquainted with Mr. Hyde in thirty minutes and could not spend that much time with him without knowing that he was a practicing Christian-vitally interested in the Kingdom of God. Yet there was nothing about his unceasing zeal that bored or alienated others; quite the con- trary. A citizen of his city declared that, although out of sympathy with the Church, he looked up to A. A. Hyde as his ideal of both manhood and religion.

THE LATE A. A. HYDE. OF WICHITA. KANSAS On his seventy-seventh birthday the City of Wichita officially celebrated with a banquet at- first, the putting first of all the Kingdom of God, tended by 1,100 people-many coming from dis- and second, regarding all he possessed-material, tant parts of the United States-with a program physical, and spiritual-as a trust from God, to be and souvenir book which took half a year in prep- administered as a steward rather than as owner. aration by a great committee of the leading citi- Andrew Carnegie's theory that it is "a disgrace zens from all walks of life. Because he sought to die rich" was Mr. Hyde's practice. He began no glory for himself; because he gave everything his business career by pledging one-tenth of his -to such extent that his own family almost was receipts to the building of the Kingdom of God, brought to the point of disrepair; because he but during the past quarter-century when his suc- practiced with unprecedented faithfulness and cess increased, he gave nine-tenths, and finally zeal the principle of Christian stewardshipeverything beyond frugal living expenses. there was not a person in his community who would grudge him the title of First Citizen of * Revised from The Omi Mustard-Seed, Japan. Wichita.

[ 338]

the Gospel to the Dyaks*

By C. DAVID CLENCH, Borneo Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance T HE rivers of Borneo are wide, and of a dirty, in the morning one cannot see any river bed at yellowish gray color. On the mud banks we all, only a great wide sheet of rushing water filling see here and there a crocodile sleeping in the the gorge completely. For this reason boats are sunshine. Hearing us, he jumps and disappears always pulled to the top of the gorge.

in the water. Then we are attracted by a sudden After a long journey we reach the Dyak coun- shaking among the trees and see a monkey spring try, in the center of Borneo, high up in the hills.

from one branch to another. Then suddenly we see a host of them-a whole crowd of monkeys chattering in the woods.

Just ahead is a bend in the river. These bends become so monotonous at times that we wish we would never see another. On both sides of the stream, is the forest as far as eye can see, but no birds and blossoms with gorgeous coloring in Borneo. This flat monotony of land influences the Dyak. If there were more variety, more contrast, more beauty, the people also might benefit by it.

The Dyak is an animist. His gods are in the trees. Rather, they are not gods but devils, for the Dyak's religion is one of fear. A bird conveys a message. The Dyak seems to be one with the nature in which he lives. He considers it a bad omen when a whirlpool swings his canoe around.

He stops, pulls out a match, and burns bark as an offering to appease the evil spirits, before he can proceed. These are taboos and customs which he dare not ignore. In short, the Dyak has a reli- gion, but it is a religion of fear.

As we proceed up the river, we find many rap- ids to push through. The current is swift, and the boatmen have to hug the banks to make any progress. Seizing the branches of the trees, they pull themselves forward with all their great strength. Some Dyaks have developed a very striking physique, wide of shoulder and deep of A TYPICAL DY.AJK OF THE MOEROET TRIBE chest, wonderful specimens of muscular perfec- tion. The Dyaks are difficult to reach. As we approach, After the rapids, the stream becomes smaller we look here and there for dwelling places or and smaller. There is probably not a river in "long-houses," which are great long greenhouses Borneo over 500 miles long, but all are very swift built on poles and make up the Dyak village. They and rise rapidly. Borneo is like a cake, high in are made of bamboo and thatch.

the middle and low at the edges, a natural water- We draw our canoes up to the bank and look for shed. When a rainstorm comes, the water rushes a log that has been thrust down the bank and sedown from these mountains into the gorges. In curely fastened. In this log steps are cut in such a single night the streams rise fifty feet. In the a way as to make a natural ladder. If the water evening one may look down a steep bank and see is high, it is not necessary to use these steps. If a tiny little stream far below. A rain comes, and the water is low, the bank is slippery, and if that • Condensed from The Alliance Weekly. stairway were not there, we would have a hard [339 ]

time climbing up the bank. We tie our canoes to say, "Sir, we should like to invite you into our this log and gingerly step out on it. If we are not long-house as a brother, a friend. In order to do careful, it will turn over, and over we shall go. this, we have a custom, a rite which we wish to We climb to the top of the bank and mayor may perform. We agree, and the chief orders some of not have a reception. his men to get a chicken and cut its neck. They then take the blood of the chicken and bring it The Dyaks may not know there is a white man before us. The old chief may dip his hand or a within a thousand miles. In that case, when we piece of wood, in the blood, and put that blood on appear, the children see us first and immediately our forehead, our hand, and our foot. They bring dash for the log that leads into the long-house. some water and the old chief takes a branch, dips In a mad scramble they rush up the steps and it in the water, and sprinkles us with it. After disappear. The Dyak dogs see us and begin to performing some other rites, he says, "Now you howl. They are small, mangy-looking dogs. As are no longer a stranger, an alien; you are just we draw near the long-house, we wonder if any- like a Dyak. We"believe in you. We trust you. body is around. We see wooden images cut from You can sleep here. You oan have fellowship with wooden logs, and set upright, a grotesque image us. Your skin may be a little whiter, but you are of a man, or a bird, or a beast. The Dyaks cannot one of us, a Dyak." live at peace unless they set up these images. Finally we reach the stairway that leads to the long- We thank him for his wonderful hospitality and house and do not know whether to enter or not. for the honor they have done us. We then begin to tell them how they may have fellowship with TWO CHRISTIAN DYAK BIBLE SCHOOL STUDENTS the great God of heaven. We tell them about the Blood of Christ which speaketh better things, and Sometimes it is very foolish to go in unless we about the water of cleansing. As we preach Jesus are invited. Eyes peer out at us through the walls, and Him crucified, as we tell how Christ's Blood the dark eyes of the children and women. Per- can be applied to them, their own custom makes haps the chief comes to the door and invites us it easier for them to oomprehend. to enter. There is usually a railing on each side of these log step-ladders. The door is low, and Some modern critics may think the Blood too we have to bend down to enter. Most of the long- deep a subject to present to the Dyak, but with houses are very gloomy, and if light is wanted, a the Spirit's help, there is no one who cannot unportion of the roof is raised. derstand. There is nothing we present to the Dyaks they so readily understand as Jesus Christ, A partition extends down the center of the God's Son, giving His life, pouring out His Blood whole length of the long-house. The families live for them. When we tell them that Blood can be on one side, which is further partitioned off. Here applied to them, that they can become God's chilthey sleep, cook, and eat. The other side is left dren, no longer aliens, no longer afar off, no longer open, and here they do all their talking. The floor strangers, but through the Blood brought nigh by is made of bamboo splints, not interlaced, but laid Jesus Christ, the truth lifts their pall of darkacross the poles or beams. Looking down one can ness and breaks their chains of false superstition. see the chickens, dogs, cats, and pigs on the ground It takes away heaviness from their hearts and below. The Dyaks keep their chickens in wicker they receive the light and respond to the love of cages. As we walk across the floor, the whole God revealed in Jesus Christ. building trembles; and if the building is old, it even shakes if a little dog runs across it. Then we begin to question them and sing little hymns in the Malay language. The chief brings a mat to the center of the hall and invites us to sit down. Then the chief may What can wash away my sins? Nothing but the blood of Jesus.

As we sing, we tell the story and as we pray, the Spirit of God works. As we lift up Jesus to the Dyaks, they, too, are made a "habitation of God through the Spirit."

One of our Dyak students became estranged from the rest of his people through his discon- tinuing the observance of Dyak superstitions and religious practices. Then he came and heard the Gospel, going back later among his people to tell them the glad news that Jesus saves. That Dyak boy and I are not aliens. We both speak the same language. Many, many times we have knelt and prayed together.

Younger Men's Missionary

By the REV. MILLS J. TAYLOR, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Associate Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, United Presbyterian Church N EARLY a thousand persons, of whom ap- "World peace and the avoidance of war are secured only proximately two-thirds were laymen, reg- by the spread of vital Christian religion as it should be istered as delegates for the four-day lived in each country and practiced in international trade sessions of this Congress in the Stevens Hotel, and intercourse. The perilous problems of our time pres- Chicago, May 2-5. They came from twenty-seven ent a new sense of the urgency which makes delay in adstates and ten or twelve foreign countries. Among vancing the Christian movement perilous." the men were 299 Protestant ministers and· one Jewish rabbi. Sixty-four women were regularly "The weakness in our present system is not the validity registered and "listened in" from the gallery. of our motives but ignorance of the facts." Twenty-six foreign missionaries took part in the program and thirty-six Foreign Mission Boards "The fundamental difficulty of the present time is the cooperated in the Congress. sense of dire need in the homeland. But the abandonment of help to churches in mission lands would destroy the The place of meeting is about the last word in internationalism of Christianity." accommodation for such a gathering-comfortable and convenient, with commodious rooms for "The Congress finds that the pulpit is the largest single group, committee and mass meetings. In spite of hope of an aroused church. There should be more and the special rates offered by the hotel, many dele- better preaching of missions." gates were under the necessity of seeking accommodations elsewhere at lower rates. "Missions committees should be established in local churches." "JESUS CHRIST AND THE WORLD TODAY" was the Congress theme. Like a shining thread it "Schools of Missions should be encouraged." ran through the program, an ever present thought "Accent needs to be laid on the missionary education of in all meetings and addresses. The song services, men. The Congress commends the plan of men's organizaskillfully conducted, and the Scripture readings tions for missions." and devotional talks, impressively led, kept the Congress in a reverent and worshipful attitude, One of the most interesting moments was when ready to hear what the Spirit might say through a pastor, the Rev. George A. Brown of Elyria, any speaker. Ohio, told the Congress of a "Men's Missionary League" that is growing in popularity and power The conference nature of the Congress had been in his congregation. thoroughly planned by arranging for twenty groups to meet simultaneously in four unhurried At one point during the Congress the executive sessions under the general supervision of Dr. committee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement Cleland B. McAfee, Secretary of the Board of invited the secretaries of the Mission Boards and Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church. others to meet for unhurried counsel about the Each group was presided over by a young lay- weakness and strength of this organization and man who, as a rule, had associated with him rt its plans and prospects for the future. This was missionary, a young pastor and a board secretary. a heart-to-heart conference when difficulties were In some instances the presence of a Christian na- frankly faced. The immediate result was that the tional from some mission field added interest and laymen were again assured of the desire of the strength. One of these groups was fortunate in secretaries to have the movement remain a layhaving Dr. C. J. Lin, President of Fukien Uni- men's affair, managed and financed by them, facversity, Foochow, China. Each group appointed a ing living issues with Jesus Christ in the world committee to prepare findings which were sent to today and with the promise that, in the future as a general committee to be studied and prepared in the past, the Mission Boards would offer counfor final approval by the Congress. sel and assist the laymen to secure effective speakers. Certain sentences stand out here and there in these findings: One result of the Congress was that the Lay- men's Missionary Movement was encouraged to seek a sounder basis financially by enrolling thou- sands of laymen for a small fee and in other ways to raise a fund to articulate its program. The Movement's executive committee has the author- ity to prepare a program and to build a suitable organization for carrying it out, but the Mission [341 ]

Boards will not be solicited nor expected to assist sia, India, Africa. The closing address by Dr. in financing the Movement. Its work is "to enlist Robert E. Speer stated graphically what the the interest of men in Christian missions and to Christian missionary enterprise has been and still encourage them to discharge that responsibility is, and challenged the coming generation, into through the missionary boards with which their whose hands "the torch" is being placed, to accept church membership identifies them." the challenge and hold up the Cross of Christ.

As to the program of the Congress, one hesi- Appropriate responses to this challenge were tates to mention particular addresses among the made by an American Student Volunteer and a many that were informing and inspiring. Plans young Christian national from India, among are under way to publish some of them in this whose closing words, and almost the last words magazine. Having been present throughout the of the Congress, were these, ". . . men and National Men's Missionary Congress, held in Chi- women will catch the torch from those splendid cago in 1910, I can say that in missionary pas- Christian personalities who have so remarkably sion, world vision, loyalty to Jesus Christ, scholar- demonstrated the power of Jesus Christ. The ship and experience the messages at Chicago this youth of India are very much impressed by this year lacked nothing that was heard in the Con- devotion and intend to carryon. It is with this gress twenty-five years ago. There was lacking thought that the meaning of Christ becomes persomething of the size and therefore impact upon sonal to me. As one of those who have been loved, the church which the former National Congress led and lifted by the Spirit of Christ and who gained by being the climax to a series of great have given themselves to the great program of state conventions. reconstruction in India, I feel that it is my privi- lege and obligation to walk the Indian road with The opening address was delivered by Dr. Sher- Christ and my fellow workers. I am convinced wood Eddy. Other speakers were Bishop George that the power of Jesus will make us able to bear Craig Stewart, John A. Mackay, Roy A. Burkhart, the responsibilities we must face. In India, as J. Warren Hastings, Ralph C. Hutchison, Fred- everywhere on this bewildered planet, it is Christ erick A. Agar, missionaries from at home and or chaos." a;broad, nationals from China, Japan, Korea, Per- Findings of the Younger Men's Missionary Congress Based on the Reports of the Group Conferences, Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, Chairman Motives for the Missionary Enterprise which disrupts the human family is the restored family of God with right relations among all its T HE Congress sees no weakening of the five members, God seen as its Father and all men as fundamental motives which have become his- brethren in Christ. toric : the commission of Christ; the need of the world for all that Christ brings; the nature (c) Both the historic motives and those peof the Christian faith in its universal truth and its culiar to our time involve a new sense of urgency value for all men; the need of the home church which makes delay in advancing the Christian to fulfil its life in the widest expression of its movement perilous and unchristian. The fullness spirit; and the work already done and now in of life which Christ brings is needed at once. progress in all lands. (d) The weakness in the present situation is (a) These motives must be supplemented for not so much refusal of the validity of these moour own day by the need for Christ as the only tives in the hearts of Christian believers as gensolution to all world problems. World peace and eral ignorance of the facts and needs of missions. the avoidance of war are secured only by the The need is not for more motives but for more spread of a vital religion lived in daily life and in understanding of the world and the power of international relations. International Christian- Christ in caring for its needs. Weare more or ity is an essential part of the program of the less "side-stepping" the real issue when we dis- Church. The impulse to supply an adequate re- cuss motives, whereas the real problem is to get ligion to all people is a natural Christian response the facts of missions known to the people of the to the inner urge of faith in Christ. Church. – (b) These historic motives need constant re- Objections to Mission Work interpretation, always adjusted to the conditions of the world and yet always held in right relation The Congress learns of few new objections to to Christ as the moving force of the Christian missions at home or abroad. They continue to be faith. The only cure for the sin of the world such objections as recurring nationalism, pro- vincialism, sectarianism, and common selfishness.

FINDINGS OF THE YOUNGER MEN'S MISSIONARY CONGRESS

In some quarters there are fears regarding exist- only temporarily to foreign agencies and to pass ing missionary operations either on the field or in the home lands, but these are not against the work in direction and control as rapidly as possible into of missions as a whole. hands of the people of the lands where the work The fundamental difficulty of the present time is the sense of dire need in the home lands, is done. The Congress would express its hearty whether it would not be well to direct attention to the cure of evils which make America so often an fellowship with the brethren of these churches as argument against the principles of Christ, as in race prejudice, exploitation of the weak, selfish full partners with the sending churches in the one attitudes toward other groups in the same nation, etc. The laymen of America can make a great cause of Christ. . contribution to world missions by laboring with greater zeal for a really Christian social order Missions in the Home Churches here. At the same time there seems to the Congress no effective way of distinguishing between The Congress finds that the pulpit is the largest the local ministry of the Gospel of Christ and its single hope of an aroused Church. There should world-wide service. The argument for· world- be more and better missionary preaching throughwide work increases rather than lessens the de- out the Church. However, the pastor is powerless mand for more effective service in the home lands. unless he has at least a nucleus of laymen who The need of the world is not less because the need will take the work seriously and devote to it the of the West presses so heavily on the churches of time required for the spread of effective inforthe West. mation. The training of the Church needs to be- gin with its youth and the Congress renews the The growing strength of the churches in mis- appeal for larger and more effective use of mission lands should not prevent continued concern sions in the Sunday schools and Young People's for their development. They are still far from Societies of the churches. A special missions comadequate to carry the whole burden of evangel- mittee in the local church is urged, formed from izing their own lands while strong Western various groups in the church which will advance churches are able to aid them. Abandonment of the interest of missions in all bodies of the church them at this stage would tend to destroy the inter- life. Accent needs now to be laid on the education nationalism of the Christian Church which is so of men regarding missionary work, for the deepmuch to be desired. ening of their sense of obligation. It is urged that there be a large development of the specific object The Congress realizes the effort so widely made plan of support of missionaries and the Boards to interpret the faith of Christ in undenomina- are reminded that the Church looks to them for tional terms in its presentation to new groups but the statesmanship need for the hour. Local official it feels that one of the weaknesses of the present boards are not agencies for the local work alone situation is the tendency to reproduce on mission but are responsible for making the Church what fields the distinctions and denominations which a Christian Church ought to be as a world factor. obtain in the West. Without passing on the wis- There is needed a clearer assurance of the coopdom of this in certain ways and at certain points eration of forces on the field as an inspiration to the Congress still feels that it should be given churches at home, so that their own programs can greatest consideration by those who are respon- be unified. For this reason the development of sible for future plans. group gatherings for the propagation of the mis~ sionary idea is much desired. Changes to Meet the Present Situation The attention of the home church should be di- The Congress makes few suggestions regarding rected to the enormous areas yet untouched by definite changes that may be possible or desirable. Christian missions as an encouragement to more It simply urges that every effort be made to keep active participation in the work. The existence the work fully sensitive to the current situations of men's organizations for missions is gladly in the world. This will involve a frank recogni- recognized and the Congress commends the plan tion of values now known to exist in present reli- to thoughtful consideration. Schools of Missions gions and cultures, appreciation on the part of should be encouraged. Missionary education missionaries, together with most careful prep- should be made a regular feature of every church aration and selection of missionaries. It involves program and sustained by the men as well as by recognition of needs newly sensed in all lands, the women and young people. The Congress such as that among rural populations and the earnestly desires the unifying of interdenominaelimination Of leprosy. It involves also the treat- tional missions in local churches. It calls for a ment of the work as one enterprise committed more effective offering of Jesus Christ to the young people in terms which show His right to their loyalty and devotion and His winsomeness for their lives. It desires the extension of the present growing movement for week-day religious

instruction during public school hours so that the ship with them in the work which we feel they young people may be informed and instructed in are doing not alone for Christ and for those who missions and in the total Christian program. know him but little, but for us as well. We look upon them as our representatives in a work which The Congress instructs the Executive Commit- is committed to us as well as to them. We have tee of the Laymen's Missionary Movement to issue confidence in them and bid them Godspeed in the and send to the missionaries in foreign lands and work which is both ours and theirs. in America its assurance of affectionate fellow- What Jesus Can Mean to India An Address Delivered at the Younger Men's Missionary Congress, Chicago By KONIGAPOGU JOSEPH DEVADANAM, H yderabad, Deccan O NE of my first memorable experiences after vast improvements in the very conditions we have coming to America taught me something been describing. I have seen these people with- significant about missions. I was walking out any thought of personal reward or advancetoward the university campus one morning when ment bring security to the economically disenfrana small boy ran up to me, looked at my dark com- chised, bring enlightenment to thousands who plexion with a thunderstruck expression, and were groping in the darkness of ignorance, give shouted, "Do you know what my mother told me?" adequate prevention and cure for the diseases which ravaged the cities and villages, give val- "What did she tell you?" I answered. uable help in understanding the faiths and tradi- "She told me not to drink black coffee!" Once tions of others in the light of a Christian view of again he looked at me as if he had made an im- life, and bring courage, hope and high resolve to portant discovery. "I'll bet you drank some!" the lives of many people. I have also seen Chris- Ever since that warning I have been using a tian ethics penetrating into the national life, as great deal of cream in my coffee, with no results illustrated by Gandhi's program of nonviolence. whatsoever! But that small boy set me to think- But most significant of all, I have seen a revoluing. I wonder whether most of us are any less tionary change not only in the attitude toward naIve in our thinking about international ques- castes but in the Hindu system itself. For intions than was that small boy in his knowledge of stance, no sooner is an individual baptized into other races. But I am more particularly inter- the Christian faith, whether he be of a high or ested just now in whether we Christians, either in low caste, than he becomes casteless. This innothe Orient or in the Occident, really understand vation reached such startling proportions that it what Jesus Christ means to our human brothers gave impetus to corollary movements such as the on the other side of the globe. Brahmo Samaj and the Arya Samaj, branches of You may understand more fully than I the Hinduism which are built upon the social teachphilosophical and psychological differences in the ings of Jesus. religious and racial traditions of mankind; but I may at least present the viewpoint of a Chris- Furthermore, this Christian principle of detian from India as to what the religion of Christ mocracy has become so significant in the life of can mean to the bewildered India of today. India that it has far outreached the expectations India is bewildered because of its poverty, its of the relatively few adherents of the Christian illiteracy, its disease problem, its religious con- Church, as in work in behalf of the untouchables fusion, its nationalistic aspirations, and above all, which has shaken the foundations of Indian because of its pernicious caste system and the in- society and resulted in a nation-wide movement. humane effects of that system. Even though I paint a dark picture it is not nearly so dark as it Observing the changes which Christianity has was before Christ started to walk the Indian Road. brought, I understand the meaning of Christ in In my own lifetime I have seen people, both na- a still more personal and intimate way. I have tionals and missionaries, who personified Christ seen Him in my missionary mother, Miss Alice A. in their own lives, and who thereby brought about Evans. I have seen Him as a loving Christ as she walked through the compound of the school and

WHAT JESUS CAN MEAN TO INDIA

spoke to the little ones kindly as they played in by the spirit of the Christ may eventually feed the sand, dirty of hand and face. Moved with the one hundred million people of India who go compassion she took them in her arms and kissed to bed every night having eaten only one meal that the little ones as a mother would do it. Every day. It may save twenty millions who would have morning and evening as we sat on the floor she perished in twenty years by bubonic plague, fifsat with us and told us the beautiful stories from teen million who would have died of malaria, and the New Testament and taught us the Ten Com- the eighteen million who would have died of inmandments and the Lord's Prayer. She always fluenza in one year. The world picture of the concluded this prayer with, "God is our Father, missionary enterprise indicates that there are Jesus Christ is our elder brother and we are 25,000 missionaries shepherding over 8,000,000 brothers and sisters in Him." converts of the Protestant churches; 4,000,000 people are given medical aid, and 2,000,000 boys At that time I did not understand what she and girls are given educational opportunities in meant but now I see the significance of that prayer mission boarding schools. for this socially distorted and internationally bickering world. The reconstruction so urgently needed in India can be brought about only by men and women who Once I was desperately ill and unconscious for seven days. When I came to myself I found that will catch the torch from those splendid Christian I was in a mission hospital being attended by a personalities who have so remarkably demonmissionary nurse. A missionary doctor diagnosed strated the power of Jesus Christ. my case, prescribed medicine and knelt at my bedside in prayer. I began asking myself, "What The youth of India are much impressed by this makes these people so kind?" I came to believe devotion and we intend to carryon the work that then, and now I believe more than ever that it has been started. It is with this thought that the was Christlike love which motivated their service meaning of Christ becomes very personal to me. and sacrifice. Speaking as one of those who have been loved, led and lifted by Christ and who have dedicated them- My experience can be duplicated by thousands selves to the great future program of Christian who have felt the tangible results of Christian reconstruction in India, I feel that it is my privifaith and life as they have become real and active lege and obligation to walk the Indian Road with in the humble lives of men and women all around Christ and my fellow workers. I am convinced the world. Jesus said, "Inasmuch as you have fed that the power of Christ will make us able to bear the hungry, clothed the naked, visited those who the responsibilities we must face. In India, as are socially ostracized, and have healed the sick well as everywhere on this bewildered planet, it you have done it unto Me." Village reconstruc- is Christ or Chaos. tion and the social uplifting program inaugurated By Gourtesy 0/ UMissions/' Amer'l-can liltpt'tst jf'ore't-!Jn M-illsion Society A BAPTISM,AL SERVICE IN BURMA The baptismal service at Inyekyun, Burma, after a great ingathering among the Pwo Karen tribes. Under the canopy in the center 353 were baptized on February 5, 1933. Last year (1934) 284 more were baptized acrO'ss the river, and during a tour of 24 villages 616 others were baptized.

Rev. C. L. Conrad, of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, reports: "Pentecostal history was again wr'itten among our Karens."

Twenty,-five Years of Missionary Progress*

-·. g.{11 By DR. J. H. OLDHAM, London, England 11.- I N THE summer of 1910 the World Missionary steadily increasing income. The events of the Conference met in Edinburgh. It was the post-war years have made clear the fact that a most representative missionary gathering ever return to the conditions prevailing before the war held up to that time. It was also a landmark in cannot be expected, and the great majority of the the history of Christian missions and indeed of missionary societies are having to plan their work the Christian Church as a whole, inasmuch as it afresh on the basis of a considerably reduced in- was not content to pass resolutions in regard to come.

what was desirable in the field of missionary ac- Notwithstanding the interruptions and difficul- tivity, but set up a permanent organization, with ties of the war and the post-war years the work a secretariat, to take practical action. of Christian missions has gone steadily forward, Thus it anticipated, in the sphere of inter- and there have been abundant grounds for encour- national missionary cooperation between the agement in the growth of the indigenous churches, churches, the similar action in the political field in the increase of missionary cooperation, in a taken later by the creation of the League of Na- deepening sense of fellowship, and a clearer light tions. The Edinburgh Conference gave an im- regarding missionary policy.

mense impulse to missionary cooperation every- A comparison of the figures in the World Mis- where, and there are today, in addition to the In- sionary Atlas published in 1925 with those gath- ternational Missionary Council, in the various mis- ered in 1907 indicates that in this period the num- sion fields and in the home countries from which ber of missionaries (not including wives) had in- missionaries are sent out, thirty-six national creased from over 12,000 to over 20,000, while the Christian councils or representative mISSIOnary number of communicants and of the total Chris- organizations, served by a staff of more than tian community had doubled, the former increas- thirty whole-time officers. ing from 1,800,000 to 3,600,000, and the latter The Edinburgh Missionary Conference ad- from over 4,000,000 to over 8,000,000.

dressed to the Christian Church throughout the The most conspicuous advances during the past world a message in which it referred to the mo- twenty-five years have been in South America and mentous character of the present hour, affirmed in Africa. In the latter continent the revolution- that the next ten years would in all probability ary changes in transport facUities have opened the constitute a turning point in human history, and whole continent to missionary work, while they urged that the missionary task demanded from have also brought new problems for the mission- every Christian a change in the existing scale of ary by opening the way to trade and industrial- missionary zeal and service. ism, and the resulting compliications, so that the Four years later the world was involved in the primitive African who had never seen even a World War. Missionary work was everywhere wheeled vehicle has been confronted by the aero- subject to restrictions and arrest, and the work plane, and men from the bush have been brought of the German missions in the territories of the to work in copper mines and to handle elaborate allied and associated powers, and in those which machinery. The central parts of Africa have been passed under mandate, was brought to a complete increasingly penetrated by missionary work, standstill. The provision made at the Edinburgh partly through the expansion of older societies, Conference for international cooperation made it and partly through the entry of new missions.

possible for the missions of other nationalities to The most important development has been the come to the aid of the Christian communities de- growth in numbers, in self-consciousness, and prived of their European teachers, and to mitigate in responsibility of the indigenous Christian the extent of the disaster, until in 1925 the doors churches. There has been an encouraging de- were opened for the return of German mission- velopment of native leadership, and the central aries to their old field$. task which awaits the missionary societies of the Up to the time of the War the missionary so- West today is how they may best use their limited cieties in all countries had been planning their resources to help provide the younger churches in work for the most part on the assumption that the the mission field with spiritual leaders for the needs of an expanding work would be met by a work of evangelization and for an effective Chris- • Condensed from The Life Of Faith, London. tian witness in their own lands.

[346 ]

the Mosquito

By KENNETH G. GRUBB, London, England World Dominion Movement T HOSE who glance at the map of Central teenth century to establish some kind of footing America might think it was an easy matter there. This they did by recognizing a kind of king to get from one coast to another at almost of the Miskito or Mosquito Indians as the paraevery point. In several of the republics such a mount governor of the region, and advising him journey can be made without any grave difficulty. through their consul. Nicaraguan Government But this is not the case in Nicaragua for there are was not effectively established on the coast and it really two Nicaraguas. There is the Nicaragua of was not difficult to maintain the system. Ultithe lake, the volcanoes and the chief cities with mately, however, it came into conflict both with the capital; and there is the Nicaragua of the justifiable national aspirations, and with the Mon- Atlantic coast known as the Mosquito Coast. Be- roe Doctrine, and was abandoned. There is no tween them lies a wild region of dense forest. In doubt that the British claim to the region was these days easy communication untenable, but their protection has been established between was appreciated by the Indians.

the two sides of the country by The author of this article Indeed, the Mosquitos h a v e aeroplane. But it was not al- has recently returned from an claimed that the last words of ways so. Few venture to make extensive tour of Central Queen Victoria were: "Edtheir way straight across the America. He was formerly a ward, never forget my Mosinterior by land and the usual missionary in South America quito Indians." way of communication has been and is unusually well into cross the great lake of Nic- formed on mission'ary prob- The Mosquito coast is for the iledmeasls. anHde iNs enwow Taesssotacmiaetendt most part low-lying, and covaragua (said to be the largest with the World Dominion between the Great Lakes and Movement of London. His ered by forests and savannas, Titicaca), pass by the smoking description of the lit tIe while a series of lagoons and island volcano of Omerepe to known people of the Mos- swamps fringe the immediate the old fort at San Carlos, and seaboard. The climate is damp; enter the San Juan River. This quito Coast of Nicaragua is some years ago a rainfall of river flows into the Caribbean 292 inches was recorded in timely and informing. Greytown. It is not really as Sea at Greytown, a decadent unhealthy as might be supposed and dangerous little port long since the heat is tempered by since closed to foreign shipping, and from Grey- regular and sometimes strong winds from the sea. town launches ply up the coast to Bluefields, the Pines are an interesting feature of the vegetation. capital. The journey occupies eight days. The The last serious hurricane was in 1919; there aeroplane takes less than four hours. was a serious flood in 1929. The epidemics of whooping cough in 1923, and of smallpox in 1931, The Mosquito Coast and the San Juan River both took a toll of the people. were once beloved of pirates. No ambitious and forward-looking pirate felt himself properly es- The population of the coast is estimated at about tablished in his profession unless he had made a 35,000 of whom some 20,000 are Miskito Indians. raid on the coast. Through the San Juan River These Indians live north of Bluefields and are it was possible to attack Granada at the northern found well into the eastern corner of Honduras. end of the lake, and Granada once was the center Other tribes are the Sumus in the interior, supof the Spanish power in the region. The strategic posed to number about 5,000 and a small number position of the river is easy to gauge from the fact of Ramas to the south of Bluefields. In Honduras that it is on the possibilities of this valley that the the Payas are still surviving. As lowland Indians discussions for a Nicaraguan inter-oceanic canal are classed, the Miskitos are a vigorous people and turn. Nelson himself made an unsuccessful raid are increasing in number. They are to some exon the Spanish defences of the river. tent mixed with the other elements of the popula- tion, West Indians and Nicaraguans. The position of the Mosquito Coast made it seem desirable to the British as far back as the seven- The Moravian Mission on the Mosquito CoaR1 [347 ]

was begun in 1849, and is therefore the oldest A statistical review of the mission shows an in- organized work in Central America. In 1914 war crease in total membership between 1915 and 1930 conditions compelled the transfer of the work to from 6,519 to 13,082. Communicants have grown, the Society for Propagating the Gospel, of Bethle- in the same period, from 1,743 to 3,721, day school hem, Pa. The missionaries are German, English pupils from 651 to 1,218, evangelists from 3 to 22.

and North American in nationality. On the field The financial depression, as elsewhere in the the work is under the guidance of Bishop Guido world, has compelled some limitation of activities, Grossmann who has been 34 years in the Mos- and the unsettled condition of the country required quitia. Recently in 1930 a new advance was made the temporary abandonment of a field in the in- into Honduras and the first station among the terior. On the other hand, although the Indians Miskitos of that republic was founded. A sad in- have built their own chapels, no church has yet cident in 1931 was the murder of the Rev. Karl attained self-support; the poverty on the coast is A. Bregenzer. He was killed on an interior sta- very considerable. Medical work has been opened tion by men under the leadership of Sandino, the quite recently on the Wanks River with a fully guerilla general of Nicaragua, who has himself qualified missionary; many of the missionaries since been assassinated. Mrs. Bregenzer and her have sufficient medical training to handle the com- two children were led to safety by local Sumu mon ailments of the people.

Indians. It is a remarkable work built up across the As a result of the nature of the population and years by a series of builders each of whom has the labors of the Moravian Brethren the coast to- added a stone to the temple. It has been marked day has been Christianized. The maj ority of the more by the energy of moral suasion exhibited in people are either Protestant Christians or indif- the lives of the missionaries rather than by any ferent. Roman Catholicism has as yet taken no vastness of organization or extensive institutional firm root, and the customary characteristics of investment. The example of solid and devotional Catholic civilization are wanting. The Catholic piety has been given to the Indians, and the treas- Church is fully aware of this situation and has ures of the Gospel have been placed within the taken steps to alter it. The Capuchins have reach of the poor and the uneducated. The beauty opened a convent and established schools where of holiness speaks more eloquently than the the teaching is excellent. Bluefields became a tongues of men and of angels, and, as a result, of Bishopric in 1915 and a campaign was started to many hundreds of Miskitos it can be said that the work towards "One creed and one language on the radiance of Jesus Christ has become the master- Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua." Yet toleration is, light of all their being.

on the whole, the order of the day, and there has The future holds its special tasks. Evangelizabeen no actual hostility between the various tion has yet to spread among the Miskitos of Hongroups ln the region. duras, and the five or six thousand Sumus of the interior. If the whole population of this region The usual languages on the coast are English can be claimed for the Kingdom of Christ it will and Miskito. The use of Spanish is now becom- mean a bright spot in the midst of the spiritual ing more common and it is the reasonable desire abandon of Central America. A second vital but of the government that it should be the language very difficult task is to develop in the churches the of commerce and daily relations. To the observer spirit of self-support which among a people who accustomed to evangelical work in Latin America neither possess nor use to any extent ordinary it appears unusual to meet missionaries who have worked for long years without any acquaintance of the tongue of Cervantes. In accordance with money, is no easy task. If in Nicaragua there the policy of the government the missionaries are should arise the same spirit of prejudice against now learning Castilian, and are thus demonstrat- the foreign missionary as has been exhibited in ing the disinterestedness of their aims, provided other parts of Central America it is only thus that the Gospel is brought to the people. It is simply the future can be safeguarded. As yet no real the plain fact to say that up to the present there Christian ministry has been trained upon the has been very little scope for the use of Spanish . coast but it is necessary for the property of the on the coast. Today there are one or two Baptist work that this should be taken in hand. For the congregations among the Spanish-speaking peo- rest, perhaps few would look to the Mosquito ple. This is a work that greatly need strengthen- Coast of Nicaragua, the scene of piratry and vio- ing and the missionaries, for their part, are ready lence in the past, in order to find the presence of to welcome workers who have the necessary ex- the Prince of Peace. But a faith that tells us how perience, more particularly in association with God was revealed in a cradle and on a Cross one or another of the missions already established should surely have trained us to watch for Him in Nicaragua. where we might least expect Him.

A RURAL PASTOR VISITS THE HOME OF A BANANA GROWER IN

Some Peacemakers of Cuba By the REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, American Baptist Home Mission Society A BLANKET of terrorism suddenly had set- The general election has been postponed until tIed over Cuba. A revolutionary strike on next autumn, since the principal candidates for the part of white collared government em- presidency declare the futility of any election ployees, including school-teachers and post-office while the Army is in control. Batista is virtual clerks, was in progress. The employees of one dictator, but without portfolio. Mendieta owes railroad went out on a sympathetic strike and it his continued occupancy of the president's chair was feared that bus and taxi drivers would quit. to the very efficient young man who received his Several months before the civil government under early education in a Friends' mission school at President Mendieta apparently had been on the Banes. The political secret societies are not verge of collapse, but forces counteracting the underestimating the power of Batista, who mainspread of disloyalty to the government had be- tains peace at the point of the bayonet.

come operative. The army held steady under the Cuba is the world's most important source of stern discipline of its young commander-in-chief, cane sugar. International agreements control the Colonel Fulgencio Batista, not two years before a quantity of the Cuban CrOP and the present low stenographer with the rank of sergeant. prices and oversupply of sugar in the markets The streets were ordered cl~ared after nine p. m. of tlie world have brought untold suffering to the and large groups were not allowed to gather in laborers in Cuba. Concerning Cuba's dependence cafes; trains, buses and airplanes were subjected in sugar, Jose Marti said in 1883: "A people com- to search by soldiers for arms and explosives. mits suicide the day on Which it bases its existence Teachers were given forty-eight hours to return on a single crop."

to work. Finally order was restored by the troops Cuba lies only about a hundred miles off the apparently loyal to their leader. It was said that coast of Florida and commands the only two the soldiers were receiving their pay but school- Eastern approaches to Panama. Cuba's political, teachers were complaining that they had no sup- social and industrial welfare constantly attract plies-books, pads, pencils-for their classes and the attention of American citizens. Young Amer- the government was in arrears in their salaries. icans from their history books early learn that [349 ]

the United States figured largely in the Cuban ond Baptist Church of Santiago. Many young War for Independence (1895-1898); thousands of people come to his services in Holguin where they tourists annually enjoy the delights of Cuba in meet for worship in his home. He enlists them in winter; American investment and trade in the Christian service. Slowly the church is accumu- lating a fund with which to erect a building. island have reached vast proportions. A recent visit to the Evangelical missions of Another Cuban preacher, Rev. F. Sabas, was Cuba revealed the fact that our churches through- converted under Pastor Barocio, of Santiago, just out the Island are after the Spanish-American War. His father had making genuine ef- been an ardent revolutionist and for a time lived for t s to continue in exile in Santo Domingo. Young Sabas lived their programs in with his mother in the reconcentration camp at spite of many hand- EI Caney and at the close of the war began to icaps. The prin- work for a new and better Cuba. Under the guid- ciples of denomina- ance of his religious teachers he became a worker tional and interde- in missions in Santiago supporting himself as a nominational comity druggist. Now, as pastor of the Second Baptist have been observed Church in Santiago, he is leading his people in from the earliest thrift and sacrificial giving. A substantial old days of evangelical residence was purchased in an unchurched section m iss ion s in the . of the city and, even while alterations are being made, the church holds its services beneath the island. The people wit h scaffolding. The attendance is increasing and who m Protestant we saw the primary department meeting on the missionaries w 0 r k include Cubans of both w hit e and Neg r 0 racial ori- gins. The language is Spanish. When A VETERAN CUBAN BAPTIST LAY- sugar prices we r e MAN OF BARACOA REGION, CUBA high many Haitians entered Cuba to work in the cane fields and built huts out of material furnished by the plantation owners. Pioneer missionaries were early recruited from lands where Spanish was spoken but native Cuban workers were trained in high grade mis- sion schools.

A vivid, interesting personality among the Cuban workers is Joaquin Antunez, a rebel cap- tain, who, after the Spanish-American War, estab- lished himself as a merchant in Yara. In 1903 he became the municipal judge and was serving his community in this responsible position when Rev. Teofilo Barocio, native of Mexico and pastor of the First Baptist Church of Santiago, came to Yara to assist the local pastor in special meetings.

As a result, Antunez was the first convert to be baptized in Yara, and immediately became a zealous evangelist in the country places. As he was expert with saw, hammer and plane he be- came a builder of chapels, but during the erection of a building he devoted what time he could to COLONEL F'ULGENC IO BATI STA, MILITARY DI CTATOR preaching. Then he was asked to forsake the OF CUBA carpenter's bench for the pulpit, and thus began portico because there was no room inside. Two his fruitful missionary service under The Amer-· junior classes met in the church yard. Present- ican Baptist Home Mission Society. He is now day pioneer missionaries in the remote Baracoa seventy-six years old and has helped organize district of Cuba travel on horseback as the pioneer many churches, one of which is the growing Sec- itinerant missionaries in the United States trav-

SOME PEACEMAKERS OF CUBA

eled one hundred years ago, carrying their cloth- farmer gave the Haitian employment and asked to ing, Bible, tracts and sermons in saddlebags. see the book, which turned out to be a Bible. As The only public highways to the mountain homes a result of reading this book the farmer, a Spanof the people are bridle paths worn deep by the iard, was converted. The Haitian and his white toiling pack trains. When a call goes out to the Baracoa district for a general meeting, the delegates must travel across the mountain ranges and over difficult bridle paths which are quite impassable during the rainy season. They must ford the streams and struggle through innumerable mud holes in the coves and valleys and dense jungles. But the conditions of travel and the poverty of the people do not lessen the service rendered by the devoted rural pastors.

The Missionary Spirit in Cuba PRESIDENT ROBERT RANTLEDGE, OF CRISTO COLLEGE, CUBA, The young churches of Cuba display a very commendable missionary spirit. The church at with rural pastor nearing a chapel in the mountainous Banes, when it was without a pastor, sent dele- Baracoa region gates to near-by villages to organize and conduct Sunday schools, one of which is the large mission employer began work together as evangelists and Sunday school at Negritos. This is an example recently Superintendent Robert Routledge was of the evangelistic zeal of Christians in Cuba. called to help organize a new church. The whole One layman in this church at Banes is Dr. J. Salas, community has found a new interest in religion. a veterinary surgeon, who has the oversight of the health of hundreds of horses, mules and oxen THIS IS PIONEERING on a huge sugar plantation. As there was no church in their end of the town, Dr. and Mrs. An increasing number of Bacone College stu- Salas started worship in their own, and other private homes, two in the city and two in the coun- dents, both men and women, after graduation, retry. This layman also visits a group of sixty Haitian Negroes who came from the neighboring turn to the Indian country to teach in rural govisland to work on the plantations. After a few months the group that met with Dr. and Mrs. ernment schools. Because of the poor living con- Salas outgrew the home and a hall had to be rented. Once a month Dr. Salas paid the travel- ditions of the Indian families with whom the ing expenses of a Cuban pastor, and after a number of converts were baptized these were organ- teachers make their homes and the inadequate ized into a church in March, 1934. The Cuban Home Mission Society, which was formed a few equipment of the school buildings the young Inyears ago, is taking this church under its care and a young graduate of Cristo College has been called dian teachers face discomforts that may include to the Banes church. cold and hunger and loneliness for the sake of Many children in Cuba are growing up without public school opportunities. In the country dis- their Master and their people. They went out tricts around Banes the people of the church became interested in the children of the plantation knowing the conditions they would confront. laborers and the Christian young people went out to four communities and opened schools in unused They realized that they were undertaking a task buildings. The administrator of the sugar company has been contributing the use of these build- that only Indians could accomplish-a service that ings and four dollars per month for each school. This is almost the sole income of the teachers. cannot be purchased with money. Four hundred Several months ago a Haitian Christian on a Indian children in a single county were without plantation north of Cristo was driven from the farm by the owner who accused him of being a school facilities before the going out of these Bawitch, having in his possession a black book that evidently had come from the devil. A neighboring cone graduates. And only Indians trained in a Christian school where Christian service is the keynote, will or can, undertake such a task. The Indian young people engaged in this pioneer work as teachers in neglected Indian rural communities have been highly commended by the Oklahoma Department of Education. COE HAYNE.

They "Rethought" Medical Missions*

Why the Laymen's Report on China Failed Adequately to Present the Facts By L. NELSON BELL, M.D., F.A.C.S., Tsingkiangpu, Kansu, China Southern Presbyterian General Hospital, Tsingkiangpu WHEN "Rethinking Missions" was sensa- sumably written by Drs. Houghton and Emerson) tionally released to the press and later was read, the overwhelming majority of mission- published in book form in 1932, evan- ary doctors were distressed and indignant at the gelical Christians throughout the world were unfair presentation of the subject and the warped amazed and distressed that such a book should be idea this report gave of actual work being done.

put out in the name of Christianity and in the Many of us knew that our own hospitals had not guise of a scientifically prepared, factually based yet been visited and we felt, probably subcon- report of a group who had undertaken to ascer- sciously, that our work was not involved.

tain the facts of present-day Christian missions Within three months of the time that "Rethink- and report these facts to the world. ing Missions" was published and copies arrived in Because of the denial, in this book, of the unique China, the writer of this article made an effort position of the Christian religion in that Christ to ascertain how many hospitals had actually been is the one and onlyt Saviour, the onlyt means of visited by some member of the Commission, but salvation from sin, the onlyt hope of eternal life, was unable to do so. Last fall reports came of evangelical Christians have relegated the report the forming of the Modern Missions Movement in to its proper position in the essentially anti-Chris- America as a result of the recommendations of tian literature of the day. "Rethinking Missions." I immediately wrote to Recently the Modern Missions Movement has Drs. Houghton and Emerson and asked them how been started to promote work that is i.n line with many mission hospitals they had actually visited the recommendations of "Rethinking Missions." in China. Dr. Houghton did not reply, probably Recent findings prove that in reporting on med- due to his moving from Iowa back to Peiping ical missions, "Rethinking Missions" was not about that time, although his former secretary scientifically prepared, nor was it factually based. wrote me that she had forwarded my letter to him.

We can prove this statement beyond the perad- Dr. Emerson replied as follows: venture of a doubt. DEAR DR. BELL: On the Laymen's Commission were two doctors In reply to your letter of October 30, I regret that I of medicine: Dr. Henry S. Houghton, at that time have not at hand a list of all the hospitals which our com- dean of the Medical College of the University of mission visited. Nevertheless, either Dr. Lennox, Dr. Houghton or myself visited every American supported hos- Iowa – formerly director of the Peiping Union pital in China, as well as those supported by other missions Medical College, and at the present time again in England and many of the private and national hospitals. connected with that institution; and Dr. Charles Phillips Emerson, professor of Medicine and dean Yours very truly, of the Medical School of the University of Indiana. CHARLES P. EMERSON.

A Fact Finders' group preceded the Commission Upon receipt of this letter I sent a questionto the field and was entrusted with the securing naire to all mission hospitals in China, asking of the data for its use. In this group of Fact whether they had been visited by any of the three Finders was Dr. William G. Lennox, a capable and doctors mentioned. A total of 220 letters were experienced physician and statistician, who under- sent out. To date, a total of 173 hospitals have took to ascertain the facts regarding medical mis- been heard from with the following answers: Visited by one -or more of the three doctors, 34; . sion work in China. When "Rethinking Missions" was published and not visited, 138; declined to state, 1. An analysis the chapter on "Medical Work of Missions" (pre- of the 47 hospitals not heard from shows that, due to their geographical relationship, it can be de- • Slightly condensed from The Presbyterian, May 23, 1935. duced that forty-one certainly were not visited.

t John 14: 6; John 3: 36; Mark 16: 16; Acts 4: 12; 1 Tim. As a result of the above, it is possible to definitely 2: 5.

[352 ] state that a maximum of forty of the 220 hos- ing Shanghai), but after reading their report, as pitals were visited, while 180 were not visited. found in "Rethinking Missions," and then read- ing Dr. Lennox's findings in the Fact Finders re- A further analysis shows that the hospitals port on China (Volume V, Supplementary Series, visited were along the China coast from Canton Part II), based on some thirty visits to mission to Shanghai, a few up the Yangtze as far as Han- hospitals, 120 replies to an extensive questionkow, and a few on the railway from Nanking to naire sent out to 235 mission hospitals, and the Peiping. Scores of outstanding mission hospitals "Prayer Cycle" of the China Medical Association, which were accessible were passed by. which contained statistics for practically every mission hospital in China, one is forced to the While Dr. Emerson thought all of the hospitals conclusion that Drs. Houghton and Emerson prachad been visited, the fact remains that out of the tically ignored the findings of their own repre- 220 hospitals, 180 were not visited. This startling sentative in that group. fact does not add to the confidence one might have in the report of Medical Missions found in "Re- To make the above point clear, let us compare thinking Missions." some of the statements of the two books.

But, the questionnaire sent out has revealed On page 202 of "Rethinking Missions," Drs. another point. Neither Dr. Houghton nor Dr. Houghton and Emerson report: "The story of a Emerson visited all of those forty hospitals. A typical American mission hospital will illustrate number state that Dr. Lennox alone visited them. how quality in medical work is easily lost," and It should be noted that the visits paid by Dr. then they describe the "typical" mission hospital Lennox were generally considered thorough and and doctor as follows: "During the busy seasons, satisfactory by the heads of the hospitals con- aided by his assistant, head nurse, and even his cerned. Such was not always the case where evangelist, he may prescribe for five hundred, or either Dr. Houghton or Dr. Emerson was the even a thousand outpatients in one morning." visitor. Here are quotations from replies: On the other hand, on page 455 in the above- "A mighty superficial visit." mentioned volume, Dr. Lennox gives the average "Dr. – – – called at our hospital for five minutes only, number of out-patients treated daily, per doctor, to call on me personally. . . . He saw my office only." in mission hospitals, at fourteen. This figure is "I may say that while enjoying the visit socially, it arrived at from carefully compiled statistics from seems to me that in spite of all my efforts to state my practically every mission hospital in China. The opinions to Dr. – – , he spent most of the time trying to two statements should be noted, for one finds a make me say things which he had decided I should say." difference between "14" and "500 to 1,000." "Dr. – – – was with us between trains on the same day." The "typical" hospital mentioned by Drs. "They were in this city and asked business firms about Houghton and Emerson does not exist in China, our hospital, but did not visit us." and the exaggerations in that account are too ob- "Dr. – – – was here one Sunday morning, and said, 'I vious to be taken up, were it not for the fact that have only half an hour between trains.''' they have been given such wide publicity. "We were disappointed they did not come, Dr. – – was quoted as saying he knew our situation." But to compare again. On page 203 of "Re- thinking Missions," speaking of the same "typical" General comments by doctors replying to the hospital, this assertion is made: "Correct diagquestionnaire are too numerous and voluminous noses are not attempted; important early disto quote, but the following are given as samples: eases – cancer, tuberculosis, and the like – are overlooked." "I hope you will expose the flagrant, unscientific jumping at conclusions of that Commission." In Dr. Lennox's report, on page 470, we find that the overwhelming majority of all mission "I also was filled with a bit of righteous indignation at hospitals are equipped for routine, laboratory and the prolific employment of exaggerated generalizations." other examinations for patients, and on page 471, regarding the use of this equipment, he says: "In "Many times have I wished someone would challenge comparison with hospitals in America, the pro- portion (in respect to urine examinations) of spethose – – ; to name any single hospital where one man cial examinations, especially serum test for has ever seen 500 patients in a day, to say nothing of see- syphilis, is undoubtedly high." ing that number every day. Once in my lifetime I have seen 120, but never again for their sakes as well as mine. Again, on page 201 of "Rethinking Missions," But 500 every day!!!" it is stated: "The days of the pioneer are past and the professional work of the modern mission med- "The Findings are hardly in the spirit of Christ or His ical centers is too often inferior to the near-by Commission, nor in keeping with the friends in the home- government and other non-missionary hospitals." land who give their money for Christian medical work or medical mission work." Over against this we find on page 476 of Dr.

There might be a possible shadow of an excuse if Drs. Houghton and Emerson had had only their superficial visit to rely on (according to the Foreword of "Rethinking Missions," the Commission spent two weeks for all of mid-China, including the great Yangtze basin, their headquarters be-

Lennox's report, under the head of "Governmental phases of mission work in that Province. On Hospitals": "Such hospitals are under military, page 605 of the same volume already quoted, in the central or provisional government or the mu- speaking of medical work in Szechuen, this laynicipality. One military hospital was visited, that man begins his first paragraph with this sentence: at Nanchang, Kiangsi Province. This contained "It is the impression of the writer that the aver- 1,000 sick and wounded soldiers lying on closely age of skill and knowledge among missionary docpacked board beds in unheated Chinese buildings, tors is distinctly higher than the average in attended by a medical staff of the dresser type, America." and without visible charts, nurses, operating room, X-ray or laboratory. There are a few gov- Drs. Houghton and Emerson are not content ernment hospitals and dispensaries for civilians. with their critical attitude 'to the clinical work in The Central Hospital in Nanking is in every re- mission hospitals; they also strike at the essential spect up to date and modern. The annual cost of missionary purpose of these hospitals. Inferior maintenance is $1,430 (Mex.) per bed. The aver- clinical methods and slovenly diagnosis and treatage cost in mission hospitals, including foreign ment of cases cannot be too severely condemned, salaries, but not including the interest on invest- either in America or China, but the aggressive ment, is $401 (Mex.) per bed. The two National presentation of the Gospel message in mission University hospitals visited were also first class. hospitals, whether by indirect impressions through These three about exhaust the list of good gov- the Christian character of the staff, personal work ernment hospitals." with the patients, or preaching in the wards and chapels, is not incompatible with first-class scien- "Provincial and municipal hospitals, of which tific medicine and surgery. In fact, it is a trenine were visited, were invariably primitive af- mendous asset. fairs, far below the standard of missionary hospitals in the same localities." On page 199 of "Rethinking Missions," we find these words: "The use of medical skill for ulterior Referring to private hospitals, Dr. Lennox says ends has been rightly challenged, in our judgment, (page 477): "We visited a dozen or more. They by social and religious leaders in India and can be called hospitals only by courtesy." China." On page 200 we read: "By many mis- sionaries the use of medical service as an evan- "Rethinking Missions" says mission hospitals gelizing device is earnestly defended. . . . On the are "too often" inferior to near-by government other hand, enlightened non-Christians frequently and other hospitals. Dr. Lennox says there are express their scorn of institutions which proselythree good government hospitals in China that tize the sick and helpless, who are least able to provincial and municipal hospitals are "invar- resist." On page 201 we read further: "But the iably primitive affairs far below the standard of use of medical or other professional service as a missionary hospitals in the same localities," and direct means of making converts, or public servthat private hospitals can be "called hospitals only ices in wards and dispensaries from which by courtesy." The above is interesting. patients cannot escape, is subtly coercive and improper." The picture of the average missionary doctor in "Rethinking Missions" is not very attractive. On Obviously, Drs. Houghton and Emerson have page 201 it is stated: "The impression gained forgotten that the Gospel means "Good News." from our study of the clinical work of American There can be no possible excuse for undue presmissions [i. e., the professional work of the doc- sure, or tactlessness in preaching to patients, but tors] in the Orient was in general one of disap- most of us are not concerned with the opinions of pointment." non-Christians in this matter, nor do we consider it "subtly coercive" or "improper" to use our Over against this we find Dr. Lennox writing hospitals as direct evangelistic agencies. We have as follows on the same subject, page 500: "On the precedent and example of the Saviour Himthe average, the missionary institutions excelled self, while most of the money contributed for medin the quality of professional service, in medical ical missions has come from those who expect the equipment and its use, in the nursing care of the message of spiritual healing to go hand in hand patients, in the housekeeping of the hospital, and with physical healing. Failure in this would be in the human interest in the patients and in sta- a denial of Him and a betrayal of those who supbility of the work." On page 493 of the same re- port us. One regrets, too, the statement regardport, we find: "There is no major surgery being ing the "typical" mission hospital on page 203, done outside of mission and a few other hospitals." where, speaking of the outpatients, it is said: "Too many . . . leave with a good Bible text and In the above connection, it is permissible to the wrong medicine." quote from another member of the Fact Finders' group, a layman, who went to Szechuen Province Compared to the above, we have Dr. Lennox's for the Commission and reported on various

HOW THEY "RETHOUGHT" MEDICAL M,ISSIONS

fair statement of the question on page 472 of his making statements which are directly contrary to report: those made by their Fact Finders.

Medical missionaries enlist with the understanding that In the defense of the parts of the report quoted, they are both to preach the Gospel and to heal the sick. as found in "Rethinking Missions," some may say They expect to win converts to the Christian religion from that as the Inquiry also visited India, this report among patients, nurses and doctors in the hospital, and is for India and China combined. This is true, from students in the medical schools. The patients who but it is utterly unscientific to have done so. Supthrong missionary hospitals number more than a million pose a doctor examined two patients, one with a year, more than twice al!! many as the Protestant Church membership of China. They are receiving a service of pulmonary tuberculosis, the other suffering with recognized value, and they easily recognize the manner acute appendicitis, and then after the examinain which such service is given. The attitude of most mis- tion he renders a composite report and diagnosis sionaries is that of the father of modern surgery, Ambrose on the two cases? Even a missionary doctor in Pare: "I dress the wound, God heals it," or again, "Pity China would not be guilty of this. For the laymen as an emotion passes, pity as a motive remains." in America to have had a clear picture of the sit- uations in the two countries, the reports should Most doctors believe that in their medical service they have been entirely separate. are fulfilling an essential portion of their mission. Of all doctors who answered the question, "In your work as a If a large business corporation had sent out cermedical missionary, which do you regard as the most important, the proper medical care of the patient or efforts towards his evangelization?" the largest number, 67 per tain representatives to secure facts on which to cent, replied that both were equally important and could not be separated. project its future work, and these representatives had made their report as the medical report in The missionary doctors of China had a right to "Rethinking Missions" was made, some of the expect from the doctors on the Laymen's Inquiry officials of that corporation would certainly ask the same quality of scientific purpose and method some very searching questions of their own. The in this Inquiry which was demanded of them in most charitable thing one can say about this med- their medical missionary work. Failure to use ical report is that it is a biased statement, the re- scientific methods, hasty and wrong diagnoses, sult of certain preconceptions and prejudices, plus faulty treatments of patients, all of these and a failure to make use of the facts which were in other things are placed to the discredit of mission hand. In other words, the statement made in the doctors in "Rethinging Missions." And yet we beginning of this article is true – the report on find those who demand such high standards guilty medical missions in "Rethinking Missions" was of making a generalized report on 220 mission not scientifically prepared.

hospitals when they had visited not more than If laymen of America foster and support the forty of these hospitals. In fact, a number of Modern Missions Movement with the aim of carry- these forty visits were made by a third person. ing out the recommendations of "Rethinking Mis- We find also. that one of the two doctors on the sions," they have the right to do so. At the same Inquiry thought all had been visited, only being time there are many hospitals in China which hope eighty-one per cent wrong in this belief. In the to continue doing the very best scientific work pos- third place, we find them ignoring the findings of sible with limited budgets, equipment and staffs, their own representative on the Fact Finders' but at the same time purpose to continue to preach Commission. In the fourth place, we find them and live Jesus Christ as the only Saviour.

"THIRTEEN GREAT MISTAKES"

To set your own standards of right and wrong, and expect others to conform to them. To measure the enjoyment of other people by your own. To expect uniformity of opinion in this world. To look for sound judgment and experience in youth. To endeavor to mold all dispositions after the same pattern. To be unwilling to yield in unimportant matters. To be discouraged because you do not attain perfection. To worry over mistakes and failures that cannot be remedied. To make no earnest effort to alleviate conditions that need alleviation. Failure to make allowances for the weakness of others. To consider anything impossible simply because you cannot perform it. To believe only those things that the finite mind can grasp. To live as if the moment, the day, were so important that it would continue forever.

-A London Jurist.

Oriental Students Return

-~~II~~~B_Y~A_R_T_H_U_R_A~._Y_O_U_N_G_'_N_e_W~Y_O_rk~~~~II~- THE first Japanese student arrived in America mmmg corporations; fourteen have been secre- in 1866. Today there are twelve hundred of taries of the Y. M. C. A. in China; and forty-five them studying in American colleges and uni- are or have been journalists. The number of Chiversities. The remarkable thing about them is that nese students who pursue journalism on their re- they are the picked men and women of J apan- turn to China is significant. A decade ago a news- students who will undoubtedly playa big part in paper in the hands of a coolie in China was rare.

shaping the destiny of their homeland. Today it is one of the arresting sights in every Dr. Inazo Nitobe, who for seven years repre- Chinese city.

sented Japan efficiently at the League of Nations, James Y. C. Yen, a graduate of Yale, succeeded was made a Doctor of Philosophy at Johns Hop- in reducing the number of Chinese characters to kins University; Viscount Sutemi Chinda and Mr. a minimum of accepted and recognized words.

Amaro Sato, two of Japan's foremost diplomats With the cooperation of newspapers and editors, of a generation ago, studied at DePauw Univers- great strides have been made in teaching the Chi- ity. nese peasantry to read and understand the printed Joseph Hardy Neeshima, founder of Doshisha, page.

the first Christian university in Japan, was gradu- The majority of leaders of the New China have ated from Amherst College in 1870. Miss Ume had the opportunity of acquiring a foreign educa- Tsuda, founder of Tsuda College in Tokyo, and tion. T. V. Soong, recently Minister of Finance, Miss Michi Kawai, founder of the Keisen Girls' is a Harvard graduate. Dr. C. T. Wang, former School of Tokyo, are both alumnre of Bryn Mawr Minister of Foreign Affairs, is a Yale graduate.

College. H. H. Kung, Minister of Commerce and Industry, Dr. Toyoshiko Kagawa, the noted Christian is an Oberlin man. The Chinese Minister at Wash- leader and social worker, studied at Princeton; ington, Dr. Alfred Sze, is a Cornell graduate; the Dr. Takuma Dan, head of the great business firm acting Minister in London is a Michigan Univer- of Mitsui, was trained at Massachusetts Insti- sity man.

tute of Technology; Viscount Ketaro Kaneko, for Filipino Students and Ot~ers many years head of the American-Japan Society in .Japan, is a graduate of Harvard University; In the Philippines, the dean of the Law School while President Shoshuke Sato of Hokkaido Im- of the University of Manila is a graduate of the perial University is a Doctor of Philosophy of University of Indiana. Judge Santos, of George- Johns Hopkins University. town University, is a cabinet minister, L. T. Ruiz, An example of the good work of returned stu- of Yale, is general secretary of the national Y. M.

dents occurred when racial relationships were C. A. movement.

strained as a result of anti-Japanese legislation in Scores of students from the Near East are California. The returned students in Japan never influential in the New Republic of Turkey and in hesitated to wield their influence in behalf of fair Syria.

play, and good feeling between America and Ja- Many more visitors from abroad have gone pan. about their tasks and served their countries in A recent survey of 238 prominent returned Chi- various ways as the teachers, the preachers, the nese students from America has revealed the fol- business men and others of their kind who have lowing facts: carried on with no publicity.

Forty-one are presidents of colleges; fourteen In America these foreign students not only are officials in the ministries of education; six sought the best in the classrooms, but have also have been premiers; forty-six have held cabinet garnered the worthwhile in American national positions; nine have been members of parliament; life, and this they have taken back to their various seventeen have been appointed ministers of for- countries.

eign countries; there have been four mayors of Young people, regardless of race, face the ques- cities, one governor, ten directors of railways, tion of ultimate truth. Emphasis has been placed thirty-three managers of banks, twenty-one heads on the Christian way of life and on the formation of manufacturing concerns, twelve managers of of personal friendships with Americans.

[356 ]

African Christian Teacher*

By w. SINGLETON FISHER, Elizabethville, Congo BeIge FROM personal experience I am convinced that woman named Nyameji came to his village with the native of the Congo is capable of great a strange message. Manika was away on tour. depths (or heights) of spirituality. He is as She told his wife and the other women that they willing to surrender himself wholly to the claims were accountable to God for their sinful way of of Christ as any European. He rapidly becomes a living, drew for them a vivid picture of a country man of real spiritual power if he wholeheartedly full of never dying fire to which their evil lives were taking them and she told them of God's son follows Christ. who had come into the world to live and die and Everywhere missionary people are discussing live again to save them from their wicked lives and from the punishment to come. Manika's wife to what extent natives should be encouraged to and some other women pulled up their fetishes, carryon the missionary work being done in their threw away their charms and professed to turn to respective countries. Some advocate the complete Christ (they are today church members). withdrawal of missionaries from the field so that the natives can have a free hand to carry the Gos- pel to their own people. On the other extreme Manika returned home accompanied by his fol- are those who fear to leave any responsibility in lower, Patisu, of whom you shall hear more later.

their hands and think that it will be many years They strode into the village with a line of trem- before they can be allowed equality with whites, bling natives following carrying baskets of fowls and then only after much intensive training. which they had levied in the districts they had I am going to try to present a brief sketch of a been patrolling. The women clapped continuously native I know. My object is to enable him to win for about ten minutes while their men settled your affection so that you will pray for him then down by their respective houses without saying a that he shall gain your respect as the man to word. The clapping over, greetings followed, reach his own people. Then I would like to show and a short report was given of what had hap- how necessary the missionary of the right sort pened in their absence. This report included a still is to him. My desire is to stir you up to more description of Nyameji's visit and its conse- real and definite prayer both for the native worker quences. Glancing round the village Manika and and for his missionary helper, and to help you to his friend could, without rising, see that the wom- balance truly this difficult problem. en's fetishes had indeed disappeared and they The people about whom I speak are very real, were worried. They decided however to laugh and are alive today, many having been my friends the matter off.

for many years, but I use ficticious names. "Yayo-o! Enu akwetu-u!" laughed Manika, Manika ten years ago was a kapita, a kind of "what a fine crowd you women are! Like a lot of children !" policeman of a type much used in those days by the Government. He is closely related to the big "Any strange story deceives them," grinned chief or petty king called Kazembi. When the na- Patisu, "but why worry, they'll soon give it up tives in this area were still very wild he was much again ?" feared by the natives over the whole countryside. He used to go off on long trips and arrest whole Nyameji, a woman of great natural native digbatches of men who had not paid tax and bring nity, for she is herself by birth the headwoman of them in to the Poste. Wherever he went he took quite an important little clan, looked at these from a village all the chickens he required for his young men, resplendent in their government uniown personal use. No native, except a fellow forms and their conceit. Smiling contemptuously, kapita, dared call him by his name but all called she quietly said: him Nkaka, which means grandfather or master. About the time of which I am speaking an elderly "Kanchayila! All these things you have will only be like the things Kanchayilat gathers round • Having been born in Central Africa, and having learned to t A kanchayila is a chrysalis that builds its cocoon· by neatly binding together dry sticks which it has cut Into even lengths, when speak the native language before my own tongue and then having the annual bush lires come if it is unfortunate enough to be within range the sticks soon catch a light and the insect Is quickly burnt, spent nearly all my life among natives since I was seventeen, has destroyed by the very things by which it thought it had insured for itself peace and protection. taught me a great respect for the native, his language and his ways of thinking. W. S. FISHER.

[357 ]

him; they will make the fire all the hotter when uable worker for Christ. He is by no means the you get there." most promising of our native fellow workers, there are several more gifted and more deeply She was due to return home and so saw little taught, but he is a good example of the average more of the men before she left the village that African. afternoon. That night Manika and his friend slept little. The story their wives had told them Last year he gave an address on "Consecration" -of God's hatred of sin and of His gift of His to his fellow teachers and other native Christians. son, the warning of sure judgment to come, the He used a telling illustration which is a sample reference'to Kanchayila – all kept recurring to of the way natives teach one another. He said: their minds. Next day they talked it over and to everyone's surprise decided to believe too. They "There was once upon a time a family of ante- pulled up their fetishes, got rid of their charms, lopes, an old cow antelope and several of her chil- and began praying to God. dren. They were discussing the sort of horns they would like. Most of the youngsters agreed When Nyameji next went to the village she that the kind their parents had would suit them found them gathering night by night round a well. Although the possessor could not see them camp fire to pray and to recount to one another as they curved backwards, still they were sharp what they could remember of the Message. and serviceable and would protect them from their enemies. One young buck objected strongly. Manika was not a very promising Christian, 'N0,' he said, 'I want a handsome pair of horns since he was converted mainly through fear of that curve well forward, which I can see, and en- coming judgment. Although he broke with his joy. What's the good of something I can't see!' robbery and his immorality and with many evil ways, he remained worldly and was closely at- "'All right,' said his mother, 'you shall have tached to his worldly friends. A year or two after your wish.' his conversion missionaries came· to settle in the district. They were anxious to encourage this "What a magnificent pair of horns he grew! little group to carryon for themselves and so re- Sweeping well forward in a long graceful curve! sisted the temptation to build a station near them They gave the growing antelope many hours of and went to live about nine miles away. One of enjoyment, and he despised his foolish brothers the missionaries came over one day a week to give and sisters who were content with horns they regular Bible instruction. A native teacher had couldn't even see! After a few years a great also come to live among them and was one who drought came and all the rivers dried up. The had deep knowledge of the Word of God. Manika only water to be had was in a little hole in a rock. began to learn what being a Christian really is The antelope's brothers and sisters came and but the claims of Christ seemed too great. The drank easily, unimpeded, but he could not come man became more and more worldly and in a year near the water for his beautiful horns came be- or two fell into sin. He was suspended from tween him and the life-giving draught." ' church membership and was treated as an outsider by the infant church, though all the time the The story needs no explanation. .members were praying earnestly for his restora- Pray much for these native teachers and ask tion. that the missionaries may be given grace and wis- dom to teach them in such a way that they shall Manika was deeply humbled. He was a well- learn to depend more and more on God's Word. known kapita, and was in the royal line of the old They are surrounded by sin and vice; they have Kazembi chieftainship. He was used to being a background of superstition and fear. Pray that treated with fear and respect, and here he was they may daily walk so near to God that old tempbeing given the cold shoulder by inferior beings tations, that so easily tripped them up and do who used to look up to him – all because he had trip up cold Christians, may be powerless against sinned. If fellow men treated him like that, how them. could he expect a holy God to overlook his evil ways? Over the door of a cabinet-maker's shop in Lon- don there hangs this sign, "LIVING ABOVE." It Finally Manika came back into church member- is a notification to customers that he can be found ship a humbler and wiser man. He had learned above his shop if the door is locked. the value of the cleansing blood of Christ and began to serve Christ in his village. It is a great thing for a worker to be able to say he is "living above" his work; that his dreams The regular visits of the missionaries and the and hopes and real life are above the level of his careful teaching weaned him more and more from day's toil. He may have to work amid the clods his old worldly associations and taught him to and clutter, but at least he can "live above." No walk closer to God. His natural ability soon be- matter how lowly a man's work, his life can be gan to show itself, and he has now become a val- above if his life is hid with Christ in God.

Work in

Missionary Experiences Among an Unknown People By the REV. W. KENDALL GALE, Andriamena, Madagascar Missionary of the London Missionary Society T HE Marofotsy country is unknown to Amer- have heard about the praying and wish to be icans, even to most missionary circles. taught. We also heard that there was a mission- Twenty years ago it was utterly unknown to ary in Anjozorobe so I have been sent by our peo- British mIssIOnaries in Madagascar. We are pIe to beg you to send us a teacher." therefore introducing the readers of THE REVIEW to an unknown people of an unknown land. This wild, lithe, supple savage was in deadly earnest. He presented the missionary's wife with Frequently we had stood on our verandah and a dirty, dog-eared scrap of paper, with a few had wondered what there was behind those far, wobbly crosses on it but not a word of writing. northern mountains, imagining that for hundreds of miles beyond the lofty Ketsa range the land "What is this?" asked the missionary's wife, was quite empty. For some years after our set- scarcely daring to handle such a torn, filthy, tlement in Anjozorobe, as its first missionary, we ragged bit of paper.

"That is our petition asking for a church and a never so much as heard a whisper that there were teacher," he said. people beyond the lofty heights of northern Her eyes filled with tears as the· pathos of it Imerina. We had never heard of people having came over her. Where had those savages obtained explored the country, much less had we ever seen that scrap of paper, and from whom had they got an inhabitant from that wild land. However, the pencil with which to make those few trembling through curiosity we might have set out on an crosses? exploring expedition. The amazing thing is that we did not seek out the Marofotsy people, but the "The missionary will be home in a few days," she said, "I will tell him about your visit and give Marofotsy sought us. The story is sufficiently him this paper. Go back to your people and tell remarkable to be worth telling. them that the vazahalahy (missionary) will set out for Ambakireny and you shall have a teacher." One day a tousled-headed savage, a wild, scared looking creature in a loin-cloth appeared at the When the missionary returned home he and his mission house in Anjozorobe-then our station. enthusiastic wife sat down to consider what to do; The missionary was away on a journey in the she asked him to go to Ambakireny and the Moro- Bezanozano country but the missionary's wife was fotsy country post-haste. at home. He prostrated himself before her, flat "But," we said, "the L. M. S. has a debt of upon his stomach, quite as though he were the £66,000 and we missionaries have received orders Duke of Monmouth pleading for his life before to retrench, or at least not to extend on any King James of England. The missionary's wife account. did not feel frightened at the sight of this weird human-if he could be called human. She told "Bother the debt," said the lady, "you must go. . him to rise and led him within, asking him to take I have promised."

But we did not dare do anything for debts are a seat. This he refused to do, probably never hav- debts and orders are orders, and missionaries are ing seen a chair before, so he squatted on the floor. men under authority-irksome and deplorable as "Now what do you want?" she asked. such orders are when they forbid an advance or "Please, I have come to ask for a teacher." response to such a plea. "A teacher?" she replied. "But who are you and where do you come from ?" The man came again and again and the fifth "My name is Rakotomanga and I come from time he found us at home. We were faly-mala- Ambakireny in the Marofotsy country." helo, as the Malagasy say. We were curious to see this man of unbeatable persistence, a man who "The Marofotsy country, where is that?" had been five times to the mission house and had "It is three and a half days' journey beyond tramped 35 days on foot to beg for the Gospel.

those mountains to the north," he replied. "We "My heart and my flesh crieth out for the living [359 ]

God." We did not see what could be done. We fotsy country was inhabited, for the northern area sat there and talked and talked and talked. In of Imerina was being constantly raided by savage the end we said: "Bother the debt at the mission hordes from that land, village after village going house in London; we are at least going to spy up in flames, and its quiet, pastoral people being out the land." carried away into slavery. With a people of such a character, no wonder that tribes impinging on Having received our assurance that we would its territories were scared to enter, knowing it to visit them, the man shot off back to Ambakireny be a land of bandits and raiders, of lawless savto tell the people. We went and found a very ages and cutthroats. The average Malagasy is large village and saw many others, a few of the not heroic or adventurous and has no stomach for thousand scattered over the wide Marofotsy coun- dangerous and thrilling explorations in a jungle try. Later we founded a church, the first in that where "wild beasts" swarm. It is only within reterrible land, equally terrible both as to people cent years that these raids have ceased in northern and climate, for it gave us bad fever. Imerina. Now raiding has been destroyed by the Gospel of Christ because the missionary invaded European mails had come in during our absence that land and established churches in the raider's and one of the letters caused something of a sensa- villages. Unfortunately, within the Marofotsy tion. It was from an unknown gentleman asking country itself raiding, robbery, murder and the the missionary to select a trustworthy native evan- burning of villages are still prevalent. Two years gelist, place him in a dark spot, and he would foot ago two of our churches-and the villages with the bill. "Before they call I will answer; while them-were burned to the ground. Every few they are yet speaking I will hear." weeks one hears of such raids in the remoter parts of the country, and even in close proximity of our In every missionary's life there are supreme station. The French Government admits that the moments such as someone will experience when Marofotsy country is not being adequately adminhis feet at last stand on the summit of Mt. Everest. istered for the whole wide territory boasts of only That letter gave us one of those moments. We two French officials, one post office, not a single knew just the man for evangelist and he was will- European doctor, and only three very incompetent ing, even eager, to go. He is still at Ambakireny native doctors. For its spiritual needs there are and has helped to bring forty-seven churches into four Roman priests and one Protestant missionexistence in the eastern part of the Marofotsy. ary. Randrianjafy now has charge of this territory covering an area seven days by three, over which The Marofotsy history is extremely interesting. he travels on his donkey. That man is a hero. In They are of Sihanaka stock, from the tribe inthat fearful land he has buried a wife and eight habiting a stretch of country with Lake Alaotra children, but he has never so much as given us a as its centre. In the Central Province of Imerina, hint that he wishes to give up the work and return the land of the Hova, 147 years ago was a mighty to Imerina and a healthier climate. The land is warrior-chief c a II e d Andrianampoinimerina, nOw holy ground to him, consecrated by the something of a military genius, whose ambition sacred remains of his wife and children. it was to subjugate the whole island and make himself king. He was a kind of superraider and Who Are the Marofotsy? lived only to fight. Unhappily in those days Malagasy was only a spoken language so that our But where is the Marofotsy country and who knowledge of his expeditions is scanty. He and are its people? On the map of Madagascar you his braves swept like a tornado north, south, east will see a large, oblong tract of country 250 miles and west. The slaughter must have been ghastly by 150 in the heart of the broadest part of the for most all male captives were assassinated and island, with Lake Alaotra slightly outside the only women and children were spared. centre of its eastern boundary, and Maevatanana and Ankazobe bounding it on the west. It This chief invaded the Taifasy tribe, and realstretches southward to the river Mananara, and izing that they were no match for Andrianamon the north reaches to within a day's journey poinimerina and his army, they accepted the from Marovoay. inevitable and kowtowed. Women and children were segreg~ted in one valley and males in an- Until long after the French occupation of Mada- other. Then the slaughter of the males began, gascar in 1895, it was an unknown country, and only five escaping the butchering. even yet has not been properly surveyed. Missionaries knew of this wide tract of country but Andrianampoinimerina died in 1810 and was they had never visited or explored it. It was be- succeeded by Radama, likewise a great warrior, lieved to be absolutely uninhabited and desert. who set about completing what his predecessor Had the northern part of Imerina had a mission- had begun. Radama invaded the Sihanaka counary long ago (we being still its first and only missionary) he would have known that the Maro-

PIONEERING WORK IN MADAGASCAR

try and subjugated the tribe. With some sem- Within an hour or two every man and woman was blance of mercy he spared the males, but he en- lying sprawling about the village streets dead slaved the whole tribe. A proud, independent drunk in a stupor. The whole village resembled people hitherto, subjugation and slavery were a battlefield after a particularly furious fight.

more than the Sihanaka could endure. They re- For three days and three nights they lay there belled, whereupon Radama swept down into their unconscious, dead to everything; a picture too country again with the fixed purpose of deci- ghastly to contemplate. During those three days mating the whole male population. Thousands and nights, their cattle and pigs were in their fled, making for the wild, mountainous, unknown pens unfed and unwatered.

and unhabited land now called the Marofotsy. In the whole of that village there were only five As far as we have been able to ascertain that was children, three in one home, one in another and about the year 1820, for Radama began to rule in one in another. Except for three women, all were 1810 and died in 1828. For nearly 100 years the sterile. During our first pioneer journey, we dis- Marofotsy remained unknown, undisturbed, but covered a village where there was only one child. alas! they became disturbers. They had neither What was the cause of the sterility of Manakana? money nor cattle nor possessions of any kind so We attribute it to alcohol and immorality. Walkthey took to raiding and with it inevitable slaugh- ing to and fro in Manakana in the evening we ter. From that lawlessness it is not difficult to were surprised to see sixty or seventy huts, quite trace their moral descent from a peaceful, pas- apart from the village itself, though at no great toral people to absolute savagery, with all the distance from it. To our horror we discovered worst implications of that term in morals and that they were brothels, one belonging to pracconduct. tically every woman and even girl in the village.

Criminals who fled from justice came to this Thither boys, married men and old greybeards vast and remote hinterland seeking a place in resorted, at any hour of the day or night, utterly which to hide. They found security from discov- without shame or even thought that it was dis- ery and capture for none dared to hunt for them gusting. We saw old men and mere lads crossing among those lawless hordes. Slaves also joined the open space between the village and these huts them to save their lives or to escape torture, for -a sight that shocked the spirit and lacerated the slavery continued in Madagascar until their lib- heart. We ached to put a match to them and burn eration by the French in 1896. These then com- the lot to the ground, but had we done so we prise the Marofotsy tribe: liberty-loving people should probably have been lynched. We preached who became utter savages, criminals, and escaped Christ instead and within a year those brothels slaves-a pleasant mixture! These were the folks had completely disappeared without our having who were discovered to us when that tousled- said a word about them. One small Christian headed creature appeared at the mission house in church had razed seventy brothels to the ground.

Anjozorobe. Three years after its erection we baptized sixty- The Effect of Strong Drink three people in that church one Sunday morning.

Since then they have built a much larger one. For We made a journey to the Marofotsy country in ten years they have had a trained pastor and sup- 1915-as far as Ambakireny-to spy out the land port him without any financial aid whatever from and preach the Gospel there. Then we went home the London Missionary Society. Since the coming on furlough in 1916. On our return in 1918 we of the Gospel of Christ to Manakana, there has set out alone to explore the Marofotsy country never been another drunken orgy, neither has with a view to its evangelization. We founded anyone dared to reerect another brothel. The nineteen churches as a result of that journey. We entire village has been rebuilt, and no longer resaw debasing things and learned about others that sembles a town devastated by an earthquake or a cannot be related here. We visited Manakana, a tidal wave, but is filled with brick dwellings, village of about one hundred and twenty houses. mostly with upper verandahs.

Three weeks before our arrival there had been a On that same first journey we discovered the disgusting orgy in Manakana. The inhabitants village of Bemavo and came upon the people in had clubbed together and had sent men with $300 the midst of a drunken revel, coupled as all such to Andriamena (where we now live) to buy drink. are (or were) with indecencies which cannot be On their return the entire population sat down to named. In the Marofotsy country there are scores guzzle. Each afraid lest the other should get of sacred mountains. In a four hours' journey more than his share, when once a drinking vessel from Andriamena to Bemavo we had passed three was in his or her hands it was not surrendered such. Bemavo, however, had its own specially until empty. Drinking thus, like swine from a sacred mountain called Analavory, or "The For- trough, the effects of the alcohol were devastating. est of Meeting," situated on the summit of a

plateau 3,500 feet high. Frequently the popula- ination. Such practices were taking place many tion of the district gathered there in thousands. times a year until 1918 and such was our intro- Cattle were sacrificed, together with fowls and duction to this tribe. Bemavo now has had a turkeys. Famous witch-doctors assembled there lovely little church and Analavory, their sacred to practice sorcery, selling fetishes by the hun- mountain, is deserted and its altars have been dred; fetishes to protect or bewitch or kill or to stone cold these dozen years. ensure bumping crops or unlimited children. The witch-doctors have charms for all purposes, some The Gospel of Christ has abolished drinking, supposedly good but mostly decidedly villainous, raiding, murder, filth, lust, polygamy, sorcery, for among other things they dispensed poisons to disease and theft. God has been with us during rid their clients of enemies, real or imaginery. the years and He has enabled us to found more Thus Mount Carmel swarmed with the Madagas- than one hundred churches in the Marofotsy councar priests of Baal. There one might have seen try alone, and more than two hundred and thirty men and women by the hundreds making the hor- in all among the heathen tribes of Madagascar. rible blood convenant at which they gashed their We now reside in the Marofotsy country having breasts and drank each other's blood. After these moved down there in March 1933, the first and terrible scenes the entire mass resorted to a lake, only Protestant missionary. There is work for a and all, male and female, perfectly nude, bathed score of missionaries in the country, but, alas! we together. Then they scattered over the plateau are alone, and the London Missionary Society and gave themselves up to lust· without discrim- quite unable to furnish us with a colleague. Here are fields "ripe to the harvest. Pray ye therefore."

A Great Anniversary It is generally acknowledged that no other book language and literature, their art, their beliefs, has had so profound and world-wide an influence their ideals and customs, their laws and their on individuals and on nations, as has been exerted governments. The Bible and its teachings transby the Bible. In the early days of the Jewish formed England, Scotland and Wales; the innations, the rare old hand-copied Hebrew scrolls fluence of the English translations .sent the Pilwere almost worshiped; later the Septuagint grim fathers to North America, and has reached translation was more widely distributed; then out to Australia, New Zealand and other lands came the addition of New Testament manuscripts colonized by the British. It has had a marvelous and their acceptance by Christians in Europe, effect not only in the formation of strong char- North Africa and Western Asia. The Reformation acter and high ideals but has helped to bind Engand the invention of printing from type led to the lish-speaking people together by ties of brothertranslation and publication of the whole Bible for hood – in spite of differences in theology and popular use, until now it is translated into nearly church polity and places of residence. 1,000 languages and dialects and every year more copies of this book are sold and distributed than A representative National Committee of wellof multitudes of "best sellers" combined. Last known Christian leaders has been formed to sponyear the Bible Societies and private publishers sor the commemoration. This committee includes printed .and sold over 30,000,000; this is no sud- college presidents, clergymen, scientists, editors, den spurt but every year shows a similar record. authors, business men and statesmen. Additional Probably in the past 100 years not less than four state, city and denominational committees will hundred and seventy-five million copies of Bibles carry out plans for celebrating the anniversary in and New Testaments have been sold in many coun- various localities. The purpose of the celebration tries and tongues. This is in spite of the fact that is to call wide attention to the supreme value and a large part of the Christian world (Roman Cath- great influence of the English Bible so as to proolics and Eastern sects) have not been encouraged mote more diligent reading and study of its mesto possess and read the sacred Scriptures. sage and to increase its distribution in all homes. It is proposl2d to have many public celebrations on On October 4, 1935, will be celebrated the four a nation-wide scale between October 4th and Dehundredth anniversary of printing the first com- cember 8th which latter date will be observed as plete Bible in English-Myles Coverdale's translation of 1535. This has had a profound effect, Universal Bible Sunday.* especially on English-speaking people, on their • Printed matter for use in these celebrations may be obtained from the American Bible Society, Astor Place, New York.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = CONCERNING THE kindling the imagination and ments, such as: A penny for each giving occasion and lure for the inch of your waist measure, COLLECTION endeavor. The manner of han- your foot measure, your arm dling them determines whether length, your stature, or even the As an orator, money must be or not they shall become spir- circumference of your cranium. a spell-binder, for volumes have itualized and do their bit toward The woman's society to which been written on the subject of shaping up the stewardship ideal your editor belongs put nearly shrewd ways in which to lure that must always be our goal. $90.00 into an empty treasury funds out of unwilling pockets, Here the benevolence committee last fall by stature measureparticularly since the onset of may do its formative work. ments – and there was not an the depression. It seems a far Among these plans – good and Amazon among us either. A cry from the ideal motivation of indifferent – which have been spiritualizing note may be given stewardship to commercialized sent in for use in this Depart- by quoting the Scripture regardchurch money-raising in the ment, are what may be classed as ing the impossibility of adding a name of missions; but one who cubit to one's stature by "taking is accustomed to fearlessly fac- Culinary Benevolences thought"-and yet one may ining the facts hesitates to sweep definitely extend the mission aside everything but ideal meth- A Gold and Silver Cake: This cause by matching inches with ods until patient education in may be served as the dessert at money, etc. Similar plans are systematic and proportional giv- a banquet or as a climax to a hinged upon one's weight, age ing under the urge of steward- benevolence program. A wooden (and how many Methusalehs ship has had time to do its work. cake is done in silver or gold may be discovered in our midst Out of the sobering experience paint, or a large nan covered in the course of hiding the exact as a pastor's wife, your Editor with similarly tinted paper, with age successfully, although one could tell many a tale of wives wooden or stiff cardboard top woman of the writer's acquaintwhose husbands allowed them no cut to fit snugly. Holes may be ance put in 20 cents, when she spending money of their own made in this top to receive as had grown sons and daughters, (for alas! the marriage cere- many candles as you think the thus breaking the record of mony too often fails to make the audience can replace with dol- early fertility even among the twain "one" in the pocketbook!), lars (or any coin determined Hindus!). Various other parts and whose benevolent impulses upon). Take pledges by lighting of the human anatomy may drove them to hide behind the a candle for each such sum con- doubtless be valuable to hinge grocery or the dry goods bill in tributed. by promise or other- sacrificial giving upon, if the contributing a cake, a dozen rolls wise. It is surprising how the mainspring of stewardship be or an embroidered scarf for the lure of getting all those candles church sale. Such sources of lighted will lead the audience on. weak. generosity must not be tolerated permanently, but shall we ab- Making a Missionary Cake: Opportune Benevolences ruptly dry them up before we State the snecific object and the have done our best to remove the goal in dollars and cents. Pass These owe their captivating cause of the detour? This is a around a big, yellow mixing bowl lure to the capitalizing of occaserious question and applies far to receive the nledges and ready sions, events, circumstances, and more widely than you kindly, cash. Carry this to the kitchen may be made beautiful in humane husbands imagine. . and presently return with a large symbolism and suggestiveness. cake having as many lighted Among them are the love gifts There are, however, Border- candles on it as the returns in at Christmas time, the gratitude line B enevolences-way-stations terms of dollars (or quarters, if gifts of Thanksgiving and the enroute to the higher goal – of <resources are modest) .have war- sacrificial gifts of Easter. Then which some good may be said. ranted. there are Calico Year (or lunch- Among these are many pictur- eons) to utilize depression valesque plans for coaxing pennies, Biological Benevolences ues, the attire of the membership nickels and dimes out of their and the bringing of offerings in hiding which do their work by in which pennies or dimes are calico pockets to intimate that matched with human measure- [363 ]

economy should not begin with tionable way-stations en route to This Grace Also (John E. Simpson), the Christian Stewardship goal. $1.00 and 60 cents. the House of the Lord; Poverty Among the inspirational figures Order from your own denomina- Luncheons, wherein the mem- of thought may be mentioned the tional Board of Education, or from the bership are asked to "cut out Blessing Boxes into which a coin Baptist Department of Missionary what they crave and serve only Education (whose list this is by rea- what they need"; Treasure is dropped with the recognition son of recommendation, not author- ship), 152 Madison Ave., New York Hunts to gather up silver and of each one of life's special benegold ornaments for sale to ac- fits; the Sunshine Boxes receiv- City. Why not have a class in Stewardcumulate missionary funds at ing their coins on all the sunny ship in your annual School of Mis- such times as the Government days; the Silver Offering boxes sions?

advertises to buy the precious during depressing times with the A Benevolence Prescription metals, etc. Birthday offerings, keynote, "Every cloud has its particularly when funds other- silver lining"; Building-the-Wall Are you in low spirits about wise expended upon gifts are di- Blocks hinging upon a devotional the financial condition of your verted at the request of the in- theme concerning Nehemiah's church or your missionary entertended recipients into benevolent great achievement (Neh. 2: 17) ; prise? The Christian Leader, an channels, are of real consecra- the boxes kept in the center of organ of the Universalist denomtional values. An annual birth- the dining table and receiving ination, published not long since day party held by any given theIr sustenance whenever grace a story about Horace Greeley group features a central recep- is said before meals, and all the which it had found in The tacle in which little bags are long line of offering receptacles Watchman -Examiner. It ran dropped (containing pennies patterned after some feature of thus: equal to the age of each giver), the Home or Foreign field being Horace Greeley at the height of his the months being called in con- studied. As a rule, the spiritual power as editor of The New York nection with some program feature characteristic of May immaturity of a Christian may Tribune, received a letter from a flowers, June brides, July pa- be gauged with some accuracy woman who reported that her church by the degree in which it is was in a desperate plight. Its finances were in bad shape. The young people triotism, etc., and the intermit- necessary to loosen his purse were deserting it. The community tent procession formed accord- strings by means of devices. had apparently lost all interest in it. ingly. Second-Mile Donors are But let us frankly face local con- The church members had tried every ditions as they are and do the asked for (and maybe formed device they could think of – fairs, strawberry festivals, oyster suppers, into a league or club) on occa- best we can while setting about turkey dinners, Japanese weddings, sions when apportionments have a vigorous campaign of steward- poverty socials, donkey parties, mock not been met by regular sub- ship education that shall lead to- marriages, concerts and the like, and scriptions so that many must ward the Every-Member Can- all to no effect. Could Mr. Greeley suggest some new device for keeping make an over-and-above offer- vass with consecrated personnel the struggling church from going to ing. This, too, has its spiritual definitely set apart annually in pieces? e c hoe·s. A Gift-of-the-Month some spiritual ceremonial. Us- The great edi,tor's advice was Club has similarly been formed ing the Chest-of-Joash idea and brief but to the point, and most among Ohio Baptists because having the entire membership suggestive: "Why Not Try Remissionary funds fall so far march past a chest at the altar ligion?" short of field needs. Cunning and place subscription cards or devices in the way of Indian funds therein has been a means Capitalizing Birthdays moccasins to receive the offering of grace in many a church. For more than 30 years birth- during a period when the Amer- Stewardship Books day offerings have been a regican Indian is being studied; ular feature in the Sunday Japanese fans or Oriental trin- for use in group or private read- School of the Congregational kets in the course of this year's ing, in pulpit or prayer service, study, and the like have telling are: church of New Hampton, Iowa. effects upon the purse strings of The plan was adopted in resome people, and seem unob- Money-the Acid Test (David Mc- sponse to an appeal for funds to jectionable. Then there is the Conaughey), 35 cents. help in building a mission school great matter of The Sharing Life (Ralph S. Cush- in Africa, sent by a missionary Mite Box Benevolences man), 25 cents. belonging to the church. Her Jesus' Teaching on the Use of Money friends cast about for some way (Ina C. Brown), 50 cents. of complying with the request.

From the pure idealist's stand- Christian Materialism (new in Oc- After discussing various ways and means, the birthday plan point they might be considered tober) (Bishop McConnell). Junior Stewards of the Bible (Helen was adopted. This plan was exstumblingblocks rather than of- K. Wallace), 75 cents. plained to the children – just fering boxes, in the way that Stewardship in the Life of Youth where the money was to go and "The good is often the enemy of (Williamson and Wallace), $1.00 the best," and impulse giving is and 50 cents. what was to be done with it- and they soon became very enallowed to take the place of pay- Stewardship Parables of Jesus (R. C. thusiastic. They not 0 n I y ing on principle. But surely Long), $1.00. they are one of the least objec- Money Power (Chas. A. Cook), $1.00. brought their own pennies but

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

they got after their fathers and narily under this plan the amount con- with the national organization mothers, sisters and brothers tributed is about one-tenth of the total and expanding through the use and insisted that they all cele- church budget. . . . This sum includes of the Study Book, "Orientals in brate their birthdays by making all of their giving to specific objects American Life," into interracial a contribution proportional to as well as their contributions to cur- and international fellowship, their years, to the Sunday rent expenses. The advantages of the thus tying together into one har- School. plan are as follows: monious whole individual, or- ganizational and human inter- These birthday funds were Youth becomes church-conscious and ests. augmented by offerings on spe- missionary-minded through a study of cial days, such as Christmas, the activities supported by the budget. The ship motif made possible Easter, Lincoln's birthday and The educational program provides many interesting innovations in Children's Day. At the end of courses in the history and organiza- program planning and nautical the year it was discovered that tion of the denomination and in the terminology lent itself to a vathe church was able to send $100 practice of stewardship through "My riety of uses. Above is a reproto Africa. Responsibility" and other courses duction of the "Nautical Chart" graded for the various age groups. (Achievement Poster) which The plan worked so well that Wherever possible projects are fol- was used by the local units. The it has been continued. Each lowed out by youth to make the causes chart was displayed at the regyear $100 are sent to missions they support meaningful. The use of ular meetings each month and by the Sunday School alone, so still and moving pictures, dramatics proved not only an attractive dethat in the last 30 years our little and exhibits helps to make clear the vice but a helpful instrument in school-never over 100 pupils- values in the church program. stimulating the local society to has given some $3,000 to mis- attempt certain definite goals. sions. Properly used information and ac- These charts were sent out with tivities generate enthusiasm. This in the regular study course. Many became so interested turn, is a means of solving the p;obthat they continue to send their lem of holding young people in the Accompanying the chart were offerings long after they move church and increasing or maintaining eight gummed red arcs shaped to away. Contributions are being their giving. Experience has shown fit exactly into the numbered received each year from friends that the plan also develops leadership. white spaces below the points of in many states, even as far west the star. As a goal was reached as California. The first of each For information, address The Youth the red arc carrying the number month the names of all whose Budget Plan Committee, General natal days are to occur in that Council, 156 Fifth Ave., New York corresponding to the one in the month are placed on a black- City. white space on the chart was board; and when the contribu- placed in its proper position. tion is made, the amount is re- Fellowship Year When all the goals were achieved corded opposite the appropriate these arcs formed a colorful name. Many of the older pupils "Fellowship," the theme chosen border around the eight-pointed by The Forward Looking Comand adults do not limit their con- mittee of the Woman's Home tributions to the number of their Missionary Society of the Methyears, so the offerings run from odist Episcopal Church for 1934- 1935 had as its objective pro- 25 cents to $1.00. moting fellowship with God, fel- lowship with one another in the The plan has not only enabled local church, a closer fellowship the Sunday School to make its annual contribution to missions but it has been a joy and a delight to all who participate in it.

W. D. SPIKER, Pastor.

The Youth Budget Plan The Presbyterian tells of a way in which youth may become interested in the Church and share in its activities. It says: The Church becomes meaningful to young people as they enjoy its privi- leges and help to meet its problems. Under the Youth Budget Plan those from eight to twenty-three years of age take a definite share in supporting church expenses and benevolences through a pledge of systematic giving and the use of weekly envelopes. In other words, youth "stakes a claim"

and takes a share in the church life through service and giving. Ordi- Courtesy of Woma1l1's Home Mi8$ions

star gIvmg a striking appear- adapted to local conditions and a placard before each appearance) ance to the whole. At the center needs. The theme supplies the and tell their main features. A very the cross and the flag encircled anatomy. taking open meeting. Program leadby a wreath of laurel represents ers as "librarians," and luncheon comthe insignia of the society. It The figure of the journey is mittee serving at a "cafeteria." gives another touch of color as well as a symbolic significance always an attractive one, being 7. Trails through Our Denominato the chart. dynamic with suggested activity. tional Fields. A program devoted to the specific fields of the church, with To keep the year's goals be- Here is a brand new one : map talk, the refreshments being a fore the constituency and to pre- paddyfield luncheon and the leaders vent the auxiliary from being A Year's Journey on the trail-breakers. "at sea" regarding the use of the chart, a cut of the chart ap- King's Highway 8. Journey's End: We Unpack Our peared each month in the so- Baggage. Possibly annual business ciety's official organ, "Woman's An highway shall be there, and meeting with reports harmonized with Home Missions," with a few per- a way, and it shall be called The the dominant figure and the leaders as tinent paragraphs regarding the Way of Holiness. In all thy baggage masters. A station lunch next goal to be achieved. In ad- ways acknowledge Him and He counter may be arranged as at the bedition the editorial page pre- shall direct thy paths. ginning. sented regularly for several months messages under such 1. We Gather for the Journey (au- 9. Travelogues and Curios for Our headings as "C h art i n g the tumn rally, with luncheon or supper). Friends. Exhibit of articles from Course" and "Cruising the C's." Each department head or leader gives mission fields, with informal story- The subject matter of these edi- a forecast of plans for the year, and telling to incorporate the subject mattorials was of a practical and in- an inspirational address incites to ac- ter and describe the various peoples forming nature, which proved tion along whatever lines are to be thus exploited. Leaders as "narrahelpful both to the officers and majored, with Christian social service tors" and refreshments as a "cosmothe constituency. The Study along the Home Mission study theme politan luncheon." Course booklets were titled: prominent. Travelers' songs and spe- cial music. Luncheon or supper com- 10. Gifts for Companions of the The Com pas s (devotional mittee designated as providing "the Road. A shower or summer Christunit) , station lunch counter," and program mas tree or some other plan to gather leaders as tourist agents. Tourist supplies for some definite worker or The Charted Course (educa- tickets with the rest of the year's top- field, or for an outgoing missionary. tional and social unit), ics built in like sections of a folder may be used if desired. Some may If tourist nomenclature is desired, The auxiliary Book of Plans wish to semidramatize with station designate the president as the Eagle published each year as a hand- features. Scout, the first vice-president as Bookbook for local auxiliary officers, ing Agent, the second as Merry Maker committee chairmen and leaders 2. We Explore the Homeland. Use (social leader), the third (if she has of local young people's and ju- the Home Mission theme with which- charge of making hospital supplies, nior groups bore the caption, The ever study book is desired, dramatiz- etc.) as Equipment Officer, the re- Official Log. ing its main points or dividing the cording secretary as the Tourist principal subject matter up into a Scribe, the corresponding secretary as These plans together with the series of short talks after the relay the Lookout, the treasurer as Purser, many original and clever ideas fashion of a race or journey. Ma- the study or reading chairman as that the conference, district and terial on pioneers (see the June RE- Baedeker Guide, the music chairman auxiliary officers projected made VIEW, pp. 266 and 303, also its other as Cheer Leader, the house or kitchen Fellowship Year a voyage of en- Home Mission articles) will furnish chairman as Porter, the civics chairchantment and discovery. sidelights. Luncheon committee as man as S;tfety Agent, the membership commissary agents and program lead- chairman as Advance Agent and the MRS. V. F. DEVINNY, ers as scouts. publicity chairman as Reporter.

National Corresponding Sec- 3. Highways and By-Ways in the Churches having an annual school retary in charge of Pro- Sunny Southland. Similar use of the of missions never can count on any- motion. Foreign Mission theme, Latin-Amer- thing like a· full enrollment from the ica. Spanish music, costuming, etc., various units in the organization; so READY-TO-USE MATERIAL may give color. Luncheon by "tortilla some such bird's-eye view of the lead- vendors" and program by "Spanish ing study books as the foregoing out- Many requests come to this guides." Decorate with Mexican and line affords puts the woman's or the Department for themes for year Cuban curios. young people's society into touch with books, series of programs, com- the themes which are so largely feaplete outlines, etc.; and while it 4. On the Trail of the Wise Men. tured in current missionary magazine is difficult for the Editor to re- Christmas meeting with suitable can- literature. spond individually, the following tata or other dramatic program, posare submitted for adaptation sibly put on by girls' or at least young REASONS FOR TITHING among those who find their own people's organization. Program leadprogram building difficult. A ers as "followers of the Star." 1. The tenth of one's net income is year's outline, with its connect- a fair minimum for proportionate giving vertebrre in place, is easily 5. Fun and Fellowship with Other ing. World Travelers. ' An all-church din- ner sponsored by the missionary or- 2. The tithe is a Scriptural stand- ganization in question, with tables for ard. Love gifts should not be less than fields and real or impersonated mis- the old legal requirement. sionary workers as hosts and host- esses. Short addresses, intermingled 3. The tithe helps the tither keep ac- with wholesome merrymaking. – curate accounts and encourages bud- geting. 6. We Visit the Animated Library. Book review meeting cast in mold of 4. The needs of a large community tourists' exploration of library, a make it imperative that there should selection of standard missionary books be more generous giving by Chris- being made for impersonations; or tians. have the books step out of a frame made to represent the cover of a vol- 5. It makes giving a principle, and ume (its name being hung on door as not a spasmodic expression.

6. It establishes one as a financial steward and a partner with God.

-Epworth Tidings, Rangoon. BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK THE STUFF THAT PATRI- zen's soul, would be to write out profit our nation if it gain num- OTS ARE MADE OF! in 300 words why he 'knows he bers and riches, and lose the is a patriot, and then grade him- sense of the living God and the Faith, Hope, Love – and the self in the light of the Declara- joy of human brotherhood? greatest of these is Love! tion of Independence. Make us determined to live by Faith of our fathers who How long since each of us has truth and not by lies, to found founded America with toil and read the Declaration of Inde- our common life on the eternal tribulation, dreaming of reli- pendence? How many of us foundations of righteousness and gious liberty and political free- know every word of Lincoln's love, and no longer to prop the dom was good stuff. Like an- Gettysburg speech? How many tottering house of wrong by cient leaders of men, they came of us pray daily that those who legalized cruelty and force. not knowing whither, and they fell in the World War shall not endured because of the vision of have died in vain? How many Help us to make the welfare a new country where men 'and of us pray individually and col- of all the supreme law of our women, young and old, should lectively that the President and land, that so our commonwealth dwell happily and rightly with Congress may be given the wis- may be built strong and secure each other. dom from God in casting their on the love of all its citizens. votes which determine the course The faith and hope of our of the nation? Do we take our Cast down the throne of mamearly patriots were sustained not American citizenship seriously mon who ever grinds the life of by love of adventure and of find- enough? Of such stuff patriots men, and set up thy throne, 0 ing gold but love for family and are made. Christ, for thou didst die that love for God as the Divine Fa- men might live. ther, who is righteous and FOR THE KINGDOM OF would not forsake them but Show thy erring children at dwelt in their midst as they GOD last the way from the City of created the new country-a de- Destruction to the City of Love, mocracy in form, out of the stuff o Christ, thou hast bidden us and fulfill the longings of the of everyday faithfulness to the prophets of humanity. Our best ways of living. The failure to pray for the coming of thy Master, once more we make thy of one person or of a single Father's kingdom, in which his faith our prayer: "Thy kinggroup was to the harm of all. righteous will shall be done on dom come! Thy will be done on And the will to live rightly and earth. We have treasured thy earth !" happily was to the good of all. words; may we not forget their meaning, and may thy great WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH. These early patriots of ours hope never grow dim in thy did not always agree. They were Church. WHY WARS MUST CEASE not alike. There was no one pattern of behavior, but love of We bless Thee for the inspired A Book That Belongs in Every the new country, and hope for souls of all ages who saw afar Thinking Citizen's Library what the new nation might be- the shining City of God, and by come possessed the most of them. faith left the profit of the pres- I. Because If We Do Not Destroy And we love them for their faith, ent to follow their vision. We War Now, War Will Destroy hope and love which gave them rejoice that today the hope of Us-Garrie Ghapman Gatt. the necessary fortitude. Are we these lonely hearts is becoming more' patriotic making great the clear faith of millions. II. Because the War Idea Is Obnoise on July fourth than in solete – Mrs. Franklin D. knowing the price paid by the Help us, 0 Lord, in the cour- Roosevelt. early patriots? age of faith to seize what has now come so near, that the glad III. Because Wars Waste Human It might be well to test our- day of God may dawn at last. Life-Mary E. Woolley. selves today by knowing if we As we have mastered nature that can sing all the stanzas of the we might gain wealth, help us IV. Because Wars Cost Too Much national anthem. A further pa- now to master the social rela- -Mrs. William Brown Metriotic exercise, good for the citi- tions of mankind that we may loney. gain justice and a world of brothers. For what shall it V. Because Wars Produce Eco- nomic C h a 0 s – Florence [367 ] Brewer Boeckel.

VI. Because in War You Never Know What You Are Fight- ing For-Emily Newell Blair. VII. Because Wars Unleash De- nation as a whole. Not only is God, and the means by which the VIII. moralizing Instincts – Judge the contribution made by the Christ-life is imparted to those Florence E. Allen. Church to the nation's life clari- in the nation who have it not." IX. fied but the book furnishes ma- X. Because Every War Breeds terial showing the changed con- A discussion outline is being Another War – Dr. Ali c e ditions which the Church in prepared by Dr. Kenneth Dexter Hamilton. Miller to be used in connection America must face today, and with a study of "Toward a Chris- Because War Handicaps the the unfinished and continuing tian America." It begins with Evolution of Civilization- task of the Church. Some one consideration of the local church –Jane Adda1ns. has defined both the local church and then leads into study of our and "the Church in America" "a national problems and programs In Conclusion – Dorothy Can- school for training Christians in the knowledge and service of of Christian service. field Fisher. "Christian Youth in Action," This book was written for prepared by Dr. Frank W. Herthe National Committee on the riott, should be read by all who Cause and Cure of War com- study "Toward a C h r i s t ian America." The story is based on posed of eleven national women's concrete programs of service alorganizations, of which the ready begun by the young peo- Council of Women for Home Missions is one. ple of the churches. Order texts from above ad- "Toward a Christian America," the home mission study text dress. Do serve your country written by Dr. Hermann N. now "while it is yet day!" Morse is a statesmanlike review of the work of the church in the CHRIST'

POTE NT IN LI FE .TO-DAY Used by permis~on. 01 the Women's Missionary SoCiety of the U1IIited Lutheran. Church in. America

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Our World–wide Outlook A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC noon. The Batangas week-day Student Center Church (Baptist Progress in New Guinea kindergarten had a successful Mission) go out to teach Sunday In 1933 two missionaries rep- year, with 26 enrolled. In Min- schools in nine different districts resenting the American Lutheran Mission and that of Neuen- doro a fine bit of pioneering of LaPaz, Philippine Islands. dettelsau undertook an aeroplane flight to investigate the work is being done by Mr. and The average attendance is 235 territory between the Hagen and the Bismark Mountains, an area Mrs. Hernandes. There are nine pupils, or about 26 in each said to be inhabited by about 200,000 people. In 1934 the churches and groups with the school. In some places where same missionaries undertook a new exploration on foot. They work centering in the capital, the Sunday school has continued were joined by four more missionaries and about one hundred Calapan. Recently the pastor for three or more years, the atnatives who had been sent out by the Christian congregation. opened up work in Abra de Ilog, tendance is very regular and the They reached the area after a march of two weeks, and were a town which has to be reached interest good. In one instance received in a friendly manner. from Batangas by boat, as the during the Christmas vacation In the Gafuka valley they found wild tribes, and had much town is inaccessible over land when the teacher was absent, one to suffer from thievery. In other places they were amazed at find- from Calapan. The pastor, his boy decided to hold a Sunday ing populous settlements, large dwellings scattered in between wife, and a member made the school himself. He called the the cultivated fields. Many kinds of palm trees and other fruit trip in a very small mail boat children together, opened the trees had been planted. In the Ganj Valley they found a popu- which makes the trip once a service with songs that they lation that manufactured beautiful sharp stone axes. On the week. They were 23 hours in knew, and then told them Bible whole this area shows fine progress and beside the Neuendettel- covering about 15 miles. Despite stories which he had learned in sau missionaries, there are 13 former missionaries of the Rhen- the hardship of the trip, the vis- ' his class. -Missions. ish Mission working under the American Lutheran Mission. it of ten days was fruitful, and Progress in Batangas, P. I. 38 people accepted Christ. They Christianity in Java are now planning to erect a The churches in Batangas, P. chapel. From Jidda comes an an- 1., have shown continued prog- nouncement that the number of ress. The 14 churches and five -Philippine Presbyterian. pilgrims to Mecca is not likely to Christian groups make this prov- be above 25,000 this year, a very ince strongly evangelical. In De- Relics of Ancient Faith cember a two-day program of worship and religious education Easter Island is a lonely isle great decrease in the usual numwas given in Batangas City. ber. The number from Java is in the Pacific 2,300 miles west of not expected to be above 1,000. During the year the Batangas Chile and equally remote from Until the past few years one church formed a gospel team and any other land, and is one of the third of all pilgrims to Mecca organized three village Sunday most famous islands on the globe came from Java, whose populaschools which meet in the after- tion is 40,000,000, all Moslems, because of its great stone idols with few exceptions. This de- cut out of a near-by crater and crease of Mecca pilgrims is dragged down to the coast, probably due chiefly to economic conditions. where they are set on pedestals to the number of a hundred or more. They range from small statues to giants 20 feet high, The first Christian converts in and are carved into grotesque Java were made in 1830, through forms. The island now has four the efforts of a Dutch Baptist hundred Pacific islanders and a missionary. After allowing for dozen Europeans, but the origi- the Christians who have come nal inhabitants have long since from elsewhere, such as the vanished and left no trace as to Chinese converts, there are now whence they came and whither in Java over 60,000 Christians they went. The idols are pathet- of Islamic origin. A new sphere ic relics ot an ancient and for- of work has its center at Malang, . gotten faith and worship. -Presbyterian Banner. where ten years ago there were Boy Holds Sunday School no Christians. A h 0 s pit a 1, schools and a theological school were built. The number of Every Sunday morning at C h r i s t ian s there has now seven o'clock, 21 members of the reached 500, and there are about [369 ]

fifty adult baptisms every year. tories, three chapels for the for- in the solution of their problems. The Oxford Group Movement eign-born and underprivileged, In spite of a rainy night, the has been adapted with some suc- three convalescent and fresh-air church was filled. The pastor of cess among theological students. homes, the community center of the church, Rev. R. Walter An- God's Providence House, the derson, preached on the subject, -Baptist Missionary temporary shelter of St. Barna- "Man and Religion." Review. bas' House, and the Goodwill In- dustries, with their workshop The spirit of the service was Two Hundred Years of Service and four stores. In addition, marked by a deep reverence, in- there is work in connection with dicating that the people were Rev. M. K. Gilmour, President the Potters' Field, the immigra- reaching out for God. One of of the New South Wales Confer- tion station at Ellis Island, and the department heads, who is an ence, Methodist Church, on the courts of domestic relations; Episcopalian, attended the serv- March 7th, entertained past and besides the vast amount of field ice, and had much to do with the present members of the Papua work, and relief. On an annual planning of it. He said: "Un- District Mission staff – a group budget of $325,000, it is note- less we get back to God, industry which aggregated 200 years of worthy that last year's deficit is sunk." -The Presbyterian. service among Papuans. The was only a little over $5,000. combined years of Rev. and Mrs. To Win Railway Men Gilmour's service totals 66. Mr. Temperance Foundation Gilmour established a record for The National Christiim Railservice in a malarial district, A Temperance E d u cat ion way Men's Association has been having served over thirty years Foundation has been formed to established by a former railway in Papua. He saw large areas promote education "on all phases employee, with a view to reachreclaimed fro m heathenism, of the alcohol problem, includ- ing some of the 1,000,000 railwork consolidated and institu- ing research and collection of way men of the United States, tions created. data and the dissemination of in- in shop meetings, by tract dis- formation on the nature and ef- tribution and by personal soul NORTH AMERICA fect of, the manufacture of, the winning. Christian Railway use of, and the traffic in, bever- Men's Messenger is the title of a Moral Decadence age alcohol, together with the little paper at 50 cents a year, problems arising therefrom." 20 copies for $1. Those particu- Secretary of State Cor dell larly interested in this move- Hull, is reported in the New The plans for the Foundation ment for Christian work among York Times as saying that there include the pUblication of a new railway men should address Mr. has been more or less of a de- monthly magazine, support of Joseph T. Larson at 3033 Columcline in all the human standards the International Student, for bus Avenue, Minneapolis, Min- -political, social and economic, educational work in colleges and nesota. and occasionally religious. Be- universities, and continuation of sides extreme nationalism, he the Scientific Temperance J our- -Watchman-Examiner. listed as the more serious dan- nal, formerly published by the gers, the "failure to observe Scientific Temperance Federa- Brooklyn's Negro Churches fundamentals," and the "neglect tion, which is expected to act as by our people of the plainest the research department of the Brooklyn, N. Y., has 98 Negro duties of citizenship." Foundation. churches under various denomi- nations, to accommodate the es- It will be remembered that Dr. Ernest H. Cherrington for timated Negro population of Herbert Hoover, in reply to an many years the General Secre- 75,000. About seven in every inquiry as to the cause of the tary of the W 0 rId Lea g u e ten Negroes attending church wave of lawlessness which was Against Alcoholism, interprets are Baptists. Less than 40 per sweeping over the United States, the chief function of the Founda- cent of Brooklyn's entire popuanswered: "It is not a crime tion as influencing leaders of lation are church members, yet wave; it is a subsidence of the thought and action. it has been called "the city of moral foundations of the na- churches." tion." -Federal Council Bulletin. -The Churchman. New York City Mission Industry's Way Out Training for Prison Chaplains The annual report of the New Recently a significant service York City Mission Society shows was held in the First Presby- The Federal Bureau of Pristhe variety and extent of that terian Church of Carlisle, -Pa. ons has made a formal request organization's work. Its activi- The employees of C. H. Masland to the Federal Council SoCial ties cover some seventy centers and Sons, Inc., carpet manufac- Service Secretary, to assume reof human need in three states- turers, desired to have a service sponsibility for the nomination chaplaincies in thirty hospitals, of thanksgiving to God for His and training of chaplains for seven asylums and homes, and kind providence in giving them federal prisons, and for superseventeen prisons and reforma- employment during the depres- vision of their work. Each pris- sion, and looking to Him for help on is to have a staff of special-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ists, including a physician and a ical and one lay, were elected to of the Conference, the theme psychiatrist, appointed by the go along with the white dele- "Christ Our Life" was kept in Federal Public Health Service at gates to the provincial synod to the foreground. -Missions. Washington, a psychologist, a be held next fall at Lexington, supervisor of education, a social Ky. There is no separate Negro The Church in Cuba worker, a librarian and the Episcopal Church, a fact which For more than four years, chaplain. It is the desire of the makes for better relations be- over half the population of Cuba Bureau that religion shall be tween the races. has gone to bed with apprehen- sion of what the morning would made a greater and more com- -Christian Century. bring, but the National Church petent force in the restoration of has set itself to be unmoved by the prisoners. The chaplain will LATIN AMERICA these conditions and the leaderhave responsibility for the con- ship is entirely Cuban. Young Pastors in Mexico people have pushed a forward duct of worship, religious educa- youth movement under the name tion and personal counselling in The Mexican situation places "National Union of Christian the field of religion, and will in- more responsibility upon Mex- Endeavor in Cuba." ican pastors, and their taking terview incoming prisoners on over the missionaries' functions In the University of Havana a their religious background and shuts the mouths of those who group of Christian students attitudes. (Why not do more to insist that Mexican Protestants rented a house during the past are a disloyal advance guard of year and have offered the ineducate the youth in Christian American penetration and con- fluences of a Christian home to principles before they reach the quest. Christians of the City of prisons?) -Federal Council Bulletin.

River Mission Boat Mexico held daily prayer meet- boys from the interior. ings for three weeks in the large There has been no sweeping Rev. E. W. Mellichampe, rec- Presbyterian church, before the evangelistic movement during tor of St. John's Church, Helena, inauguration of the new Presi- the past year, and no place where Arkansas, after a trip into the dent, General Lazaro Cardenas. hundreds of people have been White River country, had a vi- The entire day of the inaugura- brought into the church. But sion of a mission boat that would tion was spent in prayer for him, there has been no let-up in any ply up and down the river and and on that day the agent of the church or mission. There has carry the story of God and His Bible Society, Senor Marroquin, been no Sunday when the Gospel goodness to the neglected people sent him a Bible with a prayer has not been preached by the of that area in the Mississippi that God would bless him as the pastor of the church. River territory. He enlisted the leader of the Mexican people. A distinctly Cuban movement . aid of the local press in explain- That there is sympathy with has been the banding together of ing his plan to the city and the evangelical Christianity is seen national ministers of all denomsurrounding country. He wanted in ex-President Calles' remark: inations. The plan is to carry help, he said, not only from the "The Revolution has turned up the effects of the union through churches and people who were the soil. It is for the Evan- the six provinces of Cuba, and enlisted in Christian work, but gelical Church to sow the seed." unite every Christian influence from all others who believed in for an evangelistic and religious his plan. A boat and pilot were Quest Groups education campaign.

soon supplied. Then Mr. Melli- The last annual Conference of -Women and Missions. champe called together repre- Evangelical Youth of Puerto sentatives of the va rio u s Young Evangelists churches of Helena and formed Rico suffered many handicaps, a working group to take charge one being an influenza epidemic Six lads in Argentina who of planning the work and ex- were led to Christ through the pending the contributions. Mag- which reduced the attendance by instrumentality of their Sunday azines, toys and other things one half: Two of the speakers school teacher, himself converted foreign to the children of the had to be replaced because of ill- in the same school, were desirous lowland country will be distrib- ness; two others had to over- of making known the Gospel to uted. Later, if interest con- come great difficulties to attend. those less privileged than themtinues to grow, it is planned to selves, and arranged to "storm" take a teacher on the boat's voy- However, the Conference touch-: one of the many inland towns ages. -The Living Church. ed 46 young lives from approxi- where no organized Gospel testi- mony exists. Before setting out mately 35 churches of four de- nominations.

A new feature was the organi- Negro Delegates Recognized zation of "Quest Groups." The they assembled for prayer; then, entire student body was divided working two by two, they called History was made at the 1935 into three groups: "Quest for from door to door, delivering convention of the Protestant God," "Quest for Prayer," and their message of truth and love. Episcopal diocese of Mississippi "Quest for Service," and led by In this way they visited every held at Meridian. For the first three professors of the Evan- house in the town. As the shadtime Negro delegates, one cler- gelical Seminary. In every phase ows were lengthening, they met

in the public square, and re- Self-supporting Churches; Scriptures. In recent years counted their several adventures. Lay-workers. there has been a noteworthy in- While they were waiting for Mrs. E. E. Lane, in the Presthe conveyance which was to byterian Survey, discusses these crease in the sales in Ireland; take them back to their city, a in relation to the present day. long train entered the town's EVlfry missionary is a colpor- the circulation in 1930 was 83,- station. The boys recognized in teur. In a remote section a this another opportunity for wit- native said to a believer, "I 654, whereas in each of the last nessing, so they ran along the think I saw your priest going line, and handed Gospels to the through." "How do you know it two years it has been just over passengers at the windows. was my pastor?" replied the be- liever. "Well," was the reply, and just under 100,000 respec- -The Christian. "He had a leather bag tied to his saddle. Only Protestants ride tively. For the year 1933-34 Library for Lepers that way." The Evangelista has four sheets, printed monthly, and more than £3,300 was sent to the Brazil has a new government last year two souls were saved Leper Colony at Pirapitinguy. by that means. During the last British and Foreign Bible So- Christmas funds from the Mis- year Sunday school enrollment sion to Lepers was used to start has gone up by more than a ciety towards translation work a loan library. for the 858 leper thousand, and every Sunday inmates. Rev. W. G. Borchers more than three thousand schol- or for colportage abroad, and the writes: "We used part for New ars study in these schools. Dur- Testaments and Bibles, and the ing 1934 the native churches of Society also supports sixteen colremainder in purchasing other the mission's territory contribvolumes. We raised enough more uted $6,000 for the support of porteurs and Biblewomen – one for a library of 240 books, the their churches, and that out of best we could secure. These 240 deep poverty and want. The in Iraq, six in India, and nine in books have already been bor- Mission's right arm is its lay rowed by the patients a total of force. There are six of these China. -The Christian. 5,000 times, indicating the ap- men who help to cover a vast preciation in which they are A Oommunist's Story held. A former college teacher, are~. a member of the Methodist A disciple of Karl Marx, Church, and another young EUROPE woman patient have had charge steeped in the tenets of the Third of the library. Scores are now Oaring for the Ohildren returning to their homes cured, Internationale, as an official of making room for others to The British Society for the come." Prevention of Curelty to Chil- the British communist party be- dren has passed its jubilee, and came a popular speaker, and "A roof over our heads" in the during fifty years more than four eventually president of the Scotnear future is the hope of the million children have been pro- tish Workers' Party. He served Pirapitinguy leper congregation. tected from ill-treatment. There a 15 months' prison sentence for "At present we preach out in the are 265 inspectors, carefully sedition, after which he became open with no shade and at times chosen and well trained. In one a teacher in the Communist Sunthe sun is very hot for all of us, year the Society interested itself day schools, where children from even in winter." in 74,000 neglected children. It five to fourteen years of age were is not the purpose of the Society taught that there was no God, Taking Stock in Brazil to prosecute offending parents and that all religions were dope. or guardians, but rather to in- Here follows the narrative in his It is now seventy-five years duce them to recognize their re- own words: "One day I attended since the beginning of Presby- sponsibilities. Nevertheless, the the funeral of a young woman, terian Missions in Brazil. It is law punishes callous parents and heard the hymn 'Safe in the interesting to note that the ob- when other influences fail. The Arms of Jesus.' At that mojectives of pioneer missionaries N.S.P.C.C. is supported by vol- ment God spoke to me. My cold, are the same as those of today. untary contributions. logical mind melted in the stream Rev. Asbel Simonton, first Pres- of His love. My conversion canbyterian missionary to Brazil, -The Christian. not be explained in terms of psylisted these objectives as fol- chology; it was a mental revolows: Ireland's Bible Distribution lution, and with it came an overwhelming impulse to tell Strategic Centers; Since its founding in 1806, the others to enter into His service. The Distribution of the Word of God; Hibernian Bible Society, inde- After a year or so of evangelistic Education; pendent auxiliary of the British work, I was appointed mission- Wide Evangelism; and Foreign Bible Society, has ary to the men employed on a .Publication; circulated 7,538,000 copies of the 16-mile tunnel enterprise; no Sunday School Work; light task, for at the peak of the operations I had 2,600 men to minister to, twelve camps over an area of twenty-six miles t6 visit, sick men to call upon and advise, accidents-many of them fatal – to hurry to, helping the doctor in the blackness of' the tunnel, sometimes over our knees in water, but the spiritual re- sponse made it worth while. I well remember a service I held, 1,800 feet above sea-level, at which seven nationalities were

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

represented-Scots, Eng lis h, seeking to conserve the interests 30, 1934. According to this Irish, Welsh, a Frenchman, a German, and a Greek, all bound of Evangelical Christianity in analysis 212 heads "rolled in the together in a common bond of love through Jesus Christ." the country, on a voluntary sand"-the Nazi phrase for be- -The Life of Faith. basis. The only Sunday school headings. More than 13,000 Difficulties in Czechoslovakia in the country is in connection refugees were deprived of their H. Prochazka, head of the with the Mission. Both Greek nationality, and 12,863 persons Baptist Theological Seminary at Prague issues the following Orthodox and Mohammedan were sterilized. Germans served statement: youth attend this school; the at- enough time in prison to aver- The general religious situation in this country is difficult. Our twenty- tendance has now reached 600. age one day for each adult in the seven churches, with 2,800 members have been affected by the economic There are twenty-five classes, country, and prison sentences crisis. They are not supported by the State as so many others are, and they each meeting in a separate room. averaged one for every 203d must fight to live. To show how things are, let me say that the average Owing to the increasing number German. The statistics comprise church is of sixty to one hundred members, made up of working people in the of young people seeking admis- only legal penalties inflicted by town churches and of small farmers in the country. The latter have heavy sion, it is necessary to hold the courts and do not take account of debts on their property – fifty to eighty per cent. They do their best school in two sessions. Since the extra-legal acts of violence, such but they cannot contribute very much. We are happy, however, that there are World's Sunday School Associa- as the killings in the "blood 700 or more young people in our young people's societies. They are effective tion began to cooperate with the purge" and the case of 184 perworkers in the churches and are ready to help. Sunday school work is pro- Mission in 1932, particularly in sons "shot while attempting to gressing. Last year there were over 1,300 children in our Sunday schools. the production of literature for escape." They exclude also the -Watchman-Examiner. scholars and textbooks for teach- .many so-called suicides in con- Mission to Rumania ers, the work has grown in vol- centration camps, and the 49,000 A definite step in the direction ume and influence, and the num- sent to such camps are not inof church unity is seen in the fact that a delegation represent- ber of young people under syste- cluded in the prison figures. ing the Anglican communion is to be sent to Rumania in re- matic teaching increased by fifty As to Soviet Russia, Henri sponse to the invitation of the per cent. -The Christian. Bero, French socialist, reports Patriarch of that country to the Archbishop of Canterbury. The the number executed, so far as invitation grew out of the Lambeth Conference of 1930. Plight of Germany's Christian known, since the Soviet regime came into power: 28 bishops and The Rumanian Church is Non-Aryans probably the largest and strong- higher clergy; 6,778 priests, est of the established state In the German Church conchurches in the Eastern Ortho- troversy and the Nazi persecu- 6,585 school-teachers, 8,800 docdox com m u n ion, having a tion of Jews, the plight of one tors, 51,850 army officers, 200,- strength of some thirteen million large group has been almost 850 policemen and other officials, members. Its theological sem- and 11,488,520 peasants and inary in Bucharest has about 900 overlooked. These are the Chris- artisans. These make the stagstudents and by a church law of tians of Jewish ancestry, whose gering total of 11,726,746 people 1925 every man ordained is re- number is variously estimated at put to death since the Soviet quired to have a university de- regime came into power! Nearly gree. -The Living Church. from one to three millions. To two million more dead than the the world at large this great total killed in the World War. In Albania group are members of the Chris- No mission board has been at tian Church; to the Nazis they work in Albania since the War. The Albania Evangelical Mis- are non-Aryans subject to the Less Anti-Easter Activity sion (Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy), merciless restrictions imposed located at Kortcha, has been upon the Jews. Communist antireligious ac- The plight of this group is tivity in Russia last E as t e r even worse than that of the Jews. showed less vigor than in pre- They have nowhere to turn. The ceding years. Some anti-Easter Nazis have virtually expelled handbills were distributed and a them from the Church. They do few street signs advised the peo- not belong to the synagogue and, ple to keep away from church, unlike the Jews, cannot find in but radio broadcasts ignored the the synagogue or in the Jewish subject. The thirty-five churches communal organizations a haven which are all that remain of the thousand that once dotted Mos- of refuge. -Presbyterian Tribune. cow were filled to overflowing for the Russian Easter, and there Nazi and Soviet Toll of Life were great crowds-some num- bering as high as 2,000-stand- The New York Times recently ing patiently in the churchyards published the results of an anal- in an intermittent drizzle. A ysis made by the Vienna Tele- conservative estimate would be graf of official German figures that 75,000 residents of Moscow showing the toll of life and lib- participated in the Easter cele- erty during one year of Nazi bration. Three-fourths of the rule from June 30, 1933, to June worshipers were women.

So strong is the Easter spirit Survey of the many diverging Sefula, and the foreign missionin Russia that even some good influences and counter attrac- ary work of a native church, communists observed the tradi- tions which follow the inroads of under the teaching and cooperational customs of feasting and civilization in Africa, and their tion of white missionaries, bevisiting, only the Easter cakes effect upon the African's re- gan. This event Europeans and were not blessed by a priest. sponse to the Gospel. He says: natives will commemorate, each -New York Times. There has never been so much zeal in their own way. The Euro- pean memorial will take the form AFRICA manifested on the part of native lead- of a marble tablet at Sefula to ers and teachers for reaching the lost. Land of the Blind Never before have the laymen shown Coillard who labored 43 years in South Africa. The natives wish An Arab paper, EI-Ahram, such a desire to do personal work and to erect an obelisk with their last year stated that Egypt to witness for Christ. Many have might aptly be called "the land been so Spirit-filled that they have own labor on the spot where his of the blind." Figures justify wagon halted. -Life of Faith. gone from house to house and from village to village in groups, holding meetings, talking to individuals and this statement. There is more seeking the unsaved. Hundreds of backsliders have returned to the Lord Glad to Be a Leper blindness in Egypt in proportion and rededicated their lives to him. Among forty-nine dismissed to the size of the population than Last year was the banner year in in any other country in the soul-winning. There were 4,398 bap- as free from leprosy from the world. The above – mentioned tisms reported. A convert is not bap- Elat station last year was Rev. paper gives the following start- Ndenga Pipa, the second oldest ling figures regarding the num- tized immediately upon conversion. native minister in that district. ber of blind persons per thou- Before he is received into the church For many years he served as a sand of the population in several by baptism and admitted to the com- preacher of the Gospel. When important countries: the discovery that he was a leper munion table, the convert must prove sentenced him to live in the leper Egypt…………………. 12.0 himself worthy of the fellowship. colony, he said, "I give God Russia, India, and Japan. . . . . 1.4 Here are some of the requirements: thanks that He has sent this Italy, Spain, Bulgaria …….. 1.1 (1) To be able to explain the plan thing to show me more fields to England, Switzerland, Rumania .7 labor in for Him." After a France, Germany, America … .6 of salvation; (2) faithful attendance Austria, Holland, Belgium …. , .4 upon the catechumen classes and church services; (3) bring at least one soul to Christ; (4) regular con- tributor to the church; (5) memorize the Catechism and pass examination The number of totally blind in same (this is not required of the matchless record of helpfulness persons in Egypt is given as old people); (6) be able to read, if to his fellow leper patients he 148,000, while the number of has now returned to his former those partially blind reaches a only slightly, from the Bible. The ministry in the towns along the much higher figure. For the ma- real test, of course, is the acceptance Cameroun coast. jority there is no recourse ex- of Jesus as Saviour, and the testimony of the believer's life in the village -Without the Camp.

where he lives.

cept charity of relatives or of the A Notable Jubilee In Nyasaland public. Until recently there was In August at the town of Nyasaland, for the small size less public activity on behalf of Sefula, Barotseland, Northern of its population, is well supplied Rhodesia, it is proposed to cele- with an assortment of missions, the blind than in almost any brate the Jubilee of an event the largest being the Protestant other country in the world. For unique in missionary incidents missions of the Church of Scot- of the nineteenth century – the land and of the Dutch Reformed the 74,000 blind in Japan there establishment of a foreign mis- Church of South Africa, and the are 20 schools; for the 72,000 in sion by an indigenous Church, Roman Catholic. The Emmanuel itself little more than half a cen- Medical Mission touches that of America, 100; for the 25,000 in tury delivered from heathenism the Church of Scotland in the England, 45; for the 150,000 in and cannibalism. Rev. Francis south and the north, and in 1926 Egypt, one! Mention should be Coillard, of the Paris Evangel- these two missions effected a ical Missionary Society, had im- union of their native churches made of a few isolated efforts to pressed upon the infant Church and formed the Church of Cenhelp individuals or groups of of Basutoland, where a Mission tral Africa, Presbyterian, which was founded in 1833, that no now has about fifty native pasblind persons which are under- Church could claim to be a liv- tors. The prevailing religion of ing one if it did not carry out the country is pagan, steeped in taken by members of differ- our Lord's last command to– go superstition and fear of evil ent missionary organizations in into all the world and preach the spirits, but there are many Egypt. The government has Gospel. A native suggested that splendid Christians. God must intend them to go to now opened a home for blind beggars, and is also working at Barotseland, as they spoke the Educational and evangelistic same language, although a thou- work take preeminence over the a scheme for the unification of the work among the blind, and its extension so as to benefit all blind persons in Egypt, whatever their age or class.

-E. M. M. S. Quarterly.

Response to the Gospel R. F. Cleveland, of Congo sand miles away. In August, medical, although there are three BeIge, writes in the Presbyterian 1885, Coillard's wagon halted at doctors for the twelve stations.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Hospitals are small and primi- churches were grouped into there good fellowship, excellent tive. The Church of Scotland· three District Councils made up teachers and special features, has the largest mission hospital of the pastors of the churches of such as courses in social hygiene, in Nyasaland. the respective districts, and a that are not available elsewhere. number of elders in proportion Even state officials have decided -Edinburgh M. M. Quarterly. to the m e m b e r s hip of each to keep their sons in Irwin church. The three District School. WESTERN ASIA Councils in turn elect five dele- gates each to a Synod that is to "To my great surprise," Turks Adopt Sunday meet biennially. writes Mr. Gorde, "two or three educated guardians said to me, The National Assembly, on A Christian convert· from 'The only hope of our country is May 28th, discarded a centuries' Islam, who at one time was an Christianity. We shall remain old tradition by adopting a bill important government official, Hindus, but we think the day which makes Sunday instead of was elected moderator and an- will come when all India will be Friday the weekly sacred day of other convert from Islam was Christian, because there is no rest in Turkey. elected secretary for the meet- real hope in Hinduism.' ing and for the two ensuing President Mustafa Kemal Ata- years. A proposal was sent "One state officer said to me, turk has struck many hard blows down to the churches for ratifi- 'I want only Christian teachers in recent years at Mohammedan cation providing for two ranks and a Christian school for my practices, depriving the priest- of clergy, one of lesser qualifica- son because of the healthy atmoshood of rights they had exercised tions whose offices will pertain phere and outlook on life.' Anfor centuries. His actions have only to local churches, the other other ret ire d officer says, resulted in several plots for his of higher qualifications whose 'Whether we are actually bapoverthrow. offices will be accepted through- tized or not, we have received out the church. A committee Christ, and the biggest thing in Friday is said to have been was elected to handle ad-interim life is Christ. I want my sons chosen by Mohammed as the day business with a special view to to be real followers of Christ.' " for obligatory religious gather- the assistance of the weaker ings in memory of the creation churches. The school's enrolment is 290; of man. -Associated Press. Christians, 80; non-Christians -Near East Bulletin. of all castes over 200. New Movement in Palestine New Ideas for Pathans -Western India Notes. A Hebrew Christian in Palestine, Moses Immanuel Ben- The plan devised by Amanulla Telugu Caste Movement Maeir, writes of a movement of Afghanistan to found a uniamong Palestinian Jew s to versity in his country is to be The author of "Christian Mass thwart Christian missionary realized by the establishment of Movements in India," Rev. J. work. It is called Merkaz, and a new institution in the new city Waskom Pickett, is in charge of has been in operation for the last of Darelmann, five kilometers a High Caste Movement Survey two years, but recently has be- from the capital, Kabul. Lec- which is taking place in South come very aggressive. Its mem- tures are already being given by India. He now estimates the bers proclaim that sending chil- French and German professors, baptized caste people up to date dren to Christian schools, at- and groups of Afghan students in this Caste Movement as about tending missionary clubs, clinics are being sent to Europe for edu- 30,000, and that this number is and evening schools are treason cation. On the other side of this being augmented at the rate of against the Jewish national frontier Peshawar is also to have at least 4,000 a year. He reports hom e. S u c h proclamations its university which will mean a about 3,500 unbaptized but enfrighten many away from mis- new standard of education for rolled catechumens; and thinks sions and Christian institutions. the Pathan peoples. The Islamia that the number of converts in So far, medical and educational College already existing is being 1934 may have been as high as missions still have a large at- raised to university standard. 5,000. It is largely through the tendance. Heretofore, the Mer- witness of transformed lives of kaz has dealt leniently with such -Near East Bulletin. outcastes who have become Jews, but now it threatens to Christians that this ingathering use hard measures aainst them. INDIA-BURMA has come.

-Moody Institute Monthly. Christian School Preferred Toward Church Union Union in North Persia Mr. Gorde, of Irwin Christian Substantial progress is being High School, Kolhapur, writes made toward union in North In- The Evangelical Churches of that although two new high dia. The j oint council of repre- North Iran completed a union schools have been opened, one sentatives of the Methodist Episorganization I a s tAu gus t. for Marathi boys only, both par- copal Church, the B apt i s t Twenty-four churches were rep- ents and boys prefer the Chris- Churches and the United Church resented with a total member- tian school because they find of Northern India had its first ship of about 2,500. These meeting over three years ago,

and several committees have of Rangoon. In the dry season all, the radiant faces of those been at work on important points they sleep on the walks or under who two years ago had never involved. Their deliberations the night bazaar stalls. One is heard of Christ. reached the stage where a Coun- left to wonder where they sleep -Baptist Missionary Review. cil was called in Allahabad in on rainy nights. They rummage February to go over the ground. through the garbage cans on the Indian Tribute to Missions The three most important re- streets for their main susteports presented were on the nance and steal when they can. Once again the people of India statement of doctrine, the min- The Y. M. C. A. is taking the have paid tribute to Christian istry and polity. The council de- lead in a project whereby a missions. Sir Mirza Ismail, bated long over a formula on group of societies have banded prime minister of Mysore, at the baptism which would make op- together to provide a home for centenary celebrations of the tional the choice of mode and the them, and are trying to provide Wesleyan Mission High School, baptism of infants, in order to decent living conditions. The Bangalore, said: "They (the meet the convictions of the Bap- children are being taught useful Christian missions) have been a tists. As to the ministry, only occupations. The Street Boys' potent factor in promoting the one order – that of "elder" or Refuge Society is also trying to cause of education and the "presbyter" was contemplated. help these waifs. -Missions. spread of enlightenment and cul- The report on polity set forth in ture in the state, as indeed in detail the representative bodies Volunteer Ohristian Service India as a whole. Missionary or courts proposed for the colleges and schools have been Church. It was found that the Dnyanodaya, Indian Christian valued and honored partners United Church and the Meth- weekly, extends an invitation to with governments in this imporodist Episcopal Church have Indian Christians to write a tant field of national developsimilar bodies, but this subject paper on "Volunteer Christian ment. One has only to turn to requires further study and ad- Service" or lay leadership. The institutions like the Christian justment. It is hoped that more main purpose of the paper College in Madras, the Wilson definite steps may be taken at should be to frame a practical College in Bombay, the Forman the next meeting in December. program of Christian service College in Lahore, and the Scot- that may be rendered by men tish Churches College in Cal- -Dnyanodaya. and women who do not receive cutta; and to recall the names salaries or sub sid i e s from of Duff, Wilson and Miller, to Baptism in Lushai Hills church or mission; and to give realize the magnitude of the con- stimulus and inspiration for tribution which Christian mis- The Christian Church is mak- such service. The paper may in- sions are making to modern ing notable advance in the South clude Biblical material and ex- India." Lushai Hills. There were 698 amples from India or other counbaptisms during the year, of tries, but this should bear upon Sir Has san Suhrawardy, which 129 were from Christian the practical problem of main- former vice-chancellor of Calfamilies and the rest from non- taining and expanding the work cutta University, thus appealed Christian homes. The member- in towns and villages with dimin- to women medical students: ship is now 6,019, out of a pop- ished financial resources. The ulation of 26,217, and there are service in view may be evan- I sincerely hope that the great exnearly 10,000 Sunday school gelism, conducting services, Sun- ample of women doctors sent out by scholars. The Boys' Day School day schools, Christian Endeavor, Christian missionary institutions of has had an enrollment of 157. etc., as well as all kinds of social Europe and America, working in un- Four pastors and seven evan- service and rural reconstruction. known parts of the country, facing gelists are supported by the hazards and hardships, will inspire funds of the Baptist "presby- New Ohurch Organized our Indian women-who I know are tery" without any deficit, and not behind so far as compassion and many of the members have given February 17 was a Red Letter self-sacrifice go-to take to the medlabor for the building and repair Day for the Vizagapatam Bap- ical profession and enrich the country of their chapels. The sale of tist field. On that day a new by a selfless example of service in Scriptures and other literature this direction.

-Christian Century.

in Lushai has increased con- church was organized at Sun- Forward in Lower Burma siderably, and choir festivals kurimetta eight miles beyond have become a notable feature of Anantagiri, and 3,808 feet above For several years past the Lushai life. The Spurgeon can- sea level. It is the third church Pwos have been praying that ten tata drew great crowds, and the to be organized in this field in thousand new members should Carey Centenary was celebrated the last four years. be added to their churches in ten with a special demonstration. It was a memorable scene- years. Two years ago the Bas- -Baptist Missionary Herald. the matchless mountain scenery, sein Association reported 800 the triumphant hymns, examina- baptisms; the past year they The Streets Their Home tion of 18 candidates for bap- have had 1,000, while in one sec- It is estimated that more than tism, the organization of the tion 500 more are waiting for 2,000 children live on the streets church with 67 members; above baptism. A sprinkling of Bur-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

mans are coming into the numbers, and very few are en- corps. These bands have agreed churches with the Pwos. tering, because of the large en- to go out preaching the Gospel trance fee of over $40. This has at least once a week. The movement has been aided resulted in a record breaking especially by the activity of lay- number of removals in some of -So S. Times. men who have gone out to win our churches. their neighbors. In one place, a Robber Becomes Evangelist Pwo trained as a doctor in CHINA America returned to labor for When Dr. Sherwood Eddy his village, and it is now called Some Basic Facts visited Amoy sixteen years ago, "Health Hill." Another studied there was a man there with a agriculture in America, returned Rev. H. E. Etter, a former price on his head; he had been to his village and it is now called Baptist missionary in Peiping, leader of a robber band for ten "Pleasant Hill." gives six basic facts regarding years. During the first meeting China. 1. One person in every he cut a hole in the mat shed Cooperative Credit Societies four in the world is a Chinese. roof, and through it watched and are helping the new converts to Their population is increasing at heard Dr. Eddy attack officials keep their heads above water the rate of 10,000,000 every and others who were robbing the economically. An agricultural three years. people. This man said to himgraduate took ten acres and self, "I am a robber. I am robfarmed it himself as a demon- 2. Six-sevenths of the people bing China. I must stop!" He stration; he produced over 600 live on one-third of the land be- could not sign his name on the baskets of excellent paddy – a cause much of the area is unsuit- card as a convert, but secured a higher yield than any of his ed to agriculture; therefore the worker to sign for him. After neighbors had. After selling his density of population is as great Dr. Eddy left he joined the crop, and paying all expenses he as 800 per square mile in some church and served as a volunhad a net profit of Rs. 150. He sections. teer preacher. Among other then put the ground in beans, things, he resolved to win as chick peas and sugarcane, with 3. The nation is about ninety many into the Christian life as a vegetable garden in addition. per cent rural; 300,000,000 live he had killed, and began work Other sections have asked for a in villages. for robbers and pirates right in similar demonstration, offering the home district. More than to provide the land. 4. Fifty per cent of the peo- 100 joined the church as a re- ple have not enough to eat and sult. There were two villages -Brayton C. Case. wear. whose residents had for genera- tions followed robbery as a pro- Siam's National Church 5. The people are illiterate (at fession; he reached thirty of least 85 per cent), industrious, their leaders and the villagers Rev. Kru Pluang, first mod- patient, thrifty and superstitious have given up robbery for farmerator of the National Christian in general. ing. This Christian worker can- Church of Siam, is genial, wise not write yet, but he keeps a and discerning, and withal a cap- 6. Two-thirds of the Protes- record by getting someone to able leader. He has been travel- tant churches of China have write down their names. He ing over the country in an effort been established in villages and then draws a rough picture of a to see how best to use greatly small towns. The Christians tree with branches, on which he reduced funds and forces. The number about 1 in 1,000 of the indicates the fruit he finds dework at Chiengmai is very en- population. veloping in their lives. couraging. Many new families were coming into the church Watchman-Examiner. Traveling to Amoy to hear from at least sixteen different Dr. Eddy at his recent meetings villages. Bible Vacation Schools A Chinese "Billy Sunday" he met two strangers on the were held with the usual inter- launch and induced both to beest and success in several coun- Dr. John Sung, an American come Christians. try centers. educated Chinese scientist, now connected with the Bethel Gos- -Chinese Recorder. The Prae City Church is now pel Bands, has been holding listed with the churches entirely evangelistic meetings in Nan- New War on Narcotics self-supporting. T h r e e other king, China. Great crowds have churches in the Prae field pro- been in constant attendance. The The Chinese Government has vide the most fruitful centers of Friends' Mission Church has a declared a six-year war against the evangelistic work of the sta- seating capacity of 500, yet one opium and drugs, and is attacktion. They raise 40 per cent of night by actual count there were ing the evil with military measthe pastor's salary. The two 1,070 within the church. ures. Both the traffic in nargroups at Hoi Rai received 28 cotics and their use are now on confession of faith last year, Fifty evangelistic bands have crimes, and the death penalty and. eleven by letter. already been organized, aver- may be applied. Since the for- aging four or five members to mer policy of prohibition did The Chinese in Siam are re- each band. Ten of these are not give satisfactory results, the turning to China in rather large from the Friends' Church and School. Some come from the University of Nanking and the university hosp~tal n u r sin g

menace is to be tackled by cap- Unity Discussed Margaret Williamson Hospital turing territory progressively; Last January, six denomina- Anniversary in Chekiang, Kiangsu, Fukien, tions (out of the 13 invited) Anhwei, Hupeh, Hunan, Kiangsi, sent representatives to a confer- On May 11th, the Margaret Honan, Hopei, Shantung and ence on church unity which met Williamson Hospital, pioneer Shansi an order has been issued in Shanghai. These denomina- American medical missionary infor immediate prohibition of tions were the Church of Christ stitution, completed 50 years of poppy .cultivation. This will not in China, Methodist Episcopal service to the Chinese commube applied to all provinces at Church, Methodist Episcopal, nity in Shanghai, and the annionce because in some areas the South, Methodist Church (Eng- versary was appropriately comshift cannot be peremptorily lish) , (Northern) Baptist Con- memorated. S tar tin g from made from poppy to grain culti- vention and the North China humble beginnings, the hospital vation. The government is pro- Kung Li Hui. The desire of the has grown during the 50 years viding facilities for curing ad- conference to promote fellowship to include a general hospital, madicts. This treatment is com- as a preliminary to developing ternity hospital, the Women's pulsory, but the cost is made some sort of proposal for the Christian Medical College and a light and may be reduced to promotion of Church Unity grew training school for nurses. It nothing if necessary. These cor- in clarity and intensity as the has accommodations for 200 parective institutions have already meeting progressed. One mem- tients, but plans are under way been opened in Shanghai, Peip- ber of each communion present for expansion. Several clinics ing, Nanking, Tientsin and other made a statement of his own are maintained. cities. In Kiangsu alone there understanding of its general atare some twenty. In Shanghai titude towards the question of Th€ hospital is supported by 732 addicts were treated in about church unity, considered from the Southern Methodists, Northtwo months; in Peiping 283 the viewpoint of possible organic ern Baptists and the Women's were discharged cured in sixteen unity. Reporting for the Amer- Union Missionary Society in the days. -Chinese Recorder. ican Methodists, Dr. C. Lacy United States, together with con- said that a commission favors tributions raised among Chinese Answered Prayer the following order of steps and for e i g n supporters in thereto: Union of Methodists, Shanghai. TibWetraitninsgtatifornomopenKedwesiixtehy~arsa North and South; union of all ago, Mr. G. A. Bell gives a strik- Methodist bodies in China; and -China Weekly Review. ing instance of answered prayer: union with other Christian bod- ies offering opportunity. The Hainan's "New Deal" J~ly 18-Prayed definitely for im- Southern Methodists were remedIate answer regarding a Tibetan ported to have little interest in H. F. Burkwall, Presbyterian teacher. medical missionary in Hainan, organic union but much in prac- writes of the attempt to inaugu- July 19-"Renowned" turns up on tical cooperation. Practically rate a "New Deal" for missions initial visit, and after some conver- the same stand was taken by in China, in the form of a projsation agrees to come tomorrow. the Baptists. The discussions ect plan which is an attempt to give the Chinese the degree of July 20-He comes as promised and autonomy for which they have we all read with him. "Renowned" is been asking for so long at every the name of the priest who suddenly missions conference or other re- ligious assembly attended by dropped in from app agraernmtleyntnso. wheHrie~ dressed in ragged voice is gentle and his demeanor quiet brought out some of the lines Chinese delegates. The plan if not shy. There is a fineness about him rarely seen in priests. With all along which some churches are, has already been tried in a small this, were we not taking a risk in hir- consc~ously 0 r unconsciously, degree, but at first has threat- ing a teacher so quickly? But tchaemn~ drawmg nearer to each other in ened to work a hardship among the prayer for definite answer practice. native workers. The pas tor seemed to take it as a challenge to mind, and there the matter rests. Finally, the conference unan- to the church members of Hai- imously expressed its convic- nan to put the church on a self- The more we have to do with him, the tion as follows: supporting basis. He said that if each one gave only $1.00 silver more we desire his conversion. He is We find ourselves united in our to the support of the church, the loyalty to Jesus Christ, and in our a fair scholar and feels the shame of earnest desire to become so united to the contempt that is put on his monas- tery by others, on account of its low standing. His aim seems to be to earn a. few doll~rs whereby he can improve hIS educatIOn, and thus help bring the Christ that the result may be an or- synod would have almost enough monastery into higher respect. This i~, at least, a considerably higher mo- ganic union of all Christian bodies, we to run the schools in the country districts, pay the evangelists, tIve than most of the priests have. believe that the time has come when some definite action is not only de- and keep up the many chapels We pray that as he is brought into sirable but necessary. scattered throughout the island.

touch with us that he will gain a yet That statement became the preamble to a set of resolutions higher motive. Only today I had a through which the delegates Some one has estimated that the pledged themselves to work. average Chinese earned less than long talk with him on Christianity. $60 per year, so that the giving He admitted that after all his works of $1.00 a year represents a real of merit he had not attained peace and that he needed a Saviour. '

-China's Millions. -Chinese Recorder. sacrifice. -Board Letter.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

JAPAN-CHOSEN ital, Hsinking, is soon to be elder, my Bible woman and I, erected. The quadrennial Gen- and a few other Christians gath- Letter of Good Will eral Conference will meet in ered at the home. Most of the Tokyo next October. things had already been heaped An open letter of friendship together in the courtyard. First to the Japanese, signed by 301 -The Christian Century. we sang a song-a prayer for American religious leaders, was the Holy Spirit's presence; then made public in Japan on May 3d. Suitably Named the pastor read a selection show- The message was sent because of ing Christ's power over demons. "the failure of the widespread A Korean village has adopted This was followed by prayer that protests from churches and a new name-"The Lord-Believ- as the evil spirits were driven peace organizations to secure the ing Place." Practically every out, the Holy Spirit would come cancellation of the naval maneu- resident of the village is a Chris- in and make His abode in the vers which begin in the North tian, so, say they, why not call home. Then everything that had Pacific today." the town what it obviously is? been collected was set on fire. The things they burned included The message asserts that "we -Presbyterian Tribune. ribbons of strong paper knotted are strongly opposed" to the fleet together, pieces of dress matemaneuvers "because they can Mass Marriages rials, or garments, rice in brokhardly escape misinterpretation en jars so old that it had turned by sensation mongers and indi- Here is an example of perfect to powder, and handfuls of dried viduals in each nation who are cooperation. The parents of twigs. in a position to profit from the ten young Korean couples who creation of fear and suspicion." wished to get married agreed to "While the burning was going The message informs the Jap- contribute 15 yen each for a wed- on, the church bell rang for eveanese people that "many thou- ding at one time in one place, ning service. What a contrast sands of our citizens, especially and from the amount thus saved was its joyous note to the scene those who constitute the mem- a liberal contribution was made in front of our eyes!" bership of our churches and toward a new church building. synagogues, have pro t est e d This was in Kochang; of the 20 Poor Boys' Club against the holding of these ma- young people seven brides and neuvers." It invites the Jap- four grooms belong to the church Wonsan Y. M. C. A. has a new anese people to "unite with us in there. There was no competi- activity – a club for poor boys redoubling our efforts to main- tion in presents given, and no only. There are about 50 memtain our historic friendship, and rivalry as to which would be the bers from ten to sixteen years of in opposing every effort that is best dressed. age. Most of them spend the likely to lead to mistrust between day going about with a basket or our peoples." All the brides and grooms pail picking over garbage recep- then arose and the minister gave tacles, coal heaps and other Among the signers are four- them a solemn exhortation. The dumps. An exceptionally good teen bishops, many college presi- name of each groom and the day's pickings would net about dents, ministers and rabbis of name of his bride were read and five sen. All are extremely poor, leading congregations, editors of the question put to the grooms. and many live in dugouts and the religious press and other In unison, they said, "I do." The tiny shacks on the outskirts of leaders. questions were likewise put to the city. Parents for the most the the brides and their answers part are appreciative and the Methodists Pass 40,000 Mark given. All was done in a quiet, youngsters themselves are en- dignified, serious spirit. Prayer thusiastic. The really incor- The east and west Conference was offered and the officiating rigible boy soon drops out and of the Japan Methodist Church Korean pastor pronounced so disappears and the others take held annual meetings during and so man and wife, in the every chance they get for mak- March, one in Kyoto and the order of the positions in which ing something out of life. They other in Tokyo. More than 500 they were standing. Asked if were rounded up for a bath one pastors are now on the rolls of they wished to make any pres- evening. A good-hearted baththe two Conferences, and the ents to their brides, several of house keeper near by sent his church's membership has passed the grooms came to the pulpit regular guests away early, and the 40,000 mark. Sunday school and laid down an offering to gave a special price of a sen and attendance has declined some- God. -George S. McCune. a half each for our boys. Of the what in the past two years, and forty-two boys who took the there are other signs o.f spiritual Fetish Bonfire plunge only five had ever had a lassitude in the church. But real bath before. However, great missionary passion is be- Pyengyang News says that Wonsan is on the seashore, and ing shown in the program that while the Women's Bible classes in summer these youngsters calls for the evangelization of were being held, two families splash in the ocean. Manchuria. The first unit of a decided to burn their fetishes. fine Methodist church in the cap- The writer says: "The sun was -D. A. Macdonald. setting when the pastor, an

Fifty New Churches This is not only the first time a ber of sects among them is not World's Sunday School Conven- generally known. Three out- Pyengyang Presbytery's sl?- tion has been held in a Scandi- standing divisions are the Orthogan is for fifty new churches thIS navian country, but also the dox, the Conservative and the year. Each district is taking its farthest north. Deeply conscious Reformed. These three recently assignment seriously. Ten is of the honor, Sunday school appointed a committee to push a the quota for Pyengyang city. workers of Norway are planning revival, and a meeting was held Four of those have been started a cordial welcome to delegates. in New York in April to devise since summer, and four more Norway's King, Haakon VII, has plans for this objective. A resoare in the making. One district promised to act as the Conven- lution was passed with the view whose assignment was four has tion's "guardian." of seeking "to interest the unalready gone over the top with affiliated Jew in synagogue life, five, and with plans for more. What Are Missrionaries? and to assist congregations in Pyengyang also plans a fund their endeavor to enlarge their of 20,000 yen to keep a group We missionaries are sent to membership." of evangelizers continuously in preach some of its less covered districts. -Alliance Weekly. Through all Korea, in nearly Not experience, but redempevery district, they have b~en tion; Christian Congresses setting goals and are workmg definitely toward them. Not economics, but Gospel; No less than thirty-six inter- Not culture, but conversion; national Christian Congresses -Presbyterian Banner. Not reforms, but liberation; will be held throughout the world Not progress, but forgiveness; from the period of May 4th to Lepers' Church ,Destroyed Not social reform, but awak- October 11th of this year. ening; On the night of March 16th, Not a new organization, but a The Executive Committee of ruffians set fire to the church in new creation; the World's Alliance of Y. M. Soonchun Leper Colony, Korea. Not civilization, but Chris- C. A.'s will meet at Geneva from Try as they did, the lepers could tianity. July 12th-20th to discuss prepnot check the fire until floors, We are ambassadors, not dip- aration of the World Conference roof, doors, windows, the new lomats. to be held in India at the end of organ and all the other furni~h­ 1936 or the beginning of 1937. ings had been burned. Mornmg -By Erich Schick, in N eusaw them standing about heart- ruppiner Missionbote. The Continuation Committee broken and in tears. To repair of the Faith and Order Movethe damage will cost $1,250. Fighting Paganism ment will meet at Hindsgaul, This sum the lepers have pledged Denmark, from Aug. 4th-7th, themselves to raise by going The British and Foreign Bible while the Ninth World Convenwithout dinner every Sunday for Society last year added 14 new tion of the International Society two years. translations of the Bible; nine of Christian Endeavor will meet of these were African, three be- at Budapest, Hungary, from The Soonchun C h u r c h has longed to Oceania, and two to Aug. 2d-7th. about 600 members. The follow- Asia. In 1910, the number of ing is a report of the year's languages on the Society's list From Aug. 6th-11th, the 2d work: was 424; it now stands at 692. quinquennial World Conference In circulation and income the of the Churches of Christ (Dis- Baptized this year, 72; Sunday year was encouraging. The ciples) will be held at Leicester, school pupils, 656; teachers (lepers), world figure was 10,970,000 England. 72' Bible school pupils, 105; teachers, copies. In Germany there was 4' ' learned to read, 118; memorized an increase of 19,000 over the A number of international shorter catechism, 40 (4 of them previous year-a significant ad- conferences will be he I d in blind); memorized child's catechism, vance in view of the offensive Switzerland, including the meet- 38' memorized Sermon on the Mount, against Christianity. In Spain ing of the Executive Committee 19' (7 blind); memorized the entire there was an increase of over of the Universal Christian Coun- Gospels according to Matthew and 14,000 copies. In China, 4,296,- cil for Life and Work, to con- Luke, 1 (blind). 000 copies were placed out, as sider pre par at ion s for the compared with 3,902,000 a year World Conference in 1937, which -Without the Camp. earlier. The total income was meets at Chamby-sur-Montreaux £366,000, and e x pen d i t u r e from Aug. 18th-22d, and the Tri- MISCELLANEOUS £364,000. -The Christian. ennial plenary meeting of the World A I I ian c e for Interna- Sunday School Convention in Jewish Revival Planned tional Friendship through the Norway Churches, which meets in the To an outsider, Jewish people same city from Aug. 12-18. The next World's Sunday seem to be a unit, and the num- School Convention will be held in -N. C. J. C. News Service. Oslo, Norway, July 6-12, 1936.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~===–~===–~~~~~~~==—=I.d Modern Trends in World-Religions. The acids of modernity have longer religious in.the old s~nse, and Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 8 vo. indeed disintegrated the ol~ re- that they are religIOUS only In so far 255 pp. $2.50. T~e University of ligions. Only one of the wrIters as they are educational, in so far as Chicago Press. ChIcago, 1935. points out that one of the factors they are teaching men to be more moral and social? And why not During the summer of 1933!1 in this disintegration has been frankly transfer all ~u.r old loyalty. to group of scholars met at the Um- Christian missions _ secondary the new instrumentalItIes of educatIOn which are taking the place of the older versity of Chicago under the he considers it. As a matter of religions as sources of instruction, inauspices of the Haskell Founda- spiration, and consolation? tion and sought to interpret the fact nearly all of the moyements adjustments of six great reli- and important changes. m pr~s­ S. M. ZWEMER. ent-day Judaism, Buddh.Ism, Hmgions to modern life. They ~ade duism, and Islam are dIrec!ly. or The Rediscovery of John Wesley. reports on Hinduism, ConfucIan- indirectly due to the ChrIstIan By George Croft Cell. 420 pp. ism Buddhism, JUdaism, Islam, enterprise. No one can read t~e $2.50. Henry Holt & Co. New York.

and' Christianity and the s e evidence collected by Dr. Denms The thesis of this book is that papers are here ~resented under in his three volumes on "Chris- John Wesley and his message four general tOPICS: Wo~ld !e- tian Missions and Social Prof!- were related directly and ha!- ligions and modern SCIentIfic ress" without realizing that m moniously to Luther and Calvm A..!- thinking ; World Religi.ons and economics, social life, education, and that it is an error to class Modern Social EconomIC Prob- and religious thought, the power Wesley as an anti-Calvinist lems; World Religions and Inter- that transforms was introduced minian. Professor Cell tells m cultural Contacts; The Task of by pioneer missionaries. Dr. the preface of the radical revis- Modern Religion. Under these Carl Clemen, of the University ion of our judgment of Wesley topics the re~igion~ are grouped, of Bonn, wrote recently on the which his studies for twenty-five in each case m a dIfferent order. influence of Christianity on the years have forced upon him. Islam is discussed by Professor non-Christian religions (D e r "The long prevalent and still Martin Sprengling and C~n- Ein/luss des Christentums o:uf current anti-Calvinist interprefucianism by Professor Hu ShIh. andere Religionen, Lei p ZIg, tation of Wesley's message and The writers on Christianity are 1933), showing ho'Y the great ministry was abandoned under Professor Edward S. Ames, of changes in these varIOUS systems compulsion of the facts upwards the University of Chicago; Pro- of thought were largely due to of twenty years ago as equally fessor A. W. Taylor, of Vande,r- the impact of Christianity, di- false to the truth about John bilt University; Professor WIl- rectly or indirectly. In the vol- Calvin and to the truth about liam Ernest Hocking, of .Har- ume before us all this is ignored. John Wesley. Analysis of the vard; and Bishop FrancIs J. The chapters on Ch~ist~anity content of John Wesley's preach- McConnell. The book should give no evidence of ~elIef m the ing made it perfectly clear that have a place on the missionary authority of the ScrIptures, the for fifty-three years he said as shelf next to Rethinking Mis- finality of Jesus Christ, or of ac- extremely little about the human sions, for it has the same hu.man- quaintance with the heart of his- side of saving faith, except istic antisupernatural v I e yv- toric Christianity as expressed man's dire need of it, as he s~id point.· Christianity.is not. dIS- in the creeds. A closing para- extremely much about savlI~g tinguished as essentIally dIffer- graph in Hu Shih's paper on the faith as God's work for us m ent from other religions of the future of Confucianism at the Christ and in us by the Holy group: "In their origins both end of the book is very signifi- Spirit. F,urther, the W~s!eyan Christianity and Islam are me- cant. It sums up the impre~­ doctrine of the Holy SpI.rIt, ~o dieval Mediterranean monothe- sion one would gather from thIS conspicuous and controlllI~.g m isms." The various religions are comparative study of religion. the Wesleyan theology, SImply stood for and summed ~p the viewed as "facets of the same So we have the Y. M. C. A.'s and the true objectivity and realIty of crystal; soil, roots, pith, wood, Y. M. B. A.'s. But why not drop the bark branches, leaves, etc., of third initials? Why not frankly rec- our communion with God. It th' t " ognize that all these movements are no was indeed something of a sure same ree. . Any of the books noted In these coIumns will be Bent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[381 ]

prise from the standpoint of the from the pen of a missionary in and this number had increased Arminian tradition about Wes- Korea under the Southern Meth- to 125,479 in 1930, a seventy ley to discover that he had con- odist Board. per cent increase. sistently and categorically denied the doctrine commonly re- Dr. Wasson confines his dis- The value of the book consists ferred to him, namely, that a cussion almost entirely to the in the fact that coming, as it man can of himself by the pow- does at this time when Protesers of his free will produce or work of the mission with which tant missionary work in Korea generate this faith in his own he was connected and for this has just passed its fiftieth milemind; rather, since man is by reason it would have been better stone, it calls attention to some nature evil and incompetent to restrict the title to make it of the methods pursued and both to think and do good, it is points out a number of the local altogether necessary that saving conform to the limited scope. factors which have contributed faith as the first principle of all The purpose, as stated in the to the rapid growth of the Christian experience should be preface, is "to explain an im- church in Korea. These factors wrought in Him by the Holy portant but little understood really constituted a singularly Spirit. True genuine Christian phase of the Church in Korea, providential preparation (alfaith is in its totality the gift namely, the marked fluctuations though the author does not say and work of God." so) for the introduction of evan- in its rate of growth." Five of gelical Christianity into Korea. If Professor Cell had not in- the eight chapters the author dedicated that his view of Wesley votes to a discussion of his prob- C. S. HOFFMAN. and of the Christian Gospel had lem; the first two are introducrun back these years into the Toward the Sunrising. By B. H. past one would have been tempt- tory and the last is entitled, Brunner. 279 pp. $1.50. Cokesed to see in this fascinating book "Summary and Conclusions." another evidence of the influence bury Press. Nashville, Tenn. of Karl Barth, but Professor The main discussion is con- Cell's line has evidently been his fined to the years between 1910 A series of fourteen sermons own. It is a very fresh and and 1930, a period which the vivifying word which he speaks, author maintains include five by a Southern preacher who has clear and positive like Profes- cycles in the development of the sor E. Lewis's "Christian Mani- church when rapid growth alter- a stimulating style which occafesto." It is significant to have nate with periods of decline. His these two books, so emphatic in explanations and conclusions are sionally rises to the brilliant. their reaffirmation of the his- a matter of opinion. toric evangelical faith, coming Because the Old Testament has from the two leading Eastern The book contains a number schools of Theology in the Meth- of statements to which the ma- rich imagery in those passages odist Church. jority of missionaries in Korea today would take exception. For that speak of sunset and sunrise, Professor Cell writes with example, on page fifteen the great clarity and with a style of statement is made that the the series before us tells of the originality and power and with a supernatural element in the Gosfull acquaintance with the ma- pel, which was such an asset to sunrise and sunset in the lives of terial embodying Wesley's doc- the pioneer m iss ion a r y in trine. He has earned the right preaching to the Koreans, has to- the patriarchs and prophets, to the title of his book and he day become a liability and the has thrown a bridge across from intimation is that C h r i s t ian e. g., "The Sunset of an Old his own church to the churches workers in Korea today no of the Reformed faith. Books longer hold this view. Person- Faith," "The Sunset of Selfishlike this and Professor Lewis's ally, I bear testimony to the fact are the best contribution that that in my twenty-five years of ness," "A Sunrise wit h 0 u t can be made to the cause of service in Korea I have never unity among those who look to known the people so ready to Clouds," "The Sunrise of Jus- God to save men and not to man hear and accept the Gospel with to save himself. all its supernatural meaning as tice," "The Sunset of the Proph- taught by the early missionaries. ROBERT E. SPEER. ets," etc. There is a wealth of Another statement which is Church Growth in Korea. By W. A. misleading, unless the author re- quotations from the poets, but Wasson. Published under the aus- fers only to his own mission, is pices of the International Mission- found in the introduction where it is not always apt. We have ary Council, New York. 1935. he says: "There were about as many names on the rolls of the expository preaching of a sort, This book first appeared under church in 1910 as there were in the title, "Studies in the World 1930." In the Korean Presby- but there is an absence of Scrip- Mission of Christianity," and is terian church, which is the largest Christian group in the tural exegesis, and one misses country, the total number of communicants and catechumens the acumen of scholarship. Al- on the roll was 73,184 in 1910 together Dr. B run n e r has availed himself of the great characters of the Old Testament and by putting them on the can- vas of Biblical history, draws lessons for the home, for the Church and the preacher of to- day. S. M. Z.

A Historical-Educational Study of the Japan Mission of the Reformed Church in America. By Stephen Willis Ryder. 173 pp. $2.00. Union Theological Seminary Book Service. New York. 1935.

The Mission of the Reformed Church in America is one of the oldest missions in Japan. Its history therefore includes the

1935] OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF Q83

pioneering period of modern little if anything that the expert product of Haskell and Dawn missions, the period of rapid will find novel, he is expressly Light, the Indian maiden, who growth and that of relationships writing not for that limited class finds a shelter at the mission in with the established Japanese of readers, but for the much time of need. Nick Tumaka is churches. Beginning with Dr. larger number who know little a real character. Years ago the Verbeck, this mission has in- of China but wish to understand writer of this review met him at cluded in its membership a num- what is happening there. Mr. Zuni village where he was known ber of outstanding leaders in the Clark devotes most of his atten- as a "progressive" and eager to Christian movement in Japan. tion to the years of the impact of have his people avail themselves Mr. Ryder, a member ,of this the West on China and to the of education, sanitation, better mission for fifteen years, has changes which have ensued. housing and modern methods of carefully searched through the Very wisely, however, he has agriculture. Later he became a records of the mission, the cor- prefaced this and interwoven it Christian and died in the faith. respondence of the missionaries, with something of China's older His marker is the first tomband other relevant historical history and civilization. His stone in the Zuni cemetery and source material, and then has style is eminently readable. He bears the inscription, "Nick Tusystematically recorded the dif- writes, too, from long experience maka, Ex-governor of Zuni; 'I fering aims and attitudes of the in the Far East and from a fair am the Resurrection and the members of the mission on some familiarity with some of the per- Life.' " of the major issues in mission- tinent literature in English. The As the title indicates Chant in ary policies and programs. For specialist will find it easy to the Night weaves into its narrathe student of missions this book point out errors in fact. Those tive descriptions of outstanding contains much valuable source interested in missions will de- Zuni ceremonials, the Shalako material. Under the title, "A tect a certain bias against that (annual rain dance), the Kokok- Historical Sourcebook of the enterprise and will believe that she, the Koyemeshe, "grotesque Japan Mission," the book is is- it has not been presented in a and awesome," the Priests of the sued for wider circulation among fair light. However, the volume Bow, the legends c en t e r i n g members of the Ref 0 r m e d is, for all these shortcomings, around Toa Yallone (sacred corn Church. In this edition, a chap- one of the better members of its mountain), the coming of the ter on "Contributions of the Re- very numerous family. Corn Maidens, the making of formed Church Mission" has K. S. LATOURETTE. pottery, and other insights into been substituted for the con- the culture and religion of the cluding chapter on "Major Is- Chant of the Night. By C. Kuipers. Ashiwi (Zuni). In the foreword sues" which summarized the 215 pp. $1.00 paper, $1.25 cloth. the author recognizes the diffistudy in the edition under the Zondervan Publishing House, Grand title given above and which was Rapids, Mich. 1934. culties inherent in properly eval- uating the culture of another submitted as a dissertation in While Chant of the Night, ac- race when he says, "This may be partial fulfillment of the require- cording to the author's foreword, a tale half told, as must be the ments for the degree of Doctor "is purely fiction except for its case when one race scrutinizes of Philosophy in Columbia Uni- native setting," it nevertheless and attempts analysis of another versity. A. L. W. gives the reader in attractive race." Mr. Kuiper's presenta- form a comprehensive idea of tion while definitely Christian in The Great Wall Crumbles. By Grover Zuni customs, legends and be- its philosophy and outlook is re- Clark. xvii, 406 pp. Macmillan. liefs. For Chant of the Night is New York. 1935. an Indian mission story which markably free from bias and eminently fair in its portrayal of When an author sets himself, graphically describes not only Zuni life. Too often in the past as has Mr. Clark, to retelling the the trials of an Indian convert the reader of Indian tales of the story of the China of the past but presents the every-day life Southwest has been exposed to hundred years as an introduction of a mission station in the South- gushing sentimentality which to an understanding of the China west where problems of law and sought to idealize the old culture of today, he is attempting a task order, schools, social customs, and spoke deprecatingly of the which has often been essayed. etc., continually face the mis- He finds it next to impossible to sionaries. Here one meets the new. G. E. E. LINDQUIST.

say anything very radically new impetuous Mr. Dirks, the young Suppressing Communist Banditry in either by way of interpretation Mr. Dekman, who with enthuor of a record of facts. How- siasm is ready to try new meth- China. "China Today" Series. Edited by T'ang Leang-Ii. 110 pp, ever, a certain value is to be ods of approach, and the staid profusely illustrated. U. S. $1.50. found in each new book of this but experienced Rev. DeWitt, China United Press, Shanghai, 1934. kind, if, as is this, it is well done. who acts as a sort of balance This first volume of a pro- It at least reaches a fresh body wheel for the entire staff. Inter- jected "China Today" series is of readers with information esting native characters appear, of as great value to China's forabout a land with which the rest especially Nick Tumaka who "in eign friends as to her own peoof the world has much to do. the prime of life had been gov- ple. It presents in clear and doc- While Mr. Clark has said very ernor of Zuni," Ametolan, a umented form the origin, nature,

rise and fall of that variously other leaders and grew ever The Foreign Missionary Enterprise more influential u n til they and Its Sincere Critics. Cleland evaluated movement of recent threatened the very life of the B. McAfee. 190 pp. $1.50. Revell. years, the imported Communism, republic. Dr. Sun and General so enthusiastically welcomed in Chiang Kai Shek awoke in time, New York. and Communism was outlawed. its theory by thousands of stu- But the price of the mistake has God's Christ and God's Book. Archie dents, yet so horribly destructive been heavy, for only now is there Naismith and W. Fraser Naismith. evidence of the halting of the 126 pp. Is. 6d. paper, 2s. cloth. in its practice since its well- scourge and a hopeful beginning trained troops have become the of the enormous work of reha- Pickering & Inglis. London. bilitation in the desolated provmost murderous bandits of that inces. Fortunately many youths A Historical – Educational Study of suffering nation. So interesting have been found ready to sacri- the Japan Mission of the Reformed and enlightening is the account fice their own comfort and gain Church in America. Stephen Willis to organize and administer the Ryder. 173 pp. $2. Union Theothat a reviewer can hardly resist hard labor of reconstruction in logical Seminary. New York. the temptation to quote at length, the wake of the conquered and retreating hordes of pillagers Hot-Hearted. F. I. Codrington. 111 yet must be content to note a few and cutthroats. While the book pp. 28. Church of Zenana Mission. outstanding features. Begin- clearly recognizes the difficulty ning with China's "disastrous of this bandit-suppression, its London. tone is sanely optimistic. heritage" of half a century be- Heroes of the Cross. 96 pp. each. fore the Republic in the steady C. H. FENN. 40 cents each. Obtainable from Zondervan Pub. House, Grand weakening of central authority Helps to the Study of Colossians. and a tendancy toward provin- By W. Wilson Cash. 106 pp. Is. Rapids, Mich. cial authority, which made it im- paper. Church Missionary Society. possible to maintain peace and London. 1935. Series 5 – Jam e s Hannington, Mackay of Uganda, Aggrey the order, the writer makes clear the These brief Bible studies by a reason why Communism has secretary of the C. M. S. are, like African Teacher. been so difficult to suppress. It his notes on Ephesians and Phihas cost six million lives, thou- lippians, devotional, spiritual Series 6-Dr. Frederick Baedeker, and practical. Any earnest Horace Underwood, Art h u r sands of square miles have been Christian student will find them Neve of Kashmir. laid waste and innumerable farm helpful for the light they throw on the Epistle and for the "pre- Series 7 – David Brainerd, Dr. houses and livestock have been eminence" they give to Jesus Grenfell, McCullagh and the destroyed in the province of Christ. Red Indians. Kiangsi alone, several other New Books Series 8-David Hill, Samuel Polprovinces suffering almost as lard, Dr. Apricot of "Heaven heavily. The Communists have Apolo the Pathfinder-Who Follows? Below." A. B. Lloyd. 68 pp. Is. C. M. S. endeavored to enforce a definite London. India Calling-The Memories of Coragrarian policy, one of China's nelia Sorabji. 12s. 6d. Nisbet & greatest needs, but to enforce it Ambassadors for Christ. Mildred by massacre of landlords and by Cable and Francesca French. 160 Co. London. the stirring up of strife and mu- pp. 35 cents; $1.00 paper. C. I. M. tual hatred among the peasants. Philadelphia. Islam for Beginners. Murray T. Titus. 69 pp. Oxworth Book Serv- Instead of the promised peace Christian Realities. Robert E. Speer. ice. India. and prosperity, Communism's 256 pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. progress has meant blood and Life on the Negro Frontier. George fire, barrenness and desperate The Conquest of Cannibal Tanna. A. poverty. The revolutionary pol- K. Longridge. 200 pp. 2s. 6d. R. Arthur. $2.50. 259 pp. Assoicy of the Kuomintang has Hodder & Stoughton. London. ciation Press. New York.

sought the people's good; that of Christ's Alternative to Communism. Modern Trends in World Religions. E. Stanley Jones. 302 pp. $2.00. Edited by Eustice Haydon. $2.50. the Communists has been bent Abingdon Press. New York. 250 pp. University of Chicago on the Bolshevik "WorId Revo- Christ and the Student World. Rob- Press. Chicago. lution," regardless of the fate of ert P. Wilder. 80 pp. Is. Simpthe Chinese people. kin, Marshall, Ltd. London. The Morning I The Night Also. W. J. Maddax. 62 pp. 6d. Pickering Chinese Communism had its Epochs in the Life of the Apostle origin in the student agitations John. The late A. T. Robertson. & Inglis. London. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New York. of 1919, spreading widely from Negro-White Adjustment. An In- Peking University in opposition Ethical Issues Confronting World vestigation and Analysis of Methods to the Versailles Treaty, and the Christians. David Johnson Fleming. in the Interracial Movement in the 280 pp. $2.00. I. M. C. New York. U. S. Paul E. Baker. 267 pp. official traitors disposed to sell $3.00. Association Press. New their country to the Japanese. York. Many publications sprang up, Outline of Buddhism – Great Relisome of them advocating Marx- gions of the East Series. C. H. S. Ward. 149 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth ism. Soviet R u s s i a, avidly watching, professed and prof- Press. London.

fered a unique friendship, intro- The Rediscovery of John Wesley. duced able advisers who were George Croft Cell. 920 pp. $2.50. welcomed by Sun Yat Sen and Holt & Co. New York.

South China Folk. Mary Brewster Hollister. $1.25. 141 pp. Revell.

New York.

Toward a Christian America. Her- mann N. Morse. 206 pp. 60 cents paper, $1.00 cloth. Missionary Edu- cation Movement. New York.

That Other America. John A. Mac- kay. 214 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. .

Word Studies in the Old Testament. B. A. M. Schapiro. 88 pp. 50 cents.

Hebrew-Christian Pub. Soc., New York.

Penon.I Items HAYFEVER 1884 to 1907, then served as corre-

sponding secretary of the Methodist (Concluded from !d cO'IJer.) ASTHMA …. SUMMER COLDS are …….-.,.. Sunday School Board, and afterwards Complete reliel oall: $1.08 postpaid. Nolhi… else to went to the Methodist Book Concern. Social Settlement and leading peace bUJ. 0…., 40…. HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS worker in Germany, but an exile since ….d1.1t Jear alooe. Mail $1.00 tode,.lor lull …….•• ••• theo Hitler revolution, declares that relief to THE DANDEE CO.. 2S2 HENNEPIN AVENUE. "eighty per cent of the pastors of Ger- MINNEAPOLIS. MINN•• or write lor Free BookieL Mrs. Chauncey Brown, former mismany now support the 'Confessional sionary of the Presbyterian Board in Synod' in its defense of Christianity Obituary Note. Hunan, China. died at Raton, N. M., against paganizing influences in Ger- May 13th. Her husband died last Sepmany, and also against the denial of Dr. John Duncan Byrnes, for nearly tember at Liberal, Kansas, while at freedom." Dr. Siegmund-Schultze ar- a quarter of a century superintendent home on furlough. rived in New York at the end of of missions of the Presbyterian Church March from Zurich, Switzerland, of Canada in northern Ontario, and ••• where he now resides. He has come very active in behalf of church union, to deliver the annual lectures on the died at his home in Tillsonburg, On- Lazarus Raikane, native African Rauschenbusch Foundation at the who was associated with Livingstone Colgate – Rochester Divinity School, • • • tario, March 80th. in his 65th year. in the middle of the last century, re- The Rev. John N. West, D.D., who cently died at the age of 100. He Rochester. N. Y. went to India in 1892 as a missionary was baptized by Dr. Samuel Moilatt, of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and later sent to Kanye with Living- *** died in Detroit, Michigan. on April stone. He worked as a local Methodist 29th at the age of 73. He was a grad- preacher in Heilbron district for many . Miss Michi Kawai has returned to uate of Boston University and was years and established a number of Japan with a gift of $1,000 for her for some time principal of Lucknow native schools.

school. ••• • • Christian College. ••• Professor W a 1t e r Livingston • The Rev. Frank Lincoln Moore, Wright, Jr., of the Department of Secretary of the Western Division of History at Princeton University. has The Rev. D. R. Mackenzie, a mis- the Congregational Extension Boards been elected president of Robert Col- sionary of the United Church of Can- died on March 28th. He had been a lege and of the American College for ada, who served for 39 years in Japan, home missionary superintendent from Girls, both at Istanbul, Turkey. 1913 to 1918 and a secretary of the Dr. Wright will assume his new • • died recently at the age of 74. Home Missionary Society from 1918 duties in the Fall after teaching to 1926. He thus spent 22 years in Turkish history and language at a • tireless work in the interest of home seminar on Islamics at Princeton this missions. He was born in July. 1866. summer. Dr. Paul Monroe has been David G. Downey, book editor for president of the two Istanbul colleges the Methodist Church from 1912 to • *• for the last three years and was due to 1928, died at his home in White Plains, retire on June 30th. N. Y., March 8th, at 76 years of age. The Rev. Robert M. Logan, a Bap- Dr. Downey held pastorates from tist nllssionary of Argentina, died on Dr. Wright was graduated from January 22d. He had a remarkable Princeton in 1921 and taught history mastery of the Spanish language and at the American University of Beirut, was recently in charge of the pub- Syria, for several years. lishing house at Buenos Aires.

AN INDEX TO THE TWENTY-FIVE VOLUMES OF THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor Even though you do not possess a complete set of THE MOSLEM WORLD Quarterly, you will want this Index for the following reasons: 1. It contains a complete list of articles by Orientalists and missionaries on every phase of the Moslem problem, such as, the sources of the Koran, the life of Mohammed, the traditions, and Islamic law and dogma.

2. It will contain a complete list of all the litexature published on Islam and Moslem lands, in English, French, German, Dutch and Italian, in the last two decades.

3. Nowhere else can you obtain such an encyclopedic index to all the important articles on the subject in current periodicals.

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Price one dollar (four shillings)

MOTHERLESS

of AH,FONG Motherless, practically homeless, the sons of Ah Fong were brought to Chung Mei to mingle with sixty other Chinese boys in a sympathetic, Christian atmosphere. .Here they get an abundance of fresh air, exercise and play , and are given as fine a public school education as any American lad enjoys.

Becaus~ the great bridge that is spanning San Francisco Bay needed the ground Chung Mei occupied, it was necessary to begin a new home in the sloping hills of EI Cerrito facing the Golden Gate. No money was in sight for the purpose until the boys themselves through their personal earnings and musical programs had .raised enough to buy the land. They also gave money to relieve suffering in China.

Yes, friends have helped to increase the building fund since Chung Mei was condemned to make way for the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge. but $15.000is needed to complete the new Chung MeL Will you help?

Chung Mei is not a reform school or detention .home. It is what its founders intended it should be, an institution which undertakes to provide a Christian home, care and training for under-privileged Chinese boys of tender years—orphans, half-orphans, boys from needy. broken or unfit home~, and the so-called delinque1).t or problem boy-in fact any Chinese boy who has not had a fair chance or a good.start in life.

The Home is the joint project of The American Baptist Home Mission Society. the Woman's American Baptist Home Mission Society and the San Francisco Bay Cities Baptist Union, Dr. C. R. Shepherd, Superintendent.

Send gifts and address inquiries to SAMUEL BRYANTt Treasurer The American Baptist Home Mission Society 23 East 26th Street New York City

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1935

1935

Home Mission Number Restating the Home Mission Task Mark A. Dawber The Changing Frontier in America Hermann N. Morse Problem of Unassimilated Americans W. C. Schaeffer Christianity versus "Isms" Gaius Glenn Atkins The New Day and the Old Gospel Hugh T. Kerr Working Among Migrant Workers Adela 1. Ballard Cooperation and Union in Home Missions .. William R. King The Unchurched Children of America R. W. McGranahan A Re..emphasis of Spiritual Values Paul Dawson Eddy The Need for Christian Education 1. M. Walker The Church and the Unemployed Edgar M. Wahlberg Juvenile Criminals and the Church H. L. Dickerson 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Yea1'

to Remember Dallas, Texas. (Not the Negro School Christian Church, died early in

-Sept. 23-27.) M~s. George J. Fix, at the age of 48, in Dayton, Ohio. He June 9-1~Annual Conference, He- 7041 Tokalon Drive, Dallas, Texas. had been in executive missionary serv- brew Christian Alliance. Buffalo, ice since 1921, and from 1926 until N. Y. Eaglesmere, Pa. June 26-July 3. Cor. 1930 was executive secretary for home Sec.-Mrs. Edith C. Ashton, 1939 missions of the General Christian June 9-15-Church Conference of So- Grant Ave., Bustleton, Phile.delphia, cial Work, Montreal, Canada. Pa. Convention.

June 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- Houston, Texas. October 28-Novem- Mrs. Elizab'"eth'" R'"ustin McCon- vention, Colorado Springs, Colorado. ber 1. Mrs. E. B. Mohle, 2309 Rob- inhood, Houston, Texas. aughey, the wife of Dr. David Mc- June 22-30 – Victorious Life Confer- Conaughey who was for some years ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Lake Geneva, Wis. June 24-July 1. the Y. M. C. A. missionary in Madras, Mrs. Thomas A. Freeman, 5841 July 1-29-Institute of Race Rela- Kenmore Ave., Chicago, Ill. died at her home in Montclair, N. J., tions, Swarthmore College, Swarth- on May 18, at the age of seventy-two. more, Pa. Minnesota (Minneapolis – St. Paul). She was one of the founders of the September 16-23. Mrs. A. F. Au- Y. W. C. A. in India and was greatly July 2-7-International Christian En- guster, 1536 Van Buren St., St. beloved and honored by many mis- deavor Convention, Philadelphia, Paul, Minn. Pa. sionaries and Indian Christians who Mt. Hermon, California. June 29- enjoyed the hospitality of her home. July 4-7 – Conference on Christian July 6 (not definite). Mrs. W. F. Education and the 22d Annual Angwin, 1836 Clemens Road, Oak- Rev. Dr. Wm'". E'". S'"oothill, Profes- Meeting of the Presbyterian Edu- land, Calif. cational Association of the South. sor of Chinese at Oxford University, Montreat, N. C. Mountain Lake Park, Maryland. England, died on May 14 at the age July 31-August 6. Mrs. B. H. Sin- of 74. He went to China as a mission- July 6-14-Victorious Life Conference. cell, 103 2d St., Oakland, Md. Keswick Grove, N. J. ary of the United Methodist Church Northfield, Massachusetts. July 5-13. in 1882 and labored there for twenty- July 10 – 24 – Leadership Training Mrs. Virgil B. Sease, Parlin, N. J. five years, becoming one of the lead- School. Montreat, N. C. ing authorities of the world on Chi- Southern California (Los Angeles). nese life and language. He was born July 16-19-Annual Assembly, Amer- September 23-27. Mrs. Thomas M. in Halifax, the son of William and ican Association of Women Preach- Buley, 800 Rome Drive, Los An- ers. Aurora, Ill. geles, Calif. Margaret Soothill. He was stationed at Wenchow, China, from 1882 to July 20-28 – Victorious Life Confer- Warren, Ohio. September 17 and 24. 1907 and established there churches, ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Mrs. Geo. Konold, 314 Scott St., schools, a hospital and a college. He N. E., Warren, Ohio. was for four years president of the July 24 – 31- Woman's Auxiliary Training School. Montreat, N. C. Winona, Indiana. June 26-July 2. Imperial University of Shensi Prov- Mrs. Lulu C. Hunter, 1021 S. Elm- ince. Among his best known books August 1-4-General Missions Confer- wood Ave., Oak Park, Ill. are "Three Religions of China"; "A ence. Montreat, N. C. Mission in China"; "Life of Timothy Obituary Notes Richard of China"; "A History of August 3-11-Victorious Life Confer- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Rev. T. Matsuyama, one of Japan's China," and "Anelects of Confucius." ~rea~est benefactors, died January 4 August 7-12 – World Convention of m hIS 90th year. In 1871, becoming *** the Disciples of Christ, Leicester, alarmed at the spread of Christianity, England. he began to study it secretly in order Miss Jane Addams, the world-fa- to know how to combat it. His antag- August 11-18-Foreign Missions Week onism changed to faith and with ten mous social welfare worker and peace of the Southern Baptist Convention others he was baptized. He became in the Blue Ridge Mountains on pastor of a church in Kobe which he advocate, died on May 21 aft~r a ma- the Southern Baptist Assembly helped to establish; in 1884 he assist- Grounds, Ridgcrest, North Carolina. ed in a translation of the Bible and jor operation for cancer. She would in 1911 was a member of the com- August 12-18-World Alliance for In- mittee to revise the translation of the have been 75 years of age on Septem- ternational Friendship Through the New Testament into Japanese. Churches. Geneva, Switzerland. ber 6. She was recently awarded a *** August 17-25-Vidorious Life Confer- Nobel prize in recognition of her ef- ence. Keswick Grove, N. J. Dr. David George Downey, mem- forts in behalf of world peace. She ber of the Methodist Board of Foreign August 18-22 – Universal Christian Missions, died March 7th in White was the founder of Hull House, Chi- Council for Life and Work. Geneva, Plains, N. Y., at the age of 76. Dr. Switzerland. Downey had helped to make the Meth- ~ago and had been for the past 46 odist Book Concern the largest organ- August 20-22 – Men's Conference. ization of its kind in the world. years greatly honored and beloved MontTf'at, N. C. *** because of her settlement work for August 22-Seut. I-Bible Conference. Montreat, N. C. Rev. William E. Boggs, Baptist the poor and underprivileged. She has missionary in South India for 42 August 30 – September 2 – Victorious years, died April 6, at Greenwich, been called a "priestess of under- Life Conference. Keswick Grove, Nova Scotia. N. J. standing" and kept open house for * '" '" Summer Conferences and prince and pauper alike. She has been Schools of Missions Dr. H. H. Tilbe, retired Baptist missionary to Burma, died March 4 honored with degrees by many uni- Affiliated with the Council of Women in Cincinnati, Ohio. Dr. and Mrs. for Home Missions and the Com- Tilbe had served under the Baptist versities. mittee on Women's Work of the Foreign Mission Society for 45 years. Most of their work was in Rangoon. Miss Addams was born in Cedar- Foreign Missions Conference '" '" '" ville, Illinois, of Quaker ancestors her DATl!:S AND CHAmMEN FOR 1935 The Rev. Abram W. Sparks, for- father having been a personal f;iend Bethesda, Ohio. July 29-August 2. mer executive secretary for home mis- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson sions of the General Convention of the of Abraham Lincoln. Among the Ave., Moundsville, W. Va. books of which she was the author Boulder, Colorado. June 23-29. Pro- gram Chairman-Mrs. Henry F. are: "Twenty Years at Hull House"; _ Hoffman, 741 Adams St., Denver, "Second Twenty Years at Hull Colo. House"; "Democracy and Social Eth- Chautauqua, New York. August 18- 24. Institute of World Missions, ics"; "Newer Ideals of Peace"; "The Mrs. F. C. Reynolds. 309 Woodlawn Road, Roland Park, Baltimore, Md., Spirit of Youth in the City SWtormeaetns''"~ Chairman. and "The Long Road of Memory."

HAYFEVER ASTHMA and SUMMER COLDS are nnne.essary. Complete relief only $1.00 pOltpaid. Nothing elle to buy. Over 40,000 HOLFORD'S WONDER INHALERS lold Idt year a10n.. Mail $1.00 today for full 1.8IOn'I reUef to THE DAN DEE CO., 252 HENNEPIN AVENUE, MINNEAPOLIS, MINN., or write for Fre. Booklet.

MISSIONARY The next issue of the REVIEW will ~enever

REVIEW OF THE WORLD be .a combined July-August number. If you are to be away from home for the Call comes from DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor the summer please send us your change of address now. EAST OF SUEZ VOL. LVIII JUNE, 1935 No.6 Personal Items sail by Publication and Business Office– Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. Dr. John R. Edwards, Secretary of p&O the Meth()dist Board of Foreign Mis- Editorial and Executive Office– sions; E. M. McBrier, lay member; To whatever part of the East the work 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Dr. Morris W. Ehnes, treasurer, with of the Faith may take you •.• Cunard Entered as second-class matter at Miss Juliet H. Knox, representing the White Star and P & 0 comhine to Woman's Foreign Missionary Society, make the way easy. You cross to Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under sailed from New York, April 20, for England by the largest fleet on the Act of March 3, 1879. North Africa, to study problems con- Atlantic ••• then sail eastward on the nected with the readjustment of Meth- new s.s. Strathnaver or s. s. Strathaird 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. odist work in that fielc;l. or any other fast luxurious P&O liners. Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. . .Thus you use throughout the two Published monthly, except August. *** Lines preferred by travelers since All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. 1840 • •• on the Indian and Pacific British agents – Marshall, Morgan Dr. George B. Dean, for eighteen as well as the Atlantic oceans. Tra- and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, years connected with the Board of ditions of seamanship and service that London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, Home Missions and Church Extension have endured for nearly a century, 10 shillings a year. of the Methodist Church, has retired are your assurance of a safe and because of a serious heart affection. supremely comfortahle voyage. MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ LISHING CO., INC. Dr. Albert *Sc*hw*eitzer, African PENI NSULAR AND ORIENTAL AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS medical missionary, was honored on BRITISH INDIA ROBERT E. SPEER, Pre8ident his sixtieth birthday in Strasbourg, W"M. 1. CHAMRERLAIN, Vice-President where he studied and taught, by hav- STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANIES WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer ing a city park named for him. He DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary has just returned to his hospital at P & 0 liners sail regularly from London to Lambarene, Africa. Egypt, Sudan and the Persian Gulf, to India, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Burma and Ceylon, to the Straits Settle- MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Dr. Homer D*. B*roo*kins has retired ments, China and Japan, to Australia and WM. B. LIPPHARD New Zealand, East and South Africa, ERIC M. NORTH from the editorial staff of the Watch- Mauritius, etc. Convenient through book- JESSE R. W'ILSON man-Examiner. He had served that ings at attractively low fares can be arranged paper and its predecessor, the Exam- by your local travel agent or any office of A. L. WARNSHUIS iner, for 47 years. Cunard White Star Line. Complete informationfrom Your Local Agentor SAMUEL M. ZWE'MER *** CUNARD WHITE STAR Editorial Chat Sir Harold Mackintosh, President of the World's Sunday School Asso- GENERAL AGENTS Here is our Home Mission number. ciation has received a baronetcy from The subject is so vast that only a few King George, who thus recognizes the 25 Broadway New York 638 Fifth Ave. phases of it could be treated in one greatness of this organization. issue. The Indians, Negroes, Mexicans, Orientals, lumbermen, miners, Rev. and Mrs*. G*eor*ge G. Mahy, of mountaineers, West. Indies, Alaska, city slums, prison work, industrial Buckhorn, Ky., have been assigned to centers, Sunday school evangelism and missionary work in China under the religious work in rural districts are Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misall omitted or slightly treated. Some sions. Mrs. Mahy is a sister of Mrs. promised articles were not received in John C. Stam, who, with her husband, time for publication – and one – on was murdered in China December 8. "Christian Youth and a New America," by Roy A. Burkhart, was *** crowded out and will appear in July. This series is, however, varied and Brayton C. Case, an agricultural timely and will well repay study. missionary of the American Baptist Read them and pass them on. Foreign Mission Society, has been presented .with the Kaisar-i-Hind Sil- *** ver Medal for services to practical agriculture in Burma. Mr. Case is A Correction principal of Pyinmana Agricultural Sch,ool. In the frontispiece for our May number (showing some Mohammedan Fifty years ago Dr. Roberts had mosques) there was a transposition crawled on his hands and knees up of titles. The left-hand pictures to that ·same throne to ask permission shows the mosque at Woking, Eng- of the Burmese king to start mission land; the upper right-hand mosque is work among the wild Kachins. Misthat at Mogok, Burma, and the other sion work has now changed this peois that at Srinagar, Kashmir. ple from bandits and robbers into pro- tectors of the peace. *** *** A Word to the W ise~ Dr. Dan B. Brummitt, editor of the "I wish I could afford to have THE Central Christian Advocate, Kansas REVIEW and Women and Missions in City, Mo., was elected chairman of every Presbyterian minister's home of the Editorial Council of the Religious this land. . . . I can't see how any Press, composed of editors of Protminister can keep up his intelligence estant denominational papers. Dr. and interest without these magazines. Guy E. Shipler, editor of the Church- Lack of interest is almost always due to ignorance." (Concluded on third cover.) From a letter to Women and Mis- [257 ] sions from Dr. Frederick G. Coan of MinneapoIis (former mission- ary to Persia).

"Happy Is the Nation Whose God Is the Lord"

UNITE TO WIN AMERICA for CHRIST THROUGH PRAYER WITNESS SERVICE LIFE Present Situation in the United States—The Challenge Total Population,: 134,000,000 Protestant Christian Communicants, 30,000,000 Total Protestant Community, 70,000,000 Roman and Greek Catholic Community, 20,000,000 Non-Church Members (Including Children), 75,000,000 Unconnected with Any Christian Organization, 44,000,000

NARY

REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REvIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER SIX JUNE, 1935 Topics of the Times SAVING THE SOUL OF AMERICA 2. Progress. No land has offered· greater op- Every land has its special resources and culture portunities for progress than has North America. Territorially the United States has expanded from -its heritage and history. The United States of ocean to ocean. No old ironbound customs and traditions have prev·ented development; new ideas .America has been greatly blessed in its tlhoecacthioanr-' and plans have been tested by laboratory methods of its natural resources, in -in government, in education, in industry, in so- III the wealth cial customs and even in religion.

acter of its early settlers, and in its national his- But today the ambition for material progress threatens to cripple and destroy the nation. When tory. In spite of many dangers and difficulties- wealth becomes a great end in itself; when edu- cation leads to the deification of the intellect; or because of the battle against them-the coun- when industry develops into selfish warfare be- tween capital and labor; when statesmanship detry's development has been steady and remark- generates into petty party politics; and when social life takes on the characteristics and customs able, at least for the first century and a half of its of the jungle-then the soul of the nation is lost.

history. Wealth, education, culture, industry, in- 3. Service. Almost every nation seems to have been completely absorbed with its own national fluence, power have increased as long as national problems and with the struggle for existence. From its early years of independence America has ideals and Christian teachings have united to keep offered a haven for oppressed and underprivileged peoples. Not only the development of her own standards high and to develop strength. vast territory but international travel and com- merce and the sending abroad of money and mis- But in recent years the body and mind of Amer- sionaries, have enabled Americans to share their material and spiritual blessings with others. ica have been developed at the expense of its soul. Today many of these streams seem to be drying For America has a soul-a spiritual quality of life up. The desire to protect national industries and to avoid entangling alliances is keeping America that must be nurtured if the body is to be kept from adopting unselfish policies and from full co- operation in international courts. Our doors are healthy and is to function properly for the benefit now almost closed to immigrants and our mis- sionary activities are being curtailed. of mankind. The characteristics and vital reali- ties of the soul of America include: 1. Liberty. When the Western Hemisphere was discovered Europe was passing through the Dark Ages – politically, intellectually and religiously.

North America was settled by men and women who sought freedom to live and to work and to worship God in harmony with high intelligence, great industry and noble ideals. The liberty sought was in harmony with law-particularly the laws of God for the well-being of man.

When licence and lawlessness take the place of law and order-licence in dress, in behaviour, in amusements, in sex relations; lawlessness and laxity in regard to property rights and traffic- laws, in marriage and the sacredness of human 4. Spiritual. America was discovered about the life-then a land and its people lose the privileges time of the Protestant Reformation., The United of true liberty. Is it not time for America to re- States was settled from northern Europe by turn to the high ideals and the practice of liberty sturdy pioneers who brought with them their open in harmony with the laws which God has estab- Bibles and who sought to pattern their lives after lished for the physical, moral and spiritual good the revealed will of God rather than on the lines of all mankind? of humanistic or materialistic philosophies. Pure, [259 ]

monoganous family life in America has been held schools and colleges, irreligion in the homes, athesacred; character-making education has been of- istic propaganda, open immorality and obscenity fered to prepare all for unselfish service; Sunday, in published literature and public exhibitions. as the Lord's Day, has been respected as a day of Parents and teachers who have strict ideas of rest and worship; Church and State have been Christian standards of conduct are referred to by kept separate, not to exclude God and His laws modern youth as "belonging to the stone age," as from the State but to prevent the State from in- hopelessly puritanical or "old fogies." No doubt' terfering with religion. most of these youth do not intend any wrongdoing but they are reckless and like to throw off all When lawmakers lose their spiritual ideals and restraint… As a rule they are not to blame. They their sense of obligation to God; when the Lord's are following the trend of the times, are often Day is commercialized and secularized; when influenced by the teaching and example seen in moral standards in education are lowered, and their homes, their schools and colleges and in when a materialistic social order becomes men's public places. ideal, it means that the supremacy of God is overlooked or ignored. Government, education, in- The great problem of home missions today, is dustry and society, as well as religion, are then on not so much the problem of occupying new territhe toboggan. tory or establishing religious centers among neg- lected pioneers and primitive peoples, as it is the But America still has a soul-a spiritual life problem of manifesting a type of Christian faith and character-as well as a body-to be saved. and life that will be an evidence of its vitality Home Missions represent the effort of Christians and truth, and will attract others to Christ. It to extend and express that spiritual life and char- requires no argument to prove that a noble hisacter in service, according to the will of God as tory or good laws do not insure a strong nation. revealed in Jesus Christ. Until this soul of Amer- It requires also noble, high-minded citizens and ica finds expression in every nook and corner of loyalty to good laws and high ideals. the country, in every phase of American life, in all our laws and institutions and activities-until The great problem of home missions today, as then the Home Mission task of the Church of of every day and every land, is that of winning Christ will not be completed. Nationalism 'may individuals to high idealism, training young and be only a heathen ideal; patriotism may be igno- old to use their powers of body, mind and soul for rant and selfish; Christianity means not only character development and for the benefit of othloyalty to Christ and His program, but unselfish ers, revealing to them the Source of wisdom and devotion to one's country and to the welfare of power that will make their talents and resources humanity in every part of God's world. The effective. What other way is there of solving this home missionary ideal is to bring one's country problem than the Way of Christ. wholly under the control of God. But that ideal can only be realized by the surrender of every THE RECIPE FOR A HAPPY NATION individual and every institution and activity to Many ideals and programs are being tried out Christ. for making a strong, prosperous, happy nation- in Russia, communism and the success of the Five THE PROBLEM OF HOME MISSIONS Year Plan; in Germany, Nazism and the elimi- TODAY nation of all that is non-Teutonic; in Italy, Fas- cism and the development of a powerful central There is no greater problem today than that of government; in Japan, military power and exbringing American life into harmony with the pansion; in China, national unity and the realizaspirit and teachings of Jesus Christ. It is easy tion of Dr. Sun's principles; in India, self-govto recognize the great progress that has been ernment and the development of home industries; made by the United States in the past fifty years in European countries, national security and -territorial expansion and increase of popula- economic prosperity; in America', economic retion, in commerce and manufacture, in wealth and covery and no outside entanglements or interphilanthropies, in education and science–but ference. have we made similar progress in morals and social justice, in Christian character and life? Every intelligent and patriotic good citizen By these latter standards of measurement have wishes to see hi/} country strong and prosperous we gone backward or forward? Judged only by and at peace with the world. He wishes to see church attendance and church membership, sta- his fellow-countrymen free and happy and gaintistics show a numerical increase but proportion- fully employed-a blessing to themselves and. to ately we have been slipping. all mankind. But there are different views as to the guiding principles and the forces that produce More than this, anti-religious and unchristian such a nation and such a people. The all-wise influences are increasing-in the teaching in many

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

and all-loving Creator and Ruler of the universe This effort to persuade Germany to revert to has given clear directions, infallible rules for paganism may lead many astray through false attaining the desired result in personal and na- aims and a vain hope of unity and security. While tional life. Here are a few: all public Christian rallies, Protestant and Cath- olic, were forbidden, more than 15,000 anti-Chris- 1. Happy is the nation whose God is the Lord. Psalm tians recently (April 26th) gathered in the 33: 12. "Sportspalast" in Berlin to attack Christianity and in a less degree to express their sympathy 2. Happy is the man (or nation) whose iniquities are with the plan to organize a Nordic pagan moveforgiven. Psalm 32: 1. ment. Pagan symbols and swastika flags deco- rated the platform. 3. Happy is the man (or nation) whose strength is in God. Psalm 84: 5. While Hitler himself may not openly and direct- ly sponsor the anti-Christian movement, he and 4. Happy are they who do right at all times. Psalm the Nazis are seeking to establish a political, 106: 3. state-controlled Church-making God and His decrees of secondary authority to national laws, 5. Happy is he that has mercy on the poor. Proverbs some even declaring that "Reichsfuehrer" Adolph 14: 21. Hitler is God's spokesman and representative. The new religion seems to consist chiefly in in- 6. Happy is the man (or nation) who maketh the Lord tense German nationalism. Apparently the only his trust. Psalm 40: 4. rites of the Nordic pagan faith consist in a cere- mony for new-born children and a civil marriage 7. Happy are they who hear the Word of God and keep agreement. In the effort to establish a centralit. Luke 11: 28. ized, unified State Church, hundreds of Evangel- ical Christian pastors-700 in one week-have 8. Happy are they who hunger and thirst after right- been jailed or sent to concentration camps. Any eousness. Matt. 5: 6. public mention of these arrests is forbidden. There is also an attempt to bankrupt "confessional 9. Happy are the pure in heart . . . Happy are the churches and clergy" by taxes and withholding peacemakers. Matt. 5: 8, 9. stipends.

10. Happy is the man who keep~th the Sabbath. Isaiah But brute force cannot win over spiritual force. 56: 1. There are millions of Evangelical German Chris- tians who will withstand every effort to paganize 11. Happy are a people saved by the Lord. Deut. 33: 29. them and their children. They are strong, coura- 12. Happy is he who is not offended in me (Christ). geous men and women who know their Bibles and Matt. 11: 6. who have personal experience of the power of Christ. Danger of imprisonment and death can- Disregarding these clear directions and the not intimidate or silence them any more than it plain lessons of history, nations today seek secur- could silence or destroy the Apostolic Church. ity and prosperity through armaments, treaties, "Truth crushed to earth will rise again." Christ human laws and "recovery codes," through regu- is still the power of God and the wisdom of God. lation of crops and prices, by labor organizations and chambers of commerce, by social security acts EARTHQUAKES AND FAMINE-WHAT and increased taxation. At the same time they NEXT? neglect the cultivation of justice, righteousness, brotherly love and Christian education. Is it any Recently, on almost the same day, newspapers wonder that "Icabod" is so often written over were filled with reports of disaster in many parts legislative halls and business marts, over court- of the globe. Formosa, the large island about houses and educational institutions and even over 100 miles off the southeastern coast of China, churches? largely inhabited by Chinese but now ruled by Japan, reported (April 22) a severe earthquake in The Word of God comes to America, as to the which some 2,500 people were killed, nearly 7,000 people in the days of the prophet Isaiah: "Seek homes were wrecked, 250,000 people are reported ye the Lord, while he may be found; call ye upon homeless, and much other damage was done. This him while he is near; let the wicked forsake his is one of twenty-five great earthquakes of the way; and the unrighteous man his thoughts, and present century in which 290,000 people have lost let him return unto the Lord and he will have their lives. mercy upon him and to our God, for he will abundantly pardon." Formosa is a mountainous island about 235 miles long and 50 to 100 miles wide, with a popu- GERMAN ANTI-CHRISTIAN ACTIVITY Recent reports from Germany announce that the seventy-year-old General, Erich Ludendorff, the eccentric military genius of the World War, has appealed to the Teutonic people to abandon all faith in Christ and the Bible and to return to the worship of the Teutonic god Odin-whom he calls the "holy wellspring of German power." General Ludendorff claims that the Hitler drive for German unity and power will not be effective without national unity and that this unity is attainable only by the adoption of a Teutonic god-a legendary being.

lation of some five million Chinese, Japanese and Council to the Belgian Minister of the Colonies aborigines. The principal cities and towns are says in part: on the west coast. This is the island where Dr. The Colony has some 250 doctors. About 165 (of whom George Leslie MacKay, of the Canadian Presby- more than half are foreigners) belong to the official service, terian Church, carried on a very remarkable mis- 15 are in the Catholic mission service, and 50 belong to sionary work a half century ago. His work was the Protestant missions. The medical budget amounts to located in the north at Tamsui (Taihoku), while the English Presbyterian Church occupies sta- 76,000,000 francs. Of this total, Protestant doctors receive tions in the southeastern part of the island. The between 600,000 and 700,000 francs, being about 1%. The 15 Catholic doctors receive all expenses, just as though they were Government doctors; and the 50 Protestant doctors recent earthquake was confined to the west central receive only . . . 1%! Protestant hospitals, dispensaries, residences for doctors and nurses, and their entire equiparea of the island where there are no foreign ment have been paid for by the funds of the Protestant missionaries. missions, whereas all this has been furnished by the Gov- ernment to the Catholic missions. . . . Certain facts On the same day reports came from China that 12,000,000 Chinese are suffering from famine due clearly distinguish our medical work from that of the to drought in eight provinces-Hainan, Anhwei, Catholics: Ours was not established at Government ex- pense; it was not established to compete in any way with and Hupeh suffering most. Many victims are the work of another confession; it has never established said to have been reduced to eating the bark of a medical service in a region already served by a doctor trees, roots and grass, having exhausted the sup- belonging to another confession. In short, it has only ply of dogs and other domestic animals. Women thought of offering to the greatest number of suffering and children are being sold to the highest bidders. humanity the medical care of which before they had been deprived. . . . We know that often the Catholic mis- The central areas in the United States have sions, even with their subsidies provided by the State, been suffering from prolonged drought, followed refuse to receive Protestant patients on account of their by great dust storms that have swept up thou- faith.

sands of acres of surface soil and have carried What, then, is it that we ask? Medicine being a public service, we ask that the Colonial Department follow a the dust as far west as Los Angeles and as far policy inspired by the benevolent impartiality which Beleast as New York. Discomfort and disease have gium has engaged itself to practice in virtue of the Coloresulted from inhaling the dust; traffic has been nial Charter and in adhering to the Treaty of St. Ger- temporarily blocked in some places and large main-en-Laye: that the Government shall "protect and farms have been stripped of fertile soil. favour, without distinction of nationality or religion, all In the midst of these and many other wide- religious, scientific or charitable institutions and enterspread distresses and disasters it would seem that prises.

men, who have prided themselves on their phys- Regarding education the report goes on to show ical conquests, and on their discoveries and inven- how the same discriminatory measures have been tions in the scientific and natural realm, would pursued despite the fact that the Protestant turn from war and destruction to give all their Church has been the pioneer in the field and has energies to constructive activity to establish har- brought great blessing to the Congo. The report monious relations with nature, with one another gives instances where special prestige is given to and with God. The world needs to submit to the Catholic prelates by government's ceremonials to rule of Jesus Christ. impress the natives. It also cites case after case of cruelty practised upon the natives by priests ROME'S GREAT MISSIONARY ACTIVITY in order to induce them to turn Catholics.

The present Pope of the Roman Catholic Church Other reports tell how Roman Catholic mission- is very active as missionary propagandist. No aries are establishing schools and- hospitals near one need to be surprised and none should criticize some of the best Protestant stations in an effort him or his Church for such activity, but there may to draw off the Protestant adherents. Instances be grounds for criticism of Roman Catholic are given where children are intimidated and methods. The Protestant Council of the Belgian even beaten to make them stop attending Protes- Congo recently prepared a protest against some tant schools. The missionary representations to of these methods and against the favoritism the Belgian Government are not complaints shown to Roman Catholic workers and because against legitimate Roman Catholic activity but of discrimination against the work of Protestant call attention to unfair government discrimina- missions shown by Belgian officials in the Congo. tion and to cases of intimidation and persecution. These discriminations have been extremely detri- The present King and Parliament in Belgium are mental to evangelical work-especially to the more inclined to give Protestants fair treatment Protestant mission schools and hospitals-some or and have promised to see that these abuses cease.

which have been established in the Belgian Congo There is a great reason for thankfulness that the for half a century. case of evangelical Christians is in the hands of The document forwarded by the Protestant God. .

the Home Mission

By REV. MARK A. DAWBER, D.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Superintendent of the Department of Rural Work, Board of Home Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church T HE last five years have witnessed the round- church no less than government is called upon to ing out of the first century of organized home face the new demands of these changes. Our mission work in America. Several denomi- planned agriculture and industry to meet the new nations have been celebrating this century of ac- economic and social problems will require a new tivities and achievement. There is probably no home missions to bring to these new frontiers the chapter in American history more thrilling than dynamic of Christianity and unless this can be that which records the exploits of those early done and done quickly, there is grave danger that pioneers who blazed the trail into the American the mould of the new economic civilization will be wilderness, across the Rockies and penetrated into set without the safeguards and guiding principles of the Christian religion.* the far West, keeping pace with the population as it Are the days of pioneering in Home Missions Restated moved ever westward in search of new lands in which home missions past? Is there Home missions must now to settle. A few of these old more land to possess, a need for be restated in terms of presfrontier mission tasks re- more churches? There are re~ ent-day conditions. The primain but the work of estab- ported to be at least fifty mi1~ mary purpose is the same as lishing the Church in the lion people in America not con~ ever, that of making Jesus rapidly developing move- nected with any church-Cath~ Christ available, known and ments of the closing days of olic or Protestant. The task is accepted to underprivileged, the nineteenth century and still with us but it is different ignorant and indifferent peo- the beginning of the twen- from that which faced the early ple, and through Him to tieth, has never been com- bring people to a knowledge pleted. Many of the old fron- pioneers. Dr. Dawber points of God and His love for sintiers still remain, church- out ways in which we must fill ful man and to show the posless and godless, and are sibility of redemption and even now a challenge to the our church program with new salvation. From this point methods if we would win Amer~ ica for Christ.

Church. of view the problem is the But for the most part the same as in former days. But old frontier is gone. The old haphazard move- there is a difference in degree of need, and in the ment of peoples westward and the influx of multi- attitude of underprivileged people toward the tudes of foreign-speaking peoples from Europe to cause of their need. Home missions must do more take their pla'Ce in the rapidly-expanding indus- than meet these needs, it must address itself to tries, is gone-at least for the present-and there remove or overcome the causes. Too long have are those who predict that it is gone forever. The we been content to be the stretcher-bearer for an settling up process has given way to a settling economic system that was unj ust and therefore down process, that brings with it a new set of unchristian and that has cast its wreckage of life factors with which home missions must grapple. on the scrap-heap of humanity to be cared for by A planned economy to meet intensive living, as the Mission Boards and other benevolent institu- against the old easy-going policy of expansion, is tions. "Prevention is better than cure," but it is now the order of the day. New types of control less spectacular. It is much easier to arouse the are abroad in the land and many of them are here to stay. The old frontiers have gone but new • It was for this purpose that the Home Missions Council set frontiers, far more difficult and creating greater needs, have t aken the p1ace 0 f the oId. The forth to explore the situation and to record Its judgment and suggest nation, yes the whole world, is now in the throes a program and policy that would help the Home Mission Boards to of readjustment and reconstruction made neces- face up with the new task that lies before them. The results of sary becaus~ of these changing frontiers. The this study covering a period of five years were published a year ago in the book "Home Missions Today and Tomorrow." A casual glance at this volume will reveal the tremendous task that now confronts the Church If It is to occupy a place of respect and be ~~n~~:~t~~. in~.h~.n~~ economic, social and moral frontiers of our [263 ]

sympathy of people to give money to alleviate the administrative offices seeking employment. Othsuffering of people, than it is to get support to ers have gone directly to closed churches and prevent suffering. The Mission Boards must now offered their services at a mere pittance of a salmarch out on these new economic and social fron- ary, in order to get a shelter and enough to eat. tiers to wage war against any and every agency Mission Boards must be alert in protecting the and institution that in any way contributes to the use of funds for churches that will make an appeal poverty and destitution of the people. The decla- to supplement the salary of men who are serving ration of this new purpose will doubtless make under such conditions. In a word, the problem enemies of certain individuals and groups whose of competition is intensified as we pass from an consciences will prick them and who take refuge increasing population to a relative decrtasing one. in defensive mechanisms of traditional ways of expr,essing religion. On the other hand the ac- Institutional Changes ceptance of this new purpose will make a host of new friends and supporters who wish to help in Home missions must be restated in terms of constructive work for the rebuilding of society on certain institutional work. Schools, hospitals, a truly Christian basis. homes and certain social services have undergone a vast change. We are facing a very different set Among- Foreign Language Groups of factors that make unnecessary the develop- ment, and, in many instances, the continuance of Home missions must be restated at the point of this type of work. In the early days of pioneer the changes that have come to certain special life, it was right that the church should organize groups. The ministry to foreign-speaking peoples and promote such institutions. The state and the has received a considerable share of home mis- local communities were neither able or interested sion funds. During the expansion period of in- to do so and the church has rendered a muchdustry, people from other lands flocked to Amer- needed service in initiating and standing by such ica by the millions. To keep up with this invasion, institutions until the state and local communities and to meet the ever-moving stream of this migra- could care for this work. There are still certain tion, has been a most difficult task. No other situations where pioneer and underprivileged concountry has ever faced such a problem so that ditions obtain so that the church must continue there was no previous experience upon which to the work of education, hospital and relief service. develop the program. But this need is passing as a responsibility of the Mission Boards, and they must now frankly face We have now reached the end of this immigrant the task of readjustment that comes as the result movement, at least for the present. The tide has of the change. tu:vned and recent studies show that for every foreigner who came in under the quota in 1933, A National Responsibility thirty-five went out. From now on the task will be that of winning the second and third genera- Home missions must be restated as a national tion of the foreign groups. responsibility. Certain types of service are the primary responsibility, and the total church mem- This will require a program and a policy that bership must be made to feel the obligation. will be centered in the English-speaking churches Other lesser needs become the responsibility of that are in close proximity. There will be certain certain areas that have within them the resources exceptions, but for most situations it will require to care for them. Home missions must be claria readjustment of program to reach these people. fied at the point of this distinction.

Denominational Competition The intensive lifenow upon us will demand that mission funds be used for certain well-defined Home missions must be restated from the point types of service that will qualify as a national of view of comity and cooperation. The problem respon~ibility. In this class we include the work of competition was not a sensitive one in the days among Negroes, Southern Mountains, Alaska, of expansion for the denominations felt justified Puerto Rico, Hawaii, certain language groups, in locating new churches, since the future prom- needy industrial and rural areas and special projised rapid growth of population. This policy can ects that are rapidly developing under the reconno longer be defended and denominations are struction and rehabilitation program of the Govobligated to confer with one another as to the ernment. location of new churches to meet the changes that are necessary. The present situation and the immediate future require that the home mission task be more clearly Another element has now entered into the pic- defined, and restated and the projects selected on ture and that is making the task of comity and the basis of these new and more valid standards cooperation difficult. Hundreds of unemployed of missionary need and service. ministers are knocking at the doors of church

RESTATING THE HOME MISSION TASK

The Church Building Program phasized the primary work as related to present- ing Christ and His program to indifferent and un- The foregoing statement if true would suggest derprivileged people, there is also a responsibility a restatement of home missions in the field of that rests upon home missions in' its relation to church erection. If we have reached the end of the whole Church. Self-supporting churches form the expansion period, then it stands to reason the home base of giving for the work conducted there will be less demand for church expansion in by Mission Boards. If this spring of resources terms of building. That there will be many home dries up, there is little that the Boards can do. Remission needs in this field goes without saying. cent years have witnessed a terrific shrinking in Old frontier communities are still lacking in suit- the giving of the churches and this cannot all be able church buildings and equipment, but they charged to the "depression." The greatest loss will not be needed at every crossroads as in the took place in the so-called prosperity years, so past. Rather, they should be placed at strategic that we must look to some other cause than the centers of population development and changed depression upon which to hang the blame. . conditions of transportation. Many old churches are in need of remodeling and additions, and This loss in giving seems best explained by loss where this is necessary in missionary territory, of interest, not only in missions, but in Christithe home mission agencies will be faced with a anity itself. Jesus Christ is no longer an imperacontinuing responsibilty. tive fact in life. The majority of church members do not seem to have any deep concern about the A tremendous task also confronts the Church in redemption of the world. Jesus Christ is not a meeting the burden of indebtedness that rests significant factor in their own lives, therefore, upon hundreds of churches that have been erected they are not concerned about the significance of in recent years. The value of this service cannot Christ for others. This I believe to be the crux be overstated, but it must be segregated from of the present problem. People are not going to home missions except where the service is ren- strain themselves to make the Gospel available to dered in strictly home missio1;l projects. We do lesser privileged groups unless the Gospel is acnot desire to minimize the importance and the cepted as imperative for themselves. It is not place of church erection in the Christian enter- information about missions these people need, it prise, but rather to call attention to the changed is information about Jesus Christ and a vital relaemphasis that is necessary as the result of the tion to Him. change in the nature of the work as home missions passes from the expansion period to one of Home Mission Boards have a tremendous regeographical and population limitations. It is not sponsibility in the deepening of the spiritual life now a task of building more churches, but of pay- of the whole Church, to make Christ real and iming for those already built and developing and perative to the total membership and to quicken extending the ministry of the same. the sense of His abiding significance to all those who profess to be His followers. If this can be Home Missions and Christianity done, there will be new hope and larger resources with which to carryon the enlarging task of mak- Our task must also be restated in terms of the ing America Christian. total Christian enterprise. While we have em- FROZEN SPIRITUAL ASSETS and For years the world has staggered under haastrebmeeenndthoeusfrowzeeinghatssoeftse.coBnoumt iacllstthriengfreonzcey~ one of the major reasons for this situation assets are n~t ~aterial. There are the potential assets of faith, hope, and love frozen solid under ~h.e thIck Ice of prayerlessness, complacency, irritability, and insincerity. Frozen moral and spIrItual assets are, as a rule, exclusively individualistic in nature and self-inflicted.

Many of us have not been worthy stewards of God, wisely dispensing the spiritual wealth entrusted to our keeping. We have permitted ourselves to become pawns and slaves to fluc- tuating commercialism and have deteriorated vinaltuoesspiisriotufapladrwamaorfus~tbiymbpoowrtianngcae titnhtehaelbtaurilod-f materialism. The fair appraisal of intrinsic ing of a life. .

. A power greater than our own is needed to liquidate the frozen assets of the soul. Jesus Chrlst has that power.-Rev. Harry G. Earle, in "The Christian Advocate."

Changing Frontier in

By REV. HERMANN N. MORSE, New York Author of liToward a Christian America"

THE dominant force in the development of its, who always answer the call of adventure, rest- home missions from its beginnings until now less, reckless men for the most part; those who has been the frontier, in much the same way have encountered misfortune, or who have failed that childhood dominates the school, or that sick- to get ahead in the old and have turned to the new ness dominates the hospital. Without the one the for a fresh start, hard-working, substantial folk, other would never have been. ready to pull the wheelhorse's load; and those who just cannot abide the restrictions or accept The historian, Frederick J. Turner, was the the responsibilities of developed community life. first to elaborate the theory of the frontier as a controlling influence in our There are always two national history. Other his- sides of the frontier picture, torians, such as Charles A. What has become of the geo- what is left behind and what and Mary R. Beard and graphical frontier which has lies ahead of the moving pop- James Truslow Adams, have been pushed westward into the ulation line. For the commumade much of the signifi- Pacific Ocean? With churches nities out of which the micance of the frontier. Peter and Christian institutions scat- grants have come there is a G. Mode, in a suggestive lit- tered all over the land, why is greater or less degree of tIe book published a few not the task of home missions stagnation. Ahead of them years ago, emphasized the completed? Dr. Morse answers is the raw newness of the contribution of the frontier tIhnisonqeuesesntisoe nt-haet hleoamset imn ispsairotn. frontier. Thus there has al- task will never be completed unspirit to the development of til every man, woman and child ways been the contrast of American Christianity. In has at least a fair opportunity the old and the new, in some the thought of these writers, to know and accept Christ and sense a conflict between the most distinctive charac- to live a normal Christian life them, a conflict between the teristics of American life in a Christ-governed commu- rigidity of the old and the have been a direct result of nity. That will be only when plasticity of the new, bethe way in which this coun- Christ reigns supreme. tween the conservatism of try was settled and has the old and the adventure- grown to maturity. The ness of the new, between the frontier, or rather the suc- orderly organization of the cessive frontiers, furnished the keynote of the old and the militant individualism of the new. process. At no point in the story of the nation is this so evident as in the development of the home Always, too there has been the sense of change impending, and actually going on. Such change mission enterprise. has been thought of as toward something "bigger Even the more obvious aspects of our national and better," a slogan as typically American as "E Pluribus Unum." A steady and practically history reveal the effects of certain constant, or unlimited growth has been accepted as our na-' at least constantly recurring, influences. New ter- tional destiny. Every new village has dreamed ritories were opened to settlement. Populations metropolitan dreams. Every new business has were redistributed. Our history began on that thought in terms of empire. note and each decade adds illustrations. The process is not yet completed. Only yesterday we It is easy to see why the frontier idea domi- read of new projects in Alaska, in Arkansas, in nated home miss-ions. The man who isn't going Washington, in Tennessee-magnets for thou- anywhere needs no guide. If he is building nothsands of families. Each new advance from first ing, he needs no carpenter. If he is mature and to last had its scouts, pathfinders and surveyors. in good health, he needs neither nurse nor physi- Each drew people out of old settlements to estab- ciano But the frontier meant that many people lish new. Generally, the same three classes of were going places, were building things, were people have responded; the bold pioneering spir- growing up in new environments, were struggling [266 ] to overcome obstacles, were enduring hardships. The following decade saw work extending into Home missions was simply the way of the Church Nevada, Montana, Wyoming, Arizona, Utah and to serve such people. Frontier meant something among the Indians and the Spanish-speaking peo- primitive, unformed, lacking in the privileges and ple in the Southwest. This decade also confronted values which we associate with normal living. the churches with the tremendous problems inci- What the frontier meant concretely in the his- dent to the freeing of theNegro slaves.

tory of home missions is too long and too familiar The next two decades saw the extension of work a story for retelling here. The frontier and home into Alaska, the beginning of work among Hun- missions were children together and grew up to- garians and the definite crystallization of the gether. We may date the beginning of an organ- concern of the Church for its ministry among ized program for home missions on a national European immigrants and for the problems of its scale at around 1800. From that time until the growing cities. At this time, too, the Southern present practically every decade confronted home Mountains were rediscovered as a missionary missions with some strikingly new situation, problem. The same decades saw the initiation of either a new territory to enter, a new type of pop- the modern program of Sunday School Missions.

ulation to serve, or a new sort of problem to solve. In the last decade of the century occurred the Furthermore, in each decade the advance agents beginning of work in lumber camps and, as the of home missions were scouting out the tasks that century was drawing to a close, the entry by the would engage the Church in subsequent decades. Church of Cuba and Puerto Rico.

By 1800, mission work was under way in all The first decade of the new century saw the be- of the Atlantic seaboard and New England states ginnings of the modern programs of country and in Kentucky and Tennessee. Without attempt- church work and of city church extension and also ing too exact a chronology, it will be of interest to the organization of the great interdenominational recall some of the high points of the later progress bodies in tlie field of home missions.

by decades. This was followed by the launching of the The first decade saw work extending into Mich- cooperative program in Santo Domingo, the de- igan, Ohio, Indiana, Louisiana and among the velopment of a program of work among migrants, Cherokee Indians in the south and the Tuscarora the beginning of service to the Filipinos, and the Indians in the north. facing of the emergency situations created by the The second decade added Illinois, and Missouri conditions of the past few years.

when Salmon Giddings established in St. Louis Through all these years the program of home the first Protestant church west of the Mississippi. missions has had to make provision not only for In this decade occurred the great mission tours of carrying the old and continuing tasks, but for Mills and Schemmerhorn through the Mississippi constant extensions into new fields and the under- Valley as far south as New Orleans in which was taking of new tasks. It is natural enough to ask revealed the religious destitution of that great whether that is still true today and whether there era. is still a place for the frontier idea in home The third decade saw work extended into Ar- missions.

kansas and Wisconsin. In answering this question we will consider the The fourth decade was marked by expansion in frontier in four of its persistent aspects.

many directions. Work was initiated in Minne- People on the Move sota, Kansas, Oklahoma, Iowa and Texas. The Ponds began work among the Sioux Indians in The first of these concerns that hardy perennial Minnesota to be followed not long afterward by of all the days of home missions, the new settle- John P. Williamson and Stephen R. Riggs. Jason ment and the problem of 'people on the move.

Lee, Marcus Whitman and H. H. Spalding began People are still on the move in this country. A their epic-making labors in the far northwest. saying of James Truslow Adams that "America The fifth decade added Nebraska in the middle is settled up and Americans must settle down,"

west, New Mexico in the southwest and California is sometimes quoted as though the redistribution on the coast. In the latter state mission work was of American population had practically come to begun within a year after the discovery of gold an end. On the contrary, there is under way right and the start of the great overland trek. There- now a redistribution of population of considerable after population began to flow from both east and magnitude. Many forces are at work in this, in- west into the Rocky Mountain states. cluding drought, unemployment, emergency, pub- During the sixth decade work was begun in lic works, federal policies for the acql1isition of Colorado and South Dakota. The first church for marginal lands for park purposes or for reforest- Orientals, outside of Asia, was organized in San ation, and other forces too numerous to mention.

Francisco. ' So far as the numbers involved are concerned, it

is likely that the present decade will witness as in northern Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota. great a dislodgment of people from their old A considerable number of such Homestead Projhomes as any decade in the history of the nation. ects are now under way or are planned.

Not all of such population movements, of course, During the past five years there has been more create new situations for home missions since individual homesteading in some parts of the west much of the movement of the population is into than in many years previous. A missionary in communities already provided with churches. New Mexico, for example, found in a certain area But constantly new situations are being created. several hundred newly arrived families among whom two promising churches have been organ- Some years ago when construction was begun ized. In Arkansas, an area of 20,000 acres of on Boulder Dam, seven denominations associated fine, fertile land has been reclaimed by drainage. with the Home Missions Council cooperated in Recently, families began to move in from different the establishment of a joint religious enterprise counties in the state. Here the missionary has for the 7,000 or more people who made up the organized a Sunday school which has from 150 inhabitants of Boulder City. A minister was to 200 attendance. Elsewhere in the west one established, a church organized, a building erect- missionary reports that he has had contact with ed, and a fruitful program of religious ministry sixty-eight different communities and another has been carried forward. Now this enterprise with fifty-one. In almost all of these settlements is nearing completion well ahead of schedule and no religious work was being maintained except people are beginning to move out. However, what the itinerant missionary could provide. there are still 1,400 children and young people in Boulder City, an amply worth-while field of min- All sections of the country have by now become istry. accustomed to the challenge and the opportunity represented by the CCC Camps. Recently the In Washington, work is under way on the announcement was made that during the present Grand Coulee Dam, which is a very much larger year the number of such camps would be increased project than the Boulder Dam. Here about 5,000 from 1,468 to 2,916, and that the number of young men are working and a cooperative religious pro- men in them would be increased from 303,000 to gram is already under way. This is an irrigation 600,000. project designed to impound the waters of the Columbia River in the Grand Coulee for the ulti- Many illustrations of this sort could be given. mate irrigation of 1,750,000 acres of the Columbia The problem of missionary extension which they basin. The soil is rich, only needing water, and create is no whit less important than the similar when irrigated the basin will furnish homes for problem in the days of the covered wagon. Here 40,000 families on small farms. are people in new surroundings. Some will re- main in a given location only for a short time. Forty-two miles up the Columbia River from Others are building their homes and establishing Portland, Oregon, is the Bonneville Dam now in permanent communities. Whether they are in the process of construction where 2,000 or more men one case or the other, they present a definite need are now being employed. Here, too, a cooperative for the ministry of the Church. religious program is under way. The Unserved Populations Considerable publicity has been given to the various homestead projects being developed by the Equally insistent is the problem presented by Federal Government as a part of its program of the unserved populations, who for one reason or relief and rehabilitation. another are not reached by the existing churches. This is a second aspect of the frontier which has At Crossville, Tennessee, for example, is located long engaged the attention of home mission agenthe Cumberland Homestead. This is designed for cies. Some of the most significant and stirring 350 families, each of whom will have a small farm episodes of home mission history have been conwith a fine modern house. These families are cerned with the efforts of the church to carry its being recruited from the ranks of unemployed ministry of service across the lines of race and . coal miners and others who in their former homes color and class. This phase of extension has been have had an insufficient measure of support, most a task as great in extent as the primary task of of them being on the relief rolls. Here will be geographical extension and has been more difficreated a new community of possibly 1,500 select- cult. This does not present many entirely new ed people. phases, now that immigration from foreign coun- tries has virtually ceased, but in even its oldest In the Matanuska Valley of Alaska, near An- aspects it is a task as yet largely uncompleted. chorage, a similar homestead project is under way which will provide homes for 200 families. These The most recent challenge has been that of the families, many of them of Swedish or Finnish considerable number of Filipinos on the Pacific extraction, with many young children, are being selected from among those who are now on relief

THE CHANGING FRONTIER IN AMERICA

Coast. Before the Filipino immigration was sus- dren in such migrant families hardly one in fifty pended last year the number of arrivals, coming is now being served through this program.

chiefly by way of Hawaii, had reached a total of Frontiers of Poverty 60,000, most of whom have settled in California.

A report' just received from an interdenomina- In the third place we are still confronted by the tional executive, who recently surveyed this situa- frontiers of poverty and need in all the distinctive tion, summarizes the problem in cryptic phrases: missionary areas in which work is being carried Sixty thousand-mostly young men. No legal protec- on. There is a disposition among some to assume tion. Migrant seasonable workers. Living conditions bad. that except for the emergency created by the pres- Gambling and shooting common. Little being done for ent depression, the need for missionary work in them. Not welcome as a rule 'in American churches. the fields of education, health and community The Christian work among them is largely car- service has been largely eliminated by the developried on through Filipino Christian Fellowships, ment of public agencies.

which are interdenominational in character, but A government bulletin has just been received in many cases sponsored and assisted financially reporting the results of a survey of social and by denominational groups. An annual conference, economic conditions in the Southern Appalachi- on a definite constitutional basis, of all of these ans. This document, replete with maps and charts Fellowships on the Pacific Coast is now in process and tables, bears sober testimony to the contin- of formation. There are in California seven dif- uance of those conditions which prompted the ferent centers having each from 3,000 to 10,000 development of the mission program in that area.

Filipinos, while others are scattered all along the A few facts, culled at random from the report, coast. The present program of service needs to show that there is still physical isolation in the be very greatly extended and greatly strength- mountains. In over sixty counties less than a ened. third of the farms are located on improved roads.

Of all the racial groups with which Protestant To anyone who has ever ridden over unimproved mission agencies have had contact through the roads in the mountains this speaks volumes. On years doubtless the least progress has been made 30% of the farms the total value of all farm with the Jews. Much has been written concern- products sold, traded, or used is less than $400 ing the importance of developing the Christian per year per farm. For sixteen townships, the approach to the Jewish people. They are an im- average per farm is $25'7. Let any housewife pressively influential element of our national life. figure how far $257 a year in cash or farm prod- They are widely scattered, being found in consid- ucts could be made to go for the support of a large erable numbers in almost every city and large family. Typical public school conditions are still town in the country. It is conceded that very below average in the mountains. In seven coun- many of them have no more than a nominal at- ties, over one-fifth of the children of public school tachment, if that, to the church of their fathers. age do not attend school. In twenty-three coun- Today, as always, the general attitude of the ties, three-fourths or more of those of high school Christian Church toward the Jews is as great an age are not in school. Eleven counties show an obstacle in the way of the Christian ministry to illiteracy rate of 7% or more among children 10 them as is their attitude toward the Christian to 20 years of age. In seventeen counties the Church. average school year covers less than 135 days. In Almost any of the other distinctive racial two whole states more than one-half of the teach- groups in America would serve as an illustration ers in public school have had no more than high of the need that still remains for the pioneer school education.

extension of missionary work. The national con- . In the West Indies ference, held last winter, on evangelical work among the Italians was an impressive demonstra- A recent volume of the Foreign Policy Associa- tion of the substantial progress which had been tion on "Problems of the New Cuba," gives a made and of the splendid leadership which had vivid picture of difficulties to be duplicated in been developed. But it equally demonstrated the other West Indian islands. This study, while size and importance of the work remaining to be showing the great progress that has been made done. The same could be said of the annual con- in many fields since the formation of the Republic, ·ferences of the Council of Spanish-speaking Work. piles up the evidence of pressing economic, educa- There is justifiable satisfaction in the program tional, health, and welfare needs. Half of the sponsored by the Council of Women for Home population are illiterate. The general standard Missions for service among migrant workers. of living is low and fluctuating. Economic prob- But the satisfaction must be tempered by the lems are complicated and difficult. A summary of realization that of the estimated number of chil- case studies of forty~one typical families showed

that only seven had a total annual income in cash A Frontier of Ideas and Ideals and in goods in excess of $500. Ten families showed annual incomes of less than $300. Finally, there is a frontier of ideas and ideals of which home missions must continue to take ac- Similar citations could be made with respect count. An eminent preacher said recently: to many other large groups within the home mission field. The plain fact is that millions of peo- Scientific knowledge has its limits, not temporarily but ple, quite aside from the emergency of unemploy- permanently. There are areas of our experience where ment, are living below a reasonable sustenance life essentially is and always must be an adventure into level, and that no possible extension of govern- the unknown. The chief value of knowledge is not that mental service can be expected wholly to meet it makes everything certain, but that it constitutes a their needs for the facilities of normal living. frontier backed by vast resources from which expeditions into the unknown may hopefully set out. These things have a bearing upon the service ministry of home missions. Even moreunmis- Home missions has had a value in the Church takable is the case for its evangelistic ministry. Every study of the church situation in America over and above the value of its specific accomhas indicated the uneven degree of success in winning to Christian fellowship the inhabitants of plishments in that it has kept alive the importance different sections and different types of communities. Even more significantly such studies have of' certain great human and religious questions. demonstrated the insecurity and the inadequacy of the churches upon'which many people depend. It has been a concrete demonstration of the The recent volume by Drs. Douglass and Brunner, "The Protestant Church as a Social Institution," Church's concern for human welfare in the broadreveals the fact that the average church both in city and country is below the point of effective- est and most fundamental sense of that term. ness in program, leadership, financial strength and membership. It is pointed out that between Really to apprehend and accept the full signifi- 1,000 and 1,500 rural churches are abandoned every year and that many of these are in commu~ cance of the missionary movement implies comnities which do not receive adequate service from any other existing churches. Thus the rural mitment to the principles of social justice and areas continguous to most cities and towns, the economically retarded areas, generally, and many universal brotherhood. It is still too true that thousands of scattered rural neighborhoods in all parts of the country, are deprived of effective many people are held back in their advancement Christian leadership and service. by handicaps for which they have not been respon- sible and which they cannot overcome unaided.

Many are the victims of arbitrary and unChris- tian discriminations. One Christian mission to America is not completed by preaching the Gospel and by the performance of kindly services for those who are in need-important as these are.

It would not be completed thus, even if all indi- vidual Americans were nominally won to an ac- ceptance of Christian discipleship. Implicit in the task is the making Christian of our collective life and beyond that the christianizing of our total influence as a nation in the world. This frontier of ideas and ideals lies all around us.

Here, then, are four Louisiana aspects of the frontier Purchase which still persist. They do not wear quite the same face as in genera- Ceded by in tions past. They have Mexico different symbols and 1848 must be met with differ- 1 7 8 g e n t measures, but to as great a degree as ever in the past they demand from the C h u r c h of.

Christ a pioneering en- LATER ADDITIONS thusiasm, an unquench- Alaska Territory able zeal and an uncon- Hawaii and Guam Puerto Rico quering faith. The Philippines Virgin Islands, W. I.

"CHARACTER MAKES CITIZENSHIP – RELIGION BUILDS CHARACTER"

was the slogan of the St. John's Lutheran Church School in the civic parade at Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Thirteen nationalities were represented in. national costumes.

The Problem of Unassimilated Americans By the REV. W. C. SCHAEFFER, Allentown, Pa.

Pastor of the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church T HE presence of the foreigner among us to agitation and incitement to violence that aim again raises an issue that is acute. Sentiment at the destruction of constitutional government and interest in this matter advance and re- and at the overthrow of our institutions. Sixteen cede in waves. For years the attitude is one of such agencies under long range direction by the apathy or aloofness and then suddenly some crisis Russian Soviet are said to be operating here and shocks us to awareness of.the number, vigor and a sharp curb should be put on radicalism foment- origins of our newer immigrants. In times of ed from alien sources. Confirmed terrorists also danger or distress unassimiIated groups are held offer a knotty problem that cannot be handled in suspicion as a menace or a burden and great softly.

need arises for the exercise of fairness and right Moreover the crisis created by non-employment judgment. seems greatly intensified by the unassimilated The many angles to this question defy identical mass of foreign population. Much capital has treatment. Some phases call for highly special- been made of the use of the uncanny coincidence ized skills of trained experts in government de- that the number of unnaturalized aliens plus the partments. None of us are for unbridled license illegal entrants, 5,748,760, equals roughly the [271 ]

total number of our unemployed workers.. These It was in answer to the world's great need that figures can be repeated carelessly enough to imply the Son of God came as the world's Saviour. that the sole responsibility for the present unem.- ployment situation rests with this group. Need offers the challenge to the Church to strengthen rather than reduce the ministering In any case certainly the cure does nQtlie in forces. Jesus' word is "the whole need not a precipitate action making for nominal citizenship. physician but they that are sick." Not survival This high privilege should be sought only on the basis of mature judgment and conviction, a mat- but conquest is the fit slogan of the Church. ter of character not of expediency. Pressure A first approach can be based on that which is directed from any other motive will work disastrously. Isaac F. Marcosson said recently, best in the background of the groups to be influ- enced. Many foreigners who do not impress us Although millions of aliens refrain from assuming the even as literate because of their struggle· with a strange language can order their thoughts coherobligations of citizenship because of indifference or lack ently, have a highly developed sense of apprecia- of conviction, which makes for divided loyalty, others are tion in music and art. Indeed a frequent obstacle is encountered in their loss of respect because glad to do so because of the ~irage of easy money. Since many customs current here run counter to supe- the agitation for the Townsend plan, naturalization of- ficers, particularly in California, have done a booming rior customs prevalent in the old world. In the mind of many aliens culture is more important business with sixty-year and older aliens eager to get under the Utopian umbrella. The prospect of $200 a month for the rest of their lives is obviously a far more than outward acctimmulation which is too gener- ally accepted as a symbol of success among us. potent lure to citizenship than safety and succor under Their filial obedience and'fiqelity in religious obthe American flag. . servance often rise. up ito shame us. In many centers Young Women's' GhristianAssociations have done a noble work. . Groups of fo;reigners are encouraged to give expression "in folk. f~sti­ vals and homeland exhibits to that whicp is p()te~…

and characteristic racially. Often these are liIiked with exhibits of production here that mak~ easy the transition in thought from their native home to the home of their adoption. .

But much more is needed to knit into our na- tional fabric the lives of our new Americans. This is a matter of character and character is the fruit of religion. This is the business of the Church. The point of contact here is in the ris- FOREIGN BORN PREPARING FOR NATURALIZATION ing generation. In the old world, because of the prevalence in most countries of the es,tablished Despite all these difficulties it is amazing how church, religious instruction is incorporated in the most of them dissolve under the application the scheme of general education. We do not have of faith. The problem is largely one of penetra- this in America and we do not want it. But in tion into the isolation of these people's separate our system of education we are under a queer existence and this is the purpose of Christianity. obsession in our interpretation of the principles The crux is not in the barriers raised by the of the founders. Their idea of religious freedom communities of foreigners as much as in the reluctance to function on the part of the people whose was a freedom to cultivate faith and piety. We very business is goodwill. In every community exercise our freedom to neglect faith and piety. where there are foreigners there are churches; As Dr. Butler said last December in his address these churches should constantly be exerting the to the trustees of Columbia University, "So far spirit of interest and helpfulness and serVice that as tax supported schools are concerned, an odd becomes a bond of union and leads to oneness of ideals, aspirations and desires. situation has arisen. The separation of Church and State is fundamental in our American politi- This calls for much reconstruction of thought on the part of the followers of Christ. It is the cal order, but so far as religious instruction is rep:r-oach of Protestant churches that they retreat concerned, this principle has been so far departed under the pressure of need in adversely-changing from as to put the whole force and influence of environments. This is reversing the Divine order. the tax-supported school on the side of one ele- ment of the population-namely that which is pagan and believes in no religion wha,tever . . . The school would. refrain from religious instruc- tion of any type, but it would also cease from a

THE PROBLEM OF UNASSIMILATED AMERICANS

policy which now makes it impossible for the song was arranged to which the children invited family or the church to put religious instruction their parents. A beginning was made with an upon its true basis." Then Dr. Butler declared old-fashioned magic lantern; then a balopticon that the allotment of a definite time for religious was secured; then a silent/ motion picture proteaching away from the school building would jector and now improved sound for a community lead parents and children "to look upon religious night that repeats its program three times and instruotion as vitally important and as constitut- attracts three thousand people. This community ing an essential part of the process of education." night has built up a Sunday church night which We record the solemn conviction that the real draws many of the same audience, and in which menace in America is not in the limited group of familiar visual projection aides are used for the agitators of violence but in the ever-growing hymns and even for portions of the liturgical number of the rising generation, estimated today service. In these ways a whole community of at about seventeen million, whose lives are un- divergent and often hostile elements has been reached by any positive religious influence whom brought together in the spirit of understanding we are yielding up as legitimate prey for exploita- and goodwill. tion. In their hands rests the destiny of our country. Incidentally the life of the church. becomes transformed. Instead of an ailing, anemic church Our foreign population need not be a liability there grows a vigorous, flourishing church. There but an asset. In one great industrial center this are the verve and zest of an enthusiasm that is has been demonstrated in an experiment running born only in engagement in a redemptive task over the past sixteen years. A congregation that and mission. Standards of sacrifice and generosfound itself in the midst of a rapidly-changing ity are set that deepen spirituality and widen the environment made a survey of the pupils in the sphere of influence. A church school whose spirit public school located in the same block with the ordinarily is as dryas dust rises on a tide of church and was amazed to learn that its enroll- youthful devotion. The very neglected groups set ment embraced twenty-two nationalities. Among a tempo for action and movement that changes a the elementary pupils 157 were found who never staid and discouraged congregation into a lifeattended any church school. A weekday school giving source of energy and power. of religion was organized for intensive training in Christian life and leadership on the basis of a This is the Church's contribution to the soluthorough-going study of God's Word. In the first tion of our country's greatest problem. Ours is year the roster of students embraced seventeen nationalities as follows: American, English, Ger- the unenviable reputation of being the most lawman, Italian, Hungarian, Slavish, Austrian, Jew- less nation on earth. Crime cost in excess of ish, Negro, Lithuanian, Russian, Czecho-Slovak- twelve billion dollars last year. Each year we ian, Polish, Hellenic, Irish, French and Swiss. have about twelve thousand homicides, a thousand This school has grown in influence until now there a month. In 1933 over 350,000 persons were comare some 869 pupils enrolled with a faculty staff of mitted to penal institutions, the majority of whom 46 members with daily operation on released time were young .men who never had any religious from the public school. There are approved chan- training. Perhaps some people come by crime nels for registering self-expression in behavior, stUdiousness, witnessing, stewardship and serv- honestly. Nearly all crime can be controlled at ice. Among the teachers each year are fourteen the source by a new conception and a new directo sixteen college students who have the ministry tion being given to growing life. This is the in view and who acquire an invaluable training essence of the mission of Christianity. that will enable them in the future to face with a sense of ease and mastery the grave problems Our day needs a new and vivid interpretation confronting the Church today. It has been proved of Pentecost. Before the Spirit descended on that the one unanswerable argument that can be Peter his speech lacked something. It was wholly put into the mouth of youth today with which provincial. He cowered with dread under the to meet the criticism aimed at the Church is a taunt of a maidservant who challenged him with, changed life, a rich, full life in Christ. "Surely thou art a Galilean for thy speech betray- eth thee." But after Pentecost Peter's language Early in this experience it was learned that it struck a universal note, "Behold, are not all these is not enough to lift children for an hour or two which speak Galileans? And how hear we every a week out of an environment into which they man in our own tongue, wherein we were born? sink back only to revert to type. This was like Parthians, and Medes, and Elamites, and the bailing out a bucketful only for the flood of waters dwellers in Mesopotamia, and in Judea, and Capto pour in again. An evening of pictures and padocia, in Pontus, and Asia . . ." There is one universal language. It is the language of the heart, of love-God's love in Christ.

versus the "Isms"

By REV. GAlUS GLENN ATKINS, D.D., Auburn, New York Author of "Modern Religious Cults and MOtJements," etc.

"ISM" is no word at all, only three letters- It is easy to make all this too remote and the- neither verb, noun, adjective nor adverb- ological, but the practical bearing is plain. Un- just a suffix, and yet a good dictionary has less there is something detached from our con- trouble enough telling what it does to the words fusions, perplexities, even our most promising to which it is added. It changes an act to a programs, we are simply lost in our own fog.

process, a· condition to a theory, a quality to a There is all about us an entangling play of inter- peculiarity, the specific to the general and a prin- ests, each one of which wants to use everything ciple or a program to a state of mind. Finally we else for its own ends, no one of which is ample make a poor, indefinite kind of noun out of it and enough or final enough for the meanings and des- write or talk about "isms," usually to condemn tiny of life. The Church reflects this. It has them, unless they happen to be our favorite shaped so much of its life to fit the patterns of "isms." There can never have been more of this this or that order. An entangled Church cannot than just now. One has only to begin to make a speak to a world of hates and fears and hopes as list of the "ism" words in current use to find that it ought. But Jesus Christ can. For the sake of out. The list would include politics, economics, what is timeless and divine Christianity must not sociology, religion, the whole field of contempora- be captured by lesser interests, used for "ism"

neous thought and action, and before one finished ends.

it there would be a new one. The list itself would Its supreme service is to approach life from the represent the confusions and the quests of a con- outside and from above. And for the sake of our fused and questing time – our present general human interests, it must not permit itself to be state of mind. confined by any social, political or economic pat- Christianity is caught in it all, unescapably. tern. Its mission has always been to save them Christianity has always had enough "isms" of its from themselves. There are ways of living and own. It still has many of the old ones and many working together through which the essential disturbing new ones, or else the old have simply spirit of Christ can express itself better than changed their clothes. It is also involved in the others. No doubt of that. It cannot, we are be- social, political and economic confusions as never ginning to see, be true to itself in many aspects before. Some deny it (a stronger word is really of what we now call capitalism. Some would go needed), some use it, a few are trying to capture much farther. That soulless system, they say, is it. What can it do? What ought it to do? No alien and hostile to the corporate expression of the one can answer those questions finally at present, Christian spirit. Militant nationalism is even least of all in the limits of a brief article. more profoundly impossible for a real Christian- 1. Christianity must, I think, keep above and ity, militarism is utterly un-Christian. But apart from any of them. It is more than anyone Christianity is more than the putting an end to of them; it is more than all of them together- any or all of these.

even when they are friendly and offer themselves There are defensible ideals of a Christian social as fulfillments of the Christian way and spirit. order which have much in common with Socialism, It has a nature and authority above the changing even with the wide and fraternal sharing of re- tides. Any historian would say that Christianity source and production, which lies behind Com- has been an outstanding aspect of Western civ- munism-if the word could be disinfected. But ilization. The Christian historian maintains that for Christianity-to identify itself with these or it has been the pUlsing heart force of Western any form of them. is for it to surrender its mis- civilization. But Christianity is more than any sions and cease to be itself.

civilization. It is the judgment bar of civiliza- II. Christianity has the secret of the inner tions and their final control. It is not history unity which is the conditIon of escape from any speaking to God. It is God through His revelation confusion, deliverance from any "ism." Actually in Jesus Christ speaking to history. they are all marginal. Some of them in the gen- [274 ] eral field of Western religion are a ravelling out IV. Above all we need power, constant, sus- of Christianity itself. They take marginal aspects taining and enough. I would not thresh old straw; of it and make them central (plenty of illustra- but suppose we got what the most humanely gen- tions). They make a new patchwork fabric of its erous, wise and far-seeing of our social programs loose threads. Others are this or that half-truth. are after. What will sustain them beneath the So:rp.e of them oppose interest to interest, class to enormous weight of our sins and our stupidities, class, nation to nation. And most disastrously of the inertias of our habits and self-interests and, all they get into our own inside lives of faitp and above all, the resurgence of what in us is unsocial motivation and divide us ourselves into warring and hungry for power? Can we do it by the laws camps. we ourselves pass? Can we use our own au- Then in thought and deeds and words ~e pro- thority against ourselves? Well, maybe, to a de- ject this inner confusion into all our human order. gree, but there is no guarantee in that, nor in our Here more than anywhere else is the secret of all unregenerated human nature.

our confusion. The real point of departure for This is not begging a disputed question with an any deliverance must be from within the soul. evangelical phrase or offering one solution for all Here Christianity meets all the "isms." They are our problems. It goes deeper. When everything sectarian; it is catholic. They are divisive; it is said and 80 many futile things done, only should unite. They are marginal; it is central. changed men can change the world. They may They work in from the outside; Christianity works and do need to change the machinery through from the soul out. This involves far more than which they work. They need to find channels Christian unity. It involves unity in Christ, be- proper to the flow of their regenerate spirits. But ginning with the divided soul and ending with a they need power to go on, to bear, to believe, to world seamed and broken like a lava field after an hope. They need motivations which reach beyond earthquake. the present to deal with the present. They need something beyond themselves even to be them- III.. Christianity supplies the correction of the selves. partial; half-truths – or less; half-faiths – or worse; half-deliverances – or no deliverances at If there is any empowerment outside Christianall. That centrally is the weakness of every ity to do all this, those who know where and what "ism"; it is never enough. It makes one pro- it is must make their case. They have history gram, one understanding of life and God the whole against them. It may be said, must be said, that thing. And it asks us to take all our noble capac- Christianity has never found or even sought a ity for loyalty and devote it to-just itself. Na- full channel for its power, used it partially and tionalism does that everywhere. Communism through its partial use of its divine enduement does it in Russia, Socialism would like to do it. left a place for the "isms." But it has the Power Like Isaiah's image-maker, any "ism" boils the -and it is nowhere else. When we have seen the pot with one end of its idol-stuff and makes a god Cross for all it is and means and does, the Power of the other. There is no denying the intensity is there. of devotion which may thus be secured, but its very intensity burns it out and in the end defeats *** the very object of it. These points are general but they are capable One cannot even criticize justly, creatively, the of precise, definite application to every aspect of twisting, turning, questing movements of a time what the "isms"-any "ism"-of our over "ismlike ours unless he has a sovereign control from ed" world-stand for. Christianity has an office which and by which to criticize them. Some of above them, detached from them. It approaches the most brilliant of our critics are like people them with the authority of its revelations of God who would criticize a merry-go-round while rid- in Jesus Christ. And without that we are lost in ing its wooden horses. They do no more than our own confusions.

change their mount and criticize the horse they He and He alone can supply' the inner unity were just riding, from 'the next one in front of it which will save us from our divided selves and or behind it. No wonder we keep going round in their issue in a divided world order. Christianity a circle.. I know this is a loose statement but I opposes the complete to the partial, and alone has know equally that it has in it a fact which to our the authority of corre~tion. .

peril we neglect; that Christianity has in it the Christ can supply the power without which even whole truth and the whole authority without what is wisest and most promising cannot main- which we cannot see how partial everything else tain itself. In the Realm of God we find the Di- is and without which we have no place to stand if vine Order, transcending any human order, the we seek no more than to see our world steadily, only revelation which lends object and meaning to see it whole and to see it against the back- to the brief stages of our pilgrimages here-and- grounds of the will of God. now.

New Day and the Old

By REV. HUGH THOMSON KERR, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. )ne– Author of "Old Things New," etc.

CHRISTIANITY has had to fight for its life clean hands and sensible speech (is to draw near)"; or, in every age. It has never had an easy again, "He who is pure from all stain, conscious of no sin time. It has had to defend itself in every in his soul, and living an honorable and just life (may generation. After the early Christians had ac- approach)." Such is the cry of those who promise puricepted the call to die for Christ during the martyr fication from sins. But let us now hear what sort of centuries they were afterwards challenged to people these Christians invite. "Anyone who is a sinner," think for Christ in the creedal centuries. For they say, "or foolish, or simple-minded-in short, any un- Christianity is not only a way of life but a way of fortunate will be accepted by the Kingdom of God." By thought and it will not endure as a way of life if "sinner" is meant an unjust person, a thief, a burglar, a it fails to maintain its supremacy as a way of poisoner, a sacrilegious man, or a robber of corpses. Why, if you wanted an assembly of robbers, these are just the sort of people you would summon!

thought. Commenting on this statement, Harnack says: We are constantly speaking as if we lived in a "Here Celsus has stated, as lucidly as one could desire, the cardinal difference between Christiannew world. It is only superficially so. The real problems of life are the same today as in the day ity and ancient religion." Christianity met huof St. Paul and no one can face the conditions of manity where its needs were the greatest and, early Church history without feeling at home. where no other religion could succeed, the Gospel Indeed there is high encouragement when the his- wrought out its redemptive work. It asked for no privileges. It met humanity in whatever contory of the early Church is studied from the point dition it found it and brought to it salvation. It of view of our modern world. It was against had no special message for the rich or the culgreat odds that Christianity made its way. How tu}."ed; neither had it any special message for the it was able to win victories in circumstances and ignorant or the poor but to every man, as a man, conditions so adverse has always been a problem. Christ was offered as the one and only Saviour.

The 'secret of the triumphal march of Chris- There is hidden away in the record of the progtianity has eluded the best historians. In his ress of the Gospel the simple statement, "The dis- ciples were called 'Christians' first in Antioch." "History of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Em- That indeed was a victory! Antioch was the third pire," Gibbon set forth five reasons, namely: the city in the world, Rome and Alexandria alone surzeal of the Christians, their doctrine of immor- passing it. It held a population of half a million. tality, the working of miracles, the moral stand- Situated on the slope of Mount Silpius, with the ards of Christians, and the privilege of political broad navigable river Orontes at its feet, a bouleparticipation. Dr. T. R. Glover, with the insight vard five miles long, paved, not with asphalt or of a great Christian, says that Christianity out- cobble stones, but with the purest of white marble. lived, out-died, and out-thought the pagan world. Surrounded by a wall that clung like a natural It is open to anyone to discover the secret for barrier to the mountain eminence that overhimself. The facts are spread before us in the shadowed the city, it was a place of dreamy pages of the New Testament and it may be inter- beauty-with flowering trees, statues, colonnades, esting and helpful when there is bewilderment and bridges, baths, basilicas, villas, theatres and luxconfusion if the causes for the triumph of the ury, culture, beauty, pleasure, commerce, pagan- Gospel in the early Church be set down. ism, barbarism, superstition and heathen religion mingled there In all the rich luxuriance of the' First of all the early Church proclaimed a G()S- East. It was the melting pot of the nations. The pel. The leaders heralded a Gospel which in its immigration problem was at its crisis in Antioch, highest sense was redemptive. It dealt with sin; but it was there that Paul planted the Cross and personal sin, social sin, sin against God, and it made those laughter-loving people stand at attenpromised recovery. It made no concessions and entered into no compromises. No better statement can be found than that given in the attack upon Christianity by Celsus. This is what he said: Those who invite people to participate in other soIemni- tion. There were no Alps to Napoleon and there ties, make the following proclamation: "He who hath are and can be no obstacles to the Gospel of Jesus [276 ] Christ save in the faithless allegiance of His fol- even after the centuries have passed; the stand- lowers. ard of virtue for men and women. Writing be- Furthermore the early Church cultivated the fore 200 A. D., Clement of Alexandria made this spirit of aggressive evangelism. One hears the announcement: "Our judgment is that the virtue marching past of many feet as he opens the pages of man and woman is one and the same. For, if of the New Testament and follows the history of the. God of both is one, the instructor of both is the early Church. Start in anywhere and we hear also one; one Church, one temperate self-control, the marching of an unorganized multitude going one modesty, common food, marriage an equal forth to its work. Occasionally a sentence is yoke; breath, sight, hearing, knowledge, hope, dropped which reveals what is going on; a sen- obedience, love – all things are alike to them.

tence such as this: "The disciples were every- Those whose life is common have also a common where scattered abroad and went about preaching grace and a common salvation; their virtue and the Word." They had no set method, nor organ- their training are alike."

ized plan. They needed none, for a living faith Anyone who reads the Acts or the Epistles in requires no .fixed method. For centuries this pas- the New Testament will realize that faith was sion for evangelism burned like a flame in the never a substitute for good deeds and that the heart of the Christian Church. Everything was discipline of the Church in relation to moral be- informal, impersonal, and men and women spoke havior was rigorously severe. It has always been the message of Eternal Life to neighbors, ac- true of Christianity, where it has been proclaimed quaintances and friends. They were not content in its purity that personal and social morality, to abide at home but travelled far inland in order followed as a natural fruit of the Christian life.

that the message might have free course and be It was Catherine Booth of the Salvation Army glorified. Origen, writing shortly after 200 A. D., who said to her followers before her death: "We said: "Christians do all in their power to spread will go in more and more for righteousness." It the faith all over the world. Some of them ac- is this same demand which is disturbing the con- cordingly make it the business of their life to science of the world today. The Spirit of Christ wander not only from city to city but from town- is moving through the Church demanding a higher ship to township and village to village in order standard of moral living not only personal but as to gain fresh converts for the Lord." In his related to everything in life, industry, politics, "Church History" Eusebius announces the same education; we will not go successfully forward truth: "Very many of the disciples of that age until the Church challenges the world by a new (pupils of the apostles) whose heart had been standard of personal and social righteousness.

ravished by the divine Word with a burning love One thing more – early Christianity was unfor philosophy (i. e., asceticism), had first ful- compromising. While it had the power of adaptfilled the command of the Saviour and divided ability, nevertheless it was unwavering in its detheir goods among the needy. Then they set out mand that every knee should bow to Christ. Chrison long journeys, performing the office of evan- tianity received, as through tributaries from gelists, eagerly striving to preach Christ to those every direction, the currents that came flowing in who as yet had never heard the word of faith, and from many lands; but all down through the years to deliver to them the holy gospels." Every Chris- it kept its purity and its uniqueness. At the same tian was an evangelistic missionary. Everything time it assimilated to itself modes and customs was personal and life-giving and everywhere the and languages, transforming them, utilizing them, principle was verified that one loving heart sets baptizing them into the message and meaning of all the world on fire. There is no substitute for the Gospel. What it did with customs and lanevangelism even in our sophisticated modern world and again it will return in power. guages it did ,also with diverse nationalities. It A third quality which is discernible among the lifted up into its own unique fellowship men of all early Christians was their moral earnestness. On races and of all nationalities. Here at last, from every page it is recorded that the early Chris- out of racial hatred and national isolation of the tians demanded not ecstasy and enthusiasm, but ancient world, Parthians and Medes and Elamites honest-hearted virtue and supreme moral values. and the dwellers in Mesopotamia and in Judea, The fruit of the Spirit, said Paul, is not ecstasy Jews and Greeks, Cretans and Arabians, but "love, joy, peace, long suffering, gentleness, heard in their own tongue the mighty works of goodness, faith, meekness, temperance." Every- God. It repudiated barriers of nationality; it where and always Christianity has stood for moral claimed humanity as its field and the communion regeneration, for a clean life, for the stricest sort table became the social center of a world-wide of honesty, purity and undefiled righteousness. fellowship.

Take, for example, one issue that is still debated We are being told today that if Christianity is

to endure it must pool its interests with other reli- That inference is not new. Modern perplexity gions; that in order to ward off the attack of god- repeats the age-old problem. The Church of the lessness we must make common cause with all Roman Empire faced it under vastly more allurother faiths. We are told that it is the whole ing circumstances but the Christians of that day line that is endangered and not only the Christian refused to compromise. Instead of lowering the salient. It is a massed attack upon the whole standard of the Cross they lifted it higher. In spiritual concept of life. It is proclaimed on every the words of Dr. William Kemp Lowther Clarke hand that the inherent goodness of man can work of Cambridge, a very competent historical scholar: out his own destiny; that we do not need to postulate God; He is a projection of our wish-think- Had the Church really conformed to Gentile patterns ing. Prayer is defined as emotional release; sin there would have been no persecutions. Paganism had no is called an inferiority complex. Conversion is objection to welcoming Jesus into the Pantheon. But just looked upon as infantile regression. Religion is because Christianity continued true to its Jewish origin, diagnosed as pathological. Walter Lippmann it was fanatically intolerant of rival creeds. For this readramatizes the letting down of the curtain upon son the early Church is an unattractive spectacle to many the great Scenario. He is not happy about the modern men, for whom there is no absolute truth, no final end but he wants to be honest. To many who religion; but because of this the Church survived the were in the audience, he writes: break-up of civilization whereas its mighty rivals have passed away from the memory of all but professional It is now evident that they have seen a play, a mag- scholars. nificent play, one of the most sublime ever created by the human imagination, but nevertheless a play, and not a It is not the modern world or the new age that literal account of human destiny. They know it was a challenges the old Gospel. It is the Gospel that play. They have lingered long enough to see the scene- challenges our age. And a deeper reading of hisshifters at work. The painted drop is half rolled up; tory will tell us that Christ is at work in our world some of the turrets of the celestial city can still be seen, and because His Spirit is at work the waters are and part of the choir of angels. But behind them, plainly troubled and many are afraid. There are things visible, are the struts and gears which held in place what we prize that our children may commit to the under a gentler light looked like the boundaries of the uni- wastebasket but the faith of the New Testament verse. They are only human fears and human hopes, and will not be among them. John Masefield gives an bits of antique science and half-forgotten history, and sym- interview between Longinus-the traditional name bols here and there of experiences through which some in each generation pass. of the Roman centurion who had charge of the crucifixion and whose words "truly this was a Because the foundations of all faith are being righteous man" are found in the Gospel-and Proundermined the inference drawn by some is that cula, the traditional name of Pilate's wife who there should be a consolidation of all spiritual sought to save Jesus from the Cross. At the close forces in order to maintain a religious interpreta- of the day when the crucifixion was at an end, tion of life. This is part of the appeal of "Re- Longinus came to give in his report to Pilate. thinking Missions." The argument runs: When it was ended Procula called the centurion aside and asked him to tell her how Jesus had It is no longer, Which prophet? or Which book? It is died. The centurion told the story calmly and whether any prophet, book, revelation, rite, church, is to then Procula said to him: be trusted. All the old oracles are seeing a new sign: the scorn on the faces of students who know the experiments "So you think He is dead?" in anti-religion in Russia and nonreligion in Turkey, and :the actual religionlessness of much western life. The chief "No, lady, I don't," Longinus replied. foe of these oracles is not Christianity, but the anti-religious element of the philosophies of Marx, Lenin, Russell. "Then where is He," said Procula. The case that must now be stated is the case for any religion at all…. Thus it is that Christianity finds itself "Let loose in the world, lady," Longinus replied, in point of fact aligned. in this world-wit.le issue with the "where neither Roman nor Jew can stop His non-Chrstian faiths of Asia. truth."

Seek ye first the kingdom of God, and all these things shall be added unto you. Luke 12: 31.

Such is the promise; how about the fact? Look back over your life. Have you sought first the extension of God's rule and the incorporation into your own life of His righteousness?

If so, have you in a life of consecrated service actually suffered from want?

"When I sent you forth without purse, or script, or shoes," says the Master, "lacked ye anything?" Like them we must answer, "Nothing." Has one promise of the Lord, in which you rested in faith, failed you? Imagination may picture to us possible want in the future; but when memory draws the scenes on the canvas of the past, she witnesses that, to all His Word, He is faithful that promised. ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

OLD MOUNTAIN HOME NEAR PITTMAN CENTER, TENNESSEE PITTMAN CENTER, WHERE MOUNTAINEERS ARE

Transforming a Gap in the Mountains By JAYS. STOWELL, Philadelphia, Pa. -.~ Director of the Bureau of Publicity, Board of Home Missions, }5t— Methodist Episcopal Church MORE than twenty years ago a home mis- the big world the story was told, friends became sionary wandered into a lonely mountain interested, and after some years things began region some miles from Sevierville, Ten- to happen. nessee. To reach his destination, he had been Human welfare is closely associated with buildobliged to cross and recross a turbulent mountain ings. The first building was erected in this gap.

stream and to pick his way over and around boul- Nothing like it had ever been seen in those Tenders, stumps, ruts, and other impediments which nessee mountains. It was tall, long, and broad; had accumulated over a long period of years, dur- in it were many rooms in which many sorts of ing which ·nature and a rather sluggish mountain helpful activities could be carried on. The build- folk had done little to change the tenor of a life ing was more than a school, for it was a place of which was already one hundred years behind that recreation, a church, and, in the best sense, a in the world outside. There was much of igno- community center. Many who had never before rance, a great deal of superstition, and a general seen so large a building came from the cracks and feeling that things were what they were and that crannies of the mountain to share in the pro- there was little that could be done about the mat- grams, the like of which they had never before ter. There was a type of religion, but of the experienced. Gradually there began to grow up crudest sort, and its leaders were uncouth and around this imposing building neat but smaller untutored. Moonshining prevailed and frequent structures where workers could live and where violence was expected. Many boys and girls were other programs could be carried on.

growing up with no education and even those who One of these new buildings was a medical cenattended the crude mountain schools got but a few ter, and, before long, a doctor was placed in weeks of indifferent attention each year from a charge of the medical program. From time al- relatively untrained teacher. most immemorial, the people. in these mountains Such a situation was enough to stir the hardest had been born, lived, and died without any proheart, but it did more than that in the. sympathetic fessional medical attention. A nurse was emmIssIOnary. It aroused his deepest sympathies ployed and traveled up the streams, carrying her and his most profound interest. Something had ministry of health to people who had never known to be done, but the resources of mountain cabins, what a nurse was intended to do. Boys and girls where regular cash incomes were almost un- and men and women were found to be suffering known, were not sufficient to meet the need. In from all sorts of unnecessary diseases; there was [279 ]

ignorance concerning the most rudimentary laws fruit, but the mountaineers did not know how of health; the death rate was amazingly high, to take advantage of their opportunities. Acand nothing but an equally amazing large birth cordingly, apple trees and other fruit trees, serate kept the population from extinction. Opera- cured for a few cents each, were made available tions needed to be performed and chronic phys- for planting. That was not many years ago and ical ailments were cured. In order that the moun- yet today thousands of bushels of apples are pro- duced in that territory where, a few years ago, DR. THOMAS INOCULATING SCHOOL CHILDREN AT there was almost no fruit. Similar improvements PITTMAN CIDNTER, TENNESSEE were carried on in the growing of tomatoes and various garden vegetables. This development may tain people might not feel that they were recip- be traced directly to the missionary who had. a ients of charity, a charge was made for this vision. medical service, although cash payments were often not possible, and the pay came in the form It was discovered that the mountain women had of the simple products which the mountaineer considerable skill in the weaving of rugs and the could raise on his own few acres, or could capture making of baskets and in other lines of handicraft. by use of his gun in the woods. A great new day These' home industries were developed and a began to dawn up and down the creeks along market was found for the products. As a result, which the mountain people usually live. The mis- thousands of dollars have come into the commusionary was not content with a well organized edu- nity from the outside world for these hand-made cational program and a medical ministry, added to products. the religious ministry which provided reverent worship, religious training for boys and girls and Community pride was stimulated in many ways, a continuous pastoral ministry in the mountain but perhaps in no way more effectively than by homes. the promotion of the annual fair for which people from the mountains worked for months. Home- It did not require a Solomon to arrive at the grown vegetables were exhibited and housewives conclusion that, to a considerable extent, the inadequate economic opportunities of the people ac- ENCOURAGING MOUNTAIN HANDICRAFT AT PITTMAN CENTER counted for the distressing conditions. It was not possible to move these mountain people from their homes and from the little mountain homesteac;ls which they had come to love. But there were things that could be done. Most of the mountain folk had one or more cows, but these were often of a low grade, so that the milk supply was poor. The missionary began to take steps toward the improvement of the cattle strain and very marked progress was made. A similar plan was followed with pigs and chickens, so that the old razorback hog, always an unprofitable creature, became well-nigh extinct. Broods of fine pullets were loaned and the pay taken in a part of the proceeds so that before long a better grade of poultry was found around mountain cabins. The mountainsides were well adapted to the raising of

ITINERANT MINISTRIES IN REMOTE PLACES

vied with each other in preparing the most beau- It might be possible to give figures concerning tiful displays of canned vegetables and fruits. the number of young people who have attended Pamphlets were obtained from the Government and graduated from this school; to point out the in order that the best methods of canning might number of home calls made by the visiting nurse; be used. Many of the products of mountain to list the number of babies ushered into the homes, such as rugs, coverlets, baskets, and the world by a trained doctor; to count the number like were also displayed at these fairs. of diseased tonsils removed; to estimate the tons of foodstuffs produced; to enumerate the number Next attention was given to roads and today, of persons who have joined the church or proinstead of wandering about through the bed of fessed conversion in the religious meetings held, the stream and crossing and recrossing through or to set down many other tables of facts which the water, as one approaches this gap in the could be assembled concerning this work. But mountain, we can drive over a good road ang none of them by themselves nor all of them toreach our destination in relative comfort. gether, can quite tell the story, for the life that this humble home missionary, with his assistants, The enterprise was given the name of Pittman has brought into the dark caverns of the moun- Center from one of its chief benefactors. To an tains, is something beyond ordinary tabulation. outsider there is nothing particularly romantic, It can only be written in the Book of Life itself, poetic or imposing about the name, but it means and when that is written, the -story of the Tennesmuch to those who have watched Pittman Center see mountains must have a very important chapgrow during the past fifteen years and to those ter devoted to Pittman Center and to the Rev. who have shared in its ministry. To thousands J. S. Burnett, a missionary of the Gospel of Jesus of boys and girls and young people in the moun- Christ, who, while laboring in a crack in the tains it has meant opportunity for education, for mountains, caught a vision which he has, to some religious training, and for a new outlook upon life extent at least, been able to transform into a which never would have been theirs had the home reality. mission forces of the country overlooked this gap in a rather rugged and forbidding country.

Itinerant Ministries in Remote Places By REV. COE HAYNE, New York Department of Publicity, Literature and Research, The American Baptist Home Mission Society THE historian's assertion that our geograph- flows continually. About this spring and the dam ical frontiers have vanished may lead us to that has been constructed below it is a cluster of forget that cities are still giving birth to oak trees beneath which in the old days the Indowntown tenements and uptown suburbs and that dians were accustomed to resort. Rev. C. F. homesteading still goes on. Great numbers of Brown, colporteur-missionary in a great section people in urban and rural sections of America of North Dakota, each year plans to hold an allhave no religious privileges afforded them except day service on the Diamond C Ranch especially by virtue of the activities of devoted home mis- for the Russian people who have settled upon sionaries. While there are no longer great areas homesteads in large numbers although widely sepnewly opened to settlement there are still vast arated. Many others attend. The last round-up spiritual areas unexplored. Thousands of homes of the kind was held Sunday, July 29,1934. Three are still far removed from organized churches and hundred people attended, some traveling over just around the corner in every settled com- twenty miles to do so. As usual seats were armunity are neighbors languishing spiritually for ranged under the trees. Three speakers, includwant of Christian sympathy and companionship. ing a Russian, gave four messages during the day. A Sunday school session was held in the forenoon. Gospel Round-up on the "Diamond 0" An hour was devoted to dinner. The dam below the spring provided deep, clean water for a bap- On the southern slope of the Killdeer Moun- tismal service. In 1934 two and in 1933 sixteen tains, North Dakota, sprawls the Diamond C were baptized here. Ranch. The property is blessed with a spring that

A Funeral in the Killdeer Oountry open and said, 'This is the only shirt I have. The last time my wife washed this for me, I had to go Early in October, following the service on the to bed until it was dry.' Diamond C Ranch, Missionary Brown went about fifty miles to begin services in a Russian Baptist "Well, what would you have done in this. case? Church. This is the only Russian Baptist Church I said to him, 'Come out to the car, I have some in the Killdeer Mountain territory. It has no pas- clothes you may be able to make use of. We went tor. The deacons carryon the preaching services. out to the car and I began to take the clothes out. Then I decided to take them into the house where As soon as Mr. Brown arrived in the community his wife and little girl were. I gave them two or he heard that a baby girl, six months old, had died three nice new Turkish towels, a second-hand coat that day in a Greek Catholic home. There are no for the oldest girl, a second-hand pair of stock- Greek Catholic priests for the Russians in that ings for the mother, a warm jacket for the smallarea and Mr. Brown's visit to this home was ac- est girl, hats for four of the family and a sack of ceptable to the family. marbles for the smallest girl. This is all I had. They thanked me over and over for the things, Mr. Brown continues the story: then after kneeling in prayer and praying for "I went over twice that day to the home and the them, and thanking God for the givers who made last time, after reading the Bible and praying, I this giving possible, I took my departure. Later was about to leave when the father of the little I took some second-hand shirts to the man." girl followed me to the door. I turned and asked him if he had engaged anyone to take charge of A Skeleton Key Admits Sixty the funeral. He said, 'No.' Then he asked me if I was going to be around there at the time of the "I had announced a preaching service at a coun· funeral, and I told him that I was and that I could try schoolhouse for October 14th in the evening," help if he wished me to. He said that would be continues Missionary Brown of North Dakota. all right. Evidently he had intended to have the "So far as I know no service has ever been held baby taken out and buried without any funeral as there before. When we got there all was dark. he could not afford to pay for a Greek Catholic 1 got out my skeleton key which I always carry service. in the car and unlocked the building. When we "The next day we deposited the casket into the lighted a light we saw that all the contents were rear end of a truck without an undertaker and piled up in the center of the room for they had started for the church near the cemetery. When been painting the inside. Well, we moved things we got there and took the casket out, two or three around and got things in shape for a service. asked me if they should take the body into the When it was time to begin there were fifteenpeochurch to which I answered 'Certainly.' You see pIe present, and by the time they stopped coming some of the people believed that as the baby had there must have been fifty-five or sixty present. not been baptized and therefore was unsaved its Half of them had to stand up. Everyone was body should not be taken into the church. We surprised to see the rest there, and it was certainly took the casket in and had a 'real' funeral service an agreeable surprise to me. Two weeks later we for the little one. This made a deep impression organized a Sunday school in that schoolhouse." on the parents. They invited me. home for supper and insisted on my staying there several nights Oonversion of An Aged Pioneer during the meetings that followed." The parish of Rev. J. S. Umberger of Okanogan, While the Turkeys Fed on Grasshoppers Washington, is said to be the largest county in the United States save one. Okanogan County ex- "On the 11th of October," wrote Missionary tends 88 miles east and west and 100 miles north Brown of North Dakota, "I stopped at a Russian and south, and contains 18,000 white and 2,500 farmhouse. The man was standing in the yard. Indians. Most of the members of the church, We spoke and I remarked that it was a nice day. which is the only Baptist church in the county, He said, 'It isn't very nice. The weather and live in rural communities, many miles from everything else is wrong. There is no money, no Okanogan. The nearest church of the same comfeed for the stock, nothing to eat, and no clothes.' munion is the First Baptist Church of Wenatchee, 93 miles away. Up Salmon Creek Valley twelve "While I was talking with him, his oldest daugh- miles reside several members of the church. Apple' ter came out and drove the turkeys out into the orchards, cattle raising and mining engage their sun-scorched fields to feed on grasshoppers as attention. During fall and winter the roads bethere was no feed for them at the house. The come impassable and church attendance from that coyotes had killed twenty-one of the turkeys section falls away. From Conconuly eighteen awhile before and now they had to herd them. miles north come a number of members; also from Malott, Omak, Orville, Riverside, Tanasket "I urged him to come out to our services, but he said he had no fit clothes. He pulled his jacket

WORKING FOR THE MIGRANT WORKERS

and Loomis. During the summer, on Communion minded him that she would not cease to pray for Sundays, people drive in from points as distant as him. Orville, 54 miles north, Peteros 34 miles south and various points between. The Methow Valley, 68 Two months later the worship service at Okanomiles away, contributes its quota of worshipers. gan was interrupted by a messenger from an- Out of the thirteen families on the Indian reserva- other old pioneer who lay dying at his home in tion eleven miles east of the Columbia River that Riverside, twenty-one miles away, asking if Mr. are engaged in grain and stock raising, nine are Umberger would come to his bedside. The pastor represented in the church membership. left his pulpit at once turning the service over to Mrs. Umberger. He reached the dying man in During a week in the Loomis neighborhood, time to hear his testimony of faith. "I knew that fifty-four miles northwest of Okanogan, Mr. Um- you would help me just as you did that old man at berger was heartened by the conversion of a Loomis," he told the missionary. Two days later pioneer eighty-four years of age who related that he passed away and a large number of people fifty-eight years before his mother in bidding him from the countryside gathered to honor his good-bye when he left his Indiana home had re- memory.

Working for the Migrant Workers By ADELA J. BALLARD, San Francisco, California Western Supervisor of Migrant Work; Council of Women ~- for Home Missions T HE family case worker of the local social of the families you are caring for work every agency receives the anxious-faced nurse re- possible hour. But if migratory Tommy Jones luctantly. Both know too well the result of needs a crutch or a pair of glasses or hospitalizathe forthcoming interview. Just inside the door tion both the counties in which the work has been of the office stands a migratory family-father done will repudiate responsibility for the needs and mother shabbily dressed with two small chil- of the migrant. Meanwhile the migratory worker dren clinging to the mother's skirts, a child of two who is giving honest service sees the transient, years or less in the father's arms shows decided who has refused to work, getting aid! He gets a signs of malnutrition. free ride and food allowance to take him back to his home. Show me how to cut the red tape Case worker (helplessly)-"I know all you say . . ." Her tone as she left the final sentence is true. The family has worked. They are will- unfinished was most expressive. ing to take any possible work. They came in response to agricultural need. The work has not The nurse nodded curtly. In her heart she paid a living wage, to say nothing of providing knew that the case worker was helpless and that for the period between the harvests. But you the case worker knew she was aware of the hopeknow how my hands are tied. These people are lessness of the situation. The nurse turned toneither residents nor are they citizens!" ward the door without attempt at argument. The migratory family followed disconsolately. Nurse (heatedly)-"No, but they are hungry and homeless. The work has been done within the "The only way we kin git to be resident," venstate. They are not cross:-state migrants. All tured the man timidly as he bundled his family of the year has been spent in two counties. They into the auto, "is to jus' quit tryin' to fin' work have served the community and the children are an' jus' hang on here! Cotton don't make a livin' citizens." all year no way. We might git on relief then, but once ye git on an' ye take a day's work ye git off! Case worker (sympathetically)-"Granted. But An' ye'll starve good'n dead afore ye git on agin! (frowning and speaking sarcastically) relief is Looks like they jus' use us and thin fergit us!" organized on the basis of citizenship and residence. We do not think it best to care for the "No!" corrected the nurse. "Isn't the grower transient. He has a residence somewhere and allowing you free housing while you wait for may be returned to his home at public expense another' harvest?" even though he is deliberately seeing the world on relief funds! I'm aware of the fact that most "Yep," agreed the man. "He's been right good I" And then. slowly, "But we want work!

We don't want charity. If we work fer what the ing with bitterness, a ready prey to the agitator grower kin pay, the 'pinkies' [communists] tell us advising strikes, hunger marches and violence.

they'll bust our heads, iffen e work fer less than This is particularly true in these days when many they say. We know the grower don' git nuff to of the workers of a higher type have been forced pay no such money an' though he sez he'll pertect out of steady employment and into the ranks of us, an' he duz while we'er workin', when we git the migrating throng. in town then hell ketches us. So what's a feller Lack of funds restrict home mission work for the migratory laborer, but in a few selected areas goin' ter do!" enough has been done to prove that the social and The nurse, serving under the Council of Women the religious agencies may lighten all of life for for Home Missions, felt herself unable to answer the wandering group. The results have convinced the question. The problem of the one worker was the community, the grower, the county, federal the problem of two million other workers in the and church agencies that earlier effort to lift , agricultural areas of the United States, and it is standards in the migrant camps failed because of not only the problem of the adult worker. These lack of cooperation between agencies and not attitudes on the part of the state and county because of the lack of response on the part of the migratory laborer.

In one state an officer in the Department of Immigration and Housing observed the work done by the Council of Women for Home Missions in an area where there was little local cooperation.

He invited the missionary nurse into an area where thousands of migratory workers were used and where he would be able to secure intelligent cooperation from various agencies. Four years ago the work began. This season the program as planned is a good example of what can be done in many other localities.

Instead of many scattering camps, difficult to supervise, there will be two large camps. Floors will be provided for the tent city. There will be a full time doctor for the period of the harvest.

Water has been piped into the camps and showers provided for the workers. There will be a camp supervisor for each camp and the missionary nurse to take full charge of the nursing service '

for the camps. The religious and character edu- cational programs are acknowledged to be an essential part of the work in the camps. The county provides the funds for the support of the A MIGRANT WORKER'S TYPICAL TENT HOME nurse and for the doctor. The local community pays for the lease of the camp site; the S. E. R. A.

relief agencies condition the lives of two hundred for the set-up and better sanitation and for the thousand children whose parents follow the crops. camp supervisors. Local club and church women The migratory wQrker has stated the problem will give volunteer aid of ·various types. A local justly. He recognized the helplessness of the church woman has foregone a month of rent for grower to overcome economic handicaps or to her flat in order that it may be reserved for the protect the migratory laborer from the threat of use of the missionary nurse.

the professional agitator. NOr can the grower help But it was the Church which began this pro- the migratory family to secure residence unless gram and the response is the influence which has he encourages them to become applicants for re- brought about an intelligent cooperation on the lief; few areas and no one crop can give contin- part of the migratory workers. It took not pro- uous employment. In order to obtain citizenship fessional nursing skill alone, but an understand-, there must be residence within a community for ing friendliness, to win the migratory family and a period of years! This is generally impossible introduce an educational program which will for the agricultural worker. The fact that the change habits of life and types of thought.

state and the county in which the work has been Out of the years of service in this one commu- done repudiates responsibility leaves hearts seeth- nity has grown a consciousness of the interrela-

tion of all of life. Religious education alone or stop violence and safeguard the migratory work- health service alone could not meet the need. The ers. The treatment of the Filipino in the agricul- Missionary Council had no right to lift from the tural camps, the attitude of the local communities, community the responsibility for the better hous- the prejudice against the East Indian, are other ing, sanitation, health and social relationships of instances where conditions in migratory groups this group serving in the state; but it could and threaten to disturb international relations.

did lead in creating attitudes which recognized A third thing is the relation of conditions in facts and ended in cooperatively meeting the need. the migratory camps to Christian service abroad.

Students from other countries, especially those coming from the Orient, very often serve in agri- cultural fields to finance work in school. Many times such students are the product of missions abroad. They come to America expeclting to find Christian fellowship, but, instead of this find racial prejudice, injustice, impossible living con- ditions, intolerance. As a result faith in Chris- tianity dies and word goes back home that Christianity does not function in America. The missionary in the Orient, and elsewhere, thus finds the work doubly hard. Unless we change our treatment of the agricultural worker from SUNDAY SCHOOL FOR MIGRANT WORKERS India, China, Japan, the Philippines we shall find the work abroad greatly hampered.

This one project is typical of the work of the Lastly, but not least, the young people of the Council in its efforts to meet the need-in the churches today are demanding a Christian ap- cotton fields, in the tobacco plantation, in fruit proach to the social and economic situation of orchards, in cannery areas, in berry patches.

Whether establishing a Christian center, a day nursery or recreational center, or the sending of a Christian nurse and a public health program, the effort is to enlist all agencies responsible for the welfare of the migratory workers. Last year fifty-seven projects were carried on by the Councn in eleven states and many thousands of lives were touched. Forty per cent of the cost of this service was paid by the growers' groups, cannery execu- tives and local communities.

The challenge to the Church is fourfold: This migratory procession numbers millions and is largely untouched by Christian influence. Its childhood is a huge segment of our future citizen- ship. If present conditions are unaltered, these children bid fair to become shifting vagabonds, illiterate and with little or no sense of community responsibility. In California figures show that .

27,000 children of school age are in the agricul- tural camps. In one town in Texas 1400 children ENJOYING A SUN BATH IN CAMP are out of the local school, working in the truck gardens for many months of the year. Thousands the age. They are seeking cooperative service of children are out of school from May to Novem- which enables all agencies, religious and social, ber following the crops in eastern areas. to work together. It has been amazing to note The influence of the general attitude toward the response when this mission work is presented migratory workers in areas where race riots take to young people's groups. One young man, hear- place is a menace to world peace. Last year the ing of it for the first time, said, "I'm sick and treatment of the Japanese going into the agricul- tired of all this fussing about things not being tural areas of the Salt River Valley, intensified evangelistic! As I read my Bible Jesus Christ Japan's resentment against America, in spite of said, 'Go out and do something.' Some of us the fact that Arizona did everything possible to have to preach by our acts, and I'll bet those

COOPERATION AND UNION IN HOME MISSIONS

people get more of a Christian message out of a makes the task more difficult. The camps that nurse rolling up her sleeves and helping them have been touched are pitifully few. when they have a sick baby or a burned kid, than from a preacher coming in once a month to The day has passed when the worker from the preach a sermon! When she goes to court with Council must beg to enter a camp in an agriculthem or puts up a good, clean recreational pro- tural area. The camps asking for a worker far gram and keeps them out of mischief-well, it's exceed the posibilities of the funds available for me for that kind of evangelism!" this cooperative service. County doctors write, "If you could come in for just one season I know And the migrant can be reached. The migra- our growers would finance the service, but they tory family does respond to friendliness. It is cannot believe the work can be done until they possible to inspire a real appreciation of better have actually seen the results." . housing; it is possible to secure better school attendance; it is possible to teach the parent the In the meantime, children are asking as did one reason for restricting his liberty in using the boy overheard after the story hour in "hops," child as a wage earner; it is possible to make of "Who's this guy, God, she's talking about!" the migratory worker a Christian American citizen-but each day of neglect of this challenge And we have not the funds with which to send workers to tell the story!

Cooperation and Union in Home Missions 4f{ I~v. WM. R. KING, D.D., New York ~- – ~ecretary of the Home Missions Council W HAT we see of cooperation and union "warring factions" and see nothing but confusion among the Protestant churches of America and unholy rivalry. Most critics lack historic per- today depends upon the extent of our ob- spective. They base their measurements of progservations and the spirit and method of our in- ress made upon the distance from the goal to be vestigations. As a rule we see in this world just reached rather than upon the distance already about what we look for. Some people do l10t find covered from the starting point.

any cooperation between churches because they It is true, however, that we have "not yet at- do not look for it, or do not look in the right places. tained" satisfactory cooperation and union, but They look for competition and rivalry and see we are "pressing on" with encouraging speed.

plenty. Some years ago I rode a little mountain Cooperation between denominations and among pony for eight days through the tiger and elephant the churches is still very young. The years of jungles of Laos-northern Siam. We were told maturity have not been reached by any means.

that it was a dangerous journey, that the jungles The movement is still in the tender and timid years were infested with tigers and wild elephants. We of childhood and early adolescence.

did not see a tiger or a wild elephant. We were If we go back only a quarter of a century we not hunting for them. We were looking for mis- find practically no interdenominational coopera- sionaries and native Christiansantl we found tion. The older societies, like the American Bible them. Sometimes we make unexpected discov- Society, the American Tract Society, and the eries, but, as a rule, we find what we seek. American Sunday School Union are not interde- It is so with interchurch cooperation. If peo- nominational but are associations of like-minded ple want to believe that the churches are given individuals interested in certain things with no over utterly to competition and divisiveness they denominational control or direction.

can find plenty of evidence to support their views. For three hundred years American Protestant- If they want to believe that the churches are learn- ism was almost wholly divisive. Denominations ing to cooperate and unite they can find abundant were all out for "a place in the sun." Forty or'

proof. The trouble with many who condemn the more divisions of European Protestantism were church for lack of cooperation is their point of transplanted to this country from the "father- view. They project themselves far ahead on some lands" during the first 200 years of our history.

high point of Utopia, where things are supposed Soon they began to spawn and new breeds came to be perfect and all people to be saints, and from into existence until today we have more than 200 that exalted position they look down upon the so-called denominations. About thirty years ago a few far-seeing leaders working upon such mergers and the likelihood is began to cry out against unwise and unholy di- that within the next few years most of the states visions. The first were our foreign missionaries. and many of their counties will have one inclusive They saw the sin of it and began to think and plan Council of Churches which will include in its set- and work together against their common foes and up and program all the interests of the church for the same great common ends. The China within the state.

Council was organized in the early part of this But this is not half the story of the development century. Intermissionary councils and commis- of cooperation and union within the last two sions and conferences were set up on other mis- decades. sion fields. Then the Foreign Mission Boards caught the vision and the spirit of cooperation and Comity and cooperation among local churches the Foreign Missionary Conference was organ- and on local fields have made commendable progized by Mission Board secretaries. The formation ress. More has been accomplished along these of other interdenominational, intermissionary lines in the last two decades than in all the preagencies followed. vious years of American church history. Today comity committees exist in nearly all the large Then the Home Mission Boards began to catch cities and in most of the states. There are perthe vision and were stirred by the same spirit of haps 2,000 Union churches of all types throughcooperation. The Home Missions Council, the out the country. Many cooperative projects are Council of Women for Home Missions, and the being carried on cooperatively by missionary Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America were all organized in 1908. This was the boards and local churches. Home mission fields real beginning of organized planned interdenom- have been allocated. A number of types of work inational cooperation in America. There had been have been merged into departments, bureaus and committees of the two Home Missions Councils, some worthy forerunners, some daring Johns the such as work among Migrants, Indian children in Baptists, preparing the way, but 1908 was the or- Government schools, work among Jews, bureaus ganic beginning of interdenominational, inter- of Church Architecture, Summer Schools for church cooperation for work in the ho.meland. Rural Pastors, Rural Life Sunday, World Day of The spirit deepened; the movement spread. Prayer, religious programs and community Other national organizations saw the need of coop- churches in connection with government public eration. The Christian colleges formed a council. works. An increasing number of service activi- The old Sunday School Association of individuals ties, that can be carried on together better than interested in the teaching of the Bible became by separate denominations, are being committed the International Council of Religious Educa- to the Councils.

tion of the Churches of North America, and No Subsidies for Competitive Projects within the last few months there has come another very significant development of interdenomina- The most recent step in comity has been taken tional cooperation in the new cooperative working by five of the constituent Home Mission Boards relationship of the International Council of Reli- Qf the Home Missions Council within this year.

gious Education, the Federal Council of the These Boards have worked out "master lists" of Churches of Christ in America, the Home Mis- all their home mission aid to churches, and have sions Council and the Council of Women for Home given notice to these aid-receiving churches that Missions. These Councils have set up a joint com- after December 31, 1935, these subsidies will be mittee of fifteen to coordinate the programs and withdrawn from all churches that are in competi- the activities of these four interdenominational tive situations. Questions of competition must be Councils. At last these great national coordi:. settled by the state or the national Home Mission nating agencies are beginning to practice their Councils or Comity Committees before that date.

own preachment. Now that they are beginning to There is no place here for details. We can speak take their own medicine it is to be hoped the de- only in general terms, but these things mentioned nominations will have more confidence in their are steps in the right direction. Some are more prescriptions. successful than others but all have helped to move This new spirit and practice of cooperation is the Church along toward the desired goal. No taking form in recent mergers of state councils one plan or method of cooperation will fit all places of churches. Already ten states have merged the or work everywhere one hundred per cent perfect.

Councils of Religious Education and the Councils Great care must be exercised in each case to find of Churches and the Home Missions Councils into the best plan. Sometimes the best plan is the one inclusive State Council of Churches, or as in allocation of fields and types of work and special some cases, Councils of Churches and Religious projects and churches to some one denomination.

Education. Seven or eight other states are now For example, Alaska, some of the states, and

some of the islands of the West Indies, and nearly authority on this subject, says "a large measure of readiness for union has come to prevail genall the foreign mission fields, have been allocated. erally in American Protestantism."

Other plans include the mutual exchange of I believe that we are working along the right line. Cooperation is the word upon which we churches and fields and projects between denom- must ring the changes at the present time. Union may come–in many cases will come. Weare inations; the federation of churches, and (in the ready now for cooperation. Ultimate union de- pends upon present cooperation. There is wisdom judgment of many, the least effective) the or- in not pressing organic union too hard or too fast, but surely the time is here for cooperation, espeganization of independent community churches. cially in the great missionary work of the churches, both at home and abroad. All of these methods have their advantages and There can be no further advance except as we disadvantages. But they are first steps that must go forward together. A few days ago I saw a truck in Chicago with these words in large letters be taken before the churches can run together in across its side – "Coordinated Transport." Can the Church be as wise as truckmen? perfect union. Sometimes these steps have been faltering, but they have marked a good deal of progress-"we are on our way." , The trend in cooperation has had its most marked demonstration in the organic union of denominations. Since 1900 there have been eleven organic unions of churches involving twenty-five denominations. Rev. H. Paul Douglass, our best The Unchurched Children of America I By the REV. R. W. McGRANAHAN, D.D., Pittsburgh, Pa. -<tSf Associate Secretary of the Board of American Missions, United Presbyterian Church of North America THE importance of bringing child life into 2. The neglected children of the slum areas in close contact with the vital spiritual forces large cities and those in crowded industrial sec- of the Church is self-evident. Here is the tions. clay, awaiting the skilful shaping of the Potter. Here are the lives, awaiting guidance, which will 3. The children of foreign descent, not Amereither make or unmake ,the next generation. The icanized, whose parents have a nominal relation Church will win or lose according as she succeeds to their ancestral church but are now indifferent or fails in reaching· the children. This responsi- to any religious influence. bility goes far beyond simply bringing in the children of families already within the fold. The 4. The children of the godless rich, who give great home mission task today in reaching the neither time nor place for religion. In fullyunchurched groups has no challenge comparable churched communities there are hosts of children to that of plans that give a larger place to reach- who have no contact with the Church of Christ. ing the children of all who are accessible to the Gospel. If the children are won the next genera- Freely speaking, it is estimated that half the tion is won. children of America are in these various groups, so that, of the 34,000,000 American boys and girls Who are these unchurched children? Many of school age only about 17,000,000 are receiving families have such slight touch with the vital, any definite Bible instruction or Christian guidspiritual forces that they could scarcely be classi- ance that will prepare them to solve their life fied as churched, and beyond this a vast number problems. If we exclude those of high school age, of children are destitute of any contact with this about 13,000,000 younger boys and girls are outinstitution founded by Christ to unite His people side such influence. Some of these are under ininto one body. They may be enumerated as fol- fluences antagonistic to the Church; others are lows: in an atmosphere of indifference to religion, while very many are_only awaiting an invitation to be- 1. Those unchurched geographically. They are come followers of Christ. found in isolated farming communities, mining sections, and areas from which the church has What other possible challenge to the Church moved .out, new communities opened by various can compare with this! industrial ventures. From the jungle of neglect of religious training for the young comes the monster of "crime men- ace" that terrifies America ,today. The "Red

THE UNCHURCHED CHILDREN OF AMERICA

menace" of revolution and atheism lurks in that day school period means the departure of children same jungle. If the Church and the nation are and youth in utter indifference to church worship to survive the youth must be saved. We must which usually follows. Here is a great challenge recognize our responsibility, not only for the chil- to lead into church life and activity those enrolled dren who belong to the Church by reason of the in the Sunday school. Every denomination should parents' affiliation, but the unchurched children use every means to prevent this loss to the Church. must be reached or the whole nation is threatened. 2. It should be our aim to reach all within the It is amazing how lightly the responsibility for bounds of the parish who may be willing to religious instruction and guidance rests upon our respond to a kindly approach. An offer to call shoulders as American citiz·ens. We insist that and accompany the children to the church service ample provision must be made for secular educa- might be one of the first steps taken. The varition and we pay billions in taxes for that purpose. ous communions might institute a program While we admit that training the mind and neg- through their Sunday school agencies so that lecting the moral and spiritual may simply make every congregation shall carryon an organized more cunning knaves, we fail to see cause for campaign to greatly increase the number of chilalarm in the growing demand to eliminate from dren under religious instruction. our schools all Bible reading and teaching of moral standards. The great Luther Burbank, who was a 3. There is the challenge to reach unchurched philosopher as well as wonderful plant wizard and communities, mining districts and industrial areas scientist, never lost an opportunity to remind us by some plan of interdenominational work, or that "if we took no· better care of our plants than assignment of such areas to various denominawe do of our childr·en we would be living in a tions. The fact' that most of such areas do not jungle of weeds." The Duke of Wellington used promise the establishment of a self-supporting even stronger terms when he said: "Educate chil- church makes it difficult to induce churches to dren without religion and you make a race of assume responsibility. But such mission work as clever devils." this must be done to save America.

One of the most sinister signs of our times is 4. The big task that will require constructive the deliberate effort to alienate the youth of to- planning and far-sighted statesmanship is to make day by atheistic teaching in high schools and col- effective religious contact with the millions of leges. It was the boast of a teacher in one of our children enrolled in our public schools who now universities, recently dismissed because of his receive no religious instruction. The public school flagrant offences in atheistic propaganda, "They is the only agency which reaches all the children. used to say, 'give me the child till he is 8 years of In most states religious and ethical instruction age and you can have him after that!' But give and even character building have now been elimme a boy or girl for two years in college in the inated from the public school. Dr. Paul D. Eddy teens and I can take his religion out of him." has presented the following plan of cooperation The Church is responsible for seeing that our that should enlist all churches and character-buildschool boards, our church college boards and our ing agencies in every community: state schools do not permit teaching destructive of the Christian faith and life. The principle of separation of Church and State will not necessarily mean the separation of public education Is it not high time that a definite program and religious education in the sense of eliminating moral should be formulated and put into effect to reach and spiritual values or the great basic elements in rethis unchurched half of America's children? It ligion. . . . The new advance of home missions and is truly gratifying that serious consideration is Christian education must be in the field of reaching this being given to it by church bodies, and Sunday unchurched group. New trails in the field cannot be school organizations. blazed by individual denominational effort or independent local church programs. . . . The solution of the problem The challenge to the Church to save her own of reaching the unchurched, providing adequate religious children and to reach the millions of the un- training for all children and youth is to be found in the churched children' in America presents many cooperative study and planning by the Church with all problems, some of which are difficult. the major character agencies in the community: the government, public schools, homes and other agencies. 1. Those enrolled in the Sunday school must be The building of an intelligently coordinated program for won to Christ. Surely the Church must concern character building in the community is the only effective herself deeply with this need. solution.

It is comparatively easy to enroll children in If such a cooperative movement be launched promptly the Sunday school and thus bring them under and enthusiasm created for it such as was realized in the religious influence, even when parents are wholly launching of the Student Volunteer Movement, and plans indifferent, but it is very disturbing to see the made for a sustained program through the future, this wholesale manner in which the close of the Sun- movement might well be hailed as the greatest achieve- ment of our century thus far. May the outcome match the need of these times and reach effectively some of the millions of unchurched children of America!

A Re–Emphasis of Spiritual

By REV. PAUL DAWSON EDDY, M.A., New York Director, Vacation and Week.Day Church Schools, ln~ernational Council of Religious Education "THE Church which for years has professed the economically, insecure, the emotionally un- its interest and concern over the weak and stable, or the mentally retarded child. It is in- helpless, almost turns its back upon these creasingly apparent that these agencies cannot unfortunate children. They ·are not invited. adequately meet the character needs of the total They are too dirty, uncouth and wild. Perhaps group of children and youth of the community they might also contaminate those within the fold. through their independent, unrelated and often At any rate few are called and few come." This competitive program. The State Superintendent is the conclusion of a study of fourteen thousand of Public Instruction in Nebraska states that the juvenile delinquents who appeared before the schools alone are impotent in the face of character courts of Los Angeles in three years. * education needs of the day. The Tenth Year Book "The position of the Church today is one of con- of the National Education Association also states, fusion and uncertainty. It has lost much of the "Our society today awaits a new integration of authority with which it at one time was clothed." t knowledge, aspiration and human purpose – it These are serious indictments from the courts would seem to be a task essentially religious in of a state and the leaders in public education. nature."

They challenge the Christian Church to a reeval- Through the segregation of religion and the uation of its program and work. Such a study secularization of education in the 19th century would lead to the conclusion that the Church has violence has been done to Church and State, and failed to provide adequate Christian character to individual and social character. The narrow training for the less privileged economically, so- sectarianism of our colonial church fathers was cially and culturally, as well as for those of the a contributing factor to the separation of religion more privileged classes. Of course there are in- and education. This isolation of religion from dividual exceptions of successful programs but in the daily educational experiences of the child has general the groups from which our largest num- led to cynicism, materialism and the disintegra- ber of juvenile delinquents come are not reached tion of personality.

by Protestant home missions, Christian educa- During the past decade or more one can discover tion or the Church. Possibly these organizations a distinct trend to reintegrate the basically reli- do not possess the understanding or technique gious or spiritual elements in the program of for attracting and training these children, youth public education and character building. "No and adults. greater task rests upon the secondary schools than In fairness it should be stated that the public to help its pupils find their God. . . . When this schools and the other community character build- orientation takes place life assumes poise, dig- ing agencies have also failed, side by side with the ni,ty, grandeur. Otherwise its strivings, its Church, to reach these groups. While the public struggles, its achievements seem trivial and in- schools may record the attendance of these chil- significant.:!: dren, few would claim that the average public This quiet return to fundamental spiritual school with its traditional regemented program values should be recognized and encouraged by all really meets the consummate needs of these religious faiths. It is a function of the Christian groups. Because compulsory education laws in- Church to permeate the life of the community sure attendance, it does not follow that the time agencies and to appreciate every contribution to of the pupil is spent in creative activities which character development as an aid to the "more are suited to his needs. abundant life." – Recent studies have revealed a School, church and the other community char- great storehouse of latent religious resources in acter-building agencies must admit the failure of public school curriculum and in the activities of their so-called regular programs vitally to reach many community character-building agencies.

• Bulletin, Who Is Delinquent? published by Rotary Club of Los The Church can assisUhese agencies to strengthen AntgeTlehse. Tenth Year Book of the Department of Superintendents of ~ Sixth Year Book, Department of Superintendents, N. E. A., the National Education Association, p 23. pp. 51-53.

[290 ] and enrich the spiritual basis of their program. sion, in cooperation with the major character- In addition to the permeating and indirect in- building agencies of Ohio, will establish demon- stration communities in rural and urban districts fluence, the Church has a unique and distinctive for the cooperative study of community needs and contribution to make to character development. the coordinated program building in which reli- It is a function of the Church to enrich, interpret gion will be an integral part. Duplication and and integrate experiences in terms of specifically competition in the programs of these agencies Christian ideals and purposes. This function must will be eliminated. be performed on the basis of the individual's experiences in his home, school and community, and The Commission will also study the relationship not by the isolated learning of unrelated dogma. of Church and State in education, and the func- tion of religion in character development. The We are lead to the conclusion that if the Church place of the Church in the community, and how continues to follow its traditional program of its contribution may best be made, will receive isolated religious teaching, it can never effectively careful consideration. Some form of weekday reach the unchurched millions of youth. But, if religious education will be developed which will the Church is really interested in the weak, the enrich, interpret and integrate the daily experihelpless and uncouth child, as well as in the more ences of the child in his home, school and comnormal and attractive youth, it must make its con- munity relationships. tribution in coordination with the other community character-building agencies. There is a di- The Commission is composed of national and rect and an indirect contribution which the Church state denominational leaders, leaders in public is designed to make. schools and other character-building agencies, professors of generttl education and religious edu- In Los Angeles the Juvenile Courts inaugurated cation, ministers and laymen. The Commission the plan of bringing the educational, social, civic will encourage the home, the school, the Church and religious agencies in the community into a and other agencies in their cooperative efforts to coordinating council for study and cooperative meet community needs. program building in more than seventy districts of the county. Community councils of character – building agencies are developing in a number of cities and Public school leaders in some states and com- rural areas. Research studies and the experimunities have taken the initiative in developing mental development of programs are planned. It cooperative study and community planning. Some is expected that a conference with the leaders of ministers and laymen have sensed the inadequacy the Jews, Roman Catholics and Prote&tants will of religion on Sundays only and the failure of the be held sometime in the future to consider the Church to reach the unchurched groups, so they common interest of all religious faiths in the eduhave invited leaders to study what can be done. cation and character developments of the child.

The first united Protestant program on a state- By some such united approach we may hope to wide basis to provide religious training in coopera- meet the challenge of sixteen million unchurched tion with the public schools and the other major children and youth, and may overcome the criticharacter-building agencies is developing in Ohio. cism of Juvenile Courts, public school educators, After a year of exploratory study by the Ohio and community leaders. The Church can thus re- Council and the International Council of Religious gain its lost leadership in the community and Education, a commission has been organized which make her contribution in coordination with the will officially represent the Council of Churches in other character-building agencies. Ohio, the Ohio Council of Religious Education, the Federal Council of Churches of Christ in America, Let the Church go forward in a united demonthe Home Missions Councils and the International stration, in a national laboratory study and de- Council of Religious Education. This Commis- velopment for these neglected youth..

INTERRELATION OF FOREIGN AND HOME MISSIONS Home missions and foreign missions are the two ends of the same stream, its fountain and its sea. We cannot stop one without drying up the other also. Stop the fountains and the sea will ultimately become a dry bed; evaporate the sea and the fountains will run dry. Home missions are needed to keep the church at home alive and to help it grow. Cutting off foreign mission interest and activity is a sure way of killing home missions. Foreign missions bring returns a thousandfold at home by sending streams back upon the churches to revitalize them and fill them with life more abundant.

Need for Christian

By the REV. J. M. WALKER, D.D., Charlotte, N. C.

Pastor of Steele Creek Presbyterian Church T HE relation of education to Christian char- have lost faith – in God, in themselves, in their . acter is a most vital topic today. An amaz- fellowmen. ing number of new books deal with this Look at the young men who begin a task, but subject. Educational associations of various kinds cannot finish it.

are devoting their time and best thought to it; See how students, trained in institutions of magazines are lending their pages to its discus- learning, are swelling our criminal and delinquent sion; and there is no end to the conferences being lists. held with the idea of finding a solution to the Behold the multitudes without the slightest re- many problems involved. gard to the restraints of the Sabbath.

Out of all this thought and discussion, two Think of the widespread disregard for the things may be said to have become clear: one, Christian standards of sex and bodily purity.

that education must center it~ efforts upon char- Think of the gambling fever that is abroad in acter development. It will concern itself not so the land.

much with subject-matter as with life. Its goal Observe how many homes are broken up, and will be the achieving of a Christian character how the divorce courts are filled.

rather than the mastery of materials. Not that Think of the corruption in politics, and the it will lay less stress upon the acquisition of bribery of justice; the hatred between classes, knowledge per se, but it will d~mand that a great- and the rising war-like spirit between nations.

er emphasis be placed upon guiding youth into an Think of the filth in much of our modern literaunderstanding of that knowledge as it relates to ture and movies; of the unethical practices in his own development in right living. The other business and industries; of the faithlessness of thing is this, the great Christian principles and public servants; and of the wholesale repudiation ideals which were set forth by the Master Him- of sacred obligations. self must find a larger place in our educational processes. The times demand it. All this and much more of a similar kind is tak- ing place among our people, and often right before The Character Crisis in National Life our eyes. The picture is not overdrawn. We have no disposition to exaggerate. Certainly there Our age has made marvelous progress. The· is much in our civilization that is praiseworthy, new scientific knowledge is flying with lightning and for which we should be thankful, but the rapidity across the boundaries of nations, and no symptoms revealed are alarming to say the least.

man can tell what tomorrow holds in store. Yes- What we are chiefly concerned with is the source terday's marvels become today's commonplaces. or sources of this malady. What lies back of this Because the genius of man knows no limit we distress-disorder?

face the future with eager anticipation. How- It is evident that the breakdown is in the realm ever, it does not take a discerning spirit to see of character. Honor and integrity, reverence and that all is not well with us. As a student of our devotion to truth and duty, and the high regard day has well said: "We are like an army that for sacred ideals seem to be a thing of the past may be able to report gains on the right, but with a great body of our people. Principles which which has met with ignominious defeat on the guided our fathers in building this Christian civ- left." With all our furnishings through the ilization have been too frequently thrown over- knowledge of the new sciences; with all the board as something out of date and useless. With equipment that comes with the modern inventions, many, the true has become identified merely with the modern conveniences, and the new modes of the useful, and -the good with that which is pleas-.

communication; with all the vast outlay in edu- ing; there are no fixed standards of truth and cational facilities for the training of youth; still righteousness.

something tremendously important seems to be When we analyse the causes of this breakdown lacking in the lives of our people. Behold the in character and strive to get at the secret for this breakdowns occurring all along the line; men failure, we do not proceed with such assurance.

ffl92 ] In this complex civilization there are too many follow the lead of these antireligionists, and use educacross-currents playing upon the life of the average tioI?al procedures which are based on philosophical theories whIch are destructive to religion. This thing is happening individual, tending either to make or mar his both in public schools and in church schools.

character. It behooves us to tread with humility. 1. First of all, a large part of our educational This secularization of the public education has been going on for years. Perhaps we are just beprogram has been out of balance. We have been ginning to feel the full force of its effect. It was primarily concerned with ways and means rather but logical to expect that a system of public eduthan with objectives. We have said, let facts be cation from which religion had been carefully purveyed, character will take care of itself. We have been too busy mastering scientific methods eliminated would in time become essentially and to give much attention to mastering life. It has actively antireligious. A godless philosophy of been a materialistic age, and the spiritual has been life is bound, as the night follows the day, to propolitely bowed out. Students have been taught to duce a godless civilization. It has laid its blighting put their entire faith in the scientific method as hand upon nearly everything that we held as sacred-upon the home, the family, the church a cure-all for the numerous ills of society. the school, society, and even the business world: "This steady secularization of public education" says one of our Christian philosophers, "is per- We have sown the. wind, and now we are reaping haps the most potent factor in producing a dis- the whirlwind. torted sense of values in the mind of our young It was but inevitable that our nation should be people. While we have been introducing one sub- in for a cruel awakening. All this crass material- ism and antireligious teaching in schools and colject after another of a secular nature, we have leges was bound to bring about a reaction. Truth been steadily eliminating or restricting instruction of a moral and religious nature. Our children has a way of rising to the surface and coming out naturally put the emphasis on the things that are regardless. Then again, too many institutions of learning remained faithful to their trust; and given prominence in their experience." there were too many consecrated teachers of youth Dr. Walter A. Squires, oifn Thoidsaye,x"ceslhleonwt s bhoook~ to be completely swept off their feet by this surge "Educational Movements of antireligious propaganda. The teacher's task, as it has been truly said, is too sacred a thing for fifty years ago moral and religious truths were a vital part of the public curriculum. But since him to be long led astray. The dawn of the new day is here, and the question is being asked everythat time they have become so secularized that the spiritual has been largely eliminated. Culti- where, what can we do to make our nation Chris- tian? What has education to do with the formavation of the spiritual nature has been shunted tion of character? ~nto a corner. The inference drawn by our youth IS that the courses most worth while are those of a materialistic nature, which have immediate and How Is Christian Character Achieved?

tangible value. Consciously or unconsciously, our What is the Christian character we wish to boys and girls have 'imbibed the notion that mak- achieve? To begin with, Christian character is ing a good living is more important than living a not something that varies with the ethical culture good life. The ideal existence is conceived in the of the nation. It is not the product of the theory terms of material comfort rather than in terms of of relativity in matters of right and wrong. It personal honor, integrity, and truth. cannot be said to be one thing in Russia another thing in Germany or Italy, and still quite a dif- 2. A second important factor in the breakdown ferent thing in England or America. Christian of character is found in that smaIi group of anti- character is a product that is discernible wherreligious and atheistic teachers in universities ever it is found-in Christian or in non-Christian who have rejected religion and who are bent on lands. It has certain earmarks which are common bringing higher education in line with their own to all Christians. True, these appear in varying antireligious attitudes. Says Dr. Squires in the degrees of development in the individual as he book above quoted: These "intellectuals," these leaders of our American grows in grace, but the root of the matter is there "intelligentsia" have in some way gained a wide recogni- just the same. The Christian life is the Christtion as leaders in educational science. They seem to as- centered life; and it is the Christ-way of life. sume a sort of proprietorship over such terms as "scienti~c,:' "modern," and "progressive." Unfortunately public The Christian character is the product of the OpInIOn hardly seems to challenge the assumption. . • . Christ-centered life. Christ has been formed in The most serious element in the situation, however does the life through faith. This is the initial work in not lie with these out-and-out antireligiortists. It lies in Christian character formation. By it we mean the fact that a multitude of public educators are blindly something infinitely more than a mere assent to following the theories which this group have constructed a set of propositions about the Lord Jesus Christ. and which they are diligently promoting. It is really re- It may be described as securing the allegiance of markable how some people deeply loyal 'to religion will

one's inner life to the whole personality of the The life of Christ is more surely transmitted Christ. Such an allegiance brings about a change through the example of Christian men and women in personality, which may be gradual or sudden, than through any other source. Students have a depending largely upon his training in Christian decided tendency to become like those who teach experience. But this change is so radical that them. So the life of the teacher, more than any- Jesus called it the "new birth." The Christian thing that is taught, counts most in building up then, is one who has this inner life born of faith or tearing down Christian character. Too much in Jesus Christ. It is this new life that: gives emphasis cannot be placed upon the personality both motivation to his conduct, and power for the of the teacher. We soon forget what we are accomplishment of his God-given tasks. taught; the influence of the life of the teacher Christian character is not only the product of abides-a hallowed benediction or a painful mem- the Christ-centered life, but it is also the result ory of wasted opportunities. The wealth of our of the Christ-way of life. This new life is pat- Christian institutions of learning does not lie in terned after that of the Master. He bears in his brick and mortar, nor in stocks and bonds, but in body the marks of the Saviour. The norm of the the power of great personalities in the faculty.

Christian character is the character of Jesus Him- All that we have been saying but leads to the self. As we study the character of Jesus there truth: Christian character is as much caught as are at least five outstanding characteristics, five it is taught. It develops through the discipline features that were distinctive, which set Him off of life's experiences under the watchful eye of a from all other men. There was His purity or saintly ,soul.

holiness; His love; His forgiveness; His sacri- Second in importance is the influence of a fice; and His humility. These revealed the pas- Christian curriculum upon character formation.

sion of His heart, and they were exhibited in His Just as the Christian is a Christ-centered person- daily life. In this way He set going forces that ality, so the education that is to produce that have in them the making of a new world. It was character must be Christ-centered. That does not not an overstatement that the historian Lecky mean that the facts of science will receive any made in his "History of European Morals" when the less emphasis; rather the more. But it does he said: "The 'three short years' of the active life determine the approach to truth. To begin with, of Jesus have done more to regenerate and soften it recognizes Divinity in the life of things. It mankind than all the disquisition of philosophers says: "Man's chief end is to glorify God and to and all the exhortations of moralists of all time." enjoy Him forever." It further states: "The It is characters fashioned after this pattern that Word of God which is contained in the Scriptures the world needs today. Such characters our edu- of the Old and New Testament, is the only rule to cational institution should strive to turn out. How direct us how we may glorify and enjoy Him."

can it be done? With these .fixed postulates it moves into every It will be readily admitted, that character build- realm of truth with the full assurance, "Ye shall ing is the most difficult task in our civilization. know the truth and the truth shall make you free."

While we recognize that Christian character is Best of all, it is assured that when young life has largely the product of training, still we are much been properly trained, there will come a time when at sea as to the way human personality develops. that life will long for the Perfect Life about which As we have said, there are so many influences it may be entwined and held, just as naturally as playing upon young life – and they are ever on the vine calls for the pole to be its stay and guide.

the increase – as to make our· efforts uncertain. When the main educational forces of the com- It is just possible there may be two forces for munity-,-the home, the church, the school-unite evil to everyone for good constantly working in this holy cooperative undertaking we may con- against our very best efforts. Both the power of fidently look for the issue-a Christian character, heredity and the influence of environment, over the supreme need of our day.

which we have but little control, may largely nul- lify all the nobler impulses that may be brought to bear on a life. Surely to guide one into the way Divine dynamic has its beginning when men of Christian living requires all the wisdom and have reached their end. Its majesty meets us only consecration one can command. at yonder borderline where in our willing and The most potent influence in the formative working we aremade to pant for breath. Where period of one's life comes through the contact my cunning and my fortunes can do nothing, can- with'Christian parents, teachers and professors. not help, comes my God. KARL BARTH.

Church Can Help' the

By EDGAR M. WAHLBERG, Denver, Colorado Pastor of Grace Community Church and President of the Denver Open Forum .

I N DENVER the now aged Father William H. relation of the Church and the unemployed. Un- O'Ryan is most highly revered for two things: fortunately the Church as a whole does not fea- his long and deep love for his church and his ture in the hardships of those who suffer most. determined struggle in behalf of social justice. Economic need is the major interest of most He did not hesitate to state bluntly the problem of people, and in times of stress economic security unemployment and poverty in relation to religion becomes a single issue. The church must be deep- in a meeting of the Catholic Industrial Confer- ly realistic about this question. At present people ence. He said, "Poverty to St. Francis may have are confused and harassed because they are in an been a holy thing, but to emotional stage and cannot John Smith, unemployed, in balance experience with my parish, with his wife and Continued unemployment, hard facts. The Church must five children it is a far dif- voluntary or involuntary, is a bear its responsibility for ferent thing. Poverty leads menace to the material, moral not having helped the people to the very gates of hell. "to discern this time."

Members are lost, not gained, and spiritual wellbeing of the Universal spiritual recovto the church because of iCnhduivrcidhu. al,Tthhee inSatabtielityandof thaet ery will follow universal eco- least. twelve million workers in pauperism. . . . Oligarchy nomic security based upon a in America shouts democ- America to find healthful em- Christian philosophy and racy to fool the people. This ployment constitutes a real cri- economy where earnings are is the meanest kind of oli- sis that threatens disaster. This for the benefit of many rathgarchy. . . . The Protestant paper, by a pastor who has done er than for the profit of the Church has lost the laboring much to help the unemployed in few. Any attempts at reliman because Protestant min- his own city, gives valuable sug- gious revival apart from this isters have not assisted the gestions that may be found use- position will prove to be unemployed or labor. We ful elsewhere. Some will not futile and eventually will de,. are also losing them because apgorienet, wbiutth atlhleaaguretehotrhaatt seovmerey- stroy Christian faith and thing must be done in harmony we have not been true to our add to the common despair. program. . . . The Catholic 7 Any church that shouts the Church is losing more mem- "Kingdom of God" to fool bers each year than it is tak- with the spirit and teachings of the people is a mean church Jesus Christ, to meet the needs of the hour.

ing in by conversion. . . . and it does not represent the To me, social service is re- Master, who was anointed to ligion." preach "good tidings to the The dilemma of the Church and the masses is poor," and who later proved the validity of His presented by H. Richard Niebuhr in his statement, mission to the imprisoned John the Baptist by re- "There is no effective religious movement among porting that the poor "had good tidings preached the disinherited in America. As a result they to them."

are simply outside the pale of organized Christi- Is the Church taking an active place in the hon- anity." est resentments of life? Are churchmen near Professor H. Paul Douglass says in the Spring- those who are clubbed to death in food riots? Is field Survey, "The churches have run away from the Church aware of the dangers of regimenta- the areas of desperate needs." The preacher who tion of millions to the lowest levels of life? Is was asked to speak before a mass meeting of re- the heart of the Church touched by the misery lief strikers was quite shocked when, as he was and tragedy of the victims of modern selfishness introduced as "Reverend," a worker yelled, "We and stupidity? Is the influence of the Church don't want any religion here." This experience feared by the privileged and selfish classes?

and these statements quite characterize the usual Should the Church be an open door for everyone?

[295 ]

As a rule the language of the Church is un- bodies gave leadership much good was accomfamiliar and means little to the unemployed. Its plished. In Grace Church a Self-Help Cooperaappeal often suggests an obscurantism in which tive in two years, with a small outlay of cash, there is no action. The unemployed recognize two did over $34,000 worth of business in furnishing or three significant needs and are waiting for a actual commodities to the poor. It is clear that revolutionary Christianity which deals with real- men who have no wealth and who do not control ity in accordance with those needs. Major moral the means of production struggle against almost insights are dependent upon human needs. A impossible odds, and as a result this first great middle class society with, fair prospects, from and fundamental urge of the unemployed has been which is drawn the major constituency of the largely dissolved. Church, turns its attention to moral questions of a different type than does a society of people out People turned increasingly to what is apparof work, whose future appears empty and hope- ently the only alternative-relief. Agencies were less. Where profit seeking capitalism increasingly inadequate and distributed relief in monthly sums fails to support the people, middle class people as low as $9.00 per month-$13.00 in Denver. will have to decide whether or not to join the The people could not live on this scale and a secdispossessed in a struggle for a truly Christian ond movement developed involving hundreds of social order; organizations and thousands of members. The main purpose was to demand more adequate relief. One fundamental contribution of any church to These organizations were quite resentful and met the solution of this problem is the maintenance considerable opposition but struck fear into sociof an atmosphere of fair play and a platform ety. Some churches accepted the opportunity to which asserts itself in a policy of true freedom work with them. Night after night hundreds of speech. Only in this way can the church be were turned away from packed meetings at Grace close to people and so come to know and follow Church. Gradually, the Government entered the the way of God. Grace Community Church, Den- field and relief was raised to an average of $30.00 ver, maintains a policy sensitive to people in which a month. every minority and oppressed group may find expression. . Twenty-six different unemployed Unemployed soon found that bombarding relief and workers' organizations count Grace Center as agencies was both unhappy and futile. After all, a regular meeting place. Among them are: relief workers or their organizations were not the Baker's Union, Sheet Metal Workers, Truck Driv- ones that put people out of work. Multitudes hurers and Teamsters, Tramway Employees, Tank ried to other extremes and joined visionary move- Builders, Retail Clerks, Auto Mechanics, A. F. of ments born out of hope. Millions joined the L. Rank and File, Unemployed Cooperatives, In- Townsend Clubs, the Utopian Societies, the Techternational Labor Defense, National Workers Al- nocrats, and other organizations. Much energy liance, Colorado Cooperative, Inc., Townsend was dissipated but may have saved the United Clubs, Utopians, Socialist Party, Technocrats, States from more serious disturbances. Ex-C. W. A. Workers, Poultry Cooperative, Farmers Union, Joint Council of Women's Auxiliaries, Another stage involves two directions—{)ne Good Government Club, Voters Clubs, Workers sound, in which people study their problems and Press Conference, League for Human Freedom, attempt to survey life. The Denver Labor College League Against War and Fascism, Labor College, had three terms this past year with courses in Homesteaders Club, Miner's Cooperative, F. E. Economics, Sociology, NRA, History of Labor, R. A. Workers, Relief Strikers, Consumers Coop- Social Insurance, Labor Law, Dramatics, Systems erative Study Club, Transient Boys Club, Workers of Social Change, Proposed Economic Programs, Boys' and Girls' Clubs, and Mooney-Billings Com- and other courses. The other direction represents mittee. another wild fling, this time behind the glittering generalities of such personalities as Huey Long Churches sensitive to what has happened these and Father Coughlin. This second direction replast five years will note the following develop- resents a grave danger in which America may ments. Immediately after the crash in 1929, un- unwittingly be Hitlerized. employed almost in mass resorted to self-help activities. Many organizations developed in The Constitution of the Workers and Farmers every community—{)ver thirty in the City of Alliance of EI Paso County, Colorado, strikingly Denver. This work proceeded largely without similar to others over the country, represents a public approval and was sometimes discouraged more earnest effort by the unemployed. Incidenby both business and organized labor. Social tally, one of the trusted officers of this Alliance is workers generally ignored this outpouring of co- Rev. John Jorden, of St. Paul's Church, Colorado operative initiative, but where churches and civic Springs. This relationship is typical of hundreds of situations and indicates a part that the church can play. This organization strives to be wholly

HOW THE CHURCH CAN HELP THE UNEMPLOYED

American. The Preamble to the Constitution is activities. In many instances all that is needed well worth reading. is encouragement to develop some significantly helpful and creative interests, including interest Because of the hopeless political situation now confront- in Consumers' Cooperatives. Education should ing the United States, and the fact that our Legislative, be dominant. Ministers should be especially Executive and Judiciary bodies are in constant disagree- aware of workers' education, and should promote ment regarding a workable program to stabalize industry related activities of forums, panels, dramatics, and fulfill the promises of a new deal for the masses: We, music, art, and other avocations. the producing citizens of the nation have found it neces- Excellent work is being done in the field of GRACE CHURCH COOPERATIVE POTATO CAMP workers' education. Preachers need to be in- formed. The purpose of this workers' education sary to organize in sundry groups for self-protection not is: "to foster among workers a better understandonly against entrenched predatory wealth as formerly, ing of economic and social problems, interpreting but also against gross injustice caused by political favor- them in the light of accurate information and of itism in the government agencies entrusted with the dole our own experience; to instruct workers in prinand work relief program for its millions of unemployed ciples of labor organization and in method of victims. . . . building an activ.ely intelligent Labor Movement; to encourage the building of a social order ade- Our meetings will be educational in nature and should quate for all the needs of all the people." follow the lines of economic class interest without advocating any special creed or politics and our aim should be the The pall of many churches in unemployed amalgamation of all useful workers of hand and brain, in neighborhoods is poor church attendance and order that a careful and intelligent mass action may be apparent indifference. Cooperation on the part applied in case of a crisis. of the church to meet the real needs of the people will make the minister a busy person with a hun- dred demands: as a speaker before unemployed groups, an advisor, and a leader in the effort to bring about better conditions.

The church should also strive to be a commu- nity center endeavoring to meet special needs- for recreation, nursery schools, activities to pre- A casual observer will note that the world will A GRACE COMMUNI'IW CHURCH BOYS' CLUB whirl for some time to come. This easily reveals the first opportunity of the Church to the unem- vent juvenile delinquency and help with family ployed. Churches need to open their doors and problems. Grace Church received the following allow space to be used by the people. Churches letter from the Crime Prevention Bureau of in the less fortunate neighborhoods should not be Denver: closed week days. More fortunate churches could well afford to help support strategically located DEAR REV. WAHLBERG: churches of the disinherited as centers for unemployed and workers' activities. Grace Church I wish to use this means of expressing to you my comhouses over 300 different meetings a month. The pliments of the effective work you are doing in your December report of the caretaker is interesting. district. "We have at this time meeting here nine labor unions, sixteen educational and workers' classes, four labor auxiliaries, and fifteen other groups. The chapel and rooms iIi the Community Building, including Children's Work and Boys' and Girls' Clubs, are used 365 times a month, not including the Sunday school where the rooms are used again. The Chapel frequently is used and cleaned as many as four times daily, especially on Saturdays -most of the others twice daily."

A second procedure is to cultivate self-help

From a spot map made in the Juvenile Court, I find It is the experience of the writer that the unemonly one boy's case filed in 1932 and one in 1933 in the' ployed, when confidence is established, turn eagerarea bounded by Broadway, West Colfax and Speer. This ly to the Christian minister for guidance. The is indeed a fact to be proud of. Grace Unemployed Cooperative Arbitration Com- mittee, of which the pastor is a member, has been The work of a community center with the necessary able to settle many disputes and has handed down equipment can never be estimated in dollars. Our delin- many interesting decisions. The Church can win quency problem would be practically wiped out if we had many of these people to Christ if, in addition to a sufficient number of such institutions as the Grace Com- shouting the Kingdom of God, it also uses its munity Church. influence to build up the Kingdom and to share its blessings with the workers. Trusting that your good work will continue, I am Respectfully, A labor union took over the job of decorating EDMUND C. YOUNG, Grace Church in which twenty-one unemployed painters donated most of their time until the job Bureau of Probation and Delinquency Prevention. was completed. Asked why union labor was will- ing to work without pay the union boss replied, The Church must give meaning to its social "We men like to help a good cause. A church GOSPel pronouncements if it hopes to win the that is doing the work of your church deserves unemployed to Christ. To announce that the the best. If we had left our job half done, we Church is committed to fair wages and better would always have felt guilty. We just have to working conditions and at the same time to ignore play fair with these boys and girls. And a fellow the plight of workers in any particular neighbor- is willing to do most anything when he is apprehood is a glaring contradiction which indicates ciated. Most folks, it seems, find it a lot easier insincerity. Church people as a rule have no true to damn us and misunderstand us. Here, we have idea of such things as socialism, corporations, seen with our own eyes a real service, and have labor unions, strikes, lockouts, and other social felt a real Christian appreciation of humanity. concepts that are constantly met in this world. You can't turn that down. It ain't profits. folks The unemployed are often more anxious about wants, it's life." finding something good in the Church· than is the Church itself. Religious interest is riot highly developed in the masses. Nevertheless, they are keenly sensitive to a common language that bespeaks fellowship in the struggle to iive.

Juvenile Criminals and the Church By HOMER L. DICKERSON, Nickerson, Nebraska j there is no such thing as "an average juvenile delinquent," we maintain that in the majority of THERE are few social problem~, today of more cases these characteristics are found. Just as we interest than that of crime. _any plans are have what we term the average American citizen offered for its solution. Some may work but so we note the characteristics of the average many are hopeless. There is one thing certain, juvenile delinquent. He may be described as folhowever, that if we can stop juvf!nge delinquency lows: the larger problem of crime is s~lved. How to do this has thus far batHed those'most interested. He is 18 years of age and unmarried. He is a Some believe criminals are born to be at odds nominal member of a church that he never atwith society. Others say that any child born into tends. (See table 2.) His mother and father the environment out of which delinquents come, are of foreign birth and do not speak the English is doomed to spend his life fleeing from the law. language well. (See table 1.) He has been raised in a home in which there has been serious trouble On the basis of an investigation of a modern due either to -divorce or death of his parents., reformatory, we make certain suggestions as to (Sixty-one of the boys did not live with both of what the Church can do about the solution of their parents.) This average delinquent has this problem. always lived in a poverty-stricken home situated in a tenement district of a large city. There are For convenience and clarity we include a chart seven in the family and some of his brothers have of two and have summed up the dominant char- been in trouble with the authorities. The boy did acteristics of the 100 boys and included them in what we call the average delinquent. While we readily admit the weakness of this method, since

JUVENILE CRIMINALS AND THE CHURCH

not like school and often played truant. He began ous to mention. Each situation has its own soluschool at the age of six and left at fourteen after tion; the main thing is that the minister take completing the seventh grade. His mental age an interest in such boys. is approximately ten years and eight months. This young man has repeated at least one grade The program of the Boy Scouts should also in school. Since then he has had two jobs and appeal to boys. Yet our survey shows that only worked on each on the average of nine months at three had membership in that organization. While $16.98 a week. He was unemployed at the time certain phases of the Boy Scout movenie]J.t may he committed the crime for which he was sent to not always appeal, yet the whole program is the Reformatory. His leisure time was spent in flexible enough to be adjusted to many needs. The loafing. Prior to his present committal he has great difficulty' is to get leaders. Here the minbeen convicted of four crimes. ister can be of great help, through appealing to his men to give their time in taking care of a What Can the Church Do? Scout patrol of potential delinquents.

In making recommendations as to what the The Prevention of Delinquency minister can do to aid in the rehabilitation of these boys, first let us consider the position of the Weare not concerned alone in rehabilitating minister in the community. boys but rather in preventing them from becom- ing delinquent. The natural question is what He is the man especially trained to guide those can the minister do about the boy whose parents forces which build character. While it is not cannot speak English freely? It seems only reanecessary or wise, that he be the head of such sonable that he use his influence to obtain social organizations as the Y. M. C. A., the Boy Scouts workers who speak both languages and know and other leisure-time agencies, he should be in both cultures, to act as foster parents to both the constant contact with them and should aid in young man and his parents. If this can not be making their influence felt in the community. Ac- done an effort can be made to obtain members of cording to this survey the Y. M. C. A. and the his church willing to "take" a foreign-speaking Boy Scouts have played little or no part in the family and help to orient them to their new envilives of these boys. Only two have attended the ronment. He can open his church to classes in "Y" and three the Boy Scouts. Such a situation adult education. should not exist. Certainly the recreational program of the "Y" should appeal to the thousands In facing the problem of the school we find it of potential delinquents. Despite the fact that particularly difficult. Our survey shows that 73 per cent of the boys came from cities where overwhelming numbers of the boys studied have the Y. M. C. A. is operating, only two per cent had difficulty in school, many at a very early age. were regular attendants. The ministers can aid in The survey also shows that the majority of the getting boys who need the "Y" into its recrea- boys were below the average mental level. Taking tional classes. It is probable that the apparent all these things into consideration it seems wise, failure of the "Y" is not due to any desire on its that when this situation is known to exist, we part to serve only those of the more favored should adapt our educational standards to meet classes, but rather due to a lack of financial and the needs of this group. They have proven their moral support from those whom the minister can mental handicap, and to continue trying to make reach. Putting it more plainly, the delinquent them measure up to the old recognized educational very often cannot pay for membership. Neither standards simply fosters truancy. Many people can the "Y." Some one else must do it. The today believe truancy to be the threshold of a minister, working in cooperation with the "Y" criminal career. The minister once convinced of secretary, could help in getting his church mem- the necessity of teaching the manual arts to those bers to subscribe toward free memberships for who have difficulty in mastering textbook knowlsuch boys as these. edge should use his influence with the school au- thorities to provide these children with opportuni- The minister should be one to greet the boy ties t(')· develop their talents along the lines of upon his return from the reform school. He their abilities. can act as the one to whom the boy can go for guidance. It would be worth while· for him to The writer is not qualified to offer a perfect see that the young man is immediately given a educational program. Modern educators are free membership in the "Y" and that he be per- working on this and in many cases are doing a mitted to join other clubs provided for him. He fine piece of work. Some examples are the project might prevail upon a member of his church to method, platoon or opportunity classes and trainact as a Big Brother to the boy. The avenues ing in the manual arts. These programs are built the minister can open to help him are too numer- to fit the needs of the pupils. The greatest ob- stacle to that kind of training comes from the

adults who have been through the old system, and ing minister. The laboring man should under- are convinced of its merits and resent any change. stand that the Christian religion functioning If they had the new system explained to them, properly will obtain for him the very thing he many would approve it. The Parent-Teacher As- wants most; that is, a chance to live life at its sociation is an excellent organization for foster- best.

ing understanding between the parent and the Having said all this, the natural question arises teacher. The minister can offer very practical how can a minister find time to do all these things ? help toward this understanding by becoming an One minister may not be able to do it alone but active supporter of this organization and advising groups of ministers, planning together can do the his church members to do the same. work effectively. It is admittedly a hard task. Reformatory officers believe their plan of keep- Some people may be poor and others rich, some live in tenements and others in mansions, some ing every waking moment of the boy's days full of are in conflict with the laws and others obey them, activity, is responsible for their comparatively but all must be served by the Christian minister. small number of disciplinary problems. The His task is to coordinate these diverse groups so Christian minister can learn much from their ex- that the fortunate and the unfortunate will live perience. Many modern communities have very together in harmony, and all will be given an opfew other than commercial amusements for youth. portunity to enjoy the abundant life found in Motion picture shows soon become tiresome, many Jesus Christ. are unwholesome and the boys do not have the money to pay for these amusements. They must TABLE 1 get their recreation some place. Why not in the church? Most of our churches are now used THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH only one or two days a week. It is possible that a Place of Birth Fathers Mothers minister, working with his men could organize United States ……………….. . 44 41 clubs as leisure-time activities, varied enough to Italy ……………………….. . 22 18 appeal to the taste of most of the young people in Poland ……………………… . 8 10 the community. Each local situation should be Czecho-Slovakia ………………. . 3 3 Germany ……………………. . 3 3 planned in accordance with its own needs. Ireland ……………………… . 2 4 Such a program should interest these boys in Russia ……………………… . 2 4 the worship service of the church. There are England ……………………. . 1 1 some who doubt the efficiency of church attend- Australia ……………………. . 1 2 ance as a crime deterrent. A recent report from Lithuania …………………… . 1 1 Scotland ……………………. . 1 1 one reformatory reveals that there is a strong Wales ……………………… . 1 o correlation between church attendance before Haiti ………………………. . o 1 commitment and success on parole, and a still West Indies …………………. . 1 1 stronger link between church attendance while on Ukraine …………………….. . 1 o parole and success. 91 91 CHURCH ATTENDANCE PRIOR TO COMMITMENT Dead (Nationality not known) .. 9 9 Regular ………. 2 failing out of 26 ( 8 per cent) Total 100 100 Irregular ……… 35 failing out of 216 (16 per cent) None .; ……….. 15 failing out of 42 (36 per cent) TABLE 2 CHURCH ATTENDANCE ON PAROLE THE JUVENILE CRIMINAL AND THE CHURCH Regular ………. 2 failing out of 77 ( 3 per cent) Attendance Irregular ……… 29 failing out of 169 (17 per cent) None …………• 23 failing out of 41 (56 per cent) Church Reg- Fre- Sel- Never Membership ular quent dom Ministers cannot obtain work for all the unem- 45 ployed. They can do much, however, to improve Roman Catholic 63 8 1 9 7 the situation. Ample opportunities offer them- 1 4 selves to a minister for making employers more MPArfeertsihcboaydntiesrtBiaaEnpptiis.sct.o.p..a.l ….. 13 0 0 5 5 conscious of the needs of the employees. The 6 0 3 Christian social message from the pulpit should 6 0 1 1 1 be practical enough and so pointed that no em- 2 2 ployer can mistake the practical application. A 0 0 1 '0 modern minister should let the employees in his 0 1 parish know that he understands their· problems Hebrew ………….. 0. 3 0 0 0 and can offer practical advice and help. Labor organizations need the influence of an understand- African Methodist …. 3 0 0 Greek Catholic …….. 2 0 0 Baptist …….. ~ ………. 1 0 1 Dutch Reformed …… 0 .. 1 0 0 Totals ……………. 98 11 2 17 68 The 99th boy stated he was a Protestant but never at- tended. The 100th boy was not a member of any church and never goes. These figures were taken from the boys' own statements.

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II Effective Ways of Working 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO IN THE PROGRAM BUILD- to be used in the year opening in is one of the slogans of the new September, the n thoroughly day. ER'S WORKSHOP study them with your local groupings in mind. If possible, 4. Try to give every person in The "convenient season" for attend a summer conference your organization or group building programs is now upon where the new material is ex- something to do in the line of his us and missionary planners ploited. aptitude. All should work, learn, should take advantage of the fa- pray, give; but why hamper the cilities which summer affords 2. Ca,ter to appetites in the expression of truth by asking for that important bit of church matter of variety and pleasing Moses to make a speech or construction. The plans, speci- flavor. Don't serve the new Aaron to lead a multitude? It fications and blueprints for the things in the same old ways of might well be the task of a definew Home Mission studies are last year. Cast the material in nite committee to find not a but not yet available for your De- the form of p I a y s, pageants, the job for every member. Repartment Editor inasmuch as original dramatizations of the member that aptitudes which naher "mansions" are, like those in study books and leaflets, cos- ture has dyed in the wool can't Dr. Gordon's famous dream, tumed impersonations, visualiza- be faded out in the wash. "strictly limited by the material tions, object lessons, debates, sent up from below," namely, discussions, book reviews, mov- 4. Direct all study or inforsupplied in summer conferences ing and stereopticon pictures, mation into the channel of some and schools of mission study. capitalization of special days and expressional projec.t which shall An abundance of detailed plans events, exhibitions, demonstra- conserve instead of evaporating will be ready for our readers a tions, expressional projects for emotional energy. We learn little later. Meanwhile founda- hand, mind and pocketbook-all about this or that people in order tions may be laid according to the kaleidoscopic colorings for to do for them. the fundamental principles enu- truth which this Department has merated in this issue, and some tried to pass on from its con- 5. Use new charts. Find new specific plans of value are given stituency from month to month. machinery. Steer new courses. herewith. Sharpen up your Write to The Religious Motion But never lose sight of or subortools! Picture Foundation, 140 Nassau dinate the unchanging goal of St., New York City, for its cata- salvation through Jesus Christ On the Ground Floor log covering the widest variety for the whole world. Social of moving pictures available at service is a good means to the 1. Adapt plans to age-require- an insignificant price, if you can end; but it must never be misment and type of mind. For- possibly arrange to buy or bor- taken for the end. A unique iltunately m 0 s t denominational row a projector (s eve r a I lustration of adaptation of old agencies for missionary educa- churches sharing the same in- means to new conditions is aftion bring out annually courses strument, as in some friendly forded by the project called and programs prepared by ex- communities) . Study variety perts familiar with pedagogy and utilize the imagination. Cooperation Between the and current needs. "What is sauce for the goose" is no longer 3. Make sure you serve up P. T. A. and Church Schools considered "sauce for the gan- worthful material, not froth and der," as was formerly the case flavor meant as appetizers. Use The following article is contribin making up missionary pro- materials provided in the United uted by Mrs. J. D. Burton, Disgrams . for men and women, Mission Study Courses, supple- trict President of the Tennessee adults and children. But even mented by your specific denom- Congress of Parents and Teachwell-graded material needs to be inational plans and amplified by ers in the Sixth District: adapted locally, and this requires at least one independent publicagenuine work on the part of tion such as THE REVIEW, which The early history of education leaders. First write your de- sees beyond the boundaries of in Tennessee is the story of the partment of missionary educa- the various communions into the. early academies, in the main tion or the literature secretary Land of Universal Brotherhood private schools taught usually by for all the plans and materials and Cooperation. "Togetherism" ministers who had come into the communities for purposes of [301 ] evangelization. At that time these church schools were looked

upon as "foreign enterprises" Is it not possible that Mrs. Similar themes but much and the teachers as having nothing in common with the com- Burton has, in the foregoing, simpler ones must be used munities in which the schools outlined one of the "next steps" among junior groups. Are the were located and no cooperation with the public schools. This is in Home Missions? foregoing too hard for the averno longer true, and the leaders Instead of a "Preachment" age minister or his membership? in the private church schools The study necessary for adeand in the public schools have by the pastor or a program by quate discussion will in itself be learned to work together. It is unifying education and public the laity, why not have an occa- one of the high values of the sentiment in the Cumberland sional forum? Due to changes project. Do we "tremble for Mountains. The church schools today are rendering a fine serv- in psychology as well as current the ark of the Lord," fearing to ice in Christian education and pedagogy, this method of releas- "unsettle" our church folk? are pursuing the method of cooperation with other groups in ing information is becoming in- Most of the m, particularly the region. The leadership of the two lines finds a common creasingly popular, particularly among the younger generation, m€eting ground in the Parent- Teacher Association Movement among the educated folk inclu- .have already raised the questions which serves the home, school sive of the younger people (but and guidance in their thinking and community. It is nonsectarian and nonpartisan. Much then don't we remember the ex- will tend to clarify rather than is being accomplished in the way of coordination of e f for t. citing debates in "the little old to unsettle. This guidance is one Through this method public and private educators meet in joint red schoolhouse" of our youth ?) . of the major tasks of wide-awake deliberation as to ways in which From Stanley Jones' round table pastors and leaders and will be their programs can be coor- discussions in India even to suc- a direct contribution toward the dinated for the good of all. This involves unification of effort, co- cessful American evangelism, missionary cause. ordination of endeavor and economy of expenditure. pro and con discussions under a The forum method is particu- larly adapted to the considera- The Sixth District of the Ten- leader who holds the reins firmly tion of subject matter in our nessee Congress of Parents and to direct and to prevent a run- new Home Mission study books, away seem to fit the mood of the outstanding among which for Teachers is composed of seven adults is "Toward a Christian counties in the heart of the Cum- present generation. Given a America: The Contribution of berland Mountains. There are live topic, a skilful leader, a Home Missions," by Hermann N. Morse. (Cloth, $1.00; paper, 406 public schools in the district. small group of round-table talk- 60 cents.) An idea of its con- The problem of isolation is a ers who know how to talk, and tents and of the debatable ma- permission for a later free-for- terial may be gained from the large one in a number of places. chapter headings: all from the floor, with a definite Church schools are maintained time limit, such discussions I. Home Missions and the Chrishere by the Congregational, the among persons of any age above tian Ideal for America. Methodist Episcopal, the Meth- the grammar grades may prove II. Home Missions Reach Out. odist Episcopal South and the most fertile. They may even III. Home Missions Come of Age. Presbyterian churches, all oper- furnish a good Sunday evening ating under the boards and agencies of these denominations. service for the harassed pastor who preaches himself hoarse to The method followed is to have the private 'schools as members a handful. IV. Home Missions Take Stock of of the P. T. A. Movement, and to have their leaders participate in In these days of doubt as to the Present. the need of Foreign Missions, V. Evangelization-the Need. the Sixth District Conference of VI. Evangelization-the Means. the State P. T. A. Leaders of why not arrange a forum to ex- VII. Home Missions and Social Wel- ploit such live topics as these: public schools meet and make fare. contact with leaders of church schools in this way, thus pro- Have Foreign Missions outlived VIII. The Ministry of Service. moting mutual understanding of their usefulness? Are we justified in IX. Can Christians Cooperate?

viewpoints and needs. The joint diverting funds so badly needed at X. The Promise and Its Fulfilefforts are eliminating many ob- home to present the Gospel to an un- ment. stacles to the educational development of the region through willing people filled with the national- This study is most timely. Its istic spirit? the P. T. A. program. Can western Christianity be grafted keynote was sounded at the In- on to Oriental civilizations? Or are not their own reformed and modern- ternational Missionary Council ized religions better suited to the back- in its meeting at Jerusalem, by grounds and needs of Orientals? R. H. Tawney, when he said: Will not Buddhism be adequate if "You cannot at once preach the revamped by Christianity? religion of Christianity and practice the religion of material Is any Oriental religion or philos- success, which is the creed of a ophy sufficient for personal salvation?

"By their fruits"-a comparison of twenty centuries under Christianit"y great part of the western world with a similar period under any non- Christian religion or philosophy. and is the true competitor of Christianity for the allegiance May the sacred writings of Bud- of mankind." The 1935-36 dhists or Confucianists be considered their Old Testament, on which to graft studies face up to this fact and the Christian New Testament? To what extent may we now with- study the remedy. After the program builder has read one or draw our support in money and mis- sionaries from mission churches? more of the books written for

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING'

our consideration, forum topics colors and consequent denial of equal- expressed in His commands to His ity in opportunity. followers? (The devotional service will suggest themselves, espe- may well feature these commands.) Disproportional spending upon ourcially when the study is linked selves in building churches and educa- PUTTING THE "I" INTO "FRONup with the book of two years tional plants to the neglect of the less ago, "Christianity and Industry privileged. TIERSMEN"

in America," by Alva W. Taylor. War the traditional method of set- This program may either be given tling disputes. illustrated with the blackboard or a (Price the same as for current chart on which the letter "i" has been books.) Some general discus- Food raised in abundance and de- placed, that letter being enclosed in a sion topics might well be: stroyed, while many are in bread lines. ring in each of the suggested words , Personal expenditure on trivialities and neglect of missionary benevo- Has social service a legitimate place lences. What can you find in the written by the speaker as her theme in Home Mission study and endeavor, spirit and daring of the Pioneer that develops – "p art i e s," "m 0 vie s," or should we confine ourselves exclu- can be used by us as we plan a Chris- "t h rill s," "selfishness," "laziness," sively to evangelistic effort? tian solution in crossing these "open "service," "faith," "industry," etc., frontiers"? treating the large capital "I" in the Can the needs of village or town be same way; or two cards about 8×10 better met by a community church List the qualities or characteristics may be prepared with lower case "i" than a variety of denominational or- of Jesus which you think would be on one and the capital on the other, ganizations? needed by the Christian youth of to- two speakers giving the talk so that day who would enlist in this crusade? one may handle the undesirable and A study of "cooperatives." the other the desirable qualities. In- (The word "pioneer" is used several stead of being written at the time, as American Christianity and a mech- times in Moffatt's translation of the meIttioned previously, the words might anized civilization. New Testament. See Acts 3: 14 and be prepared beforehand and circled Heb. 12: 2.) with red as discussed. Capitalism and Christianity.

Cooperation vs. competition.

The new Home Mission Frontiers.

WHAT ARE THE NEEDS OF HUMANITY? Speaker says the letter "i" repre- Sample Programs This study is to guide young people sents you and me-small and insig- nificant as we feel sometimes, so that The study of frontiers is a in discovering the common needs of we think it makes no difference what particularly helpful one among humanity around the wo~ld and help we do or say. So we put this "i" into the problems of the day. Where "movies," "thrills," etc., and get so are they? What type of leader- them become aware of the human engrossed in putting it into "good ship do they demand? What times" that we forget to use it anysupport can we render from the values to which Christianity has given where else. So long as we do that, it home base? Suggestive program will remain small "i," for it will find captions might be: Trails across emphasis in dealing with the problems its way into "selfishness," "indiffer- Frontiers; Trail Breakers; A ence," etc., and even, perhaps, into Christian Guide for the New of the world's needs. Ask the ques- "unbelief." As none of us wish to re- Frontiers; Scouting for the main "i" all our lives, we must study Kingdom in the Homeland; tion of the topic and list replies on the to put the "i" into "service," "faith," Christianity at the Crossroads in "trustworthiness," "generosity," "kind- 1935; Rediscovering America. blackboard. Leader of the discussion ness," "stewardship," "worship" and This Department is indebted to similar activities, in the course of the Disciples' publications for then directs the group thinking to the which it will grow and become large. packets of literature furnishing (Draw large "I," or second person studies on Frontiers, for young conclusion that we all need about the comes forward with card.) people. Programs might well be built on the topics and subtopics same things, regardless of geography, Many "I's" have become great by of which the following are ex- being put into "frontiersmen" who go amples: race or color; that some races in our forth with faith in God and man to some worthwhile task. There are GUIDEPOSTS THAT POINT THE WAY own land would have their needs met many worthy frontiers. Let us dis- cuss some sponsored by the Church- Jesus Christ the Supreme Pioneer. if we as Christians shared with them the field· of missions. Modern Guideposts Dis reg a r d more fairly; that the nations of the Boundary Lines of Tradition or Race. (The ensuing portion of the pro- To the Frontier of Life Work. world would enjoy a different standard gram includes short talks by several To That of Racial Understanding. members who give sketches of pioneers To World Peace. of living if Christians set out with a in various fields, either of their own To Law Enforcement. denomination or the world at large- To Foreign Lands. determination to share as they have Whitman, Grenfell, John Mason Peck, Call to a Crusade to Cross and Pos- been blessed. ' William Carey, Adoniram Judson, sess Open Frontiers. etc.) The common needs: A good Chris- Some of us would like to substitute tian home; a sound body; a chance the letter "u" for "i" in "frontiers," but it does not work. We cannot turn for, an education; an opportunity to over our responsibility to others with- out halting progress. work; wholesome recreation; friends *** and neighbors; worship and fellow- ship in church. God has a plan for each of us and Institutions through which our needs are met: Home, school, library, church, park, places of entertainment, hospital, stores, banks.

What is expected of each individual if these institutions are to function and meet the needs of the people?

Each person should contribute by (a) Living and sharing as a good cit- izen, regardless of race or color; (b) Working and sharing by giving of the particular ability that is his in con- tributing to his fellow man.

Do your fundamental needs differ from those of others in your commu- nity? Your nation? The world?

OPEN FRONTIERS Why? it is our duty to make the most of the "Frontiers are not East or West, Compare the community in which talents and opportunities He gives us, North or South, but wherever a man you live with. those of mission fields knowing well that the frontiers He fronts a fact." (home or foreign) of which you have appoints for us to develop will enable A Survey of the Facts: studied. Think of the different races us to render a worthwhile service and in the U. S.-Negroes, Orientals, Mex- to find genuine happiness. We know Freedom of youth to make its plans icans, etc., and say whether they have that He will not fail to put the "I" and choose its life work. the privileges which you have. that is Himself into the word: "Thou Common attitude of white people As Christian youth, in what ways hast been faithful in little things, that of superiority to other races or can you carry out Christ's ideals as enter thou into the joy of thy Lord." BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~,===–===–=-======–=-===-===-====—====,~ WATCH AND PRAY before my mouth; Keep the door by Senorita Laura Jorquera of of my lips." Santiago, Chile. The theme is Recently, an exiled German "On Earth Peace, Goodwill To- Recently, Pope Pius XI led his ward Men." Senorita J orquera Christian leader answered the people in praying that the war writes: question, What can we do now makers in the world might be scattered. The implication of Close upon three thousand years for the German people? by say- such praying is that cooperation ago, a prophet of Israel laughed deing quietly – "Too late, too late, risively, saying: "They see visions of with God, our Heavenly Father, peace, and there is no peace" (Ezekiel for the practical help which in prayer and action would 13: 16). And his bitter words have hasten the day when, as Isaiah rung through the years, and are bewould have come if the allies of foretold-"justice shall dwell in ing constantly repeated in the same the last war had granted but a the wilderness; and righteous- derisive tones today. little armament and had pro- ness shall abide in the fruitful ceeded to disarm in their own field. And the work of righteous- All things to the contrary notwithcountries but a little. And now ness shall be peace; and the ef- standing, we believe in and we work fect of righteousness, quietness and we pray for the advent of peace I can only say 'w a t chand and confidence forever." And among the nations, for goodwill there shall be no more war! among men. Pray.''' The implications of his During Holy Week, the presi- "Watch and Pray" are that dents of the Federal Council of Does anyone ask if working friends will keep steadfast and the Churches of Christ in Amer- for peace is home missions? Annot curse another people; also, ica, the American Section of the swer: What price home missions that prayer may bring wisdom Universal Christian Council, the if the world goes to war? how best to help. Do we "watch World Alliance for Internaand pray" that our own national tional Friendship through the Study and Act Rightly leaders, especially in public affairs, be given wisdom? An Months and years have gone American Christian I e a d e r startled a group by praying for Churches, and the International into the study now offered in the Mr. Hitler that he should "look upon his own people with com- Missionary Council, sent out a new home mission study text passion, and thus find wisdom world-wide call to prayer for "Toward a Christian America," for the next steps." Have we peace "To All Who Love Our by Hermann N. Morse. A discusprayed for Hitler? "Lord we believe. Help thou our unbelief." Lord Jesus Christ." Written at sion outline to be used in con- A communication dated March a time when "the spectre of war nection with the study of "To- 28, 1935, from the Woman's Disarmament Committee of Inter- again haunts the world" and ward a Christian America" has llational Organizations wit h when "today the world for which been prepared by Kenneth Dexheadquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, sent an appeal to the Jesus Christ died seems ready to ter Miller, pastor of the Presbywomen of the entire world "to remain calm in the face of the crucify Him afresh," the appeal· terian Church, Madison, N. J. complications and anxieties of the present hour." It begs them urges upon all Christians to Determined effort to bridge any not to circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports, but on the pray for peace in every public chasms existing among the contrary, never forgetting the interdependence of nations, to service, and in their homes; also young, the somewhat older, and keep intact their faith in the ideal of international coopera- that "in our own lives we so older church members is back tion. Do we "circulate alarming and unsubstantial reports" and truly have the spirit of peace of the other texts – "Christian so add to the general disorder? With the Psalmist, may we pray that we can be co-workers with Youth in Action" by Frank W. now, "Set a watch, 0 Jehovah, God in building a peaceful Herriott, and "What Will You world." Do About It?" by Frank W. Her- The next World Day of riott and Sue Weddell.

Prayer for Missions sponsored Will you also seriously con- by the Committee on Women's sider if last year's study of "Th~ Work of the Foreign Missions Oriental in American Life" has Conference, and the Council of changed prevalent attitudes to- Women for Home Missions will ward Japanese, Filipinos, and be on the first Friday in Lent, Chinese? Are our hom e s, February 28, 1936. The pro- churches, and communities gram for 1936 has been prepared changed because we studied?

[304 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOM;E MISSIONS

God forbid that it could have into Christian ways of life, and He applied to the agency for such a job. There were no jobs just then. been only a passing show! true American citizenship. He wanted to be kept busy, he would The Lost Generation of At a recent meeting of the In- do some painting anyway if the dian Committee of the Home agency would furnish the paint. The agency had no paint to furnish. Joe American Indian Youth Missions Councils this question hung around the reservation. Futility, was discussed. It was sug- boredom, the ridicule of the old people The lost generation of Indian gested that missionaries among -well, drinking helped to get through Americans is the present one. the Indians should be supplied the day. Joe started to drink, first Here and there are bright areas with good books on anthropol- once in a while, then whenever he where Indian boys and girls are could get some one to pay for it, or having the opportunities to "life, ogy, as for instance "The Amer- get an odd job for enough to buy a liberty, and the pursuit of hap- ican Indian" by Clark Wissler; drink. piness," but over and around the few bright areas are storm "The Indians of Today," by Schools and communities clouds of suspicion, animosities, George Bird Grinnell; "The where a staff of Religious Eduheated arguments, and the de- Story of the American Indian," cation Directors is now being struction of life processes by the maintained by the Indian Compersons and groups who should by Paul Radin. "Facing the Fu- mittee of the Home Missions ture in Indian Missions" by Mer- Councils: riam and Hinman, and the lat- ter's study, "Indian Americans instead give life energy to con- and Christian Missions" are still Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mexico. Number of students enrolled: structive measures. Even church available. "Indians at Work," Albuquerque, 690; Santa Fe, 487. groups during the storm have issued by the Office of Indian Flandreau, South Dakota. Students, given less and less Christian Affairs, is available on request 450. leadership and money for reli- from the Department of Interior, Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kan- gious education work among In- Washington, D. C. Sas. Students, 675.

dian students. They have grown In the present liquor situation Lac du Flambeau, Wi s con sin. weary in well-doing or they too in the U. S. A., Christian citizens Largely community work where pupils are in public schools. argue about matters which living near Indian neighbors can Salem Indian School, Chemawa, should be secondary to the reli- be of service in preventing ex- Oregon. Students, 300. gious training of these potential Sherman Institute, Riverside, Calileaders of a minority group of ploitation of "the lost genera- fornia. Students, 658. tion." Merriam in "Facing the American citizens. Future in Indian Missions" The educational policy of the From the March number of p(}i,nts out that originally Indians Government is concerned with Indian Truth, published by the were not distillers of liquor. "An building up family-and-commu- Indian Rights Association, the Indian with a little money is a nity life for Indian people. The good customer for the illegal dis- seven schools in which the staff following is ~uoted : is at work will continue. Sev- eral other large high schools When the Wheeler-Howard bill be- penser.. . Prohibition has came a law June 18, 1934, it author- brought a new set of problems. have asked for religious educa- ized .appropriation of $12,500,000 al- Ever since 1802 the Federal Gov- tion directors. The opportunity though not one penny was actually ernment has attempted to con- for mission enterprises of a made available. community type, such as at Lac trol the sale of liquor to ward The Budget estimates as submitted Indians . . . the bootlegger du Flambeau, is increasing. to Congress carried the following items for operating the Wheeler- takes advantage of open coun- Howard Act: Revolving Credit Fund try." And the people are de- With more cooperation of church $5,000,000 or one-half the amount authorized; .for land acquisitions $1,000,~ stroyed! g r 0 ups and individuals, the OOO-<me-haif. of the aut h 0 r i zed One of the directors on the Home Missions Councils are amount; for student educational loans staff of the Home Missions Coun- ready to serve more adequately $175,000c-which is $75;000 below the cils wrote recently: the Indian youth of today. authorization; and for expenSe. of tribal organizations, $250,000 -the Joe comes from a reservation in Bright Areas original authorization. South Dakota. South Dakota is mostly As Congress specifically authorized farming country. In times of drouth Young Indian Wedding: "Not certain appropriations to carry out the there are no .crops. When there are no provisions of the act, it would seem to crops there are no fobs, and no money. long ago a couple of our fine be in duty bound to at least accept the From Joe's home to the nearest well young people expressed their de- budget estimates; otherwise any fail-' of water was a walk of over a mile. sire to be married. Both were ure to secure the results expected can-. :.Joe's father and mother did not care graduates from the Sherman Innot be charged against theadminis:,J' ·much any more. Joe went away to a dian Institute. The young man trative officers. ;' . . . r 'vocational school. Painting seemed to fit him best, and he was good at it. is employed at the Institute on One controversial mat t e r Not particularly gifted as a leader, the farm. As they wanted a Joe was. nevertheless cooperative and quiet wedding we were delighted which limits advance in religious community minded. The staff de- pended' on his support in student ac- to have them choose our home work is the advantages and dis- tivities. Then at his graduation, Joe for the occasion. advantages of recognizing the' went back to the reservation. If ever best in the old' Indian culture a place needed paint it was Joe's own "On the morning of the chosen and customs and using these best home. But the old people grinned. day the bride brought arm loads where was the money to buy paint? elements as bases for growth of wildflowers to decorate the

fireplace. Red candles- were College where they have been Hitherto the Commission on Interplaced on the mantle in accord- students for two years, living at ance with their wish. Lovely racial Cooperation has taken no posisprays of apricot blossoms com- Sherman Institute and earning tion relative to federal anti-lynching their board and room by render- legislation. We were agreed that the primary responsibility for the preven- pleted the decorations. ing twelve hours' work each tion and punishment of lynching rested upon state officials and courts, week. and that, in the last analysis, public Both girls are making very opinion was largely the determining good records in their studies be- factor. Consequently, the Commission from its inception has worked contin- ing on the honor roll. They are uously along these lines, seeking anti- planning to become teachers of lynching legislation in a number of states, urging vigorous preventive measures when lynchings were threat- ened, asking effective court action ,.Ilgainst the members of mobs, and at the same time seeking through all possible avenues of publicity and edu- cation to build up a public opinion that would no longer tolerate crimes of this character.

Lynching records of the last fifteen years indicate progress along the line of prevention. Officers generally are more vigilant than formerly in the protection of prisoners, thereby re- ducing the lynching toll. Meantime intelligent public opinion is practically unanimous in condemnation of mob "By eight o'clock in the eve- violence. On the contrary, with rare excep- ning a few close friends and be- tions, attempts at prosecution in lynch- ing cases continue to be futile. In loved teachers had arrived. The nearly every case the community hyssoft light of the candles and the teria which gives rise to a lynching open fire shed a mellow welcome. makes impossible any effective court "As the music began, the EUNICE LYNN action against the perpetrators of the bride, dressed in blue, and wear- crime. Consequently, in not one case ing a bouquet of violets, came in ten is an effective effort made by quietly in on the arm of the tall the authorities to identify and proseyoung groom. As the age-old cute the members of lynching mobs.

service proceeded the look of Home Economics. Both have Even in the rare cases in which such earnest reverence on their faces been active in the Christian efforts have been made indictments was indeed beautiful. And as work at Sherman, being Church have seldom been obtained, and conthey knelt in the firelight for the School teachers and leaders in victions have usually proved impos- various activities. closing blessing a prayer as- sible. ACT AGAINST LYNCHING Disappointed by this record of imcended from each of our hearts that they might be kept for many potence on the part of state and local officials, the Commission has reluchappy years of usefulness." tantly been forced to the conclusion that little is to be expected from this Eunice Lynn and Viola Meroney are both graduates with Of great interest not only to source, at least in the immediate fuhonor from Sherman Institute, those church groups and indi- ture, and that an appeal to the feda Government Indian Trade viduals who have endorsed a fed- eral courts in such cases is justified school. Both girls graduate this eral anti-lynching law but also and demanded by the conditions. spring from the Riverside Junior to those who have hesitated to do so is the following statement, The Commission favors, therefore, which comes from the Commis- the enactment of federal legislation sion on Interracial Cooperation, to this end, in the hope that federal agents and courts would be in better position to act fearlessly and effec- tively in the prosecution of partici- , Atlanta, Ga. This organization pants in the crime of lynching.

represents thoughtful and con- During the months since J an- scientious men and women, uarY,when the Costigan-Wagner white and Negro, from the four- Anti-Lynching Bill was intro- teen Southern states. Its mem- duced, multitudes of church peo- bership is composed largely of ple throughout the country have church leaders and educators gone on record in its favor. The whose wide knowledge of condi- Department of Race Relations of tions makes any statement is- the Federal Council of Churches sued by them of unusual signifi- has acted as a clearing house for cance. This statement which the denominations in respect to was given to the press and sent this measure, keeping church immediately to all the Southern leaders in touch with its prog- VIOLA MERONEY senators, is as follows: ress.

AMERICA Student Beliefs dispensaries, schools

community houses, Sunday A "City of God" Dr. William Lowe Bryan, schools, churches. President of Indiana University "St. Augustine was not the since 1900 and a consecrated Fifty-two colleges, twelve thelast to dream of a 'City of God,' " Christian leader, has had in- ological seminaries and fortysays a writer in the Presbyte- scribed in the lobby of the new eight universities are among the rian Tribune. The new mayor Union Building the following in- centers of work of the Board of of Vancouver, B. C., ran on a scription: Christian Education. It aids the platform of Christian reform educational work of 9,000 and during the campaign daily The University regards the Universe churches and Sunday schools, attended special prayer services Within whose infinity have emerged and maintains sixty-five Presbyconducted by the First Century terian ministers for work among Christian Fellowship. His first Order-Life-Mai, 50,000 Presbyterian students in public act as mayor was to pro- .Aristotle, Galileo, Shakespeare, universities. It gives financial claim a Day of Prayer, and help to students, recruits new closed the proclamation with the Lincoln, Jesus Christ. ministers and missionaries, eduprayer that He who had once cates the Church in money-raisgiven a vision of the Holy City A questionnaire has been cir- ing and in social progress, stim- "will grant us a vision of our culated at the University, the ulates and develops worship and city, fair as she might be; a city result of which is given in per- work in the local churches, and of justice, where none shall prey centages of students answering: every year publishes millions of on others; a city of plenty, copies of Sunday school lessons where vice and poverty shall Do you believe in God? 96 and illustrated weekly papers. cease to fester; a city of broth- per cent yes; 3 per cent no; 1 erhood and happy homes, where per cent doubtful. The proposed merger would all success shall be founded on bring the boards and agencies of service and honor given to noble- Do you believe in Jesus the Presbyterian Church down ness alone; a city of peace, Christ? 93 yes; 5 and 2. to three; twenty years ago there where order shall not rest on were seventeen. force, but on the love of all for Do you believe Jesus to be dithe city in which they dwell." vine? Answers, 80, 5 and 5. New Homestead Project Important Centenaries Do you attend church? An- Two hundred families on re- swers 89, 8 and 7. lief are to be transplanted to the Matanuska Valley in Alaska. Do you believe in prayer? An- swers 89, 9 and 2.

-Presbyterian Banner.

Consolidation Proposed A project for uniting two or- ganizations with assets of $47,- The present year marks the 000,000 and annual expenditures They have been tentatively secentenary of a number of im- lected from those who from exportant missionary develop- of more than $5,500,000 will be ments in the Protestant Episco- one of the questions to be perience and habits are best fitpal Church-among them: decided by the annual General ted to lead the rigorous life of pioneers in a northern climate. The reorganization of the Domestic Assembly of the Presbyterian They will live in tent cities durand Foreign Missionary Society and Church in the U. S. A., opening the formation of the Board of Mis- at Cincinnati May 23. The two ing the summer while the govsions, superseded in 1919 by the pres- ernment is building log houses ent National Council. bodies to be merged are the and clearing the woods. The Board of Christian Education, The departure of our first mission- and the Board of National Mis- settlers will take with them all aries for China. their household belongings; and sions. tractors and other essential The appointment of our first mis- More than 60 languages are farming equipment, together sionaries to Liberia. used by the 3,900 workers of the with live-stock, will be trans- The inauguration of the Spirit of Board of National Missions. ported to the site of the rehabili- Missions. They conduct 7,000 activities, The year 1935 also marks the trom Alaska to Cuba and Puer- tation project. Each family, un- 150th anniversary of the first to Rico; among mountaineers, migrants, Negroes, industrial der the FERA will be assigned a General Convention held in Phil- groups, Orientals, Indians, Eski- tract of 40 acres of improved adelphia September 27, to October 7, 1785. mo and Spanish-speaking Amer- land and a house. The site is icans. They operate hospitals, 125 miles north of the port of -The Living Church. Seward, on the Alaska railway.

[ 307]

It is estimated that this valley Only eleven groups contain more Mission Exhibit Dividends of 128,000 acres will accommo- than a thousand adherents, the remaining 383 having only a A recent mission exhibit in date 850 additional families on Ottawa disproves the idea that the basis of 40 acre tracts. dozen or two. These minor sects grow at the expense of the larger such methods have had their Since the Presbyterian Church ones, and multiply most rapidly day. The younger Episcopal in the U. S. A. has accepted re- when the parent group becomes sponsibility for this area, it is clergy of the diocese of Ottawa spiritually weak. sponsored this display. Work prepared to care for the reli- -Christian Advocate. gious welfare of these new com- among Canadian Indians, the munities. Rev. B. J. Bingle, Eskimo, and work in China, Jawho has carried on an itinerant extension work in the Matanus- New York's Indians pan, India and Palestine was . represented. Missionaries were ka Valley and is familiar with the conditions, has offered his The Cattaraugus Indian Res- present and gave frequent adservices to the Board for a min- dresses, telling about the work in ervation, some thirty miles from istry to the new families, and he Buffalo, is approximately twelve which they Were engaged. The will be on the ground ready to miles long and five miles wide. building was crowded every aftwelcome them. Arrangements ernoon and evening during the It has a population of 1,500 Senare being made to erect a house eca and Cayuga Indians. The week. After paying all expenses of worship as soon as a suitable Thomas Indian School at Irosite has been designated. a substantial balance was left quois, which is state supported, over to be devoted to the mis- has an enrollment of more than sionary work of the church. 225 orphan and needy children -The Living Church.

To Relieve Tension from the six reservations in the LATIN AMERICA state. A bus service takes 40 Senator Thomas, of Utah, has Indian boys and girls to the New Objectives in Mexico High School at Gowando. a plan, not yet proposed as a Baptist, Presbyterian and In March a conference of edu- definite measure, that there be Methodist Episcopal churches cational leaders and Board Sec- an interchange of American and have united in a program of retaries was convened in Coy- ministry to these Indians, in- oacan, Mexico, to study the Japanese students on a large scale. As Senator Thomas points cluding home visitation, daily whole educational problem in the vacation Bible schools, young light of shifting conditions. A out, students have been coming from the Far East for a number people's conferences, week-day new line of advance was suggest- religious training, social activi- ed and a new policy formulated, of years, but comparatively few Americans. have been studying ties, welfare work and related involving social centers and hos- in the Orient. He believes that enterprises. There are also a tels as substitutes for the tradi- the Japanese universities would Ladies' Aid, Red Cross Society tional evangelical. qay school, provide excellent opportunities and Girl Scout organizations. now made practically obsolete for graduate work. Ten thou- There is a fine relationship be- under the new legislation; in- sand exchange students could be tween the Indians and their tensive promotion of Christian financed for the price of a single education in the, home and the battleship. . white neighbors. -The Christian Advocate. church, and the preparation and -Presbyterian Tribune. pUblication of abundant and ade- The Multitude of Sects "The People's Friend" quate Christian literature. Lay leadership training, parent In a' recent newspaper an- For over twenty' years the training and more literature in nouncement of Sunday services above announcement has ap- the homes were recognized as in New York, Hindu cults out- peared on the bulletin board of foremost needs. numbered Methodist services ad- the San Antonio Mexican Chris- -World Sunday School News. vertised. It is believed that for tian Institute. There are now every religious group which advertises in the press, there are approximately forty' thousand Disaster Turned to Account ten which meet in private, in hotels, halls and apartments. Mexican people, either immi- This is the case not only in New grants or families of Mexican In Mazatlan, Mexico, the Mex- York, but in Chicago, San Fran- extraction, living in the Insti- ican Congregational pastor was cisco and London. All this is in- tute's area. Through its clinic denied the right to preach bedicative of the present confusion and health service, about 100,000 cause the quota of clergy alin religious thinking. The speed people have been helped in these lowed to the state was already with which these cults come and twenty years. Home life has full. His church had been satisgo is most significant. Since been improved, living condi- fied with the regular routine of 1925 no less than 214 new reli- tions have been transformed; public worship, with hardly any gious sects have arisen in Ham- every activity is impregnated interest in social service activiburg, Germany, and 123 of those with the Christian message and ties. This recent restriction sudthen existing have disappeared. ideal. The Institute has, indeed, denly waked up the congrega- tion, and in cooperation with the been "the people's friend." -World Call. pastor (acting as a layman) in

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a program for social action, they when one considers the handicap children attracted many to are serving the community more which some are under in not being church. Through the children effectively than when their priv- able to read English. There are so adults were won, and a virile ileges were intact. For church few books in Hindustani. One of the work grew up. Young converts services they have joined with men bought a copy of Tarbell's Sun- became keen evangelists and visthe Baptists, whose pastor has a day School Lessons at the beginning ited neighboring villages, in permit to officiate. of the year. I knew he could nO't read many of which groups of Chris- a word O'f English and asked him tians formed. Opposition is not -Missionary Herald. what he would do with it. He replied so open as it was twenty-five that he would have his little boy read years ago, but petty persecution At Guatemala's National Fair it to him each day. During the year is persistent. Thousands of peo- ple are tired of Rome, and un- Guatemala's annual fair in some have come to us from Hinduism, fortunately many of them have November, 1934, gave a splendid turned to atheism, socialism or opportunity to present the Bible and are giving good account of them- spiritualism. to the people. This fair is at- selves. tended by open-minded people -The Christian. who accept everything that is -United Chur,ch Record. offered in a friendly spirit. A EUROPE booth was secured in a good loca- Brazil ForWard Movement tion, expenses were provided lo- Religious Film Society cally, missionaries cooperated A committee to carry out a with enthusiasm. There was also two-year program of spiritual A new organization in Great an Indian helper who had had development along the lines of Britain called "Guilds of Light" experience in bookstand work. the Forward Movement was ap- acts as advisory body to all He had his daughter with him, pointed at the 37th annual Coun- Christian agencies anxious to exin Indian costume. She had cil of Southern Brazil. Statis- periment in the use of the movbeen taught to play the organ. tical reports show gratifying in- ing picture for Christian ends. This in itself drew many people creases in the number of public It has founded the Religious to listen, as it is unusual that an services, in the total number of Film Society, whose work is Indian woman should do any- communicants, in the number of thing but grind corn, do the pupils in the day schools, and 1. The collection of all possible incooking and care for the chil- also a slight increase in total re- formation likely to be of value to anydren. ceipts in Brazilian currency. one desirO'us of experimenting with Many bought copies of the A committee appointed a year the film as a Christian implement. Bible or Testaments; portions ago to study the question of selfand hundreds of Gospel tracts support had reported the follow- 2. The stocking, exhibiting and hirwere given out to all classes of ing recommendations: ing of the types of projector and other people. Cultured business men apparatus most likely to be satisfacstood in astonishment, listening 1. That the self-supporting parish- tory in the hands of the amateur exto words of wisdom from the lips es maintain their contributiO'ns made hibitor. of the Indian brother, or from up to' the present time for the supa plain-looking student. The sale port of the clergy; 3. The production frO'm time to of Bibles was larger than for time as funds permitted, of specially many years. 2. That the congregations nO't yet written films which would be avail- self-supporting increase their contri- able on easy terms to all members of -Bible Society Record. butions toward the supPO'rt of the the Society. clergy accO'rding to a sliding scale. High Standards in Trinidad The scale includes every missiO'n in Two of the Society's films have the district; already been exhibited, "Master- Rev~ D. R. Macintosh, a work- ship" and Inasmuch" ; while er for the United Church in Can- 3. That each parish in additiO'n to' "David Livingstone" is being ada, writes from Princetown, these contributions pay the 7~ per prepared. Trinidad: cent due the Pension Fund; -Religious Tract Society. I was surprised to find the work of 4. That in every parish, cO'ngregathe church in Trinidad so well or- tion O'r missiO'n, there be created and Paris Three-Day "Mission" ganized, and am much impressed with intensified the spirit of general coopthe high standards of the schools. eratiO'n in the wO'rk O'f the Church, In the Latin Quarter of Paris Our mission schools stand high in and that the members be taught to' a three-day "mission" in Jangrading among the schools of the col- contribute liberally toward the sup- uary attracted large numbers of ony, in agricultural work they come PO'rt of the clergy as a means nO't listeners. The speakers-Charles first. One of the schools in this field only of hastening the independence of Westphal, W. A. Visser 't Hooft, holds the record, having taken first the Church but also of stabilizing its Pierre Maury-presented three place for the third year in succession establishment in Brazil. subjects: Existence de Jesusin 1933. Christ; Humanite de Jesus- -The Living Church. Christ; Devinite de Jesus-Christ. I never cease to wonder at the fit- Students in the Latin Quarter ness of 50' many O'f O'ur native preach- The Argentine Field have come to expect the missions ers for their work. They have surely of the French Student Christian made the most O'f the O'Pportunities Facts about the work in Ar- Movement which have been held gentina were brought out at the each winter for three years. The annual meeting of the Evangel- meetings were attended by in- ical Union of South America, held in London. An account was given of the establishment of a church in a small inland town, where first results were 'very meager, but the work of a Bible teacher at open-air services for

creasing numbers during the long history I know no single AFRICA three days – a heterogeneous moment that approaches the New Film Project group of foreign students, Stu- present in its terrible serious- dent Christian Movement mem- ness." What promises to be a valu- bers, communists and many Ro- He concludes his article with man Catholics. All participated able film project is to be under- in the discussions. Perhaps the the following words: "We dare greatest lesson which the organ- not expect too much from men. taken in Africa by the Depart- izers of the mission have learned There is only one thing that we is that students are eager to find can do and that is, to appeal to ment of Social and Industrial out about the central truths of all our friends in all the world the Christian faith, and that to pray to God with us. He can Research and Counsel of the In- therefore it is much less neces- help. He has proved this often. sary than generally is believed to He can turn his severest extrem- ternational Missionary Council. spend large amounts of time and ity of German missions into energy on the preliminary or in- blessing. Therefore let us pray. It IS proposed to establish an extroductory subjects, to which in The danger has reached its peak. previous missions a rather con- Let all help that can!" perimental film-producing studio siderable amount of attention had been given. The missionary societies of at Vuguri, Tanganyika Terri- Germany are joined in a general lntercollegian and association known as the Ger- tory, where both instructional Far Horizons. man Evangelical Missionary Diet. In 524 stations they have and recreational films, based on In Old Castile 1,586 European workers, and 10,951 paid helpers. They care African life, with African ac- Valladolid, at one time the for 1,225,792 native Christians capital of Spain and famous in and 67,000 inquirers. They con- tors, will be made. . These films history as the place where Fer- duct 3,982 grade schools and 109 dinand and Isabella were mar- higher schools with 250,000 pu- will then be exhibited to native ried, Columbus died in poverty, pils. They maintain 31 hospitals and Phillip II was born, is now with 37 physicians. audiences over a wide area in a city of about 100,000. Rev. F. H. Grey was given permission to Protestant Movement in Northern Rhodesia, Nyasaland, hold an eight-day mission in this center of Spain's Reformation, Austria Kenya and Tanganyika. The obwhere many perished in the Inquisition. He writes in the It is reported from the Bureau ject of the scheme is to find out Latin American Evangelist: of Interchurch Aid, Edinburgh, that about 80,000 Austrians are how the African can be helped We had sought to prepare the preparing to leave Catholicism, ground by special prayer and the dis- in addition to the 22,000 who by means of the film to adapt tribution of 4,000 invitations, this lat- have already joined Protestant ter being zealously taken up by the churches. This is in the face of himself to the new ideas, morals, young men of the congregation. From many handicaps. A Roman Caththe beginning we felt conscious of the olic has twice as much opportu- customs and laws, according to power and working of the Holy Spir- nity for employment as a Prot- which his life has more and more to be ordered; and to introduce him to the best of these before his morals and his tastes are corrupted by less desirable films.

The whole project will be worked with the close cooperation of missionary, anthropological and government specialists, and will, it is hoped, prove to be of great value to all who are working for the welfare of the native in Af- i rica.

The scheme, which will re': quire from 18 months to two years to complete, has been made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Foundation.

it in our midst. Notwithstanding the estant and has no church tax to Changes in Seventy Years political unrest and fear as to the pay. Protestant churches are future which followed in the wake of the Revolution, the attendance at the self-supporting. The movement, Seventy years ago in what is meetings was very good, and the results were a real spiritual uplift for which was at first from all class- now the Diocese of the Niger, es of urban population, is now where Bishop Crowther began the believers, quite a number of souls spreading out in the country work, there were no churches or brought under the sound of the Word, some for the first time, and deeply im- among the farmers. It was pe- schools. To become a Christian pressed, and, finally, some led to a nalized by Dollfus and still is. then was to face the risk of persaving knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ. Those leaving the Church of secution, even martyrdom. To- Rome are ordered to be medi- day, as the result of C. M. S.

Present State of German cally examined as to their sanity. work in the diocese, there are Missions Ministers have been fined for 1,285 churches and 620 schools writing about Protestant opinion with an enrolment of 33,000 p.u- Prof. Martin Schlunk of Tii- of history or even for explaining pils. Scores of towns and vilbingen says in· an introductory Protestant doctrine. When giv- lages are still unevangelized, and article in the Neue Allg. Mis- ing religious instruction to con- wherever new openings are sionszeitschrift concerning the verts they are put under police made there is a ready response condition of the German mis- supervision. Yet the movement to the Gospel. In the Nsukka sions, "German missions are in mounts ever higher. district, where pioneer work be- the utmost peril and in their -Sunday-School Times. gan only some six years ago,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

there are now forty-five church- stage of development, the prom- and the American Board. Aces with an average attendance cordingly, a joint visit was made on Sunday of 4,000 people, and inence is given to subjects con- in November by representatives the life of the district is being of the two societies, and of the changed. In the Nupe district nected with home building. At Syrian Church. The deputation of Northern Nigeria, which has was impressed with the urgent been a hard and somewhat bar- the L. M. S. School in Tiger need, but reported one encourren field, the past year has wit- aging piece of work. At Kamnessed a record number of bap- Kloof girls have the choice of ishli a church building has been tisms (fifty in all) and also the erected largely as a result of the ordination of Mr. D. T. Sheshi, a four distinct courses: teacher efforts of the local community. native of Bida. He was the first This church was dedicated while convert from Islam through the t r a i n i n g; secondary school; the deputation was present, in a work of the C. M. S. in this area. service conducted in four lan- spinning and weaving; indus- guages, Armenian, Turkish, Ar- -The Life of Faith. abic and Syriac. trial, comprising domestic sci- Chieftain Finds the Way Syrian is becoming more and ence and needlework. Each more conscious of the needs of Sekulu Malenga was a chief- the rural areas. Village welfare tain who had an important part course requires three years' projects were conducted during in the development of the Ga- the summer by the American langue Mission as teacher and study. Personal and community University of Beirut and the adviser of the missionaries in Junior College for Women; but things relating to the country, hygiene are emphasized through- as yet not much has been done language and tribal customs. to meet the religious and evan- He died not long ago at the age out the course. One of the chief gelistic needs of rural areas. of ninety-seven, and just before The Presbyterian Mission is his death he said to the mission- needs of the African girl is to studying the problem, with a ary, Mr. McDowell: view to making it one of its aims know how to use her leisure in the future. I am an old man. I have held my children's children's children. I am wisely. When she leaves school -Near East Christian now tired. In myoId age I have Council News. been blessed: with new friends and and goes back to her home there acquaintances, principally the Lord Palestine's Mission to Jews Jesus, the child of the Great Chief. are often hours a day when she I go to Him and to my fathers with The Church Mission to Jews ill-will toward no man. My going is is left to her own devices. "Way- in Palestine lays the chief emno mystery. Rid of this tired body phasis upon follow-up work with and face to face with my Saviour and faring" (Native Girl Guides) is the individuals who seem of in the presence of the great Elders of most promise. The work of one the people, from Sekulu, Moses and one of the ways that Tige:r: Kloof individual with those who are Joshua on down to the present time, really seeking the truth is held I hope to be able to think more clear- is trying to meet this need. The to be of more permanent value ly and help to a larger degree my than the crowded program of a friends and children. industrial girl with her knowl- large staff of workers. The hos- pital in Jerusalem attracts a Sekulu became a Christian edge of crafts is an invaluable large ilUmber of Jews, and there about seven years ago. At that are vast opportunities for reachtime he held a large audience help in "Wayfarer" work in dis- ing the whole Jewish population. spellbound with the story of his The mission center is on the outsearch for life. He ended with tant places. For eighteen years skirts of Tel-Aviv, with its purethis statement: ly Jewish population – about about six Christ – consecrated 85,000. There are many indi- Today I join the caravan of a vidual Jews and J ewesses living great Leader, and I trust Him to girls pass out of the school each in Tel-Aviv who are definitely lead me to a just settlement of all seekers after truth, and some problems. The little that I have al- year. -The Chronicle. who are very open to Christian ready heard and understood of His influence. The task of the misway of life gives me enough to make Afrikaans Bible Sales sionary is to find them out and a start, and no caravan leader ex- to keep in touch with them. plains the whole trip at its beginning. Although it is only a year For these many years I sought after since the Bible was translated A new development is recordsomething, I knew not what. Now into Afrikaans, over 250,000 ed among Jews in Bagdad. An I have found it. copies have been sold in South ordained Hebrew Christian has Africa. As many as 10,000 Bi- gone there in the dual capacity -Missionary Herald. bles were bought in a single week. About 2'50,000 other peo- Girls at Tiger Kloof ple of the erstwhile Dark Con- tinent will be benefited when the Higher education for African translation of the whole Bible girls is, as yet, the privilege of into Bavenda is completed. For the very few. In their present the last fourteen years the Ba- venda, a tribe of northern Trans- vaal, have had to be content with the Psalms and New Testament.

-The Christian Advocate.

WESTERN ASIA Syria's Needs In recent years, new commu- nities have sprung up rapidly in northeastern Syria. These are very inadequately occupied in the missionary sense. At a meet- ing of the United Missionary Council of Syria and Palestine in Beirut, it was urged that this territory be made a field for united effort, especially on the part of the Presbyterian Mission

of pastor to an Arabic-speaking said: "Perhaps you would like to expense until its industrial pro- Christian congregation, and mis- know why I am a Christian?" They duction justified it. Dakhina, sionary to the 80,000 Jews living signif}.ed yes, and I said: "First of quick to grasp this principle, in there. He has a difficult piece of all, of course, I was born into a Chris- spite of his priestly caste, depioneer work to tackle, which tian home. But while still a boy I cided to learn the dignity of will make a heavy demand on knew little about Christ until I start- manual work. He also learned his patience, pluck and tact. ed to read the Gospels myself. Then the wonders of God's grace, and I discovered that Jesus Himself said, now prays that in spite of Hindu -Near East Christian 'I am the Bread of Life: I am the wife and relatives he will be bold Council News. Living Water. I am the Light of the enough in his belief in the Lord world. I am the Way, the Truth and Jesus as his Saviour, to testify Persia Now "Iran" the Life. I am the Resurrection and to it through baptism. Other the Life.''' Certainly they would Hindus hav~ followed, some have Another change in geograph- agree that no man could live without been baptized. ical names went into effect these things. To this they nodded March 22d, when Persia became assent, and I said further that since From various missions and officially known as Iran – its I had found Jesus as Saviour and distant parts of India, many Inorginal name. It links its people Lord, there had been peace and joy dian Christian young men, of racially and historically with the and satisfaction in my life. There ages varying from 17 to 25, and ancient Aryans. This is merely followed long dissertations from va- often outcaste from industry or an instance of nationalistic sen- rious ones, some of which I did not dependent on missions, were setiment, as by no means all Per- fully understand. They were attempt- lected as students. Many have sians are Aryans. Out of 10,- ing to show that all the prophets be- learned not only to be self-sup- 000;000 people fully 3,000,000 came in reality all that Jesus claimed porting but, being grounded in are nomads of uncertain racial as to the way, the truth, water, life, the Word by means of the threeorIgm. Hundreds of thousands etc. They said that of course there year systematic Bible course, of Jews live here. Many other were some things that they did not and in prayerful dependence on people are of distant Mongolian believe about Jesus, for instance that God, have started out to become origin. Nobody knows definitely He died and was raised again from "Young Pauls." Some have whence came the nearly 1,000,- the dead. I replied: "Of course, saved their earnings and set up 000 wild mountain tribes known every book m.ust bear its own witness. small work shops in their own as Kurds. But by whatever We Christians believe Jesus did rise districts. -Life of Faith.· name it is called, its missionary from. the dead because of the witness needs remain unchanged. Of its of the Gospels and the Apostle Paul." Week of Evangelism 10,000,000 people less than 65,- I told them what the Apostle Paul 000 are Christians. The only wrote in 1 Corinthians 15. Then I Christian forces in Mid-India agencies at work are the Amer- said, "But not alone from this wit- united in a week of evangelism ican missionary societies of the ness do we believe Jesus arose and March 11-18. "Every member a Lutheran, Presbyterian and Sev- is living. We have the witness of our witness for the Lord Jesus" was enth Day Adventists, and the own hearts, and the experience of the the ideal kept in mind. English Church Missionary So- Holy Spirit, and His love and peace. ciety. The entire Protestant For these reasons we believe that He Methods suggested by the Rev. membership is less. than 4,000, arose from the dead and is living." G. H. Singh, Honorary Director with 2,000 of them Presbyteri- I had carried with me a copy of each of Church-Centered Evangelism ans. The ~omanCatholics have of the Gospels, one of Acts, and a for Mid-India, included the folmore than 60,000 communicants. copy of the Psalms. I said to them, lowing:- "I have some copies of the Engil with -Missions. me. Perhaps you would like to see 1. Christians testify, teach and them and have them." They signified work among their own relatives. With Afghan Mull~hs yes, and I drew them..from my pock- et. The musktihid raised them in both 2. Efforts be confined to a single Rev. J. Mark Irwin of Meshed hands to his forehead, and then sat group or caste. describes an opportunity which there holding them with a show of came to him on a recent visit to great reverence. Soon they were in 3. Use of newly-prepared drama on Afghanistan. He asked permis- the hands of the others and they were life of Venkaya, famous robber chief sion of the governor for a visit all looking at them, and reading them of South India, available from Miswith the leading Mohammedan as the conversation continued. sion Press, Jubbulpore, for 2 annas. ecclesiastics. The governor cordially arranged this. Mr. Irwin INDIA AND BURMA 4. Prayer, undergirding the work writes in the Presbyterian: every step of the way. Industry and Evangelism At ten o'clock we were taken to the 5. Thorough preparation prior to government headquarters, and there Ten years ago Edwin Law- March 11. seated around a great table were rence, a young engineer who some ten or more mullahs, with the 6. Work continued for 12 months chief of Foreign Affairs and several held an appointment in India, of the year, fostered by a special comother men. At first I drew a deep mittee appointed at next meeting of breath and thought, 'Now what shall was led to found a new type of the Church Council. I say?" After formal greetings, I service which he named the "In- -The Indian Witness.. dia Industrial Mission," and lo- cated in a vacant mission prop- Floating Hospitals for Bathers erty at Cossipore, Calcutta. The first to join the Mission was a Hindus of India every 27 Brahman, who came looking for years observe a religious festi- on office position, but learned val, of which one feature is a that India sorely needed produc- pilgrimage to the sacred Ganges tion workers, and that this Mis- sion had no funds for overhead

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

River for a ceremonial bath of crisis has brought it about, that and methods of thought. About much work has already had to a dozen native Christians joined puri'fication. The year 1935 be given up even in the Danish the missionary and rendered val- Mission, which has had less to uable service. brought a recurrence of the fes- suffer than others. The other festival was at tival, which took place on Feb- Sangli Ohurch Life Courtallam, where thousands of pilgrims gather to bathe in the ruary 3d. More than 750,000 Sangli, in the Krishna River large waterfall. The people, valley, is the center of many however, were very indifferent, pilgrims invaded Calcutta, tax- enterprises. Willingdon Col- and many said, "Your religion lege, with its 350 students, two is not for us." ing its over-night lodging facili- boys' high schools, a newly- founded girls' high school and -The Christian. ties to the utmost. All along the many primary schools make it an educational and cultural Outcaste Wins a Brahman 1,500 miles of river millions of center. Through the American Presbyterian Industrial and Mr. Pickett, author of Mass others gathered for the same Agricultural School which dates Movements in India, tells this from 1884, Sangli is a pioneer incident: purpose so that the British Gov- in village uplift and rural recon- struction. Within 20 years it . While touring in South India I ernment was gravely concerned has become a center of light for talked with an educated Christian depressed classes. To pursue all Telegu, formerly a Brahman, and over possible epidemics in Cal- these lines of service, the station asked him how he came to accept force last year numbered fifty; Christianity. He replied: "Because cutta from the influx of throngs one ordained and four unor- of a most marvelous personality dained viII age evangelists, whom I met." He went on to tell of pilgrims. Floating hospitals thirty-one teachers, five Bible- how he had been traveling with a women, two colporteurs and gentleman, an Indian, whose convercarrying large quantities of dis- seven missionaries. Within that sation and manner were so cultured year the Central Church has and interesting that he had spent infectants circulated among the been able not only to meet every with him three of the most deligl;ttful obligation, including the pastor's hours of his life. He asked this acbathers. -Missions. salary, but to open a free library quaintance on the train what caste on the Mission compound, to buy he came from. He could hardly cred- Tamil Missions instruments for the singing it his statement that he had been an band, and to supply fuel and oil outcaste. The first speaker said he The veteran missionary of to 30 students attending the five- could not get away from this fact, the Danish Missionary Society, day Bible Institute which was and in the end bought a New Testa- Knud Heiberg, reports in the sponsored and financed entirely ment and studied it. He said the Dansk Missionsblad that condi- by the Sangli Church, with some mystery was explained, "I understood tions in South India are becom- help from the village churches. the power that could transform a life, ing more and more difficult for The Mission had no responsi- and I too accepted Christ as my Savmany of the older missions. The bility except friendly coopera- iour. I hunted up my friend of the Americans have been compelled tion on the part of the mission- train and asked him to baptize me." to retrench increasingly and the aries in Sangli. The Women's German missions are in a pitiful Society is a going concern. It -World Call. state since the German Govern- maintains five Bible classes. ment is preventing the sending Mass Marriage of Infants out of monies. He says that -Western India Notes. what makes the matter all the Their childish eyes bewildered more difficult, is that those in PTeaching at Festivals and their bare feet chafing the India can not obtain clear an- grass, 374 infant couples were swers from their country or Two Brethren missionaries married March 31 in North their boards on the real condi- have recently preached the Gos- Bombay Presidency. It was the tions. pel at two large heathen festi- largest mass child marriage cer- vals. The first was held near emony held in India in many The Tamil Evangelical Luther- Christianpettah, where the god years. Some brides and bridean Church has given almost all worshiped is supposed to be an grooms were mere infants in its workers notice of dismissal incarnation of Krishna. Mostly arms; some were small children. by May 31, and the conditions low-caste people worship at this Many babies, too small to walk, will doubtless force the German temple. The evangelists had to slept in the arms of their elders. missionaries to give up their put up with plenty of noise and Others gurgled happily at the fields of work, unless a change smoke, but they learned a great booming of gun salutes which comes before that time. One deal more of the native customs were a part of the ceremony. German mission which he knows Young bridegrooms arrived in was in this predicament-in decorated bullock carts and were January it received an amount carried before the priests. Many of 80 rupees, while its budget were not old enough to have required more than 3,000 month- even an inkling of what was takly. ing place. All the tiny couples There are some who have great ideas of having the Indian Church continue the work without the help of the older churches. But the time has by no means arrived, and even if there are parts of the work which the Indian Church can undertake in places where the branches have taken deeper roots, the present

then united in a feast, in which Christianity. The prevailing at- tives and backers of one's own the parents joined. titude of the vast bulk of Chi- clique. nese is complete indifference. -New York Times. Among the more educated class- -China Weekly Review. es Christianity is viewed as a Meet the Missionary! foreign importation, an alien, Effective Bravery cultural invasion. There is the Rev. C. E. Chaney, field secre- Communistic attitude which de- Dangiong, Fukien, is in a distary for the Baptist Mission in clares Christianity to be a form trict much troubled by bandits, Burma, after a tour in the Chin of economic imperialism and who make frequent raids on any Hills district, writes in the which condemns it, as it does all unguarded place, burning, loot- Watchman-Examiner: religio"n, as a deadly drug. The ing and killing. As the bandits typical attitude of the young had shown a certain degree of On arrival at Haka various ones Chinese today is that of the ag- respect for the Christian church came to meet us and shake hands nostic or secularist. and its workers, Christians in with us. One was a blind Christian Dangiong sent their valuables to who had heard of the visiting mis- -The Churchman. the church for safety. The sionary and had walked 100 miles bandits heard of this, and choosjust to shake hands. Two preachers The Best Governed Province ing a time when they knew the walked 25 miles to meet the visitor Bible woman was alone at the from the south. One evening I saw In a recent survey of condi- church house, they planned a the shadow of a man on the veranda. tions in China, Dr. Sherwood raid. The Bible woman, suspect- He was slipping away. I called my Eddy reports that of all the ing their intentions, had already companion's attention to him and provinces he visited Szechuen is persuaded the Christians to rewent to speak to him. He had walked the richest but worst governed, move their belongings. Then over 30 miles, and had, unknown to while Kwangsi is the poorest but she put a notice on the church us, been waiting a long time to see the best governed. Here the door saying: "If you want to the visitors. He was too timid to work of Dr. James Yen and the come and search the church, intrude. During the past 35 years National Economic Council was knock and I will open the doors. great changes have taken place in almost complete operation. Don't break down the doors." among the Chins. Every school is in process of de- The second night that she was veloping into a community cen- alone the bandits came, shouting It was my privilege to meet the and battering the doors. She first Chin convert, baptized in 1905, ter, is designed to include the quickly opened them and asked who is now a pastor in the hills. whole community in a scheme of the men not to destroy the There are fully 3,000 baptized Chris- practical education, which aims church, for there was nothing of tians, and nearly 500 came into the material value there. Quietly church this past year. at the reconstruction of all life. talking, she made the bandits But while Dr. Yen's work is quiet. They searched the place, CHINA deeply important and hopeful, and finding nothing, withdrew without a single exception his quietly; the brave woman then Christianity in Last Decade projects are being opposed open- fastened the doors and praised ly or secretly by the beneficiaries the Lord. -C. M. S. Outlook. Prof. James T. Addison of the of the old order, especially the old officials, fighting to keep Gospel Bands in Fukien Episcopal Theological School, their own selfish profit, privilege and prestige. Special meetings in Fukien Cambridge, believes that while Province led to the formation of Dr. Eddy suggested to Gen- 120 gospel bands. These volun- Christianity in China suffered a eral Chiang Kai-shek that China teer teams have won large num- needed not only new men but a bers to the Kingdom. Rev. Leonsetback during the Nationalist new system beginning with a ard Christian tells the story of fivefold program. 1. To have two members of a team. They Movement of 1925-1928, it really only a few laws but enforce were working in a suburb and in them; to protect the peasants each of four instances when they benefited by the trials of those from extortionate taxation; and had brought persons to the point to adequately pay officials so of becoming learners, a man years. A winnowing of weaker they will have no excuse for with much influence there undid squeezing, as in the efficient cus- all their work and turned people and half-hearted members took toms service. 2. To budget, against them. Praying for guid- audit and publish all accounts. ance, they were led to go in perplace and the gl-eat majority who 3. To promptly and surely pun- son to this man and explain the ish. all offenders. 4. To reward Gospel. Taking literature and remained loyal were strength- the honest and efficient. 5. Equal hymns and all the courage they impartial justice to all, without possessed, they came away raened in their faith. The Nation- protecting or promoting unwor- diant, for the man, and his son thy officials or incompetent relaalist Movement served to accel- erate a movement towards fur- ther placing of responsibility for the Chinese Church upon native shoulders and towards develop- ing a trul.y indigenous Christianity. .

The other salient feature in history of Christianity in China during the last 10 years has been the efforts towards union among mission bodies. One-third of the Protestant communicants now belong to the Church of Christ in China.

Dr. Addison names four distinct attitudes apparent towards

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

also, enrolled themselves as Most of these have gone back to the past year Rev. Song Sang learners before the afternoon their villages and started some- Suk has been giving one half his was over. thing-a Sunday school, a Bible time to special temperance work.

-Missionary Herald. Class, a Reading Circle, a Rec- Last June he staged and man- reational Center or a Better- aged a great temperance parade JAPAN Farming Lecture Course. in Pyengyang City where 5,000 "Golden Castle" School These Peasant Gospel Schools, people marched with banners however, have only touched the and flags through the city and some tens of thousands of sheet This (Southern) Presbyterian fringe of the problem. tracts were given out. He has school opened in Nagoya with made a point of urging that oraonly three students. To the gen- -Intercollegian and torical contests and essay writeral public it was just an insig- Far Horizons. ing contests on temperance be nificant part of the Jesus reli- held in all schools of higher gion. Forty-six years have Kyoto Episcopal Mission grade; out of this an interest passed and today it stands with has developed among students. complete internal organization In a crowded section of Kyoto, and full external recognition, a Strenuous ProgTams Girls' Junior College. where most of the people are en- gaged in silk weaving, the Epis- With an expenditure of $30 At present there are about twelve students of Chosen Chris- 1500 graduates of the school. copal Church maintains a center tian College were sent out to six These are scattered as far as of work, both through the spok- of Korea's 13 provinces, two Korea and Manchuria, and even men to each, during the summer to America and England. Among en word and through practical of 1934. These men visited 17 them are wives helping their help given to the everyday life different places and did work in husbands, mothers bringing up 29 separate churches from 10 to their children, consecrated evan- of the people. Its small and in- 24 days at a place, a total of 105 gelists of the Gospel of Christ expensive building is wholly in- days, which made the work cost teachers in kindergartens and about 30 cents per day. In these girls schools, employees in banks sufficient for the need. The meetings they taught a total of and business houses. All of them church is always crowded. A 10,201 children in the day time; are adding to the school's repute. kindergarten, night school, boys' and preached to a total of 22,881 Of those originally connected persons in the evenings. The with the school, only an old fir and girls' clubs, a reading room program was intended to include tree remains. It was planted by the teaching of language, arith- Mrs. Randolph, the founder. and a summer camp for 50 chil- metic, geography, singing, story dren are some of the activities. telling and Bible, to boys and -Presbyterian Survey. girls in the day time, and a pop- Japanese doctors and nurses ular night meeting for adults. Rural Advances In most cases, the men, ashamed carryon a clinic, and if you to let down the reputation of the In spite of rapid industrializa- college or to admit their own intion, 47% of Japan's population should happen to be in the ability, worked in the wee hours is still rural. One of the most of the night and attempted to significant accomplishments of church when Dr. Fujino, a ves- oblige these eager, expectant the Kingdom of God Movement folk. The men of the village has been its pioneering in this tryman in Kyoto, arrives to be- gathered in their room after the field. It adopted the strategy of evening services to talk until trying to capture the nation's al- gin the clinic, you will see him midnight and the children were most 12,000 villages by evangel- knocking on their doors by dayizing and training potential vil- first of all kneel at the altar to light the next morning eager to lage lay leaders. One hundred begin the day's work. short – term Peasant G 0 s pel ask God's blessing on what he Schools have been held in twen- has come to do. . -Korean Mission Field. ty-five prefectures, either under the direct auspices of the move- Much of the cost of this work ment or with its assistance. Each is supplied by a group of fifty Japanese patrons, each of whom contributes the equivalent of $15 American currency a year.

-The Living Church.

Temperance Movement in Korea All Christian churches of Ko- rea are temperance organiza- tions. No one having anything to do with liquor as maker, sell- er, distributor' or user can be a member of any of cthheurcchhuwrcohreks~ but until recently of these schools has gathered ers have been so busy winning ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC some twenty or twenty-five believers and creating their young men and women from as churches that they have not felt Jubilee in Papua many villages and given them a that they had the time or energy Sixty years ago, on November week or ten days of intensive to give to temperance work for 21, 1875, William G. Lawes, with training for Christian leadership nonbelievers. The W. C. T. U. his wife and small son, landed in in their respective villages. Over has been at work for years, but Port Moresby, New Guinea, the 2,000 rural young people have it was felt there should be a man first Europeans to make a home been enrolled in these schools. to lead in this movement. For in that savage land. They came

in the John Williams as mission- over 300 is now over 3,000, with Common Faith, a religion with God aries of the London Missionary 900 adherents and more than left out, advocated in a college which Society. Now a strong Papuan 1,500 baptized children under was once a Puritan stronghold. church has been built up and twelve years of age. The school over 500 Papuan boys and girls of 33 boys has grown into 38 3. The resistance of seven thousand attend the Christian day school. schools with over 1,800 children, German evangelical pastors to Hitler's Today Port Moresby is the res- of whom about 1,600 are Chris- edicts. They declared: "Obedience to idence of the British Governor tians, and from a staff of two the present church government is dis- General and airplanes fly over teachers, there are now 91, all obedience to God." the land that was formerly only of whom are Christians. traversed on foot through dense 4. German Catholics making com- jungles while war canoes plied -Malaysia Message. mon cause with German Protestants the bays and rivers. in defense of their faith.

Early Days in Borneo 5. The activity of the National Con- ference of Jews and Christians in the Just after the B()xer uprising United States. when 16,000 Christians became Hurricane in Cook Islands 6. Declarations by thousands of martyrs, a Christian Methodist '. Protestant ministers against a cruel of Foochow, a man of wealth competitive economic 0 r d e rand and education, decided to do as Raratonga, Cook Is., is asso- against war. the Pilgrim Fathers and seek a land of religious freedom. He ciated with John Williams and 7. A r(!emphasis of the importance found many willing to go, but his feat of building the Messen- of personal religion. where was the land? Like Abra- ger of Peace with no previous 8. The religious literature of 1934 ham he set out, not across the plains, but into the South Seas, shipbuilding knowledge and no shows a tendency away from the de- not knowing where he went. structive criticism which has long When he arrived in Singapore, ordinary shipbuilding materials been prevalent and toward a spiritual he was directed to Sarawak as or tools. Just as the London harmony. the land best suited for such an undertaking, where Raja Brooke Missionary Society was rejoic- owned 36,000,000 acres of good land. Here he met the Rajah, ing in a report of encouraging World Convention of C. E. who not only liked the scheme, but willingly gave land and mon- work done there, and plans for The ninth quadrennial World ey to charter a boat to bring the further improvement, a hurri- Convention of Christian En- colonists over. Then he returned deavor will be held in Budapest to China to get his men, and out cane brought crushing disaster. in August – postponed for one of the crowd he picked about The full extent of the damage is year because of conditions in five hundred men and twenty not yet known. The Mission Europe. The program will give . women, mostly Methodists, and equal recognition to three lan- put them on his chartered boat, House is far enough from the guages – Hungarian, German but sailing away from friends and English-and the speakers and home filled many with fear, sea to have escaped complete de- and conference leaders will be and they put in at Hong Kong. struction. The New Zealand chosen from every part of the It happened that Bishop Warne Government, which has the man- world. Budapest has been a was there on his way to Manila. strong center of Christian En- When he heard of this boatload date, will do all it can in relief deavor for many years. of Methodists on their way to measures, but cannot be expect- Borneo, he went to visit them, and when he saw how fearful ed to rebuild churches and hous- they were, he said, "Don't be es. Friends of the L. M. S. have afraid; I will go with you." He stayed ten days with them, or- subscribed £150, but much more ganized a church, and from this will be 'needed. band has grown a Christian community of more than 10,000. -The Chronicle. BapustS.S.Growth The small clearing in the jungle is now more than 200,000 acres MISCELLANEOUS At the close of 1934 the num- of cultivated land; five little ber of Baptist Sunday school chapels have developed into 46 Epochal Religious Events appointments; a membership of scholars throughout the world The only secular newspaper was advanced by nearly 1,200,- summary of the events of 1934 000. This includes an increase which touched the field of reli- of over a million in the Negro gion appeared in the Boston Transcript. Other pap e r s National Baptist Convention. printed necrologies, chronicles Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke attributes of disaster and crime, but none this large increase in Negro attempted to evaluate the trends scholars to the adoption of in religion except Dr. Dieffen- b:'tch who, in the Transcript, stricter statistical methods, since smgled out several religious a round figure of 1,500,000 pre- events which in his opinion are viously reported is replaced by a as epochal as those which very precise 2,588,834. There is marked the transition from the Middle Ages to modern times. a decrease of approximately Briefly they are: 11,000 in Europe, and this is ex- plained by the fall in Britan. 1. The admission of Russia, an atheist state, to the League of Na- Other continents show little tions. change, with the exception of South America, where last year's 2. John Dewey's Yale lectures, A total of 40,213 has increased to 45,250.

-Watchman-Examiner.

~'=~_ _ _ _—-"""""""~~='"

1 OUf Missionary Bookshelf I Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I i(i*,,======——-==-=—-==–=======–=-=====~~ , Good Books on Home Missions* tier in relation to its significance We Must March. Honore WiIlsie in church history and its influ- Morrow. William Morrow Co. $2.00. Prepared by the Office of Educa- ence in bringing into being the New York. tion and Publicity Board of distinctive characteristics of National Missions, Presby- American Christianity. Authentic narrative of Narcis- terian Church, U. S. A. sa Whitman, the first white Religious Backgrounds of American woman to cross the Rocky Moun- What do we ask of a reading Culture. Thomas C. Hale. 1930. tains, and the part she and her list? That it shall add to our Little, Brown & Co., Boston. $3.00. husband played in the early hisbody of information? That it tory of Oregon. shall illumine our study with the The author traces the course story of the lives of those whose of religious history from the How Marcus Whitman Saved Orecompulsion was and is: Woe is time of the English "dissenters," gon. Oliver W. Nixon. 1895. Star me, if I preach not the gospel? through the period of dissent in Publishing Co., Chicago. Out of That it shall provoke to a fur- New England and Virginia, print. ther study of the aspects of need, down to the present-day phases underlying problems, and recog- of religious interest. A biography of Marcus Whitnized trends to which a single man, with the interesting incivolume can serve only as an in- FRONTIERSMEN OF THE CHURCH dents of life among the Indians troduction? Brief as it is, it is and an account of Whitman's hoped that the following list The Life and Labors of Bishop Hare. part in the opening of the Northmeets these requirements. M. A. DeWolfe Howe. National west. Council of the Episcopal Church. THE CANVASS $1.00. Francis Asbury, the Prophet of the Long Road. Ezra Squier Tipple. The Epic of America. James Trus- Interesting account of one of 1916. Abingdon Press, Methodist low Adams. Little, Brown & Co., the foremost leaders and cham- Book Concern. $2.00. Boston. $2.50. Reprint 1934. p~ons of the Indians, the first Episcopal missionary bishop to Organizer, founder of schools, Narrative account of the go into South Dakota to labor and "faithful shepherd." growth of America, told through among the Dakotas. In his thirthe story of the most momen- ty-seven years of service he es- Vanguard of the Caravans. Coe tous episodes and the biogra- tablished church policies with Hayne. 1931. Judson Press, Philphies of outstanding leaders in relation to Indians which are adelphia. $1.00. their relation to the panorama still being carried out. of American life. Life story of John Mason Peter Cartwright: Pioneer. Helen Peck, Baptist missionary on the SPIRES AND STEEPLES Hardie Grant. 1931. Abingdon Illinois frontier who preceded Press, New York. $2.00. the covered wagon caravan The Religious Foundations of Amer- across the Mississippi River in ica. Charles L. Thompson. 1928. Life of a "great Methodist and 1817. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. a great man," a pioneer prairie $1.50. preacher responsible for keeping Jason Lee: Prophet of the New Ore- slavery out of Illinois and "hero gon. Cornelius J. Brossman. 1932. Story of the religious elements of many a picturesque affair in Macmillan Co., New York. $3.00. which like the members of dif- the early days of the state." ferent races have entered into Romantic, authentic story of the making of America with an Sheldon Jackson. Robert Laird Ste- the work of the first missionary account of their influence on the wart. 1908. Fleming H. Revell to enter the Oregon country. He national life. Co., New York. founded the first permanent American settlement although CHURCH AND NATION Biography of an outstanding other attempts had been made pioneer worker, a "foreign mis- without satisfactory result. The Frontier Spirit in American sionary" to the Choctaws, a pio- Christianity. Peter A. Mode. 1923. neer in western frontier service, Mary and I: Forty Years with the Macmillan Co., New York. $1.75. best known for his sacrificial de- Sioux. Stephen R. Riggs. 1887. votion to missions in Alaska. Congregational Sunday School and Study of the American fron- Publishing Society. Out of print.

* Suggested Reading List in "Toward a Fascinating account of the toils and sacrifices, joys and re- Christian America," by Hermann N. Morse. wards of a pioneer missionary Any of the books noted in these columns. and now obtainable, will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[317 ]

family which began and carried of the working out of this prin- While our attitude toward the forward mission work among ciple. Oriental is still flexible he recthe Dakota Indians. ommends bending it toward hu- Roving with the Migrants. Adela J. man unity and Christlike under,. THE GEOGRAPHY OF HOME Ballard. 1931. Council of Women standing. for Home Missions and Missionary MISSIONS Education Movement, New York. EVANGELISM Paper,50c. Home Missions Today and Tomor- TUrn to your own denomina- row: A Review and Forecast. Ed- The challenge of the migrants tion for books and leaflets pre- ited by Hermann N. Morse. 1934. came to the author through senting the "pageant of the tri- Home Missions Council, New York. work with them. In this brief umph in Christ." Paper, 75c. book she points out the need of the migrants for love to God and SOCIAL RELATIONS This summation of an inten- the need of the church for love sive study made by the Home for man. .Religion Lends a Hand. James Missions Council is a valuable Myers. 1929. Harper Brothers, source and reference book on the The Machine Age in the Hills. Mal- New York. $1.50. definition, interpretation, analy- colm Ross. 1933. The Macmillan sis, outlook, and forecast of the Company, New York. $2.00. Religion as a helper in social home missions task. progress is the theme developed. This book sets forth the prob- Investigation of the institutions HOME MISSIONS, THE CHILD OF lems of the isolated mountaineer in the United States which apply who in recent years has been this ideal furnishes authorita- . THE TIMES drawn by the wheels of industry tive illustrations. into the hazards of mining life The Challenge of Change-What Is and communities. God and the Census. Robert N. Mc- Happening in Home Missions. John Lean. 1931. Council of Women Milton Moore. 1931. Council of International Relations for Home Missions and Missionary Women for Home Missions and Mis- Education Movement, New York. sionary Education Movement, New Why Wars Must Cease. A Sympo- Cloth, $1.00; paper, 60c. York. Paper, 25c. sium edited by Rose Young. 1935. The Macmillan Company, New Looking beyond the figures of The author presents a wider York. $1.00. the census, the author presents scope for home missions than is the forces which cannot be tabucommonly held and challenges Arguments against war are lated, the spiritual realities of the church to build according to forcefully set forth by ten writ- underprivileged groups. these specifications. ers nationally and international- ly prominent. These arguments In the Shadow of Liberty. By Ed- The Church in America. William batter down all defenses of war. ward Corsi. Macmillan Co., New Adams Brown. 1922. The Mac- York. $3.50. millan Company, New York. $3.00. Race Family and personal experi- From a wide experience and Brown America. Edwin R. Embree. ence appear to have shaped the varied contacts the author sum- 1932. The Viking Press, New York. heart and mind of Edward Corsi marizes the place and work of $2.50. -immigrant boy, settlement the church in our post-war na- worker, Commissioner of Immitional life. Here is a frank, unbiased gration, Director of the Home statement of the trials and tri- Relief of the City of New York CROSS CURRENTS umphs of the "new race," the in- -to a social outlook on life and termingling of black, white, and to a particularly human view- Industry yellow, which forms a tenth of point of Ellis Island. His career the population of the United has been profoundly influenced Christianity and Industry in America. States. by his father, Filippo Corsi of Alva W. Taylor. 1933. Friendship Abruzzi, Italy, who, because of Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; The Jew and the World Ferment. his aggressive support of agra- paper, 60c. Basil Mathews. 1934. Friendship rian reform, was driven into ex- Press, New York. Cloth, $1.50; ile. Fortunately he was recalled Out of the conviction that our paper, 75c. by his election to the Italian pargreatest social and moral prob- liament-an office which he lems are industrial and that our The writer purposes to dis- never occupied for he was strickin d u s t ria I life has far out- cover how we should act toward en as he was about to give an stripped our moral and social the Jew whose prominence in impassioned response to the ovaadjustments is born this plea for the affairs of the nations as well tion of his fellow-townsmen. The practical Christianity. as in personal conflict is evidence young son was his father's com- that he is in the midst of the panion in exile, and was thrilled Protestant Churches and the Indus- world ferment. by his father's spectacular ca- trial Crisis. Edmund B. Chaffee. reer. 1933. The Macmillan Company, Orientals in American Life. Albeit New York. $2.00. W. Palmer. 1934. Friendship At ten years of age, with his Press, New York. Cloth, $1.00; mother, stepfather, brothers and Individual Christians and the paper, 60c. Church must face their relations to economic life, the writer con- The author shows his readers tends. Labor Temple in New what is behind the Oriental York City, which has been guid- mask-a likable, overwhelminged by Dr. Chaffee for twelve ly human Christian brother. years, serves as an illustration

OUR MISSION:ARY BOOKSHELF

sisters, Edward lalJded in New van through Ellis Island, until nomic conditions in America. work. Two emotions possessed arrested by the World War and By 1932 the outward movement him in turn. His wonder and finally brought to a standstill by of aliens exceeded the inflow. exhilaration prompted by his first view of the Statue of Lib- the Immigration Act of 1924, re- That America continued to be a erty and by the New York sky- flects the extraordinary opti- land of desire, however, is strik- line which, through the haze, he ingly and pathetically illustrated mistook for mountains, quickly mism of America. Mr. Corsi ana- gave way to fear when he over- lyzes the composition of the car- by the large numbers debarred heard his stepfather express avan-English, Dutch, French, because of quota restrictions or concern lest they be turned back Scotch-Irish and German-to because of surreptitious entry. at Ellis Island because of their Perhaps at no time in the his- limited cash. Fortunately for the middle of the nineteenth cen- tory of America has American Edward and for America this tury and then fresh accession to hysteria over immigration been fear was not well-founded for the number of Germans, Irish the Corsi family was included more unhappily illustrated than among the one and a quarter and British. But then the com- by the arrest, the examination million immigrants admitted to position of the caravan changed America in 1907. to Italians, Austrians, Hunga- and deportation of undesirable aliens. Speaking of this Amer- Referring to the next decisive riam'!, Jews, Slavs, Poles and ican mood after the World War Russians though the inflow of Mr. Corsi says "quickly the na- experience which came to him as Irish and Scandinavians contin- an immigrant lad, living in tional hatred turned from a de- wretched quarters on the lower ued in considerable numbers. feated Germany and lashed it- While opposition to immigra- east side of New York, Mr. Cor- self into a rage against all forms si says, tion sprang up from time to of radicalism and all sorts of radicals. Victor Berger, of Mil- Down the street on which I lived time, in the main Americans be- there was a little brownstone house, waukee, was a conservative so- which to many in the neighborhood lieved that America was the land cialist. Senator La Follette was seemed shrouded in mystery. It was of unlimited opportunity where a Republican Progressive. Fed- a settlement house, which some of our parents feared had been put there to any honest man could get a liv- eral Judge Landis of Chicago, in draw Italian children to the Protes- ing and where every clever man sentencing Berger to jail and tant faith . . . The day came, how- ever, when we decided to investigate could amass wealth. This confi- prison, said he regretted that he that house and find out for ourselves dence was not shaken until the what it was there for . . . I remem- world depression settled upon could not have him shot." It ber clearly the day I led my gang into was during these days that the that house of mystery . . . My admis- America like a blight. True cells at Ellis Island were packed. sion to the Home Garden, later Haar- America had imposed upon im- lem House, marked a decisive advance It was then that the "Soviet in my career . . . migrants restrictions designed Ark," the Steamship Buford, to safeguard public health, pub- was dispatched with 249 pris- My settlement contacts and expe- riences gave me a new understanding lic morals and to debar potential oners, all to be deposited in dead of American life and American ideals. paupers. Unfortunately these of winter at the Russian border. It was a new understanding, because regulations did not eliminate This was all a part of what Mr. until then such dreams as I had had "dumping" by foreign countries Louis F. Post, one-time Assistant of the land of promise were well-nigh shattered by the grim reality of what nor preclude the immigrants' use Secretary of Labor at Washing- I had been forced to undergo. Long ton, termed "The Deportations before my mother had gone back to of Canada as a half-way house. Italy both she and my stepfather had The first racial groups, as racial Delirium of Nineteen Hundred realized the futility of their adven- groups, to feel the restraining Twenty." Unfortunately as Mr. ture. America had failed to offer its Corsi came to know, the expres- pot of gold. It had offered instead of America were the Chinese suffering, privations, and defeat. and the Japanese. The Contract sion of this delirium did not end Labor Law became particularly in 1920 but found expression After graduation from Ford- difficult to enforce. Agitation during Mr. Corsi's term of serv-' ham College Mr. Corsi returned ice. Speaking of unknown de- to the Haarlem House as a full- over literacy tests, just before time social worker. While here, and after the World War, re- portees Mr. Corsi says, "I found one morning in 1931, Secretary that many of them were like men Doak of the Department of La- flected the new temper of Amer- condemned to die, praying and bor summoned him to Washing- ica towards immigration. But crying for last-minute reprieves . ton and President Hoover ap- this temper did not have full ex- -clinging to fraying threads of pointed him Commissioner of pression until 1921 when the Immigration at Ellis Island. first Quota Law, based upon the hope." The human interest in Mr. Edward Corsi presents Ellis census of 1910, was adopted. Island as a reflector of the ever- This was followed in 1924 with Corsi is dominant. He tells in changing American mood. The a more rigid Quota Law based considerable detail the' experien- steady march of the great cara- upon national origins with the ces of notable "guests" at Ellis census of 1890 as the base-line. Island both before and during This law clearly marks a change his official relationship with the in the American mind towards Island. He found some of these immigration. experiences humorous, others pathetic and others tragic. In From about 1928 the immigra- tion trend, or to keep to Mr. the first category is that of Migi Corsi's figure, the movement of the caravan, was checked by eco-

Cogic who was ordered deported Conformist. No Anglican needs The sociological expressions because of defective eyesight but a survey to define his parish. of religion are the goal of the the Government was compelled The pages devoted to "Minis- book which Mr. Fenner writes to hold Miji as its guest for the tering to Several Mission Sta- for the men of his own commun- full period of the war and during tions" should be read by all ion. There are excellent advices that time he plied a lucrative American rural Christians. His upon religious education, recre- discussion of lay readers might ation, and the rest of those distrade as tailor and barber.

Pathetic indeed is the story of well be translated into the Pres- ciplines upon which many men Paula Patton who was deemed byterian, Baptist, and Methodist have written well. There are to be mentally defective and languages. These denominations bibliographies for the socially therefore not admitted. Her indulge their members with minded to use in humanizing case shows political vacillation "once a month preaching." They their priestly manners. But to- of the authorities at Washington dilute the worship of God from day the rural saints are turning extending over a period from its Sunday holiness to a pale, to worship and to holiness, with 1914 to 1925 when she was lunar, shirt-sleeve langour. They order and maj esty as the goal of should learn of Mr. Fenner to their aspirations. The Anglican granted legal residence.

"Prince" Mike Romanoff was sanctify the Sabbath and to from whose Ember Days we a grotesque though not uninter- make the house of God holy- have rebuilt Rural Life Sunday esting figure. Repeatedly he ap- Sunday a day of worship. He can teach us about the social peared as an immigrant and re- would train a young man to read ministry of the priest in the day peatedly he was sent back. a sermon every Sunday and con- of joy, of fear, or of grief. A m 0 Ii g other distinguished duct a service of worship while The contribution of Mr. Fenguests were Mrs. Emmeline "the preacher is away at another Pankhurst, Emma Goldman and ner is the latest expression,· and charge." This abuse of little in many ways the best, of the Ignatius Timothy Trebitsch-Lin- churches, closed on a Sunday, denominational hand books for coIn "whom Scotland Yard re- the Church and Country Life when the minister is elsewhere, Movement. A generation ago ferred to as 'the most elusive constitutes one of the great abusman in the world' and whom es of American Christianity. men told me that the country church would be the clue to the United States Marshall James There used to be a Southern union of churches. On the con- M. Power characterized as 'just Methodist Bishop who shocked trary. Each denomination and each of the Christian associaan ordinary thief.' " his hearers with the statement Mr. Corsi's book is full of that "10,000 of our churches were closed last Sunday." He dramatic interest. It breathes with human sympathy and re- meant that their preachers were tions has had its own organiza- away. This "religion of the tions and its own handbooks in flects a fine social sense. CHARLES HATCH SEARS. moon" Mr. Fenner would con- the interest of its own rural units. They all do what Mr. vert by training lay readers. Fenner has done. They inter- The Episcopal Church in Town and The treatment of worship and pret the country church econom- Country. By Goodrich R. Fenner, of architecture are excellent, as ically and socially. I am amused of The National Council (Protes- to see the most conservative of tant Episcopal Church), New York one would expect, and the stand- City. 1935. ards of "church singing" are these churches advised to "make This excellent book begins un- properly high, for the Episcopal the farmer a better farmer." favorably for the non-Anglican, Church has regard "for the That was heresy, for which I as it makes so much of the priest beauty and majesty of the wor- was denounced twenty-two years and his "calling." Outside of ship that is ordered." the churches which have had The chief value of this book is ago. Now rural missions and governmental alliance, there is . in its presentation of the interest agricultural missions have gone small respect for the "divine of a church which sanctifies its all over the world and they have calling" of the pastor. Their re- houses of worship and keeps the highest approval, yet we stand today as denominational spect is for the calling of the them apart from secular use, as we were when Theodore sinner. But Mr: Fenner, subse- which sanctifies its ministers Roosevelt commanded us to proquently appeals to the pastor to and reminds them that they are mote better farming and better recognize his responsibility for priests of God. Mr. Fenner, living.

"making his people better farm- however, does not carry us as ers,"-"mental hygiene," "child far as he might, for he could The time seems to have come well have developed the Angli- for the different communions to training," "visiting the jail."

In his treatment of the "Par- can tradition in explaining the do what Mr. Fenner has in part ish Program" the author is holy offices of marriage and of done and for each to contribute· strong for surveys, organiza- the funeral service. In both of the great religious heritage it tions, publicity. He shows that these the rural pastors have has to the purely religious dehe is not only a priest but a man, much to learn from the Church velopment of the country church a brother, and an America,n; not which has a 'Prayer Book- in worship, in ceremonial, in merely an Anglican-he might great repository of religious sacrament, and in prayer.

even be accused of being a non- faith through the ages." WARREN H. WILSON.

Books Studies in the Gospel According

Matthew. E. Schuyler English. Daughter of Brahma. E. Elizabeth Once untl, ),011 would nt'lcr be ..,ilhout it. $1.75. 226 pp. Revell. New York. Vickland. 64 pp. Revell. New York. FEATURES: Introduction, by Professor George Shaw B.O South American Adventures. Alice Curtis Desmond. $2.50. 284 pp. Education in India in 1932-33. 118 The Lesson Vnu by Ynst, by Rev. David J. Fane, Jr Macmillan. New York. pp. British Library of Information. New York. Lmons from lilt WSD", by Rev Ira E. David, Ph.O Personal Items Siae Ligbls on the Leuo,,_ Selected from Many Authon The Flying Boat. Robert N. McLean. Tit, B~jnntrJ' C14n, by Eleanor M. Jonet and (Concluded from page 257.) 184 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press. New York. Martha L. Fesmire. man, New York City, was elected sec- retary. A Grand-Canyon of Resurrection Re- Tht Primllty Class. by Stella M. Rudy alities. Robert G. Lee. 172 pp. The Junior Clllff, by Addie Marie French. *** $1.00. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids, Mich. SuggeJlions for the Superintendent. by Rev. F L. Squires Dr. and Mrs. Jonathan Goforth, veteran missionaries of the Presby- The New Home. Capt. Reginald Send only 10e in . (or current issue. terian Church of Canada, have re- Wallis. 96 pp. 18. Pickering & turned home and were given a public Inglis. London. Modern Trends in World Religions. reception in Knox Presbyterian Edited by A. Eustace Haydon. 255 Church, Toronto. Dr. Goforth is now Report on the Bihar Earthquake and pp. $2.50. University of Chicago blind. on the Measures Taken in Conse- Press. London. quence Thereof up to Dec. 31, 1934. *** W. B. Brett. 100 pp. Government Race Relations: Adjustment of Printing Office. Bihar, India. Whites and Negroes in the United Dr. Frederick Douglass Patterson States. Willis D. Weatherhead and who was born in Washington, D. C., Statement Exhibiting the Moral and Charles S. Johnson. 590 pp. $3.20. thirty-four years ago, has been elected Material Progress and Condition Heath. London and New York. president of Tuskegee Institute, Ala- of India During 1932-33. S. F. bama, to succeed Dr. R. R. Moton, who Stewart. Map. 197 pp. 38. H. The Drama of the Eucharist. Stacy retired after twenty years of service. M. Stationery Office. London. Waddy. 107 pp. 28. 6d. cloth, 1>1 Dr. Patterson haSi been for seven paper. S. P. G. London. years head of the Agricultural De- Wisdom and Waste in the Punjab partment at Tuskegee. Village. M. L. Darling. 368 pp. A Desert Journal. Evangeline French, 128. 6d. Oxford University Press. Mildred Cable, Francesca French. *** London. 261 pp. $3. China Inland Mission. Germantown, Pa. Dr. J. H. Rushbrooke, General Sec- India Calling: The Memories of Cor- retary of the Baptist World Alliance nelia Sorabji. Cornelia Sorabji. Evolution Disproved. Wm. A. Wil- is spending two months in the United IlIus. 308 pp. 128. 6d. Nisbet. liams. 127 pp. $1.00. Wm. A. Wil- States, expecting to return to Eng- London. liams, Camden, N. J. land in July. His plans include ad- dresses at the Northern Baptist Con- Historical Lights of Liberia's Yester- Forerunners of a New Age. Basil vention in Colorado Springs. He is day and Today. Ernest J. Yancy. Mathews. 75 cents. 90 pp. I. M. C. making preliminary arrangements for $2.50. Aldine Pub. Co., Xenia, Ohio. New York. the Sixth Baptist World Congress which is to be held in Atlanta, Geor- Two Centuries of Student Christian Four Patterns of Revolution. Ethan gia in 1939. Movements. Clarence P. Shedd. Colton. 312 pp. $2.50. Associa- 466 pp. $3. Association Press. tion Press. New York. I If you use New York. In the Shadow of Liberty. Edward PRINTING The Modern Missionary. A study of Corsi. 321 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. the human factor in the missionary New York. YOU will profit from an ac- enterprise in the light of present- quaintanceship with us. We day conditions. C. Hoffman, A. G. The Jew and the World Ferment. do the job complete in our own Hogg, F. Mackenzie, S. Neill, R. Basil Mathews. $1.50. 186 pp. plant, whether it be large or Rees, M. Wrong, W. P. Young. Friendship Press. New York. small. Edited by J. H. Oldham. 128 pp. 18. 6d. Student Christian Move- Let Us Go Into the Next Town. While our specialty is Books, ment Press. London. George P. Pierson. $1. 93 pp. Magazines and Pamphlets, yet Revell. New York. we have a variety of modern The Japan Year Book, 1934. Map. equipment to meet all the re- 1,356 pp. $5. Foreign Affairs Men and Women of Far Horizons. quirements of your particular Assn., Tokyo. Jesse R. Wilson. $1. 214 pp. job. You will find our service Friendship Press. New York. prompt, careful and courteous. Hot-Hearted: Some Women Builders of the Chinese Church. F. I. Cod- The Niger Vision. R. S. Roseberry. Will you allow us to estimate rington. IlIus. 111 pp. 28. Church $1.50. 254 pp. Christian Pub., Inc. on your next printing? We be- of England Zenana Missionary So- Harrisburg, Pa. lieve you will be delighted with ciety. London. our product, price and service. Partners in the Expanding Church. Jesus Through Japanese Eyes: A A. L. Warnshuis and Esther Strong. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Study of the Daily Life of Jesus. 62 pp. 35 cents. International Mis- Toyohiko Kagawa. Trans. by H. F. sionary Council. New York. PrinteTS of Topping and M. Draper. 160 pp. The Missionary Review of tlu! WOTId 38. Lutterworth Press. London. Protestant Church as a Social Insti- tution. H. Paul Douglass and Ed- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Outline of Buddhism. C. H. S. mund de S. Bruner. 368 pp. $2.50. Third and Reily Streets HarrIsburg. Pa. Ward. 140 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Harpers. New York. Press. London. Spirit of Modern France. Helen Hill. An Outline of Islam. C. R. North. 26 pp. 25 cents. Foreign Policy 127 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. Assn. and World Peace Foundation. London. New York and Boston.

Toward the Sunrising. B. H. Bruner. A Student's Philosophy of Religion. $1.50. 280 pp. Cokesbury Press. Wm. Kelley Wright. $3. Macmil- Nashville, Tenn. lan. New York.

Illlportance of Latin

The Foreign Mission study topic for the coming year will be "Revealing Christ to Latin America." This will be the subject of a series of articles in our October number. These are being prepared by men and women of wide experience-Anglo-Saxons and Latin Americans.

A SPANISH AMERICAN FEAST Important Facts as to Twenty Republics ………………… .Mary W. Williams Unevangelized Areas of Latin America …….. " ……………… John Ritchie Religious Trends Among Spanish Americans ………………. .John A. Mackay The Indians of the South Lands ……………………….. .Joseph A. Davis The Conflict of Church and State ……………………… Chas. S. Detweiler Latin American Youth of Today ……………………….. G. Baez Camargo Educational Progress and Problems ……………………….. J. E. Moreland The Living Church of Latin America ……………………. Kenneth G. Grubb Union and Cooperation in Evangelical Work …………… Webster E. Browning The Next Steps in Mission Work …………………… . Ralph E. DitJendorfer Best Books on Latin America ………… '" ……………….. .S. G. Inman Order Your Copies NOW-For Study Circles and Conferences 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN 1. PIERSON, Editor Send Your Order to MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING CO., INC., Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

AGENTS WANTED H ERE are some titles of coming ar~ tides in THE REVIEW. Do not THE MISSIONARY REVIEW miss them: can be sold in quantities to every Missionary Society. It fur- Hitler and the Jews nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and Conrad Hoffmann, ]r. discussion groups. Why not act as our Agent in your church or On the Mosquito Coast community? You can advance Kenneth G. Grubb the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the same time can earn The Next Generation and Missions Robert E. Speer A Liberal Commission The Younger Men's Missionary Congress • Mills ]. Taylor Address-·-Circulation Manager Lost Condition of the Heathen The Missionary Review of the World Henry W. Frost Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. A. A. Hyde•••A Good Steward Wm. M. Vories What Is a Faith Mission?

Robert Hall Glover 25 cents a copy $2.50 a year

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1935

1935

Idols Falling in China James P. Leynse A Robber's Church in India H. R. Coventry A Century of Medical Work in China J. Oscar Thomson Problems and Encouragements at Home Seen by Home Mission Executives The Success of Missionary Children Ellsworth Huntington Among the Italians in America A. Di Domenica

~bt 1Sing'~ .u~int~~ Augustus Field Beard was born

May 11, 1833, in Norwalk, son of Al- published by gernon Edwin and Mary E. Mallory Beard. After attendmg Williston BIBLE INSTITUTE OF LOS ANGELES Academy, he went to Yale, bemg graduated with the A. B. degree in A monthly Bible Family Magazine with something in it 1857 and receiving his Master's de- gree in 1860. In 1857 and 1858 he for every member of the family circle went to Auburn Theological Seminary, and in 1860, the year that he was I SSUED for twenty-five years without interruption. THE KING'S BUSI- ordained a minister of the Congrega- NESS has consistently represented the best thought of the funda- tional Church, was graduated from mental Christian churches of the nation. In addition to its Union Theological Seminary. interesting contributions by leading teachers, evangelists and pastors, it prints every month several valuable departments, including: An Dr. Beard in 1886 became corre- International Lesson Commentary, Notes on Christian Endeavor, Daily sponding secretary of the American Devotional Readings, Girls' Query Corner, Junior King's Business, and Missionary Association of the Congre- Helps for Preachers and Teachers. Trial subscriptions (3 months) 25c; gational Church. For many years he Annual subscriptions $1.50. The following premiums are at present took a prominent part in the developavailable free with annual subscriptions: a teacher's Bible, a copy of ment of schools and colleges for Nelamison's Bible Chart, or a copy of Objects that Talk and Teach, con- groes in the South, and on his huntaining 52 new and interesting object lessons. The supply of each of dredth birthday anniversary, a fund these premiums is limited, so order at once. of $100,000 was started to provide scholarships for advanced Negro stu- Address: dents.

tlrbt Iting'5 1iusimss *** 558 South Hope Street Los Angeles, California Miss Frances Cecil Heath, one of the most valued leaders of the Y. W. Dates to Remember Obituary Note. C. A. in Great Britain, died on De- cember 30, 1934. She was the daugh- FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY Masanobu Ishizaka, first Dean and ter of the late Rev. Christopher and ASSEMBLIES then President of Aoyama Gakuin, Mrs. Heath of Hucclecote and Chelten- Tokyo, died in that city November 8. ham and joined the Y. W. C. A. in For further information, write to His doctor's degree was received at 1912 as Divisional Secretary of the Miss B. Louise Woodford, 930 23d St., Johns Hopkins University. Southern Division of Great Britain. North, St. Petersburg, Fla. She became principal of the Associa- January 26-30-0rlando. Dr. J. J. Ran*som* , p*ioneer Method- tion's Training College in London and January 27-30-Deland. when the College closed Miss Heath Jan u a r y 30-February 1 – P a I m ist missionary to Brazil, died at Nash- went to Jamaica, and put the work of ville, Tenn., October 18. Dr. Ransom the Y. W. C. A. on a lasting founda- Beaches. organized the Methodist Mission in tion so that it has increased in February 2-7-Miami. Brazil, and was an outstanding lin- strength. Her remarkable power with February 7-8-Bradenton. guist and theologian, contributing Colored girls was evident when later February 7-S-Fort Myers. frequently to church periodicals and she went to West Africa to make a February 9-IS-St. Petersburg. translating religious works into Por- survey for the World's Y. W. C. A. February 10-13-Clearwater. tuguese. As a result of her visit a good work February 13-1S-Tampa. was started in Lagos. February 17-19-Lakeland. The Rev. Fr*ede*ric*k Lynch, D.D., February 17-19-Winter Haven. If you use February 19-21-Gainesville. minister, editor and peace advocate, February 23-26-Jacksonville. secretary of the Church Peace Union, PRINTING 1914-26, died in December at his home January 22-2S-Cause and Cure of in New York City, at the age of 67. YOU will profit from an ac- War Conference. Washington, D. C. quaintanceship with us. We Dr. Lynch was born at Peace Dale, do the job complete in our own January 22 – February 16 – Cornell R. 1., and studied at Yale and was or- plant. whether it be large or School for Missionaries, Cornell, dained in the Congregational ministry small. N. Y. in 1899. He edited Christian Work for twenty years, 1906-26, and was While our specialty is Books. February ll-IS-Annual Meeting, In- president (1910-18) of the American Magatines and Pamphlets. vet ternational Council of Religious Scandinavian Foundation. He was a we have a variety of modem Education, Chicago. founder and in 1914-26 secretary of equipment to meet all the re- the World Alliance for International quirements of vour particular February 24-Brotherhood Day. Friendship. job. You will find our service March 8-World Day of Prayer. prompt, careful and courteous. March S-IO-Youth Conference under The Rev. Dr. Augustus F. Beard, the oldest Yale alumnus and the old- Will you allow us to estimate the Auspices of the Greater New est Christian minister in the United on your next printing? We be- York Federation of C h u r c h e s, States, died on December 22d at his lieve you will be delighted with Riverside Church, New York. home in Norwalk, Connecticut. He our product, price and service. was 101 years old on May 11. The EVANGELICAL PRESS He took his first airplane ride at 100. Print.,., of The Mi.s5lonary Retri…. of the WMid He attained wide recognition for his work in the advancement of higher PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE education for Southern Negroes, and third and Reily Str••ts Harrl_l, P.. was for many years secretary of the American Missionary Association.

MISSIONARY issue, and 1 congratulate you. After "We deeply regret that

REVIEW OF THE WORLD I laid it down my wife took it up, and Young, when called upon by the when I came back an hour later she Minister of War, did demon- DELAVAN L. PmRsoN, Editor was still reading it. strate the use of the hand 'bil- lies' on one occasion. This we VOL. LVIII FEB.,1935 No.2 PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ, feel was a serious error on his Trea8urer of the Moravian Church. part. The leading newspapers Publication and Business Oftlce in Ecuador recognize that Mr. Third and Reily Sta., Harrisburg, Pa. *** Young acted from a sincere de- sire to save human life, without Editorial and Executive Office It was a glad surprise to find the thought of gain for himself . . . 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City latest copy of the REVIEW on the S. S. Entered as second-class matter at Empre88 of Canada last summer when "Mr. Young has served as a Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act enroute to Honolulu. Someone ought missionary in Ecuador since of March 3, 1879. to place the REVIEW on other large 1918 and has proved himself to 25 cents a aopY-$2.50 a year. be a devoted servant of Christ, Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. steamers! an earnest and successful win- Published monthly, except August. ner of souls. We believe he acted All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ANNE SEESHOLTZ, Exec. Sec., innocently, although inadvised- British agents, Marshall, Morgan Council of Women for Home Mi8- ly, in this matter." and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, 8ion8, New York, N. Y. DAVID MASON. 10 shlllings a year. *** Personal Items MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- This January MISSIONARY REVIEW LISHING CO., INC. Mr. W. P. Livingstone, of Edin- BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE WORLD, fine as it is all burgh, has retired from editorship of Life and Work, official organ of the RoBERT E. SPEER, President through, appeals to me especially be- Church of Scotland, and the young WM: I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President people's missionary paper, Other WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer cause of its breadth of vision in giv- Lands. Mr. Livingstone is the author DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary of fourteen missionary books, of which SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT ing all Christian matters pertaining the best known are "Mary Slessor of MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Calabar," "Laws of Livingstonia" and WM. B. LIPPHARD to the Church of Christ throughout "The Galilee Doctor." He is well ERIC M. NORTH known not only in Great Britain and MILTON T. STAUFFER the World. ADELE GREENE. America, but.in Africa, Australia and A. L. W ARNSHUIB the West Indies. His Life of Mary SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Wa8hington, D. C. Slessor has been translated into Ara- bic, Dutch, French, Chinese, Welsh, Editorial Chat "Missions or Hand Grenades" Hindi, Norwegian and Hungarian.

January was the month for taking A Correction *** account of stock; for considering the past and its lessons; and to prepare Exception has been taken to a Carlton M: Sherwood, General Secfor an advance. The Foreign Mis- paragraph in our December retary of the International Society of sions Conference met for this purpose number (page 589), under the Christian Endeavor, has been apin Garden City (Jan. 2 to 4) and the above caption. The information pointed Executive Director of the As- Home Missions Conference in Phila- was copied from The Living sociated Boards for Christian Colleges delphia (Jan. 6 to 10). Both meetings Church which, in turn, quoted in China, with headquarters in Bosof missionary executives are briefly from testimony presented at the ton. reported in our "Topics of the Times." munitions inquiry in Washing- Fuller reports can be obtained from ton. Letters from Rev. A. C. Dr. John H.* Fi*nley*, educator and the headquarters of the Foreign Mis- Snead, and from Rev. David Masions Conference, now at 156 Fifth son, Foreign Secretaries of the publicist, has accepted the national Avenue, New York, and of the Home Christian and Missionary Alli- chairmanship of "Brotherhood Day" Missions Council and the Council of ance, under which Mr. Young which will be observed by Protestants, Women for Home Missions, 105 East was sent as a missionary to Catholics and Jews on February 24, 22d Street, New York. The REVIEW Ecuador, throw light on the mat- 1935. is cooperating, heartily but unofficial- ter. These letters and The Ally, with these interdenominational or- liance Weekly contain the fol- Rev. Frank T*. C* ar*twright, Associganizations and with all evangelical lowing comments on the incimission boards and societies, denom- dent: ate Secretary of the Methodist Forinational or independent, that are eign Board, is touring the mission seeking to make Christ known and to "During 1932, there was con- fields to study cooperative problems enlist men and women in His service. siderable political turmoil in in Japan, Korea, China, the Philip- Ecuador, with frequent revolu- pines and Malaysia. The aim of the REVIEW is to pre- tions, during which many lives sent the universal need for Christ and were lost, including the lives of *** His Gospel and to report how God is innocent bystanders, among them working today in all parts of the a fine Ecuadorian Christian. In Miss Sue Weddell, Secretary of world to reveal Himself, to save men order to prevent further blood- You n g Peoples' Work, Reformed from sin and eternal death, and to shed Mr. Young suggested to the Church in America, has been elected establish His sovereign control in all authorities that tear-gas might Chairman of the Board of Managers lands and in all realms of life. be used in place of guns to over- of the Missionary Education Move- come the unruly rebellious mobs. ment. *** As a result, communication was established between the Minis- *** Encouragement comes from letters ter of War and the Federal Labwhich tell of the way God is using the oratories and sample "billies"- Miss Anne Seesholtz, Executive REVIEW to stimulate interest in our tear gas bombs – were sent Secretary of the Council of Women readers and enlist them in His service. through the regular Government for Home Missions, has received a Some of these write as follows: channels to Ecuador. We are as- degree of Doctor of Philosophy from sured that Mr. Young did not Columbia University. Her field is This afternoon I did something that take orders for the bombs. History and Philosophy of Religion. is psychologically all wrong, but I could not help it. I took up the Janu- [49 ] ary REVIEW and read it from cover to cover. I simply could not stop. I think it is an exceptionally interesting

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN ARTIST INTERPRETS CHRIST'S

1. The Parable of the Great Supper. 2 The Broad and Narrow Gates. 3. The Wise ",nd Foolish Virgins. 4. The Good Shepherd Returning. 5. "Ask and It Shall Be Given You." REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVIII FEBRUARY, 1935 NUMBER Two —-~- —–~~—————————————— Topics of the Times HOME MISSIONS TODAY IN AMERICA of the Church to move with the frontier and to establish churches and schools. In our own day geographical fron- Some of the present-day problems and challenge tiers are shifting, as in the Tennessee Valley development.

in the task of making America Christian was pre- By the turn of the twentieth century the frontier had sented in the twenty-seventh Annual Meeting of shifted from the West to the industrial communities of the Home Missions Council and the Council of the East, from Anglo-Saxon to the Slavic, Latin and Women for Home Missions which met in Phila- Semitic races. The Church never really occupied this delphia, January 7th to 10th. The presiding offi- frontier, with serious consequences for the America of to- day. This frontier still lies as a challenge before the cers were Dr. Charles E. Schreffer, Secretary of home mission agencies. But the frontier of the new day is largely social-inthe Reformed Church in the United States Board dustrial, economic. It is psychological and spiritual. Conof Home Missions, and Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, gregationalists are creating a Social Action Department, President of the Council of Women for Home and the Baptists have appointed a Christian Social Action Missions. The topics discussed included young Commission. There can be no doubt that it is the func- people's work, pioneering, migrant workers, In- tion of the Church to cultivate social insight, to create social sympathies, to cultivate social imagination-that dian work, Jews, New Americans, West Indies, the effect of individual conduct or social action may be Alaska, rural work, church buildings, Orientals, envisaged-and to cultivate in individuals and groups not cooperation and strategy and planning for the only a willingness to share but the courage to create situa- future. The home mission study topic for the year tions under which they must share. As the Church dur- ing the eighteenth century prepared men to serve on the (1935-6) is the "Next Steps in Home Missions." geographical frontier and later other men to serve on racial frontiers, should not the Church and its home lPis- The major emphases of the message for the sion agencies now definitely set apart men for service present day were enumerated by Dr. Chas. H.

Sears as follows: along the new social frontiers?

The current demands upon religion are for spiritual Home mission leaders must be quick to shift their stratpower to transcend difficult and almost baffling circum- egy to meet changed conditions, recognizing that "Church stances that confront us. Men look to the Church to cul- extension" demanded on the geographic frontier is not tivate the resources of the Spirit. The human spirit can the "Church extension" required on the social frontiernever be satisfied with its material environment for it fewer new churches, more outreach in ministry. The has needs which no social order can satisfy. The time- home mission programs required today must meet the reless task of the Church is to cultivate the powers of the ligious needs of people and the social needs of individuals Spirit by which great souls rise superior to and become and communities rather than seek only to save one's self.

victorious over circumstance. The work in the home mission fields was ably Men look to the Church to cultivate the active mood reviewed by Dr. Wm. R. King, Executive Secre- through which men are inspired to lay the foundations of social life in accord with Christian principles. The tary of the Council. There are now twenty-six Christian Church must not fail it at such a time as this. denominations cooperating and the Council is also It must ever recognize the essential character of religion affiliated with ten interdenominational bodies, -that religion is life and is dependent upon spiritual nineteen State Home Mission Councils, fifteen forces. Current demands upon home mission agencies include State Councils of Churches, forty-five City Church programs that comprehend the whole task of the Church; Federations, and nine cooperative regional com- programs that are extensive and that carry vital religion missions. Cooperation between evangelical agen- along the shifting frontiers of American life-geographi- cies is a great feature of the two Home Mission cal, racial, social. Within one hundred years after the Councils.

close of the Revolutionary War the geographical frontier T~e p.resent trends to which Dr. King called atof America was pushed forward from the Appalachian Mountains almost to the Pacific Coast. It was the task tentIon Include (1) improvement in financial sup- [ 51 ]

port; (2) consolidation and simplification in "Confessional Synod," cannot be foreseen. Up to board organization and administration; (3) in- the present the contributions to the missionary creased cooperation between denominational agen- societies have been well maintained. The threat- cies; (4) new steps toward comity to eliminate ened collapse is due to the restrictions which the overlapping and waste of energy and money; (5) Government, owing to financial circumstances, has greater emphasis on evangelism and the need for imposed on German exchange. The transmission spiritual awakenings, with plans for Gospel of money out of Germany has been greatly re- preaching missions; (6) there are also unfavora- stricted and though the German missionary soci- ble trends toward denominational emphasis due eties have funds at their disposal they are not to a mistaken idea of the need for self-preserva- allowed to send them out of the country excepting tion; (7) anti-religious and anti-denominational as authorized by the Government.

activity; (8) attacks on home missions as an out- The normal expenditures of the German evan- of-date enterprise – due to prejudice or lack of gelical missionary societies on their work abroad information. has been approximately $1,650,000 a year, of The fourfold challenge to the Christians in which about $500,000 was for general missionary American churches was outlined as follows: (1) purposes such as the payment of indigenous work- To realize and make known the great present-day ers, the maintenance of institutions and general need and to employ more effective methods to running expenses, while the remainder covered meet that need; (2) to unify the study and ap- the allowances to German missionaries. It was proach to the problem and the attempts at the hoped that a certain amount (probably less than solution, without interfering with individual ini- half the normal sum required) would be allowed tiative and operation; (3) to put home missions to be transmitted for this latter purpose, since .

to the fore as an inspiring service for Christ and the Government recognizes an obligation towards mankind and a vital part of each church program; its own nationals overseas. The latest informa- (4) a determination to advance in spite of diffi- tion is, however, that the restrictions on exchange culties, to regain lost ground and to evangelize will not permit the sending of even this limited untouched fields and un-Christian areas of life. contribution. In November, only 8,500 marks were The Church must, under the guidance and power available for the total support of German mission- of God, conquer atheism, materialism, and selfish- ary work throughout the world. The German fields ness. Christ alone is able to solve all problems thus receive no money at all from home, or at the but He evidently does not plan to solve them alone. best an insignificant amount. It needs little im- As Head of the Church He calls for the devoted agination to realize the difficulties and distress cooperation of His followers. created by the sudden cutting off of customary The conference this year passed special resolu- supplies from the home base for the churches in tions urging the adoption of the Costigan-Wagner the field. The German societies have appealed to anti-lynching bill; the observance of "Sanctuary the missionary societies in other countries to come Sunday"; approval of the Religion and Welfare to their aid in the attempt to mitigate the dire ef- Recovery Movement, and of the Young People's Spiritual Emphasis Movement. fects of the calamity. The Conference of Missionary Societies in Great The president of the Home Missions Council for the coming year is Dr. E. M. Halliday, of the Britain invited representatives of the German Congregational Church. Mrs. Daniel A. Poling missionary societies to come to London to c~mfer continues to be the efficient president of the Coun- with a subcommittee of its Standing Committee cil of Women for Home Missions. The next an- and with the officers of the International Missionnual Home Missions Conference is to be held in ary Council. The conference took place at Edin- Washington, D. C., early in January, 1936, and burgh House on November 12 and 13, 1934, and will center its attention chiefly on Town and Coun- each of about twenty-five German mission fields try work, and the Rural Fields, which is to be was examined in detail. The result showed that home mission study topic for the year 1937-8. at least $250,000 a year, or half of the amount hitherto transmitted for general missionary pur- A CRISIS IN GERMAN MISSIONS poses, would be required to meet pressing needs. It was assumed that the German societies would The work of German evangelical missions be allowed t; remit in addition at least some part throughout the world is threatened with catas- of the money required for missionary salaries- trophe. The primary cause is not the conflict an assumption which is likely to prove mistaken.

within the German Church, though how that con- Real and urgent as the need is, it is clear that flict may affect the work of the missionary socie- in the present financial straits in which the mis- ties, all of which have identified themselves with sionary societies in all countries find themselves the movement represented by the conservative there is little hope of obtaining from their con-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stituencies additional contributions to anything tress during a limited period, probably not longer like the amount required. On the other hand, the than the end of next June. The figures given in Church throughout the world cannot stand aside an earlier paragraph are an indication of the exand see the fruits of one hundred years of mission tent of the need. Similar appeals are being made work fall into ruins. in Great Britain and the Scandinavian countries.

A continuance of German missionary work on Some missionary societies outside Germany its former basis is impossible unless the restric- have special links or associations with a particutions on foreign exchange are relaxed. The Ger- lar German mission and consequently may regard man societies, like the missionary societies in it as a special obligation to give help in that quarother countries, though in a still more drastic and ter. There is no reason why special efforts of this abrupt way, may be obliged to reconstruct their nature, while retaining their distinctive character, whole work to meet the altered conditions. But should not be coordinated with a more general efthis task, though it must be taken in hand at once, fort in which the missionary societies in other cannot be carried through in a day. It will have, countries seek collectively to bring aid to the soremoreover, to be undertaken in international con- ly pressed churches established by the German sultation and cooperation. If the German mission- missions. In order to avoid duplication of efforts, ary societies are prevented from supplying either and to provide for cooperation, it is urgently remen or money for their fields, a large and impor- quested that the offices of the International Mistant work, hitherto conducted by a German mis- sionary Council, now at 156 Fifth Avenue, New sion, is threatened with complete collapse, a situa- York, be used as a clearing house of information tion may be created in which some other society and that notice of all funds sent from any source outside Germany working in an adjoining field in North America to any German mission, and may feel under an obligation to come to its aid. the place to which they are sent, should be at once communicated to the same office* In order that these possibilities may be explored, a breathing space is essential. In the A. L. WARNSHUIS. meantime there are needs of extreme urgency to be met. Unless some help is immediately forth- FORWARD IN FOREIGN MISSIONS coming the catastrophe may be complete. Like Napoleon's drummer boy, the foreign mis- The facts were fully reported to the Committee sion leaders of North America "know not how to of Reference and Counsel of the Foreign Missions beat a retreat"-but for a different reason. The Conference of North America and upon the rec- Foreign Missions Conference of North America, ommendation of that Committee, the Conference including some 200 missionaries, executives and on January 3d adopted the following resolutions: other leaders of the United States and Canada, met (January 2 to 4) at Garden City, Long Island, That this Annual Conference commend to the churches in their forty-second annual conference. They and boards an appeal for contributions to an Emergency faced frankly old and new difficulties that con- Fund for immediate relief to German missions and with a front the enterprise at home and abroad-financial view to providing for a period of a few months in which straits; indifference in the churches; opposition plans may be developed for the necessary support of the and regulation by governments in Mexico and foreign missions of the churches in Germany. other lands; Roman Catholic antagonism to evan- gelical work in the Congo; divided forces and at That the Conference entrust this appeal and the Emer- times rival programs among Protestants; weak gency Fund to a special committee with the officers of the national churches; nationalism; materialism, ra- International Missionary Council. tionalism and godless communism. These and other difficulties do not dismay or discourage mis- That we authorize the special committee to seek a con- sionary leaders who are conscious that the forces ference with the German Ambassador to the United States that are for us are greater, far greater, than those to discuss with him the conditions in Germany which have against us. The Christian Church has always led to this regulation, and to learn how we may be of help, faced insuperable difficulties-insuperable to men and to inquire how some plan may be worked out which but not to God. would lessen the burden of our German fellow missionaries. A dark picture of economic and political condi- That this Annual Conference instruct the special com- tions in Europe was painted by Stanley Highmittee to express to the German Missionary Conference Congregational pastor, editor and radio speaker. the sincere sympathy of this Annual Conference and an It was a picture without much light or hope for assurance of its united prayers and such assistance as may be practicable with the hope that effective relief may • Contributions to the German Mission Emergency Fund may be soon be found from the difficult situation in which the Ger- sent to the office of the F'oreign Missions Conference, 156 Fifth man missions are now placed. Avenue, New York, and, in accordance with advice received from the German societies, these will be sent immediately where the need Is These resolutions have been put into effect im- greatest. mediately and an appeal has been sent to all the Foreign Mission Boards in North America to contribute to the proposed Emergency Fund. No definite amount has been fixed for this fund, but the aim is only to provide relief for urgent dis-

he failed to take God and His forces into account. to Christ by word of mouth and by Christlike life The facts, the shadows cast by human selfishness and service. Their appeal was very sympatheti- and sin, cast a gloom over the earth, but we must cally received and was referred to a committee not forget that God can change the whole situa- for further conference and recommendations.

tion over night. Here is manifested a revival of the missionary Dr. Herbert H. Farmer, a professor in Hartford spirit among college-trained youth that led to the Theological Seminary, clearly and cogently pre- formation of the Student Volunteer Movement a sented the brighter side of the picture, calling half century ago.

attention not only to the great need of man but to Other speakers at the conference included Dr. the saving power of God at work in the world. Francis Wei, of China; Dr. J. Oscar Thompson, Dr. Farmer pointed out that the Christian mes- of Canton; Dr. Victor G. Mills, of Montclair, and sage is uniquely adopted to the present age and Dr. Nicol Macnicol, formerly secretary of the that no man has the right to change this divine National Christian Council of India. Dr. Robert message to suit his own view of what will meet P. Wilder, who has given nearly half a century to human need. God speaks to the world through the missionary cause-in India, America, Europe, Christ and He speaks to His Church through the and the Near East-was introduced to the conferworld events that reveal human need.* ence.

One afternoon was spent in considering the Dr. John R. Mott was elected Chairman for the "Next Steps in Missions," but while helpful coming year, and it is proposed to hold the next thoughts were presented there seemed to be no annual meeting from January 8 to 10, 1936, in a clearly-defined program for advance. Dr. Fred place not yet designated. The annual budget F. Goodsell of Boston reported that the American required is $51,000. One of the features of this Board plans to emphasize evangelism-or "The year's meeting was the presence of a larger numexperience of Christ in modern life"; social action ber of younger people than usual, under thirty -or the application of Christianity to present-day years of age, a feature that it is proposed to conproblems; more cooperation in mission work; and tinue. One lack in this year's program was any a financial advance that will endeavor to enlist a effective presentation of concrete, up-to-date facts larger number of givers rather than to secure from the mission fields; the weakness of some larger gifts. Miss Sallie Lou MacKinnon of the discussions of present-day problems 'was the lack Methodist Church, South, convincingly recom- of any adequate suggestions as to their solution. mended that missionaries be given more liberty The Foreign Missions Conference has, in past to work outside of established institutional pro- years, been the means of achieving many valuable grams-as Dr. Stanley Jones is doing in India and results in cooperation at home and abroad, in China and Dr. George Howard in South America. promoting missionary preparation, and in develop- The success of these plans depends on the guidance ing leadership and strength in the churches on the and power of the Spirit of God working in and field. through the missionaries. Dr. Alexander Paul, of the United Christian Missionary Society, rec- CONDITIONS IN SOUTH INDIA ommended that more power and authority be given Gandhi's political influence in India seems to be to National Christian leaders; Dr. S. G. Ziegler, diminishing. Many Indians are criticising the of the United Brethren Mission Board, strongly methods that he has employed. Some are trying advocated seeking to recapture for the Church the to gain results by working for majorities in the vision of the lost condition of the 800,000,000 or conventions. It is evident that the "Self-respect more still unevangelized, whose supreme need is Movement" in the middle classes, has gained for Christ and His salvation. God offers to do for markedly in extent and influence. It is mixed man that man cannot do for himself. Dr. John with Bolshevistic aims and works openly against R. Mott, who has recently returned from South religion. Such circles are openly hostile to Indian and Central Africa and is about to revisit the Far nationalism as it finds expression in Gandhi. East, gave one full evening to the subject of the Wherever he appears they wave the black flags need for further union and cooperation among which are their symbol, in protest against him.

the followers and forces of Christ. Gandhi is also compelled to face the opposition of One of the stirring features of the conference the orthodox- Hindu circles. Many Brahmins are was the personal appeal to the mission boards by enraged because he is fighting for the admission a group of Hartford Seminary students-of varied talents and church affiliations-who are asking to of the "untouchables" to the temples. be sent as a unit to some mission field for pioneer work, without guaranteed salaries, to bear witness All this points to the fact that the Indians can not be helped by mere political agitation. They need the Gospel of Christ, which alone can create • We expect to publish this address in our March number. a new beginning.-Leipzig Mission Report.

CHINESE PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS-LIVING GRADUATES OF CANTON MISSION

A Century of Medical Work in China* By J. OSCAR THOMSON, M.D., Canton Hospital, Canton, China T HE Centennial of the founding of the Canton The Canton Hospital, although it has had to Hospital in 1835 has a peculiar interest for close its doors on three occasions, has survived me. My father was in charge of the hospital many stirring events: Wars and sieges of Canton at the fiftieth anniversary in 1885, the year of my in 1840, 1856, and 1884; the T'ai P'ing rebellion; birth, and wrote a history of the hospital and of the Boxer outbreak of 1900; the Revolution of the Medical Missionary Society in China. At the 1911; the frequent contests of the warlords since. anniversary he read a letter from Dr. Peter and the political typhoon of 1926-28. Our insti- Parker, the founder of the institution and the tution has helped to produce, directly or indirectly, originator of modern medical missions, who many of the constructive movements in the modwrote: ernization of China. It has been an important factor in opening the doors of China. The fourth of November, 1835, was the date of my opening the Ophthalmic Hospital in Canton. To the adorable When we consider the conditions that existed in Saviour Jesus Christ be given the praise and gratitude of China, that walled in nation, in the early nineall the millions who, by the instrumentality of medical teenth century, we have the greatest admiration missionaries in the past, present and future, shall have for the courage and wisdom of the pioneers. Wells become acquainted with His unspeakable and divine char- Williams wrote: acter.

The chairman of the fiftieth anniversary meet- Owing to the increased hostility of the Chinese authoriing, the British Consul General Sir Challoner Ala- ties, the mission at Canton was now more than ever baster, remarked that because of the greatness of cramped and confined in its operations and perplexed bethe object and the importance of the work, others yond measure. The arrival of Dr. Peter Parker from New would be commemorating the one hundredth an- York in 1834 had added to the force an enthusiastic misniversary fifty years hence. sionary of exceptional vigor and ability who by his med- ical training was able to introduce a new factor that has • Substance of an address given at the Medical Missionary Dinner, performed a service of the highest importance between New York, December 14, 1934. Chinese and foreigners by removing their mutual mis- understandings. This was the establishment at Canton [ 55 ]

of a dispensary and hospital for the free treatment of organization which has a Council on Medical Mis- Chinese. sions of which the Chinese president of the Asso- Not only did Parker render a great service in ciation is a member, and which has a Section on "opening up China by his lancet" to missionary Medical Missions at the biennial conferences. work, but he also created in America and Europe What a fine culmination to the work of Parker, much interest in medical missions while the hos- Kerr and other noble men and women who had a pital was closed in 1840 owing to the war. superb vision and a Divine Leader.

The organization of the Medical Missionary So- The hospital compound at Kuk Fau in the centre ciety in China in 1838 is an indication of the eager of Canton, facing the Pearl River, and on the acceptance by the Chinese of the benefits of mod- most important street of the city of Rams, is a ern medicine, surgery in particular, and the in- great medical and missionary centre. It is a terest in medical missions on the part of all classes splendid viewing stand for momentous events.

of foreigners in China, merchants and officials, The daily exodus on the passage boats to all parts as well as missionaries. It was a splendid example of the delta takes place at the hospital gate. De- of a cooperative effort on a wide scale, that is feated and conquering armies pass the front door.

needed again today. It was international, Amer- The "Dare to Dies," wearing union suits of under- ican, British, and Chinese cooperating. It was wear as a uniform, carrying baskets of bombs, interdenominational, Congregationalists, Presby- passed by. Processions of all kinds, political, terians, Wesleyans, Episcopalians, Baptists, Quak- anti-foreign, anti-gambling, anti-opium, colorful ers and other denominations working harmoni- weddings and funerals are seen. Frequent clashes ously together. It was the first organization defi- of armies near or around the compound, with nitely to combine the alleviation of human suffer- rushes of noncombatants up the hospital lane to ing and the extension of Christianity. Its pros- escape the flying bullets. One campaign across pectus envisioned the spreading of scientific medi- the river lasted for a week, the hospital being in cine and Christianity throughout China-medical the centre of the fighting zone, and gunboats par- education, specialization in hospital work and ticipating, at a time when it was impossible to medical research, to benefit mutually the Orient evacuate the patients. Sun Yat-sen's gunboats and Occident. passed repeatedly up and down the river firing on Following the retirement of Dr. Peter Parker the soldiers on the Bund. Wounded from both and the burning of the hospital building which sides were in the hospital simultaneously. We Howqua, the Chinese senior Hong merchant had witnessed the massacre of the defeated· on one provided, Dr. John G. Kerr, a graduate of Jeffer- occasion; the assasination of high officials; fires son Medical College, reestablished the Pok Tsai -eight hundred houses burned on the north bank Hospital ("Hospital of Universal Benevolence") of the river, coming close to the hospital, when at the present site. For forty-four years he did a change of wind blew the sparks across the river great and enduring work. He built up a large and destroyed two hundred dwellings there. An- hospital. He wrote and translated many medical other fire extended for half a mile along the Bund, textbooks, the wood blocks of which were still at in front of the hospital, with a south wind blow- the hospital when I arrived twenty-five years ago. ing the sparks over the premises, and setting fire More than a hundred Chinese physicians were to wharves and passage boats which were left trained during his term of service. They became stranded by the ebb tide. The exploding ammuni- pillars of the church and highly respected leaders tion of the anti-pirate guards prevented the ap- of the medical profession. proach of the firefighters. Then there was the My father was intimate with Dr. Kerr and had great flood of 1915, aggravated by the floating great affection for him. One of the most impor- burning oil. Wrecks and drownings in the river tant events of that period was the organization of' are numerous.

the China Medical Missionary Association in 1887, The Revolution of 1911 introduced a new era of which Dr. Kerr was the first president. This for China, with modern medicine firmly estab- has been an important factor in the building up lished. Changes of government, attended by civil of modern medicine in China. The final and most and feudal wars have followed. Our institution convincing proof of the worth and status of med- has served as a base hospital, receiving the cream ical missions in China was the amalgamation in of the wounded (from a professional viewpoint) 1932 of the China Medical Association and the those with retained bullets or shell fragments or National Medical Association to form the Chinese with wounds of the head, chest or abdomen. The Medical Association, a wonderful example of maintenance of discipline has been an important union between a missionary and a national or- task requiring, for instance, the prevention of a ganization, "a fine instance of friendly interna- revolver fight amongst the bodyguard of a dying tionalism in -science." This is a national medical colonel over the regimental treasure chest. More

A CENTURY OF MEDICAL WORK IN CHiNA

than one hundred serious cases :kave been brought of Dr. Sun's dissatisfaction with conditions exist- to the hospital at one time, requiring the use of ing in China and his new ideas and thoughts were six operating tables. After the institution was developed while in the Canton Hospital and from full to the doors, wounded soldiers with retained there spread throughout China. On the occasion missiles have been brought from military hos- of the 80th anniversary in 1915, the President of pitals to have the foreign bodies removed and China, Lei Yuan Hung, sent a congratulatory tele- were then carried back. Seven pounds weight of gram and a gift of five thousand dollars. At the bullets were removed from wounded soldiers and eighty-fifth anniversary (1920), President Hsu civilians in one year,. Amongst the gunshot Shi Chang wrote a commendatory letter and do- wounds were many unusual cases such as the nated one thousand dollars. To commemorate the Yunnanese officer who was shot through the brain ninetieth anniversary, in appreciation of its serv- one year, and through the heart the next – and ices and to allow for its extension, the Govern- survived. One man, with twenty-six shrapnel ment of China, through the Mayor of Canton, Mr.

bullets distributed throughout his anatomy, Sun Fo, son of Dr. Sun, made a grant to the hos- wanted the removal of those not located in dan- pital of a splendid tract of land chosen by us.

gerous situations! When raising the twelve thousand graves which Gunshot wounds, tumors and vesical calculi are were on the land, some said to be four thousand common conditions. In Guy's Hospital, London, years old, we were reminded of Ezekiel's vision of and at Yale are paintings of many of Parker's the valley of dry bones, accompanied as it was by massive tumor cases; tumors with pedicles, caus- the rejuvenation then taking place in China.

ing neither pain nor disability are stock in trade Had Dr. Sun Yat-sen lived, it is probable that for beggars who are fortunate enough to possess China would have been spared the political ty- them. One man was reluctant to lose his fourteen- phoon in 1926 and 1927, with its communistic, pound parotid tumor of the neck because it served labor, anti-foreign, hypernationalistic and anti- as a comfortable pillow! Ten different "Chung Christian agitation. The events of those years Yees" in turn had guaranteed to cure a man with were varied and interesting. After a blockade of cervical lymphosarcoma. We had to treat him as the hospital for three days by the order of the a charity case and pay his way home after we had communistic labor leaders, because we declined to alleviated his pain by ligating his common carotid surrender the right to control the hospital em- artery. An infant, two days old, fell into a nat- ployees, we closed down the institution and dis- ural sleep while a teratoma, larger than its head, persed the staff and patients. At a conference was removed under local anesthesia, and went with the noncommunistic officials, who did all they home cured. More than four thousand operations could to help us, the editor of the Government's for the removal of vesical calculi have been per- English newspaper said, "Don't give in. You are formed in the Canton Hospital, some of the pa- in the right." Later he printed in full our version tients coming from long distances. A Chinese of the affair written at his request. ·When the living in Baltimore entered the Johns Hopkins storm had blown over we were thanked by Chinese Hospital with a large hernia. When told that he leaders for having resisted the impossible de- required an operation he returned to China to mands of the labor agitators and thus exposing have it done at Poktsai. their ignorance and intolerance. In the records Chinese Appreciation of the chief Russian communist, found after their expUlsion, was the statement, "The Canton Hos- At the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hospi- pital affair was badly managed."

tal's foundation, Dr. Sun Yat-sen, then President It was obvious that a movement which could of China, was present, lauded the work of the in- temporarily wreck such an institution as the Can- stitution where he had commenced the study of ton Hospital, the first benevolent institution in medicine while my father was in charge, and gave China, was artificially inspired, abnormal, un- a donation. Some years later on another visit to healthy and would not be permanent. The three the hospital to see the wounded, we took him to periods, before, during and after the chaotic years the operating room where we were about to com- of 1926 and 1927 were epochal, as different as mence work on the wounded. As we exposed the those prior to, during and following the French seat of injury of the first patient, Dr. Sun as- revolution. An official told me that were it not sumed from its location that the soldier had been for the mission schools and hospitals, little educa- wounded in the back whilst in rapid retreat from tional or medical work would have been done in the battlefield. He grunted, "Shot in the back," China during the past two decades. He also dep- and declined to examine any oether patients. Lay- recated the too rapid devolution of such institu- ing the cornerstone of our new building some tions as tending to lower standards.

months ago the Mayor of Canton said that much At the present time China is definitely discard-

ing its ancient ideas, traditions and customs, as The next meeting of the Chinese Medical Asso- indicated by the "New Life" and similar move- ciation, which is to be held in Canton in the first ments, and is seeking to find a self-respecting week of November, 1935, to commemorate the place in this modern age. The Government was centenary of the introduction of modern medicine anxious to have the Canton Hospital reopened, into China, will take place in the new Canton Hos- but it seemed wise to await the return of more pital building. It is essential that the Mission stable conditions and to avail ourselves of the op- Boards with medical work in China be well repre- portunity to reorganize and plan for another cen- sented in order that wise and coordinate plans tury of work if necessary. The deserted hospital may be prepared for ano~her century of work, if compound resembled a tropical jungle or a buried necessary.

city. It was possible to carry out plans that had We do not talk of "devolution" in Canton, but been maturing for some years. The Canton Hos- of cooperation, with gradually increasing Chinese pital was transferred to Lingnan University, control. The Occident and the Orient, the older which has a strong Chinese Christian Board of and the newer churches, are sharing in a common Directors with foreign representation. President task of establishing the Kingdom of Heaven on Chung told me recently that his chief concern is earth. The Canton Hospital still supplies many that the university shall maintain a strong Chris- converts to the church, many cured and happy patian influence, which he considers to be the chief, tients open doors to the Gospel and form centres if not the only reason for its continued existence. for evangelization. A few days before I left on He also remarked that buildings can be secured furlough a missionary lady visited the hospital and from Chinese sources, but that the needed for- said, "We have an enthusiastic new convert in our eign personnel and its maintenance must be sought church. She says you took away her thyroid from abroad. Some of the Chinese faculty mem- gland without her knowing it or having any pain; bers are the salt of the earth. The brother of a and while in the hospital she heard the Gospel." laundryman in America is one of the best. He is a Ph.D. of an American University and sang What are some of the results of the work? with the Glee Club. Most important of all are changed lives. The Liu family serves as an example. The father, Dr. Liu The next step was to arrange for the affiliation Tak Shaang, was a graduate of our medical school of the Hackett Medical School for Women (Amer- and served on the staff. Later he became college ican Presbyterian Board) to Lingrian University physician at the Canton Christian College (now and Canton Hospital, and to make it coeduca- known as Lingnan University). With the help tional. At the home of the Mayor of Canton, a of the college faculty, Mrs. Liu, after the death of Chinese lady, head of a large government scl,lOol her husband, continued the education of her famand of a hospital, told a "Medical Fact Finder" of ily, all of whom are college graduates. President the Laymen's Commission that the graduates of Hackett are abler, more dependable and have a Chung highly recommends her as a teacher of much finer spirit of service than those of govern- home economics! One daughter is a director of ment medical schools. The Pok Tsai and Yau Lingnan University and in charge of an impor- Tsai medical centres give postgraduate training tant school. She was overheard saying to Mr.

to interns and thus provide the outlying mission Sun Fo, also a Lingnan director, after a meeting hospitals with physicians. of the Board: "My students never had the objec- A new building is now being erected at the Can- tion to the study of the Bible that they have to the ton Hospital, most of the funds for which have compulsory study of your father's (Dr. Sun Yat- come from Chinese sources. In planning the new sen's) textbook, the San Man Chue Yee." A son, building there were many factors to be taken into a graduate of Cornell, is an expert in sericulture consideration: It must be a modern scientific and rural reconstruction and is doing splendid teaching hospital under Christian auspices, in the work for the government and for Lingnan Uni- tropics, with long, hot and humid summers and versity. Another daughter is the energetic and short, humid, cold winters; with the possibility efficient head of the Mission Union Normal School of foreign aggression, international wars, civil and in Canton; a sister is in charge of a large school feudal strife; blockades, strikes, and boycotts; in Macao which, though a Protestant institution, typhoons, fires, floods, and white ants, noise, dirt has the cordial support of the Portuguese Govern- and smoke. It must be an institution that would ment. A y6unger sister is our very attractive have the approval of the twenty or more organiza- young social service director. An interesting case tions-religious, mission and professional-that that she reconstructed was a young beggar woman have an oversight over the work of our staff mem- with a large abdominal tumor that had been grow- bers, also of the Chinese Government and its de- ing for nine years, the supporting factor for her partment of health, and finally of the many com- husband and son. When in desperate condition missions that tour the Orient! she lay down at the hospital gate to die, penniless.

IDOLS FALLING IN CHINA

We admitted her, improved her general condition Association medical missions have become an inand removed the tumor. Well-to-do patients in tegral and permanent part of the medical system the hospital became interested in her and contrib- of China. Where the pioneers had first to attack, uted to her future support. The husband, hearing then later to lead, now as partners, representaof this, tried to get the money, and being refused, tives of the older and younger churches share in was so unpleasant to her that she attempted to the task of reconstruction and harvesting. commit suicide. We frightened the man away, and the woman recovered. Miss Liu taught her fancy Observing several wooden idols floating down sewing and found her a place, ·first in the home the river we asked a passerby the reason. He reof the Moderator of the Church of Christ in China, plied, "We have no use for idols in this enlightin order to test her honesty. A new use for a ened age." Is Christianity or materialism to premoderator! Then she got work for her elsewhere. vail in China? The Moderator of the Church of The former beggar is now a strong, handsome, Christ in China, Rev. Y. S. T'aam, has written, independent, self-respecting woman, supporting "This comes at just the time when there are unherself and her son, and interested in hearing of surpassed opportunities open to the Christian the Great Physician. Church. The Gospel preaching is eagerly listened to." Dr. Stanley Jones, when in Canton, said: There are many other such families. On our "This situation constitutes the greatest evanhospital staff are a number of second and third gelistic opportunity in the world." generation Christians, and individuals whose ancestors served in it. Thoroughly qualified Chinese What is our object? We are earnestly looking graduates of foreign universities are now serving forward to the time when such institution~ as the on the staffs of our mission hospitals, as heads of Hospital of Universal Benevolence will no longer departments and taking their turn leading morn- be needed; to the time when "God shall wipe away ing chapel. A Christian medical profession is be- all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no ing perpetuated and through the Chinese Medical more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain."

Idols Falling in China -Ell By REV. JAMES P. LEYNSE, Peiping, China I Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. s. A.

I N THOUSANDS of homes in China the idols bership. I have had the privilege of baptizing are falling down. Change has come like a this year men and women, old and young, stu- shock. Ideas and standards have been shuffled dents and illiterate, all changed into new beings in striking fashion. The old religions are totter- by the grace of Jesus Christ and all having dising ruins. The temples are vacated. The control carded idol worship. Members of families were of the older generation has slipped away. The baptized together. Fathers with their grown-up youth is in the lead and seeking new ways. As a sons, mothers with their daughters, side by side result evangelism is experiencing a golden age of with single individuals, first ones of families to opportunities. Everywhere around us a clarion cross the barrier. For instance, Mr. Chang and call for service is sounded. What will take the his grown-up son, who testified that before their place of the idols? Communism or Christianity? conversion they were "like blind men ascending a mountain to view the landscape." And Mrs. Chia No Depres.sion in the Peiping Churches and her daughter, who confessed that "the eyes of their hearts were dead" to spiritual issues until There is a forward movement in the Peiping they met Jesus. Also the mechanic Li and his churches. Weare seeking to win more Christians wife and three children, a splendid volunteer and more faithful ones and the congregations join worker, who works hard so that his children may hands with us in striving to reach our section of be educated and his wife attend a Bible school for this great city. Our churches are putting the em- volunteer leaders. phasis unquestionably upon the spiritual, and therefore there is activity instead of depression. In China it is always exceedingly difficult for The church attendance is growing steadily and members of families to make an individual decismany new converts have been added to the mem- ion to break away from idol worship. But various

candidates for baptism have done so, like Mrs. to cheat the gods," but who now worships in spirit Ho, who as she stated had been "for 45 years a and truth Jesus Christ; or like Mrs. Li and Mrs.

vegetarian to please the Buddha with the Long Kao, who have rented two rooms at the most pop- Eyebrows" and who for years every morning and ular market place for a little Gospel Hall; or Mr.

evening "knelt once, bowed thrice and offered in- Kung, a former opium slave, now a prince in the cense and candles for 30 Buddhistic scriptures to Lord; and Mr. Fu, a business man and pillar of find the way of life." Now she has become a liv- one of our churches; and many others like them.

ing member of the Church of Christ, and an ar- There are also among them those with too much dent Bible reader. It is hard to realize how much unbridled enthusiasm like Sung the fifth who, it cost in sacrifice of self to become a single lamp after his conversion, went home to testify. He in a dark place like Mrs. Hu Li and many others. preached on the streets in his home town, made After her heart was reached she buried her idols, a deep impression, but took the idol of the Buddha but when truly converted she dug them up and with the 1,000 arms and eyes out of the temple burned them. She was the new believer who had and chased the priests away. He was caught by the story of her conversion printed and sent to all the police, beaten till unconscious and put in her relatives and friends with the signature: prison. As a member of a gospel team he is still "Formerly Hu Li, now Mrs. Born-Again." needing our constant guidance. It was also neces- Lighted Pagodas sary to guide wisely the trio consisting of a dyer of blue cloth, a coal shop owner, and a hatter.

All our three city churches are self-supporting, They memorized whole parts of the Bible and went self-governing, and largely self-propagating. The out preaching all over North China carrying neither purse nor scrip and refusing all support. forming of a number of volunteer evangelistic They had many conversions but they gave up their bands has been one of our most fruitful achieve- business, let their wives and children suffer, and ments. Spiritually, our volunteer leaders have came back to our church stranded and lacking in had much capital to invest and their profits are maintenance. therefore large. Bands are preaching in court yards, homes, factories and shops. They are The Hall of Happiness illuminating the neighborhood like lighted pago- Electrically lighted gospel posters on the doors das. As a member testified, they are greatly en- and walls make our two city gospel halls attraccouraged to see that "the Lord responds to man tive places where large crowds gather. There we as quickly as shadow to form or echo to voice." face five evenings a week the five types of Chinese Bible classes, various training classes of two society: weeks' duration, revival meetings, prayer meetings, cottage meetings, systematic home visitation, The scholars, feeling superior to the lower weeks of gate-to-gate preaching, report evenings, order of beings; classes of mass education, and other activities keep the lamps burning and make our large num- The farmers, in town to sell their products, ber of gospel teams a valuable asset in our aim to amazed by a civilization producing loudspeakwin the Chinese by the Chinese. Mr. Sun, of our ers and radios; church, this year bought a small printing press and prints all the tracts used by these volunteer The mechanics, who build and proclaim that bands at cost price. A shopkeeper keeps a bundle next to food, shelter is the only necessity of of tracts in his counter for free distribution. A life; seller of millet puts a tract in each package. Church-member Chao bought tracts and evan-~ The tradesmen weary of a day full of bartering in trying to squeeze the last penny; and The soldiers whose business in China often seems to be to consume what others produce.

gelistic literature worth two months of his salary But also, modestly sitting in a corner, there are and a nurse of our hospital gave 10 % of her in- the women, with dignified old faces or keen young come to the tract fund. ones, countenances with souls behind them, calm, The Chinese we come in contact with outside serene and composed, purged of egotism by living our churches are no longer worshiping idols at the in crowded quarters, the real leaders behind the temples. They are in the grip of a spiritual family thrones. Large colored posters, Biblical hunger. After the storm of change there are lantern slides in Chinese setting, music, singing, pears to gather. Shall Bolshevism reap them? and popular illustrated talks penetrate their The claim to the harvest of China is open to any walled-in hearts new to spiritual issues.

claimant. Our volunteer leaders are taking their Outside the meetings we reach the hitherto un- place. They are of all kinds: like Miss Wang, reached through Bible classes for men and- women, the teacher, who confessed that she used to "spend English night school for business boys and girls, many good coppers to buy sham silver with which day school for poor children, mass educational

classes, clubs for women and girls, and special the electrician, who persuaded his whole family, meetings for children, women, and parents. The including an old mother of 75 years, to throw gospel halls are also the entrance halls to our away their idols.. On Sunday he leads his family churches, a field for clinical experience and self- to the church and almost every evening he stands expression for our volunteer lay-leaders. There at the door of one of the gospel halls welcoming they receive their practical training in soul-win- the people with tracts bought with his own money. ning work. Always a group of them is present to testify, act as ushers, doorkeepers, and distrib- This year these services changed also the opium utor.s of enquirers' cards. After the preaching den of Mr. and Mrs. Chao into a little gospel hall. there is the gathering of enquirers in a side room. For years they had been opium smokers. They Personal things are there semi-publicly discussed, were fairly well-to-do but poor in spirit. It took privacy is rarely sought after and so one, once months of daily care before they found salvation. showing genuine concern about his soul life, has But once reached by Christ they were able to from the very beginning the support of a group break the opium habit without any medical assistof our leaders. ance. Their opium den became a neighborhood house where they preach and live the Gospel to- The work in the gospel halls reveals plainly that gether with Mrs. Chang "the woman with the the Chinese of today are, practically speaking, black soul." She came in contact with Christ at without a religion, without their many gods. They our weekly meetings at the Peiping prison. For are open to leadership, asking for anything that years she had sold opium to the coolie classes and promises to uplift, welcoming any idealism. "I injected morphine Into ricksha boys. Taken to am seeking for something worth while to live for" prison she found there salvation at one of our is a crying need often heard at these after-meet- meetings and has become an ardent and capable ings. These are the days to spread the Gospel in personal worker in one of our street halls. China. The results of this year's work in the gospel halls has been distinctly seen in the grow- The idols are falling and something will have to ing attendance at our churches. Mr. Hsia, a take their place. Russia has already hundreds of young student, who after his conversion kept on Chinese students working as volunteer agents in repeating: "I do not know how to describe my all parts of the country. Humanism of a nonexperience. Everything in and around me is so theistic tendency is already a potent force in the changed, even the leaves of the trees seem changed hearts of many a Chinese youth. If Christ Jesus to a new shade of green." He is an ardent mem- is to be the Saviour of the individual and the reber of a gospel team, disowned by his father, poor generator of present living conditions the Church in earthly goods for Christ's sake, but rich in of Christ in all lands must face the challenge and spirit, winning many young people. And Mr. Kao, spread the Glad Tidings to those who have not yet heard.

OLD CHINESE RELIGIONS LOSING GROUND By DR. FRANCIS CHO-MIN WEI, President of Chunghua College, a Protestant Episcopal Institution, Wuchang, Central China Dr. Wei, who is now in America, recently addressed the students at Yale University, New Haven, on "The Changing China and Christianity." He said: China has to choose what kind of nation she is to be. She is at the cross-roads. Her choosing within our generation will determine her destiny for the next century. And the world cannot be indifferent to her decision. China's most difficult problem is not political. In spite of the startling headlines occasionally 'found in newspapers in America, China is approaching national unification under able leadership. Her problem is not even economic. With peace and order restored, economic development is only a question of time. The West has ready lessons to teach us in this respect, and we are learning.

The problem of the gravest concern to one who looks seriously into the future of China is whether the spiritual forces in the country are sufficiently strong to direct and mold her political and economic development during the next thirty years. The popular religion which used to sway the masses is losing its grip. Taoism and Buddhism have no message for modern China. Confucianism is too closely tied up with the political and social institutions of the past to maintain its hold upon the people under a new economic order. But there is much in its outlook on life, in its ethical ideology, that may still be revitalized. Its conception of the individual as a social being in a network of relationships, each offering a chance for development, its emphasis on the duties of man rather than his rights, what he owes to others in his station of life rather than what he can claim for himself, its tremendous faith in the capacity of man for development and for living together, and its conviction that the universe is a moral order wherein man finds a place for moral lifeall these can be revitalized. But this can only be if Christianity brings to China and her masses the gospel that God is the Father of all men, that He desires them to live together as brothers, and that Jesus of Nazareth shows the way in which that kind of life can be lived.

Years' Growth in

By CLIFFORD M. DRURY, Ph.D., Moscow, Idaho A RECENT issue of the Bulletin of the Na- tians to take up the work dropped by their for- tional Christian Council of China (May eign comrades. More was accomplished under 25, 1934) carries the following statistics the urgent necessities of the time toward turning which reveal a very healthy growth of the Prot- over responsibility to the Chinese Christians tnan estant Christian Church in China during the nine would ordinarily have been accomplished in a years covered by the statistics: ,. decade or more. The persecutions endured by the 1923 1932 native C h r i s t.i an s purified the church and Foreign Missionaries (138 societies) .. 7,663 6,150 strengthened them in the faith. The foreigners Resident stations ………………. . 1,149 1,130 could flee but the native Christians were obliged Ordained Chinese clergy (124 societies) 1,696 1,86"5 Communicant (full) members ……. . 402,539 488,53g to stay and meet the opposition. :Now we are be- Under religious instruction ………. . 292,857 239,655 ginning to see the results of those turbulent years These statistics show an increase in the number -the Christian Church has grown! of ordained Chinese Protestant clergy of 169 and an increase of 86,000 communicants. There is a There was a great spiritual awakening for the decrease of 1,513 foreign missionaries; of 19 Christians in China following the Boxer uprising. resident stations; and of 53,202 of those under The Protestant Church doubled its membership religious instruction. On the whole the report is from 1900 to 1906. By 1907, the communicants very encouraging. The nine years covered have numbered 178,261. By 1923, this number had been some of the most troublesome for Christian been more than doubled again.' As the church missionary work. grew in numbers the ratio of increase decreased. Now during these nine years under review, the In 1926, five missionaries, Roman Catholic as well as Protestant, gave their lives to the cause church grew 21 %. of Christ. Others were taken captive by bandits. Communistic propaganda, with its anti-Christian A very significant development in the foreign teachings, was exceedingly strong in some sec- mission personnel in China is the increase of the tions.. The nationalistic spirit, with its anti-for- number of Americans as compared to the number eign tendencies, was equally strong in other sec- of Britishers. In 1907, there were 1,727 British tions. In both cases the Christian cause was missionaries to 1,304 American. The percentage under suspicion and criticism. was then forty-five to thirty-five, the balance be- ing made up of missionaries from other lands. Just before the Nanking tragedy of March, By 1922, only 18% of the Protestant missionaries 1927, the Protestant missionaries reached the peak of their numerical strength. At that time were British, while 51 % came from the United 8,200 were reported. When Nanking was taken States.

From 1858 to 1914 the ratio of foreign workers to native converts remained at about one to fifty.

by the southern troops, representatives of five na- After 1914 this ratio was changed. The with- tionalities were killed, including one Protestant drawal of missionaries following the Nanking in- missionary and two Roman Catholics. This trag- cident has now brought this ratio to one mission- edy hastened the withdrawal of all foreigners ary for every eighty communicants.

from all parts of the interior. By the summer of The Protestant work is strongest in the mari- 1927, 60 % of the 8,200 missionaries who were in time provinces because it was here that they first China before the Nanking affair, were out of got started, due to the rights to dwell in cert'ain China. Most of these returned to their home- treaty ports. In 1922, seven out of every ten l~nds. From three to five hundred were trans- communicants resided in these provinces, and ferred temporarily to mission stations in Korea, most of these lived in or near the treaty ports Japan, Siam, etc. About 3,000 remained in China, themselves.

many of whom found refuge in such coast cities The outlook for the growth of the Christian as Shanghai. Only about 500 remained in the in- Church is promising for the church is wen terior at their work. This wholesale evacuation equipped with native leadership. The old feeling was on the orders and advice of the consular and that the Christian religion was a "foreign" reli- diplomatic officials who were fearful of compli- gion is dying down. The one great purpose of the cations arising out of the Nanking incident. missionary is to put himself out of business by so One beneficial result of this wholesale evacua- developing the native work as to make the for- tion was the necessity of the Chinese native Chris- eign worker unnecessary.

[62 ]

J. R. SATHE (AT LEFT) AND CONVERTS FROM SETTLEMENT AT

A Robber's Church in India -4§f By H. R. COVENTRY, Baramati, Poona District, India J!t– Missionary of the Australian Churches of Christ Mission, 1916- DOWN the ages strange and varied persons proud Kaikadi who may lead an armed band of have composed the Church which is the highway robbers. These and many more types body of Christ. From the day when the are to be found scattered about this sub-continent dying thief on Calvary was granted pardon and with its 352,000,000 people. The villagers fear Joseph of Arimathea used his newly hewn tomb them and therefore shelter and protect them when for the body of Jesus, the criminal, as well as the the police are hot in pursuit. City dwellers have highly respected, has been attracted to Christ. A had occasion to know of their presence, and travrobber's church is an anomaly but a Christian elers by road or train have been their normal prey. fellowship may contain reformed robbers, vessels These are professional thieves, whose only trade made over into redeemed souls fit for the Master's is robbery. They are proud of their forbears and use. have schooled their children in stories of their A peculiar situation exists in India where large caste heroes. They glory in one who even stole groups or castes of people are hereditary crim- from the Police Superintendent's bungalow or had inals. They are to be found in all the provinces, taken clothes and jewels from the Governor's rail- both among those professing Hinduism and Islam. way train! The form of crime committed by.each They belong to various strata of society, from the caste is decreed by their patron god or goddess. outcaste gypsy to the proud caste man. Their "We are a divine scourge," declared one proud rascality varies from the cringing, petty thief tribesman,"ordained to relieve the avaricious and who steals small articles from the bazaar to the the rich of their unmerited riches. Without us [63 ]

what would you judges do." Those of us who to the American Marathi Mission of the American have been educated in nominally Christian coun- Board. Later the settlement at Hubli was en- tries, know something of the righteous commands trusted to the Society for the Propagation of the of God cannot easily understand the mentality of Gospel, and in 1920 the settlement at Baramati, people who lack any ethical sense such as under- conducted by the Australian Churches of Christ, lies the sixth commandment. was recognized by the Government of Bombay.

What remedies can instil into these tribes the A few years ago the Depressed Class Mission principles of common honesty? Fear of the police undertook the control of the Belgaum settlement and prison does not reform although it may nold and last year, the Servants of India Society joined crime in check. Some agency is needed to reform the ranks by taking over Jalgaon Settlement in the adults and to drag them out of the pit into Khandesh. Many settlements are still under di- which their fathers had fallen. Children must be rect Government control.

given a chance to know some ot~er type of life. Efforts are made to instil into the minds of the The solution of this problem has been attempted youth of these castes right principles of living.

by the establishment of settlements all oyer. India. Education is compulsory for all children up to For the past twenty-five years the Bombay thirteen years of age. Night schools continue the Presidency has intrusted this reformatory work work backed up by Scouting and Guiding, lectures to a Revenue officer for whom a special depart- on temperance and other topics. Trades are ment has been created, first known as the Crim- taught to enable boys to secure better positions, inal Tribes Settlement Department. More recently to wean them from crime, and to prepare them its scope has been enlarged and it is now called to live rightly.

the Backward Class Department. Many of the The Government gives voluntary agencies a free men of these tribes would have been in prison hand in their religious work for the task is after had it not been for these settlements. Not only is all spiritual. We fight against powers of dark- the criminal brought to a settlement, but his wife ness. Sin and evil are rampant. Immorality is or wives and children also. He is given a small often a part of their religious creed and custom plot of land, sometimes a cash advance, and is so that it is difficult to convince such a person of told to build a house of mud bricks and a grass sin.

roof. Settlements are usually located in open Sound religious education naturally finds a spaces outside of towns and a high barbed wire prominent place in Christian activities, but the fence is the only barrier to freedom. In some conscience clause is observed. Any settler object- places even that is absent. They are placed upon ing to Christian teaching may be transferred to a their honor and are told that good behavior frlr Government settlement and attendance at reli- six years will earn them release from the settle- gious classes is voluntary. In the Sholapur set- ment. Another six years on probation makes tlement a pastor and some Bible women are em- them free men once more. Much of the routine ployed in evangelistic work, assisted by the vol- work of the trained staff in each settlement is con- untary service of many Christian members of the nected with the finding of suitable employment staff. With over 4,000 people in the settlement for settlers. They are released during the day- and free colonies there is scope for all their efforts.

light hours to work within a radius of five miles. Fear is the religion of many settlers – fear of The second duty of the staff is to see that all are horrid goblins that fill the night with terrors; fear in the settlement at night. of the evil eye; fear of disease; fear of death.

After a few years of work, the Government de- There is no knowledge of the loving heavenly Fa- cided that if suitable private agencies would vol- ther for the love of God and love for fellowmen unteer to supervise the settlements they might be are new ideas that sink in very slowly.

handed over to them. "A voluntary agency is Since 1917 the Gospel of Christ has been con- actuated by a spirit of zeal and earnestness and stantly preached among the settlers at Sholapur.

by an undoubted religious fervor that cannot be· The usual policy has been to wait until a man has expected in a government department. Its per- been released to a free colony before he is bap- sonnel would not be subject to constant change as tized. This prevents any from asking baptism is the case of a government agency and would from unworthy motives. Character is the only therefore be able to keep in very close association thing that counts towards release from the settle- with the criminal tribes and work up a connection, ment. There have not been a large number of that would be a very great factor for success in converts through the years but the number is their regeneration." growing and they have continued to grow in grace.

In some provinces much of this work has been It has been an uphill road all the way.

undertaken by the Salvation Army. In 1917 the For many years one of the lady workers in the .growing settlement at Sholapur was handed over settlement, Miss E. C. Hoxie, has dreamed of a

A ROBBER'S CHURCH IN INDIA

suitable building where these souls won out of tain many former criminals who are now teachdarkness can worship the true God. She talked ing Sunday school classes, holding office in the of this plan while on furlough and she prayed church, preaching the Gospel! fervently. Some American friends gave money in memory of the Rev. L. H. Gates who lived and The work has not been easy. Social and family boycott have usually resulted from conversion. To have one's own bread thrown to one by an enraged wife, and to be told not to enter one's own door has been the experience of many. Their employ- ers, usually Hindu, have not been sympathetic and have insisted on Sunday work with loss of em- ployment as an alternative. They are not rice Christians. The missions are not feeding them, THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH worked long in Sholapur and altogether about – …… $5,000 were contributed. The settlement school children also brought their coppers and gifts in ~~ _.<", …: – "-I _P ~~ " … kind, to help in the building of God's House. The women's sewing class and the other converts took a .. – """.' ,. . . . . . . '"yo ,.. keen interest in the matter and the Christian staff gave a portion of their tithe for the building. A INTERIOR OF THE SHOLAPUR SETTLEMENT CHURCH Bombay architect submitted plans for a house of worship especially designed for India, to cost and many have gone hungry rather than deny Rs 16,000 (about $5,000), and the building was Christ. Carpenters, tailors, masons, clerks, teachopened on February 5, 1933. It is capable of seat- ers, are among the converts. One young man has ing 350 on the floor. taken a Bible School Training course and is now preaching the Gospel to his former caste people At the dedication service the writer was privi- and to the villagers around. These twice-born leged to conduct the first communion service in the men have become new creatures and are living new building and a goodly group of converts was new lives in Jesus Christ. present. At first this building was used only as the settlement chapel, and it has satisfied our spirit of reverence and our desire for quiet and beauty for worship. Plans for the recognition of this group as a church under the United Church of Northern India were consummated on September 10, 1933. The foundation members of the new church number 50, half of them being former criminals. J. R. Sathe, who had worked for many years among these people, was installed as pastor. It was the realization of a dream. The following Sunday fifteen more members were received into fellowship. These ex-criminals and their grownup children exhibit anew the power of the Gospel. Broken earthenware made over by Christ Jesus. Caste and fear are dethroned and Christ is enthroned in their lives. Those dug from a pit, centuries deep, are now rejoicing in free salvation.

The churches at Baramati and Hubli also con-

THE MARQUIS OF LOTHIAN ON THE CHRISTIAN COLLEGES OF INDIA Lord Lothian is a member of the Parliamentary Select Committee to submit to the British Parliament the draft of India's new Constitution. He is a former Undersecretary for India and was Chairman of the Indian Franchise Commission. As Sir Philip Kerr, he was the Pri- vate Secretary to Mr. Lloyd George when Prime Minister. Lord Lothian recently visited the United States in the interests of the Rhodes Trust of which he is the Secretary. He is a great friend of the India Christian colleges, on whose behalf he has been recently very active in Great Britain. At a luncheon in New York, in the interest of Christian colleges in India, the Marquis of Lothian said: .

"In this situation (Le., of internal disunity in India); is there any force comparable to that which can be exercised by the Indian Christian colleges for bridging these interior gulfs and for producing the kind of leader who can lead India toward both unity and freedom in the terrific experiment which is being launched today?

"When I studied the positions occupied by the gradu~tes of the India:Christian colleges in India today, I said, these rejuvenated colleges may be the (me saving factor in the situation.

I believe that in the first responsible ministry in the Province of Madras an the Indian min- isters were products of the Madras Christian College. The total number of students in these Christian colleges is about 14,000. Of that number about 2,000 are Christian, while the majority of students are Moslem or Hindu. The standing of the Christian colleges is high among the Hindus and Moslems because they are able to give the kind of education to their children that they want. There is something about the Christian spirit which they want and which they do not find in the government institutions.

"The central characteristic of modern education in India, as elsewhere, is that it breaks down the ancient religious loyalties and the ancient moral and social customs. Large numbers of the young generation are dr=ifting without any moral foundation for their lives. One of the main reasons why these Hindu: and Moslem parents send their children to Christian colleges is because they feel that some moral foundation is given them that they do not get elsewhere.

"The spirit of Christ shining through tllOse institutions can transform much of young India, and so produce leaders who are immune to or who can surmount the communal feeling, and the appeal to noncooperation and violence, and so act as political cement and give heal- ing wisdom in the difficult days that lie ahead.

"The work that c'an be done by the Indian Christian colleges is not only of value to India but of supreme value to the world. If the Indian experiment fails, if cooperation between Great Britain and India, during the next ten or fifteen difficult years, breaks down, whether through the inability of the BritiS'li"to move fast enough, to put themselves into the shoes of another nation, or whether through the inability of India to settle down to the practical work- ing of the constitution-the result will be further chaos for the world. We cannot afford to see another great section of the human race going into the sort of revolutionary disorder we have witnessed during the last twelve or fifteen years in many parts of the world.

"I feel very deeply that the Indian Christian colleges have an immensely important work to do. They are specially important in the case of women. There has been no more remark- able recent event in India than the development of the women's movement. I can without hesitation say that some of our most active, persistent, and competent witnesses were Indian women. The Christian colleges are training a large proportion of women students in India.

"The Lindsay Commission report gives a new and inspiring picture of the function of missionary education in India. It seeks to bring the students into much greater and closer touch with the real life of India, especially village life. It sets out to strengthen not only the technical equipment but the religious and Christian spirit in the colleges themselves. The Indian Christian colleges are not only doing a work for India, but even more for the whole of humanity."

and Encouragements at

As Seen by Home Mission Executives THE following are interesting answers to two questions sent to home mission executives to obtain their views as to the situation at the beginning of the New Year. The questions were as follows: 1. As you see it, what are some special present-day problems that we face in the Home Mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the home church and in the field?

Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook. EDITOR.

PRESENT PROBLEMS IN HOME MISSIONS too great. The principal condition required for cooperation is understanding. This will go far to E. GRAHAM WILSON prevent waste and duplication, will correct mis- Executive Secretary, Board of National Missions, takes already made and insure united effort when Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. needed. Most of the religious bodies have agreed The home missionary work in America is fac- to this in theory but when an attempt is made to ing today some serious problems. Among them apply it to normal rather than exceptional situa- are the following: tions, strain is produced. How to obtain effectual 1. The incomes of all Home Mission Boards cooperation is the outstanding problem and is es- have been drastically reduced. This has necessi- sential for "comity." tated the cutting of salaries in many cases below 2. The great multitude of the unchurched prethe subsistence level. Appropriations for schools sent a challenge to the churches. There are large and hospitals have been reduced to a point where groups of foreign-speaking folk who have lost it has not been possible to maintain standards their affection for the church of their fathers and which should prevail. Repairs on Board-owned are wandering unshepherded and without any re- property have necessarily been neglected. l'igious connections. For instance, the evangelical 2. Practically no new work has been opened up bodies, as a rule, have ignored their obligation to during the past few years. The financial condi- share their knowledge and experience with Christ tion has made it impossible to respond to the many with the Jewish people. Industrial workers often urgent calls for service, some of which have a have a deep longing to help make this a better strategic bearing on the future of the whole home world but they have no appreciation of that more missionary task. abundant Life which Jesus Christ promised-not 3. Much remains to be done in the field of com- the abundant life of the economist but the larger Life of the Spirit. Even though we do not all ity. While something has been accomplished, in agree on the means to be used, the duty of min- some sections of the country there is still over- istering to these and other groups is so manifest lapp.ingt·of churPches and. cobm·petitiond bebtwte·en tdhe- that our neglect is a rebuke. n~mma IOns. rogre~s IS. ell~g m~ e, u.m e 3. The desperate conditions in rural areas in mmds of some ~enommatIOnahsm IS more Impor- 'America is reflected in the life of the rural tant than the Kmgdom of God. churches. Their pastors . are facing a terrific FRANK A. SMITH strain in their personal problems and. in their ministry. Two great needs are: first.· a leader- Secretary of Missions in the United States," American Baptist ship that has sufficient support to give the men a Home Mission Society sense of permanence, and second, vision andjn- spiration for the larger parish and for the smaner 1. The magnitude of the home mission problem calls for the united efforts of all Protestant forces. fields. This is one of our major responsibilities. While the differences in doctrine and practice 4. The Home Mission enterprise is affected on must be recognized, the situation demands a every side by social conditions that cannot be united home mission strategy. No church or de- ignored and to which the missionary forces' must nomination is equal to the task singlehanded, and bring a solution. The changing social order can the entire resources of Protestantism are none never accomplish its goal without Christ. In all [ 67]

social problems the basic requirement is spir- 2. Private and public relief, correcting unemitual, for progress that is simply material cannot ployment and lost morale, economic and social malendure. A demonstration of Christian living is adjustments, with their consequent liabilities, deneeded, an exhibit of Christian relations among mand a new appraisal of this phase of our modmen. The church must speak out in matters of ern home missionary task and a clear understandhuman welfare because social justice can never be ing of its relationship to government, state and established by law of man but by the law of God. local relief agencies, in order to increase efficiency as well as to avoid duplication of effort and waste E. D. KOHLSTEDT of resources in an imperative realm of religious responsibility. Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church 3. Racial relationship issues in the United States, more acute than elsewhere, challenge The Christian's constant concern is the totality home missionary service, particularly among of individual and collective life. United States American Negroes who, despite a heritage of history is replete with illustration of enriching servitude and unj ustifiable economic and personal services rendered by preachers and missionaries, discriminations, have recorded the' most amazing pioneers of progress and creators of national chapter in the history of racial progress. The ideals. Today functional frontiers, in underprivi- crime of lynching human beings is a form of lawleged and complex areas of life, confront the lessness that still stains the American Flag, sym- Church of Christ with an intensive task that must bol of democratic freedom and fair play. mean an active, cooperative interest in the current economic and social as well as in the purely per- Dr. Edwin Lewis, of Drew University, mentions sonal issues that determine human and national the following incentive to cultivate a genuine paswelfare. sion for sacrificial service to these and other de- veloping life situations that now challenge the An unwholesome industrial and social system Church of Christ: that breeds economic inequities, ignores unjust racial discriminations, tolerates city slum and If Christ could have His way with men, there would be dumping ground residential areas, barters with no industrial oppression, no hopeless little children, no beer barons and liquor lords for the privilege of cheerless old age, no grinding poverty, no fattening of the physical and moral debauchery, winks at salacious few on the toil of the many, no racial hatreds, no armaliterature and indecent film portraitures of the ments, no false standards of judgment as between man worst features of life, cheapens itself by iniquitous and man. Only as the race can make progress in this divorce laws, cannot escape the concern of an direction can there be any hope of the future, and such aroused Christian conscience. Unj ustifiable ex- progress depends entirely upon whether or not the foltremes between poverty and plenty, starvation and lowers of Jesus Christ are willing to leave the eternal fate surfeit, are an anomoly that has no rightful place of their souls in their Lord's hands while they devote themin the scheme of professedly Christian common- selves to making his spirit operative in the world of today. wealth. Modern Home Missions must be concerned with areas of life that challenge the JAMES S. KITTELL resources of a living faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of realities in the realm of re- Secretary, Board of Domestic Missions, Reformed Church ligion. in America The work of modern home missionaries in new 1. A financial survey reveals certain weakareas of activity is more impersonal and intricate, nesses as to invested funds. There should be a but not less romantic, urgent or significant to the more careful watch set on mortgages as to the welfare of this nation, than that of our pioneer real estate, not only its value but also as to its preachers. Among the causes that now challenge future. There should be regular renewals with the mental and material resources of American amortization insisted upon, a careful search of Home Missions are: court and tax records, especially to watch liens against the properties which have proved very 1. Distinctive social situations, different from embarrassing of late. Bonds and stocks should early American community life. To make the be passed upon by experts and changes made to Gospel of Jesus Christ a reality to polyglot city increase income and security each year. centers; to cement our Americanization process with the concept of universal brotherhood; to en- Budgets should be made on the basis of a threesure an adequate religious ministry to changing year income avoiding sudden expansion during mountain, rural and urban communities; and to one prosperous _year. A program of expansion cultivate a cooperative Christian ministry to man- should cover a number of years, with the most kind, regardless of traditions and prejudices, is a important points kept at the top and taken up task that requires heroic service. only as finances warrant after a due considera- tion of the future carrying charges. No new work should be undertaken because of the de- mands of ecclesiastical organizations, but only in

PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS AT HOME

harmony with sound judgment. The depression tofore. We are not merely camping until some- has proved that the Lord does not take care of thing better comes along; we are here for busi- presumptuous programs of expansion. ness as long as the Lord wants us here."

2. The field today offers many opportunities The Home Mission boards are facing many which should be considered. There is also the serious problems, but they are determined to rise opportunity for reorganization of the field, espe- up and enter the promised land of opportunity cially in the light of changing rural and city con- and service for Christ who is the nation's only ditions. There should be a wise insistence on hope.

mergers and refusal to carryon a work because FRANK A. SMITH of sentiment only. Through the Home Missions 1. There is ground for encouragement in the Council there is a growing cooperation in the general feeling that the reconstruction of life to- matter of unreached fields and classes, which day, both for the individual and for society, needs promises a more effective work over a wider area. all available spiritual resources, and that the 3. As to missionary personnel we must give Church, as one of the fundamental institutions heed to the training of men gifted for and de- concerned, is making a valuable contribution. The sirous of doing special kinds of work. In the splendid service of our home missionaries who past too many have entered the work with only have assumed burdens far beyond what should general ministerial or educational qualifications. rightfully be required and who have labored cheer- There is need for special insight into and desire fully amid discouragement, furnish one of the to do a particular type of work. All our mission- most splendid chapters in church history.

ary schools should be kept to the simplest kind of 2. The growth of the spirit of cooperation is work, with no large budgets and no showy fadist increasing the love and confidence of different de- departments for advertising purposes, such as nominations in each other. The study of the fields handicraft. by home mission leaders, where different denom- SOME ENCOURAGEMENTS inations are at work, has revealed a statesman- ship and purpose to avoid useless and hurtful E. GRAHAM WILSON competition and serious duplications. This atti- There are elements in the Home Mission situa- tude promises a new day in Home Missions. The tion which give ground for encouragement as we number of projects in which various churches pool their resources is increasingly large. The face the new year. 1. The receipts of most Home Mission Boards development will be slow, too slow to suit the are slightly in excess of last year. We believe we more ardent and critical, but it is so firmly estabhave touched bottom in the matter of decrease in li~b.ed that it will have increasing recognition. financial support. While the increase has been 3. The Home Mission enterprise is of such magsmall, there are some substantial increases in the nitude that no single Christian body is equal to giving of churches and individuals. One board it and our combined resources are not commenreports the largest single legacy in its history. surate with the opportunity. Present social, eco- 2. There is increased evidence that the Prot- nomic, and religious conditions demand a redisestant Church believes in the importance and . tribution of resources, workers, and fields, for value of the home missionary enterprise. Not the need of the hour will not be met by each one only is it conscious of the fact that the present seeking to do his best irrespective of others but church is the result of the home missionary work by recognition of the fact that we are workers toof the past, but it also realizes that unless there gether with each other and workers together with is a missionary program in America today there God. will be no Church of tomorrow. The many under- JAMES S. KITIELL privileged peoples of America appeal to our sym- One has to look closely to discern encourage- pathy and arouse us to a realization that for them ments in Home Mission work today but we are not also Christ died. without them.

3. The courage and devotion of our home mis- 1. The depression has brought the work closer sionaries in these difficult days is a great inspira- to the individual church and has led to a keener tion and a source of encouragement. Salaries of sense of responsibility for the work. The next practically all have been drastically cut; responsi- few years should see the pressing of the fact that bilities have been increased; missionaries have the whole enterprise is based on the church.

oftentimes been asked to make "bricks without 2. There is one change in the situation that we straw," but they have carried on without com- must heed in these times and that is the growing plaint. As one wrote to his board : "We are go- tendency of the Federal Government to take over ing to stay on the job even ,if the board should all relief, to establish old age pensions, unemploy- take away all the allowance they have given here- ment insurance, etc. It seems that the money for

this work will be secured from inheritance taxes. velopment of particular fields. Comity will see to This probably means the diminishing of legacies it that there is no overlapping. "Fewer pieces of as well as the directing of generous minded peo- work, and better," will be the ideal. Such fields ple to material relief as over against the spiritual will be built as are our schools and colleges, on a needs of men. broad and permanent base, with a program as wide as the community and as deep as human ERNEST M. HALLIDAY need. They will be controlled as much as pos- General Secretary, Extension Boards of the Congregational and sible by their several constituencies and will aim Christian Churches; PreSidetlt, Home Missions Council at hearty participation and financial support by The Home Mission situation is big with prom- everybody concerned. The boards have no easy ise. It thrills with the spirit of adventure. money to pass out for half-hearted service to Changes are upon us. The old wells of personal moribund churches, but they have funds with commitment and devotion to duty must be redug which to support enterprises which are vital, for- in all our churches. That is an inspiring task for ward-looking and constructive.

the Home Mission Boards. New ways of preach- It may well be, as was recently suggested by a ing, teaching and applying the Gospel are just distinguished and experienced denominational ahead. A generation of young people is ready for leader, that the consolidated school in rural sec- education in self-expression, social outlook, and tions is pointing the way to the consolidated practical helpfulness. Older folk are at a point church. Instead of sending our missionaries where they have time and inclination to be led on around to little groups in separate churches, why explorations into broad, new fields of culture. should we not send the school buses out on Sun- 1. Cooperative planning within the denomina- days to bring the people in – whole families of tionsand between them is eliminating lost motion them- to a well-equipped and manned central and unnecessary expense. This has a good start church plant, worthy to rank with the central but it still has far to go. Specialized training of rural school? Is not the work of the church as home missionaries deserves emphasis. None but important as that of the school?

the strongest should be chosen. It takes as big a 3. Finances? Yes, they offer a problem hard man, perhaps bigger, to do an effective job in an to handle. Income is 41.7% lower than it was in isolated, lonely parish as in a staunch old church 1929. But the downward curve is leveling itself where the general set of the current is in the di- out. It may even start upward after awhile. The rection of religion. He needs to be rugged in main problem is so to readjust our activities that physique, warm of heart, sturdy in mind, deep they will be thoroughly effective in this new day.

and true of soul. Such men, trained for sel1vice If we can do that, financial support will follow.

and ready to serve, will find opportunity in the home missions of tomorrow. Ten Obstacles to Modern Missions The line of development may be envisioned Dr. Julius Richter, Professor-Emeritus of missions in something like this. First of all will come positiye Berlin University, gives ten difficulties which world-wide cooperation between the· various Mission Boards. missions face to-day: By working together at a common task, the field 1. The financial depression which compels a curtailment of each will be broadened, and fraternal appre- of work.

ciation intensified. Why, for example, should not 2. Loss of prestige to Christianity due to brutalities all our boards come to look to the interdenomina- of the World War. tional bureau of architecture of the Home Missions Council for architectural service? Why 3. Un-Christian and anti-Christian science and tech- nique, the fruits of which are sought by non-Christian peoples.

should not Alaska be regarded as a geographical 4. Competition between Roman Catholic and Protestant unit and organized under a cooperative set-up missions as in the Congo. which all could have a part in supporting? Why 5. New advance of Islam—especially in Africa. should we not work together in what we do for 6. Bolshevistic atheistic communism. Indians and Spanish-speaking folk and immi- 7. Nationalism, especially its "anti-foreign" phase. 8. Increasing restrictions placed upon missionary edu- grants as we now do for farm and cannery mi- cation by non-Christian governments. grants? Why may we not jointly employ special- 9. Immoral lives of many representatives of white rulists in city and rural work who, divorced from administrative responsibilities, will serve all the ing classes at home and abroad. 10. Institutionalism, which absorbs so many people amt so much money and often hampers aggressive evangelism.

boards as expert counsellors? Why should not A mission study program might be built effectively all missionary organizations join forces in the around these points. Were any of them characteristic of first-century missions? Which are a rebuke to our lives, support of "preaching missions" for all the . our methods, our wrong zeal, our improper standards of churches? judgment? What is the true goal of missions?-The Mos- 2. There will be intensified denominational de- lem WO'rld.

Among Italians in

By REV. A. DI DOMENICA, Philadelphia Pastor 01 the Italian Baptist 'Church W HEN Paul wrote his Epistle to the Jewish- a metamorphosis: instead of being the means of Christians of Rome, speaking in general Christianizing the heathens she became heathen- terms of the gentiles as "being filled with ized! Before his "conversion" the Emperor of all unrighteousness, fornication, wickedness, cov- Rome had been the Pontifex Maximus of the etousness, maliciousness; full of envy, murder, heathen religion; when he accepted Christianity debate, deceit, malignity; whisperers, backbiters, that title was retained, but under the mask of the haters of God, despiteful, proud, boasters, in- Christian religion!

ventors of evil things, disobedient to parents, When Constantine removed his seat to Byzan- without understanding, cov- thium and the bishop of Rome enant breakers, without natural was left behind, the Church be- affection, implacable, unmerci- The pre sen t condition gan to lose sight of the altar for ful" (Romans 1: 29-31), he among the four and one half the throne, and the cross for purposely or incidentally al- million Italians in the United the sword! As the Church luded to the moral and spiritual States is described by one of began to a c qui r e political condition of the Italian people their own number as being strength, she lost spiritual as they were chief among the Hmoral and religious chaos." power. In proportion that she gentiles of the world. How- Nominally most of them are enriched herself in secular and ever, when these Italians ac- Catholics; in reality they material things, she impover- cepted Christianity, they be- are materialists. There is, ished herself in spiritual attaincame the light of the world, de- however, a Hsaving remnant" ments. This was illustrated by fying persecution and death for composed of some 25,000 Savonarola w hen he said: the sake of their Master. The aerveanggaethliecraeld iCnh2r4is0tiParnosteswtahnot "There was a time when the churches. The Spirit of God Colosseum in Rome and the is moving in this Hchaos" and Church had wooden cups and catacombs are living monu- golden clergy; but now she has ments of their faith and Chris- is bringing l)ew spiritual life golden cups and woo den tian fortitude. clergy." The same thing was and activity. There is reason observed by Thomas of Aquinas The Christians of Rome were to thank God and take cour~ examples of holiness in the time age, but the solution presents when one day the Pope, who of the sojourn of Paul in Rome. a challenge to the Church of was boasting of the wealth of Writing to the Philippians he Christ in America. the Church, said: "Thomas, speaks of them in high terms: the Church cannot say now: "All the saints salute you, 'silver and gold have I none!' "

chiefly they that are of Cresar's household" (Phi- Aquinas retorted: "Neither can she say: 'Arise lippians 4: 22) . and walk.''' Aquinas knew that the Church had This characteristic which signalized in such a lost her spiritual fiber because of her earthly am- conspicious way the faith of the Christians of bitions.

Rome was handed down from one generation to In proportion as the Church adopted heathen another until the time of Constantine when the practices and beliefs, the Italians became less and Christian religion became a State Religion. We less Christian in their religious thinking and life.

all know the change that took place in the Church They have absolutely no sense of the tragedy of of Jesus Christ from that time on. If in the past sin and the impelling necessity of the new birth the Church had insisted on the new birth as con- as the foundation for a genuine Christian experi- dition for membership, now it begins to receive ence. They have no conception of this funda- into its bosom unregenerated persons. The State mental principle of the Christian religion. It is even compelled soldiers to accept baptism without true that the same catastrophic situation is being conversion and in course of time the Church experienced even among the so-called Christians adopted many heathen practices to satisfy the of Protestant faith and heritage, yet it is more taste of the newcomers. The Church experienced evident among Roman Catholics.

[71 ]

Since the Roman Church adopted so many and when he found little response on the part of heathen doctrines and practices, the religion of the Roman clergy and people, he said: "The the Italians centered itself in outward formalities; Christian conscience is more than half destroyed, devoid of spiritual value. When one goes to Italy and it is only through divine mercy that any por- or visits Italian communities in our large cities in tion remains."

America, and sees the various celebrations in When the Italians immigrated to America they honor of Italian patron saints and madonnas he carried with them their religious heritage mixed is apt erroneously to consider the Italians very de- with superstition, irreligion, indifference and a vout and religious. Christian conscience "more than half destroyed."

When Paul visited Athens "his spirit was On top of this we must add another painful situa- stirred in him when he saw the city wholly given tion little apprehended by our American friends.

to idolatry" (Acts 17: 16), and he did not hesitate Italians did not leave the old world for religious to tell his hearers at Mars' Hill that they were motives as did the Pilgrim fathers. The sons of "extremely religious" with a religion that satis- Italy crossed the ocean for purely economic rea- fied the priests but not the burning soul of Paul. sons and in years gone by we have heard them The same thing can be seen today in Italy and in say: "We did not come to America to bother about Italian communities in America. religion; we came here to make money. When we The Rev. Dr. J. H. Eager, for a number of years go back to Italy, then we'll go to church."

a Baptist missionary in Italy, in his book "Roman- While the Italian immigrants came to America ism in Its Home," quotes Prof. Raffaele Mariano, with the intention of going back to Italy as soon of the University of Naples, who in an address on as their economic situation would warrant it, they "Religious Thought in Italy" said: became attached to American life and decided to establish themselves here permanently. Their With the sacraments reduced to mechanical acts, with marvelous advance in the social, educational and purgatory and pecuniary offerings to free from it, with economic life has astonished every observer and festivals, indulgences, jubilees, pilgrimages, relics, mir- student of the New Americans. But they have acles, adoration of saints and madonnas, Romanism has inoculated in the Christian religion the forms of magical and idolatrous naturalism…… And the worst of all is not been immune from the influence of atheistic that Romanism makes the sacerdotal hierarchy the only propaganda. Agitators are found everywhere and indispensable mediator of the religious and moral life. from the Atlantic to the Pacific, sowing tares of The atonement, repentance, absolution of sin, the efficacy doubts and unbelief among the people of the of the Christ and His benefit, everything centers itself in a monopoly of the hierarchy. From all this we must con- middle class. If this propaganda has not made clude that Romanism is the very opposite of that duty many full-fledged atheists, it has succeeded in which distinguishes the human soul…… This religion may have had its days of glory and usefulness, but it has causing many to drift farther and farther away now become a pure formalism. It has no power over the from any religious influence.

morals of the people; it does not attract or educate or With a background such as Prof. Mariano, edify the masses, but simply holds them under its sway by Father Curci and many others have described, and force of habit, by inert traditionalism, and its ultimate adding to it the condition of the American life as result can only be ignorant credulity in the midst of we have endeavored to portray, the religious life ignorant incredulity. of the Italians in America is far worse than that And yet we must not be too severe on this miserable re- ligious conscience of the Italian people, for when did the of their brethren in Italy. In the midst of this leading classes take the trouble of illuminating and rais- crude reality which describes in contradictory ing it up? It pains me to have to confess it: the religious terms the irreligiosity of the Italians, their supercondition of the upper classes in Italy is much more trou- stition, idolatry and semi-atheism, they would inbled than that of the common people. With a few honor- variably call themselves Roman Catholics should able exceptions, they present to us a large army of minds whose existence is a perpetual moral somnolence; unable they be asked about their religious affiliation. to believe, they have not enough moral strength to dis-·- believe anything seriously. They are Catholics for social When you talk to them about the doctrines of the convenience and opportunism. They boast that they have Roman Church such as the auricular confession, minds strong and free; but whilst they attack religion, purgatory, indulgences, mass, litanies, etc., they they send their children to Jesuit schools. They have no say: "I don't believe in these things, but I was convictions, and laugh at everything; but you see them born a Catholic and I shall die a Catholic …… I on every occasion ordering masses and priestly funerals. don't care to attend the church and support it They desire the priest, but in the solemn moments of life financially, but -I am a Catholic, and I am proud . they throw themselves, body and soul, into the arms of the of it." clergy….. .

Prof. Mariano was not a Protestant, but as a Prof. Archibald McClure, of the University of student and observer of the religious life of the Chicago, in his book "Leadership of the New Italians he was honest enough to say the truth. America," says: Father Curci, a great scholar, had a great de- The startling assertion has been frequently made this sire to translate and publish the New Testament, past winter that 90 per cent of the Italians are without

CONDITIONS AMONG ITALIANS IN AMERICA

the sway of the Roman Catholic Church. Though they priest as being parasite, gnawing worm, bag of coal, selmay still go to church to be baptized, married and buried, fish, and author and bearer of misfortunes . . . this is their sole connection with it. Even this is a matter of social custom rather than conviction. A leading Italian All that is being said by the people in Italy against the priest in New York admitted that at least 50 per cent of hated priest, their most foolish accusations, their most the Italians were without the church, except for baptism, infamous malignity, are repeated in America by the Italmarriage and burial-and that although some 3,000 at- ian people. Very often they salute the priest when he is tended Sunday services in his church on the lower East in front of them, but to his back they say uncomplimen- Side, there were as many more in that neighborhood who tary things against him . . . While we see the Amerdid not do so. . . . .. A father of a very prominent Italian icans, both Protestant and Catholic, respecting their lawyer of New Jersey has been here forty-two years and priests and devoted to their churches, the Italians speak never been in the church; another Italian notary public disparagingly of their priests, saying: "Let them go to in West Virginia, though here fourteen years, never goes work" . . . "I don't intend to support them" . . . "They to the church-just two instances of religious indifference repeat the same thing." . . . . "I . . . go to church?" which might be multipled by the hundreds and the thou- Hence we see that not even five per cent of the Italians sands." attend church.

One Sunday morning I preached on "The Re- This statement is by an Italian priest who ligious Indifference of Galio," one of the twelve knows the religious condition of his people. The Italians mentioned in the New Testament (Acts religious condition of the Italian Catholics in 18: 12-17). I deplored the religious indifference America has not changed for the better during the of our modern Italians who generally go to church past twelve years. The situation of the second on three occasions of their life: christening, mar- and third generations is very perplexing and of riage and burial. At the close of the service a great concern to those who are interested in their young man approached me and said: "Pastor, I welfare. These American-born seem to have given want to thank you for your sermon but I don't up the good traits which their parents imported agree with you when you said that the Italians from Italy, and to have retained the bad ones, go to church on three occasions in their life. In and on the top of this they have absorbed the fact, when they are christened and buried, they worst customs of the American life. The combiare carried there; so they go only once by their nation is not an easy matter with which to deal. own free-wilL" May God inspire and lead us in handling this disturbing situation. Speaking with an intelligent Italian business man on religious matters, and learning that he Now if this is the picture of the religious status did not believe· in the most important doctrines of the Italians in America, what are we going to of Catholicism and did not support his Church in do about it? Shall we imitate the priest and the any way, I pointed out to him that he could not levite of the parable and "pass by on the other be a good Catholic if he rejected practically all si~' or shall we follow the example of the Good her doctrines and dogmas. He answered: Samaritan who proved to be a real neighbor?

"Reverend, when you go to a banquet you don't It is to be regretted that in America there is a eat everything they put before you, but you sim- tendency on the part of some people who say that ply take what you like. So I do with my religious Protestant has no right to disturb the faith of food." "My dear man," I replied, "judging from these Italians and to try to convert them. But what you said you believe, it seems to me, that do they have any real faith to be disturbed? Their you don't take any food at all from your Catholic own priests acknowledge that they have none. banquet; if you don't change cook and dining The objections come from "broad minded" minroom you will soon be starving to death!" isters who have influenced not a few of our Prot- estant pulpits, men who believe that all religions He laughed and said: "Well, what's the differ- are of equal moral value. If all roads lead to ence; religion to me is a secondary matter. I Rome, all roads do not lead to Heaven. There never bother about it. I am a Catholic …… and was no compromise on the part of Jesus Christ this is enough for me." concerning the way of salvation. He did not hesi- tate to disturb the Jews and to tell them they The Rev. P. Pambianco, a priest of an Italian must be converted. Catholic Church of Philadelphia, published an article in L'Opinione, a daily Italian paper of the If Protestantism has no mission in the world same city, on July 20, 1922, in which he says: today then the Reformation of the 16th century was a colossal mistake. But if Protestantism has Our colonies have no consideration for the Italian Cath- a work to do, let us not hesitate to disturb the olic clergy. They still have ferocious prejudices against faith of the Italians and with renewed faith, in the clergy as though the priests were one of the causes Jesus Christ, and with enthusiasm and consecrafor the propaganda which is being waged against the tion let us go forward in preaching the Gospel to Italians who are looked down upon in America . . . the people "who recently came from Italy" (Acts The Italian people have been influenced against the clergy 18: 2). by the well known ring-leaders who have instilled in the people's mind the most foolish prejudices, hatreds, scorns, sarcasms and defamations. Hence utterances against the

Success of Missionary

By ELLSWORTH HUNTINGTON, _.•<tff{ New Haven, Connecticut Department of Social Sciences, Yale University TAKEN as a whole, missionary children ap- in "making themselves useful and valuable mem- pear to be of unusually high character and to bers of society" and in thus becoming "men whose achieve unusual success. This fact was for- achievements render the world a better place in cibly brought out by Dr. Robert E. Speer in an which to live." The method at Harvard was more address at the annual meeting of the American personal, but otherwise was essentially the same.

Eugenics Society in May, 1934. In that address The number of missionaries was small (six at Dr. Speer emphasized the value of the fine train- Yale and two at Harvard), but it is worth noting ing received by missionary children. Another that all of these eight were ranked high, and their factor, however, is likewise important, namely average was notably higher than that of graduates their biological inheritance. From birth onward in any other profession. This rating is confirmed no two individuals are absolutely alike in either by other facts. Dr. Speer, for example, states appearance, intellect, or temperament. "Identi- that thirty-six missionaries from the Presbyterian cal" twins, springing from a single egg, are al- Board alone have been decorated by foreign gov- most exactly alike until diverse environments ernments. Who's Who in America for 1926-27 cause them to differ, but other pairs of brothers contains forty-seven sketches of missionaries and and sisters, even ordinary twins, differ greatly about twenty-seven times as many of clergymen physically, and the mental differences are even who are not missionaries. This means that, in more noticeable. Innumerable experiments make proportion to their numbers, the missionaries are it clear that no known method of training can con- fully as likely to be included in Who's Who as are vert a congenital moron into a genius. On the the clergymen who stay at home. This is in spite other hand, a person born with a fine intellect can of the fact that the missionaries are buried far be trained in many directions. Environment hiay away in foreign countries where there is little turn him into a skillful criminal or a spiritual opportunity for their deeds to become widely leader; but in either role he will excel because of known among Americans. Hence it appears that inborn ability. The unusual success of missionary missionaries as a whole achieve a much higher children apparently is due to the fact that they degree of what is commonly called success than possess unusual innate ability, and therefore can do the clergymen who stay at home.

profit from excellent training. Turning now to the children of missionaries, the But what evidence have we as to the success of three Yale classes studied included six sons of missionary children? In contradiction to the old missionaries, all of whom are engaged in non- sayings as to the black sheep among ministers' missionary professions. These, as well as the sons and deacon's daughters, Dr. Speer has col- actual missionaries, were ranked phenomenally lected many forceful opinions which indicate very high by their classmates, averaging well above the high ability, character and success. While there sons of graduates in any other profession.

is not much statistical evidence to uphold this In another investigation the college careers of favorable opinion, such evidence as we have indi- Yale classes graduating from 1922 to 1926 were cates that missionaries are as a rule highly suc- examined. The members of these classes were cessful and that their children follow in their ranked according to their official records as to steps. A few years ago, Dr. John C. Phillips and scholarship, athletic activity, other extra-cur- the writer cooperated in a study of the success of ricular activities, and earnings. The eighteen college graduates and the relation of success to young men who -were sons of missionaries out- the size of families. He took three classes at ranked the sons of every other profession. Un- Harvard who had been out of college 25 or 30 fortunately it is impossible to pick out all the chil- years, and I took three similar classes at Yale. dren of missionaries in "Who's Who," but some In the case of the Yale graduates, from five to can be identified and the number of sons of mis- nine men in each class graded their classmates on sionaries appears to be out of all proportion to the a scale of one to five according to their success actual number of missionaries. For example, [74 ] among the seventy-one missionaries listed in the sionaries, as in no other profession, the same rig- 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," at least thirteen, orous selective processes apply to both fathers and including all three of the missionary women in mothers. Selection on both sides of the family the book, are children of missionaries. But among seems to be one of the great secrets of the success missionary children it is not probable that more of missionaries' children. than one in ten or twenty return to the foreign All this means not only that the missionary child field. Even if one in ten go back, missionary chil- is very carefully trained, but that the biological dren are nearly twice as likely to be included in material to which the training is applied is of "Who's Who" as are the children of clergymen in high quality. One member of the great J. P. Morgeneral. Further exact data on this subject are gan banking firm, for example, is the son of a greatly needed, but enough has been said to show missionary, while many others are in equally inthat wherever we have yet been able to test the fluential positions. It is natural for religious matter, the children of missionaries on an average leaders and educators to believe that training is show unusual ability and achieve notable success. the main reason for high character and success.

Let us consider now the reasons for this suc- The world has long believed that if children could cess. Undoubtedly one is the good training which be properly trained in every respect, many of our the children of missionaries receive in their early troubles would end. It seems to be scientifically years. Another and equally important reason is demonstrable, however, that unless we have able that such children are usually endowed with a fine leaders no such training is possible, and the rank biological inheritance. Their parents are selected and file will not make progress. It seems equally very rigorously. The Builders of America, writ- certain that able leaders are born as well as made. ten by Mr. Leon F. Whitney and the present au- Even though our present knowledge of human inthor, calls attention to the fact that the mission- heritance is very imperfect, it is clear that higharies of practically all the more intellectual de- grade parents tend to produce children of high nominations must be well educated, which means grade. In individual cases the children of the that they must have good minds to start with. fine parents may turn out poorly, because every Next they must be deeply religious. Third, they one carries a highly mixed inheritance. Weare must be so altruistic that they are willing to make genuine mongrels because thus far there has been great sacrifices. Fourth, they must have the no satisfactory eugenic program. Nevertheless, pioneering spirit, or the spirit of adventure which repeated investigations demonstrate that if a thoumakes them eager to go to one of the remote parts sand children of high-grade parents are compared of the earth. A fifth type of selection arises from with a thousand children of low-grade parents the the necessity for moral courage, and for the kind forwer type will have a decided advantage. Thereof strength that resists the attractions of life in for'e it is highly desirable that there be relatively America with all its opportunities for fame, large families among missionaries, among whom wealth, and pleasure. The majority of mission- both parents have been chosen through a process aries must be willing to resign themselves to life of strenuous selection. Today among the missionin some lonely corner where no one but God knows aries listed in the 1932-33 edition of "Who's Who," much about their struggles and their successes. the average number of children born in completed Physical as well as moral courage is a sixth qual- families amounts to 3.48 whereas it was 3.71 ten ity which acts as a selective factor. One who is years earlier. The corresponding figures among physically timid, or at least who yields to physical clergymen in America are 3.21 and 3.29, while timidity, rarely goes to a mission field. It takes among all the men in "Who's Who" it was 2.80 the finest kind of courage to proceed quietly with in 1922-23 and among artists only 2.20. The famone's work when a Boxer uprising or the fierce ilies of missionaries have declined appreciably anger of savages endanger one's life. Still an- during the last decade while those of the clergy at other factor in the selection is the fact that only home have changed only a little. Nevertheless, people of good health and sound constitution are the missionary families still remain slightly accepted for the mission field and later ill health larger than the others, and both clergymen and of any member of the family may cause their re- missionaries have more children than are born in turn home. Thus missionaries are selected be- the less altruistic professions. Those who because of intellectual ability, religious earnestness, lieve in the value of religious training, as well as altruism, the spirit of adventure, moral courage, of heredity, see in this a good sign. The world physical courage and good health. But the most has no greater need than that of high-grade chilimportant point of all is that among foreign mis- dren in high-grade homes.

of the Unchurched

By J. CAMPBELL WHITE, LL.D., New York Minister of the Community Center and Training School, West 44th Street United Presbyterian Church p: OFFICIAL resolution, passed at the recent get this truth across to all the children and youth National Convention of the Protestant of the nation by every possible method of ap- Episcopal Church, reads in part: proach? This is the truth and is tremendously "Whereas, millions of unchurched children in worth saying, and as soon as the churches can say this country constitute a major responsibility and it and mean it, a vast change will begin to take an unrivalled missionary opportunity for the place throughout America. Church." It is futile to try to reach all these millions of The resolutions called upon all the bishops, children and youth by anyone method, however clergy and churches "to make every effort to valuable. Doubtless, a genuine awakening of the reach these children through our church schools churches would lead to a great expansion of Sunand other agencies for Christian education." Sim- day school work and to a vast improvement in ilar action was taken by the New York and Kan- its general quality. But many millions of these sas Synods of the United Presbyterian Church and by the United Lutheran Church of America in youth will need to be reached by other methods. their biennial convention. These official actions, One thoughtful man, writing on the subject, says: taken during October of this year, make it clear that there is a real and widespread stirring of "We need practically a new profession created, of conviction on this question of evangelizing the persons who specialize on finding contact with a children and youth of America. The question group of these young people and leading them into was under prayerful discussion as to the need for the knowledge and experience of the truth as it is in Christ." What a chance for a training school for leaders of youth that would be competent to develop such "a new profession" !

a national agency to promote Christian effort For younger children one of the great fields to among unchurched children and youth. be expanded is Bible teaching of public school It is clear that only a powerful, sustained, na- children on released time. In Chattanooga, for tionwide effort can enlist and guide our churches the past twelve years, a committee representing in reaching double the number of children and youth than they are now reaching. No one church all the Protestant churches has selected and emcan solve this problem. It will tax the resources ployed Bible teachers in the public schools. Last of all of our Protestant churches working coop- year 8,758 pupils were taught in 32 different eratively. But by concerted and determined and schools of the city. Their report states that "many divinely guided action on the part of all Christian children have been won to Christ and church memforces it is possible to bring about a radical bership through the Bible classes in the public change in this situation during the next few years. schools. Hundreds of children from homes that Can we not so lay this burden of responsibility are not Christian first learn of Christ in these upon all churches that they shall actually make Christian instruction of youth as general as secu- classes and are led into the Sunday schools." "The lar education? There are thirty-four million chil- children in their Love Offering conducted by the dren of school age (6 to 18) in the United States. Parent-Teachers Association gave $1,243.39 to Only one-half of them are under Christian instruc- the budget, the largest single gift received from tion by either Protestant or Catholic churches. anyone organization." If this can be done in Chattanooga, why can it not be done in 1,000 other cities and towns of America? Millions of children In the meantime, immorality and crime go on might thus be reached with vital Christian inincreasing. Our Attorney General called a con- struction who wf)uld not be reached without this ference on Crime Prevention to meet in Wash- method being used. Have not the Christian ington on December 10th. He says that crime is chu1'ches and Christian parents surrendered ennow costing one billion dollars every month. What tirely too much in failing to provide for biblical can the Christian forces say that is worth saying, education as an essential part of education? An unless it is that Christ alone can cure sin and effective national agency can lead hundreds of crime and that the churches are determined to cities to adopt this plan.

[ 76]

CRITICISMS OF WORK FOR JEWS

The Catholic and Jewish groups in Chattanooga Some constructive ways to help: have been free to provide their own religious instruction for school children electing it, but they 1. Take this need deeply into your heart to pray have never actually supplied it. and work for till the need is actually met. Pray in groups as well as alone. In addition to the above methods, millions of other youth can be reached only by the small group 2. Let your own church leaders and the Intermethod. The right kind of a leader, organizing a denominational Provisional Committee which is club of boys or girls and cultivating them wisely working at this problem know of your interest. for their own development, including the consid- A thousand persons praying and thinking and eration of the deepest problems of life-this plan working together for this object will become irreis probably the chief practical one in the case of sistible. Why not be one of that group? (Please multitudes of youth not reachable by other meth- send your name to the writer at 432 West 44th ods. Almost no youth are beyond reach by this Street, New York City.) method-if the leader is both competent and consecrated. The enlistment and training of an army 3. The strong national agency needed to get of such leaders is a matter of first importance. such a program into operation and carry it for- It is a bigger and more important job than is now ward will require substantial financing. Pray for being done by any university in existence. Who the funds needed and do whatever else you are will provide an adequate training school for pro- moved by the Spirit of God to do to get this parducing reliable guides of youth? Could anything ticular problem solved. conceivable have a larger place in building the new nation and the new world that must be the 4. Tackle where you are the job of reaching desire of all who have been touched by the Spirit unchurched children. If you can get into contact of the Good Shepherd? with even half a dozen of them, it may mean their transformation, to say nothing of what it may mean to you of added joy in living.

Criticisms of Work for Jews By REV. PAUL I. MORENTZ, Philadelphia, Pa. Missionary of the Luthera11 Miss.ion to the I ews • CRITICISM, both by Hebrews and Christians In searching the Scriptures, one cannot find a single trace in regard to what is called "proselytizing" of Judaism being reserved, as it were, for the children of among the Jews, is based on erroneous con- Jacob, or anything that could be construed as being adceptions as to what the Gospel is and what con- verse to bringing other nations within its fold…. It is stitutes Christian mission work among Jews. quite natural that the Jews, while their own lives were threatened by persecution, and when the conversion of a Hebrew Critics Gentile might have brought dire punishment on the whole community, should have refrained from carrying on reli- Who are the Hebrews who criticise Christian gious p~opaganda. Not so, however, in olden times, and mission work among the Jews? Are they Ortho- under cIrcumstances favorable to Jewish missionary activdox Jews who sincerely believe in the Old Testa- ity…. We find at the very beginning of our history the ment Scriptures, in the mission of Israel and in promise given to Abraham that "all the nations of the the coming of the Messiah? earth shall be blessed in thee." His descendants were to be means of spreading this divine blessing among all the In my library is a collection of essays under the nations of the world…. The messages sent by the prophtitle: "The Jewish Library," edited by Rabbi Leo ets, were they not apostolic epistles from those who propa- Jung. Among those essays is one on "The Spread gated the Word of God and the fear of Him to the heathen of Judaism Through the Ages," by the Rev. nations and kings? Haham Moses Gaster, Ph.D., London, England, who says: This much from a very prominent representa- tive of orthodox Jewry. Among the many fallacies affecting the Jews and Judaism, there is none which is so generally accepted and so How about Reformed Judaism which rejects the deeply rooted as that which declares Judaism to be a mere coming of a personal Messiah but which speaks tribal religion, and to have neither the wide outlook nor in most emphatic terms of "the mission of Israel" the ideal expectation of becoming a world religion. . . . (whatever they may mean by that)? In my li- brary is another book called "The Unknown Sanc-

tuary," by Aime Palliere, a French Catholic con- the world for Judaism." (From the Chicago Jew- vert to Judaism, who some years ago toured ish Sentinel of January 23, 1931.) America as a guest lecturer invited by the well- Let Us Carry On known Rabbi Stephen S. Wise. A Foreword to this book, written by Edmond Fleg, a prominent How can we carry on mission work among the representative of Liberal Judaism in France, has Jews? I could not tell you if I would and I would this to say: not tell you if I could. Who am I to tell others how they should win a single soul to Christ, to Reversing the route by which Catholicism had developed say nothing of how to win a nation to Christ? No from primitive Christianity, and primitive Christianity method is right that is not in strict accord with from Judaism, he [Aime Palliere] became step by step the the spirit and teaching of Jesus Christ. Any spiritual contemporary of those great Romans, who, at the method is right that is in strict accord with the time of the coming of Christ, were the proselytes of Israel.

. Almost unconsciously he realized that he had ceased to be spirit of Jesus Christ. My personal method is to a Christian and that he had been conquered by Judaism. seek to educate Jew and Christian. The Christian In this inevitable return journey the new convert seems as must learn what the Jew has and what he does not yet a solitary pilgrim-but this may only seem to be so. have; when we learn that then we must be will- … At last there seems to be a sign that this age-old hope may be realized amid the diverse faiths of the world. ing to give the Jew what he needs – the Gospel, Might not one say that the ancient Messianism of Israel, Jesus himself, and above all, His love. In a counwhich is become the religion of Palliere, is on the way to try like America, where the Gospel has free becoming the religion of humanity? course and where Jews and Christians are in con- Christian Critics stant touch with each other, the Christian should Who are the Christians who criticise mission not leave the work of spreading the Gospel among the Jews to a few converted Jews or professional work among the Jews? Do they accept the Bible, mISSIOnaries. Every church should be a store- Old and New Testament, as the inspired Word of house of Christian knowledge and life for all peo- God? Do they accept Jesus as the Messiah, prom- ple, Jews and Gentiles. Every Christian pastor, ised to Israel and through Israel to the world? indeed every sincere Christian, should be a mis- Do they accept Christianity as a universal reli- sionary to the Jews-not a "proselyter" for his gion that preaches a universal salvation and that particular church or denomination, but a witness answers a universal need? This is the sole basis for Jesus Christ. The Jew must learn that the of mission work among Jews. If the Jew who be- Christian has no other interest except to bring lieves in the Old Testament sees in it a universal Christ to him. Noone wants to force a Jew or mission, is a Christian to see less in his Bible anyone else to be a Christian. No one wants any which has, in addition to Moses and the Prophets, one to give up his race or nationality. No one the New Testament, Jesus and the Apostles? Is wants the Jew to give up anything that is essenthere a single passage in the New Testament that tial to Biblical or national Judaism. All a Chris~ would encourage one to think that the universal tian wants is to enrich the Jew and his religion claim of Christianity excludes the Jew? I heartily by the teachings and life of Jesus Christ, just as recommend to Christians the attitude of men like many thousands of Jews in the past and as many John R. Mott, who is quoted as having said at a thousands of Jews at present are enriched by the meeting of the International Missionary Council: Gospel. When both Jews and Christians learn "Missionary work among the Jews is a duty in that there is no ulterior and unworthy motive spite of all protests." It was refreshing to see back of mission work, that all can only benefit by that when Dr. Mott's remark was termed "ill coming together and contributing to each other, timed" by a Christian (the Rev. Everett R. then criticism will vanish and sincere Jew and Clinchy), a Jewish Rabbi from Chicago, (G. Christian will both be enriched by the Gospel of George Fox), came to Dr. Mott's defense by say- Jesus Christ. ing: "Dr. Mott is simply a good orthodox Chris- tian, who believes with all his might in the words A Missionary's Equipment of his Gospel. And if you turn to Matthew 28: A life yielded to God and controlled by His Spirit.

19-20, you will find what in Christian theology is A restful trust in God for the supply of all needs.

called the 'Great Commission' and which reads: A sympathetic spirit and a willingness to take a lowly 'And Jesus spake: Go ye therefore and teach all place. nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit; teaching Tact in dealing with men and adaptability towards c,ir- cumstances.

Zeal in service and steadfastness in discouragement.

. them to observe whatsoever I have commanded Love for communion with God and for the study of His . you.' . . . I wish we Jews had the faith and the word. loyalty and the zeal of a Dr. Mott. I wish we could muster men who would be willing to conquer Some experience and blessing in the Lord's work at home. A healthy body and a vigorous mind.

-J. Hudson Taylor.

Ways of

I ! crested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I================================~I'~ I OUR MISSIONARY EDUCA- local church. The ultimate objects of for "Coaching Days" held in dis- this endeavor is to sow free literature tricts or zones for the benefit of TION KALEIDOSCOPE throughout the churches, swing the prospective teachers in local mis- congregations into line with mission- sion study groups. "Suzuki As your Department Editor ary education plans, promote reading Looks at Japan" is recommended shifts her interdenominational and mission study classes or circles, this year for all adult groups. kaleidoscope, the brightest mis- cooperate with the pastor in his missionary feature in the home sionary plans, use the church calendar The United Brethren are pubchurch is the annual increase in or bulletin, posters, etc., as means to lishing through their Foreign the number of readers and stu- the main end, hold an annual tea in Mission Society a forty-page dents of home and foreign mis- early autumn to present the new books pamphlet entitled "Our Father's sion literature and the variety and outline plans, make use of insti- Family" in which are thirty-five of devices for making this at- tutes and other interdenominational daily readings for devotional tractive. She has an embarass- study groups and to keep before the periods inclusive of family worment of voluminous contribu- members the special privilege of fur- ship, to familiarize the people tions at hand upon the subject nishing funds for the translation of with affairs in the younger and can give only a few bits literature into other languages. The churches on the overseas fields. from here and there. If your mission study department is furnish- A Scripture reading, a prayer plans for Schools of World ing- the money this year for transla- and a three-quarter page of bio- Friendship are already under- tions into Japanese. "Since every ef- graphical mat t e r concerning way, save these suggestions for fort is worth while, discouragement some missionary character is the the next time. But many of shall not lodge with me," concludes the daily assignment. them are timeless and may be Synodical Secretary of Mission Study. used by program builders as well The American Friends Board as study leaders. A Variety of Plans of Missions holds one-day mis- sionary institutes at which the A leaflet of the Women's Mis- Coaching Conferences are be- morning session is devoted to an sionary Society of the United ing used· by Southe~n' Presby- exhibit of map s, pictures, Lutheran Church says: terian churches to aid mission graphs, data, etc., with speakers study leaders to present their furnishing the interpretations. An imperative obligation to make textbooks in the best possible In the afternoon missionary edudisciples of all men rests upon the way. These gatherings are held cation methods, field problems Church. This obligation cannot be "early enough for the teacher to and "ways and means" discusdischarged without widespread and in- make plans for the class but not sions fill the time. Stereopticon telligent sympathy throughout the too early for her to 'cool off' and pictures are shown in the eve- Church. I believe this can be brought lose enthusiasm." The groups ning. about by systematic missionary edu- are so arranged as to minimize cation. The advantages of a small traveling expenses, delegates be- The Reformed Church in the study class are: (1) Its small size ing further instructed, in some United States majors on miswhich permits expression from each cases, to bring their own lunch- sionary ins t r u c t ion in the member. (2) Its series of meetings eons with the hostfi!sS providing Church School. They don't do in close succession, thus securing the only a hot drink. Some synodi- things by halves. One church cumulative effect of impressions. (3) cals, however, allow a fund in writes that every class in its Its demand for serious study. (4) their budgets to cover confer- school took six weeks of study Its atmosphere of discussion which ence costs. Leaders of vision in the fall and six more in the gives life to the class. The gaining and enthusiasm are chosen. spring, alternating bet wee n of information in a class is not an end in itself but should result in inspira- "Leadership of Mission Study home and foreign missions. Ortion which leads to action. The aim Groups" is the name of a course dinarily straight mission study is: To realize the slogan, "One or used by the Methodist Episcopal takes the place of the regular more mission study classes and read- Church, South, pastors and Sunday School lessons for those ing circles in every missionary society other leaders being familiarized periods. Miss Ruth Heinmiller in the United Lutheran Church." with the current study books and writes in Bulletin No. One of the also the principles and methods The system advocated is that of for teaching them, with a view having a synodical mission study sec- to becoming, in turn, instructors retary working through the conferences and on down through confer- [79 ] ence and congregational secretaries to' similar promotional agencies in the

International Council of Reli- flags and decorations matching loved on both sides of the line, gious Education: the countries. With each ex- writes: hibit was a map showing the The men were reluctant at first location of the stations, and from We set up an exhibit on Friday, about taking it, but after they got this were strung ribbons bear- preferably in a gymnasium or some into the study they didn't want to stop. ing the names of the mission- room with high walls. We decorate They have been writing in asking for aries and dates of their terms of the walls with tapestries, maps, picmore information and especially about service. This material was in- tures, etc. We place on long tables our denominational work. The y tensively used in nine successive all the way around a large, square frankly confessed that they did not services inclusive of Sundays room . . . curios representing the know our denomination was carrying and Wednesdays, with a stereop- home life, agriculture, industries, on so much work. A striking result ticon lecture at each meeting. trade, health conditions, religions, etc., of this study is the fact that this China, Ceylon, India, America, of our different mission fields. We church paid the highest amount of its the Near East, Africa, Japan. have one or two missionaries at each denominational apportionment of any and the Philippines were succes- of the tables representing Korea, church in the Classis for the year. sively featured, plays, pageants, And for the third quarter of this year impersonations and an "around- China, India, Africa, Trinidad and (1933-34) they have paid 100 per the-world sup per," cafeteria Home Missions. They explain the cent! style, adding to the lure of the curios and are ready to answer ques- lectures. Churches within a The Protestant E pis cop a l radius of fifty miles were invited tions. Church has set up series of to these excellent meetings. We invite all the public and high reading courses through its Projects helped to make the plan Woman's Auxiliary, following permanent and practical. A school scholars to visit this exhibit the general plan of the Amer- number of the contributing mis- from two to four, the younger chilican Library Association in its sionaries had mentioned articles dren coming from two to three and "Reading with a Purpose." The they needed for their work. In the high school students and adults chief aim is to develop the mis- response, the Women's Associa- from three to four. Then we close sionary reading habit among tion, the Young People's Socie- the exhibit and bring all those old those not attending study classes. ties and three departments of enough into an auditorium to hear an A line of brief booklets called the Sunday school joined forces address on what missions means and "The Today Series" has been to collect materials and funds to what moves us to carryon the work. brought out, for ins tan c e, meet the needs. Surely the per- Then we divide the audience into "Japan Today." It is amazing manent effect of such an effort groups to go with the missionaries how much interesting informa- justified the great amount of tion can be packed into so small energy expended upon it. into class rooms for conversation and a space. The Lenten season is study. We put a small library on the especial mission study pe- In an isolated mountain region riod of the Episcopalians, its six of North Carolina, a woman liv- each field into the corresponding class weeks being intensively used, ing part way up a mountain did rooms so that the missionary is able even to the taking of Lenten and her bit in starting a missionary to tell the people what is available for Birthday Thank-offerings for loan library, as many as twenty- them to read and study. We put a spreading Christ's Kingdom. five books being called for and very large exhibit into the center of the recipients traveling many the big gymnasium which is sur- The Congregational-Christian miles to get the reading matter! Denomination is very zealous in rounded by tables of curios. A group of rural and village After these discussion groups we missionary education. 0 n e churches in New Jersey united church in Emmetsburg, Iowa, their resources for m iss ion usually have a supper to which leadconsented to be one of twelve study over a period of six weeks, ing workers are invited. Sometimes churches in the state to hold ex- with the result that the partici- we have one supper for young peoperimental "World – Friendship pants were very enthusiastic, ple to which everybody is invited. Institutes" which would bring saying they 'had never had a Sometimes over 200 sit down. The the world to the home church. more enjoyable or profitable time general public likes to come in about Letters telling of the proposed than that spent in this coopera- seven o'clock to see the exhibit. Misinstitute were sent to thirty-nine tive endeavor. sionaries are all in charge and the missionaries widely scattered public is always welcome. Then there over the map, asking for letters, And Away Up in Canada is a big mass meeting beginning at maps, pictures and explanations of their work, the local churches In the International Council eight o'clock. We put ads into the meeting the transportation ex- of Religious Education Bulletin paper and secure extra sp.ace for inpense up to a given limit. The previously mentioned an ac- terviews with missionaries and anresponse from some of those ad- count is given of the marked suc- nouncements of Sunday preaching. dressed was a flood of excellent cess attained in Canada by On Sunday, missionaries and secrematerial, even to a choice collec- "World Missionary Conferences taries preach in all the churches in tion of shells. The material was and Missionary Exhibits." Dr. the city and surrounding country. assembled in a series of booths F. C. Stephenson, a man much representative of the various Then on Sunday afternoon there is an fields, the home material in one International Missionary Rally – a room and the foreign in another, wonderful m e e tin g – with short speeches. On Sunday night, there are speakers in city pulpits. In some churches after-meetings are held, but enough missionaries are free to con- duct the exhibit for an hour after church.

On Monday morning we have a meeting with the ministers. . . . We let them tell us all their troubles and try to help them . . . Also on Mon- day morning our missionaries go to the high school and technical schools, giving short addresses and inviting the young people to come to our ex- hibit, so Monday afternoon is usually a very strenuous one. Usually we have a pageant or play put on by the N"oung people Monday night, preceded by a big supper. By Tuesday the

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

workers and ministers are thoroughly 8. Pantomimes during reading of maintains attendance and interaroused. The day is spent in close-up "East Wind, West Wind." est, Rev. William E. Harmon dework with ministers, official board cided that this was not so much members, Sunday school and young 9. Debate on Unemployment Insur- due to irreligion, irreverance or people's leaders, closing with a big ance (following study of "Christ and the death of spiritual impulses supper at night which is well at- the Modern World"). as to the need for giving "old, tended. Then of course we must fol- eternal truths new habiliments low up with correspondence. We have 10. Address by Negro woman on -a refurbishing and sometimes never put on anything else which is "Changing Racial Attitudes." entirely new clothing." On this quite as satisfactory. thesis he established The Reli- 11. By means of posters, charts and gious Motion Picture Founda- One Plan in Detail scrapbooks, class members presented tion, 140 Nassau St., New York a graphic demonstration of the appli- City, whose very comprehensive The following detailed study cation of Christian principles to some catalog may be obtained free. of one School of WorId Friend- phases of the world's life. War and The expense is very slight and ship is timeless in its principles peace were emphasized the most. precludes any profit for the and its pattern may be used with (Given by guild girls.) Foundation save that of spiritany combination of themes or ual dividends. For communities study books. This schedule was 12. Interracial frieRdship program, without facilities, the Foundavaried from year to year but in by junior and primary children, re- tion offers projectors, screens general remained basic: flecting their class study and using and even the service of an oper- Mexican children, with other partici- ator upon application at the 6: 15, an inexpensive supper. pants costumed to represent children nearest distribution bureau, as 6: 45 to 7: 15, song and devotional of other nationalities. follows: period-a study of great hymns for one topic. 13. From the covers of a book large Beacon Films, Inc., 25 West 45th 7: 15 to 8: 10, study classes, lecture enough to conceal them stepped class St., New York City. method used with adults, in the main. members impersonating doctors and 8: 10 to 8: 45, feature period. nurses whose lives of service were re- Holbrook-Smith Production, 33 West A hymn-sing was used last year to corded in one of the study books. Ex- 60th St., New York City. make profitable the pre-supper period hibit of hospital supplies made by while the people were gathering. class, to be sent away through the Pilgrim Press, 14 Beacon St., Bos- White Cross for mission use. ton, Mass. For the regular suppers, the juniors sometimes prepared at- The closing session of the series one Division of Visual Aids, Presbytractive table favors. Leaflets year featured a Friendship Supper. terian Board of Christian Education, furnished by the national board From large upright hearts in the Witherspoon Building, Philadelphia, of the denomination were also center of each table extended red Pa. placed at each plate at table; and cords to flags of different nations set in accordance with the slogan, at the four corners of the table, to Presbyterian Book Store, 234 Mc- "Read! Share!" the literature express the keynote of the function. Allister St., San Francisco, Calif. was supposed to be read between Beautiful booklets indicating the evesessions and passed on to others ning's theme had been made by the Y. M. C. A. Motion Picture Bureau, who had not been present. juniors and were used as place favors. 347 Madison Ave., New York City, or Girls doing Christian Americaniza- Room 1019 South La Salle St., Chi- The feature periods, following tion work and others having foreign cago, Ill. the class sessions, were of spe- friends brought these as guests of cial interest. .Here are a few il- honor, introducing them to the entire The Japanese Tourist Bureau, lustrations: company, the foreigners giving sen- 551 Fifth Ave., New York City, tences of greeting in their own lan- also furnishes for the cost of 1. Five-minute map drill of Baptist guages, translated into English by carriage only a number of reels stations, using electrified maps of the their friend-hostesses. Appropriate of Japanese pictures of general home and foreign countries studied- music of the nationalities was inter- import and good as background three on each-all given by the same spersed. An original pageant on one material. person to ensure unity and compre- of the study books (Torch-Bearers) hensiveness. furnished the climax of the evening. Pass on the Torch 2. For "atmosphere," an exhibit of Expressional Projects furnish one Pass on the torch, pass on the flame, Indian and Chinese art, pictures, items of the most valuable features of each of home settings, etc., arranged by a School of Missions in this church. Remember whence the glory came; guild girl who gives the explanations. Hospital supplies, showers for mission stations under the direction of a And eyes are on you as you run, 3. Responsive readings on "Along "Shower Lady," presentation of gifts the Indian Trail" and "Lanterns in suitable for use among Indians and Beyond the shining of the sun. Their Hands," given by different in- collected in an Indian drum accorddividuals to present a wealth of facts ing to lists of needs previously ascer- Lord Christ, we take the torch from about the two fields being studied. tained from various stations, offering of money gifts for Chinese missions Thee, 4. "Missions Speaks"-a playlet by (dropping this into a Chinese languild girls advertising denominational tern), and such like outlets for inter- We must be true, we must be free, missionary publications. est and emotion aroused by the studies are always arranged. Can you And clean of heart and strong of soul, 5. Talk by college professor on the imagine children trained thus in sucdevelopment of the Middle West along cessive sessions ever saying, "We To bear the glory to its goal. the line of Indian trails. don't believe in missions?" o Lord of life, to Thee we kneel; 6. "Indian Night"-Indian museum The foregoing excerpts were examined under guidance of "atmos- Maker of men, our purpose seal! phere" chairman. taken from contributions sent to this Department from the First We will, for honor of Thy name, 7. Play, "Two Thousand Miles for a Book," by dramatics class. Baptist Church of Galesburg, Pass on the torch, pass on the flame.

Illinois. -Allen Eastman Cross, in The Presbyterian Magazine. Visual Aids Noting the increasing diffi- culty with which the Church The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~,===–=====~=I~ indifference t 0 ment" is quite in accord with the others, for the re- general subject of p ray e r, moval of bitter- namely "Bear ye one another's burdens and so fulfil the law of ness and e viI Christ" (Gal. 6: 2). The service thoughts fro m is prepared in six main divisions of which the third is "Worship our minds. Through Interpreting the Theme for Life Today" : Almighty God, our LEADER: What would it mean to obey heavenly Fat her, Christ's new commandment in our homes? who didst so love the ASSEMBLY: It would mean that gentle- world as to give Thy ness and courtesy, the will to under- stand, patience and good humor Son to be its light would bless the relationships of husband and wife, parent and child, and life, we would brothers and sisters. Each would share the work of the home, and know the mind of each would share his best gifts of mind and heart for the building of .: ',' our Master concen:- happiness in the home. ing this world of .' …. LEADER: What would it mean to obey Thine. For t his Christ's new commandment in our schools? .'.. -,', . cause we pray in . the words of Thy ASSEMBLY: It would mean that each member of the school community '., ," servant, Paul: "Let could be relied on for school spirit, that gentle manners and careful ." . this mind be in us, consideration for the rights of . .' which was also in others would prevail; and that a desire to fit oneself for service Christ Jesus." Help would replace selfish ambition as the dominant motive in education. . . .. .. us to see the world LEADER: What would it mean to obey as He saw it, to hear Christ's new commandment in the world of business? . " its cry as He heard ASSEMBLY: It would mean that em- ., it, to feel its need as ployers would deal with those who work for them as human beings of He felt it. Give U5 dignity and worth. Equally it would mean that all who are em-· His w 0 rId vision, ployed would give full measure of interest and of energy to the day's His world compas- work, regarding the humblest task as a trust to be fulfilled. sion, His world pur- pose and His wor~d LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our yearning. Forgive us community life?

wherein we h a v e ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the resources of the community would tried to keep His be organized for the well-being of all the citizens. Wholesale recrea- world-gospel to our- tion would be provided, temptations to intemperance and vice removed. selves. G ran t us The work of the community would be justly divided, as well as the re- LET TIns' MIND BE IN YOU singleness of pur- sulting gains. It would not be tol- WHICH WAS ALSO IN CHRIST JESUS pose and strength of will to publish the mind of Jesus for our world; and so bless the endeavors The illustration above is given of Thy servants who proclaim His gracious Gospel, that this our world through the courtesy of the may speedily. and surely be His Woman's Missionary Society of world. In His name. Amen. the General Synod, Reformed Church in the United States. ARTHUR V. CASSELMAN.

This society is in process of be- "A New Commandment"

coming the Woman's Missionary The Service of Worship for Society of the Evangelical and Young People to be used on the first Friday in Lent, Mareh 8, Reformed Church, an evidence 1935, the World Day of Prayer that "the mind" of Christ Jesus for Missions, was prepared by Miss Marjorie Trotter of Canfor unity is at work in the hearts ada at the request of the Interand minds of His followers. Board Committee, Woman's Mis- The illustration, symbolizing the sionary Societies of Canada. The theme "A New Commandfamily with the child in the midst, is the cover of a year's calendar of prayers. These prayers ask forgiveness for [ 82]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

erated that a few should amass for- Blackfeet fro m the CONCERNING ORIENTALS tunes while the many suffered want. Winnebagoes. The i r IN AMERICAN LIFE LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment among homes, the i r lan- the nations? guages, their ways of ASSEMBLY: It would mean that the nations would gladly create inter- living, are not the national forces to regulate the world's trade for the benefit of the same." peoples of the world. It would mean that instead of throwing their 2. "I like to be strength into the race in armaments nations would throw their strength known as an Indian on into the World Court and League of Nations, that these might become the reservation," said effective instruments of world peace. It would mean trying to understand a Chippewa girl in St. the differences between races and peoples and giving each a chance to Paul, "but not in the make its distinctive contribution to- ward the enriching of the common city. If I told my em- life. ployer I was one, he LEADER: What would it mean to obey Christ's new commandment in our would think that I was personal lives? not capable and I ASSEMBLY: It would mean refusing to cherish resentment or bear a should lose my posi- grudge; it would mean looking for the best in other people; it would tion." mean studying and supporting the movements looking toward peace 3. Edward S w i c k and a new society; it would mean asking for God's help from day to (Wintermoon), in re- day in order to show forth the spirit of love in every situation. porting to Indian stu- Price, 2 cents; $1.50 per hundred. Order dents his participation from your denominational headquarters, or 105 East 22d Street, New York City. in the recent Meth- NEWS FLASH FROM odist Episcopal "cov- WALES ered wagon" journey Rev. Watcyn M. Price, of from Boston to Salem, Wrexham, Wales, wrote to the editor expressing his apprecia- Oregon, told of mistion of this Bulletin and reported that "The Presbyterian Church understandings of the of Wales will join with yourselves in the observance of the American I n d ian. World Day of Prayer (March 8)" and that in previous years Sometimes hew a s "wonderful prayer meetings up and down the land have been named "alien"; many held." were surprised that he INDIAN AMERICAN YOUTH spoke English; a boy "TRANSPLANTED" TODAY in New York City re- Haruko and Sabura-from "Rainbow Bridge" What Indian American young fused to shake hands (For junior children's reading, by Florence Crannell Means) people recognize as their own problems: with him "for he be- 1. Haskell student: "We In- lieved me not to be an Indian, DEAR READER: Haruko and dians are not all alike, any more than you white people are. The for he thought all Indians used Saburo are Americans. They Dutch are different from the paint and feathers." Winter- ask, Now that you have prob- Swedes, the Russians from the moon said, "It is the duty of the French. In the same way, the Indian to relate the analysis of ably studied about them in the Dakota Indians are different the characteristics of the Indian books on Japan and about Orienfrom the Chippewas, the Nava- tals in American Life, recently jos from the Cherokees, and the to the so-called Americans so published by the Missionary that they may readily under- Education Movement, what have stand us, that they may heed to you yourself done about it? our call, to our needs in this What has your missionary so- complicated world."

4. Ataloa of Bacone College, ciety done? Are they now for- Muskogee, Oklahoma, in ad- gotten? Or have you as fellow dressing Indian youth, said, citizens written to the President "We need religious leadership, of the U. S. A. expressing your motivated by the teachings of conviction as to the urgent need Christ, that will prove a new to secure new legislation and im- migration quota for Orientals, faith can minister to every comparable to that granted to phase of Indian experience and other new Americans? If you relationship with the same vi- tality as the old religions. . . . But without spiritual guidance, have not done it, please take the training, and unselfish devotion. lead in having your society think, Indian youth will fail in meet- pray, act now "for their sakes"

ing the challenge." and also as an immediate way "Trained leadership is the to do your part to maintain only answer to these problems. This means education where one world peace in the Pacific Area. may learn to 'share a life as well Sincerely yours, as make a living.' " THE EDITOR.

Europe where the lamp of truth once government. Later editions

the lurid tale were published to Principles that Unite Nations burned brightly. It is possible for help the Russian secret police fo- ment anti-Semitic agitation. The Universal Christian Coun- America to cease to be a Christian cil for Life and Work is looked country. . Bernstein's statement was upon by some as a world federa- confirmed by the lawyers for the tion of churches in the making. It is high time for us to awake to Berne plaintiffs who declared The younger churches in the Ori- that "The Protocols" were origent have been represented in our opportunities and responsibilities. inally based on an essay written meetings of the Council, and are in 1864 by Maurice J oly, a expected to form a fifth section We cannot play fast and loose with French author, called "A Diaof the world organization which logue in Hades Between Machinow has four active sections our obligations,and expect to trans- avellie and Montesquieu." made up of Eastern Orthodox, British, Continental and Ameri- mit to the coming generation a virile, -The Litery Digest. can. The Oriental Protestant churches are closely related redemptive Gospel. Every Christian World Wide D. V. B. S, through the International Missionary Council, which has as should pause and ask, What is Amer- Rev. Robert G. Boville, foundconstituent bodies the various er of the Daily Vacation Bible National Christian Councils. ica's testimony to the Christian faith? Schools, reports that during the The fundamental idea of the past year there had been held Universal Christian Council is What is the testimony of the Govern- 3,307 vacation Bible schools in that common service and con- the different countries of the paduct based on Christian prin- ment? of the college? of the church? gan world, having 13,911 teachciples, will draw together even ers, and 173,421 pupils. In the such bodies as theologically dif- of myself? What sacrifices are you United States in 1933 there were fer in some points. The Council 14,829 schools, with a total enhas its head office in Geneva. making for the fulfilment of Christ's rolment of 1,290,460. It was un- der the administration of Mr. Re-thinking Loyalty promise that the time will come when Boville that this movement was started by the New York City The Presbytery of Pittsburgh throughout the whole world "every Mission Society and it has grown has sent out a call "to the task to world-wide proportions. of re-thinking loyalty to Christ knee should bow and every tongue and His Church." Some of its -Watchman-Examiner. pargraphs are the following: should confess that Jesus Christ is NORTH AMERICA It is impossible to escape the im- Lord, to the glory of God the Father. plication that if we are disciples of "Everyman's Offering" Christ we must follow where He leads. "Protocols of Zion" a Fake He goes before us and it is ours to U n de r the leadership of follow. It is not a debatable question The "Protocols of the Elders Charles P. Taft II of Cincinnati whether we shall go where He leads. of Zion," an anti-Semitic book an emergency gift was gathered published in Russia in 1905, by by a committee of Episcopal lay- In recent times the followers of Sergei Nilus, is a fantastic story men, and called "Everyman's Christ seem to have lost the sense of of an alleged Jewish conspiracy Offering." The object was to direction. The chill of the outside to overthrow Christianity and to avert the threatened heavy cut world has come into the church and dominatEY the world. These docu- in missionary appropriations of we have passed the torch of mission- ments have been declared forg- the Protestant E pis c o· p a I ary enthusiasm to other hands. Chris- eries, copied from an old book, Church. Making its appeal to tians confess to the lack of the driving and the Union of Jewish Com- the men of the Church, in eight power of a great passion for the cause munities in Switzerland have months this offering amounted of the Christian faith which alone can brought suit for libel to end for- to $251,000. More than 1,200,- redeem and save our people. The ever the gruesome tale which 000 pieces of literature were lives of Christians are the real ob- has plagued Jews for sixty sent out and thousands of indistacle to the progress of the Gospel in years. viduals were personally solicited. our generation. The "Protocols" were re-pub- Christianity was driven from North lished in London in 1920 under Africa and from parts of Asia and the title "A Jewish Peril" and were discredited in 1921 by Her- man Bernstein. In a booklet called "the History of a Lie," he traces the documents to a novel published in Germany by Her- man Goedische, writing under the pen-name of Sir John Ret- cliffe. An excerpt from this book was published in 1872 un- der the title, "The Jewish C-eme- tery in Prague and the Council of the Representatives of the Twelve Tribes of Israel," which recited the story of bearded J ew- ish elders conspiring, in a ceme- tery, to overthrow Christendom and to set up a Jewish universal [84 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Among the startling f act s only institution of its kind in the LATIN AMERICA brought up by this dragnet was northeastern section of the Unitthat three-fourths of the church ed States. The ex-slave is Dr. Reactions in Mexico membership were making no Walter H. Brooks, pastor of the regular contribution to missions. Nineteenth S t r e e t Baptist Rev. Clarence Neff, of Guad- Church of Washington, D. C. alajara, Mexico, declares that Some observers believe that He entered Lincoln University only a movie camera can portray this movement may take perma- in 1866 when only a few years conditions in that country, so nent form in organized local out of bondage. He is now 83 rap i d I y does the situation groups of mission-minded men. years old, and has been a pastor change. "Far from being a time in Washington for over 50 years. to give up and retire from the -The Christian Advocate. field," says Mr. Neff, "this would A letter from Dr. Brooks to seem to be one of those crises Churches Sold for Debt the president offhe University which challenge the reality and recalled a gift of $500 he had resources of our Christian reli- Dr. F. W. Mueller, superin- received from the Presbyterian gion." tendent of church extension for Board of Education in Pittsthe Methodist Board, reported burgh when he was a student. The Congregational Church at at the annual meeting, Novem- Dr. Brooks wrote further: Hermosillo was taken over by ber 20, that thirty Methodist the Government as a social cenchurches had been sold by the I can never return the favor in ter. Instead of crushing their sheriff during the depression, mere dollars and cents. But today, spirit this seems to spur the and that about 400 others were for the first time in my life, I am able workers on to new endeavor. At in a critical condition. About to draw a check for $1,000 and have Matzatlan, where the clergy are 5,000 of the 20,000 churches of a hundred or two left to my account, put on a quota, a progressive the denomination had debt prob- only a hundred or two, however. program of social action serving lems, he said, and the interest on the community has been pushed. church property debts "exceeds "Peyote Christians" For services the churches join the amount given by the entire together with the Baptists whose church for world service." In Rev. F. C. Patterson, writing pastor has a permit to officiate. each case, Dr. Mueller said, a in the Woman's Missionary Mag- The English Forum and the Inmodest loan would save the day. azine of the deep spiritual need ternational Club are growing of our American Indians, tells concerns. Professional and busi- Anti-Alcohol Education why it is difficult to win "Peyote ness men, both Catholic and Christians." Most of this group Protestant, discuss questions of The 60th anniversary conven- were nominal Christians before general interest in a new Spantion of the W. C. T. U. held in joining the cult; in fact, they ish-speaking group. Cleveland, Ohio, November 10- claim it is a Christi,an church, 15, climaxed in the launching of organized in Oklahoma as "Na- Instituto Colon, a Congregaa five-point, five-year, $500,000 tive American Church." Their tional school, has been unable to program, to culminate in 1939, distinctive characteristic is the meet expenses and has closed the centenary of the birth of use of the narcotic-drug, "pey- but the Colegio Internacional is Frances Willard, and at once to ote" as the Bread in the Holy still functioning. embrace a nation-wide plan of Communion. They hold their education for youth and adults, meetings only when they have a -American Board News. along with unwavering cham- supply of this drug. It keeps pionship of legislation looking them awake for 24 hours, so they Work with Mexican Troops toward the goal of national ab- usually start their meetings on olition of the liquor traffic. Saturday evening and the effect N. W. Taylor is evangelizing of the drug continues through Mexican soldiers who occupy Mrs. Ida B. Wise Smith was the Sabbath. This drug enlarges roadside camps; and has met a reelected national president. the retina of the eye and causes cordial response. Week after The next world's convention will them to see wonde.rful color ef- week this work has gone on. be held in the United States, fects. They think of these color Four regiments have been visprobably in 1937. effects as visions of Christ and ited in their barracks and two claim the drug is the Holy Spirit hundred and seventy-five New Ex-Slave Gives $1,000 revealing the truth to them di- Testaments and 150 Bibles have rectly so that they do not need been sold to soldiers. Many of- With an initial gift of $1,000 to read the Bible. ficers, and between eight and from a former Negro slave, a nine hundred soldiers have taknation-wide movement has been The thing was started by a en a stand for Christ before launched to raise $400,000 for government agent in order to their comrades. the expansion and improvement profit from the sale of the drug. of Lincoln University near Ox- The government is now handi- In one meeting a major gathford, Pa. This is a pioneer liber- capped in legislating against it ered 45 soldiers, their wives and al arts college and theological because the Indians cry "reli- children who drank in every seminary for Negro young men, gious persecution," and all argu- word, and showed much interest founded 80 years ago, and the ment is useless. in the chart explanation of the Gospel. The major, looking up

the references, would occasional- cate Rev. Irven Paul of Chile to London October 2, Prof. Duncan ly say to the company with a such a continent-wide service W. Blair declared that there is nod, "Yes, here it is, just as he u n d e r the auspices of the no more strategic field of evansays." When the invitation was World's Sunday School Associa- gelistic effort than the universigiven one of the first to raise his tion, and it is confidently ex- ties of the world, because stuhand was this major. pected that the way will be clear dents are required to assimilate for the inauguration of this new a constantly growing mass of in'- At Managua, Nicaragua service early this year. formation. Representatives from several universities reported up- In twelve years the Baptist The first national Sunday on the witness borne by the Church at Managua, has in- School Convention ever held in Christian Unions in the univercreased from less than 100 to Colombia is reported a pro- sities. 500, and the Sunday school from nounced succeSf!. It was held in an average attendance of 75 to Bogata and the' attendance was One speaker told of a tour in more than 400. The church has representative. This new I y Hungary, in which he met an igtwo branch Sunday schools. Al- formed organization desires to norance of the Word of God though the members are all very b e com e affiliated with the which is almost incredible, and poor, $12,000 has been contrib- World's Sunday School Associa- of hunger for the Word. He inuted to the work. The church tion. stanced cases of students standis planning to enlarge the chapel ing firmly for Christ, although and has a fund of more than To Evangelize Argentine Jews lonely and suffering dire pover- $5,000 toward a church building. ty. The Hebrew Christian Alli- Miss Mary Mills, Baptist mis- ance of America plans to send The President of the Fellowsionary, writes that 533 boys Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Glass to ship, Dr. T. W. Gilbert, said that and girls are receiving a Chris- inaugurate work among the the movement is the most steadytian education. We have in our 150,000 Jews of Argentina if the ing influence he has known, and employ at Managua eighteen necessary funds are obtained. that its members are character- Nicaraguan teachers of whom There is a great field in Buenos ized by a devotion to the Lord, eight are Christian and four oth- Aires alone, a city of over 2,000,- and strong conservative views, ers are very sympathetic toward 000 people with 90,000 Jews for which result in clear testimony the Gospel. Last spring Don Is- whom little Christian work has and simple faith. Some of the mael Garcia, pastor at Santa ever been, done. ablest men of the day were Ana, who is counted one of the among their ranks. best evangelists in Latin Ameri- -Christian Approach to Jews. ca, conducted services in our -The Christian. church. Nearly every night the Baptistqrowth in Brazil building was crowded, and Fifteen Years in Belgium eighty-five accepted Christ. They Dr. arid Mrs. W. Bagby, are now in the candidates class. Southern Baptist missionaries A review of the work of the A Mr. Hamilton, Moravian mis- in Brazil, have seen the Baptist Belgian Gospel Mission has an sionary, is pastor of a church on Church in that country grow especial interest since the Homethe east coast of Nicaragua from 2 to 50,000 in fifty years. going of its founder, Ralph C. which has a membership of more There are Baptist churches in Norton. Mr. Vansteenberghe, than 800. every state of Brazil; in all, 490 who has been with the mission churches, 1,214 pre a chi n g since its beginning, surveys this -Watchman-Examiner. points, 42,000 members, 718 work for the Sunday School Sunday schools, 226 young peo- Times. Sunday Schools in South ple's unions, 400 women's soci- America eties, two seminaries, two train- In fifteen years the Belgian Gospel ing schools, two colleges, four Mission has grown into a work whose Since the World's Sunday academies, forty-eight primary branches reach from frontier to fron- School Convention in Rio de J a- schools, a publishing house, a tier. 'Through the tents or other neiro, much thought has been home mission boa:r:d with work means the battle line against the force given to the need for a general among the emigrants, Indians, of the enemy has been stretched out worker for religious education and in the far interior, a For- until today we have posts north, south, in the Spanish-speaking coun- eign Mission Board with work in east and west in this land. In all tries of South America. Brazil, Portugal. these places the Gospel is preached which speaks Portuguese, is well regularly, and all exercise their incared for under the leadership – Watchman-Examiner. fluence in a certain radius. Homes of Rodolfo Anders, Secretary of where meetings are now being held the Brazil Council of Religious EUROPE may become in the near future centers Education. Recently the Board of established work; in all, there are of Foreign Missions of the Pres- Inter-Varsity Fellowship 60 points where regular services, are byterian Church, U. S. A., an- on the way. nounced its willingness to allo- At the fourth annual meeting of the Inter-Varsity Fellowship The Mission did not escape the de- of Evangelical Unions, held in pression unscathed. At the beginning of summer no money was available for tent work, but the Lord made pro- vision, and since July 1 both tents have been out, and now at the end of July the French tent is at the end of its second series of meetings, while

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

the Flemish tent is in the middle of thirty-one me m be r s and a reading it, but he continued to its third campaign. We have been do so, in company with some of church membership of 3,000. his friends; the more they read, working in new territory as far as , At the 116th annual meeting the tents are concerned. of the Methodist Board of For- the more they were dissatisfied eign Missions, held at 150 Fifth The 'original church in Brus- with the Church as they found sels decided last year that it Avenue, New York City, Novem- it. Kwasniuk and his friends could be self-supporting, which ber 21,23 attended by nearly a sought out the American preach- hundred per cent of the 115 min- ers in Kolomea, and as a result means voluntary gifts amount- congregations came into being ing to at least $3,300 annually. isterial and lay managers, it was Church Life in Germany voted to unite with the Synod of in both villages. The movement the Methodist Church in Italy, spread with great rapidity, and From the International Chris- which is under the jurisdiction is still spreading. Groups of tian Press, Geneva, we find evi- of the British Methodist Church. evangelical Christians sprang up This merger, when consum- in village after village. In the dence that in Germany the mated, will give Italy a stronger beginnings of a new church life Methodism and strengthen the neighboring town of Stanislau the movement was organized on are to be perceived. The number evangelical forces. of people who have come back -The Christian Advocate. Lutheran lines; in the neighbor- hood of Kolomea it retained a to the Evangelical Church indi- strong Reformed character. One cates that the movement towards Czechoslovakia Church or two Greek Catholic priests the Church has by no means Independent and a number of theological stureached its limit. In Berlin dents identified themselves with alone, in 1933, some 63,815 I?eo- Czechoslovakia c h u r c h e s the movement. Lutheran and pIe j 0 i ned the EvangelIcal ceased last year to receive any Church as compared with 4,272 Reformed branches' have allotted in the preceding year. Similarly, financial aid from the American to each other specific spheres of Board, and thus a connection of labor, to prevent all clashing and the number of communicants sixty-two years was finally sev- competition; their relations are amounted to 259,737, out of a ered. Dr. James L. Barton most cordial. total of 301,975. That wide cir- writes that it was his privilege In Poland the law requires cles of people are ready to take to visit a large number of the that a change of religion can part in parish life is proved by churches in Austria in 1909 in only be made after certain legal a number of facts, among them, company with Dr. John Porter, preliminaries, w h i c h require the deliberate renunciation of whose cordial and sympathetic three months for their accomhome baptism in favor of con- relations with pastors and lead- plishment. The cost including gregational baptism w h i c h that of securing from the priest ers was evident everywhere. He seems to be taking place to an was manifestly honored and a birth-certificate, amounts to increasing extent. Another cus- loved by all who knew him; he tom which had largely gone out had the happy faculty of giving about five American dollars, about one month's wages for a of use, according to which a be- able and constructive assistance peasant. Children between the to the evangelical movement trothed couple is present at the without seeming to dominate. ages of six and fourteen may not service at which their banns are change their faith, even though published, is be i n g resumed Dr. Porter celebrated his sev- their parents do so, but must entieth birthday last May. Leadmore and more. With the pres- continue to receive in the schools ers throughout the entire field religious education from the ence of the betrothed couple in joined in urging him, when his the midst of the interceding con- Church to which they have pregregation, the publication of active service came to an end, to viously belonged. In spite of banns has regained its earlier remain with them as long as he these facts some 4,000 persons lives. -Missionary Herald. have officially made the transfer church significance. In order to bring the pastor into closer con- to the Reformed Church, and about the same number to the tact with his congregation, an Revival in Poland Lutherans. -Rev. W. T. Elmslie, Leeds, order has been enacted in Thiir- Reference has been made to ingen relating to pastoral visits. the revival among Ukrainian Eng. peasants of southern Pol~nd. It has become the duty of the Nine years ago some AmerIcan Soviet Children Ukrainian Protestant preachers pastor to make at least ten house held services in Kolomea. The Differences in the mental outvisits during the week, and to enter them in a special book.

Italian Methodists Reorganize news came to a village some ten look of children in France and miles away where was a peasant, of those reared under a commu- Methodist work in Italy, after Roman Kwasniuk, during the nist regime were shown in the sixty-two years, is to be reor- war a prisoner in Siberia. There answers to questionnaires ad- ganized in view of the cha!l~ed he had learned to read the Bible, dressed to both French and Sovpolitical situation and the rIsmg which he brought back with him iet children from 11 to 15 years tides of Italian nationalism. to his native village. He was of age and from families of Italy Annual Conference has discouraged by the priest from widely varying circumstances.

A question on what was their U n i a t Christians. Between From Spanish Guinea ideal in life brought from Cairo and the Mediterranean, French children such answers among 6,000,000 people, there Rev. Joseph McNeill, an as: "To be rich"; "To have a are only about 2,000 Christians. American Presbyterian missionbicycle"; "To travel"; "to be an Many social and educational readmiral"; "To read books with forms are being promoted in ary, writes from Rio Benito, of happy endings." Soviet young- Egypt, but there are powerful missionary triumphs and dissters gave such answers as: "To elements which view with appre- couragements. During a comoverthrow capitalism and build hension any weakening of the socialism" ; "To be like Voro- traditional Moslem position and munion season he summoned the shiloff [Defense Minister]" ; prestige. -Moslem World. twelve catechists and said: "I "To study to be outstanding in am going to write to friends in sport." Egyptian Women in Public . America who have helped us The question, "What do you Life with gifts. Tell me what was know about God?" brought from French children views ranging Many women of Egypt stepped done with some of them." from pantheism to the opinion from their homes into public life He was a bearded old man who during the first years following One reported: "At Christmas had perhaps died. Soviet chil- the World War, according to dren unfaltering declared that Madame Khayat, of Cairo, who we gave a feast and fed 70 peo- God was an invention of priests. is in touch with many young ple. Some marveled when we women through her program of Both Soviet and French chil- social work in Cairo. She points gave preference to widows and dren exhibited a low opinion of out that with only fifteen years orphans. We told of the wonthe League of Nations, some of emancipation Egyptian wom- French boys considering it a so- en have reached the front ranks derfullove of Christ that softens ciety of old gentlemen trying to of public and professional en- us toward the needy." prevent war, and Soviet lads re- deavor without having the long garding it as a weak organiza- years of work in schools, fac- "And I," said another, "I tion that "merely talks while we tories and business, which wombuild socialism." Asked what en of the western world experi- found a poor, sick woman with they would do if head of the enced before they were able to no one to care for her and gave Soviet State, Russian children's break into higher fields. answers were such as: "Develop her a cloth. She said, '0 my the waste parts of the Soviet -Yo W. C. A. News. friend, that chicken you used to Union and improve living condi- see running around my yard tions"; "Build new houses and Ethiopia's Forward Look finish the subway"; "Destroy died; I have nothing to give you class distinctions." The Psalmist's pro ph e c y, "Ethiopia shall soon stretch out in return for this.' " -New York Times. her hands unto God," now printed on Abyssinia's corona- "There is a poor albino woman AFRICA tion postage stamps, seems in process of fulfilment. Fifteen in my town," said another. "She Egypt's Recent Progress missionaries have been commis- wanted to come to communion sioned by the Bible Churchmen's Egypt is not yet emancipated Missionary Society, some of service and had nothing to wear. religiously, and constant dis- whom have already settled in So I gave the dress to her, and putes arise on the question of Abyssinia. Schools are opening, what do you think? She came, liberty of conscience and teach- printing presses are at work, ing. There are over 400 mis- contact with the outside world is but had no money for the consionaries and nearly 30 societies established, the circulation of tribution, so offered to give the in the country. Forty per cent Scripture in the modern lanof the missionary force is in guage of Ethiopia is going for- dress for the Lord's work. The Cairo, but there are some 300 ward. Ras Kassa, trusted coun- pastor felt she needed that dress centers of work. Much evangel- cilor of the Emperor, has asked and now she is trying to find ism has been carried on among the Society to supply physicians the Copts since 1859, and a very and teachers for a center which something from her garden to large part of the Protestant is being built seventy miles north meet her pledge." Church is built up from among of the capital; and the Governor them~ In 1927 out of the popu- of Chercher has opened the way Mr. McNeill tersely sums up lation of 13,000,000 there were for work among the Islamized the advances of the year: nearly a million Coptic Chris- Abyssinians east of the capital. tians, 66,000 Protestants and A Year Ago Today 117,000 Roman Catholics and -So S. Times. Slow transportation ……. .A Ford truck. No church in the interior •.Mengo Church or· ganized. No trained native workers ..One native pastor, four t r a i ned Catechists. No village schools ……….One station school and twelve vii· lage schools. Lethargy of Beach Churches .Five outposts sup- ported. Okak barriers ………….Fifteen Okak con· verts.

Clouds Still Looming Heavy Catholic opposition ………Greatly increased. Scant white personnel ……Doctor and teacher still lacking.

In Madagascar Members and adherents' of the church founded by the L. M. S. in Madagascar number 250,- 000, the next largest total being that in India where the figure is 188,000. There are 747 Sunday schools on the island, with 38,-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

000 children attending them. The scorpion's nest in Izmir, the the work of the churches has Training in Sunday s c h 001 American college, is closed. The build- been put on the project basis, methods is included in the the- ing in which the priests' black spirit each enterprise being obliged to ological seminary at Tananarive, had permeated is now overcome by the commend itself to the judgment the capital. red color of the Turkish culture. The of a mixed group of appraisers year before last the American college before funds are allocated. In the Betsileo Pro v inc e, at Sivas had been closed. Can a scorwhere there has been a center pion's nest exist in the place where the Kennedy Memorial Hospital of the L. M. S. for over 60 years, Ghazi had opened his congress for the in Tripoli for the first time last there are six central stations, liberation of Turkey? Is it certain year received an income equal to 259 outstations, and about 45,- that during the coming school year expenditures. T his released 000 people ass 0 cia ted with many of the foreign schools in Istan- most of its appropriation for the churches as members or adher- bul and the Tarsus college will be development of pioneer medical ents. Here, also, is a small the- closed? Those parents who send their work in another section. It is ological school. The vernacular children to such schools will suffer for hoped that this condition may press of the island is almost en- their crime. Izmir is silenced. Tarsus continue. tirely Christian. closes its accounts at the new year. In its report sent to America, the col- Another advance is the in- -The Chronicle.· lege states that unless help is sent, it creasing opportunity for young cannot continue for more than four Christians to express their new WESTERN ASIA months. Istanbul colleges do their life in voluntary service to their best in the way of propaganda, to own people. This is furthered Turkey Bans Clerical Garb catch in their net the ignorant, to get by the changed status of women. money. But it is all vain. Sooner or Girls from the Junior College Mustafa Kemal's government later they'll have to lock their doors, have for three successive sumin Turkey has been conducting a and put a signboard on the buildings mers gone into villages where determined campaign to break that they are for rent. . . . the people are living in unbethe power of the Mohammedan lievable ignorance, poverty and priesthood. Its resistance has See how happy the Turkish child is disease; have camped near the led to a series of repressive at Izmir. See! the winds blow over village and entered into its life; measures, one being a decree the place where the school used to be. have gathered the children, forbidding ministers to appear Come, 0 Turkish youth! Make your teaching them cleanliness, hyin public in cleric attire. Civil- vow that all foreign schools in Istan- giene and religion. ian clothes must be worn on all bul shall sell their goods at auction occasians except when actually and all the "doctors," "madams," -Women and Missions. attending religious ceremonies. "messieurs" and the "soeurs" shall The decision applies alike to the take their passports and go to the land Forward Looking Persia Moslem, Orthodox, Armenian, of Hottentots. Catholic, Protestant and Jewish September 25, 1934, the Shah clergy. Church of the Martyrs of Persia issued a decree sup- pressing the wearing of veils by Two Mosques Become Cultural This church in Aleppo cele- Persian women. The action is Centers brated its third anniversary Sep- similar to that taken by Mus- tember 23. It has been self- tapha Kemal in dec r e e in g A decline in Mohammedan supporting from its start. The greater freedom for Turkish worship in Turkey is indicated congregation meets in the outer women. This will mean little to by the transformation of the an- court of a home which contains the young school girls who have cient mosque, Aya Sophia in no room large enough for it. In never worn a veil. One of the Ista~bul, into a museum for summer, it shifts from one side leaders of what might be called Byzantine art. The Sultan Ah- to the other to keep in the shade, the feminist movement in Persia met mosque, situated in the same and in winter lowers a curtain has frequently said : "We are square, will be transformed into to keep out the cold. working for the lifting of the a public library. The first was, veil of ignorance and superstifor more than 900 years, the The church committee is a tion. The removal of the chudgreatest Christian Church on typical group of Armenians who dar is of no great importance." earth, and for 480 years the have made good, though heavily greatest Mohammedan mosque handicapped as strangers in a Other laws have been enacted on earth. The latter mosque was strange land. In the group is a within the past two years giving considered the most beautiful pedlar, a hardware merchant, an women more protection and one in the world. editor, a doctor, a pharmacist greater freedom. The age of and one woman member. marriage has been raised; di- -United Presbyterian. vorce laws now give women -Missionary Herald. equal rights with men; before Turkish Irony marrying an additional wife, the Growth of Syria Missions husband must inform all the The Turkish periodical, Bir- women concerned. Women have lik, thus expresses satisfaction Among significant develop- entered business and governover the closing of an American ments in Syria two stand out; ment positions. In addition the Christian College: one is the accomplishment of self-support on the part of two Presbyterian medical institu- tions, the Hamlin Memorial San- atorium and the Kennedy Me- morial Hospital; and the long stride toward self-support on the part of the Syrian Church. All

"Red Lion and Sun" (Red friends and neighbors waiting heard of occurrence, as caste Cross), there are a number of for his death that they might conversions have been rare inother societies, one for fallen take him to the cemetery. When deed. Short courses of study women; others educational, in- he rallied somewhat, and they have been offered these converts, cluding two schools for adult left, she sent word that as her and their response shows the women and a reading room. friends would not permit a keen interest they have in learn- Christian funeral after his death, ing the real meaning of their de- -Women and Missions. would it not be possible to have cision. the funeral before he died. The Persian Medical Advances request was so earnestly desired Conversion of 8,078 people in that it was impossible to refuse. one week was the result of Evan- Leaders in Persia are "sold" Following the prayer meeting a gelistic Week in May, when on modern therapy, and are group of Christians crowded 2,693 villages were visited by planning many things; among into the little room where he lay Christian evangelists, 3,674 servthem, the construction of many dying and the sentences and ices were held, and 12,000 peonew hospitals. None of these Scripture portions recommended ple took part in witnessing to approaches in magnitude or for use at funerals were read. Christ. magnificence the group of new It was surprising how fitting buildings now completed at and helpful these verses were to Christians in the d i 0 c e s e Meshed. A tho usa n d men the situation, and while the com- raised 12,000 rupees toward seworked daily, rushing this task mitment service was not read, curing an assistant bishop, and to completion in time for dedica- the remainder of it was com- toward a new cathedral. In the tion of the buildings by His Maj- pleted without the slightest sense Council there was no thought of esty Reza Shah Pahlavi at his of impropriety. curtailing the work, or even a visit in the autumn. With its mention of it, although some 300 Iron beds, its own electric INDIA salary cuts were made. lighting plant, its steam heating system, this array of twelve or A Grievance Removed -The Living Church. fourteen beautiful buildings stands in sharpest contrast to A long-standing grievance of Wanless Tuberculosis the old buildings of this same Christian converts has been that Sanitorium hospital twenty years ago-then in the public courts and records dark and ill-kept, without any villagers of the backward classes The Wanless Tuberculosis modern features whatever. who had been converted to Sanitorium at Miraj, which has Christianity were still entered been functioning since 1931, was The Sacred Shrine possesses as bhangis and chamars. The formally opened October 24. great wealth, poured into its Indian Christian Association coffers by successive waves of brought the matter to the atten- "How was the Sanitorium pilgrims through hundreds of tion of Sir Malcolm Hailey, Gov- built in these days of depresyears. Its resources are now ernor of the United Provinces of sion?" is a question frequently being utilized by the present Agra and Oudh, with the result asked. Miraj Hospital bought progressive ruler of Persia for that all officials have been in- the land, 105 acres; friends the support of modern schools, structed to record those who from Bombay Presidency subthe work for lepers, this new have been converted to Chris- scribed liberally, and wealthy hospital plant, and other projects tianity as Christians. This ac- people have given large donafor the benefit and relief of the tion on the part of the Govern- tions. During 1933, Rs. 15,000 pilgrims, and the 2,000,000 peo- ment is greatly appreciated by were received from a Hindu ple of Khorasan. That pioneer Christians of the backward Bombay broker for a new x"ray; Christian hospitals have been a classes, and also by those who and Rs. 50,000 from a Jain major factor in stimulating this are working for and among Trust Fund for new buildings. medical advance throughout Per- them. -The Indian Witness. The former came as the result sia there can be no doubt. of a promise made to Dr. Wan- Three Years in Dornakal less in 1930; the latter through His Own Funeral the influence of a patient who Encouraging reports were re- was connected with the Trust A Christian convert in Persia, vealed at the Dornakal Diocesan Fund. During the past year whose faith had sustained him Council which met October 4. there has been added to the Sanithrough his long and hopeless Since the last meeting of the torium one new general ward, a illness, faced the end with per- Council three years ago, 35,494 guest house, a clinical building fect confidence. Some days be- new Christian converts have housing the new X-ray, an operfore his death, his wife, a Mos- been baptized in the diocese of ating room, clinical laboratory lem, came asking that they Dornakal. Last year nearly and examining rooms, a 15 H. P. might have a Christian funeral, 1,000 Sudras were converted engine and building to house the to which assent was gladly given. and baptized, hitherto an un- same, six new cottages contain- But when the end drew near she ing eight beds and an endowsaw the yard filling with Moslem ment of Rs. 10,000. The goal is 125 beds. -Dnyanodaya.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Javanese Converts at Delhi New Life in Siam "When we arrived in China pon Four Javanese young men, in- There has been a year of prog- ~ there was not a single mile of ress in Prae, Siam. The Presby- railroad operating anywhere in terested .in Scout work, were terian Church in that city has the land. Railroads are now members of a party which set launched out, with faith, on a measured by thousands of miles out on a world tour from Java plan of complete self-support. and include several trunk lines, to study education and political They have promised to support with others planned or under questions. They were Moham- their pastor and carryon all construction; well-built motor medans, but in Delhi they came their activities without any help roads are being opened almost in touch with Christ through from America. An ordained every month, bus service is be- servants of His in the Scout man from southern Siam, who is ing extended and airplane routes Movement, and in the missions. now resident in Prae, has given have been opened. Flour was After earnest study they pro- much time in volunteer service, ground by cow power and the fessed conversion, and were bap- and through special meetings product quite unprotected from tized in the Free Church at a and intensive evangelistic ef- dust raised by the animal's feet beautiful and memorable serv- fort under the power of the as it pursued its weary circuit. ice. They then decided to re- Holy Spirit, has been instru- Splendid flour mills with the turn to Java, to join with one of mental in bringing many to most up-to-date machinery are the missions there and become Christ. In all the churches, ex- now turning out daily hundreds grounded in the faith. cept the small group at Ban of sacks of good flour; and fac- Moon, a number of acceSSIOns tories of every sort produce the -London Missionary Herald. have been recorded each com- necessary supplies which until a munion Sunday. Quite a num- few years ago came from other Fresh Egg Association ber of old-time Christians who lands. had "said goo d – bye to the Among the experiments in Church," as the Siamese express "Forty years ago, outside misrural reconstruction, the Fresh it, have returned, renewed their sion schools, the only textbooks Egg Association is one spon- allegiance to Christ and asked to in use were over a thousand sored by the Baptist Mission at be restored. years old and there were no. re- Pyinmana. It has made a steady vised editions. Now there IS a growth. Each member has to Rev. Puang Akapin, evan- national educational s y s tern give eight annas to belong to the gelist at Pitsanuloke, has dedi- which provides schools for all Association and is given a num- cated his life 100 per cent to ages from early childhood to maber which he can place on the Christian service, without re- ture manhood, and they are open eggs to identify them. The mem- muneration from any organized to boys and girls on an equal bers are given the first oppor- body. His wife, a very capable footing. tunity to sell their eggs to the woman, has started a business mission, and are given the first in Prae which they hope will care "Undoubtedly there is a growchance to buy purebred cocks. for their family. Since he came ing sense of the need of a more The Association is now collecting he has inspired the group in the vital religious life than any of about 3,000 eggs a week and its city with the desire for a more the old cults ever produced, and activities are employing five fully consecrated life in Christ. the fact that many of the Agriculture School graduates. scholars of the land have pro- Last March two village poultry The hospital has pas sed vided themselves with copies of shows were conducted. through one of its best years the Word of God is cause for since the time when there was a great encouragement and thank- June 9, 1934, eleven Christian resident missionary physician. fulness."

men organized the Pyinmana In- The doctors from McCormick Once Buddhist-Now dustrial Cooperative Bank, Ltd., Hospital in Chiengmai have Evangelist with shares of Rs. 50 each to made regular monthly visits and finance poultry far min g in have generally found more work Each morning at Hengchow Yamethin and Toungoo districts, than they could do. Presbyterian Hospital, all em- and in Taungdwingyi subdi- -Siam Outlook. ployees who can spare the time, all patients able to walk and any VISIOn. Two Cooperative Poul- CH,INA friends who so desire attend try Societies were also organized ~ at Shwemyo and Lewe. Each chapel, by invitation, not commember puts in Rs. 5 a year un- Forty Years in Review pulsion. A Chinese evangelist, til he pays Rs. 25 for half a share in the Society. In case the So- On the eve of his retirement Mr. Dzu, who was a Buddhist ciety becomes liable for debts after forty years of service orator and strong anti-Christian which it cannot otherwise meet, under the Presbyterian Board the member may be called upon in China, Dr. J. E. Shoemaker speaker before his conversion, to pay the remaining Rs. 25. reviews some of the changes like the Apostle Paul, is now which have come under his ob- -Burma Baptist Bulletin. servation. just as ardent a worker for Christ. He is in charge of chapel services, leads once or twice a week and gets other

speakers at other times. Here orders to the village of Laomu- Building at Ginling College, there is not the difficulty in tell- teng that all Christian services, Nanking, were held in connecing, as in America, who is and even in the homes of the peo- tion with the Nineteenth Annual who is not a Christian, as non- ple, must be discontinued. The Founders' Day in November, Christians do not have the out- converts are, therefore, now 1934. This marked the compleward conformity to Christian meeting in the forest, or going tion of the academic quadrangle standards and Christian back- by a roundabout road to one of of Ginling College as planned ground. Mr. Dzu knows the psy- the other villages on Sundays. and financially provided for in chology of his people. Chris- Another village has been or- 1921-23. In a joint campaign tianity is never forced on pa- dered by the official to burn all for seven colleges in the Orient tients, but a few words are Christian books. Two chapels, a total of $3,000,000 was raised, spoken, a Scripture passage left besides the one at Laomuteng of which Ginling's share was with those who read and in a previously mentioned, have been $600,000. few days he makes it a point to completely destroyed. Several During the nineteen years of have a long talk with those who of the other chapels have been Ginling's history the student enshow interest. Not a few of the partially destroyed. rolment has grown from nine to patients leave the hospital Chris- Stressing Stewardship 213. In addition to the college tians, and much of the credit is students there are 74 senior due this former Buddhist. Rev. H. G. Hilscher, of the middle school students in the Shantung Presbyterian Mission, Practice School under the Edu- Overcoming Adversity cation Department of the insti- has made two extended bicycle tution. Dormitories are crowded The little Christian Church at trips over the Tengchow field to to capacity, and further provis- ion for housing must be made to Chi Yang had fallen on hard stress stewardship and self-sup- meet the normal growth of the port. He reports that the result student body. days. The membership slowly exceeded expectations. "Numer- -China Weekly Review. melted away. ous c h u r c h members have pledged their tithe. Our pastors, Friends Face Issue "Friends," said the volunteer who a few years ago all refused Friends at West China Union preacher, Mr. Wang, "either we to make such a pledge, are now University are confronted with tithing, as are many elders and a serious situation which arises do something or allow our from the requirement of the other leaders. One woman, Chinese Government that educachurch to be occupied by the formerly an evangelist who tional institutions in China shall teach military drill. Recently, military." So they started serv- hated to give, was revived last the government has been press- year and pledged her tithe, but ing this requirement, and the six ices again; then a school for this spring changed her pledge Friends who are members of the teaching staff have sent a signed girls; then Thousand Character to two-tenths. In one place letter of protest which stayed where we held meetings many proceedings for a time, but the Classes. The Commanding of- pledges in produce were made, ultimate result is still in the balance. iicer of the Army division turned e. g., a bushel of millet, or of wheat, eggs laid on Sunday, an The Presbyterian mission in out to be a Christian, with a de- Shantung also passed a strong entire apricot crop; and the resolution a g a ins t military sire to help. They outgrew old children insisted on having a training in Christian schools.

quarters and built a new church. share. The total amount pledged Some eminent Chinese leaders in the country field is about three have spoken frankly in regard to In late October, Rev. Rowland giving education precedence over times that of last year. military preparation. "We must M. Cross attended the dedication. Owing to finances two pastors believe," said Dr. Hu Hsih, "that the education of 50,000,000 chil- The campaign for funds was had their subsidies entirely dren will be 50,000 times more effective and important to the promoted by three loyal sons, withdrawn, but they decided to country than 5,000 airplanes!" continue on a faith basis. It two students in Yenching and meant hardship, but they testify -American Friend'. to greater joy in service, and .Jefferson, respectively, and one certainly they show greater zeal. a teacher in Tunghsien. The One who was lazy is now inces- santly preaching and looking iirst person to offer public con- after his church members; his gratulations was a non-Chris- wife is an inspiration by her tian, leading business man from constant singing, testimony and praying, and her radiance in the an adj oining town. Bowing low home. to the Cross on the altar and the picture of Christ above it, he then turned to the congregation and thanked them and the Kung- lihui for what itthheadcodmomn~eniatny.d was doing, for The pastor, a local farmer, serves without pay.

Christian Services Forbidden Persecution of Lisu converts Buildings for Ginling JAPAN -CHOSEN Dedication ceremonies for the General Assembly Meeting in the province of Yunnan continues. The latest report to China's Millions is that the local new Chapel-Music Building and The forty-eighth annual meetofficial has definitely iss u e d the Library – Administration ing of the Presbyterian Church

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in Japan was held in Tokyo last Sunday school and worship serv- that ha<J been stripped from the ices are held. Each year in Jan- October. About 300 delegates uary the farm accommodates the wall of a Korean room, and that were in attendance, coming from 20 to 30 who come for two weeks consisted of leaves from one of all parts of Japan and from For- of Farmers' Gospel S c h 0 0 I. the first Korean Bibles that had mosa, Korea and Manchukuo. There is also a Rural Women's been sent in from Manchuria be- The meetings were characterized Gospel School where along with fore the first missionaries arthroughout by a spirit of prayer the Gospel, courses are offered rived. -Pyengyang News. and harmony, and a generous attitude toward others in the in food preparation, care of chil- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC problems that were discussed. dren, housing conditions, hy- Among the questions voted upon gienic c lot hi n g, budgeting, Transformed Islanders were: The appointment of a simple marketing, etc. In 1875, Dr. George Brown Japanese as principal of the -Kagawa Fellowship landed on the beach at Molot, in Tainan College in Formosa, con- Bulletin. the Duke of York group, New ducted by the English Presby- Britain District, and found a terians, in response to an ear- New Church For Koreans people wholly savage, of disgustnest request from that mission. ing habits and of evil temper.

A special committee was ap- There are now 500,000 Ko- All the horrors of heathenism pointed for conference on union reans in Japan, scattered from were around him, and human of all denominations, with no one end of the land to the other. life was not safe. Fifty years sacrifice of principles or faith. Through the cooperation of later a missionary stepped on the Methodist and Presbyterian same beach, to be welcomed by It was urged that the Church's churches in Korea, and about over two thousand people singthree seminaries establish closer ing Christian hymns. They were relations by means of annual ten missions of various denomiconferences. nations in Japan, 48 churches clean, self-respecting, and, as was subsequently see n, of It was voted that more em- have been established for these changed character. Fiji was phasis should be placed on the Koreans, with about 4,000 Chrisspiritual and less on the scholas- once a by-word for bestiality and tic qualifications of candidates; tians, 1,000 of this number being indescribable cruelty, and all the this in view of the fact that sev- baptized church members. horrors of widow – strangling, eral men of outstanding ability had failed in one or more exam- This church as now written cannibalism and infanticide inations last year. its own constitution and creed were commonplace. Today there and set up an organization with is a whole nation transformed, -Christian Observer. and eagerly preparing to cele- something like sessions, Presby- brate the Centenary of Chris- teries or conferences, and a su- preme council. Practically all the cooperating bodies have cor- tianity in those once dark One-Acre Evangelism dially approved the new organ- islands. There is now a Church One of Mr. Kagawa's ventures ization. Six or seven congrega- that has sent its sons and daugh- tions have their buildings paid ters to New Britain, Papua, Solis to establish in various parts of for, and are contributing toward omon Islands and North Aus- Japan, as experiment stations in their workers' support. tralia to preach the Good News keeping with small scale farm- that so marvelously redeemed -Pyengyang News. their own lives. ing and living standards a series of model one-acre farms, tilled Moffett Memorial -The Open Door.

and lived on by Christian farm For some time Korean friends A Discovery in New Guinea experts. The first of these was started a few miles from Tokyo, and on it as tenant and man- of Dr. Samuel Moffett have An Australian anthropologist, ager went a young Christian wished to erect some memorial E. W. P. Chinnery, has reported graduate of the Imperial Agri- as an appreciation of his many his discovery of an area of 5,000 culture School in Tokyo and an years of service. Their first square miles in the interior of instructor therein, with his wife thought was a bronze statue, but New Guinea, inhabited by at and baby. During their three they have deferred to Dr. Mof- least 200,000 savage people who years' residence the acre has fett's wishes in the matter, with have never had any contact been transformed from the usual the result that a very neat and whatever with the outside world.

cluster of one-group rice paddies substantial two-story b ric k On venturing an investigation, into a veritable horticultural building stands at the intersec- the natives were found to be garden, with various sorts of tion of the two streets which quite friendly, much better phys- animal husbandry. Not only skirt the Eastern part of the ical specimens than many of this but the farm is a center of missionary compound. Although their fellow New Guineans. This community life and culture, as not quite finished it was used newly discovered group is with- one may judge from the well- during the meeting of General in British mandated territory.

thumbed library in the home. Assembly to house a remarkable Here is a good opportunity for Every Sunday the little house is Jubilee Exhibit. An interesting pioneer missionary work.

converted into a church where feature a section of wall-paper -Moody Institute Monthly.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,==~~========~========~==~=~, Christianity Tested, Its Significance strange, heavy," and "its doc- Dr. Buck writes out of his own for Modern Missions. By Oscar Macmillan Buck. 257 pages. $2.00. trines are foreign and bewilder- experience as a former mission- The Abingdon Press, New York. ing." (p. 104.) Then, "What ary in India, and his studies as 1934. is it," he asks, "that we have to Professor of Missions and Com- Dr. Oscar M. Buck, Professor give that is unique?" (p. 128.) parative Religion at Drew Theoof Missions in Drew University, He declares that "it is not logical Seminary since 1920. In has undertaken a difficult task- enough to say that the Christian 1925-26, he spent a year in Asia, to show how Christianity looks uniqueness is Christ," as was during eight months of which he to Asiatic non-Christians. He affirmed at the Lausanne and J e- was engaged in evangelistic frankly says that it would be rusalem Conferences. (pp. 129- work among educated non-Chris- "far easier to discover the 130.) Dr. Buck finds the answer tians. In 1930-31 he was again uniqueness of Christianity" to which satisfies him in "the in India as Secretary of the western Christians. But what Christian manner of living." (p. Lindsay Commission on Chrisdoes a non-Christian see? This 139). "What we have to giveis what this book sets out to and all that we have to give-is tian Higher Education. He is show. He guards himself at the the proof of what is unique in outset by saying: the life and religion of Jesus." an ardent advocate and an ear- (p. 230.) This attempt at a philosophy of mis- nest student of foreign missions, based upon what is unique and Is there a contrast here be- sions. Whether his present atdistinctive in Christianity among the tween the religion "of" Jesus and tempt is successful, as an Occiworld's religions and irreligions, has the religion "about" Jesus, the dental Christian to put himself to do only with the first approach to religion of which He is not only the non-Christian. It does not claim the perfect example but the ob- in the other fellow's place and to be a compendium for all that is dis- ject of its faith and worship. As tinctive in Christianity, but only a for "manner of living," it would see Christianity from the viewstatement of that central uniqueness be easy to name men who do not point of an Oriental non-Chriswhich would commend Christianity to believe in Christ at all-agnos- tian, an American is hardly in a the non-Christian without making tics, Jews, Hindus and Buddhists position to decide. Only an edu- Christianity to him at the start a sys- -whose "manner of living" is as cated Asiatic is competent to tem so exotic, so complicated, and so irreproachable as that of Chris- appraise the validity of the auaggressive as to arouse in him the tians. thor's argument. One would will to disbelieve if not the will to like to have the reactions of such counter. (p. 10.) Dr. Buck seems to magnify the men as Chang Po-lin of China, intellectual obstacles to the Kagawa of Japan, Bishop Dorne- He concludes that the mission- spread of Christianity in Asia. kal of India and Boon Boon Itt ary enterprise makes a mistake Such obstacles undoubtedly ex- of Siam. They have not found in emphasizing at the outset the ist, but are they the most for- the central Christian doctrines divine sonship of Christ, His "incomprehensible," nor did that atonement and redemption, great theologian, the late Dr.

which, precious as they are to us midable ones? Whatever they Uemura of Tokyo, who taught who "are heirs of Plato and are, we concur in the declaration these doctrines to hundreds of Plotinus, with Greek id~alism of the Lausanne and Jerusalem his students and preached them based on a metaphysical dualism Conferences that "our message to tens of thousands of Japanese. the framework of our thinking." is Jesus Christ" as He is pre- But Dr. Buck has written a (p. 95.) His ideas are unintelli- sented in the New Testament. remarkably thought – provoking gible to Asiatics who have no This is the message that has won book and one that contains a such background. "The Chris- all the victories that Christianity large amount of valuable matetian missionary enterprise," says has won thus far. The Asiatie rial. Missionaries and secreta- Dr. Buck, "has never taken suffi- delegates to those conferences ries and members of boards ciently to heart this incompre- voted for the statement and its should carefully read it. The hensibility for the Asian of its power has been attested by hun- lack of an index is a defect which doctrines and methods." (p.90.) dreds of thousands of Oriental should be remedied in any fur- The Church, too, he deems "a Christians who have understood ther printing. barrier" as "its organization is it and joyfully accepted it. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

Any of the books noted In these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[94 ] History of the Korea Mission, Pres- cret of the work that has been China, shows 122 missions under byterian Church in the U. S. A. By carried on with great power various orders of that Church. Harry A. Rhodes, Editor. 682 pp. even through much weakness. Protestant statistics are more 8 vo. $2.00. Published by the Mis- "Certain spiritual factors have difficult to obtain because of the sion. Sold in America by Fleming predominated, viz., prayer, con- many agencies at work. There H. Revell Company, New York. fession, Bible study, worship, are two Australian Societies, 17 1934. witnessing, observance of the British, 66 American, 21 Conti- Lord's Day, revival, giving, tem- nental, with 21 agencies and so- This volume should every- perance and righteous living." cieties that are quite distinctivewhere commend the deep inter- Readers of this history will join ly Chinese, in addition to the est of students of missions. It the missionaries and their Ko- China Inland Mission rated as is the kind of work that needs to rean friends in the earnest hope international and seven educabe done in all fields, putting the that these factors will continue tional agencies not listed among records of the years into perma- in full power in trying days that the others. There are 6,121 nent form. The Presbyterian are sure to come. Protestant missionaries, 481,162 Mission in Chosen has been no- registered Protestant communitable both in methods and in CLELAND B. McAFEE. cants in a partial and incomplete results, leading to the establish- report, with 214,566 others rement of a Church which takes The China Year Book, 1934. Edited ported under instruction. Note itself with great seriousness. by H. G. W. Woodhead. 8 vo. 854 is made of medical, educational, Probably no mission in the world pp. $12.50. Published in China. relief and other forms of work. has tried to put into operation Agents for U. S. A.: University of more thoroughly what is known Chicago Press, Chicago. 1934. Other sections of the volume as the "Nevius Plan" of self-sup- give accurate facts as to the govport and self-government among This sixteenth edition of the ernment and its constitution, so new believers. Dr. Rhodes here China Year Book is even more difficult to obtain elsewhere, railtells the story of the half-cen- elaborate than its predecessors. road, postal and other statistics tury, having had full access to Manchukuo is dealt with in a and programs, and an excellent all records in Chosen itself and special chapter, since the Chi- and informative "Who's Who." in the Mission Board files in nese Government does not exer- It is an invaluable guide to the America during a recent fur- cise at present any authority facts about China. lough. The result is a sumptu- there. A special Year Book covous volume, sold at a surprising- ering Manchukuo is issued in CLELAND B. McAFEE. ly low price to make it available Tokyo. The chapters on Roman to all. In addition to 682 pages and Protestant Missions in China's Problems and Their Solution. of text there are eighty-three China have been brought down By Wang Ching-Wei. 199 pp. $4.50. pages of illustrations from pho- to date by resident writers; China United Press. Shanghai. tographs; most pages contain- there is a new chapter on "The ing two or more pictures. It is Press" and a full account of the This is an authoritative interan unusual and valuable piece of Kuomintang. Data are here pretation of present-day China, work, describing fifty years of available on virtually every as- its revolution, problems and polremarkable achievement. pect of Chinese life and history icies. It is written by one who so that the book should be in might have used the historic After giving the background every public and school library phrase: "All of which I saw and of Korean history, religion and and in the hands of all careful part of which I was"; for the customs, Dr. Rhodes takes up the students of Chinese affairs. author was a collaborator and main theme-the work of grace confidential friend of Sun Yatthrough the mission and the re- The religion of the Chinese is sen, the father of the Chinese sulting Church. The record of discussed in an extended chap- Republic, and since the latter's great revivals and new begin- ter. There are between fifteen death he has been an influential nings is given with balance and and twenty million Moslems in factor in the Government and is careful analysis. The story of China. A few hundred Chinese now president of the Executive cooperative efforts, of diver- Jews are found in Honan, gath- Department of the Government, gence of views regarding some ered around the ruins of a syna- and Minister of Foreign Affairs. points as between field and home gogue built in 1183, rebuilt in He frankly says that "China is office, of movements toward edu- 1488, and now being reclaimed sick and suffering from a series cation of the believers, of the by an Anglican Mission. Most of complications which may' be organizing of the Church and its Chinese accept Confucianism, described as general debility, a many agencies of expansion, of Taoism and Buddhism, all three weak heart and a tumorous medical work, industrial service, at the same time. "The record- growth." (p. 13.) But he firmforeign missions, of the found- ed Roman Catholic population ly believes in the recuperative ing of stations-all this is told today is 2,624,166. Every cor- powers of his country and that, in a way to inspire the reader. ner of this immense Chinese field given reasonable time and free- Missionary-minded pastors and has been planted with a Cross. dom from outside interference, other speakers will rejoice to find New workers come in hundreds China can and will develop a the whole story rich in incidents. every year from Europe and sound and stable government. Effort is made to reveal the se- America." A large statistical He roundly denounces the folder of the Catholic Church in "swashbuckling war-lords" and

"predatory militarist" whose sympathetically told and is an girls are bad; they are more "cruel selfishness" is keeping the excellent supplement to the more sinned against than sinning. country in turmoil. (p. 17.) complete biographies by Mrs. Many have left home for good, He declares that China can no Arthur Parker, Drs. Streeter unselfish reasons, because their more tolerate communists "than and Appasamy and Dr. Heiler of parents could not support them. the existence of poisonous snakes Marburg; the book by Mr. An- But they are ruined or on the and wild beasts." (p. 171.) He drews is an especially well writ- road to ruin for they live by earnestly advocates a policy of ten and satisfying interpretation their wits and brute strengthunification, and he wisely and of the man. tramping, stealing, begging, lyplainly says: "there is only one As is generally known by ing, in promiscuous sex relations course open to us-to put our readers of THE REVIEW, Sundar that sap physical and moral vihouse in order so as to consoli- Singh was a well-born Sikh, and tality. Their only education is date our national strength and had a devout mother and an hon- that which they pick up as chickvitality and thus strengthen the ored father. He went to a Chris- ens pick up grains from the dirt. foundations of peace in the Far tian mission school but lead in Prof. Minehan has interviewed East and in the world beyond it. student opposition to Bible study 1,377 boys and 88 girls of the There is no alternative." (p. 5.) and Christian influence. He was, American "jungle." Most of This is Chinese statesmanship however, a seeker after God and them are American born and so at its best. There is hope for a when about sixteen years of age are their parents. They came nation that has such leaders as had a remarkable vision which from over 22 states. Their ages Wang Ching-Wei and Chiang led to his acceptance of the living ranged from 12 to 21, the aver- Kai-shek. The volume has a Christ. Persecution and ostra- age being about 17 years. Most wealth of information and is cism from his home followed. claimed to be Protestants and 88 handsomely printed and bound, He forsook all, was baptized and had attended Sunday Schools. but the price is rather high for a began to study with missionaries Many had been on the road from book of hardly 200 pages. at Ludhianna and later at La- one to two years. Few had ARTHUR J. BROWN. hore. Finally he decided to be- reached high school. A glossary come a Christian Sadhu-a trav- Sadhu Sundar Singh. By C. F. An- eling witness to Christ and a is needed to interpret some of' servant of all in the name of his their language on the road. drews. 8 vo. 204 pp. $2.00. Harp- ers. New York. 1934. The book is interesting but sad Many· who were acquainted Master. Many and remarkable reading and describes where with Sundar Singh were strong- were his visions and experiences these boys and girls come from; ly impressed with his likeness to -it being difficult at times to where they go, and how; where Christ. This likeness included distinguish between the two. His they sleep and eat; their renot only his Eastern dress and great ambition was to carry the ligious life and standards; their general Oriental appearance but Gospel into Tibet, the closed conversations and sex life. What his quiet self-control, his peace- land, and several times he jour- can be done about it? Unfortuful demeanor, his strength of neyed thither. On his last jour- nately they don't like missions. character, his sacrificial service ney, in 1929, at the age of 34, These boys and girls will not be to any and all who needed his he disappeared and his death is taken in C.C.C. camps and are help, his constant witness to God generally accepted but he has not on relief lists. They need to and the love which drew children left an abiding heritage to the be rescued and put into homes and others to his side. C. F. Christian Church. for their own sake and for the Andrews knew Sundar Singh in- This biographical sketch and sake of humanity before they go timately and is a kindred spirit. interpretation is well worth on spreading moral and physi- In these personal memoirs Mr. reading. It reveals what may cal disease and death. They con- Andrews describes his own con- happen when Christ takes pos- stitute a social evil that will tacts and conversations with the session of an Indian soul. spread if it is not remedied.

Sadhu; he tells of his devotion Boy and Girl Tramps of America. By Navaholand and Zunitown. A Reto Christ and the deathless beau- Thomas Minehan. Illus. 8 vo. 267 port of Christian Reformed Misty and strength of his character. pp. $2.50. Farrar and Rinehart. sions. Htmry Beets. 25 cents.

"Sundar Singh," he writes, "by New York. 1934. Grand Rapids Printing Co. Michihig creative personality, set for- Depression-financial, domes- gan. 1934.

ward a true type for Indian tic and moral-is responsible for This is a story of work among Christians to follow." India many ills, one of the worst of the Indians of New Mexico and would be a new land and the which is its influence on boys Arizona-a work nearly forty Indian Church a nearly ideal and girls. This description of years old and showing much en- church if the devotion, the char- life among vagabond boys and couraging fruitage. There are acter, the spirit that dominated girls is by a young professor schools and hospitals, churches the Sadhu, prevailed in that land from the University of Minne- and Christian homes. These and church. sota who lived among them, dis- brief sketches reveal the power Here is a fascinating, stimu- guised, for three years. The of Christ to transform life so lating biography for anyone to story he tells is shocking, heart- that the good Indians are alive read. The story is simply and rending. Not all the boys and not dead.

New Chain-Reference Bible. But, however mixed their blood, religious leadership, and what a

Compiled and edited by Frank group of Baptists are doing at Charles Thompson. 12 maps. 8 Vo. the culture has become largely Clear Creek Mountain ~prmgs VarlOus styles and prices. B. B. English and most of the de- to help train the mountam Kirkbride Bible Co. Indianapolis. nommations represented were brought over by the ~nglish. preachers. 1934.

The Bible is still the "best Three outstanding characterIs- Dr. Dunn's chapter on "Misseller" in the world and has been tics of the pIOneers stiH prevail sionary and Phi I ant h r 0 pic for at least a century. There in great degree-individuallsm, Schools" is full of informatlOn are translations, editions, anno- emotional instability, and reH- essential to a thorough knowltations, notes and styles almost ance on natural ablllty unaided edge of this phase of the mounwithout number, and the added by special training. The book tain work. If one wishes a commaterial varies greatly in prac- gIves a hIstory of the rise of de- pendium of information about tical value. This Chain-Refer- nominatIOnal1sm and shows that, the religious and educatlOnal ence Bible has many unique and on account of the individuallsm conditions of the mountams, the useful features for Bible stu- of the people, the SImple democ- changes now taking place, and dents-particularly for begin- racy of the l:Saptist Churches be- the many problems facing the ners in deeper study and for came popular and has held the mountain workers, this bOOK will parents and teachers. It is based ascenaency. 'l'he uneducated be a great help. L. C. KELLY. on the King James Version, has preacher and his emotIOnal1sm a self-pronouncing text, good proauced persecution in Virgmia New Books print and I eat her binding. but resulted in granting freedom Among the special features are of worshIp to all. American Family. Faith Baldwin. the chain references by which a The chIef elements in the re- 388 pp. $2. Farrar & Rinehart. subject can be followed through ligious inheritance of the High- New York. the entire Bible. There are also The Christian Fact and Modern lanaers are a strong belief in the Doubt. Geo. A. Buttrick. 301 pp. an analysis of the different real1ty and importance of re- $2.50. Scribners. New York. books, an outline study of Bible liglOn, a fear of the l(.oman Cath- A Christian Manifesto. Edwin Lewis. characters, pictorial maps and 245 pp. $2.00. Abingdon Press. charts, a general index, a text 01lC vhurch, a distrust of all New York. forms or symbols (as being encylopedia, Bible readings, out- Christ and the Congo. Findings of line studies, Bible harmonies, a associated with the Catholic Conferences Held by Dr. John R. Church) , reverence for the Mott. 68 pp. 2s. 1. M. C. London. concordance and atlas. Bound words of the Bible, and a belief with it is Dr. Thompson's own in the supreme importance of Forward in Western China. E. S. system of Bible study with sug- personal salvation. Stewart. 75 pp. lB. C. M. S. Longestions as to the analytical study, the synthetic study, chap- Isolation, poverty, overpopu- don. ter, topical and verse studies. This is the result of thirty-one lation, bad health conditions, and God's Unspeakable Gift. H. A. Ironyears of careful, reverent labor. sides. 192 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & It is adapted to all classes and the slow development of schools Inglis. Glasgow. will be found especially useful are discussed. Lack of social to missionaries, young pastors organizations, the inferior posi- His Book or Structure in Scripture. Norman B. Harrison. 111 pp. 75 and Sunday school teachers. tion of women, and pioneer eth- cents. B. 1. C. A. Chicago. ics are discriminatingly pointed Is He Not Able? Edith F. Norton. out. The report of a funeral ser- 147 pp. $1.00. Bible Institute Col- mon is included in a graphic portage Association, Chicago.

Religion in the Highlands. By Eliza- picture of the preaching of a Ploughed Under. Amy Carmichael. beth R. Hooker. With a section on primitive preacher. The anti- 28. 6d. Illus. 156 pp. S. P. C. K. Missionary and Philanthropic mission and sectarian spirit of London. Schools. By Fannie W. Dunn. 319 pp. $1.00. Home Missions Coun- certain sections are well defined. Race and Economics in South Africa. cil, New York, 1933. The Northeastern Cumberland W. G. Ballinger. 67 pp. 18. 6d.

We are here given an insight Plateau, which comprises much Sun Yat-Sen-His Life and Its Mean- of Eastern Kentucky and some ing. Lyon Sharman. $3.50. 418 to the mountain life and moun- pp. John Day Co. New York. tain problems educationally, and of West Virginia, is shown to be That Strange Man Upon the Cross. religiously. Miss Hooker's divi- the most destitute educationally Richard Roberts. 137 pp. $1.25. sion of the territory of the south- and religiously of all the moun- Abingdon Press. New York.

ern mountains into the North- tain sections. Because of this The Tiger Tamed. R. H. Boyd. 208 western Cumberland Plateau, destitution it has become the fo- pp. 28. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- the Northeastern Cumberland cal center of many people who don. Plateau, the Allegheny Plateau, seek to help the people religious- Unto the Skies. Lilian G. Carleton. the Blue Ridge, the Central ly, educationally, and otherwise. 210 pp. 38. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Ridges, and the Central Valleys, The book gives a fine discussion London. shows a true insight to the great on church houses, missionary Ways of Praying. Muriel Lester. 32 agencies, denominational and in- pp. 35 cents. Cokesbury Press. differences between mountain Nashville. people and their varied prob- dependent schools. It is the only lems. The ancestors of these Word Studies in the Old Testament. people were largely of German, book we know that discusses im- Vol.!. B. A. M. Schapiro. 28 pp. partially the uneducated moun- 50 cents. Hebrew-Christian Pub. English and Scotch Irish stocks. tain preacher, the problem of Society. New York.

—A PROBLEM OR A

HERE IS A CHALLENGE TO YOU I Will you help to spread international understanding and brotherhood?

Dr. Charles W. Iglehart, who has been a missionary in Japan for twenty-Five years, sees the problem presented to Asia and to America. He also sees the challenge and the present opportunity.

Will YOU accept the challenge and make use of the opportunity? HOW? Send for copies of Dr. Iglehart's leaflet and distribute them in your church, your club, your social circle. It is d stirring picture that Dr. Iglehart draws—one to hold the attention and stir to action—useful Cpristian dction. Send 2 cents for a sample leaflet. Then send $1.00 for a hundred more. An American layman was so stirred by this message from Dr. Inglehart that he provided for the publication of a limited number of these leaFiets—with the conFident hope that you will help distribute them.

cSend to THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 1S6 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK AGENTS WANTED CUTS FOR SALE THE MISSIONARY REVIEW Excellent halftone plates and line cuts (undam- can be sold in quantities to aged) used in THE MISSIONARY REVIEW every Missionary Society. It fur- during the past two years. nishes information in brief, in- teresting form for leaders and For sale at one-third the cost. These are val- discussion groups. Why not act uable for loccill or denominational papers. Vivid as our Agent in your church or pictures of life all over the world. community? You can advance the cause of Foreign MisSions, Americ:an Highlands and at the same time can earn Americ:an Indians Afric:ans—Heathen and Christian A Liberal Commission China···Old and New Japan and. Korea • India's Idols and Christians Results in Moslem Lands Address.–Circ:ulation Manager Savages and Saints The Pacific Islanders The Missionary Review of the World • Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa. c8enCi to The Missionary Review of the World Third and Reily Streets Harrisburg, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1934

MARCH,1934

Medical Missions in Arabia W. Harold Storm Challenge of the Present Crisis Charles R. Watson Education and Religion in Mexico John A. Mackay Experience of the China Inland Missiol1 Robert Hall Glover A Century of Bible Work in China Eric M. North Aboriginal Medical Practice T. Theodor Webb

To Remember One book you must NOT miss! icine in Korea. Of the 500 taking

examination, only 16 were successful March 8-IO-Medical Missions Con- JOHNR.MoTT in passing. ference under the auspices of the Medical Committee of the Commit- WORLD CITIZEN *** tee of Reference and Counsel. New York. by Keith Song, graduate of Chosen Christian College, Seoul, has invented April 3-5 – Federal C 0 u n c i 1 of BASIL MATHEWS the first practical typewriter for the Churches, ,Department of Evan- Korean language. gelism. Columbus, Ohio. An avalanche of praise for this ex- *** April 26-May 7-General Conference, traordinary book. "Will take its Methodist Episcopal Church, South, The Rev. Dr. William Raymond Jackson, Miss. place among the really great biog- Jellifi.e, former associate pastor of the May 20-26–Church Conference of So- raphies." (S. M. Cavert.) "A great cial Work, Kansas City, Mo. Madison Avenue Presbyterian Church, picture of a great man." (Paul has been elected president of the New August 21-24-Tenth National Con- York City Mission Society, succeeding vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, Hutchinson). "Again I say, possess the late William Sloan Coffin. Other Evangelical Synod of N. A., Mil- officers elected were Philip W. Henry, waukee, Wis. and read this book." (Bishop J. C. vice-president; Edgar C. Leaycraft, treasurer, and Luther H. Lewis, secre- Personal Items Baker). Illustrated. $3.00 tary.

Motoichiro Takahashi, Dr. Kagawa's HARPER & BROTHERS *** companion in peace work, whose poems have appeared ,ftom time to 49 East 33rd St., New York Mrs. Hume R. Steele, for fifteen time in American journals, died last years the beloved and honored Wommonth and leaves an aching void in Dr. Catherine L. Mabie, for thirty- an's Candidate Secretary of the Board the hearts of his friends. His was a five years a. Baptist medical mission- of Missions of the Methodist Episcosimple, lovable and powerful spirit. ary in the Congo, has been honored by pal Church South, has recently been the Belgian Government with La Croix retired in the process of reducing the *** de Chevalie1' de l'Ordre Royal du Lion. budget. Mrs. Steele has rendered out- standing service to the missionary Dr. Kagawa, in response to repeated **• cause. In 1914 she became Educationinvitations, left Japan the latter part al Secretary of the Woman's Missionof January for a month's trip to Miss Soon Chun Park, a graduate ary Cquncil, planned missionary'study Manila and the Philippine Islands. of the Chosen Women's Medical Train- courses and new literature. As Can- ing Institute, was the only woman who passed the recent Government ex- didate Secretary she pioneered a new amination for license to practice med- department in her Board and was also an effective member of the Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement and the North American Student Council, and a member of the Committee of Reference and Council of the Foreign Missions Conference.

cIIn Assured Income Starting Now Investments, seemingly safe, may vanish over night leaving one without support in old age. Many individualsrealizirig the difficulty of selecting safe income-producing securities have adopted the Annuity Plan of The American Baptist Home Mission Society.

PROTECTED FOR LIFE A woman who received a yearly income of $2,500 from the Society wrote as follows when making an additional annuity gift: "It gives me pleasure to place the above amount with The American Baptist Home Missictn' Society, for I know from long experience what care the investment will have under the management of the Society. I wish you to know, too, what a comfort it has been to me to feel sure of a certain amount of income:'

Many others who have adopted this annuity plan are most happy in knowing that they have made sound investments; are absolutely protected for life; and have the added satisfaction of knowing that their money will go on serving Christ's cause indefinitely after their earthly requirements are ended.

DOES NOT LESSEN OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS As gifts ~n the annuity plan represent the investment of funds that would not ordinarily be contributed toward church support and benevolent objects, they do not lessen giving to the local church. Your annuity gifts as well as your contributions to the unified denominational budget, through the local church or otherwise, help to maintain the work of this Society that is the agent of Northern Baptists in carrying the gospel message to spiritually destitute places in the United States and Latin America.

Further information furnished upon request THE AMERICAN BAPTIST HOME MISSION SOCIETY SAMUEL BRYANT, Treasurer 22 East 26th Street •. New York City

MISSIONARY article by Stanley Jones; reports of SPEED· COMFORT·

REVIEW OF THE WORLD addresses at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies; articles on Empress ofJapan …pride ofthe Pacific DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor "Present Opportunities in Home Mis- "GO EMPRESS" … to Honolulu, sions." Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, VOL. LVII MARCH, 1934 No.3 Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. *"* Swift sister ships, Empress of Asia Publication and Business OIDce and Empress of Russia, reach Y0- Third and Relly Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. The special numbers this year will kohama in 10 days flat … via Direct include one on "Orientals in America" Express Route. Empress of Japan Editorial and Executive OIDce -a very rich and interesting theme; (blue-ribbon Pacific liner) and Em- and one on "Japan As a Mission Field press of Canada reach Honolulu in 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Today." We have a remarkable series 5 days, and Yokohama in 8 days of papers promised for each of these more. Entered as second-class matter at numbers. Send your orders in ad- FREQUENT SAILINGS . .. from Van- Post OIDce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act vance. Previous special issues were couver (trains to ship-side) and of March 3, 1879. soon exhausted. Victoria. Luxurious First Class,out- standing Tourist Class, low-priced 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. *** Third Class. Orient fares include Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. passage from Seattle. Published monthly, except August. We continue to receive encourage- Reduced round trip fam. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. ment from readers who find the RE- Booklets, information • •. from any VIEW stimulating and valuable. Here Canadian Pacific agent: New York, MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- are some recent comments- Chicago, San Francisco, Montreal, LISHING CO., INC. Vancouver, and 30 other cities in "I want to tell you how greatly I United States and Canada. BOARD OF DIRECTORS appreciate the recent issues of THE ROBERT E. SPEER, President REVIEW, especially the January copy. WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President I have heard a great many favorable WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer comments from pastors and people in DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary the church." FRANK W. BIBLE, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Secretary for the Central Area, WM. B. LIPPHARD Board of, Foreign Missions, ERIC M. NORTH Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. MILTON T. STAUFFER A. L. W ARNSHUIS "Might I take this opportunity to SAMUEL M. ZWEMER say how valuable I find the REVIEW. Some magazines I read quickly, clip Editorial Chat from with impunity; then toss away. Not so the REVIEW. I copy from it Our Annual Meeting but keep it intact; it is invaluable for reference." MAMIE C. G. FRASER, An interested group of friends gathered at the Annual Meeting of Editor, Women's Missionary THE REVIEW at 156 Fifth Avenue, Society of the Presbyterian New York, on Thursday, February 8, Church in Canada. at 3 o'clock. Reports of the Treasurer and Secretary for the year 1933 were And here is a letter written, not to read and approved. These show great the REVIEW, but to pastors of Ohioreason for thanksgiving and encour- a good deed: agement, but there is need for continued cooperation in making THE "The January issue of THE MIS- REVIEW effective. More adequate sup- SIONARY REVIEW OF' THE WORLD is so port is required through gifts to the chock-full of splendid material, so per- Maintenance Fund, through advertis- tinent to missions, that I just had to ing and by increase in circulation. An send you this letter to call your attenimpressive address on the "Present tion to it. If you are looking for ma- Opportunities and Responsibilities in terial stimulating to your own life Home Missions" was given by Dr. and rich in sermonic helps, this is the William R. King, Secretary of the issue you should get. Send 25 cents Home Missions Council, and a very to the Evangelical Press, Harrisburg, stimulating address by Dr. S. G. In- Pa., for a copy of this magazine. man, Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America, who G. M. GORDON, has recently returned from Monte- Chairman of Poreign Missions video. He pictured effectively the progress of the Gospel in Latin Amer- Committee. Dayton Presby~ ica and the new opportunities there. tery. The President of THE REVIEW, Dr. Robert E. Speer, called attention to "In my work as chairman of Missome of the present issues that affect sionary Education the REVIEW is inthe missionary cause and that show valuable. The articles, the helps in the need for such a magazine as THE planning programs, the book reviews, REVIEW, one that stands for the best and announcement of books, all blend and that will keep readers informed to make my work a definite unit of as to the urgent needs and encourag- procedure." MRS. D. B. KRAYBILL, ing progress of the work. Montgomery, W. Va., Chairman The Board of Directors was unani- of Missionary .Education of mously re-elected for the ensuing year. the Women's Missionary Fed- eration, American Lutheran DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary. Church.

*** "The February REVIEW is a fine issue…. You have been improving the Coming numbers of THE REVIEW REVIEW right along." will contain some remarkable papers and addresses that you and your FRANKLIN D. COGSWELL, friends cannot afford to miss – an Secretary, Missionary Education Movement.

[lUi]

ARAB "AMBULANCE" AND PATIENT BEING CARRIED TWENTY MILES TO THE AMERICAN MISSION

MUSCAT, ARABIA, LOOKING TOWARID THE GULF OF OMAN SCENES IN THE GREAT MOSLEM PENINSULA Here the Reformed Church In America has been working for over forty years and is practically the only mission seeking to give the Gospel to the Moslems of "Neglected Arabia." REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER THREE MARCH,1934 Topics of the Times IS THE CLOCK BEING TURNED BACK? schools, and India would probably follow the same In many lands the lines are being tightened to course if she were wholly independent. limit religious freedom. Five hundred years ago the Papacy controlled most of Europe; the Greek What are the causes of this reaction against re- Church ruled Russia and Greece; Islam ruled ligious liberty and the right of propaganda? An Turkey, Persia and North Africa; the priests of article in a Turkish magazine, Birlik, representvarious cults were in power in Asia and Africa. ing the Students' Union in higher educational in- There was little or no liberty to teach religion or stitutions of Turkey, throws light on the mental to worship out of harmony with the established attitude of the modern young Turk toward fornational or racial religions. Later, when Central eign schools. Here are some extracts, freely translated: and South America were settled by the Portuguese (1) Foreign schools cannot develop the kind of children and Spaniards, intolerance spread to the Western Turkey desires as citizens. . .. They are not nurseries of real education and culture but are producing young men Hemisphere. But the past two hundred years, of no patriotism and nationalism…. The aims of educaand particularly the past one hundred, have felt tion are determined, not by individual desires, but by so- the influence of a constant campaign against bigo- cial necessities. Education is the process of developing try and intolerance and there has been steady men in the ideals of society .[the National mold]. … In order that this socialization [nationalization] may be progress toward freedom of conscience in life and healthy, it should be carried on by its own citizens ….

worship. Most Roman Catholic countries have The aim is first of all to develop citizens .[nationalists] now thrown off the papal yoke-too often taking and then a blacksmith, soldier, etc.

on instead the license of agnosticism. Africa and (2) Missionary schools operate under foreign religious Asia and the Islands have responded to the light organizations and therefore their influence on the develop- ment of the child produces foreign modes of thought and of modern knowledge so that large release has life. Such education develops not a Turkish citizen, but a been gained from superstition and the domination cosmopolitan type-in language, in customs, in philosophy, of heathen priests and sorcerers. Even Moslem in literature, in religion…. Though they may not give lands, such as Turkey and Persia, have decreed religious instruction, these institutions emphasize "char- acter building" in moral education, in sports, in discussion the separation of Church and State, have opened groups and by personal influence…. The path that leads their doors to modern science and have permitted to these virtues [honesty and purity] is always through Christian preaching and teaching. Russia, the Christianity. While national holidays receive only per- chief Greek Catholic country, for some years al- functory attention, Christmas is a day for which great lowed evangelical preaching and worship and en- pporempparaantidoncsereamreonmy.ade and it is celebrated with much couraged Bible distribution. (3) The Near East College Association says that they Today the clock is apparently being turned are serving as a medium for the better expression of back. Not only does Russia forbid all religious American idealism by ingrafting the students with Westteaching of youth under eighteen years of age, ern ideas. While missionaries in Turkey are not working in old ways, yet they are endeavorng to load the Moslems but the Soviet authorities confiscate churches and with Christianity. The spirit hidden behind the concealed discourage all recognition of God. Turkey forbids religious and humanitarian teaching is the spirit of propa- religious instruction of minors; Egypt is seeking ganda for "American nationalism"; students are hypnoto prohibit all Christian missionary activity; Per- tized to consider Americans the best people on earth. These teachers are commissioners for Western imperialsia, Japan and China are endeavoring to exclude ism…. Their purpose is not to increase the numbers of religious teaching from both public and private believers in Jesus, but to promote their personal aims ….

[115 ]

Those who send their children to foreign schools are not America. A weak nation, or one in a period of good Turks. If you love your children keep them out of these houses of exploitation. transition like Persia, is much more fearful of un- due outside influence than is a strong, well de- The objections to Christian institutions in non- veloped nation like Great Britain. Also a country Christian lands are said to be mainly on these like Russia, that has suffered agonies because of grounds-"Christian missionaries take advantage counterfeit Christianity, is naturally afraid to of our need for education to establish their sample any brand of religion.

schools; they take advantage of our sickness to Christians are persuaded that Christ is the introduce their hospitals; they take advantage of only true and full revelation of the one God-the our poverty to establish industrial missions; they God who is the creator and personal ruler of the take advantage of our misfortunes to gather our universe, the God who is characterized by Light children into orphanages. All this they do to pro- and Life and Love. They are convinced that only mote their own ideas of capitalism, of imperial- as men recognize and obey this God, who is reism, of Western culture, of the Christian religion." vealed in Christ, will they enjoy the blessings of The modern revolt against religion and against this life and enter into the Life beyond. Chrisforeign institutions in these lands seems to be due tians have no selfish aim to serve in missionary to four main causes: propaganda, unless the effort to promote universal (1) The failure of many so-called Christian peace and goodwill can be said to be selfish. True leaders and teachers-as in Russia-to truly re- Christian missionaries enter the service out of veal the God of love, the Christ of sacrifice and love and loyalty to Christ; because they have a service, the Holy Spirit of truth, purity and message of infinite worth to pass on, an experience of untold value to offer to others, and because they power. (2) The close association of Western Christian- see the poverty, the ills, the ignorance, the many ity with foreign militarism, capitalism, control handicaps from which multitudes are suffering; because they are moved by the love of Christ to and culture. People, like the Chinese, cannot relieve the burdened ones. It is not a sense of understand why American Christians lavishly spend money in a foreign land unless they have superiority that moves to this service but a sense of debt to Christ and to fellow humans. It is the some selfish objective. motive that actuates one who has been cured of a (3) The growth of nationalism has developed dread disease and would share the proved remedy a strong determination to control all national with other sufferers; or one who has found a education and to promote national culture and treasure and is moved to use it to relieve the povcustoms. Each country naturally desires to train erty and hunger of those in dire need. The same its future citizens according to its own ideas. motive, intensified, prompts to missionary service as actuates those who offer food to the hungry and (4) Some missionary representatives, Cath- clothes to the naked, in times of famine and flood. olics and Protestants, have undoubtedly made use of unwise or unfair methods of propaganda. A May it not be that the present reaction against few may have sought to win converts by some missionary institutions in nations like China and form of bribery, coercion, fear, or subtle influence. Persia and Turkey, together with the decrease in One instance of such tactics. is enough to give a missionary conributions in America and England, false stamp to the whole enterprise. The moun- and a general call to revise our missionary methtain of good that missionaries do is buried under ods, all point to the wisdom and necessity for such one mole hill of un-Christlikeness. a revision? Has the time come to withdraw from the general and elaborate educational work, and (5) The present day retrogression in religious even from much medical and philanthropic work liberty is not so much due to the power of any in established centers, and to re-emphasize the special cult or to intolerance of a foreign religion as it is due to a tendency to discredit all religion evangelistic and pioneer work in fields where the or a desire to stamp on the nation a purely na- people are still without the Gospel of Christ? tional philosophy and culture. This is true in Mission hospitals and schools have done a great China and in Turkey. work, where they have truly represented the spirit THE SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM and power and message of Christ, but many of them have outgrown their definite missionary What is the way out of the difficulty for mis- purpose and program. They are looked upon as sionaries and for Christian churches in non-Chris- institutions for secular training and service. Do tian lands? The same policy should be accepted we not need to move out into the rural and unoc- for American and British teachers and preachers cupied regions with simpler forms of material in China, for example, as would be acceptable for equipment?

Hindu, Moslem or Mormon propagandists in Christ and His apostles "turned the world up-

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

side down," but they never established large in- that the presence of the American Mission, with stitutions with elaborate physical equipment, with its schools, impedes the nationalization of the As- foreign funds and under foreign control. They syrian people of the region. The request for with- went everywhere preaching the Word, healing the drawal has been presented in a friendly way and sick, proclaiming liberty to the captive and recov- the Government has made it clear that, should the ering of sight to the blind. They did it in the face mission so desire, other points in Persia may be of misunderstanding; they endured suffering, occupied by the missionaries leaving Urumia.

persecution and death; they did it without salary The Government has also offered to purchase the and without pensions; they did it in faith and buildings and grounds relinquished by the Mission.

their one purpose was to lead men everywhere to Some missionaries have already left Rezaieh turn to God and to become true followers of Jesus and others are to follow at the close of the present Christ. year of the Persian Calendar, about the twenty- Multitudes of Christians at home are as eager first of March. The closing of this work which as ever to give of themselves and their substance has long been dear to the church in America, sacrificially to make known this Gospel. They be- brings sorrow to many. It was here that many of lieve that it may be proclaimed and lived with the great missionaries to Persia lived and worked; such power as to transform men and to enlist and here many of them lie buried in the historic them in the service of Christ, but they are not little cemetery on the mountainside at Seir, a few interested in making sacrifices to support insti- miles from Urumia. What will become of the tutions that give chiefly secular training or that churches which will now be left to depend largely are well equipped and endowed but that do not upon their own resources? It is our prayerful produce adequate results in winning men and hope that they may receive added strength from women to Christ. the emergency caused by the withdrawal of the Mission.

PRESENT SITUATION IN PERSIA The official who has been carrying on most of The Persian picture today presents both high the negotiations is the present acting Minister of lights and dark shadows. The wave of nationalism which has swept over most nations of Asia Education. He is a graduate of the mission colhas also engulfed Persia. Reza Shah Pahlavi has consolidated and strengthened the Government lege in Teheran and is thoroughly sympathetic to and has brought to the country more stability and security than it has enjoyed for hundreds of years. the mission work. He recently appointed two The policy of the Persian Government made it members of the mission on committees that will necessary to concentrate large forces of troops in the region of Rezaieh, formerly known as Urumia, make recommendations for the revision of the where the first Protestant mission station opened in Persia nearly a century ago. The first Amer- primary and secondary curriculums for schools ican missionaries took up their residence there in throughout Persia. Registration has recently been granted to mission schools so that the re- quest to close the Urumia station should not lead to the conclusion that the present Persian Gov- ernment is opposed to the Christian mission work as a whole. J. CHRISTY WILSON.

the year 1835. During the World War all mem- NEW PROJECTS FOR THE PHILIPPINES bers of the staff were forced to leave Urumia for other fields and the physical plant was demolished After a third of a century under the friendly with the exception of the "Sardari" compound, upbuilding control of the United States, some formerly used by the American School for Boys. restless spirits are champing at the guiding bit This building remained standing because it was and are clamoring, not only for freedom but for used as headquarters for the police. When the independence. When the United States Govern- station was reoccupied after the war this com· ment took over control from Spain, after the pound was turned over to the Girls' School. Other Battle of Manila, the Filipinos were uneducated, buildings were reconstructed by the Mission, in- weak and poor. Many parts of the islands were cluding a new plant for the Boys' School, a new still savage, unsubdued and untouched. Super- hospital, a recitation building for the Girls' School stition, ceremony and ignorance were the chief and several residences. characteristics of the religion promoted by cor- Recently the Persian Government has requested rupt Spanish friars. The people generally were the American Mission to withdraw from Rezaieh illiterate and there was no liberty of religious and the Urumia region, before the first of April. thought and life. Foreigners, other than Spanish This is a border point and the ever-present prob- and some Chinese, were unwelcomed.

lem of the Kurdish tribes in the mountains of the Great changes have taken place under Amer- Persian-Turkish border no doubt justifies military ican protection and tutelage. The islands have concentration there. The Government also feels been brought under control of civilized laws and

despotism has been supplanted by democracy in sionary Boards Related to the Philippine Islands." representative government. This plan became effective on January 1, 1934, with the following Boards cooperating- The physical life of the people has been rejuvenated by sanitation, medical care, new roads, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions business prosperity and peace. Intellectual life Methodist Foreign Mission Boards has been stimulated by free schools, the press and Presbyterian U. S. A. the great increase of literature. Religious liberty United Brethren is assured and a trained leadership developed for United Christian Missionary Society Church and State. American Bible Society World's Sunday School Union But the Filipino leaders are naturally not satis- American Baptist Foreign Mission Society (probably) fied. They want independence and full authority to determine their own destiny-in spite of men- This American Missionary Council will study acing dangers without and within. As a child together the problems and needs of their field, will supported and trained by his parents, is ambitious review the work, ~nd plan together more effective to strike out for himself, so these Filipinos are methods of promoting the Kingdom of God in the calling for self-determination and control. They Philippines. do not wish to be cut off from the advantages of free trade with America, or the protecting arm On the field this American Council will work of Uncle Sam's Navy, but they are eager to make through the National Christian Council of the their own laws, administer their own courts, select Philippines whose full-time missionary secretary their own rulers and spend their own funds- will be the Rev. E. K. Higdon, who has been the and as much else as they can get. representative of the American Bible Society. It is hoped that, in the interests of unity, economy The Independence Bill presented at Washing- and efficiency, plans may be developed to improve ton has not proved acceptable to the Filipinos. and extend the work of direct evangelism, Chris- Whether any other bill can be drawn that is ac- tian literature and education, medical work, the ceptable to both parties remains to be seen. rural and social program, stewardship and the training of Christian leaders. In the meantime the Protestant missionary agencies at work in the Philippines have been In every mission field the need of the people for preparing to advance their program of coopera- Christ and the blessings of His message of Life tion. About thirty-five years of evangelistic, edu- inspire various missionary-minded societies to cational and medical work have produced wonders undertake to meet this need. This they attempt in spreading a knowledge of the Gospel, in edu- independently, regardless of what others are docating the people, in the distribution of literature, ing. Then, because of differences in theology, in improving health through hospitals and clinics forms, worship, organization or history they find and in the training of Christian leaders. There themselves engaged in competitive missionary are now seventeen evangelical societies at work work. When ideas of comity begin to take hold in the islands-under nine denominations and the efforts are made to divide the territory (as in three interdenominational societies. From the Korea and Puerto Rico), or to form union or cofirst there has been an attempt to divide the ter- operative institutions, as in China and elsewhere. ritory and to promote cooperative effort. A Na- The last step for those not too widely separated tional Christian Council has been formed to in- in doctrine and method is to consolidate churches clude Filipino leaders and representatives of most and institutions, as has been done in some denomof the Protestant missions. inational families in India, China and Japan. After all the aim of Christians is to be so united Now an effort is being put forth to promote to Jesus Christ, and to be so completely under the still further unity and cooperation among the leadership and power of the Holy Spirit that the evangelical missions on the field and among the prayer of Christ may be realized "That all may Mission Boards in America. It is hoped that this be one"-in spirit, in purpose, in the fellowship will not only help to advance the cause of Christ of worship and service. in the Philippines but will be an example of what can be done in other larger and more complex "You young missionaries who desire to fields. put your whole lives into Christian service in A conference on cooperation was held in East Orange, N. J., last June with thirty-five repre- rural Japan should not talk religion at first. sentatives of eleven Boards present. This has been followed by other committee meetings on One whole year-just be kind. The second September 6th and December 15th. As a result a plan was launched with the approval of nine whole year just love the farmers. The third Boards to form "The American Council of Mis- year you may preach Christ-and they will listen to you." TOYOHIKO KAGAWA.

Medical Missions in Arabia?

By W. HAROLD STORM, Muscat, Arabia A Medical Missionary of the Reformed Church in America AT THE close of the sixth century after the Arabian Mission, issued in 1893, we read the fol- .r.. birth of Christ, the Arabian peninsula be- lowing: came the birthplace and cradle of Moham- The one greatest need of the Mission is a medical mismedanism. Succeeding generations witnessed the sionary staff. Medical work is the one phase of missionary phenomenal spread of this new religion from the effort which meets with no opposition, but for which there Arabian desert as the center out over three con- comes a fervent plea from the people. tinents until it reached the shores of the Atlantic on the west and far-off China on the east. Today Bertram Thomas, the great English explorer, there are some 250,000,000 followers of Mo- in his recently published book entitled, "Arabia hammed who bow five times daily towards Mecca, Felix," writes: "My medicine chest has acquired the pilgrimage city in west Arabia. for me a spurious fame and, as ever, afflicted hu- manity was brought to me."

When I paid my first visit to Sur in 1932, no medical missionary had ever been there before. The lame, blind and fevered were brought to me at once. A great crowd had assembled on the sea- front, even before I had landed from our sailboat. No questions were asked. It was enough that here was a doctor and here was suffering hu- manity.

A CARAVAN RESTING OUTSIDE A DESERT TOWN Medical missions have played an important part in advancing the cause of Christ in Arabia Today many parts of the Mohammedan world by the relief of human suffering and by the reare changing very rapidly. Arabia stands alone moval of prejudice, fear and superstition. As a almost adamant and irresistible to change both result the access is gained to minds and hearts from within and without. True, some changes are taking place even in this neglected peninsula. TYPICAL ARAB BEDOUIN OF DHUFAR The next decade will undoubtedly witness many startling transformations in life and habits and that would otherwise be inaccessible. The history customs of the inhabitants of Arabia. The Im- of the Arabian Mission clearly shows that the adperial Airways of Great Britain, the Standard Oil vancement of the Gospel has followed very closely, Company of California and the recent explora- step by step, the path of the missionary physician. tions of Bertram Thomas and St. John Philby have opened this hitherto isolated desert to the There are now seven missionary hospitals in Western world. Commerce is insistantly knock- Arabia (not including Iraq and Syria). On the ing at its doors. Thus far these rapidly develop- east coast the Government also conducts dispening changes have aff~cted but little the mental attitude of the people.

Into such a pioneer field the Arabian Mission of the Reformed Church in America came fortyfive years ago with its message of hope. The medical work of the Mission has been emphasized from the very beginning. The intolerant attitude of the Moslem mind towards the non-Moslem, especially toward a Christian teacher or preacher, gives way to a much more tolerant attitude towards a physician. In the fifth report of the [119 ]

saries at four ports. These hospitals are in per- was Peter Zwemer, one of the pioneers of the manent stations where the early doctors of the Arabian Mission. After thirty years those doors, mission have labored through years of patient long closed, are now being opened for the itinertoil. Slowly prejudice, fear and superstition have ating medical missionary. been broken down as, year after year, people from the towns and Bedouins from the desert have In 1931 a letter came from the Amir of Ja'alan come to the hospital to receive treatment – and asking us to come and treat his brother. For a have returned to their friends and homes with long time the Mission had been praying for such grateful hearts and a new vision of life. Their an opening. Ja'alan is a small section of southexperience was so different from anything they eastern Arabia but the leading tribe there, the Beni Bu Ali, is among the important tribes of A WAYSIDE OPERATION ON THE RUNNING BOARD southeastern Arabia. This call from the ruling Sheikh opened that section for the first time to had known that, after seeing the doctor at work, missionary work. Friendships made at that time they would often ask the reason for his coming are bringing patients into the hospital with among them to do this work. One Arab said to greater confidence and understanding. me one day in the hospital: When the doctor arrived great crowds gathered "Why do you do this to me? I see you are not that had never before seen a trained physician. here for any political reason or for personal gain. Caravans, with their burdens led by wild, greasy Why do you do this for me and my people?" Bedouins, came in great numbers and offered the finest opportunity to spread Christian knowledge I explained the reason and told him that back and influence. of our work was God's love for the Arab people. His eyes opened and I could see that there had In 1932 we made our third tour into unknown dawned within his mind a different conception of territory within three successive years. This us and our Message. Fear and prejudice no longer time we visited Dhufar Province and the desert held sway over him. between there and Muscat. Thousands of Bed- ouins and many tribes saw and were treated by a Opening Closed Doors doctor for the first time. Oh! the thrill of meet- Much of inland Arabia can only be visited oc- ing such groups and thus expressing to them the casionally from the coast towns where our per- spirit and teachings of Christ. manent stations are located. By these tours closed doors are opened, friendships are won, and At present the shortage of men and funds preinaccessible minds are made accessible. vent any further follow-up of these tours, but the In 1930 we made a tour inland to the top of doors stand ajar and Arab friends are shouting: Jebel Akhthar (Green Mountain) where for over "Come and help us." thirty years, the door had been closed. On coming down the mountain side we halted at noon to WAITING TO SEE THE DOCTOR-DISPENSARY CROWD rest while my hospital helper prepared our meal AT JA'ALOU of kabab (meat cut into small pieces and roasted over an open fire). An old gray-bearded Arab The more proficient the doctor, the greater will came up and said: "Thirty years ago I guided be the weight that his message will carry. There another of your people over these same hills." are wonderful opportunities for the medical mis- He could not remember the name of the man but sionary to investigate some of the many diseases he said that the stranger would often sit down and problems that confront him. Thus, from the with them beside the campfire and read to them wealth of clinical material, he can make worthout of his book about Esa (Christ). The man while contributions to his own field of science.

There is also the great field of hygiene and pub- lic health. Come with me to Sur, a city of several

WHY MEDICAL MISSIONS IN ARABIA?

thousand population and a great nomadic center. noon, two Arab men came and said, "Are you not Only one house in Sur has any kind of drainage going to have a service in the hospital this aftersystem. Large dumps are located at the intersec- noon as you do in Muscat? We want you to have tions of street corners, and are higher than the it." native huts surrounding them. These refuse heaps are the play ground for children and the feeding In a field like Arabia, there is the finest opporground for goats. Attempts are being made to tunity to link the medical side of the work up with the whole missionary program. Some critics of A SUR CITY DUMP HEAP AND PLAYGROUND missions are prone to pigeon-hole, almost cate- gorically, the different phases of mission work, combat ignorance and superstition and thereby attaching to each a separate "Modus operandi." to promote better living conditions. Some even treat them as individual entities rather than units having a centralized motivating force We have also the responsibility for safeguard- and working towards one common goal. It is ing the health of fellow missionaries. This is of true that each phase of work has its own peculiar inestimable value in helping to advance the cause requirements. To the medical missionary is asof Christ. A mission station must be healthy to signed the relief of human suffering, scientific rebe efficient. searches in his own field, and the building up of an efficient and workable public health system. To Some would advise medical missionaries not to the agriculturalist is given the problem of makspeak to sick folks about Christ lest we offend ing two blades of grass grow where only one grew them or prejudice their sensitive natures. before. The teacher faces the common problem of teaching the rudiments of learning and the Recently an outstanding Christian worker in task of developing and promoting an efficient edu- America was expressing to me this fear and was cational system. Each has something definite to criticizing missions for doing religious work in contribute to the general program of missions but their medical practice. She 'said that in this country such things were not done. I had been an in- A TYPICAL SCENE~THE SHIP OF THE DESERT tern in one of the large city hospitals, a church hospital of her own denomination. I told her that each should undertake to use his opportunities there compulsory religious services were held in and talents to win men to Christ and His service. each ward as the order of the day. Not only were the patients expected to listen but the nurses as Any ambassador of Christ must have chiefly a well. In Muscat we begin the day's work with passionate, devoted and intense loyalty to the One prayers, but they are in no sense compulsory and whom he represents. We who represent Christ anyone may leave whenever he desires. Personal in Arabia must have a passionate loyalty to Him work is done as the Spirit leads and as oppor- whatever may be our special line of work. tunities offer. As John the Baptist said of himself, "I am the Will the Mohammedan patient be offended if voice of one crying in the wilderness, make he be told about Christ? One morning I was straight the way of the Lord"; so medical misspeaking to the clinic crowd. The theme was sionaries in Arabia can say, "We are helping to Christ's words, "Come unto me and I will give pave the way for the Lord and to declare His you rest." In the midst of the service a very message of peace, joy and salvation." prominent Arab interrupted saying, "That is what we need, go on and explain what Esa (Christ) means when he says that." Several others nodded assent and showed their interest. Certainly no one was offended. In Dhufar, one Sunday after-

Laymen's Inquiry

Disbands n..A FTER over three years of work, resulting in Although the Laymen's Committee has been the publication of "Re-Thinking Missions" deeply concerned to have "Re-Thinking Missions" and the seven supplementary volumes, the understood by the supporters of the missionary Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry Committee has enterprise, it has at no time indulged in any efdecided to disband. While we do not agree with fort to further adoption of the recommendations their conception of the basis and main purpose of contained in the Report. Neither has it ever atforeign missions, we concede that they have ear- tempted to defend them. The position of the nestly endeavored to present the foreign mission committee has been that it was its duty to present enterprise as they see it and have shown more the Report with the Supplemenary series to the Christian spirit and courtesy than some of their American people and let it speak for itself. It opponents. We believe that the Report has been has on request, however, arranged for commisdiscredited because of its departure from the New sioners and fact-finders, as desired, to address Testament basis but that many of its practical groups in different parts of the country who were recommendations will be accepted and put into interested in having the report explained and operation. The Committee's statement is as fol- amplified ….. . lows: Our earnest hope is that the Report will be- The Laymen's Committee, organized to conduct come more and more effective as the inevitability an inquiry concerning foreign missions, feels that of its major recommendations is recognized by the purposes for which the Inquiry was organized an enlightened Christian public. The committee have now been achieved. These purposes were to perceives clearly the rising tide of interest in the make a fair and impartial study of the mission new viewpoint on missions and is profoundly situation in India, China and Japan to aid laymen grateful for the part the Report has played in to determine their attitude toward Foreign Mis- arousing such interest. The committee believes, sions, by reconsidering the functions of such mis- however, that the time has now come when the sions in the world today, with this general aim: program for making the Report effective should be in the hands of another group, with new leader- (a) To make an objective appraisal of their activities ship. in the fields visited. In order to clear the way for this new leader- (b) To observe'the effect of missions on the life of the ship, the committee, after careful consideration, peoples of the Orient. has decided to dissolve. In coming to this decision the committee wishes to express its deep convic- (c) In the light of existing conditions and profiting, tion that the truth in the Report will ultimately though not bound, by missionary experience, to work out prevail. Because of this conviction, they are a practical program for today, offering recommendations willing to leave the Report with the American as to the extent to which missionary activities of every people and disband with the consciousness of havsort should be continued or changed. ing performed their task with honesty, fidelity and a deep desire to serve the cause of missions. Their further duty was to present to the American public the findings of the commission and ALBERT L. SCOTT, Chairman. the facts gathered by the Institute of Social and Religious Research by the publishing of "Re- Thinking Missions" and the seven supplementary volumes. This task has now been accomplished.

AN AFRICAN'S THANKSGIVING I know that it is Jesus who redeemed me from sin. I want to thank the missionaries for enduring the'difficult things of our country. You came to us with joy even though we were so repulsive, and living in little houses one had to crawl into. Now we live in real houses and worship the living God and the Lord Jesus Christ who has saved us. They found us almost naked; now we are clothed. Now we know how to write, to make chairs of the bushrope of our own forest, to make shoes, to sew clothes, not to mention the things of the machines and the many other accomplishments of my brothers. We surpass in giving you thanks.

Silas Nna AbOlO.

[122 ]

Challenge of the Present

* nDo New World Conditions Call for Changes in Missionary Method and Policy?"

-.. ~ By the REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D.

I President of the American University at Cairo, Egypt A WIDELY prevalent view persists that we sionary boards of America, in their financial years are living to-day in critical and changing which ended in 192'9, received $21,489,089; four conditions. There are those to whom the years later, namely, during the year ending in word "new" arouses reactions of anxiety, if not 1933, they received but $15,007,540, or 69 per cent of fear or hostility. It represents fundamentally of their former high water mark. We compare to them discontinuity, loss, the the American staff under ap- imperiling of the assured val- pointment (including wives) ues of the old. It spells risk. The outstanding paper pre~ and find a reduction of 10 per It is not in that sense that we sented at the Foreign Mis~ cent for the same period, al- conceive of the unfolding of the sions Conference at Garden though the effort was generally aty is the one printed here world's development, or the made to avoid reductions in opening up of new chapters of in a slightly condensed form. personnel. In some boards the world's history. To us, the there are only half .as many old is ever in the new; it is It created a sensation and missionaries on the field as carried over; the new grows there were ten years ago. Nor out of the old; yet it is new and prolonged applause, for it does the financial barometer different, and if different, it faces the facts frankly, con~ show any sign of rallying; no calls for different attitudes and siders the causes for the ap~ one knows when it will stop methods, different approaches dropping. parent recent recession in missionary interest, the les~ sons and the remedy. It is a statesman ~ like presentation and policies. and every Christian will be The results of this financial There are three places in the encouraged to see the evidence stringency in the mission field missionary enterprise which of wise planning on the part are striking and tragic. Varimay call for corresponding of missionary executives to ous stages have been passed changes. The first is in the through. The first was a mere foreign field, in the method of follow the guidance of the pruning without actual loss. It conducting the missionary en- Spirit of God and to accept is remarkable, whether in a terprise abroad. The second is HThe Challenge of the Pres~ family budget or a mission's at home in the method of ad- ent Crisis" courageously, in~ budget, how a considerable ministering the work. The financial reduction may be ac- telligently and sacrificially. Keeping first things first, we must advance to victory in the third is in the form of the ap- name and power of Christ. cepted without loss of essential peal to the supporting con- values. But quickly missions stituency at home. were required to pass to a sec- New Financial Stringency ond stage of relluction, where salaries were cut 10 per cent, replacement of missionaries ceased, First among the new world conditions affecting native workers were discharged, certain instituthe missionary enterprise is the financial strin- tions were closed. Nor was it possible to stop gency. For certain boards the high water mark here. A third stage had to be entered where of missionary receipts was reached in 1920 or soon a second cut, sometimes a third cut, in salaries was after, so that for them the downward trend pre- inflicted-as much as 33 per cent. Missionaries at ceded the financial crisis of 1929. But the decline home on furlough were not returned to the field, was slight and we will note only that marked financial decline which has accompanied our na- all furloughs were postponed one year, mission- tional financial crisis. Eight major foreign mis- aries were even recalled, in some cases properties were sold. As a result in many areas discourage- * Condensed from an address delivered at the Foreign Missions ment has set 'In; health'IS. be'Ing endangered ; Conferene", Garden City, L. 1., New York, January 4, 1934.

[123 ] ' ..

morale is none too good; while outside the mis- financial but maximum spiritual program, based sionary circle we hear talk of missions having had on available resources, but which will indicate at their day, being at the end of their cycle. the same time special directions in which unex- pected resources might be invested. Meanwhile at the home base, boards are distracted with banking problems, board secretaries Seventh. If the foregoing plan were adopted, are absorbed in promotion activities if perad- it would become obvious that where two or more venture by one more speech another dollar or thou- boards are operating in the same area, these consand dollars may be secured. We have no inten- ferences on field policy should be coordinated. tion of picturing the situation as one of panic or Thus there would emerge a united mission policy of rout. Faith and courage have triumphed but for the entire area, where the funds and forces strong language is needed to portray adequately and activities of all the missions will at least be the sense of strain and the degree of damage consciously related to each other in one unified wrought. field program, even though holding to their sepa- rate mission organization. Nothing would chal- False inferences of all sorts might be drawn lenge unity on the field so much as to have the from this picture. But we are discussing the situ- representatives of the several boards visit a given ation for purposes of diagnosis with a view to field at the same time, conduct their investigations cure, so that we do well to face up to its implica- and study the problems of the field in collaborations. The implications of this situation seem to tion with each other or even together. Perhaps us to be as follows: the greatest achievements in missionary states- manship, the greatest increase in missionary ef- First. Missions are in for a reduced scale of fectiveness, the greatest economies in missionary operations amounting to from one-third to two- administratioll and the greatest inspiration in thirds of their former financial budgets. Christianity unity may yet come out of this de- pression if it results in the adoption for each mis- Second. The period of financial stringency seems sion field of a unified missionary program, in likely to last in the case of foreign missions for which church and boards and missions already at least three more years and possibly five. working in that area shall pool their men and their money, their minds and their hearts, their policies Third. The need of the hour is a program of and their methods, in one plan, to bring Christ to missionary activities in each field which will con- that area. sist not in a proportional reduction of the various elements of the former program, but a program We have been thinking of new policies for the completely recast and conceived in terms of the sake of their value to the field, but it is to be noted resources of money and men available; as also in that there are values of enormous significance to terms of other new conditions. the home Church in any such developments: for the example of such Christian unity and the chal- Fourth. The working out of a constructive pro- lenge of such comprehensive and creative thinking gram adapted to the new financial situation would will not be lost on the life of the Church in Amerbring to each field a sense of strength and security, ica, and might move it as nothing yet has done. of courage and hope, contrasting sharply with the sense of uncertainty now observable in many The New National Consciousness places. Weare witnessing to-day in almost every mis- Fifth. The working out in each field of such a sion field a national or racial consciousness and new program is justified by the probable five-year sensitiveness that introduces a new factor into continuance of the present financial stringency, both our missionary problems and our missionary and because five years from now, we shall be opportunities. Fifty years ago, the Egyptian with facing conditions so greatly changed that the ad- whom my father dealt was merely a human atom. vances we shall wish to undertake will lie in direc- He thought of himself as a poor man or as a rich tions quite other than in any mere revival and man, as a man of rank and power or as a man of extension of suspended activities. no honor, but he was just an unrelated individual, unless indeed he thought of his religion and was Sixth. The working out of a new program for thus related to his religious group as a member each mission field constitutes an undertaking so of the Islamic brotherhood or as a member of the difficult that it is going to require the combined Coptic Church. This was the only group consciousbrain and heart power of the boards at home, the ness that came to him. To-day his consciousness missionaries abroad and the native leaders both is, "I am an Egyptian; my country is Egypt."· lay and clerical. To this end, it would seem neces- This national consciousness has brought with it sary for each board to allocate at least one of its a whole set of feelings, of ambitions. The rise of strongest minds to visit each mission during this coming year, 1934-35, so as to sit down in conference with missionaries and native leaders on the field and to work out a five-year minimum

1934J THE CHALLENGE OF THE PRESENT CRISIS

nationalism has imparted to certain groups of allowing them to germinate in the life of a people humanity a consciousness of national egoism and producing what they may of theological interpre- egotism, national aspirations and attitudes. This tation, of social outworking, of ecclesiastical or- is something new: a new dynamic made available ganization, we bring in our foreign conceptions, and a new problem to be reckoned with. For il- so that, as Dr. Richter complains, in almost every lustration, listen to the recent complaint of a land the Christian Church is felt to be a foreign Turkish national as he passes in review your mis- church, however much we call it indigenous. Is it sion schools. The following appeared a few months any wonder that the emerging nationalistic con- ago in the Birlik representing the Students' Union sciousness should find in the work and methods of in the new higher educational institutions of missions something inimical and objectionable, Turkey: not because it is Christian but because it is alien "For long years the harmfulness of the foreign schools and foreign? One thinks of how Christ has slipped for the country has been emphasized over and over again, into our Western life with none of these disabilat conferences or through newspaper articles. . . . To un- ities, Oriential though He was. Must we not derstand the harmfulness of the foreign schools, we should modify our missionary enterprise so that it will first define the function of education. . . . 'Education is permit Him, with equal inoffensiveness, to slip into the socialization of the young generation.' … Who is it the life of China and Arabia, India and Japan, to- day? What, then, are some of the implications of that, in a foreign school, influences the development of the child? . . . It is a Catholic priest, or a 'Miss from New York,' or an Italian fascist, or a German nationalist, a this new world missionary situation?

member of another society-in short, a foreigner. . . .

When we pass to its educational function, we meet first What Must We Do? of all a moral education. You are constantly lectured about 'character building.' This work of 'character build- First. That we clothe the entire missionary en- ing' is without exception undertaken by American teach- terprise with a new spirit of humble, deferential ers and all the activities of the school are centered on this service. If the Christian missionary be a superior point. . . . The material for the inculcation of 'character being, or the bearer of a superior culture, let it building' is usually taken from the Gospels, without, how- not be his lips or bearing that will proclaim that ever, telling the student at the start what the source of the selection it. Another important activity of the schools fact, nor even his consciousness of it that will is the student discussion group. These are directed very keep alive a knowledge of this fact. Let it be those ingeniously and the student is always led in a certain to whom he goes who will bear testimony to it. As definite channel of thinking. This may be, for example, for the missionary, let him be the servant of Jesus such a virtue as honesty or purity of heart. But the striking point is this, that the paths that lead to these Christ, ever ready to be all things to all men: let virtues, though concealed at the start, all pass through that suffice for him. Christianity." However, the new day calls not merely for a Nor do such attitudes and feelings limit them- new spirit in the missionary, but a new spirit in selves to mere words. They take the form of gov- the sending churches. These foreign peoples to ernment decrees and legislation limiting the lib- whom we go are within hearing distance to-day erty of action of the missionary. In Persia, all as our missionary achievements are being reported elementary schools are forbidden to the mission- to the home churches. They read our promotion ary. In Turkey, all religious work is banished literature, our mission study textbooks, and they from the schools. So great is the national sensi- say, "We do not like the way you speak of us; it tiveness that, as a missionary from Turkey said is often harsh and unkind, sometimes even un- to me, "They do not want us to do anything for true; we do not like the way you glory in your them; they want to do it themselves. Even if it spiritual achievements among us; we thought you be a beneficent activity-an industrial school, an were serving us disinterestedly and, 10, we find orphanage, social welfare-they are jealous of our you nailing our spiritual scalps as trophies upon very success in operating such centers." the walls of your home churches; you glory in Missions, of course, were not primarily responsi- the breakdown of our culture and social fabric ble for the appearance of nationalism, yet one asks and time-hallowed traditions; you boast of numwhether missionary policy has not aggravated bers drawn out of the social life of the country and the situation and in certain quarters brought incorporated into your foreign organizations, inupon the enterprise the hostility that has been en- stead of rejoicing in the reconstruction of our gendered. Alas, to this emerging nationalism, how native life itself by the purifying spirit of Christ."

obvious is our Nordic superiority attitude! How Allowing for an oversensitive nationalistic spir- manifest our foreign character! How insistent we it, is there not much force in what they say? If are upon our foreign ways, our architecture, our so, must we not impart a truer Christian spirit to organizational forms, our ritual, our hymnology our missionary addresses, to our appeals to the and our theology! How impatient for results, so home Church, and awaken a living passion for that instead of planting principles and ideas and missionary service in some more loving way, so

that the legitimate rights of this new nationalistic forms, our social conceptions, instead of constantly consciousness and sensitiveness shall be respected challenging him to take the spiritual content, and not only on the field but at home? to do creative thinking in his own racial terms, Second. A further implication of the national- following his own racial spirit and temper. And istic development is that we must transfer ad- because human nature for the most part is willing ministrative responsibility and leadership to nat- to be told what to believe and what to do, our ive shoulders wherever possible, even at some missionary Gospel yields to the temptation and be- sacrifice of administrative efficiency. In several comes dictatorial and dogmatic, where it ought to countries there are Christian nationals, or even a remain spiritual, ever challenging to creative native Christian organization, to whom responsi- thinking. Where Christ preached principles, our bility may be transferred. The emphasis placed evangelism inclines to lay down rules. Where He upon this policy of transfer carries implications in generated life, we tend to create organization. two opposite directions. On the one hand ther~ Against our error, this new racial and nationalistic are many situations where progress in the direc- sensitiveness is an unconscious protest.

tion of such transfer has become deadlock; strong The Rising Generation personalities or tenacious Western policies rule the day and it will be one of the tasks of the new policy A third factor in the present-day mISSIOnary makers, to see that this principle is adequately ac- situation is the attitude of the rising generation cepted in practice. But in the very opposite direc- toward Christian missions. No more vital or more tion, provision must also be made, simultaneously serious question can be raised than this: Are and by way of compensation, for a new type of foreign missions commanding the interest and almissionary service. Where leadership is given to legiance of the younger generation? If not, then a reasonably equipped native leader, he should be we may go on for a while, with the financial gifts given a helper-may we call him "the new day of a loyal but diminishing group of the old guard missionary"-who will forever obliterate himself, and with the support of legacies registering the as he persistently helps, guides, reenforces, ad- interest of a by-gone age, but, for all that, the vises the national who has been put into the place handwriting on the wall marks the impending end of leadership, so that the latter will not fail, will of the enterprise. This problem, we believe, is a not cease advancing, will not give up creative world problem, but each country has its own pecuthinking. How difficult is this task! How hard to liar mentality characterizing its rising generation. find this ideal missionary for the new day! Yet At three points we find a changed outlook in this the new day has sounded the challenge and ulti- younger generation.

mately all our missionaries must be of this type 1. The first is in their attitude toward nonand all work must be conducted in this spirit. The Christian religions. The sacred books of other repronoun of the future must be not "our," but ligions have been translated and are seen to con- "their." tain many praiseworthy spiritual truths. Amer- Third. Another implication of this wave of na- ican education assumes the evolutionary principle tionalistic feeling is that we must modify our evan- in the physical world and this concept naturally gelistic methods and make them more spiritual. pervades all other spheres of thought. The wide- I use "evangelistic" in the widest sense of our spread philosophy of values and the value ap- total presentation of Christ to the non-Christian proach to all problems have tended to legitimize world. Our presentation of Christ has not been non-Christian religions. The deep discontent with adequately spiritual and creative. It has not been the achievements of Christianity itself in dealing adequately spiritual in that it has not emphasized with social, economic and international relations spirit, but form. We have been too certain of just has weakened the sense of assurance about its what He would spell in the life of these peoples, value to the world. This attitude toward nonwhose historic background ~nd culture is so dif- Christian religions may lead to a syncretistic view ferent from ours and is to-day asserting its nation- of religion or to a maudlin sentimentalism about al and racial character. We are in a hurry, so we the beauties of Orientalism. However, its values impose our ready-made interpretations. We are are not to be denied.

also afraid that other significanes of Christ may 2. Another feature in the changed outlook of not be quite correct, so we suggest to them what youth is the indifference to organized religion, or Christ has signified to us, as the only significance actual distaste for it. It is conceded that all good possible. Thus we block creative thinking and cre- causes must take form and maintain a measure of ative living by the very methods we use and the organization, and that religion will need a measure very spirit we display in our evangelism. We chal- of organization, but such organization must only lenge the inquirer to take our theological formulas, be allowed an instrumental value, not an intrinsic our ecclesiastical organizations, our ritualistic value. The church is regarded as one more great

THE CHALLENGE OF THE PRESENT CRISIS

domineering organization that has built itself up your young missionary leaders and administra- to the point where its organization exceeds its life. tors ?" History records the inspiring rallying of All of this explains a general falling away of youth young life in America to the cause of foreign mis- from the church, and it must be confessed that to sions that followed hard, over forty years ago, some extent foreign missions seems to youth open upon the appearance in the ranks of leaders and to the same criticism. Missionary reports with missionary administrators of two young men, their emphasis on churches established, communi- John R. Mott and Robert E. Speer. The word ran, cants enrolled, fail to interest him. It all sounds among the youth of this country, like the whisper like mere organizational development. What he of a breeze foretelling a great and mighty wind, wants to know is how society has been changed, "This is our movement. This is a challenge to our what influence is being exerted upon the com- generation." Is it not time for history to repeat munity, what difference is really made in the life itself?

of a non-Christian when he becomes a Christian. New Intimacies of Contact 3. A third feature of youth's outlook centers in A fourth factor in the world situation has to the question, What are the issues that really mat- do with the new intimacies of contact between soter to-day in respect to world progress? The an- called Christian and non-Christian lands. Formerswer of American youth seems to be, "Three ly the government's diplomatic representatives things: economic and social justice, race and inter- and the Christian missionary constituted the two national relations, the abolition of war." Up these chief contacts between East and West. Now, with three roads goes the idealistic thought life of the facilities of travel, the extension of commerce American youth. The question therefore asked, and the numerous forms of inter-communication, implicitly or explicitly, is, Are foreign missions one might almost say that Shanghai is in New serving these three ends, or is it just an artificial York State, Cairo is in France, and Bombay is in movement, a bit of propaganda for setting up Sussex County, England. Who is it who is inchurch organization in foreign lands to the glory fluencing Egypt, for example? The Englishman of the Church at home. in the Residency, the foreigner in the commercial The Implications of This Situation house, the tourist at Shepheards Hotel, the mis- The first implication of this serious situation sionary, the foreign press, the latest book from has to do with the appeal and message to youth. Paris, the movie from Hollywood, the radio mes- The missionary movement must learn to speak the sage from anywhere? Which is speaking the loudlanguage of youth and to view the world from est, making the deepest dent upon the life of the youth's point of view. The theological statements country? Gone are the sheltered days of comparaand language of a generation ago do not as a rule, tive isolation, and the missionary enterprise is segrip the youth of to-day. The missionary message riously affected thereby. Upon his nation and relifor them must be concrete and factual. It must gion are heaped the odium of the iniquitous stress the humane side of non-Christian religions capitUlations of the Near East, the use of gunand show a spirit of appreciation of all that is boats in China, the scandals of the exploitation of good. It must elaborate not the organizational de- natives in the Congo, the abuses of the mining revelopment of the work, but its practical outcome gions of Rhodesia, the spread of intemperance and in life. It must be able to trace the vitalizing narcotics with centers in Switzerland, the white power of the spiritual truth which the mission- slave traffic promoted from Greece. Gone are the ary carries to foreign lands, so that youth may see old barriers of ocean and language and timidity. the connection between it and the transformation The world is one great neighborhood. What are of social conditions. It must have a spiritual qual- the implications of this new situation? We name ity and be pervaded with a consciousness of a liv- but two.

ing God at work in the world. Can we who advo- First. We cannot shirk responsibility for the cate missions be sufficient for these things? The moral quality of our so-called Christian world.

prize is worth the effort, for unless foreign mis- Where it is unworthy it will hamper us in our sions capture the imagination of the rising Chris- task. We must, therefore, do what we can to re- tian generation, they will not support it, but will move the offenses of Western civilization. We seek some other expression of world service. may repUdiate the capitulations and all gunboat The other implication is that Christian youth protection, as was done at Jerusalem. We may must be given a larger and more responsible share protest until Belgian Congo injustices are ended, in the leadership of the foreign missionary move- as we did. We may appeal to high-minded officials ment. A veteran in missionary service, when to treat natives with justice and humanity by asked to express his opinion about the missionary making such high grade studies of conditions as situation in Great Britain, focussed his entire Mr. Merle Davis has recently made in Central criticism in one devastating question, "Where are Africa. We may do what we can to Christianize

Hollywood for the sake of the ends of the earth economic upheavals for the foreign missionary enwhose imaginations it is polluting. All this we terprise? must do and much more, but to do it successfully we must pay the price. And the price is a unity First. The foreign missionary enterprise should which will enable us to speak with one voice and certainly not allow itself or its message to be idenheart. tified with any particular economic system. It has supporters among those whose present activi- Second. The missionary movement must work ties lie within the capitalistic system, since this out some constructive and positive program which has been the only economic system of the past. will make use of these more intimate contacts of Some of these personalities are sincere defenders East with West. It is not enough to try to check of capitalism. Others are laboring to modify its the evil. These contacts afford new opportunities form, if not to displace it altogether. On the other whose cultivation may possess greater significance hand, there are idealists who would identify the than older methods. For example, there is a place Christian message at home and abroad with what to-day for a great program of interchange of they describe as the pure altruistic spirit of a thought between East and West through visits of communistic world. The reason why Christian men of world reputation. Why should Chinese missions must hold aloof from identification with Christianity be left without any defender in high either capitalism or communism is not to lay places against the insidious anti-religious philos- claim to support from both sides, but because, like ophy of a Bertrand Russell? Has the Christian Christianity itself, it has no business to endorse Church no men or ability through whom to counter concrete political or economic programs and orsuch influences? So, too, with literature. The ganizations, but only to set forth Christian princistreams that are flowing from West to East under ples of love and justice and truth and Christian purely commercial guidance are to a large extent service, all of which must take form through the polluted streams. Where is a Christian literature creative judgment of men, everywhere subject to agency sufficiently well organized and well in- error and even self-deception. formed and representative to serve this phase of the new intimate contacts of East and West? A Second. Another implication is that in this richer and more practical unity among the Chris- great economic upheaval Christian missions, even tian forces is the price of such a service to the as also the Christian Church at home, should world. speak forth in unmistakable terms those great Christian principles of love and justice and service In these and other ways, the new intimacies of and human brotherhood, and condemning with contact between East and West challenge us to equal courage every denial of these principles in new lines of approach and new methods of work. whatever system such denial is found. Nor does any mere declaration of principles suffice; it is the New Economic Upheaval function of Christianity to breed a generation of leaders and reformers who with patience and per- The fifth factor in the world situation is the sistence, with wisdom and with boldness, will seek world-wide questioning of the economic order. It to find the best way for enthroning Christ in the has been well said that all other world changes economic and social life of the nations. It speaks find their rootage in this: the financial stringency ill for the Christian Church, if it cannot heartily quite obviously, the accentuated nationalistic feel- support such men as Kagawa, who are baptized ing, and the changed attitude of the rising genera- with the Spirit of Christ even unto sacrifice and tion. Capitalism, as it has functioned hitherto, crucifixion. has evidently been weighed in the balance against a number of varieties of human good and has been Third. A last implication of the present ecofound wanting. The drift is away from capitalism nomic situation has to do with the future support and individualism toward some form of collectiv- of missions. It may be that, as never before, the ism. Meanwhile at the opposite extreme beckons foreign missionary enterprise must appeal to the communism. Many who endorse the collective rank and file of Christians of small means. It has ideals of communism, draw back with horror always been true that the bulk of missionary from its proposed violent methods for realizing its monies has come from small gifts, yet the future ends. As a method of government, pure democracy may show markedly diminishing returns from inalso has suffered a severe setback, and while Amer- vestments, from legacies and from living donors ica is yielding voluntarily to a wholly unpre- of great wealth. This work will remain the recedented centralization of power, other lands- sponsibility of that circle of Christians whose love Italy, Turkey and Germany-have submitted to can fly across the ocean and whose experience of fascist rule. On these stormy seas is tossed the Christ makes them believe in His ability to save frail bark of foreign missions. What course shall the world. But this circle needs to be broadened, it steer? What are the implications of the present for one only needs to see the wanton expenditure

of money to-day, even in these times of supposed tianity itself: for the foreign missionary movedepression, in pleasure, in social life, in luxuries ment has been the most spiritual, the most dynamand in amusements, to realize that it is not lack of ic and the most vision-creating element in the money that makes for retrenchment in missions, Church's life. If new life does not gush forth but the fact that we have not yet begun to give here, the whole life of American Christianity is Christ's world-program a serious place in our con- in for a moribund period. Our greatest enemy is ception of Christian duty and Christian life. complacency, inertia, apathy-an apathy which stands over against great cataclysms and says, Can We Do It? "Where is the promise of His presence? for, from the day that the fathers fell asleep, all things con- I verily believe that what matters most is not tinue as they were from the beginning of creawhether the five world conditions described as tion." On the other hand, if we take the pilgrim new are the only ones or even the more important attitude of pressing on to the discovery of the ones, whether the implications suggested are the Eternal Creative Mind, there are ahead of us hard correct ones or not. The chief point is whether disciplines, severe sacrifices of cherished ways, the foreign missionary enterprise is capable of long and thoroughgoing studies of difficult probbreaking forth with new creative energy and new lems, but also inspiring discoveries of God's will -spiritual power in this great moment of crisis in and glad surprises of His love and power. the world's history. It is not foreign missions alone that is at stake, it is the Church and Chris- THEORY AND PRACTICE By PROFESSOR M. C. McFEETERS, ASSIUT COLLEGE, EGYPT "It is suggested that before missionaries undertake further experiments in cattle breed~ ing, the problems involved be carefully analyzed by a committee consisting of a livestock geneticist, an animal nutritionist, a veterinarian, an agricultural engineer, and an agricultural economist …… The results up to date are disappointing, but adequate to show that nothing short of a large scale (at least a thousand head of cattle) and long time (at least a hundred years) experiment, under the best genetic, nutrition, and health experts. working on a plan in harmony with economic needs, is likely to yield dependable results."-From "Re-Thinking Missions," page 222.

Since such an extremely "large scale" experimental program is demanded as a prelim- inary to any cattle improvement on a mission field, we are prompted to wonder how any of the improved purebred cattle of Europe and America have managed to arrive at their present degree of productiveness and perfection. In the case of none of the prominent breeds of cattle does the history af agriculture make record 0f any such concentrated and extensive program of development.

At Assiut College, although not one of the college committee of seven could qualify either as a specialized geneticist, nutritionist, veterinarian, agricultural engineer, or economist, we imported four purebred Jersey cattle during the summer of 1928 …… None of these imported Jerseys has died or become worthless. On the contrary, they seem to be in fine fettle and the three cows are out-milking an opposing row uf eight native Egyptian cows. The young pure- bred Jersey stock, born and reared in Egypt, is refusing to be in the least handicapped by its unusual climate and environment. They are uniformly giving promise of possessing dairy char- acteristics and a productive capacity well up the scale toward that of the purebred Jerseys …..

Financially the dairy depends upon its income and is a success. After paying all current expenses for feed, labor, etc., the dairy has been building itself up both in numbers and in needed equipment. Of total livestock, young and mature, there are now over 50 head ….. .

Thus far, proceeds from the sale of stock have been negligible, yet credit for the success is due in large measure to the persistent productive capacity of the Jerseys themselves.

Constantly increasing interest in the experiment, its methods and its possibilities, is being manifested by all Egyptian observers. . . . .. The ultimate aim of the experiment in dairying is not just to demonstrate the superior value of the Jerseys. It is to show that, given produc- tive stock and proper management, Egypt, with the possibility of her twelve or more crops of alfalfa each year, possesses ready resources for a profitable and permanent dairy industry, supplementary to cotton growing. With the economic handicap on the majority of our people thus lightened, they will be more able to give their children at least a Christian elementary education, more able to support their own churches, and more able to advance our aggressive Egyptian home mission enterprise. -The United Presbyterian.

Experience ofthe China InlandMission

Testimony and Observations on the Present Situation By the REV. ROBERT HALL GLOVER, D.D., M.D.

Home Director of the China Inland Mission, Philadelphia, Pa.

T HE China Inland Mission has naturally felt een new central stations and forty-six outstations the effect of the world-wide economic depres- were opened. sion, in common with all other missionary The total income of the China Inland Mission agencies as well as with Christians and non-Chris- for the five completed years (1928-1932), as comtians everywhere. It is only right that the Lord's puted in U. S. currency, was an increase of 6% children should share in such testings along with over that of the preceding five years (1923-1927), those around them, and thus be while the income from North enabled to sympathize and to America showed an increase of show how such trials can be Have all mISSIOns suffered 26.4 % for the same period. Durfaced with equanimity through alike in the present financial ing the first three years of this trust in God. depression? Is retrenchment last five-year period the income inevitable? Can the situa~ steadily rose. Receipts in 1929 These conditions have com- tion be remedied; if so, how? were the largest for any year pelled us to keep constantly in These are some of the ques~ in' the history of the Mission, prayer, have led to deep heart- etmiaoirnnndsesstthaaadntvdaorcetahteeosccopurfpaytyhienergsmithso~ef and these were again almost searchings and to a careful sionary cause. That human mistakes have been made, all equaled in 1930. The income scrutiny of financial policies will acknowledge. How can during 1931 and 1932 fell off and expenditures, and have considerably as compared with taught us spiritual and prac- they be remedied? Have we the two preceding record years, tical lessons of great value. leaned too much on the arm and that for 1932-at least as But they have also afforded a expressed in U. S. currencyfresh opportunity of proving of flesh? God's arm is not was the lowest in several years. the unchanging faithfulness of shortened that it cannot save. our covenant – keeping God, THhisepunerpedosetohacsarnroyt cohuatngHedis. These comparative figures, whose promises are not affected program is as great as ever. however, fall far short of tell- The experiences of one mis~ by altered conditions in the ing the whole story. To begin world, and whose power and with, the constant fluctuations resources continue infinite and sion may help to answer some of international m 0 n e y exavailable. To His glory let me of our questions. change constitute a very impor- testify that the actual needs of tant factor. For example, the the China Inland Mission have total income of the C. I. M. in heen supplied right up to the present time. No 1932, while showing a decrease as compared with debt has been incurred, no old workers have been 1931 in U. S. currency, shows an actual increase withdrawn, no new recruits have been declined or when expressed in English sterling. Even more held back for financial reasons. In the last five important is the relation between all Western years more than 400 new workers have been sent monies and the silver currency of China. While out, and at the beginning of 1933 our list of mis- the Mission's gross income in 1931, reckoned in sionaries in active service stood at 1,326, the U. S. money, was $300,000 less than in 1930, yet largest number in the history of the Mission. the smaller amount remitted to China in 1931 Far from suffering any setback, the work of the actually yielded almost as much in Chinese cur- Mission on the field has, during these very years rency as did the larger sum in 1930. The vital of depression, made one of the most aggressive bearing of this fact upon the support of the Mis- advances in its history, both in extension into new sion is obvious, inasmuch as all expenditures for territory and in the development of the indigenous the work and workers on the field are in Chinese church in areas already occupied. In 1932 eight- currency.

[ 130 ] These instances show how inconclusive, and China Inland Mission but solely upon my personal even misleading, may be a mere study of com- conviction and responsibility. parative figures in anyone particular currency. The only true criterion of estimate, after all, is Some Practical Observations the measure in which the needs of the work are actually provided for. These needs fluctuate from 1. Since only a vital Christian experience can year to year. There have been instances in these beget true missionary concern and zeal, and such recent years of exceptionally heavy financial de- Christian experience is usually the product of mands for much needed buildings or other special sound evangelical preaching and teaching, it is objects, and the Lord, who has foreseen every inevitable that in the large and increasing numsuch need, has graciously provided for it in His ber of churches in which such preaching and own way, whether by increased gifts or by un- teaching have ceased missionary interest has usually favorable exchange. waned; hence missionary giving has declined. People give to that which they believe in and con- God's ways of dealing with the Mission have not sider worth while, and only those to whom Jesu:-; always been the same. In one recent year the Christ is a living reality will be enthusiastic to larger portion of the supplies came from North send His gospel to other lands. America, while in the succeeding year the bulk of income was contributed in Great Britain. Some- 2. Back of the churches are the theological semtimes the needs have been met by a .large number inaries which train their leaders. It is common of small donations, at other times mainly by large knowledge that a large number of these semgifts or legacies. When the exchange has been inaries no longer teach the truths of New Testaagainst us God has given us a larger income in ment Christianity, but instead they teach human home countries; when it has been in our favor doctrine and philosophy. Can anyone fail to see this has been His means of meeting our need. It the logical effect of this in blighting the spiritual has been deeply impressive to observe how an all- life of the churches under such leadership and knowing and faithful God has repeatedly over- thus weakening or destroying their missionary ruled conditions of every sort and adjusted both interest? gifts and exchange to the meeting of the actual needs of the work from year to year. 3. Even in theological seminaries which are still sound in doctrine the subject of Christian mis- As to the cause of decreased contributions, there sions is either not dealt with at all or is given can be no question but that this has, in large meas- altogether inadequate attention. Hence the gradure, been due to economic conditions. Many let- uates of these seminaries do not volunteer for this ters from former donors express their deep re- service and are not qualified to instruct, guide and gret at being unable to continue giving, or having inspire their churches regarding missions. to reduce their gifts. The number of donations during the last five years has fluctuated in about 4. It is high time that "modernism" and evanthe same ratio as the amount of the total receipts gelical Christianity should be recognized as two and although appeals for funds are never made, distinct and irreconcilable systems of belief. Conevery year a considerable' number of new donors firmed modernists place little or no value upon has been added-for example, more than 500 in evangelistic missionary work of the old order, and North America in 1932. This is a most cheering hence are not eager to support it. It is equally illustration of how God provides from one source clear that true evangelicals strongly disapprove or another, regardless of circumstances. of modernistic doctrines and policies, and hence hesitate to contribute toward missionary work of Throughout a long series of C. 1. M. autumn which they have any suspicion on that score. Bemeetings held at more than a score of centers in tween the two classes it is not hard to see how eastern Canada and the United States, as well as missionary support is restrained. The only satisin contacts and correspondence with other parts factory solution would seem to be a clean-cut sepof this continent, we have found unabated mis- aration of these two. wholly different missionary sionary interest on the part of spiritually minded enterprises, leaving each to be supported by those and missionarily enlightened Christians. This is who believe in it. ,; irrespective of their present ability to contribute financially. The number of enrolled intercessors 5. It would seem that many church members in our Prayer Union has steadily increased, and have never seen world evangelization in the true the spirit of prayer among these several hundred scriptural light as the primary aim and task of groups never was finer. the Church to which all else should be subsidiary and contributory. Simply to regard it as one In venturing a few remarks bearing upon cer- among a dozen equally important (or unimportain questions which the present situation has tant!) things means that in a time of financial raised, let me say that I am not speaking for the stress missionary support will be diminished or dropped as something which can be slighted in

favor of other claims. A true conviction as to the to put on special drives for funds, or to resort to primacy of missions is needed to make their continued support, at any cost or sacrifice of other new mechanical schemes or devices. The root of things, imperative. the trouble must be recognized and dealt with. But we need to be reminded that God never intended this work to be carried out easily; sacri- There is no depression in heaven. God's power fice and self-denial are at the very heart of missions and should characterize missionary giving and resources remain unchanged and are still no less than missionary going. God has never provided so that His people can gratify every selfish available. Hudson Taylor claimed that "God's desire and evangelize the world. They can only choose to do the one or the other. If the carrying work, done in God's way, will never lack God's of the Gospel to the whole world burdened the heart of the Church today as it did the heart of supply," and God vindicated this claim. the Apostolic Church, I dare to affirm that there would be no missionary retrenchment even in the I am convinced that our problem at root is face of the present financial conditions. spiritual rather than financial. What is needed If these observations are correct then obviously the solution of the problem lies in the righting of most of all is a heaven-sent revival which will the wrong spiritual conditions. It will avail little bring with it a return to the convictions as to the authority of the Word of God, obedience to His revealed will in the missionary message and pro- gram, the whole-hearted consecration, the prayer- ful and sacrificial spirit of the church at Pente- cost. This, and only this, will effectually solve the problem of missionary support, as well as every other missionary problem, by giving God an op- portunity to show His mighty power. .

Follow Christ and Carry On One large mission in China, hearing that their fifty-eight churches that have hitherto supported Board at home was considering the necessity of withdrawing some workers from the field because individual missionaries, have now so reduced or of lack of support from the churches in America, sent word offering to take a fifty per cent cut, cut off their gifts that some fifty of these workers and to adjust it in reduced salaries and other expenses on the field, rather than have the work -some of the best on the field-are in danger of curtailed and some missionaries withdrawn. being stranded and may be withdrawn. While there are doubtless benefits that are coming from the present financial distress-benefits In addition to the need for standing loyally by in economies, readjustments, a careful study of priorities, and the promotion of self-support, a the ambassadors of Christ who have left home keener realization of our dependence on God, there is also danger of serious loss, inefficiency, and kindred in obedience to the Great Commisand loss of ground. The faithful representatives of Christ on the mission field have been working sion of our Saviour and Lord, there are needs of and praying to promote friendly understanding, to make God known through Christ, to witness to the work and of our fellow Christians in these the power of the Gospel to give life and to transform. They have won spiritual victories and have mission fields. A Mission Board lists some of the laid the foundations for Christian churches and communities. Now the work is threatened, and work which must be given up if the church at they are in danger of being shelved, because American Christians cannot keep up their gifts to home withholds support-for the native churches missions and at the same time maintain their automobiles, enjoy their luxuries, send their chil- are still too weak and poor to carry the whole dren to high-priced schools and indulge in expensive tastes in their homes, in their churches burden. Here are some of the important projects and in amusements. Many Christians in America are suffering from a decrease of incomes but the that gifts of from $25 to $2,000 will make posneedless expenditures by Christians would more than maintain all the missionary work that is now sible of continuance – a mission boat, Sunday threatened for lack of support. Think what this curtailment means. One Board reports that over schools, Christian literature, Bible institute, chil- dren's meetings, evangelists, teachers, Bible wom- en, schools for the blind, schools for boys and girls, theological seminary, kindergarten, medical work, nurses training school, medical supplies.

Humanity, self-interest and patriotism would stir us to carryon at great sacrifice rather than desert our soldiers at the front in a military cam- paign to defend home and country, though this in- volves the destruction of life. Shall we desert our representatives at the front in the spiritual cam- paign to advance the Cause of Christ, involving the saving of life and the redemption of hu- manity? In failing to carryon the missionary work in these needy fields we are not only desert- ing the soldiers of the Cross at the front but we are failing to follow the forward moving Christ of the Cross. D. L. P.

and Religion in

Some Proiected Changes in the Mexican Constitution By JOHN A. MACKAY Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

THE course of Mexican history since the coun- character, as will also be the elementary and higher pri- try's revolutionary dawn in 1910 has won for mary education which is given in private institutions. this republic the honor of being the most original in the Latin American group of nations. No religious corporation, nor minister of any faith, may Many reforms carried out in Mexico antedate establish or conduct primary schools. similar revolutionary tendencies which have swept Private primary schools can only be established subject to official supervision. In the official institutions, primary education will be given free.

the world since the Great War. Two facts are to be observed: first, that no re- Mexico does not consider that her revolution ligious instruction of any kind can be given in any government school or in any private school of prihas come to an end. Here is a country in which mary grade; second, that no religious corporation the word "revolution" has become sacred. The or minister of religion has any right to conduct highest honor that can be paid to a Mexican is to primary schools. say of him that he is a "true revolutionary." The worst disgrace which can be attached to any Mex- Two years ago a new minister of education of ican's name is that he is not a "true revolution- ·hyper-radical tendencies refused to incorporate ary." This means that the present-day Mexican into the national school system any secondary ideal of life, in official circles at least, is one of school in which religious instruction was given or constant revolutionary tension. The name of the which could be shown to have been founded by a party in power is "The National Revolutionary religious organization, even if no such religious Party" (Partido Nacional Revolucionario). Under instruction were being given. The projected rethe dictatorship of this party the national life is form of Article 3 goes far beyond this. Its text now being developed and new reforms are pro- is as follows: jected. Article III. The orientation of education will be social- A reform project has recently been incubated ist, that is, it will recognize as a fundamental principle by Mexico's Revolutionary Party which, if ap- the formation of the spirit of human solidarity based on proved by Congress, will be one of the most revo- the progressive socialization of the means of economic lutionary measures adopted by any modern state production; it will struggle for freedom from any and outside Soviet Russia. What is projected is noth- every prejudice and dogmatism, providing a culture based ing less than to change the strictly lay character on scientific truth, and it will adjust the ideals and activiof the present educational system in Mexico and ties of youth to the service of the people as a whole. to substitute for it, both in the schools, run by the State and by private individuals and organiza- It will be the task of the State (Federal, State and tions, the "socialist" school, one of whose func- Municipal) to impart, under the character of public servtions, according to the latest draft of the proposed ice, primary, secondary and normal education, the first bereform, will be to combat "religious dogmatisms." ing compulsory.

The State will control the orientation of primary and secondary education which is given privately, in accord- ance with the following standards: The Proposed Change I. By means of the formation of plans, methods and programs of study containing the principles expressed in The full significance of this reform can only be the first paragraph of this article. understood by considering the attitude of the State towards the teaching of religion in schools II. The principals and teachers shall be of a kind who, since the present constitution was adopted at in the opinion of the State, are intellectually and morally Queretaro in 1917. Article 3 of this constitution capable. Their ideology shall also be in accord with the reads as follows: tendencies of this ruling.

The right to teach is unrestricted; but that which is No religious corporation nor minister of any faith may establish, conduct or be a teacher in primary and second- ary schools.

III. By fixing the pedagogical conditions to which the given in the official institutions of education will be lay in schools should conform.

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IV. The State will grant authority for the functioning in mind that in the official statement of the Naof private schools, and will suppress them at its discre- tional Revolutionary Party, which culminates in tion, when, according to its judgment, they violate the the projected reform of Article 3 of the Constiabove mentioned standards. There shall not be any ap- tution, it is explicitly stated that this new tendpeal or any judgment proceeding against such a ruling. ency is being followed deliberately, after a com- parative study of a number of modern national The Executives, the Municipal Presidents, and educa- constitutions, such as those in operation in tional officers will be directly responsible for having these Czecho-Slovakia, Turkey, Germany and Russia, in rules complied with, and for any violation of the same, in which the State arrogates to itself the right to the form and terms which are indicated in the By-Laws make education, in a supreme sense, one of its own issued by the Congress of the Union, and to which the fol- functions. Mexico, it is alleged in this document, lowing signatures are affixed. does no more than carry out this principle to its logical conclusion. According to an article written by a distinguished Mexican Christian publicist, Pedro Grin- A new approach is needed to the spiritual probgoire, and appearing in "Excelsior," one of the lem of Mexico, as of many other States, in which leading dailies in Mexico, on January 4th, the the same ideas prevail as in Mexico. Our opinion words "will struggle for freedom from any and is that here, as in other lands in the same revoevery prejudice and dogmatism" are being sub- lutionary mood, the school will cease to be an efstituted by "will struggle for freedom from any fective instrument for presenting a full-orbed and every religious prejudice and dogmatism." Christian view of life. That being so, other means In other words, what was implicit in the original must be found whereby that view can be presented draft becomes explicit in its latest form. Reli- to youth. Meanwhile, the souls of youth are begious dogmatism is the real bete-noire. A main ing conscripted by the most contrary crusading function of the school will be to combat religion. forces. Boys and girls who have been taught to read and write in our Mission schools, who have The Implications of the Reform received there what we call a liberal education, who have been moulded according to the prin- We here observe the inner dialectic of contem- ciples of Christian character building, when they porary nationalism working itself out. Education cross the threshold of the school and mingle in a is to be a function of the State in the most abso- revolutionary world find no books or sources of lute sense, officializing and promoting the par- ideas to help guide them or steady them in the ticular economic theory in which the State is in- swirling eddies. The time has come when the terested, and at the same time inculcating into the same attention must be given to providing an ademind of youth that attitude towards life and the quate Christian literature that has hitherto been spiritual world which most harmonizes with the directed to providing educational facilities for official viewpoint. This is an example of the youth, a function which the State in so many apotheosis of the State, its virtual transformation countries now regards as its own special prerogainto a church and its assumption of full religious tive. At the same time when, as in Mexico, so prerogatives. In a word, here, as in other con- little can be done directly from the outside, every temporary states, the nation becomes God. In the effort must be made to strengthen the nascent case of Mexico there is fulfilled, in addition, the evangelical community in the country and to dictum of the great Spanish writer Unamuno, that make the members feel that they are part of a a Spanish or Spanish-American radical is "a Christian fellowship which transcends all fron- Catholic upside down." He conserves the formal tiers. aspects of Spanish Catholicism, including its fanatical intolerance, while substituting its dog- One bright gleam at least shoots across the matic content by another. One might go further present situation. In the last few months there and say that the possibility of&uch a violent anti- has come into being in Mexico a new organization religious tendency in Mexico is largely due to the called "The National Union of Christian Youth." fact that the great majority of the country's pres- It is a purely indigenous and spontaneous moveent intellectual leaders have passed from a posi- ment and is of a spiritual crusading character. tivistic to a Marxist philosophy, without having Its membership crosses all the present evangelical passed through the liberal stage. denominations. It is not a federation nor has it any ecclesiastical objective in view. Its members It is perfectly clear that if such a reform be- have a place within the organization, not as repcomes law, it will be made impossible for any or- resentatives of denominational groups, but as free ganization of religiously minded people to carry men and women anxious to express their unity in on education because to do so would involve ac- Christ and their devotion to Him in terms of their cepting the letter and spirit of the new constitu- country's spiritual need in this most critical and tional article. Some are of opinion that the decisive hour. elections in June may put a government in power which will be less radical than the present. No evidence supports this fond hope. L~t it be borne

Impact of Christianity On China*

By GEORGE E. SOKOLSKY Author of "The Tinder-Box of Asia"

T HE impact of Western civilization was in- The leader and organizer of the Hankow anti- evitably disruptive (of the ancient Chinese Christian week was George Hus-chien, a former regime) because it created a new social and secretary of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, who had been a economic environment to which Chinese civilization could only offer a passive resistance. It in- Christian pastor, then joined the Kuomintang, volved not only the application of the industrial then become a communist and latterly denied that revolution to China, but also the introduction of he had ever been a communist. such revolutionary ideals as Protestant Chris- Christianity and Communism tianity, political democracy, so- Protestant Christianity has cialism, and latterly, commu- been at once the most compel- nism. In Europe these ideas George E. Sokolsky was lingly destructive and construcwere of comparatively slow de- tive force hurled at China from velopment and even slower for some years the corre- the West….. . penetration; they fell upon spondent of The New York China all at the same time and Times in the Far East. He If one views the effectiveness with astounding suddenness. has lived in China for many of the work of the Christian China was left breathless in the years, is a Jew and married a missions only as so much coldpresence of conflicting opinions Chinese wife. He is a bril- blooded statistics, the results as to what is wrong with China look bad, but if one deals with and what should be done about liant writer and as Herbert this question from the standit. Adams Gibbons says, 44He point of the emergence, because stands in a class by himself as of Christian influence, of a spe- a commentator on contempo- rary events in the Far East!'

The Kuomintang, a Force Paul D. Cravath calls him cial type of human being in Hthe best qualified man in the China, more alert, more keen, Gen. Chiang Kai-shek had world to write a fair and dis- more modern, more socialized risen on the shoulders of the passionate book on Man- in his outlook, then Christian Russians; he now wanted to churia." It is interesting to missions have on the whole rid China of them. Therefore read what he says about bee n startlingly successful. he brought on a schism. The Christian missions, commu- more Chiang moved to the nism and the Soong family. Missions have accelerated the right, the more communistic his processes of substituting for opponents became. In Hunan the characteristic intensive in- and Hupeh provinces, particularly, the commu- dividualism of China a social outlook and a com- nists organized a terror, aimed at landlords, in- munal interest.

dustrialists, and foreigners, which stirred a In the field of education and public health the frightened opposition to the Kuomintang through- American missionary has accomplished more in out the country. Whereas they had been wel- the interest of the Chinese people than any other comed as saviors, they were now being feared as force, Chinese and foreign, during the past fifty terrorists. It was in this atmosphere that the years. In fact it is no exaggeration to contend surprising anti-Christian week was organized to that during the decade from 1920 to 1930, were it take place during the Christmas of 1926. The not for the Christian missionary, the lamp of slogans of the anti-Christian Movement were': learning would have burned very faintly indeed, Christmas anti-Christian week while public ·health activities would have been al- Close or take over Christian schools most nonexistent. There has been considerable Urge students to leave Christian schools criticism of the missionary schools, particularly Organize students for vacation anti-Christian work among the nationalistic educators. In the first Disrupt Christian organizations from within Forbid participation of Christian students in national place, it has been contended that these schools undertakings denationalize the Chinese youth; that they teach * Extracts from "The Tinder-Box of Asia." Doubleday, Doran Co., more English than Chinese, more Bible than Con- New York.

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fucius, more about George Washington and his "tars" had taught him to make cord hammocks, "cherry tree" than about Sun Yat-sen and his and he worked his way through the Southern "Three People's Principles"-all probably true. states selling them. He came into contact with But the missionaries have proved themselves cap- Christian influence in the city where he landed, able of readjustment to the demands of their en- and was baptized there in the Fifth Street Meth- vironment ….. . odist Episcopal Church, South.

The Present Chinese Communist Party General Julian S. Carr, of Durham, N. C., grew deeply interested in the young Chinese from the From its inception, the Chinese Communist island of Hainan, the southernmost place in Party adopted the following tactics: China, and saw him through Trinity College, 1. Anti-imperialism is a slogan about which all which is now Duke University. He received an Chinese, including non-communists, can rally. English theological certificate from Vanderbilt in Therefore, when an anti-imperialist issue is 1885. When he returned to China it was as an evoked, activities may be pursued on a wide front. English teacher and a Southern Methodist mis- …… Anti-imperialism is not only part of the sionary. He married a Miss Ni, who became a communist thesis because the foreigners possess pillar in the Southern Methodist community in special rights in China, but also because they Shanghai. He opened a printing establishment either control or dominate invested capital. The to publish Bibles in Chinese; he built a church; principal industrial organizations are under their he was on the organization committee of the first direction. By attacking the foreigner's position Y. M. C. A. in China. He taught English to small directly, the capitalistic structure of the country Chinese boys. He eventually joined Sun Yat-sen, is attacked indirectly. becoming his secretary and treasurer. Soong Ai- 2. Christianity is the second object of attack. ling, the eldest daughter, became the wife of Dr. This is part of the general anti-religious phase in Kung, wealthy Christian leader and a descendant the communist ideology. But in China anti-Chris- of Confucius; Soong Ching-ling, the second tianity has a special meaning. Christianity, to daughter, was married to Dr. Sun, became the the communist, means the cultural penetration of leader of militant womanhood in China, and is China by the United States. The Christian mis- today held in veneration by the youth of the counsionary is therefore looked upon as the fore- try; and Soong Mei-ling, the youngest daughter, runner of the American capitalist. Christianity married General Chiang Kai-shek.

is to be opposed generally because it is an opiate The Soongs represent psychologically and so- for the masses. Wherever the communists go, cially a wide variant from the usual natives of they attempt to drive out the missionary, Catholic South China. Every member of the family was and Protestant alike. They do not always succeed educated abroad: Mme. Kung and Mme. Sun at because some American missionaries refuse to be driven out. Few of them are killed if they re- Wesleyan in Macon, Ga.; Mme. Chiang there and main, but their presence is unwelcome in com- at Wellesley; T. V. Soong and a younger brother, munist territory. T. A. Soong, were educated at Harvard; another younger brother, T. L., at his father's college, 3. Although the communist program for the re- Vanderbilt. At one time all the members of the construction of the political and social life of the family bore Christian names, but these have been country is complex, they concentrate on the re- dropped in recent years. All are Christians, and distribution of land, which pleases the tenant some of them are church-goers. The mother was farmers and the surplus population, known as a strict Southern Methodist who objected to danc- bandits. This gives them local strength. ing, gambling and other things on the Methodist The Soong Family list of vices. The Soongs have much in common- keen minds, devoted to study, thought, and action, During this period one family dominated the stamp them all. The "three Soong sisters" are all Nanking Government. Often called the "Soong of retiring disposition-in the sense that they Dynasty" by their enemies, this group achieved have preferred to act through their husbands almost dictatorial authority in Nanking. The when they could. But they cannot all be drawn Soong family consists of three outstanding men- over a single pattern. Mme. Kung seems to have Chiang Kai-shek, T. V. Soong and H. H. Kung, inherited a special capacity for hard-headed comand three brilliant women-Mme. Chiang, Mme. mon sense from her mother. Not only do the Kung, and the widow of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. other members of the family recognize her intel- The origin of the family was lowly. Charles lectual superiority, but even friends of the family Jones Soong, its founder, arrived at Wilmington, come to her for advice. In her quiet and unas- N. C., from somewhere in China as a sailor aboard suming way she has succeeded in bringing ele- the United States cutter Colfax in 1880. The ments together in support of the "family." ….. .

THE IMPACT OF CHRISTIANITY ON CHINA

Dr. Kung, her husband, is the most character- military officers and politicians upon whose supistically Chinese member of the family, and also port the success of her husband has depended. the richest. Inheritor of a chain store system of general shops, produce-purchasing agencies, small T. V. Soong, the eldest brother, represents in banks not unlike pawnshops, in North China, Mon- China the revolutionary concept of government as golia, and Manchuria, and medicine shops in significant as any idea which the revolution has South China, he finds himself the merchant in brought to the surface: modern administration politics. He devotes himself not only to govern- as a substitute for the mandarinism that has ment problems of commerce and labor, but to pub- plunged China into her present condition. Unlic charities. Whereas most of the Soongs have willing to compromise with old-fashioned methfew direct contacts with the general public, Dr. ods, he has made himself unpopular with a very Kung, as they say in China, is in everything. large part of Chinese officialdom, although mer- chants and foreigners in China swear by him …. The second of the sisters, Mme. Sun Yat-sen, is a distinct type by herself. Sweet, gentle, and of The Missionary and Cultural Interests unquestioned beauty, she radiates such warmth of personality that one sometimes wondered, in the Many Americans grow ferocious at the thought days when Dr. Sun was an exile in Shanghai, of any other American going to a foreign country whether the atmosphere of their home on Rue to "force down the throats of the citizens of that Moliere was due to the presence of the great man country ideas that are perhaps repugnant to or to the little woman who made one feel so much them." Such American critics may save their at home. While her husband was alive she kept ferocity for a worthier cause, for the American much in the background, helping him in his missionary has not forced his ideas down any studies and often acting as his secretary. After Chinese throat. He has preached and taught and his death she forged to the front of Chinese poli- educated and healed, but he has not forced. He tics, for she regarded it as essential to China's has spent some $200,000,000 in China in a century welfare that there should be a strict and literal of activity. Has this expenditure been beneficial to interpretation of Dr. Sun's wishes. She became China? No one can demonstrate with any posian orator and an active member of the Central tiveness the value of as complex a movement as Executive Committee of the Kuomintang; she led missionary work in China ….. . China's women in the social revolution ….. . To the missionary the question as to the value When her sister, Mei-ling, was married to of his work must be perplexing. At worst he may Chiang Kai-shek she did not go to China to attend have wasted his time and money. From a national the wedding, but when memorial services were standpoint he has created an atmosphere of held for Dr. Sun in Nanking in 1929 she attended friendship for the United States. He has taught them. She has made no peace with her family the Chinese people that some foreigners can serve and the government it controls; instead, she con- China unselfishly and that a large number of them tinues to insist upon a fundamentalist interpreta- are Americans. He has gone into the interior, tion of her husband's doctrines. A woman of studied the language, lived among the people as strong principles, capable of intense sacrifice for one of them, brought up his family among his a cause, she has suffered privations out of respect Chinese students without giving vent to evidences for the memory of her husband. of racial superiority. He has kept learning alive during the dark days of revolution. He has served On December 1, 1927, Mei-ling Soong, the as a general practitioner and has opened hospitals youngest sister, was married to Chiang Kai-shek. and medical schools. He has played the most sig- Before her marriage Mei-ling was active in public nificant role in the change of a civilization. and church work, and occasionally translated Chinese poetry into English. After her marriage It is the American missionary, whose home is she retired from public activities altogether, ap- always the most modern residence in any Chinese pearing only with her husband. She has opened city, who has opened the eyes of the Chinese to the Western world to General Chiang, who knows this difference in degree. He has made the Chinese no foreign language well. . . . .. She often acts as dissatisfied; yet is not the American economic inhis interpreter in confidential talks with foreign- terest in such dissatisfaction enormous? He has ers. Mme. Chiang is neither as keen nor as ex- shown them how others live so that they may perienced as Mme. Kung, nor does she arouse af- want to live differently. He has brought to their fection as does Mme. Sun. Her shyness has often homes a living example of a civilization which did been mistaken for haughtiness. Yet a quickness not glorify foot-binding or tolerate opium-smokat repartee enables her to enliven heavy political ing; a civilization that substituted the steel madinners, and her adaptability has allowed her to chine for the human coolie. He has studied their form friendships with the old-fashioned wives of problems sympathetically and has opened the realities of Chinese life to the world.

A Century of Bible Work in China*

By the REV. ERIC M. NORTH, Ph.D., D.D.

Secretary of the American Bible Society, New York I N A LETTER written from Canton, China, No- the Bible Society was carried on almost solely by vember 7, 1831, the Rev. Elijah C. Bridgman, the missionaries themselves. They translated and ' the first American missionary to China, after published the Scriptures and, by their own efforts, comparing spiritual conditions in China to Eze- distributed them free of cost. The American So- kiel's vision of the valley of dry bones, points out ciety furnished the funds.

the power and responsibility of the followers of Then, in a short time, two fundamental changes Christ for this one-third of the human race. Per- took place. The outreach of ·the missionary was haps, in our own day, we need his challenge! very greatly extended by the large use of colpor- "Are not the abilities of the people of God now teurs,-the men with the pack who go from vil- superior to those enjoyed by the church militant lage to village and from house to house, persuad- in the age of Moses or of John? There is no longer ing those whom they meet to buy the priceless any need for miracles. The truth has been estab- truth. The second measure was the adoption of lished and sealed with the blood of the Lamb. The the principle of sale rather than of free distribu- disciples of Christ now need faith, and zeal, and to tion-not only conserving resources and avoiding offer themselves as living sacrifices. Then will the waste, but carrying an assurance that the books Almighty work with them, and Jesus receive the were worthy of personal investment. Since full heathen for his inheritance, and the uttermost costs were far above the capacity of the people to parts of the earth for his possession. There is pay, prices were fixed-and still are-far below another fact that gives the Chinese a strong claim manufacturing cost; and the loss has been borne to the attention of your Society. They are a read- by the gifts to the Society. These principles of ing people. In this respect, they are probably method have been supplemented in the last twenty superior to any pagan nation of ancient or modern years by that of voluntary distribution, in which times. There are, indeed, many considerations to the aid of Chinese churches and parishes is en- urge onward the missionary; but, in spite of all listed in the sale of Scriptures in their own towns he can do, the Bible will find its way into the in- and near-by villages.

terior of the Empire before him. . . . . . Many may A further change was the establishment, in fall in the conflict; but complete success and 1875, of the Society's own Agency for the super- triumph are sure. Changes that have caused joy vision of the work. This soon resulted in the in heaven have already taken place,-(he esti- transfer to the Agency of the whole of the work mates that twelve or fifteen thousand copies of the of publication, much of the collaboration with the Bible, the New Testament, and the Psalms have translators, the direct supervision of a large pro- been distributed in the twenty years since Mor- portion of the colportage, and all the manifold rison began) ,-and, instead of one station and one elements of organization and administration that missionary, there are now five stations and eight must be carried on. Now there are five great sub- missionaries. . . . .. We feel ourselves alike im- agencies in China-North, East, South, Central, pelled and encouraged to ask for the interposition and West. One of them-that at Peiping-has of the American Bible Society. We ask for their more than once exceeded a distribution of a mil- prayers and their charities. Our voice is indeed lion copies in a year.

distant and feeble; but the cry of these millions, In his letter Mr. Bridgman states that, a few like the slain in Ezekiel's vision, reaches up to years before he went to China, Christians, as if heaven. It must, too, be heard on earth; and to exculpate themselves for their neglect of their what answer shall be given?" missionary responsibility, debated the question The past century of service in China is part of whether the Bible could be translated into Chinese.

the answer. Again ~he century is the answer. In the produc- For the first third of the century the work of tion and publication of the translations of the Chinese Scriptures, the Society has shared in the Ne~S¥-~~~~nce of an address given at the China centenary dinner In cooperation with mission boards, missionaries, [138 ] Chinese scholars, and with the British and For- ings brought out over 3,200 people; and there eign Bible Society, and the National Bible Society were eight other meetings. In several cities, pag- of Scotland. A rapid review of the decade shows eants and exhibits have been held. Many prom- the Society to have published or subsidized in inent persons have spoken at these meetings. A whole or in part six versions in Wenli, seven in telegram was received from Madame Chiang Kai- Mandarin, and various versions in nine colloquial shek, whose father printed thousands of Gospels.

dialects, not including editions in Roman letters It is in these meetings that the foundations are and editions for the blind. Seven colloquial dia- being laid for the new era of Bible work in China.

lects received their first Scriptures from the So- In 1932, at a conference of the British, the Scot- ciety. The first reference Bible in Chinese-that tish and the American Societies in London, the of Bishop Schereschewsky-was issued by the So- Societies agreed to work together with a view to ciety in 1908. . . . . . , encouraging the formation of a China Bible So- Jointly with the British and Scotch Societies the ciety, deeply rooted in the life of the Chinese Society supported the great Union versions in Church and the nation, and sharing in the world- Wenli issued in 1919, in Mandarin also issued in wide work.

1919, and in Canton Colloquial in 1926,-each of Not only has an advisory council been created, them representing many years of work by sep- but the British and American Societies have al- arate committees. One of the achievements of the ready started the amalgamation of their opera- century is to have shared in the production of tions. The editorial forces and periodicals of the these monumental and noble books through which three Societies have been combined ….. .

the spirit of God is seeking the hearts of men. But, this is not all. In South China, there has These translations and others in many editions been, prophetically, a local Chinese Bible Society and forms have been distributed by the Society for several years. Now there is in formation a through the colporteurs, the missionaries, and local society in Central China. Others are ger- voluntary helpers. It is thus that the circulation minating. All will be looking to the advisory of the centllry has been brought about-a total for council in Shanghai for guidance, and to the fu- the Society for all China of some 69,690,000 vol- ture when they shall become auxiliary to a na- umes of Scriptures, of which some 439,000 were tional Bible Society of China.

Bibles, 1,944,000 were Testaments, and over 67,- How soon that will be no one knows. But, it is 000,000 were portions, single books, almost en- to that outcome that the American Bible Society tirely Gospels. These have gone all over China, looks in every land where it is at work. Then it -from Canton in the south to Mukden in the shall be our function to assist them in their and north; from Shanghai in the east to the far our prodigious task. "We shall hope," said Pastor borders of Tibet; among the mountain tribes in Shen Wen-ching at Hankow, "by the end of anthe western passes; among the boat-dwellers on other century to have put the Bible in every home the rivers; in the newer industrial cities, and in China, and to have given every Chinese an opamong the hundreds of thousands of villages ….. portunity to read these Scriptures for himself."

This work is not done without sacrifices. A Not even in America have we reached that goal; little less than four hundred years ago, William and, in China, the combined issues of the three Tyndale was strangled and burned for his efforts Bible Societies in the whole century and more do to give the English-speaking people the Scriptures not equal one half of the present population of in their own tongue. Thirty-three years ago, dur- China.

ing the Boxer rebellion, eighteen colporteurs were Therefore, however valiant a new Chinese Bible summoned to the Agent's office, warned of the Society may be,-and we know they will be valiant risks of their work and sent into the less disturbed even though the Christians in China are outnum- areas. They said, "We go. God's will be done." bered 125 to 1,-we of the West must put our- Over the unknown martyrs' graves of fourteen, selves shoulder to shoulder with them. Here and and, of many others elsewhere, it could be writ- there and in every land where we work, we must ten: "Slain for the Word of God and for the testi- give this book its chance to make and maintain its mony which they held." relentless pressure against every evil and shame- Weare here, however, not to erect a memorial less thing; against every item of man's inhu- monument, but a milestone. The road still manity to man; against the evil without and the stretches far before us. But, in a sense, it is a sin within ;-that humanity's weakness and fail- new road. The signs of that are already here. ure may be transformed into the glorious stature There have been celebrations of this centenary in of Jesus Christ our Lord. Again we hear the more than a score of China's cities. The throngs words of Elijah Bridgman: "The cry of the mil- attending have surprised the committees in lions reaches up to heaven. It must, too, be heard charge; in the Wuhan cities, the four main meet- on earth; and what answer shall be given 7"

Medical

By REV. T. THEODOR WEBB, Milingimhi, North Australia Mr. Webb has written a most valuable account of his by the "mali" (grosser spirit) of some "Morkwoi" researches into the medical practices of the Aboriginals (dead person). I have seen such things as small of North Australia. His careful work has considerable stones, pieces of charcoal, small bones, and bits of scientific and anthropological interest and his descriptions wood thus apparently extracted. are being published in "Oceanic" by the School of Anthropology in Sydney. Mr. Webb states in an accompany- The foreign body is shown to the patient, who, ing letter that he has left out some of the ugly details; nothing doubting, immediately declares himself but even then the Editor has felt it necessary to excise cured, and cheerfully pays the "doctor" his fee. some portions which might offend those of our readers who are unfamiliar with the stark conditions of North The virtue or healing magic believed to be con- Australia. – Reprinted from The Missionary Review tained in the water of the ceremonial or totemic (Australia). "mangotchi" (well or pool) of the horde is made available by a ceremony known as "Wontjurr." AS WOULD be expected among so primitive a In the ceremony a representation of this well is 1i. people, the operation of magic, both in caus- made by scooping out a circular hollow in the sand. In this hollow the patient is placed, while ing and in relieving sickness, is largely be- all round sit his fellow-tribesmen and. friendly aslieved in. But apart from this, there is found a sociates. A certain chant, differing for each tribe, fairly extensive use of certain vegetable products, which are at least believed to be of medicinal is then sung, to the accompaniment of "bilma"

value. (clack-sticks) and "Yiraki" (drone-pipe), over One of the complaints from which these people and over again, and as it is being sung the patient frequently suffer is muscular rheumatism, par- is washed from head to foot by having water ticularly in the lumbar region. In such a case, poured over him.

should there be a "Marrngit" (magician) in the The most elaborate treatment I have knowledge neighborhood, his aid will be sought, and he oper- of is that followed out in cases of extreme con- ates in the following way: Presuming the patient stipation or for a severe attack of indigestion, is suffering from backache, the Marrngit has him leading to a distension of the stomach, which is lie face downward in the sand, and then proceeds called "worba." , to feel carefully all over his back. He then arises, First of all a rough platform of sticks is conbreaks off a small leafy branch, and begins to structed. On this platform is laid a thick coverdance round the patient, swishing vigorously with ing of leafy branches of "maipin" (iron-wood the branch. Presently he dashes away to a con- tree), and on these leaves a covering of wet grass siderable distance, as though in pursuit of some- from some freshwater pool or swamp. The sand thing, and still swishing his branch. This is done beneath the platform is then scooped out and a to drive off the evil spirit which is responsible fire made; this fire must be wholly of maipin, the for the man's condition, and which the Marrngit leaves, bark, gum, and wood being used.

alone is able to see. Having accomplished this When the fire is well burning the patient is purpose, he returns to the patient. placed face downward on the platform already He now selects one spot on the man's back, prepared, a covering of boughs, paper-bark, or which he presses and kneads thoroughly, after the like, is placed over him, and there he is left to which he massages the surrounding area, working steam. After several hours he is turned over on all the time toward the spot selected. After a his back and thus spends several more hours.

good deal of massaging, which no doubt affords At the end of the day he is bathed in cold water, some relief, he applies his mouth to the spot, and and will almost certainly feel relieved; but if not, sucks vigorously. Next he takes a mouthful of the process may be repeated the following day. In water from some vessel placed in readiness, blows cases where no relief is afforded, it is known that some of the water onto the affected part, and then the patient's condition is the result of evil magic.

convincingly ejects from his mouth some foreign This distressful condition is produced by some substance, which has been injected into the man sorcerer getting hold of something belonging to [140 ]

ABORIGINAL MEDICAL PRACTICES

the patient, his loin-cloth or "balara" (pubic Bleeding is resorted to in cases of severe headshield) being considered particularly effective. ache, and less frequently for backache. For the This article the sorcerer "sings" over. He then former a deep cut is made above the brow, usually scrapes open the coals and ashes of his fire, and by a single stroke of an iron or flint spear-head. in the centre digs a small hole, into which he Another method is to take a splinter of glass or crams the article, covers it over with earth, flint, and with a flick of the wrist, to make a cut scrapes back the coals and ashes, and once more, in the inner corner of the eye. Another is to take over it sings his evil chant, naming the man he a piece of "baku" (wild cane), split it and shape wishes to injure. This operation results in a stop- it to a sharp point. This piece of cane is then page of the man's bowels, and so produces a con- thrust up one of the nostrils, and is kept there dition which nothing can relieve, and which ulti· with the finger plugging the nostril, until a throbmately ends in death. bing sensation begins. It is then quickly with- drawn and is followed by profuse bleeding. Apparently nothing approaching effective treatment for snake-bite has been discovered by the When a man is speared with a barbed wooden aborigines, and nothing more futile than that fol- spear, great difficulty is often experienced in exlowed could well be imagined. A man who has tracting it, particularly if the wound be near some been bitten is made to sit down beside a fire while vital organs of the body. If speared in one of the another man blows on him smoke through a hollow limbs, the spear is usually pushed right through branch or dry pandanus stem. As the smoke and withdrawn at the side opposite to the entry. comes out the other end of the tube another man In the case of a body wound, this, of course, cancarefully watches, and if in the smoke he sees the not be done, so the spear is cut off close to the "mali" (non-material form) of a snake, it is body and a dressing of "jalkor" (tree orchid) is known that a "Ragalk" (sorcerer) has brought applied, and the man is bound with paper-bark. about the misfortune, and the man will die. If no such form is observed the man will recover. This dressing is said to penetrate along the Frequently this ceremony is performed after the spear-head and loosen it. When, however, I asked man has died, and merely serves to corroborate a how long it would be before the spear could beconviction which has already been definitely withdrawn, the reply was, "Bamantna. Narnak reached. In such a case imagination never fails barrpamiri." (A long time. When the flesh beto create the mali of the snake. comes putrid.) It would therefore appear that the "medicine" does not help matters very much. Another curious method of procedure is as follows: If a person is bitten and is able to capture Burning, owing to the habit of sleeping in very the snake, he does so by pressing a stick across it close proximity to fires, is of very frequent ocjust behind the head, and then binding the snake currence, and is treated in the following way: If to the stick at that point. With the snake thus the skin is not destroyed, an orchid stem is held he returns to the camp. There the snake is crushed between the teeth until it is soft and left until it is seen to pass all the blood it has ex- glutinous, and then dabbed on the affected part. tracted from the person bitten. When this occurs If the skin is badly broken the burn is painted the person begins to recover, and soon all ill- with "miku" (red ochre). effects have passed away. The snake is now released, not killed. If it were killed the person A person suffering from the circular raised would undoubtedly die also. sores which often accompany yaws goes out on a reef or sandbank when the tide is low, and finds a For the poisonous stab of a catfish, stingray, or "Yanungani" (sea anemone), which is lying open. other fish, a live "borok" (wood cockroach) is He quickly presses the sore into the open centre taken, held between the finger and thumb, and its of the creature, whose tentacles immediately coninside is squeezed out over the wound. Another tract, and cause a certain amount of suction. The form of treatment is to place hot ashes on the member is held there for a considerable time, and wound. Still another is to apply the leaves of the when withdrawn, the raised exterior is said to "Rorgor" (a long trailing plant which grows in have been removed, and clean bleeding flesh exthe beach sand). These leaves are heated on the posed, which will soon heal over. coals and pressed onto the wound. Very large use is now made of the Mission Dis- In treating pustular sores, boils, or swollen pensary, and very many of the people come with glands, a piece of charcoal is wrapped in a thin only the most trifling complaints. Even the sheet of paper-bark and placed on the sore. This simplest of our prescriptions prove, in the majoris then bitten either by the man himself or by an- ity of cases, wonderfully effective, while the magother person. The sore, hearing the noise made ical results of the injection of bismuth tartrate by the crunching of the charcoal, learns that some- for yaws is a never-ending wonder to them. So one is fighting it, and so takes its departure. the work goes on and much relief is given in the name of the Great Physician.

~I I

Effective Ways of Working • 'rested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO A Forward. Look cally written, these details are Do you think missionaries them- readily detachable leaving the selves think it is worth while? How can we develop in the outlines and the educational fun- Why do they go when they can younger generation the mission- damentals which are universal. be so much more comfortable at Only the most meager features home? After some discussion, a ary motivations and the dynamic of one lesson can be given here- number of quotations from mis- to renew or replace those so no- with, but it will serve to illus- sionaries' writings and sayings ticeably on the wane at the pres- trate an approach and an appeal bearing on the subject were read, ent time? It has become evident that may well be made general followed by the telling of a fasci- with a new and very straight- nating story about Dr. Clothier to many of us that the movement thinking generation. Miss Wer- entitled, "Why One Man Went." must not be "back to" but "for- ner writes: On one side of the blackboard ward towards" ; for no living or- was written, "The things this ganism can be static: and if old Teaching is to learning as selling is man gave up to go to Africa," motivations fail we must face to buying. Since that is true-since and on the other, "What he we have failed to teach unless some- found there," the children them- the facts with a fearlessness thing has happened within the chil- selves supplying the items. The ~ born of supreme faith in our dren themselves–this unit is con- story and a picture of The Good structed on the principle that Samaritan were next brought Leader and our Cause and con- teaching, going far beyond the mere out and discussed. It was noted sider whether we are not having imparting of information, involves that Dr. Clothier loved and cared "growing pains" preliminary to the stimulation of the children to for the bodies just as the Samar- active participation in some under- itan did, but in addition he also an advance. taking that in their eyes is both in- cared about the Africans' hearts teresting and worth while. To that being happy and their coming to The answer to the opening end this study has been centered Jesus. question is yet at the fragmen- around the question, "What Differ- tary, experimental stage; but ence Does it Make?" and resolves it- The leader next asked how we your Department Editor believes self into a serious evaluation on the that among a number of worth~ part of the children and the teacher could obey Jesus' command as while projects, that of Emily J. of the missionary enterprise, as one Werner, Professor of Religious supplementary question after another Dr. Clothier did. It was eventual- Education in the Biblical Semi- is considered. nary, New York, is worth con- ly decided not only to pray and sidering. In "What Difference Previous to the first lesson, the African study books, stories, give money for Africa but to Does it Make?" a unit on Africa pictures, etc., were attractively prepared. for children's groups, placed on a little table where the make bandages for hospitals incoming children eagerly ex- she has outlined a series of amined and began to read them. there, the boys agreeing to make twelve lessons shaping them- The children were moved to ask selves about these queries: (1) innumerable questions – which at home the frames to wind the Why Do Missionaries Go? (2) afforded receptivity. After the gauze on. Plans were laid to col- What Difference Does Knowing initial excitement died down, all lect materials for a little African God Make? (3) What Difference gathered about the table and dis- museum at the meeting place, and Does Knowing Jesus Make? (4) cussed Africa in general, the to construct a frieze each time What Difference Should Know- leader saying that as the parents which would answer the ques- ing Jesus Make in Us? (5) How were considering "Re-Thinking tions raised at the successive Do Missionaries Make a Differ- Missions" the children had – a meetings. (Scrapbooks and oth- ence? (6) What Difference Do right to ask, "Why do we need to er projects might be substitut- send missionaries to foreign ed.) Some children cut from an People Who Know Jesus Make countries?" After that the chal- old calendar letters to form the in the Home? (7) What Differ- lenging query was thrown out, main question, "What Difference ence Do Those Who Know Jesus "What difference does it make?" Does it Make?" Others practiced Make in the World? (8) How this question being printed on drawing a large question mark Can We Make a Difference? the blackboard in large letters. or the map of Africa, the best ef- While incorporating some mate- forts being used as patterns for rials of the United Lutherans, [142 ] the outlines on the frieze. Still for whose Women's Missionary Society the pamphlet was specifi-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

others cut out heads of mission- recognizing that pastors and Give a poverty luncheon–cut out what you crave aries, etc. When finished, the other church leaders must often And serve only that which you need. frieze contained the comprehen- proceed conservatively in educat- Put into your gift box the money you sive question on the left, the map ing their people up to the ideal of savein the center with the subordi- purely voluntary giving for be- The results are surprising indeed! Now measure your waistline, and nate question, "Why Do Mission- nevolences and that time is a carefully, too, aries Go?" printed on it by the prime factor in the process, we Every inch earns a cheerful fine; leader, the picture of Christ on are glad to pass along sugges- And your age~a coin for each year the right over the words, "I came tions that have come in from will do. that they may have life," and time to time, urging that no plan Gray hairs are a hopeful sign!

just below the cutouts of the be used without a spiritualized The Baptist women at Santa Ana, California, have an all-year missionaries under the words, atmosphere and adaptation. birthday plan which brings in many a missionary dollar. Little "Go ye into all the world," these Proper motivation is quite pos- yellow bags with a torch sten- ciled on each and the following texts having been chosen by the sible in any of the following: jingle enclosed are given out at the beginning of the season: children after the preliminary Moccasins and Gifts. After presenttalk. ing an Indian program, one mission- Please put within this little bag A dime for every year A frieze was developed at each ary society distributed small moccasucceeding meeting and the sec- . sins made of dark red cambric. These The Lord has blessed and spared your ondary questions similarly an- were stitched with yellow and life swered. Near the close of the trimmed with colored beads. Inside was a rhyme requesting the recipient To work for Him down here. series, matters were so shaped to place' in the moccasin a sum equal to five times the size of her shoe and Or if you cannot spare that much, up that the children planned a to bring the moccasin and its con- Please give a less amount closing program at which par- tents to the next meeting. The enents and other children might be suing program opened with a short To spread the Gospel of our Lord So that your life may count. told all that they, themselves, devotional service based on the Indian version of the Twenty-third Psalm. Tell us the month your birthday's in had learned at the meetings and This was followed by six three-minute (The year we do not care), at which the series of friezes speeches on Indians who had chosen might be explained. This was the Jesus Road. A tepee with a camp Then you may sit within that group fire and fir trees placed on standards And in its fun you'll share. carried out to the last detail, the formed an attractive background. A children even staying to clear up woman and a girl dressed as Indians At table we'll collect the bags. all paraphernalia after the in- sat by the side of the tepee, the' for- And tUrn the money in, spiration was gone. Questions mer reciting an Indian poem wliile the To spread the Gospel o'er the earth, 1, 5, 6 and 8 were answered by pianist played softly, "By the Waters Christ's victories to win. means of vivid shadow pictures of Minnetonka." At the close of the thrown upon a sheet from the meeting two ushers gathered the moc- At each all-day meeting of the rear, children not only doing the casins with their offerings, and the women's society a birthday table acting but certain ones serving Indian girl gave in the sign language is arranged with a candleas announcers and explainers in the benediction, "May the Great Spir- crowned cake in the center, all a prologue and an epilogue. The it Mystery make sunrise in your the members whose natal days details of this series are most heart." At the accompanying mother fall within the current month be- and daughter banquet, little brown ing seated together and handing suggestive and inspiring.* It is paper canoes filled with spice drops in their offering bags. were used as favors. A heavy card The Hyde Park Baptist inconceivable that young people with a slit in it served as an easel Church, in Chicago, reports it~ conditioned thus in early life birthday party thus: should grow up with the indif- to make the canoe stand U"'. There In response to a charming jingle ference or the apathy toward were also little brown Paper tepees announcing the plan and the hope for with the program inside. The meet- an attendance of Methusalehs, all women in attendance upon the first ing was called "The Council of the meeting in April assembled in the so- cial room at the close of the afternoon foreign missions which, in their Squaws." program and were seated in a large parents, affords the present-day obstacle to the activation of The (The above-mentioned psalm in the Great Commission. sign language may be obtained from The American Baptist Publication Society, 1701 Chestnut St., Phila., Penna.) -Adapted from Missions.

How Shall We Finance the Capitalizing Natural Phenom- Church ena. When financial receipts de- Some of our readers are ask- clined so sharply last year, the circle in the center of which was a dainty table with birthday cake, dafing for more definite money-rais- Baptist women gave out little fodils and tall yellow candles. By ing plans than were given in this "silver boxes" bearing the in- previous connivance, one member department last month. The Edi- scription, "Every cloud has a sil- whose birthday fell in each of the suc- tor has long advocated the old ver lining. On every cloudy day cessive months had been supplied with a tiny candle and requested to act as formula: To raise money-first put in a piece of silver." These gift boxes were to be opened at leader of her group when called. The put your hand deep down into Christmas and Easter for spe- chairman then announced that an apyour pocket, get a good grip on propriate reading, instrumental or the money and then raise it. But cial gifts over and above the reg- vocal selection would herald the suc- cessive months as the calendar was * What Difference Does it Make? Litera- ular budget. Some of the sug- reviewed. This gave opportunity for gestions for raising extra money delightful entertainment, with the ture Headquarters of the United Lutheran merry carols of December, the bells Church, 723 Muhlenherg Bldg., Phila., Pa. follow. Price, 25 cents.

of January, the patriotism of Febru- electricity is stored power, and it is David McConoughy ($1.00 Presby- ary, the proverbial winds of March, only a question as to where that pow- terian Board). the showers of April, the flowers of er is to be loosed . . . Do you see For Women, "Stewardship in the May, the brides of June, the fire- what a blessed, what a solemn thing Life of Women," by Helen Kingsbury works of July, etc. When the musical this giving is-this giving of my Wallace (Revell Co., price, cloth, or literary keynote of a month was stored self to my Master? . . . When $1.00; paper, 50 cents); "Women thus given, its name was called; and we think of money that way and give and Stewardship," by Ellen Quick led by the key-woman for that month it that way and tell others of it, then Pierce (Westminster Press, 25 cents). (bearing her candle to be lighted at we shall have the Church of God say- For young people, "Stewardship in the central one), all present whose ing: "Hasten the collection in the the Life of Youth," by Williamson natal days fell within the month church. Quick! Let the ushers pass and Wallace (Revell Co., cloth, $1.00; marched around the table and deposit- down that we may loose ourselves for paper, 50 cents); "Stewardship for ed their Methusalean pennies in its Jesus' sake and send out stored power All of Life," by Luther E. Lovejoy dainty receptacle. At the close the the world around for the sake of Him who gave Himself for us. That is (Methodist Book Concern, 75 cents). birthday cake was cut and each per- consecrated use of money.-The New son received a small piece. The funds Christian. For children, "Stewardship Stories," were used as an offering for the Eas- by Guy L. Morrill (Doubleday, Doran & Co., price, 50 cents); "More Stewter objective. ardship Stories for Boys and Girls,"

The Methodist women ob- Attention, Pastors! by Emma A. Robinson (M. E. Book Concern, price, 35 cents):; "Junior served Calico Year last year Have you made any definite Stewards of the Bible," by Helen K. (and are repeating it in spirit as drive in your church toward the Wallace (Revell Co., 75 cents).

well as practice), the spirit of goal of Stewardship Education? 3. Use popular devices for sacrificial economy being visual- If so, write us for publication serving up the material, particized by a small calico pocket con- about the plans used. If not, ularly with youth. Essay containing a suitable leaflet with the ponder carefully the following tests, reading contests for points, request that a self-denial offering suggestions and act at once upon poster contests, debates on such be accumulated therein by a giv- those best suited for local con- questions as "Resolved: That the en date. At the end of the period ditions. The matter is a para- practice of the stewardship of it was proposed that not only the mount, basic one under present money is superior in financing gifts be turned in but that the conditions. the church to commercial moneycalico pockets and similar dress- 1. Organize the endeavor. raising methods," an experience es, freshly laundered, be brought Some churches have a School of meeting of tithers, a stewardship to the meeting and relayed to Stewardship with graded classes intelligence test in which statemissionaries on the field. It was meeting for six successive weeks ments concerning stewardship suggested that a nice handker- as in a School of Missions. The are to be marked as true and chief or other suitable gift be meetings may be at the Sunday false, dramatizations, etc. Hometucked away in the pocket. school or the young people's made sketches may be arranged· hour, at the time of the regular on anyone of several books. In "A More Excellent Way" midweek service or as otherwise addition, one leader recommends determined. Others arrange "Farming Eden," "Not Exempt" Paul has told us that while cer- stewardship classes as a part of and the old but ever good tain practices were good and de- "Thanksgiving Ann." sirable, "Yet show I unto you a the School of Missions. Somemore excellent way"-which times the studies form a part of 4. By all means have the study proved to be the way of love. the annual program calendar of eventuate and activate itself in When church leaders succeed in the Women's Society, the Young a project. Among these may be convincing the membership that People's Group, the children's mentioned tithers' leagues; an money is stored power in the ex- every-member canvass; Chrispending of which we loose our missionary societies. Sometimes tian Americanization calls; the very selves, and that back of it the pastor uses successive prayer working out of family and perall there is an obligation of stew- meetings for lectures or discus- sonal budgets in which a Chrisardship under the impulse of sions by qualified leaders. In any tian balance shall be established love, church treasurers will cease event, do not make the matter between necessities, luxuries and to turn prematurely grey and random or occasional. amusements on one hand and missionary administrators will Kingdom-building on the other; sing the Doxology all day long. 2. Select the best material for reading, study or as a basis for visualizations of the denomina- My definition of money for this exposition or demonstration. In tional or the church budget; purpose is simply this: Money is my- teaching children how to keep acself . . . At the close of the week I addition to specific denomina- counts segregating an amount get $12.00 and put it into my pocket. tional publications on steward- for benevolences; working out ship, books on the following list will be found excellent: What is that $12.00? It is a week's For mixed groups of adults, "Work- plans for them to earn the money worth of my muscle put into green- ers Together," by Frederick A. Agar they give instead of passing along parental hand-outs, etc. backs and pocketed; that is, I have and Harry S. Myers (Fleming H. What church commercialism can got a week's worth of myself in my Revell Co., $1.00); "Stewardship and pocket. Now the moment you under- Missions," by Charles A. Cook (Amerstand this, you begin to understand that money in your pocket is not mere- ican Baptist Publication Society, furnish the needful funds as ly silver and gold but is something cloth, 50 cents; paper, 35 cents); profitably and as well as an eduhuman, something that is instinct with power expended. Money like "The Stewardship of Life," by Julius cational campaign like the fore- Earl Crawford (Cokesbury Press, going?

$1.00); "Money, the Acid Test,'; by BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, H)5 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~II=–"–==–==—==-~=–==–====—–==–=—-=~=-===I~ HOME MISSIONS TODAY AND TOMORROW The Annual Meetings of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions, were held January 8-11, 1934, at the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church in New York.

"Builders of a New World" Digest of the Meeting of lege, and with three years of graduate work, but in his own Theme taken from the book of Leaders of Young People. Miss thinking he had never connected that title, by Robert M. Bartlett. Sue Weddell, Chairman of the current movements and the Committee on Young People's Christian teaching with which These are quotations from the Work, presided, and brought to he was endowed. The churches devotions of the Annual Meeting the group a statement from the have given the individual an unof the Committee on Young Peo- Foreign Missions Conference. derstanding of the Christian life ple's Work, conducted by Miss Three characteristics are notable but have not been able to make Nona M. Diehl, Secretary for in young people today;-they are the connection between that rich- Young Women, Women's Mis- searching for a faith; they are ness of life and the individual's sionary Society, United Luther- wanting to do things; they are place in society. The result is an Church in America. needing something to take the that many of our most aspiring place of the Student Volunteer young men and women of today 1 Corinthians 3: 10-13, Wey- appeal in a day when the church- when they want something with mouth Translation. Paul says: es are not able to send many which to ally themselves choose missionaries to the field. It had projects that may have grown In exercise oj the grace given me also been noted by Miss Weddell originally from Christian ethics, by God, I, like a competent master- in contact with young people but the leaders of which are no builder, have ladd a foundation, and that they were greatly chal- longer Christian in any sense of others are building upon it. But let lenged by such movements as the everyone be careful how he builds. Oxford Group and communism. the word." For no one can lay any foundation Dr. Daniel A. Poling felt this other than that which is already laid, "The whole problem of the namely, Jesus Christ. And whether to be the heart of the problem the building which anyone erects on present day," said Dr. Mary E. and said the underlying reason that foundation be of gold or silver, lay in the fact that the psycholor costly stones, or of timber or hay Markley, in reference to the ogy of youth is advance, whereor straw-the character of each in- as the psychology of the Church dividual's work shall appear. youth of the Church, "is that we today is withdrawal. He finds have no method of making tangi- that emphasis needs to be placed This poem used as a prayer: ble and efficient the connection first of all upon attitude. between the Christian dynamic God grant us wisdom in these coming and the thing that is going on in Three ways were suggested by days, the world about us; the nexus Dr. Poling to give the young peo- needs to be made between the in- ple a place in the home mission- And eyes unsealed, that we clear dividual Christian life and the ary enterprise:- visions see social situations in which the in- dividual finds himself." As an 1. To have more adequate represen- Of that new world that He would example, Dr. Markley who is tation of youth on our Mission Boards. have us build, secretary of the Board of Edu- cation of the United Lutheran 2. To have a compuls·ory retiring To life's ennoblement and His high Church spoke of a young man be- age for Board secretaries. ministry. longing to the Student League for Industrial Democracy, who 3. To have a re-statement and re- To pledge our souls to nobler, loftier came into her office one day to definition of our missionary enter- life, talk. When asked if he found prise that will make it possible for anything new in this movement people to believe that we mean to stop To win the world to His fwir sanc- which he could not find in the overlapping and rivalry and denomi- tities, New Testament, his answer was: national divisions. "I never thought about that." To bind the nations in a pact of peace, "Reared in a Christian home, Opening S e s s ion, Annual And free the Soul of Life for finer graduated from a Christian col- Meeting of the Council of Wom- loyalties. en, was a fellowship supper on [145 ] January eighth. Mrs. Daniel A. I Poling presided, and her opening Not of our own might can we hope to rise Above the ruts and failures of the past, But with His help Who did the first earth build With hearts courageous may we fairer build this last.

-John Oxenham. message was "Love one another, Tuesday Evening, with the new realization of missions and as I have loved you." Mrs. An- Home Missions Council. a dependence upon God.

son Spotton of the Un it e d At a well attended dinner The summary address by Dr. Church of Canada was one of meeting, Dr. Henry W. A. Han- Albert W. Beaven, President of our honor guests, as was Mrs. son, chairman of the Committee the Federal Council of Churches Howard Wayne Smith, president on Review and Forecast, gave an of Christ, stressed the value of interesting address. He said: cooperation. of the former Federation ')f Women's Boards of Foreign Mis- The Home MisSions task of the Weare conscious of the tradition sions. This organization is now Church is not one which could be com- for which we stand,-the cause of integrating its work with that mitted to a small group of men and Christ. In reviewing our home misof the Foreign Missions Confer- women as theirs alone, it is the task sion task, no one has the sense of h!1vence. of the whole Church, the task of mak- ing done it as it should be done, we ing America Christian, of driving the come with a sense of inadequacy. That Miss Weddell presented the pipes out into the desert lands of is not due to not reaching our goal, findings of the Young People's America. merely that the nearer we came to Committee, and the Executive the goal, the broader, the finer, the Secretary, Miss Anne Seesholtz, The Church has three great responsi- deeper, the project seemed to become. in her report, marked for us bilities: We have conquered ground and de- veloped resources and must now turn month by month, the major tasks (1) The slum areas, out of touch them into a blessing. We of the accomplished this year. Miss with everything worth while. Church are realizing we have not Seesholtz is serving on the fac- counted as we ought to count if we ulty of the Florida Chain of Mis- (2) The second great "'roup are in are as we profess to be. sions from January 20 through our educational institutions. There February 15, speaking in church- are thirty million boys and girls, men If curtailment will move in the dies, schools and clubs several and women enrolled in various types rection of cooperation it will accomtimes each day. of educational institutions. What plish much. Cooperation that is in the are the churches doing for them? form of emulation, is an advantage. In the absence of Miss Sees- Education must have at its heart "that It must be fitted to the needs of the holtz we are happy to prepare mind which was in Christ Jesus." people participating. Denominationalthis account of the annual meet- Student pastors are like flowers here ism as it exists, implements our: selfings. The executive secretary and there in a great desert. We are ishness. We cling tenaciously to little related a story told by Alex- turning out students with Rolls-Royce loyalties to the exclusion of bigger ander Irvine of his mother Anna, power and Ford brakes, growing up ones. who when he was a lad put two with everything but spiritual earnestsmooth sticks in his hands, told ness. America needs a generation of The Joint Sessions of the him to hold tight, close his eyes, young people coming into her pulpits, Councils. Our Supreme Enand see the tree at the end of a who are spiritually earnest about their couragement, 0 u r Available field, in which he would plow a tasks, asking to supply the place of Companionship, 0 u r Watchstraight furrow. She concluded greatest missionary need. word for the Hour, the s e her lesson by saying:- thoughts on which Dr. Ernest (3) Group of the political burden M. Halliday centered our wor- Listen dear, ye've put yer han' t' bearers. ship during the three days, were the plow; ye must niver, niver take truly helpful in setting a high it away. All through life ye'll have The Church of today is like the level for our considerations and thim plow handles in yer han's an' Mount of Transfiguration, where the discussions. superlative found divine expression. At the foot of the mount is an infinite "Home Missions Today and need, a confused and baffled disciple- Tomorrow," the book prepared ship, needing the infinite power from the top to give them a magnificent ob- session.

ye'll be going down the furrow. Ye'll With a contagious sparkle, and by Rev. Hermann N. Morse, crack a stone here an' there, the freshness, Miss Lena Gillian, of D.D., was presented under four plow'II stick offen and things will be Annville Academy, in Kentucky, headings. (1) Interpretation, out of gear, but ye're in the furrow giving the underlying point of all the time. Ye'll change horses, ye'll and now in training as a nurse, view of the report, its purpose, change clothes, ye'll change yerself, spoke of the influence (in her the spirit and scope of it. (2) but ye'll always be in the furrow, years at school) of Christian Adequacy of the present proplowin', plowin', plowin'-ye're God's women who had stirred her am- gram. (3) Relationships of peoplow man. bition to make her life count too. ples, of agencies, Church groups In 1933 we too have been "God's plowmen." Miss Florence Another splendid contribution and non-church groups. (4) Tyler, Secretary of the Commit- to our evening was made by Dan Next Steps-specific recommentee on The World Day of Prayer, Poling of Princeton. His topic, dations to focus attention on the gave us a vivid picture of the "The Need of the Young People major forward steps. World Day of Prayer observance of the Church for the Mission Dr. Morse in his opening presin many places, and the realiza- Field," was illustrated by his entation, pointed the fact that tion of the length of the observ- own experience in teaching in "all of our problems are not due ance around the world, forty Daily Vacation Bible Schools in to this economic depression," it hours! the coal fields of South Dakota. has but accentuated the problems The Council of Women met in He sensed in it an opportunity, we already had, thrown them inseparate session on Tuesday and sensed also his poverty, felt to. bolder relief. "Weare forced morning in order to receive the he had nothing to give to boys to adapt the whole structure of reports of our standing commit- and girls who walk six miles home missions to the changed tees. every day to class. It brought a Meeds of this new day."

AMERICA Mexican Outbreak Against ferences for Christian

Religion people have been held with ex- United Evangelical Church of After an interval since the last cellent success for three years. Puerto Rico outbreak against clericalism in Tlanextepec, an Aztec word Mexico, recent events indicate which means "the hill where the the beginning of a fresh, cam- The Evangelical Union of new day breaks," is the mean- Puerto Rico, organized in 1916 paign further to eliminate the ingful name given the young as a coordinating agency for people's camp where a new day Baptist, Disciples, Methodist and influence of the Church from the in reality is breaking for the Presbyterian churches, and the youth of Mexico. United Evangelical Church of life of the State. It is not merely Puerto Rico (Christian, Congre- the Roman Catholic Church Contagious Enthusiasm gational and United Brethren), which is the object of attack, but have reorganized under a new all churches and all religion. The Central American Indian name and constitution. Mission reports the following in- Speakers at the convention of stance of loyalty: This new organization's policy the National Revolutionary party (the party now in power VVhen the question was brought up will be to make grants of appro- as to whether the little lukewarm con- in Mexico), lately in session at gregation in San Antonio Palopo priations to the aided churches Queretero, shouted "Down with could support their Zutugil student religion! Down with God !" pastor and family, there was a tendrather than directly to their min- ency to fall back upon the arm of the Hostility to all religion is shown isters. The local council of the in declarations like the follow- United Church will apportion ing: mission. But one member arose and the grants from the mission The revolutionaries are not ene- said, "Brethren, we have very little Boards, instead of having indi- mies only of the Roman Catholic money to give, but we can give what vidual grants made by the Board Church but of all churches, because we have. I offer one acre of planted committees at the home offices. they deform men's brains, transfo~m­ land for the use of our pastor." It is hoped that the Evangelical ing them into instruments for servmg Churches of Puerto Rico will capitalism. Another Christian eagerly anthus be able to enjoy independ- nounced, "I give two acres of land ence with fellowship. There is no God except in petrified ready to plant." hearts and books. The priests are Haiti Becomes Hispaniola like bartenders who exploit mankind. A third jumped to his feet and promised, HI offer one acre of my The second largest island in VVe must sacrifice even respect for timber plot, so that our pastor may area and population in the West our mothers' beliefs for the sake of be assured of enough wood for his Indies, Haiti, which comprises the younger generation, giving the use." the Republics of Haiti and of latter socialist, rationalist and un- Santo Domingo, is making its prejudiced education. The enthusiasm charged the whole appearance on official United congregation. Several agreed to States maps and in publications The Mexican government is a furnish foodstuffs, while others promas Hispaniola, thus having its "revolutionary" government, and ised small sums of money. That en- some of the leaders, who are thusiasm still continues unabated, most influential in it, are con- with actual fulfilment of their prom- vinced that the revolution must ises. grow more anti-religious. -Moody Institute Monthly. -Christian Century. "No Crisis With God" in Chile William M. Strong, of the name restored to that given it by Mexico's Sunday Schools Soldiers' Gospel Mission of Columbus when he discovered it in 1492. Haiti was the original More than 500 Evangelical South America and stationed at Sunday schools)n Mexico have a Concepcion, Chile; was inspired Carib name for the island. This total enrolment of about 40,000. with fresh hope by the receipt change was made because it has This is an increase of sixty per been difficult to distinguish the cent over the report made last of a letter enclosing a check, and whole island, and the Republic year at Rio de Janeiro. Mexico the words: "There is no crisis of Haiti, which occupies only also leads the twenty Latin with the Lord."

Many new homes have been opened to the Gospel through the one-half of it. It was also an American nations in vacation tent services and vacation Bible injustice to Santo Domingo, Bible schools, with the possible Schools. The work is branching which occupies the other half. exception of Brazil. Camp con- out to include 100,000 Mapuchi [147 ]

Indians, who are largely within EUROPE the loss of her wealth and social a circle 120 miles in diameter. Buddhism Bold in Britain prestige, and the persecutions to These Indians are now en- which she is subjected-has been thralled in a system of witch- Buddhism is preparing to to increase her attractiveness craft. make its first bid for an impor- for the Jews. Under the Czar it Mr. Strong points out the tre- tant place in Europe. It is not is said that the Jews who turned mendous opportunity in the an Easterner who is leading the to Christianity did so for very rural districts of Chile. The movement, but a Jew, named worldly reasons, and few paid Mission has recently purchased Trebitsch Lincoln, who before any real attention to the Gospel 25 acres of land in a thickly pop- donning the gray and yellow- message. It is different today. ulated rural district, where the brown robes of the Abbot Chao Under the official harrow an people are a sturdy, serious Kung, was a cleric of the evangelical movement is spreadminded type, but unreached by Church of England, member or ing and deepening within the the Gospel. the British Parliament, then a Russian Church, whose simple spy for Germany during the primitive Christian doctrine and sincere spirit of brotherhood are Sowing the Seed in Brazil World War. He is now the drawing the Jews within its in- fluence as no church movement Baptist mIsSIonaries, who leader of a band of twelve dis- ever did before." have labored in the Amazon ciples, drawn from leading counvalley of Brazil for over forty -Watchman-Examiner. years, have seen great changes tries of Europe. Undaunted by take place. The most important his exclusion from Great Britain Scandinavian Missions is the number of people from almost every class of life, who and Sweden, and expUlsion from The Lutheran Church in the have come to know Jesus Christ Belgium last year, Abbot Chao Scandinavian countries reports as their personal Saviour. Over Kung is determined to return to its foreign mission enterprise in five hundred belong to the Bap- Europe with his twelve disciples the following figures: tist churches scattered all the way from Para (or Belein) to and several Chinese monks to Denmark Norway Sweden the borders of Peru and Colom- establish a monastery. bia, on the Amazon River; to the Missionaries . 240 400 700 southwest on the Madeira River If he is not allowed entry to to Bolivia; to the north on the any country in Europe he Contributions (crowns) . 1,750,000 3,000,000 4,250,000 threatens that all Christian mis- sionaries in Buddhist lands must Baptized In go home. 1930 ….. 1,900 11,000 6,000 Native Chris- -New York Times. tians …. 29,000 156,000 85,000 White River towards British New Conditions in Spain AFRICA Guiana. Spanish Protestants are still a Abyssinia's Crusade Against Presbyterians also have sta- feeble folk, numbering less than Slavery tions and doing good work in 20,000, but among them are men Brazil. The British Bible So- of ability and consecration, who Antislavery reform measures are dreaming of a strong Evan- in Abyssinia, to bring slavery to ciety maintains a staff of col- gelical Church of Spain. Several an end within a period of twenty porteurs, who use their own foreign churches – American, years, have been making proglaunches and canoes, traveling French, Swiss, German, Dutch, ress since they were put into English, Irish, and Scottish are force over a year ago. A Slavery up and down the many rivers helping toward this end. In Department was established in and sowing the Word of God. 1932, the Evangelical Church of August, 1933, and first concen- St. Paul was dedicated in Bar- trated on preventing slave raids Forty years ago there was one celona, a city of 1,000,000 peo- and the trade in slaves. It was ple. Less than two years pre- revealed that some of the highlone Methodist missionary and vious, evangelical forces were est officials were involved in wife working Para. They were not permitted even to hold a con- these affairs; one of them was self-supporting, but had to put ference in Barcelona. The open- Sheik Khojali, whose wife had ing of this church is said to be actually established a slave deup a hard, brave struggle to without a parallel in Spain. pot in the Sudan, through which manage a living. had passed 600 slave children. Persecution Adds Strength She was imprisoned, and is now The Christian natives make in a Sudan jail. active soul winners but being World Dominion states that, young in the faith and having no in spite of unceasing attacks -Literary Digest. upon all religion in Russia, the previous knowledge of the Bible facts tend to prove that Chris- After Twenty-eight Years and the Christian life, they are not always stable without the oversight of the missionary.

We greatly need reinforcements and support to keep those who are on the field from being called home.

MRS. E. A. NELSON, tianity is far from being a spent Nearly 4,000 Christians, many Caixa 84A, Manaos, for force. According to a German of them second generation be- forty-one years a mission- writer: "One consequence of the lievers, dedicated their new ary in Brazil. Church's temporal misfortune- Lolodorf Church in Ngumba,

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

West Africa, last July. Large riage and divorce, education for Saoud, powerful ruler 9f Arabia, girls, etc. Other questions were including the Hedjaz and Mecca. delegations from five daughter brought up by the women them- Riadh is in the very heart of churches were present to rejoice selves. These were the principal Arabia 300 miles west of Bahwith the mother church in this findings of the women: rain, the Persian Gulf port, and first permanent church home 450 miles east of Jidda, the port since the organization twenty- 1. A believer ought not to marry an on the Red Sea through which eight years ago. The building unbeliever, and the Church must not letters reach us. sanction such marriages. is a credit to all who had a part The following brief letter, in fulfilling a long-cherished 2. It is the duty of women to rear dated Riadh, October 11, 1933, their children in Christian homes, and from Mrs. G. D. Van Peursem, dream – dignified, compact, yet to allow their daughters equal oppor- of the Arabian Mission of the commodious; with a main audi- tunities with the boys for schooling. Reformed Church in America, torium, three gallaries, choir loft gives a fascinating first glimpse 3. The wife of a teacher should al- of the king's household as seen and session room. It is built of ways go with him to live in the village through the eyes of a Christian brick, cement and tile. where he teaches. (It is far too com- woman. mon for a wife to let her husband go Two dedicatory services were alone to the new village where he has Who had faith enough to believe been sent as teacher.) that on Dr. Dame's fourth visit, he held to accommodate the crowds, would have his wife, an Indian nurse and the seating capacity was all 4. Wives of teachers ought to be and myself along and so open wom- taught too, so that they can help their en's work in the very center of the taken by church members only. husbands. They should have teaching Islamic world, in the palace harem in hygiene and mid-wifery as well as of the King, Bin Saoud? Old Man Burns Gods in elementary school subjects. We have been here almost three On one of his tours from 5. Christians must not drink fer- months. Permission to leave has been mented drinks of any kind, whether tentatively granted for October 20 Moanza, in Belgian Congo, made of the juice of sugar cane or but we doubt that arrangements will pineapple, mashed corn, or the sap of be made for that date. As guests of Africa, a Baptist worker visited the palm tree. the King, we naturally are not inde- pendent; as a matter of fact no a village set on a high grassy 6. Christians should not indulge in European or American ever comes to heathen customs of mourning for the Riadh unless invited or permitted to hill. As he entered he heard dead. come by the King, and is his guest during his stay. songs, and soon over five hun- -Missions. Both Mrs. Dame and I have been dred people were gathered and New Afrikaans Bible adopted as members of the family as far as social position is concerned. he began to examine a large In the British and Foreign Bi- The King holds a Mejlis (reception) ble Society's magazine, Rev. A. every Friday for his women relatives, number of candidates for bap- H. Wilkinson says that the new sisters, aunts, wives, daughters and Afrikaan's Bible has "veritably daughters-in-law. We have been intism. The first to be examined proved best seller. The English vited to attend these. Everybody sits Shilling Bible sold half a million according to rank, the King's own full was an old chief, Tawamba, who copies in a year. There are prob- sisters by his own mother, sitting ably fifty times more people nearest to him. We have been placed during the past year had given speaking English than there are next to the youngest of thes.e three speaking Afrikaans, yet, al- sisters and ahead of the other nine. evidence of a change of life and though the Afrikaans book is Wives do not rank as high as sisters. two and a half times the price of The King introduced us to those who had been leading his people to- the English, we have expecta- had not met us previously, by telling tions of selling a quarter of a them we were the only Christians he ward Christianity. While he was million within the first year. would invite to Riadh, that we were Seldom in the history of the So- real true Christians, missionaries, being examined there lay before ciety has a new version of the whose purpose is to spread their re- Bible had such instantaneous ligion, and that we were doing everythe little church a smoldering success. During the past fifteen thing we did in the service of God. years the language has been reheap of fetishes and images, the made. The vocabulary has been JOSEPHINE E. VAN PEURSEM. standardized by the publication last of his idols and fetishes. -Neglected Arabia. of official dictionaries and gram- When· the old chief made his mars. Afrikaans has ousted Persecutions of Moham- Dutch from the schools as a medeclaration of faith in Christ, dium of instruction." medans the native pastor turned to -The Presbyterian. The activities of the Soviet Government in Turkestan are whisper to the worker: "Tata, WESTERN ASIA causing many Mohammedans to leave the country. Many of you. can't appreciate what this At the Cour,t of Bin Saoud them reach the Panjab and Delhi. The Statesman, published all means to him. There are his For the first time American in Calcutta, reports that the re- women have been invited to strictions of the government beold gods outside smoldering, and Riadh, capital city of Sheikh Bin gan with the prohibition of all here he, an old man, has dared to say they are powerful in life no longer!" -Forward.

, New Day for Congo Women To a conference of native church workers, held at Sona Bata, each station sent two women delegates. This is the first time Congo women have organ- ized for business and discussion. Sessions for men and women were held separately but all joined in devotional periods. The men proposed what they considered proper questions for the women to consider – mar-

religious instruction in the drivers. One driver sleeps while BOMBAY PRESIDENCY: schools as well as of all mission- the others are in charge. ary activity. As the influence One missionary to every 37,575 Inof Moscow increased, the Koran Back of the front baggage dian Population. and other religious books were compartment is a bulkhead taken away. In order to prevent carrying two spare wheels and UNITED PROVINCES: the attendance at the mosques, tires, and back of this bulkhead the officials compelled all who is a complete buffet, with a re- One missionary to every 66,956 Inwent there to pray, to pay high frigerator holding 500 pounds dian population. taxes and the preachers and of ice and accommodating ample heads of congregations who op- food and drink for the trip, a CENTRAL PROVINCES: posed these regulations, were double plate burner for cooking, imprisoned, shot to death or sent and complete serving equipment. One missionary to every 42,639 Into Moscow, from where no Serving and recreation tables dian population. further word ever reached their and other conveniences are furfriends. Religious schools were nished. A telephone system con- PUNJAB: closed and Mohammedan chil- nects the driver in the tractor dren were compelled to attend cab with the crew of the pas- One missionary to every 60,690 Inschools where atheism was senger coach. dian population. taught. They were taught to despise the religion of their par- The second class section of the BURMA: ents. Those who wanted to make coach is located at the rear. pilgrimages to the holy places Underneath is the water supply One missionary to every 37,700 Inreceived no passports and fast- tank holding 90 gallons. At the dian population. ing for religious reasons was forward end of this section is a declared a criminal offence. lavatory compartment. MADRAS: This presents a close parallel It is this service and similar One missionary to every 41,124 Into what was and is still experi- ones that have opened up the dian population. enced by Christians under the Near East to the tourist and same government! have enabled many Bible stu- CEYLON: dents to visit the sites of ancient A New Ship of the Desert Biblical cities like Babylon, Ur One missionary to every 32,973 In- of the Chaldees and Nineveh. dian population. A recent interesting and sig- Along with this has gone the denificant development in the East velepoment of air travel, which RAJPUTANA: is the transportation by motor has made it possible to reach bus from Damascus and Haifa ancient Babylon from England One missionary to every 14,363 Into Baghdad across the desert. in a few days. dian population. This service was established by two brothers named Nairn, and -The Evangelical Witness. CENTRAL INDIA: is today one of the recognized feature"s of Eastern travel. Re- Service in Kabul One missionary to every 75,171 Incently there has been constructed dian population. for this service by the Bender Not since 1879 has a Christian Body Company and Marmon- service been held in Kabul until Even these figures do not tell Herrington Co. of the United last fall. The chaplain at Pesh- the whole story, since half of the States the largest motor bus in awar was asked to come to the missionaries are engaged in medthe world. legation that the staff might ob- ical, educational and industrial serve the Lord's Supper. A work, thus giving to each evan- This caravan coach is seventy medical missionary from the gelistic missionary twice the feet long and eleven feet high. C. M. S. hospital accompanied number of population above It has both first-class and second- him, but not as a missionary, specified. class passenger compartments, for it was specifically agreed with front and rear inside stor- that there should be no preach- -United Church Record. age spaces accommodating 6,100 ing apart from the Sunday servpounds of freight and baggage. ices for the legation staff. This Fifty-three Confirmations The rear fish tail end holds 3,100 chaplain was probably the first pounds and the space at the British missionary to enter Dr. Azariah, Bishop of Dornafront over the fifth wheel 3,000 Afghanistan for a hundred kal, had fifty-three confirmations pounds. Interior luggage shelves years. -Alliance Weekly. within a year, confirming 3,054 in the first-class compartment persons. Massachusetts, New accommodate 2,500 pounds. Ad- INDIA York and Pennsylvania are the ditional luggage may be carried only American dioceses of the on the roof. The crew consists One Among Many Thousands Protestant Episcopal Church in of conductor, steward and three which this number of persons Here is the percentage of confirmed was exceeded. The missionaries to the population of first baptism in Dornakal took India, as found in the latest Mis- place, after several years' of sionary Directory: work, in 1906. As a diocese, the field has just come of age, as Bishop Azariah celebrated the twenty-first anniversary of his consecration on December 29, 1933.

But the most impressive fact is that the Indian clergy are growing. They have put con- version in the quality of one's living as the first essential to a Christian life, and have made this their primary responsibility. Teaching is put next in impor- tance. One young Indian teacher thus reports his work among vil- lage people: They used to drink toddy but when I told them of the disadvantages that

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

come and that it was a sin in God's for consolidating small uneco- and the injection "Sala," with sight, they stopped the habit. They nomical holdings. its old gun rack seats, was used used to poison cattle (to get their for all kinds of meetings. There hides) but they are now all right. I The Guardian also points to beg you to pray for the work to go on great social progress as coming has been great need for a suit- victoriously and that I may be true from the new cooperative socie- able House of Prayer. The and faithful in my work. ties which have long been India's young women's Philo Christo From Jungle to School one real hope of overthrowing Bible Class of McKeesport, Pa., the old power of the money- heard of the need and have do- A Baptist missionary of Nal- lender. Twenty-four years ago nated a beautiful building to the there was not one cooperative service of Christ among lepers. gonda, South India, writes: society in India. Today there One hundred and nine lepers The other day a man brought in his are more than one hundred thou- assembled for the joyful dedicasmall son and asked that we take him. They had walked thirty miles through sand, and the number is still in- tion service. Their "thorn in the jungle, and when they reached us and were informed about the fees re- creasing. the flesh" is recognized as given quired for entrance they were dis- A Faithful Convert in Assam to them to bring them to Christ, mayed. The lad was his eldest son, the only One who could say, with and had been dedicated to God in Far up in the northeast sec- love and authority, "I will, be prayer and hope that some day he tion of Assam Christian work is might be the preacher-teacher of the being carried on among the thou clean." Five more lepers village. The father is the only Chris- were baptized in the Christian tian there, a light to the glory of God Kachari peoples. Dr. A. J. Tut- faith. in that village. How could we turn him away? When we finally told him tle writes of an outstanding con- The building is of brick with that we would try to make provision vert, Demphla, who used to be a for the boy the father made his bitter enemy of the Christians. reenforced concrete pillars and salaam.s of thanksgiving and walked Early last year he accepted concrete floor and will seat two silently away. The father's earnings Christianity and being a leader hundred: The arcade which amount to about ten cents a day, and in his village his stand has atthere are eight others in the family. tracted others. Eighty-one new runs around the building will accommodate nearly a hundred – Watchman-Examiner. converts in his and a neighbor- more. ing village are reported. The "Villager the Real Indian" supervising pastor receives loyal The Home is struggling finan- support whenever he visits in The Manchester Guardian that area. cially as political disturbances claims that "the villager is the have delayed the granting of essential Indian," and that the -Watchman-Examiner. life in India's half million vil- promised aid from the Govern- ment. It is earnestly hoped that adequate help may come to tide over this real crisis.

lages will continue to dominate Burman Agricultural School More than nineteen thousand that country's 330,000,000 peo- of Siam's twenty thousand lepers ple. For this reason the Guardian The Agricultural School at still remain without scientific reminds the British Government Pyinmana, Burma, has com- treatment for their disease. that reform must begin with pleted its tenth year. The Gov- This constitutes tremendous village improvement. A plan ernment cooperates heartily and challenge to the Government, to toward this end was promoted makes a generous annual grant. the Church and to the friends of by Sir Frederick Sykes during Special features of the school lepers everywhere. DR. McDANIEL. his presidency of Bombay, ac- are the Annual Rural Recon- cording to which the village struction Institute, held each CHINA councils were urged to become spring, and the Workers' Instiinstruments of voluntary better- tute, held each autumn. There ment, and each to make their have been 342 students enrolled. Light in Darkness own village a "model." Of the graduates 58% have gone One is impressed with the fact The possibilities are almost back to farms, and 88 % are en- that while the material condition endless. In health matters every gaged in some form of service b of the people in Manchuria has villager could be taught to have rural communities. Student ac- never been worse, the spiritual himself vaccinated regularly tivities are reaching out to help condition of the church there against smallpox, to keep the as many people as possible. The has never been better. The new village water supply pure, to school farm occupies approxi- spirit which has awakened is build village incinerators and mately 200 acres. opening more doors for the Gostrench latrines, to drain stag- -Agricultural Mission Notes. pel than adverse material condi- nant pools, and to build his house tions are closing.

under by-law regulations which SIAM This spiritual impetus could the Council will have power to A New Chapel for Lepers be discerned at least four years enforce. Schools could be built before the Japanese political and illiteracy sharply cut down. At the Nakon Leper Home in coup d'etat of September, 1931.

For the farmer there could be Sritamarat, Siam, a new chapel About two years ago in Liaoyang advice and instruction for im- was dedicated on November 5. City Church 66 adults were bap- proving the yield of crops, and The Home was opened in 1927 tized at one service. In that dis-

trict there are at present over for Christian scholars to win the edu- evangelistic team were stoned by 500 inquirers preparing for bap- cated classes. Nearly all the members a prominent man from the welltism. In Moukden East Church of the present senior class are Chris- to-do section of the village, and during 1932 there were 165 tians. There is no reason for the Marcia in trying to escape, fell adult baptisms, with 200 in- University to continue unless it is a and narrowly missed being quirers receiving definite in- definitely Christian school. We need killed. The man who threw the struction. In a small village help in training leaders, in supporting stones was frightened. He ofchurch south of Moukden mem- such strategic institutions as ours, in fered to set off firecrackers, give bership was doubled in one year. encouraging us to attempt daring ex- a feast – anything Pastor Go Similar reports come from all periments in order to adapt our work might suggest as a formal apolsections. One striking evidence to the new day. Send us your best ogy. Both Marcia and Pastor of spiritual growth is the in- teachers and above all make your own Go refused to approve such repcreasing number of Chinese re- Christian life a center of power. aration. He couldn't undervival preachers. stand their attitude. When he – Watchman-Examiner. insisted on doing something to Rural Rehabilitation make amends, Pastor Go said Success of Chengtu Hospital they would accept a statement, Though embroiled in many signed by himself, that never political upheavals, government Notable work has been done again would he or his friends in officials are not overlooking the by the Eye, Ear, Nose and the village molest the Christians necessity of rural rehabilitation. Throat Hospital in Chengtu, of the village, nor would he ever General Chiang and his col- China, in training and inspiring again exact money from the leagues intend to set plans in Chinese young men to become Christians for idol worship and operation in Kiangsi and Fukien specialists in fields greatly needed showy idol processions. as soon as possible after they re- by China's millions. This Hos- -Woman's Missionary Friend. capture territory there from the pital in the capital of Szechuan communists. They are definitely Province is under the Methodist JAPAN-CHOSEN seeking the aid of Christian Board and is superintended by forces in this plan. Anglicans Dr. R. A. Petersen. Dr. Lu Christianity's Superior and Methodists in that region Djong-lin, after special training are quite sympathetic. A com- there, has just returned from a Teaching mittee of Christians has already twenty months' scholarship in been organized in this connec- England. He is one of the first The Japanese Government tion. The National Christian Chinese to take an advanced de- gave recognition of the National Council of China, whose aid was gree abroad and now holds an Christian Council of Japan by also requested, sent representa- assistant professorship on the sending two representatives 9f tives to Nanchang to confer faculty. Others have made no- the national Department of Eduabout the matter. Government table records. cation. One of the representaauthorities have offered to sup- tives stated that "Christianity ply a considerable part of the -Christian Advocate. has rendered a service to Japan funds needed. which is far out of proportion to Seventy New Centers the number of its adherents. -Christian Century. The superior character of its It is reported that at least teachings and the fact that it in- Need for Christian Educators seventy new centers in China troduced a new culture into have been occupied by the mis- Japan has made this possible. In Dr. Herman C. E. Liu, Presi- sionaries of the China Inland its present situation, however, dent of the University of Shang- Mission since the beginning of Japan is not so dependent on forhai, said in an address before a the forward movement in 1928. eign thought and influence as meeting of Baptists in Chicago: During the first nine months of formerly, and it is incumbent on last year 3,699 baptisms were Christianity to become indig- The business man, the diplomat and reported, more than 1,000 above enous to the soil and soul of the the traveler may have hostile views of the number reported for the nation." The representative of missions, but the Christian outlook same period last year. Japan's bureau of religions alone can be true to the real situation. pointed out that everything that The Christian churches in China are -Watchman-Examiner. has been taken into Japan's culan effective evangelizing agency, and ture in the past has been incorin spite of difficulties they are making An Adventure for Chris,t porated into the genius and life marked success. At the Christian of the empire; and that Chris- University of Shanghai there are Marcia D. Uong, a graduate tianity, if it is going to make its forty buildings, 2,500 students, and of Hwa Nan College and at pres- largest contribution, must also 1,500 in the extension courses. There ent a member of the faculty of develop within the national are 1,000 alumni of the University the Women's Biblical Institute spirit. Forty-four communions scattered throughout China. All the at Foochow in charge of the field and national Christian organizaleading Baptist ministers are grad- evangelistic work, returned from tions cooperating in the Council uates, as well as the leaders in all a twelve-day series of meetings were represented. Christian movements and many public on Haitang Island bruised and officials. injured, but smilingly recounted an adventure which paralleled The University is an important that of Paul when he was stoned evangelizing agency and there is need by the people of Lystra. The

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

New Kyo Kwan ill-treatment of children. Ten missionaries are needed and de- prefectures had rules for the sired by the Korean Church. On December 15, 1933, the proper treatment of children There is change of status and new building of the Christian which were enacted to prevent function, there is transfer of re- Literature Society and the cruelty on the part of foster par- sponsibility and control, but American Bible Society on the ents. In the rest of the prov- there is no loss of influence and Ginza was opened in Tokyo in inces it was left to the police to opportunity. the presence of 300 Japanese admonish guardians or parents, and foreign residents. Mr. and to inform the Prevention Says Bishop Welch: "My re- Hampei Nagao, Chairman of the Society when children had to be port on Korea is one of progress. Board of Directors, presided taken away from home. The progress in material things over the service which was ad- impresses one as soon as he dressed by Mr. Joseph Clarke Boys' Work in Korea enters the country…… This Grew, the American Ambas- widespread material change, if sador, and by Mr. Ryutaro Dr. E. T. Cho, prominent not equaled, is at least accom- Nagai, the Japanese Overseas Korean educator with a staff of panied by a striking advance in Minister. five workers, has undertaken a the Christian forces at work." piece of neglected philanthropy The new building stands on in the establishment of a Boys' -World Outlook. the same site occupied for 35 Work Association, a volunteer years by Christian publishing organization interested in the ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC organizations. practical and spiritual regenera- tion of Korean youth through Gospel Ship in Philippines Enthusiasm and vigor in spir- the extension of educational and itually uplifting the people to- Christian facilities. According Capt. Ellis Skolfield, comward a higher plane of life were to Dr. Cho, a vast army of Ko- mander of the Gospel Ship in the urged by Mr. Nagai whose rean boys and young men of Philippines, writes of increasing speech stressed that spiritual school age are at the mercy of interest among the p e 0 pie food is a fundamental necessity seemingly insurmountable bar- reached by this work. Bibles to the life of a people. riers in their search for educa- are sold and the proceeds used tion and their choice of a life to distribute the Scriptures The closing address was de- vocation. It will be the purpose among those too poor to buy. livered by Dr. Daikichiro Tag- of this Association to make these Capt. Skolfield writes of a man awa, President of Meiji Gakuin. barriers less hazardous through who came to him and said: "Do Christian teaching. The plan you have any of the words of Je- Protection of Children calls for night schools, special sus on this ship ?" We informed lectures, training in the arts and him that we had. He replied, "All Social legislation in Japan crafts, religious direction, physi- my life I have been wanting to made a forward stride on Oc- cal and athletic activities and hear some of the words of Jesus. tober 1, when an act for the pro- pursuit of world fellowship I have no money to buy them, tection of children from ill-treat- through correspondence and ex- but I have a good pig that I will ment and employment in certain change between nations. give you if you will let me have occupations harmful to their some of Jesus' words." To test moral or physical development A Bishop Looks at Korea the man we said, "Is this all that came into force. Some difficulty you have to exchange for the was anticipated in the enforce- Last June, Bishop Herbert words of Jesus?" He replied, "I ment, as interference with pa- Welch, of the Methodist Church, have a small house, a few cocoarental rights is contrary to J ap- made his first visit to Korea nut trees and some rice that I anese tradition. The need for since the reorganization of Meth- shall harvest next month. This legal protection had, however, odism in that country. On a is all that I have in the world." already been felt for some time, Conference Sunday in Pyeng- Then we told the man that the for, on account of the rapid in- yang he saw in operation some Lord Jesus wanted his heart and dustrialization of the country outstanding characteristics of not his pig or his land; and we and the consequent change in the the reorganized Church,-a gen- gave him the words of Jesus. social structure, the number of eral superintendent of limited destitute and ill-treated children term and powers; one order and Medical work is heavy. Nearly had increased. Furthermore, only one in the ministry; equal 800 people were given treatment since the coming into force of rights of women in all church in one month, more than half bethe Reformatory Act in 1900 and relations; and the more com- ing malaria cases. -Letter. the Juvenile Court Law in 1923 plete recognition of laymen in closer attention had been paid to matters of legislation and ad- News from ,the Philippines the causes underlying juvenile ministration. He found both delinquency which were often spirit and activity full of prom- Japan's Christian Graphic has found to be ill-treatment in ise. been used since July as a picchildhood, neglect, illegitimacy, torial supplement to five Philippoverty, bad neighborhoods, etc. As much as ever he found that pine religious newspapers. From 4,500 to 10,200 copies have been So far there had been no uni- circulated each month. formity in dealing with cases of

Within the last month two that binds the average church were held on the Pacific Coast church buildings have been dedi- within such narrow limits," and during November, under the cated in Manila, one by the there is needed "a thorough co- auspices of the Federal Council's United Evangelical Church, the ordination of all the agencies." Department of Evangelism. The other by a group of the Disciples Certain things can be done by testimony of many leaders in of Christ. The first cost ap- the denominations together to Seattle, Portland, Sacramento, proximately $12,500, the second demonstrate the i r essential Oakland, Fresno, Los· Angeles about $4,500. Both are attrac- unity, with efficiency, economy and San Diego was that a great tive edifices and contribute and good will in the promotion stimulus was given to the evan- greatly to the Protestant cause. of the total task. gelistic spirit of the churches.

Similar buildings erected any- Home Mission Advance In each of these cities there was where in the United States would a large attendance of pastors.

doubtless cost three or four As a result of the work of the Beginning January 3, a simtimes the amount invested in Five-Year Program Committee ilar series of conferences was these churches. The Union and the Committee on Review held in Eastern and Southern Church of Manila with 316 mem- and Forecast, the Home Missions cities, reaching from New York bers has raised a budget of more Councils have projected a pro- to Miami. than $16,000, half of which is gram of advance. The objective for the operation of a hall for is to make use of their resurvey Two Denominations to Unite children of mixed American- Filipino parentage. of the American home mission The organic union of two fields, to readj ust their lines of -Christian Century. work, to effect closer coopera- large denominations, the Re- formed Church in the United Putting Faith to Work tion between the denominations S tat e s and the Evangelical and to acquaint the churches A boy who had been trained in with the present needs and op- Synod of North America, will be an English mission in Borneo portunities so as to enlist their effected next June. Both these and had returned to his distant fuller cooperation. denominations are outgrowths country home, later reappeared of the Protestant Reformation at the mission with five friends A Joint Committee on Planwhom he had prepared for bap- ning and Strategy has been con- of the sixteenth century in tism and who had come with stituted, made up of representa- Europe. The Reformed Church him the three-days' walk to the tives of the Home Missions mission. The boy said simply, in the United States has 350,- "I am trying to do something for Council, the Council of Women 000 members in more than 1,700 God who has done so much for for Home Missions, the Federal churches, largely in Pennsylme." Council of Churches, the Inter- vania and Ohio, but it has con- national Council of Religious gregations throughout the West NORTH AMERICA Education, the Com m u nit y as far as the Pacific Coast. The The Home Mission Task Church Workers and the Mis- Evangelical Synod of North sionary Education Movement. America, with 325,000 members The average annual expendi- This Joint Committee is to meet in nearly 1,300 congregations, ture for Home Missions the past June 4 to 10 for a week's study five years was $24,893,888 by 22 and planning. It is proposed to has its largest membership in Protestant denominations, as re- Illinois and Indiana and in the vealed by a survey completed by hold a series of regional threethe Home Missions Council. day conferences in various parts Southwest. The new denomina- The total number of enterprises tion, to be known as The Evanrecorded is 29,653, including of the country, followed by three gelical and Reformed Church, one-day conferences at strategic will be represented in almost points. These local conferences will be provided for by local or- every state. -Christian Intelligencer.

missions, Sunday s c h 0 0 I H, ganizations but teams of effec- Ten Years' Advance churches, schools, community tive speakers will tour the centers and hospitals. The country. The Missionary Education Delargest denominational annual There is need for a careful re- partment of the Presbyterian expenditure, $5,078,669, is that alignment of the whole home Board of Christian Education reof the Presbyterian Church in mission program so that the un- ports a steady increase in the the U. S. A., which conducts finished task may be completed, number of classes held and the 6,847 enterprises. The Meth- the Church may be awakened to number of persons enrolled durodist Episcopal Church has 4,428 a keener sense of responsibility ing the past ten years. The reworkers-the largest number of and that Christians may coop-. port for 1932-33, while incomany denomination. The five- erate more effectively under the plete, shows a slight decrease in year survey reports that the guidance and power of the Holy classes and attendance over the "Protestant Church needs a new Spirit. previous year in all but one invision of its entire national task as affected by the changes of re- To Stimulate Evangelism stance; Schools of Missions were more numerous than in the year cent years." It needs "to break Seven interdenominational con- before. The total number of through the shell of parochialism ferences for spiritual advance classes in Missionary Education

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reported for all age groups are: Episcopalian, Baptist, Presby- iah 53: 5; Daniel 9: 26; Isaiah National Missions, 5,720; For- terian and Methodist-have been 53: 8; Zachariah 12: 10; Zacheign Missions, 7,413; J 0 i n t carrying on work among the In- ariah 13: 6; (7) Urge him to Board, 2,070; total, 15,203. Five dians of the reservation. After carefully study Isaiah 53; (8) hundred and ninety Schools of years of negotiation they have Explain that the rejection of Je- Missions were held. The aver- agreed upon the parish plan, sus by the Jews does not disage attendance reported for all with the purpose that the "min- prove His Messiahship, but is classes was 316,190. istry shall include worship, so- predicted; (9) Tell the Jew he cial service and religious activ- is a sinner and needs the atone- -Presbyterian Advance. ity as primary activities." The ment for sin; (10) Answer his parish is in charge of an Indian questions about Jewish laws and Students and the Gospel pastor, the Rev. W. David Owl, ceremonies by using Jeremiah and Miss Helen Royce as direc- 31-33; (11) Ask the Jew to read Over 100,000 young students tor of religious education. the New Testament; (12) Comin America have recently signed mit the result to God. up as members of a Pocket After Many Years Testament or School Bag Gospel -The Presbyterian. League, agreeing to carry and Rev. and Mrs. J. B. Lehman read the Bible habitually. It is have recently retired from active New Church for Ute Indians a part of the movement, pro- service. Forty-two years ago moted by George T. B. Davis, to they started a small school Last November a large comlead people back to the Bible as among the Negroes at Edwards, pany of Utes and Navajos gaththe source of wisdom, strength Miss. Prejudice was very strong. ered in the assembly rooms ()f and inspiration. In this way If they went to a white church, the Towaoc Indian School for many have been led to accept no one would sit in the same pew the purpose of meeting a com- Christ as their personal Saviour, with them. If they went into mission from the Presbytery .)f more than 1,000 ministers are the store to trade, even the Ne- Pueblo in response to a petition cooperating in the distribution groes were waited on first. Their by a large number of Utes for and follow-up work. In some little school has become a large the organization of a Presbyplaces revivals have resulted, plantation, supporting a commu- terian church. After a full disand Jews, Japanese and others nity grade school, a high school, cussion of the matter on the have been led to Christ. a junior college and a training part of the Indians and the course for Negro ministers. It visitors, and after a confession For further information ad'dress The Mil- has become a center for colored of faith in Jesus Christ made by lion Testament Campaign, 1505 Race St., people. Many of its graduates those who were willing to unite Philadelphia, Pa. have become teachers and min- with the church, and the baptism isters, lawyers and doctors. A of those who had not already Washington Has Mormon I a r g e number have become been baptized, the Towaoc In- Temple farmers, mechanics and commu- dian Presbyterian Church was nity leaders in the practical arts formally organized with eighty Who would ever have expected by which their race must earn charter members. Fourteen to see a Mormon church building a living. During these 42' years, were baptized. The eighty in the nation's capital? Yet one not one of their long list of charter members do not include has been erected there on a graduates has been arrested. To- all those who would like to unite prominent corner, and was dedi·- day the whites outdo the blacks with the church. A large incated on November 5. It ap- in doing them honor. They are gathering is expected during this pears that Reed Smoot was not honored in church and commu- year. The Utes are too poor to only a United States Senator, nity enterprises. provide funds for a church but a persistent propagandist building, for which there is great for his faith. By the use of all How to Point Christ to a Jew need as a center for further efkinds of influence he secured po- fort among them. sitions of one sort or another for Miss Ruth Angel, of the New Mormons in Washington. Quiet- York City Gospel Mission to the Japanese Students' Christian ly and persistently he kept on Jews, has prepared the follow- Associa.tion until several hundred members ing outline to suggest a method of that faith came to the city, of approach to the Jews: (1) The Japanese Students' Chrismany of them in government Let the Jew know that you have tian Association of North Amerservice. He is one of the highest a genuine love for his race; (2) ica was launched at Indianapolis, Mormon officials and was pres- Tell the Jew why you love his Indiana, December 26, 1923, and ent at the dedication. race; (3) Use a direct-method has therefore completed ten witness for Christ; (4) Use the years of activity. The need for -Presbyterian Advance. Scriptures; (5) Point out very a national organization among carefully Old Testament Mes- Japanese students in America Demonstration for the Indians sianic prophecies, viz., Micah 5: was keenly felt for many years 2; Isaiah 7: 14; Psalm 2: 7 ; previous to its organization, and The Cattaraugus Reservation Psalm 2: 12; Isaiah 9: 6; Isa- one or more attempts had failed. Parish, Iroquois, Central New York, is something new under the sun. Four denominations-

The J. S. C. A. stands for char- of the one Christian in every with this, the circuit about Engacter building among Japanese thousand of population in China; land of the first regularly ap- students in America who, away of the restraint Christians have pointed mission from the Chrisfrom their homes and burdened shown during the Sino-Japanese tian churches of India.

with academic responsibilities, trouble, and of the way the Na- 3. The rounding out of a are liable to forget that char- tional Christian Councils of quarter century by the Federal acter, not wisdom, makes the Japan and China have kept in Council of Churches in America man; it has advocated the life of touch with each other; of rural "brought American Protestantservice, individually and col- reconstruction in India, with ism as a whole to a new day of lectively, nationally and interna- which the Christian Church is reckoning." tionally; it has labored to bring closely identified; of the joint "The past year," the magazine America and Japan closer to- conference of Europeans and continues, "has seen an increase gether by cultivating sympathy. colored people in South Africa; of the tendency in local com- Especially useful have been its of road building in Madagascar munities to organize their reliservices rendered in meeting and hitherto inaccessible re- gious institutions to meet their manifold personal problems of gions. Other notable advances own needs, in complete indiffer- Japanese students all over the have included the Union of the ence to the appeals for funds to country, and even in Japan. Methodist Churches in Great keep great denominational over- Britain; the publication of the head machines functioning." American Laymen's Report; the 4. The repeal of the Eight- MISCELLANEOUS visit to Great Britain of the In- eenth Amendment.

One Hundred Years' Growth dian Mission of Fellowship; the Under the caption "One Hun- Centenary of the Abolition of Cause and Cure of War dred Years Ago," the New York Slavery and the coming into Evening Post reprints in each force of the League of Nations The second largest attendance Convention for limiting the in the history of the Conference issue an item from its files of a on the Cause and Cure of War century previous. Recently the manufacture, and regulating the was recorded at its ninth assemfollowing item appeared: "In distribution of Narcotic Drugs. bling in Washington, D. C., Jan- the American Quarterly Register Baptist World Strength uary 16 to 19. The total regisfor November, 1834, we find a tration was 566, of which 558 long and elaborate summary of Baptist world strength at the w ere delegates representing foreign missionary operations close of 1933 is reported as fol- eleven interested national orall over the world. From this lows: ganizations. view we gather that the total Members Sunday Interest naturally centered in of number of missionaries is not Europe Churches School the brief informal talk which the far 'from 560. Of these con- Asia ………. Pupils President made to the delegates siderably more than half are 666,683 when they were guests at a tea supported by different English Africa …….. 397,667 626,239 in the White House Wednesday America: 94,516 179,366 societies, exclusive of about a afternoon. The President ex- 34,946 dozen supported by the Scotch." North 9,704,421 5,808,352 pressed his belief that the Con- Central and Even in the face of diminish- West Indies 69,346 54,776 .ference on the Cause and Cure ing personnel, many Boards now 49,979 40,213 of War is doing an outstanding have more than that number at South piece of education in the United work. In 1925, which was prob- Australia and 39,741 ably the peak year of giving for 52,642 States. He urged that the women New Zealand. missions, the total number of Protestant missionaries exceeded do not stop with this country 29,000. -Congregationalist. Total ….. 11,022,353 6,796,534 however, but aid similiar move- No statistics were received ments in other countries where such movements have not pro- from Russia. gressed as far as here. During the entire session the Whole World Surveyed Four Major Religious Events remarkable personality and lead- ership of Mrs. Carrie Chapman The International Review of The Christian Century lists Catt, the founder of the Confer- Missions for January presents a f 0 u r outstanding religious ence on the Cause and Cure of survey of present world condi- events of 1933, three of which War, and all through its nine tions, taking each country sep- took place in America and one years its chairman and Honorarately. Political and economic in Germany. Here is this paper's ary Chairman, were evident. conditions are used as a back- rating: ground for the work of the 1. The defeat of the Nazi at- Next year's plans call for more Church, and it is shown that tempt to reduce German Prot- round tables to set at least 10,- missionary activities are exert- estant churches to a branch of 000 more people to thinking on ing an increasing influence to- the Government. the peace aims of the Conferward betterment of world con- 2. Publication of the much de- ence; to strengthen all peace orditions. For example, the sur- bated laymen's mission report in ganizations; to keep peace (and vey tells of the growing influence the United States, and linked war) facts before the public. Our Missionary Bookshelf Recent Books Reviewed for the Readers' Information I ~,,-===================~,~ 'Christian Mass Movements in India. are frankly faced. Probably backing of his group-which is A Study with Recommendations. the greatest objection to the usually a caste group. It is all By J. Waskom Pickett. 8 vo. 382 movement is expressed in the but impossible for the individual pages. Abingdon Press. New York. term "rice Christians." Are the to break from his group. When motives worthy? Do these peo- the group joins the church all the 1933. ple profess conversion in order old integrities and unities are to escape caste limitations, to preserved for individual sup- It is competently estimated avoid degrading work, to obtain port and he is protected against that eighty per cent of the pres- aid when oppressed, and so on? social dislocation. Thus the ent members of the Protestant The study, while recognizing the mass movement is "the most Church in India are the result of extreme difficulty of assessing natural way of approach to group decisions to embrace motives, gives little ground for Christ," and in the opinion of Christianity. It is believed that the assertion that secular mo- these students of the Christian during the ten-year period 1921- tives have been the chief reasons enterprise is the only way likely 31, an annual average of 125,- for embracing Christianity. It to succeed in most cases and 000 additions (ninety per cent of does, however, recognize such most areas. They believe too all additions) to India's Chris- dangers as neglect of personal that thus the danger of Westerntian population of all faiths, religion whenever church en- ization is reduced; greater aid came from group or "mass" trance is chiefly by groups; the given to the conversion of others movements. maintenance within the church than would be the case under of the old caste barriers, due to different methods; and even These mass movements are not the fact that each entering that the group conversion of new in India. But they have de- group is practically always from lower classes directly aids in veloped so rapidly during recent a certain caste; and a tendency work among the higher classes. years and are found so largely for the group to become satisfied among the depressed classes, or with church membership and The authors are optimistic re- "outcastes," that many people slow to respond to Christian nurhave questioned their value as a ture and the appeal for Chris- garding the strengthening of the factor in "Christianizing" India. tian service. Some five or six years ago the Indian church through· mass National Christian Council of The churches, and the mission India resolved to promote a care- forces as well, are charged with movements, but indicate clearly ful study of the mass movement, certain weaknesses on their and cogently certain requirewith a view to a clearer under- part: Underestimating their re- ments for greater achievements, standing of the requirements for sponsibilities for care and nur- such as ministering to temporal better quality of work done by ture of the converts, often pre- needs, while giving primacy to both churches and missions. The ferring to try to win new con- the spiritual aim; better leader- Institute of Social and Religious verts; too much use of Western ship; a more adequate program; Research furnished both finan- rather than indigenous methods far better supervision; a much cial aid and technical oversight. of church organization and larger measure of cooperation The director of the study, Dr. J. work; low standards of expec- among missions and churches; W. Pickett, is a seasoned mis- tation and demand for spiritual continued study of the many sionary, and was assisted sub- progress; and inefficient admin- problems that exist and that stantially by Bishop Azariah, istration. will continue to arise. There is one of the great Indian Christian abundant evidence in the book leaders, and by Dr. Warren H. But the study brings out that a policy of decided concen- Wilson, of long experience in clearly the inevitability of the tration of work is highly imporrural church studies in the mass movement if Christianity tant, although more emphasis United States. The results of is to make substantial headway might have been laid upon the this careful and objective study in India. The individual, espe- development both of local parare embodied in a book that can cially in the villages, is gov- ishes, and of Christian work be heartily commended for meth- erned, and gladly prefers to be areas or clusters of parishes, as od, style, and significance. governed, by the opinion and effective procedure for securing adequate concentration. The dangers involved in a mass movement into the church KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD.

Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 157] John R. Mott-World Citizen. By nized as a Christian statesman work in leading others to Christ. Basil Mathews. Illustrated. 8 vo. 469 pages. $3.00. Harper and and his influence is felt in busi- He gives his guiding principles Brothers. New York. 1934. ness, in Church and in State. He at this early age for building up Energetic and ambitious youth was offered an ambassadorship a strong spiritual life. They inof today are eager for leader- to China; he has had close ac- clude – eight hours sleep, daily ship, recognition, responsibility, quaintance with many of the exercise and bathing, orderlipower. They are impatient with rulers of Europe and the Amer- ness, vigorous university work, the "older statesmen," with their icas ; he has been called into good reading, business habits in consultation with business mag- correspondence and in keeping conservative views, and think nates and Church leaders and accounts; regular observance of that there is need for a change has headed up multitudes of the morning watch for Bible to correct the errors of the past. world-wide enterprises that have study, meditation and prayer; The record of the life and work changed the course of history. intelligent and systematic givof John R. Mott is especially val- To discover the influences that ing; soul winning. As to the uable as showing one path to molded his career, the path last experience he wrote to his which he took to leadership- mother: "The Christian work recognized leadership. It is not this alone makes a careful read- in the jail at Ithaca has brought an easy path to be taken by self- ing of his life story worth while. me nearer to God than anything confident and self-assertive else in this world. I shall always youth, who ignore the past and John Mott was born in the look back to it with feelings of think that any change will be home of a pioneer Christian joy, for it was there that I led better than the present order. farmer in Iowa, on May 25, 1865. my first soul to the Master." His mother was a woman of The Church and the State, at strong character, energy and All through this life record we least in America and England, ability, dominated by a spirit of find references to such men as have always been looking for loving service. John went away D. L. Moody from whom Mott young men who will become from home at sixteen, attending received spiritual help but quoleaders, not by virtue of their Fayette College where he came tations show clearly that his own desire for self-expression into contact with Christian strength and success were built and self-determination, but by virtue of their ability, consecra- teachers and learned to study, to on direct contacts with God by tion, vision and readiness to sac- think, and to debate. Later at the cultivation of his spiritual rifice self-interest for the sake of Cornell University, from which life, by personal work with service to others. he was graduated in 1888, he others and by a faithful use of John Mott was a young man came face to face with the prob- all his time and talents.

of only twenty-three when he lem of his life work. His board As a man John Mott has be- was called into leadership in and room cost him only $4.75 a come skilled in organization; as Christian work. Robert Speer week for he was obliged to econ- a leader of men and a master of was twenty-four when he be- omize in every way. Here he assemblies; he is a wizard in came secretary of the Presby- heard an address by the Cam- securing large gifts, not for him- terian Board of Foreign Mis- bridge cricketer, J. E. K. Studd, self but for Christian work in sions – with grey..;bearded col- of England, and this had a de- many lands. His speaking is leagues. Robert Wilder was ciding influence on his life. vigorous, intelligent and clear about the same age when he be- Three sentences from the Bible cut. Many Christians do not came one of the founders of the went straight tq the motive agree with him in some of his Student Volunteer Movement springs of his life: "Seekest thou projects and his methods, in his which has called 13,000 young great things for thyself? Seek emphases and in the wide extent people to foreign mission fields. them not. Seek first the King- of his cooperative efforts, but all The same road to influence, dom of God." Friends helped who read this biography will be power, and true leadership is Mott to surrender fully to Christ convinced of his Christian faith open to the youth of today. The as Lord – but it was not easy. and character and his devotion vision does not come through the At Cornell he learned parliamen- to the service of Christ. door of the modern drama and tary rules in the guidance of asmotion picture; the training is semblies; he gained experience Mr. Mathews has had access not found in trashy sex-novels, in organization in the Y. M. to Dr. Mott's letters and to a false philosophy and material- C. A.; he became a Student Vol- mass of notes and other files. unteer at Mount Hermon in After describing with interestism; the comrades are not those of the midnight dance and wine 1886, and raised his first large ing detail the development of the boy and young man, he pictures cup; the path is not the broad sum of money for a new Y. M. the extending horizons, his many and easy one of greed for gold C. A. building at Ithaca. world travels, his leadership of and self-indulgence. But more than all else the youth, his evangelistic work The road to constructive lead- foundations of Mott's spiritual among students, world-wide mis- ership followed by John R. Mott life were made strong and true sionary enterprises, in coopera- is open to all who will pay the through habitual daily prayer tive movements, war work, his price. He has become recog- and Bible study and by personal methods in the training of lead-

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ers, and in the securing of large The Health and Turnovex: of Mission- ed and the unclassifiability of financial gifts. aries. By William G. Lennox. 216 pp. 75 cents. Foreign Missions Christ and Buddha is, in our Mr. Mathews has done a conscientious piece of work but Conference. New York. 1933. view, not adequately appraised. since this book was written in Dr. Motts' lifetime it w 0 u I d This unique study brings to- But the book is a fresh and inhave been much more satisfying as an autobiography. Since the gether a large body of health teresting setting forth of some author has only known the subject personally during very re- data with a view to guiding the of the great religious issues of cent years, he naturally does not try to express a judicial estimate health policies of board medical the present day contacts and, of the man's character and work; mistakes and failures are officers, examiners, administra- whether we like it or not, the innot recorded; there are some strange omissions in references tors, and medical missionaries. evitable conflict of Christianity to personal friends and helpers, to whom Mott would acknowl- The advisory committee, and the religious conception of edge his great debt. There is no mention whatever of the Inter- which initiated this study, con- Asia as it was and as it is be- Church World Movement and some of the many other enter- sisting of the medical officers of coming. R. E. S. prises in which he has had a part. There is no record here of four of the larger boards, was American S·eIf-Contained. By Samuel many interesting experiences Crowther. 340 pages. Doubleday and contacts. The lessons he fortunate in securing the serv- Doran, Garden City, New York. has learned in dealing with men 1933. and movements are not recorded, ices of Dr. Lennox, who has such and there is no summoning up Mr. Crowther's gospel is one of his convictions and his esti- unusual qualifications for this mate of what has made life most of economic, political, and social worth while. But the volume is purpose. He has had wide ex- nationalism. He is convinced a careful chronicle of rewarding that America is now able to take achievements, written by one perience with similar studies in who is deeply impressed by their care of all of her major needs number and importance and by China and Japan and is keenly and should undertake to do so. the bigness of the man. International trade, in the old interested in the problem. His The biography rewards a care- sense, he says, is gone -forever. ful study, particularly for the in- former and smaller publications He does not consider it even desight it gives into the foundations on which Mott built, the in this general field are also sirable, unless there be some virideals he kept before him and tue in giving manufactured the principles and methods that classics. guided him. We see that every- The objective in mind has goods a trip at sea. Autos can thing is planned to the minutest detail; nothing is left to chance; been successfully carried out and be made in China or Africa as for John Mott is notably a man well as in the United States. of large ideas and high ideals of a mass of useful information, exservice, a master of organiza- Before the World War, Amertion, a courageous but diplo- tending far back into the previ- ica was not in this supposedly matic leader and one whose purpose has consistently been to ous century, and from numerous enviable position. She still seek first the Kingdom of God. lacked the foundation for certain As the author says: agencies, and practically all mis- basically important industrial This book is not primarily an at- sion fields, has been assembled processes, but now all that is tempt to tell the life story or to paint changed. America can raise or the portrait of a man; but rather to and interpreted. The result is 11. look at the greatest and most splendid manufacture what she needs, of all world tasks through his eyes. book of great interest that will and she must be the chief con- In the perspective of his life devotion to that work, we ask whether earth serve as authoritative reference sumer of her own products. Mr. provides a nobler ambition for youth Crowther would, however, carry today than that of carrying a stage and valuable source material for his theory still further and defurther the campaigns of this spiritual world war, on whose issues all years to come. It should be in velop a political and social na- tionalism. He sees,· as the total our destinies depend. the possession of every mission result of nearly two decades of board in North America, and insistent meddling in the affairs of other nations, a United States should have as wide distribution with no friends among the na- as possible among all those who tions and some very bitter ene- mies. "Weare back from the have special responsibility for crusades," he says, "richer, per- the health program of mission- haps, in the experience, poorer certainly by upward of 20 bil- aries. E. M. DODD. lions." "Fortunately, we need no The Buddha and the Christ. Burnett friends; fortunately, we need Hillman Streeter. Pp. 336. $2.00. Macmillan, New York. fear no enemies." The book falls partly into the realm of inter- The background of immediate pretation and partly into that of contact in these lectures was a prophecy, but always the author stay of five months in India and Ceylon in 1913, a brief visit to is an advocate of a cause. He Japan and China in 1929 and the believes that our "salvation" lies autumn of 1931 in Japan, when along the path of nationalism, Canon Streeter was lecturing in and he is very eager to have us various Japanese universities. There is very little reference to walk in that path. the vast literature on Buddhism, save for a short bibliography at the end of the chapter on Evolv- ing Buddhism which makes no mention of Lloyd, Reischauer, Richard, Eitel or Monier Wil- liams. The issue between south- ern and northern Buddhism is perhaps not adequately estimat-

We cannot look with enthusi- Victorious Lives of Early Christians immortality, not so much in what man is or desires, not in asm upon this advocacy of a phi- lin Korea. By M. W. Noble. Illus. scientific or philosophical argu- 12 mo. 174 pp. Yen 2. Christian ments, but in God – His charlosophy which, only a few years Literature Society of Korea. Seoul. acter, sovereignty, and loving- 1933. purpose. He says: "Eternity ago, we thought we were out- ultimately resides in God alone, and accordingly it is much more growing. We have heard much This collection of autobiog- by thinking of God than by thinking of ourselves that the about the world becoming a raphies of some of the early assurance of our immortality is, likely to be born within us." neighborhood, and about the in- Protestant Christians of Korea The book covers a wide range, terlocking of national interests. was originally published in the including the various concep- tions of the future life that have Mr. Crowther's book, to some Korean language. Mrs. Noble, been held from the earliest times, in different lands and extent, represents the right- the compiler and translator, has among all classes of people from primitive to intellectual types. about-face, in public thinking, worked for more than forty Dr. Baillie holds that the Chris- tian belief in eternal life, which which has taken place, quite sud- years in Korea, and the early is described at length, is not a development from the animistic denly and very recently. It is Christians, whose life stories are belief in the continued existence of one's ghost after death, but is difficult to imagine the nations told here, were personally known "a clean break," a new begin- ning, although not without more of the world moving back into to her and became well known or less faint preparations and adumbrations. their separate compartments, leaders in the Methodist Episco- In so wide a field and in a subsufficient unto themselves. It pal Church. Being autobiogra- j ect regarding which there are many differences of opinion, will be even more difficult to de- phies they give most interesting- readers will challenge an occa- sional statement or position; but velop and· maintain a religious ly the Korean point of view and no one can question the ability and scholarship of the volume, and missionary international- background and are valuable tes- the clarity of the argument, the literary charm of the style, and ism, if the nationalistic philos- timonies to the saving and trans- the loyalty to evangelical truth that is everywhere evident. ophy dominates in other spheres forming power of the Gospel. ARTHUR J. BROWN. of life. JAY S. STOWELL. Bishop Welch in his introduction The Inadequacy of Evolution as a Robert E. Lee, the Christian. By says, "These vivid life sketches World View. By Chester K. Leh- William J. Johnstone. 8 vo. 301 pp. man. 8 vo. 255 pp. $1.25. Men- $2. Abingdon. New YQrk. 1933. should touch the heart and stir nonite Publishing House, Scotts- dale, Pa. 1933. Every available source of in- the zeal of Christians every- Professor Lehman is declared formatioh regarding Lee, includ- where." Dr. Ryang, Superin- by Dr. Leander S. Keyser to be a scholar whose standing is "in ing sixty books, magazines and tendent of the Korean Methodist the front rank." After studying evolution by the laboratory papers, have been drawn upon to Church adds, in view of present method he is convinced that the known facts are against the set forth the Christian faith and day criticism of Gospel preach- popular theory of evolution and character of one of the noblest in favor of the Bible record. His, men ever produced either by his ing by missionaries, "The ap- work is careful and scholarly, own State of Virginia or by the not hortatory or vituperative. It American nation. There is no pearance of this little book may is worthy of serious attention attempt at a biography or at a for it recognizes the value of study of Lee's life or character. be a timely production to illus- scientific research and at the There is simply the trustworthy same time acknowledges the autestimony of those who knew Lee trate what the Gospel of Jesus thority and truth of the Word in the different stages of his ca- of God. reer as to his Christian convic- Christ means to the people of the tion and his noble and beautiful manner of life as a true, humble, East." WALTER C. ERDMAN. loyal and faithful follower of His Master. "Who is that white And the Life Everlasting. By John haired gentleman who is going Baillie. 350 pp. $2.50 Scribners. about so constantly and per- New York. 1933. suasively inviting people to the service this morning?" asked a It is an interesting fact that, guest at the White Sulphur in this alleged materialistic age, Springs Hotel in Virginia one men are not only writing books summer Sunday morning when on immortality but publishers Dr. Broadus was to preach. are finding a public demand for "Oh," was the reply, "that is them. The present volume, by General Lee." "Won't you come the professor of theology in into the service," he would say, Union Theological Seminary, "Dr. Broadus is going to speak New York, contains the lectures to us." Few could resist the in- on the Ayer Foundation given in vitation from such gentle and be- the Colgate-Rochester Divinity loved lips. And this was what School. He expresses "the conhe was doing all his life-com- viction that a large part of the mending Christ to men. current discussion of the prob- lem of eternal life proceeds on ROBERT E. SPEER. entirely iwrong lines," and he has "tried to be of service in the none too easy task of cutting through the tangle of conflicting opinions, ancient and modern, with which every phase of the subject is surrounded." He has succeeded in doing this, and finds the real ground of faith in

If you use Facts and Mysteries of the Christian game rooms, bank, tailor shop

Faith. Albertus Pieters. 213 pp. office and meeting hall. There are PRINTING $1.25. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids. similar institutes in other seaports but the New York Institute has made Y OU will profit from an ac- God at Work. Wm. Adams Brown. its influence felt around the world. quaintanceship with us. We $2.50. 300 pp. Scribners. New do the job complete in our own York. *** plant, whether it be large or small. God and the World. J. T. Mawson. Rev. William Shedd Nelson, D.D., 18. Pickering & Inglis. London. for forty-five years a missionary of While our specialty is Books, the Presbyterian Church in Syria, Maga.tines and Pamphlets, yet The Hand on the Bridle. K. M. Mac- died on January 24, and was buried we have a variety of modem Leod. 256 pp. 28. Pickering & at Tripoli. Dr. Nelson was born in equipment to meet all the re- Inglis. London. St. Louis, Missouri, January 25, 1860. quirements of your particular His father, the Reverend Henry A. job. You will find our service The Home of the Aylmers. Marjorie Nelson, was for many years editor of prompt, careful and courteous. Douglas. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Picker- the Church magazine, The Church at ing & Inglis. London. Home and Abroad. William Nelson Will you allow us to estimate was graduated from Amherst College on your next printing? We be- Japanese Women Speak. Mishi Ka- in 1881 and from Lane Theological lieve you will be delighted with wai. 200 pp. 50 cents, paper; $1., Seminary in 1888. In the same year our product, price and service. cloth. Central Committee on the he sailed under appointment as a mis- United Study of Foreign Missions. sionary to Syria. His dominant in- The EVANGELICAL PRESS Cambridge, Mass. terest was Evangelism and his in- fluence reached throughout the whole Printe… of Mixed Pasture. Evelyn Underhill. Syria field. In 1904 a Boys' Boarding The Missionary Review of the WOTId 233 pp. $2. Longman's Green. School was established in Tripoli and New York. Dr. Nelson was assigned to its man- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE agement. In 1914, Dr. Nelson was third end Reily Slreets Harrisburg, Po. Pioneers of· the Kingdom. Part II. requested by the American Govern- Phyilis L. Garlick. 150 pp. 28. 6d. ment to take care of its consular work. New Books Highway Press. London. During the war this involved the care of a dozen other consular of- The Abyssinian at Home. C. H. The Sound of Trumpets. Arthur J. fices. In 1917, the Turks took posses- Walker. 220 pp. $3. Macmillan. Moore. 78 pp. Methodist Epis- sion of the Mission premises in Homs New York. copal Church, South. Nashville. and ultimately arrested Dr. Nelson and removed him first to Adana and Karl Barth and Christian Unity. C. T. Studd, Cricketer and Pioneer. then to Constantinople where he was Adolf Keller. 316 pp. $2.75. Mac- Norman P. Grubb. 256 pp. 38. 6d. kept as a prisoner until October 18, millan. New York. Religious Tract Society. London. 1918, when he was at last released by order of the Grand Vizier, never Crucifying Christ in Our Colleges. They Went Forth. John McNab. 210 having been brought to trial. In Jan- Dan Gilbert. 260 pp. $1.75. Alex. pp. $1., paper; $1.50, cloth. Mc- uary, 1919, Dr. Nelson resumed his Dulfer Printing Co. San Fran- Clelland & Stewart. Toronto. missionary work, taking up work also cisco. under the American Red Cross, until Women: of the Old Testament and his next furlough. In all his relation- The Christian Message for the World Women of the New Testament. ships, both in Syria and at home, Dr. Today.-A Joint Statement of the Abraham Kuyper. 2 Volumes. $1., Nelson enjoyed the implicit trust of World-Wide Mission of the Church. cloth and 60 cents paper, each. all with whom he was associated. He Various Authors. 202 pp. $1.50. Zondervan Publishing House. Grand was characterized by sound judgment, Round Table Press. New York. Rapids. deep and unswerving conviction, ac- companied by kindly Christian toler- Career and Significance of Jesus. Chinese Destinies-Sketches of Pres- ance, by indefatigable and unwearied Walter Bell Denny. 466 pp. $1.60. ent Day China. Agnes Smedley. energy of his work; by steadfastness Nelson & Sons. New York. 315 pp. $3. Vanguard Press. New and sincerity; by all the qualities of York. a rich and noble Christian character. Day's Worship. Chas. B. Foelsch. 385 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran Christianity in a Changing India- *** Publishing House. Philadelphia. An Introduction to the Study of Missions. Clifford Manshardt. 248 The Dalai Lama of Tibet, supreme The Divine Programme in Human pp. Rs. 2 and Rs. 3. Y. M. C. A. temporal and religious ruler of the History. F. John Scroggie. 206 pp. Pub. House. Calcutta. Tibetans, died December 17, at the 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- age of 60. This event is of significant don. Ibn Sa'ud-The Puritan King of Ara- importance in both the political and bia. Kenneth Williams. 299 pp. religious world. Throughout Buddhist Deep Snow-An Indian Story. C. 88. 6d. Jonathan Cape. Asia, he was regarded as the reincar- Kuipers. 152 pp. $1.00, cloth; 60 nation of Buddha. cents, paper. Zandervan Publish- ·Modern Industry and the African. J. ing House. Grand Rapids. Merle Davis. Maps. 448 pp. Mac- Sunday School millan. Excavating Kiyath-Sephers' Ten Cit- Supplies ies. Melvin Grove Kyle. 203 pp. South American Memories of Thirty $2.50. Eerdmans. Grand Rapids. Years. E. F. Every. Illus. 210 pp. SounD. s/,,;ilul/l 78. 6d. S. P. C. K. London. ~iJns oI'l!Je Famous Friends of God. Mott R. IM~OO~reS~(161~1 -I/unr~olrlInknounmMiIIlll/IiHIl~s Sawyers. 190 pp. $1.50. Revell. Obituary Notes New York. Dr. Archibald R. Mansfield, for thirty-eight years superintendent of the Seaman's Church Institute for New York, died of a heart attack on February 11th at the age of sixty- four. Dr. Mansfield won world-wide renown through his work in behalf of seafaring men. The work is housed in a thirteen-story building which provided employment bureau, dormitories, restaurant, gymnasium, swimming pool, reading room, library,

Boys and

NEED Christian Leadership and Training A LARGE percentage of the varied leadership in our national life has always come from the country. The sturdy qualities of character which life in the open spaces on the farm and amid the rigorous duties of rural life seem to build in the characters of country-bred men and women, are not so frequently the product of the metropolitan atmosphere and environment. Countless leaders in the educational, business, and religious world today had their start in life in the country.

H OW important that country boys and girls have properly supervised Christian teaching and training! The future of the nation depends on the foundations of character that are today being laid in the lives of our youth. No other real foundation material for character building exists, save that which the Bible reveals. Boys and girls must know the Bible and its teachings if they are to have any true perspective of life and its responsibilities. Without Bible truth as a dominating factor in human convictions, there is nothing but chaos ahead for the world!

O UR missionaries are trained in Bible truth. They believe it is a revelation of God's plan and purpose in human life. They are convinced that every individual needs Jesus Christ as a personal Saviour. In other words, they believe in and preach His Gospel.

"IF They also live it. They are men of faith. WE had had a Sunday School here this would never have happened," was the cry that greeted one of our missionaries in Kentucky, when he visited the prisoners arrested after a mother had been slain by her son in the name of religion. Today we have a Sunday School in Tomahawk, Kentucky, where this tragedy occurred. The enrolment is over the one hundred mark and the interest is growing. Missionary work of a similar sort Ais being done in forty-four states of the union. The need is tremendous. RETIRED foreign missionary of one of the leading denominations who had served for thirty-five years in India, recently visited some of our fields in our Middle Atlantic District. During a later visit to our national office, he stated it as his opinion that no finer and more consecrated Christian work is being done in the land, than that which is being carried on under the direction of the American Sunday School Union. The opinions and criticisms of such an observer would have been highly valued, even though they had not been favorable.

We are greatly limited, not by lack of zeal or because God's power is depleted. We need financial assistance in maintaining our forces on the front lines of our work in every part of the land.

W ILL you help? With your check or money order, ask for a copy of our field maga- zine, "The Sunday School Missionary." It will be sent to you for one year following your subscription date. Your gift will be credited to the work in your state. Address- The Department of Missions THE AMERICAN SUNDAY SCHOOL UNION 1816 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

The Missionary Review of the World — November 1932

1932

A Brahniin Who Sought Peace Glenn B. Ogden The Conquering Christ in·South America Samuel Guy Inman Religion-By Evolution or Revelation· Samuel M. Zwem.er A Pastor's Opportunity Francis Shunk Downs Missions to Indians-Yesterday and Today Thomas C.· Moffett Oases in the Good Earth G. Carleton Lacy

STANLEY HIGH Editorial Chat THE MISSIONARY

The New Crisis The demand for the July-August OF THE WORLD issue of THE REVIEW, on the Amerin the Far East ican Indian, exhausted the first edi- Delavan L. Pierson, Editor tion and it has been reprinted. Copies Christianitg and Opposing Forces may be obtained, if ordered promptly, Vol. LV Nov., 1932 No. 11 at 25 cents each, $20 a hundred. An indispensable handbook for those FRONTISPIECE ………. 578 who desire something more than a news- *** paper acquaintance with the world's TOPICS OF THE TIMES … 579 most serious international crisis. $1.00 The special Christmas offer of THE REVIEW appears on page 623. Don't Thanksgiving Under Difficulties The Uncut Nerve of Missions, miss it! This gives an opportunity to Laymen Appraise Foreign 'Mis- bring pleasure and help to pastors, by Cleland B. McAfee missionaries and other friends and at sions the same time to help the Cause of Where There Is No Missionary Dr. McAfee's latest book is for those deeply con- Christ whose coming to earth we are commemorating. Depression cerned as to what the future holds of duty and Sunday School Leaders at Rio opportunity in the Mission field. *** $1.50 A BRAHMIN WHO Read the comments on the Lay- SOUGHT PEACE ……. 583 New life Through God, men's Roreign Mission Inquiry (on page 580) and you will be convinced Glenn B. Ogden of Kasganj, India by Toyohiko Kagawa that the work of evangelical missions is not completed either at home or THE CONQUERING "If you're not too Western to take a good straight abroad. THE MISSIONARY RE- CHRIST IN SOUTH VIEW OF THE WORLD fills a more AMERICA ………….. 588 dose of Christian preaching from an Oriental, important need than ever. Samuel Guy Inman of New York you'll find, as I did, that it is a really powerful *** RELIGION – BY EVOLUbook. In Japan it is selling by the hundred thous- We have on hand some very at- TION OR BY REVELA- tractive colored Bible pictures (6 1,4 x TION ………………. 591 and."-Christian Advocate. $1.50 8% ) suitable for missionary use. These will be furnished free as long Samuel M. Zwemer of Princeton Religions of Old Korea, as the supply lasts. WHAT THE "MAN OF by Charles Allen Clark, Ph.D. * *' * HOPO" THINKS OF THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH … 594 A II permanent contribution to the literature bearing READ WHAT READERS SAY on Asiatic faiths."-King's Business. A PASTOR'S OPPORTU- "There is no magazine that we en- NITY ………………. 595 Illustrated, $2.50 joy reading more than THE RE- VIEW. It fills a place no other mag- Francis Shunk Downs of Berkeley, A Jolly Journal, azine can fill." California by Isabel Crawford BERTHA M. LUCK, A JAPANESE ST. FRAN- CIS ………………… 599 Anyone who knows Isabel Crawford, author of Woman's Board of Missions, Nashville, Tenn. The Editor "Kiowa," etc., is well aware that she can never say nor write anything that isn't interesting, in- *** MISSIONS TO INDIANSstructive and entertainin~. YESTERDAY AND TO- Illustrated, $1.50 "I prize THE REVIEW more and DAy ………………. 601 more every year. The October num- The Course of Christian ber is great! Please send me an extra Thomas C. Moffett of New York copy and a Christmas Gift subscrip- Missions, tion to my daughter." OASES IN THE GOOD EARTH ……………. 603 by William Owen Carver, D.O. THE REV. L. B. WOLF, D.D., United Lutheran Church, G. Carleton Lacy of Shanghai A succinct yet comprehensive record, which traces Baltimore, Md. OVERCOMING 0 B S T A – the main line of the history and development of *** CLES IN CHINA …….. 606 missions down to the present day. $3.00 "The July issue of THE REVIEW Wm. H. Gleysteen of Peiping went like the proverbial 'hot cakes' at An American Doctor each of the conferences I attended and EFFECTIVE WAY S OF at Work in India, I wished for many more." WORKING …………. 609 by Sir W. J. Wanless, M.D. MRS. DAN BRUMMIT, Edited by Mrs. Estella S. Aitchison Introduction by Robert E. Speer, D.D. An Kansas City. WOMEN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …………. 612 important record of his own experiences by one held OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTin the highest regard by those familiar with medical LOOK ……………… 615 missions. $1.50 OUR MISSIONARY BOOK- SHELF •……………. 621 New Revised Edition Publication Office The Foreign Missionary, 40 S. Meridian St., Indianapolis, by Arthur Judson Brown, D.O. Indiana A new and thoroughly revised edition of a mis- Editorial and Business Office sionary classic by one who has been described as 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City "the highest authority on problems relating to Christian civilization in the Far East." Net, $2.00 Entered as second-class matter at Post-Office, Indianapolis, Ind., under HUGH REDWOOD :Act of March 3, 1879. G d · h' n t e O· I FIRST 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year romON Foreign Postage 50 cents a year Shad0 ws FIFTY THOUSAND Published monthly-All rights reserved Copyrighted 1932 by the The author's "God in the Slums" has already sold MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBin the United States and Great Britian nearly three LISHING CO., INC.

hundred thousand. The new book is starting off with BOARD OF DIRECTORS ROBERT E. SPEER, President an edition of fifty thousand and should quickly take its WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer place among the best selling religious books in two DELAVAN L. PIERsON, Secretary SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT continents. $1.00 MRS. ORRIN R. Juno WM. B. LIPPHARD Fleming H. Revell Company ERIC M. NORTH MILTON J. STAUFFER New York ,. « 158 Fifth Avenue A. L. W ARNSHUIS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER

A. C. CHAKRAVARTI (WITH BABY) IN HIS CHRISTIAN ASHRAM, WITH HIS FAMILY AND CHRISTIAN

A RECENT PHOTOGRAPH OF HINDU GURUS, PRIESTS AND PANDITS, WITH CHRISTIANS, AT MR. CHAKRAVARTI'S ASHRAM Sweeper (untouchable) Christians are included in this Ashram, with Purdah women (behind the doors)', who have never before joined in any Christian meeting. (See page 583.) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LV AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 11 NOVEMBER, 1932 Topics of the Times THANKSGIVING UNDER DIFFICULTIES and difficulties; for the incentives to return to a Many may find it difficult this year to celebrate simpler, more healthful manner of life; for fam- the national Thanksgiving Day with the zest they ilies reunited through the new need for economy; have shown in prosperity. In America alone for public officials who are true to their trust and some ten million workers are out of employment; are seeking to serve with all their powers; for thousands have lost all their material possessions the example of nations like Great Britain and and multitudes are dependent on public charity statesmen like President Hoover; for schools, hos- for their daily bread. pitals, churches and other institutions that con- It is true that prosperity has led to thoughtless- tinue to build up character and life; for our in- ness, wastefulness and self-indulgence. Many heritance-individual, national, religious.

have thought that they could do without God and We may also give thanks for the true founda- have neglected His laws, His worship, His Word tions of society that are laid bare when the tem- and His service. Like Israel of old we have gone porary superstructure is laid low; for the love of astray and have turned everyone to his own way, family and friends; for our homes and children; rather than walked in the way of God. for the business man and teachers who remain Adversity has a sobering influence. Men see true in the midst of adversity; for the conscious- that money will not buy security or happiness ness that troubles come to pass-not to remain; and that human institutions are weak and apt to that the future holds larger possibilities of satis- crumble. Unless blinded by ignorance and preju- faction than the present; for God's good gifts of dice, we realize that the spiritual things are the sunshine and showers, of the many dependable things that abide and that we cannot truly live natural resources of earth and the heavens, of without God. Dr. J. Stuart Holden of London in- mind and spirit.

terprets the prophecy of Habakkuk as bringing We may well give thanks for God-given ability us this message: "Though all my profits be to learn lessons from past and present experi- swept away and I be left without a credit balance; ences; for the privilege of work and the opportu- though all my dividends be passed; and though nity to show kindness to others; for the many the value of all my securities disappears in the earnest endeavors to establish peace, righteous- economic blizzard, yet will I rejoice in God and ness and brotherhood among men; for the prog- joy that I am living! The world has lost noth- ress of Christian missions and the establishment ing till it has lost God ! " . of groups of earnest believers in God in all lands; When we set ourselves to thinking seriously we for the spiritual awakenings in Persia and Africa, find that we have many true reasons for thanks- in India and Burma, in Siam and China, in Korea giving in these days through which we are pass- and Japan, in Latin America and the islands of ing. Here are some topics for thought or for the sea, in the cities and towns all over North sermons. America; we give thanks that the mercy of God We may give thanks for the failure of folly to has not failed; that the eternal verities cannot satisfy; for the sobering influence of adversity; be swept away by material catastrophies; we may for the shattering of self-complacency and self- still rest confident in God as the all-wise, loving sufficiency; for new sources of help revealed; for creator, in Christ and His Way of Life, and in the the spirit of courage manifested by those who fulfillment of His promises.

suffer; for unselfish service rendered to those in In fact, when we compare our cause fordissat~ need; for many victories over discouragements isfaction with our reasons for thanksgiving, have [579 ]

we any reasons for discouragement or complaint? meantime extensive extracts have been given to There is good reason to make this season one the press. The "Appraisers" commend Christian of true thanksgiving to God; a season of hope missionary work as a whole and recognize many and joy; a time to mark new beginnings and a benefits that have come to humanity from the sinbrighter outlook. Let us think and thank God! cerity, courage and devotion of men ,and women who have given their lives and their money to pro- LAYMEN APPRAISE FOREIGN MISSIONS mote it. But they declare that "far reaching changes" must now be made if further support is In January, 1930, a small group of American warranted and if we are to expect success. Christian laymen decided to look into this Foreign Missionary business. This was natural and They summarize their view of the problem and right. Over $40,000,000 are contributed annually point out what they conceive to be the present to be spent by American Protestant mission weaknesses of the enterprise. They then make boards to promote Christianity abroad. Nearly general recommendations along the following 30,000 American and European missionaries are lines: giving their lives to this service. The work has not been without result, for forty thousand mis- 1. Mission workers should join with the Hindus, Mossion churches have been established in non-Chris- lems and Buddhists to counteract the growth of athetian lands and over eight million people are now ism, irreligion and materialism, rather than undertake allied with these Christian missions. But re- to combat the non-Christian religions. cently missionary contributions at home have been falling off. Travelers and others have criticized 2. Missionaries must make a sympathetic study of other the work. Some say that it is faulty and old religions to discover the points of agreement with fashioned; some that it is useless; others that it Christianity; they must present positive rather than is the greatest work in the world. 'Some hold that negative conceptions of life and religion. we spend too much for foreign missions, others too little. Some complain about the methods, 3. We should drop theological disputes and "separate others about the type of missionaries sent and Christianity from our Western history and agencies, the kind of institutions established abroad. Whom presenting it as a universal religion." shall we believe? 4. The missionary personnel must be more carefully se- When funds for an investigation were independ- lected by home boards, with a view to technical effiently provided, this small group of laymen decided ciency, discarding those of limited ability and narrow to look into the matter-not as opponents of the outlook. work but as friends. Seven large church boards agreed to cooperate, and sponsors, or "directors 5. The churches on the mission fields should take the of the inquiry," were selected from the cooperat- initiative in indicating how many and what kind of ing denominations. Three groups of specialists, missionaries they wish sent to their field. "Fact Finders," were sent in advance to India, China and Japan to gather material. Next fifteen 6. Sectarianism at home and on the mission field should men and women were asked to visit these fields to be discarded in favor of unity and cooperation-not investigate and report-all expenses paid. Before necessarily uniformity. they left America a year ago five volumes of the printed report of the "Fact Finders" were placed 7. Boards at home should unite to set up a general adin the Commissioners' hands. Then they set out ministrative board to promote and supervise the work to discover the answers to three main questions: of all the denominations. This super-mission agency should be made up of executives and of laymen out- 1. In view of present conditions is there need to continue side the boards. or expand foreign missionary work in non-Christian lands? There are commendable points in their recom- mendations. There is recognition of the value of 2. Are the present ideals and methods satisfactory; if the Christian message and the need for sharing not, what changes should be made? with others the values we have found in Christ; there is acknowledgment of the common need of 3. In view of modern conceptions of culture and religion, "salvation" from ignorance and failure. There is what should be the attitude of Christians toward those frank recognition of faults of the Christian of other religious faiths? Church and the need to correct them-sectarian rivalry, self-complacency and lack of appreciation The Appraisal Commission, after nine months of others. There is emphasis on the importance on the field, has recently returned and has pre- of sending only our best as missionaries, and on sented their report to the Directors of the Inquiry. the prime importance of a vital Christian life and Later this is to be submitted to the seven cooper- experience. The Commissioners realize that Christianity grows by "sharing" and that the ating boards* and may then be published. In the strength of the Church in the field is shown by its quality and influence rather than by statistical tables.

* The cooperating boards are the Baptist (Northern), Congrega- tional, Dutch Reformed, Episcopal, Methodist EpIscopal (North), Pres- byterian (North), and United Presbyterian. These boards have coop- erated only by conference with the Commissioners and by facilitating their investigation.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The personnel of the Commission* assures us of God as manifesting His purpose and power to- of an honest, courageous and intelligent piece of day in Christian missions; no recognition of the work. M.any of their criticisms seem justified. guidance and work of the Holy Spirit, or of the Any careful appraisal of their report must await importance of prayer. A humanistic philosophy its publication in full, but these advance instal- dominates the recommendations.

ments give grounds for some misgivings as to its 8. A super-board of missions will not be ac- real value and influence. ceptable to the Church at home. The Inter- 1. The report deals with generalities more Church World Movement brought catastrophe, not than with concrete facts as to methods and re- triumph.

sults. The Commissioners might almost have This report should not be taken to represent written it without leaving America. the judgment of the cooperating mission boards.

2. They conceive of missions from the stand- It will not be presented to them until November point of human philosophy, and on a cultural 18th. What are conceived to be weaknesses in basis, rather than as the fulfillment of a divine the report should not prevent acknowledgment of commission to spread everywhere the Good News its commendable features or hinder the correction of life through Christ. The Commissioners of weaknesses in missionary work as conducted clearly speak as philosophers and educationalists today. We need to reappraise our motives, our rather than as evangelists. personnel, our expenditures and our methods to 3. They apparently fail to see any vital dif- bring them into harmony with the Spirit and ference between "religion" in general 'and the standards of Christ. We believe that if the re- Christian religion in particular; between human port as it stands were adopted by the boards- ethnic beliefs and practices, and the revelation of which we doubt-it would weaken rather than God through His Son Jesus Christ. As a result strengthen evangelical missions ; it would reduce they suggest alliance with other religions to com- rather than increase missionary gifts; it would bat irreligion. This is unthinkable and unwork- lead to a greater division rather than greater able from a Christian point of view. unity in the churches. Christianity is not a phil- 4. Apparently the Appraisers have very little osophy of life. The essence of Christianity is understanding of the evils associated with Hindu- Christ. The only successful mission work is that ism, Buddhism and Islam or of their failure to which extends His rule over men who acknowl- make known God and victorious love. The New edge Him as Divine Saviour and Lord. Let us Testament teaches that the followers of these re- seek to make missions more Christ-like.

ligions have an equal spiritual need with atheists WHERE THERE IS NO MISSIONARY and materialists, that men are immortal souls, as DEPRESSION well as social humans.

5. The attitude of the report toward Christian It is an astonishing fact that the cooperating evangelism is unsatisfactory. The Appraisers missionary societies in the Netherlands are not recommend that medical and educational missions suffering from the present depression. The in- be separated from evangelistic work-the definite come of these societies in 1931 was F1.25,000 effort to win men to Christ. ($10,000) larger than in 1930; and in the first 6. There is a lack of any consideration of the six months of 1932 it was F1.70,000 ($28,700) comparative spiritual values and results of vari- larger than in the same period of 1931. Three ous types of mission work-educational, medical, reasons are suggested to explain this fact.

social and evangelistic. Apparently the Ap- The first is that these Christian people love mis- praisers are not very familiar with such remark- sions. The National "Mission-fest," held last July able spiritual awakenings and transformations as on the grounds of the palace of the Queen-Mother have taken place in North Korea, ,among the at Soestdijk near Amersfoort, gave ample evi- Telugus in India and in many parts of China. It dence of this. In spite of a rainy day, over three would be interesting to know how they would ap- thousand people were present. If the weather praise such work as that of the China Inland Mis- had been more friendly, from eight to ten thou- sion, the Japan Evangelistic Band and the Dohna- sand people might have been expected. From vur Fellowship. three platforms speakers gave addresses to peo- 7. There seems to be no adequate recognition ple sheltering themselves under umbrellas.

• The Appraisal Commission was made up of the following: Prof. There were many interesting features to this and Mrs. Wm. E. Hocking of Harvard; Pres. Clarence A. Barbour of "fest". In the program especial consideration Brown University; Edgar H. Betts of Troy; Pres. Arlo A. Brown of was given to the younger people. Popular ad- Drew University; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, University of Indiana dresses were interspersed among those of a more Medical School; Dr. Henry S. Houghton, University of Iowa M<dical solid character, required to satisfy a Dutch audi- School; Prof. Rufus M. Jones of Haverford College; Dr. Wm. P. Mer- ence. The varied and picturesque costumes worn rill, pastor of Brick Church, N. Y. C.; Albert L. Scott of N. Y.; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sibley of Rochester; Dr. Henry C. Taylor, agricultural specialist; Vice-Pres. Woodward of the University of Chicago; and Miss Ruth F. Woodsmall of Indianapolis.

were evidence that the people came from all parts vidual giver is card-catalogued. Every gift is of the country and from rural classes as well as systematically followed up, and if it is not refrom the city. The Queen-Mother was there, but peated in due time the reason is sought. Here the Queen and her Consort were prevented by is a lesson for wasteful, inefficient Americans! absence from the country. The deep interest in What gains in economy and in effectiveness might foreign missions and the manifest devotion of the be made if our mission boards would seek the people to this cause was evident. What other largest possible cooperation in administration! purpose could bring them together on a rainy day for an outdoor series of addresses? A. L. WARNSHUIS.

A second reason for the steady support of mis- SUNDAY SCHOOL LEADERS AT RIO sions by the Christians in Holland may be found in the fact that the income of the societies de- While Brazil was experiencing a formidable repends not upon large gifts but on a multitude of bellion (which has since been terminated), Parasmall gifts. This means extensive and effective guay and Bolivia were contending for Chaco, missionary education, and a thorough-going culti- Chile was experiencing one political upheaval vation of individual givers and of pastors and after another, and Colombia and Peru were on church leaders. A detailed study of the methods the verge of warfare, representatives from thiradopted by these Dutch missionary societies in ty-three nations gathered at Rio de Janeiro in the cultivation of their constituency·would be the interests of world-wide Sunday school work. suggestive and stimulating. But the essential fact is that the base of missionary support is The number of enrolled delegates was 1,619 broad and wide as well as deep, and when the and one of the open air meetings brought together shock of economic depression comes the results some 10,000 people. Several hundred more were are not so destructive as when the opposite is prevented from attending the convention by the true. revolution which blockaded Sao Paulo.

A third fact to be noted is the extent of suc- This great international gathering represented, cessful cooperation in the work of the missionary as Sir Harold Mackintosh, the President, said, societies in Holland. Eight societies have united "the greatest and mightiest voluntary movement their administrative work. Each has maintained in the world, cooperating for the Christian eduits separate organization, treasury, and work in cation of the coming generation." The motto of the field, but the executive secretarial work, both the convention, "The Living Christ"-or in Portuas related to the cultivation of the home constitu- guese, 0 Christo Vivo-presented a striking conencies and the administration abroad, has been trast to images of the divine Babe and the dead united under one staff in the headquarters at Christ seen in the churches of Brazil and so uni- Oegstgeest, near Leiden. Instead of eight or pos- versally held up for worship in Roman Catholic sibly ten secretaries for these eight societies, countries. there are five-two for the homebase, two for the work abroad, and one general secretary. This One of the significant features of this convenunion has resulted both in economy and in effi- tion was the series of six seminar groups which, ciency. With separate organizations and one sec- under skillful leadership, discussed important retary, or in some cases two for each society, one topics connected with Christian religious educaman must spread his service over the whole field, tion and presented their findings to the convenboth at home and abroad, and can specialize in tion. The first session was opened on July 25th neither without weakening his effectiveness in one by Dean Luther A. Weigle of Yale University, or the other department. and the program was enriched by addresses by Christians from many lands. A chorus of 500 A visit to the Oegstgeest headquarters im- voices, an impressive pageant, "Christ of the presses one with the efficiency of the administra- Ages," and an educational exhibit were attractive tive organization, in the most improved machines features of the convention. Daily noon prayer and methods for their office work and in their meetings were held to seek divine guidance, felknowledge of missionary problems, always abreast lowship and power. The use of the large Municiof the best in the world. This effective coopera- pal Theater was granted by the Government free tion makes possible the successful missionary edu- of charge and many Brazilians united in offercation to which reference has been made. Summer ing generous hospitality. The convention made schools are provided to such an extent that every a profound impression on Brazilians and has pastor in Holland can attend. one every three or without doubt given a strong impetus to evangelifour years, and by the systematic working of the cal work in this great country which has now the home field every pastor has such an opportunity. strongest Protestant body in Latin America and The record of every congregation and every indi- where there are still large reaches of territory untouched by the Gospel of Christ.

A Brahmin Who Sought

By the REV. GLENN B. OGDEN Kasganj, United Provinces, India Missionary of the American Presbyterian Church. 1916- I T was a hot, sticky evening such as Calcutta came so fast and so easily? He had in a few produces in abundance during the course of years edited and sent through the press nearly all a year. A high caste Bengali business man of the ancient and best loved Sanskrit books of sat cross-legged on his floor mat, surrounded by the Hindus. Among his friends Chakravarti his ledgers, closing up business for the day. numbered outstanding men like the great poet "Just what am I getting out of all this sweat- Tagore, business men, professional men and land- ing over money? Who would pick up the lines lords. Houses he had, lands, country estates. A and drive on as I am doing were I to drop out hundred seventy-five miles from Calcutta, on the of the picture this night? Have I found heart banks of a stream chiselling its way through gran- peace-Shanti? Am I getting the best out of ite banks, he had built a country house in a de- life? Does the way I am going promise ultimate lightful garden, surrounded by mangoe, guava satisfaction? Will it bring me at last to peace?" and other Bengali fruit trees; there he expected Thus the soliloquy went on in his heart. to spend the latter years of his life in quiet devo- As a boy A. C. Chakravarti had gone to school tions, religious exercises and meditations.

in the city of his birth, Dacca, some two hundred This would be quite in keeping with the prac- miles east of Calcutta. All during his school days tice of Indian gentlemen. After money had been grinding poverty fostered within his young breast accumulated, and children grown to maturity and the determination to become a rich man when were able to look after the family affairs, then once school days were left behind. At last, with the father might retire from business and try to a capital of thirty rupees (about ten dollars), he find satisfaction in the consolations of religion.

started a book shop in the great University city. For years Chakravarti had been trying to find Such was his skill, application, and resourceful- the peace which the "world" gives. His last worry ness that within a year ten thousand rupees had would disappear when he had successfully comrolled in. Chakravarti began to acquire wealth pleted the marriage arrangements of his two and fame-but he forgot all about God and future charming and much-loved daughters. He thought life. that he was free from cares and anxieties and would be able to live on the income turned in by Some years passed, bringing us to the time his agents. when our story begins. Just why this Hindu should be talking thus to himself he did not know.

Ought not he of all men to be happy? He was Disillusionment a Brahmin of the Brahmins, having an excellent Sanskrit education; he was a writer of school But now something was disturbing him. He textbooks and a good enough salesman to per- was tired of this sort of peace, and disillusioned suade the Department of Education to accept his he gave himself to the study and practice of palm- books in competition with others. Money was istry and astrology. Again quick proficiency re- coming in, more money than he knew what to warded his efforts. He had been terribly upset do with-book seller, printer, writer that he was. by the horoscope of his elder daughter, for it re- He gave help to others with a free hand. The vealed to him that she was doomed to die within oGcasional wandering fakirs (out of the hundreds three months. Pain began to crush his heart.

of thousands of naked or half naked sadhus who The world had failed to give him peace and he wander over India in the name of religion) who resolved to seek it from some other source.

came to Chakravarti's shop found themselves well Then came this arresting, puzzling, gripping rewarded. For into the till would go his hand question: "Have you found God .?" The Hindu to gather whatever might come first, whether sil- has some conception of God even though it be ver or notes. Why bother to count it or account nothing more than that of the impersonal, un- for it when one had more than he needed, and it knowable, non-emotional IT, called Brahm. Being [583 ]

reabsorbed into this state, and losing one's iden- their stock of merit by casting coins or gifts of tity completely, is the Hindu conception of bliss. food before the holy man, he had abundance. If Chakravarti sat for a long time thinking. He lean days came he gave it little thought. He was had to admit that he was far from having found giving himself to the reading of the sacred scrip- Shanti, for which every devout Hindu longs most. tures of India, meditation, certain forms of Having everything that the world could give, he prayer, self-denial at every hand.

had with it all a heavy, burdened heart. Imagine yourself following such a course of "Well then," said he, "why not find? If the rigor for ten days. This man followed it for ten way you are following leads only to a dead end, years. He was in earnest; he was heart hungry; if it has not brought you what you most desire, he wanted something supremely. No cost was too why not set out and find? Why not act now? great if only it would bring the desired peace of Nothing is gained by delay. The present course heart. Then he began to evaluate the way he will never bring you what you want." had come since in the counting house at Calcutta But what would bring peace? Could one be he had made his great decision. Again came the sure of a way? He acted with firm resolve and questions: "Where has it brought you? Does it decided on the only way of which he knew-the hold out hope of ultimate finding? Have you way of the Hindu Yogi. It is the way of austeri- found God ?" To all of these questions, in all hon- ties, putting away of the world and repressing esty, he had to answer that he was precisely where all human desires. The trail of the Yogi leads he was ten years back. The practical mind of to the desert, the mountain cave, the grass thatch the business man could have but one reaction to by a river's brink. It means days and months this discovery. "If you have not found, if you and years spent in pious, rigorous devotions, see no hope of finding along this way, you are on meditations, exercises, with the hope that at last the wrong road. Try another."

one will be able to break through into the pres- At this juncture an old debt was paid by a for- ence of reality and find peace. mer debtor in Calcutta. This provided enough So it was that Chakravarti divested himself of to take him and his wife and daughters back to his business, turning it over to a company of men Dacca. Here he joined, first, the popular school who later ran it into the ground. With just of Vaishnavism and then, a reformed Vaishnav enough money to take him and his wife and two sect of Hindus, the "Chaitanya Math" or Theistic little daughters to Puri, he set out from the great Vedantist society. It is this society that sends city to take up his new life as a Yogi by the sea- the Hindu Swamis over to America to delude gulli- shore. Three hundred miles southwest of Cal- ble men and women with a plausible philosophy cutta, by Puri's sacred bathing ghat where every of Krishna. They have sloughed off much of the year hundreds of thousands of weary, heart- more crass elements of Hinduism. They consider hungry, yet hopeless, pilgrims come to bathe and the Bhagavata, the book of books. They hold and seek release from the burden of sin, he took up teach many noble truths derived from this and his abode. other of their sacred books.

Life as a "Holy Man" Chakravarti, leaving home and family and sev- ering all connections with those who loved him, Hair uncut, finger nails left to grow as they soon became one of the leading workers of this would, body neglected, trying ever to subdue the society. With a band of disciples he would go material desires, he lived the life of a "holy" man. about over Bengal preaching and teaching in her To a visitor, the love India still has for her villages and cities, collecting funds for his soci- "holy men" is phenomenal. Poor, ignorant, ety and furthering the interests of his mission.

yearning, wistful, hungry India all but worships To be a devotee one must leave home and love only at the feet of these men who have seemingly sac- the world of men.

rificed everything and who have, in popular esti- Finally his society determined to send him to mate, gone so much farther along the way to America to preach reformed theistic Vedantism release from the inexorable wheel of rebirths and (as contrasted with the pantheistic Vedantism the hopelessness of human existence. Pilgrims preached by Vivekananda). Though Chakravarti visiting the popular bathing places feel it a part speaks English fairly well, he did not have suffi- of their pious exercises to give gifts to these men cient command of a specialized vocabulary to en- who have made the supreme self-renunciation. able him to throw Sanskrit scriptural terms into Chakravarti and his little family, following the English in public address. He therefore set him- bitter and exacting road of the Yogi, sometimes self to the reading religious books from the West.

had an abundance, while at other times they went He secured, along with other books, a copy of hungry. If devout pilgrims, coming to bathe in the New Testament and began to read it for idio- the waters of the Bay of Bengal at Puri, added to matic expressions of spiritual experiences. His

A BRAHMIN WHO SOUGHT PEACE

note book contains the first eleven verses of the an Indian, lest I be tempted to say that his relififth chapter of Matthew. He eagerly read books gious genius accounted for what I saw, but let borrowed from a missionary in Calcutta. me find this even in a foreigner."

Chakravarti had not dreamed it possible that In Bindaraban there lives a woman sent out there could be other books so sublime as his by one of the great Christian Mission Boards, who Bhagavata and his Gita. These had been the for years has been finding joy and rich reward in source to which he had always gone for spiritual loving, sacrificial service for India's women and food. He had been a most enthusiastic promul- children. Her reputation as a "holy" person had gator of their ethical and philosophical teachings, spread among the Hindus of her community. She trying all the while to put into practice what he was not concerned about that, but the reputation taught. But as he read this other book he found she had. Chakravarti had heard of her and deit strangely fascinating. The Gospel, like his cided to go and see her for himself; to see if own scriptures in certain of its teachings, was he could find that which he sought in a human yet very unlike them in other ways. Here he life. found One who had Himself found peace and who offered it to all. Here was a strange new world which he discovered and which was stirring him to the depths in an inexplicable way. It haunted him, left him restless and uncertain. Could it be that he was to find that priceless peace here? He must find out. He must waste no time for ways that fail to give.

His society now asked him to take charge of their great temple at .Bindaraban, the very center of theistic, not pantheistic, Hinduism. Here, on the banks of the Jumna River, thirty miles north of Agra-most of India's great rivers have many places held sacred as bathing places for the seeking, yearning throngs who month by month flock thither for ablutions, giving gifts to the Brahmin priests, seeking release from the burden of sinstaking charge of the temple, arranging for its administration and the daily duties of temple assistants, Chakravarti reserved for himself a little room where he might give himself to the protracted study upon which he was resolved.

When the Light Broke Day after day, often eighteen out of the twenty- MR. A. C. CHAKRAVARTI AND HIS WIFE four hours, he gave himself to a most exhaustive comparison of New Testament and Hindu scrip- With doubts in his mind he went. He had tures. Reading, meditating, trying to pray, puz- heard that she wore decent clothing, ate ordinary zling over it all, he went on from day to day until food, lived in a comfortable little house, even wore in the third week the light broke. As the glorious shoes on her feet. How could this be a holy permorning sun shines through the clouds, so at last son, and so utterly unlike the typical Hindu holy the darkness gave way and light flooded his soul. man or woman who tries to deny himself all such In Christ was God revealed. He says, "I had be- worldly things? He did not tell the missionary fore heard a voice saying, 'Come to me my child why he came. But he was much impressed by and I will give you rest,' but instead of coming her spirit. Busy as she was, pressed upon by to Him I went first in this direction and then in duties from every side, she took time to sympathat only to end up in utter disappointment." thetically answer his questions and talk with him. Now he said to himself, "If Christ is more than Something indefinable about her he could sense historically a character who walked the paths of though not describe. He went away to think and Galilee two thousand years ago, if He is more than a beautiful dream, He must be living and contemporary, able to prove Himself to every heart that will open to Him. Let me see in some human life Christ reincarnated, preferably not in

read and pray. Again and yet again he returned our house again. We do not want you to ever for an interview. She was being read like a book, darken our door, you renegade." He did not by one who has an uncanny ability to read men. reply, but he could say, "Here is where Christ At last he said within himself: "I have seen it. must prove Himself and will prove Himself to That woman has what I most want; that life, that me." He prayed for these who had turned against peace, that love and power for living, which must him and he expected a positive answer to his be in Christ and is incarnated in a human life if prayer. He is still a contemporary reality." In order that Chakravarti might fit himself for At last Chakravarti told her why he had been a life of service he was sent by friends to a semicoming and that he was now ready to declare nary in central India. A few months passed; to the world his new found faith. He had writ- then one day there came a 'letter from hi.s wife ten over the door of his heart, as he puts it, "Let in which she said, "If you will come to get me, Him who can come in here and take possession. I will come back to live with you." I am through with the old self-life." He prayed with child-like faith, "0 God, if there be a God, The attitude of many of India's men is still such prove Thyself to me now." On Christmas Day, that it is not safe for her women to travel alone. 1926, he received baptism, thus openly declaring With joyful yet trembling heart Chakravarti went to all his Hindu friends that he belonged utterly to get his wife, resolved that he would not violate and forever to Christ. in any way her personality. He said: "You are my wife and I love you, but you are also a Hindu Made an Outcaste woman. I want you to take no step just to please me. Be your own genuine self. Never become With this step, peace and joy came surging into a Christian just to please me. Bring with you Chakravarti's heart. In his own Bengali vernac- everything you wish-this chain of beads, mala, ular he expressed in song the thought of two much and these utensils of brass, everything which you Joved Christian songs, without knowing that they use in your morning and evening worship. If you .had ever been written: "I Heard the Voice of discover the source of joy and peace that I have Jesus Say" and "Just as I Am." He knew well found I shall be glad, but until then be your own what would be in store for him when his family self, a devout Hindu woman." She returned with and his friends learned that he had become a him. Though he persuaded her to begin the read- Christian. The time has not yet come in India ing of the Gospels he carefully refrained from when one may be an out and out Christian and hurrying her pace, for he said to himself, "If I yet be allowed to remain in a high caste Hindu have found the secret of peace, my life must rehome. Prominent friends in Bengal, the family veal it." at Dacca, his brother priests and disciples at Bindaraban would turn their backs upon him, out- Nine months passed. One day she surprised iCaste him, hate him. He would be called upon to her husband by saying: itread the way of suffering and loneliness. But thad he not suffered much to find peace, building "Do you think I have further need of this chain Ion a false hope? Could he not now rejoice in of beads, this mala which I have used for so long ;suffering for Christ, the source of his new found in saying prayers ?" peace ? No need to wait now for ten years to learn whether his hope was based on reality. Each "Why do you ask me," he replied. "It is yours day was distinctly better than the day before. and I can not tell you what to do with it. When Each day marked progress in realization. you came from Bengal to live with me again I did not ask you to get rid of it. You must de- His wife in Bengal thought it her religious duty cide." to tell him how she hated him for having brought disgrace and shame upon their family, their reli- A Christian Ashram for Pilgrims gion and their caste. To her letter, which deeply wounded him, he wrote, "I am asking my heav- This brave, wise answer was made possible by enly Father to speak to your heart. He can and his unshakable, simple faith that Christ was provwill. When He does, all I ask is that you try to ing Himself each day. He knew that something listen. He has made Himself real to me and is was going· on in his wife's heart. He was not proving Himself day by day." surprised to discover a few days later that the mala had been thrown away. She too had made There -was no arguing, no defense, just this the great discovery and was ready to take her patient, loving reply to one who was on her side place by his side as a happy, convinced Christian. deeply wounded. The son-in-law, who wrote from Calcutta, "Don't ever show your face around When their years of study, growth, and prepa- ration for richer service at J ubbulpore were com- pleted, the question came, Where shall we plant our lives and share with others what we have found? The Bishop of the Methodist church

1932j A BRAHMIN WHO SOUGHT PEACE

'asked them to come to Calcutta to take charge of and finding. Former friends, who had turned a flourishing church. But another call was sum- against him, now welcome Chakravarti to their moning them back to a little house by the side homes and as disciples sitting at his Master's feet of the road in Bindaraban where they might be ask, "How did He open your eyes? Tell us that friends and helpers to pilgrims along the way. we too may find. What have you found in your Here was a wonderful place to fish when one was new religion that you did not find in your old sa- fishing for men. Men and women, with such need cred Hinduism?"

as only those may know who have themselves ex- To all he says, "I can not tell you what I have perienced it, are coming constantly to Bindaraban found. But I can tell you that you too can find.

as a place of sacred pilgrimage. Turning their Write over the door of your heart, and mean it faces away from a position that promised good utterly, "Let Him who can give peace come in salary, distinction and comforts, Chakravarti and here and take possession." Then see who re- his wife soon found themselves established in sponds to your invitation. See if Krishna or their little ashram, beginning a life which is prov- Buddha can meet your need. There is One who ing to be one of increasing usefulness and joy. has responded to me and has proven Himself over Here they are helping man after man, woman and over again. I call Him Christ. You learn after woman, to find God in Christ, and by find- the taste of a mangoe by eating one. Taste and ing Him to find peace. see, and then one word will be enough from me."

The story of their life and service is still being The Ashram of Chakravarti, by its unique suc- written. Scarcely six chapters are completed, if cess, has begun to stir up opposition among the each year be called a chapter, since that day when Hindu priests at Bindaraban. The orthodox con- .

Chakravarti stepped out into the light. Has servative groups have been pressing the landlord Christ proven Himself? After a five years' si- to drive Chakravarti out of the present Ashram lence that son-in-law, who so violently expressed house which is amidst temples in the very heart his helpless rage, wrote again, "I have everything of the place. A legal notice has already been that the world can give. I am at the head of my served and proceedings instituted. His word to profession as a doctor; I have money, houses, all his friends in America is: "The work is Christ's, that I need, but my heart is weary and I have not that of any particular mission. Are there not found peace. Can you help me to find God?" Christians who can build an Ashram house here '!Yes," was the reply, "if you will come to the and thus hold up Christ in Bindaraban? I believe ashram at Bindaraban I believe we can help you there are. Christ will find them out and inspire to find God." them. Let me see what He does for His own He came and spent six months there seeking work here."

The Miracle of Indian Missions An illustration of the miracle of Indian missions is found in the story of the brave and devoted missionaries who ventured out to that hostile country during the first thirty years of the nineteenth century. Henry Martyn, a century ago, with mingled discouragement and yearning, declared that "to see one Hindu a real believer in Jesus would be something more nearly approaching the resurrection of a dead body than anything he had ever seen." The Abbe Du Bois, after a life-time of devotion, mourned that he had never seen one genuine convert. Looking back upon the great awakenings, and measuring the silent but sure interpenetration of India by Christian ideals, watching the indirect influence of the missionaries upon India's own reformers from Ram Mohan Roy to Mahatma Gandhi makes us marvel at the patience and the faith of men who toiled on through the darkness of those early days.

Could these men come back today and see the haughty Brahmin who has been led to Christ kneeling beside the despised Pariah, together partaking of the Communion Cup; could they listen to the record of the Travancore Mission, or hear the verdict of the centuries, what would they say? In India the Kingdom 'of God has come "without observation." The practical Christian of the West, in a hurry to "evangelize the world in a single generation," would do well to remember the lines of Kipling about the man "Who tried to hustle the East."

-Dynanodaya.

Conquering Christ in

By the REV. SAMUEL GUY INMAN, D. D., New York Secretary of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin America SOUTH AMERICA is the only continent that system. He distributed 400 copies of the Scrip- has so honored Christ as to erect a statue to tures during his first year in Argentina and en- Him. The world famous "Christ of the rolled 5,000 children in his schools. Argentina Andes," placed on the mountainous fastness be- was so impressed with his work that it conferred tween Chile and Argentina, commemorates the honorary citizenship upon him. In Chile and settlement by peace of their long standing bound- Peru he likewise had wonderful success and was ary question. Columbus on writing to King Fer- received most cordially by the leaders of the new dinand said, "In all of the countries visited by governments which had just secured their free- your Highnesses' ships I have caused a high cross dom from Spain. In Colombia he organized a to be fixed upon every headland." Balboa on dis- Bible Society in which leading evangelists and covering the Pacific, "looked toward the sun, saw government officials participated.

the sea and fell down on his knees and praised God who had granted him such a wonderful Not Interlopers sight." Evangelical missionaries are not interlopers in It is true that these early conquistadores often South America as some have indicated; in prac- treated the Indians in any but a Christian way, tically every country they have been invited by so that a Cuban chief, who was about to be burned government officials and leading citizens. In at the stake in 1511, asked his father confessor, 1888 President" Sarmiento, whom many regard as "Will there be Christians in Heaven ?" When the the greatest of modern South Americans, asked confessor assured him that there would be, Chief Dr. Goodnow of the American Methodist mission Hatney replied, "Then I will not confess because to secure a number of teachers to inaugurate nor- I have no desire to go where they are." It is mal schools and kindergartens in Argentina. As true that homage to Christ in South America has a result a dozen North American teachers had the too often been divorced from His emphasis on privilege of inaugurating a modern educational ethics and liberty; the symbol of His cross has too system in Argentina. A few years later the gov- often meant blind ecclesiastical obedience rather ernment of Ecuador invited the Methodist mis- than real sacrifice for the salvation of the people. sionaries to take charge of public education of Henry Martyn on arriving at the City of Bahia that country and to organize a modern educational in 1804, on his way to Persia, was so struck by system. One of the leading citizens of Colombia the immense number of ecclesiastical buildings in the early sixties invited the Presbyterian Board and the profligacy of the clergy that he exclaimed, to send missionaries to that land.

"Crosses there are in abundance, but who will In 1871 a group of Paraguayan gentlemen sent preach the true doctrine of the Cross?" On the an urgent invitation to evangelical missionaries other hand Padre de las Casas, who worked in Argentina to open a school and church in Asun- against the enslavement of the Indians, was one cion, promising a valuable property for such de- of the most brilliant reformers of all times. His velopment. The Methodists were not able to ac- enemies tried in every way to stop his work, cept and later asked the Disciples of Christ to which they claimed, as the enemy of modern take up work for the evangelical cause in Para- prophets often do, was destroying the economic guay. The President of Paraguay and many of development of the new continent. But the the leading citizens were eager for the Disciples Padre's fighting spirit continued unimpaired until to open their work in the City of Asuncion. From he died July, 1556, at the ripe age of ninety-two. the beginning of the establishment of the work in One of the first Protestant missionaries to Paraguay the leading citizens have been most cor- South America was James Thompson, who in 1820 dial. At the dedication of the new buildings of began a remarkable trip around the continent as the Colegio Internacional the President of the agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society Republic, the Minister of Education and the lead- and as a representative of the Lancastarian school ing educators of the capital were present. The [588 ] Minister of Education recently gave a lecture in than in the youth of Catholic blood who embraces atheism the new auditorium urging the necessity for put- with the furor of a Roman gladiator. Sooner or later, in ting religion at the base of all progress. This an hour of travail, the two branches of the faith of Christ is one of a series of lectures on religious and moral will come to understand that their fighting one another is the greatest misfortune for all the peoples of Spanish questions that have been inaugurated in the new America.

building. It is not too much to say that the open- Santiago College, the school for girls in Chile, ing of the Colegio Internacional has been the most recently celebrated its fiftieth anniversary by lay..: outstanding event in the City of Asuncion during ing the corner stone for a new building. There the last year. All Paraguay looks with pride to were present the President of the Republic, the the developments of this institution. American Minister and a most distinguished The athletic program carried out both in Cole- group, including representatives of twenty-seven gio Internacional and Colegio Americano is at- classes in the institute. This college has educated tracting very wide attention as a promoter of in- many daughters of presidents, ministers and ternational friendship and as a developer of moral other distinguished Chileans and has furnished stamina and the principle of good sportsmanship a large number of teachers for that Republic. It in every department of life. Parents are deeply was founded as a school for American children impressed with the interest that missionary teach- but soon the distinguished families of Chile asked ers take in the moral and spiritual problems of that their daughters become students. One of their children. Public education in South Amer- these earlier graduates is now married to a lead- ica has gone to the extreme in secularization and ing business man of New York City, has contrib- often in universities and even in primary and sec- uted $150,000 for this school, and is giving prac- ond~ry schools animosity toward religion is deeply tically all of her time to its advancement. The inculcated. former editor of the Pan-American Bulletin re- Testimony of a Chilean POet signed that work to become the Secretary of the school, believing that thus she can give the largest Gabriela Mistral, the Chilean poet, who is prob- service to bringing together North and South ably the most widely read Latin-American writer Americans. of today, said recently: These schools really assist the conquest of In Chile there are many schools where the Lord's South America by Christ as well as contribute to Prayer is no longer heard. One night I found myself the general cause of education and better underwithout lodging in a southern city of our country and a standing. A thousand illustrations could be North American teacher took me to her home, a North given to show how deeply these schools impress American school. I accepted because of necessity, but the teachings of Jesus Christ upon the lives of with a questioning conscience. Did I have the right to partake of her table without partaking of her creed? The the students. following day, after breakfast, which was blessed with Former President Alessandri of Chile told us beautiful words revealing inward faith, I was invited to common prayer with the pupils. I entered the room with the story of meeting his little niece, whom he had hesitation. The Bible was given me to select the reading not seen for some time, and asking her how she for the day. I chose a psalm of David, the common ex- was getting along. He received such an enthusi- pression of faith. I read it, followed by the students, with astic reply that he inquired further. The little an emotion I have seldom experienced. There was the girl said: joy of being in a school where it is possible to study every day the Holy Book, where atheistic effrontery was not able "Oh, you ought to know my teacher in Santiago to cast out the author of Grace, who is superior to all College. She talks so beautifully and reads to us knowledge. Some day this example will be a revelation from such a wonderful book and then we all pray for my brethren in the faith, the Catholics. They will see together that God will help us to practice what that the materialistic movement is so great that now they this book teaches. Uncle, do you know I think have no closer brethren than those Protestants with whom it would do you good to read that book. Won't they are able to unite in the common struggle for Christ.

. . . The United States has in our country the unhappy you promise me to read it?" luck of being interpreted as utilitarian, as a work-shop, and not as a religious field, which it was, is and will con- The President made the promise if his niece tinue to be. would bring him a copy. The day he received it had been filled with the many struggles in the Continuing she speaks a word much needed both midst of which Chile's executives have been by Catholics and Protestants as to the necessity plunged the last few years. He forgot about his of ceasing mutual recriminations and endeavor- promise until he had retired. It suddenly came ing to center on Christ Himself: to him that his niece would be around the next The materialistic current in our countries is enormous. day and inquire· as to whether he had fulfilled his It counts as adepts the great majority of the educators word. He snapped on the light, took the little of our youth. Our Church should remember its essential Testament from his vest pocket and lay down to unity of interest with Protestantism and consider that it read. "Literally," said President Alessandri, "a loses infinitely less in the free-thinker who is evangelized

balm of healing was poured upon my weary spirit. half of these twenty nations have declared in For more than an hour I read the wonderful favor of constitutional separation of the Church words of Christ and every day since then I have and State, and others have granted equal rights read a part of that book." to all faiths.

The Evangelicals have been responsible for in- There is a new demonstration of interest in the troducing into South America many kinds of so- spiritual life given by many leaders in these cial movements. Dr. H. C. Tucker, who for forty southern lands. As the Minister of Education of years has been the agent of the American Bible Argentina expressed it: "Strange movements and Society in Brazil, was walking along the street awakenings are being felt among us. Men not one day and saw some old discarded rails where in the ministry of any church are beginning to the street railway repairs were being made. He write about Christ. There are signs that a need asked the superintendent of the road if he could is being felt and confessed and men are seeking use these in the development of some playground to have that need satisfied in the Divine."

material. The whole thing was so amusing that The present movement in the southern conti- when the mayor of the city heard about it there nent toward the integration of evangelical effort was a development which brought real playground on a basis of well-considered territorial division equipment from the United States, the first ever is due in large measure to the leadership and known in Brazil. In Uruguay the Secretary of counsel of the Committee on Cooperation in Latin the Y. M. C. A. introduced the playground idea America. The function of the Committee, cre- which has developed until Montevideo has a mar- ated by the Panama Congress, is purely advisory.

velous system of playgrounds. Composed of representatives of some thirty Mis- The evangelical movement has not neglected the sion Boards supporting Christian work in most of direct work of taking the message of Christ to the Latin republics, it has given constructive at- individuals and organizing converts into churches; tention to the whole problem of an effective dis- In Chile the first evangelical missionary began his tribution and correlation of Christian agencies work in 1845 under the auspices of the American and activities over the vast area with which it is Foreign Christian Mission. The Methodists concerned. Evidences are abundant that its serv- began work in Chile and Peru in 1877 under ices have been welcomed by Latin-American lead- Bishop Taylor. Permanent work in .spanish, in ers and churches. Elected and sustained by the Argentina and Uruguay, was established by the organizations it represents it has no ecclesiastical American Methodists about sixty years ago. control in missionary affairs, but its cooperative The first missionaries entered Brazil in 1859. influence is indicated by the statement that it has Today Brazil has its own Independent Presbyte- helped to effectuate in Latin America such appli- rian Church, with its general assembly, and its . cation of missionary statesmanship as may well own Independent Methodist Church that elects its attract the attention of the Christian world.

bishop and conducts entirely its own affairs. The many-sided evangelical movement operates under Faith That Will Not Shrink so many different conditions in various countries The fortitude, courage and patience of the and over such vast territory that results are often Chinese Christians should challenge our attention unseen and pervasive rather than concrete and and restore our confidence in the work of the misvisible. Nevertheless, it would be interesting to sionaries and their associates. Only God knows cite some of the statistics that were gathered to the sacrifices, sufferings and sorrows that are recompare the strength of the evangelical forces quired of those who call themselves followers of when the first Latin-American evangelical con- Christ in China. gress was held in 1916 at Panama and the second All the opposition does not seem able to scare men off. conference in Montevideo in 1925. The worst they can do is to kill and non-Christians get Another important effect of the evangelical killed just as readily. The heart seeks peace, and they movement is its contribution to civil rights and find it in Christ. So the government can legislate but religious liberty in South America. Fifty years people still turn to Christ. The Russian Government said ago not one of these republics had written liberty "As soon as we down capitalism the Church will vanish." Since this was not the natural consequence they began of worship into its constitution; the cemeteries to persecute in their indirect way, and would not punish were open only to those who had died in the faith those who persecuted the Christians. of the Roman Catholic Apostolic Church, and the Let us thank God that Chinese Christians are marriage rite could be performed only by a priest ready to follow the path Christ trod to Calvary. of that communion: Even evangelical workers, This is the way we must go if we would own His marrying on the field, were obliged to have their cause, and become more than conquerors through union blessed by some friendly priest in order Him, who loved us and gave Himself for us.

that their marriage might be legal. Today nearly A .. R. BARTHOLOMEW in Outlook of Missions.

Religion-by Evolution or

Revelation* ..:{ A Review by the REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D. ): ..

Professor of the History of Religion and Christian Missions, Princeton Theological Seminary A N unaccountable omission from the pro- to the evolutionary hypothesis as the sole key to ~ gram of the Jerusalem Meeting of the the history of religion. Among them we may International Missionary Council in 1928 men t ion the late Archbishop SOderblom of was the consideration of primitive beliefs and the Sweden, Alfred Bertholet and Edward Lehman, presentation of the Gospel to so-called animistic Alfred Blum-Ernst, Le Roy, Albert C. Kruijt, but pagans. A careful and sympathetic study of the especially P. Wilhelm Schmidt, founder of the anreligions of these· primitive peoples discloses thropological review Anthropos and Professor of "spiritual values," in some respects superior to Ethnology and Philology in the University of Vi- those found in the ethnic religions, and brings us enna. The exhaustive work of this Roman Cath- face to face with the question of the origin of olic savant on the Origin of the Idea of God, Der belief in God. Ursprung der Gottesidee, is to be completed in Until recently the evolutionary hypothesis four volumes. In the three which have already seems to have had the right of way in every de- appeared, he weighs in the balance the various partment of science and religion. The first mod- theories of Lubbock, Spencer, Tylor, Andrew ern writer to emphasize the fact that monothe- Lang, Frazer, and others, and finds them all want- istic ideas were found among primitive races and ing. The idea of God, he concludes, did not come must be taken into account was Andrew Lang in by evolution but by revelation. his book, "The Making of Religion." In 1924 Redan delivered an address before the Jewish Anthropology and ethnology are also swinging Historical Society on Monotheism among primi- away from the old evolutionary concept as re- tive peoples, in which he rejected the evolution- gards primitive races. Dr. R.obert H. Lowie of ary hypothesis. the American Museum of Natural History; in his recent important study on Primitive Society, says, "Most of us," said he, "have been brought up "The time has come for eschewing the all-embrac- in or influenced by the tenets of orthodox ethnol- ing and baseless theories of yore and to settle ogy and this was largely an enthusiastic and quite down to sober historical research. The Africans uncritical attempt to apply the Darwinian theory did not pass from a Stone Age to an Age of Cop- of evolution to the facts of social experience. per and Bronze and then to an Iron Age " . . Many ethnologists, sociologists, and psychologists they passed directly from stone tools to the manu- still persist in this endeavor. No progress will facture of iron tools." (13th Edition N. Y., pp. :ever be achieved, however, until scholars rid 436, 437.) He concludes "that neither morpho- themselves, once and for all, of the curious notion logically nor dynamically can social life be said to that everything possesses an evolutionary history; have progressed from a stage of savagery to a until they realize that certain ideas and certain stage of enlightenment." concepts are as ultimate for man as a social being as specific physiological reactions are for him The American public is to be congratulated that as a biological entity."t the exhaustive work of Wilhelm Schmidt has now appeared in an abbreviated form, and translated It is encouraging to note that the tide has from the original German, is available as a study turned and that we have, especially on the Euro- textbook on the History of Religion. Whatever pean Continent, outstanding scholars in this field may be the reaction of students of anthropology who hold fast to supernaturalism and are opposed to a doctrine alien to the tradition still prevailing among many scholars, it will do no harm to face • The OrigWt and Growth of Religion: Facts and Theories. By the arguments here presented with such force and W. Schmidt. Translated by H. J. Rose. The Dial Press, N. Y., 1931. apparently so well documented. The London Pp. 297. $4.00. Times Literary Supplement, in reviewing the book t Primitive Man as Philosopher-po 373.

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at considerable length, does so under the title, itive culture is really the god of a monotheism, "Evolution or Eden." It is inevitable that Dr. and that the religion which includes him is genu- Schmidt divides investigators of the history of re- inely monotheistic-this is the position which is ligion into two classes-the believing and the un- . most attacked by a number of authors. To this believing. By the latter he means those scholars attack we may reply that there is a sufficient num- who have themselves repudiated all faith in the ber of tribes among whom the really monothe- supernatural, and "will talk of religion as a blind istic character of their SU,preme Being is clear man might of colors or one totally devoid of hear- even to a cursory examination. This is true of ing, of a beautiful musical composition." the Supreme Being of most Pygmy tribes, so far The work before us is divided into five parts: as we know them; also of the Tierra del Fuegians, The introduction deals with the nature, aim, and the primitive Bushmen, the Kurnai, Kulin and methods of comparative study of religion and the Yuin of Southeast Australia, the peoples of the history of the subject. Part Two sketches the Arctic culture, except the Koryaks, and well-nigh theories that were in vogue during the nineteenth all the primitives of North America."

century; namely, those that found the origin of Again, in massing the evidence for the charac- religion in Nature-Myths, Fetishism, Manism or ter of this Supreme Being, he says, "The name Ghost-Worship and Animism. Part Three deals 'father' is applied to the Supreme Being in every with the twentieth century, and sketches the Pan- single area of the primitive culture when he is ad- Babylonian theory, Totemism, Magianism and Dy- dressed or appealed to. It seems, therefore, that namism. In every case Dr. Schmidt gives an ex- we may consider it primeval and proper to the position of these various theories and a refuta- oldest primitive culture. We find it in the form tion of them based upon more accurate data from 'father' simply, also in the individual form ('my later investigations. father') and the collective ('our father'). So far, Belief in the Supreme God this name has not been discovered among the Cen- tral African Pygmies, but it exists among the In Part Four we have an account of the su- Bushmen and the Mountain Dama. It is lacking preme Sky-God whose existence was posited by also among the Andamanese and the Philippine Andrew Lang and others. It appears that during Negritos, but is found, although not commonly, the twentieth century there was a progressive rec- among the Semang. Among the Samoyeds we ognition of the primitive high God by European find the formula 'my Num-father,' i. e., sky-father.

and American students of ethnology and religion. In North Central California, the name occurs This protest against the evolutionary theory ap- among the Pomo and the Patwin; all three forms plies not only to the religion of primitives, but to of it are widely distributed among the Algonkins.

those who find the same development in the re- It is also widely current among the two oldest ligion of the Old Testament. Dr. Israel Rabin Tierra del Fuegian tribes, the Yamana and the has recently published an important treatise in Halakwulup, who use the form 'my father.'

which he enters an energetic protest against the Among all the tribes of Southeast Australia it is view that monotheism was a later development in in common use, in the form 'our father.' There Israel, and that it was preceded by henotheism, it is the oldest name of all, and even the women pol y the ism, and polydaemonism. "Not only and children know it; the oldest of the tribes, the Moses," he says, "but the patriarchs were already Kurnai, have no other name for Him. There is monotheists. The covenant idea is as old as Abra- no doubt possible that the name 'father' is intend- ham, and the covenant at Sinai is history, not fic- ed in this connection to denote, not physiological tion. The God of Sinai is no more mountain-god paternity (save in cases where the figures of the or local Kenite god. Monotheism is not the result Supreme Being and of the First Father have of an evolutionary process, it rests upon revela- coalesced), but an attitude of the greatest rever- tion and existed from the beginning of Israel's ence, of tender affection and steadfast trust on history as portrayed in Genesis; there is no bridge the part of man towards his god."

from polytheism to monotheism." The evidence for these astonishing statements Dr. Schmidt follows the historical method, and is abundantly given in the larger four-volume traces the belief in a supreme God across wide work, to which we have already referred. Not areas where primitive culture prevails, for ex- evolution, but deterioration, is found in the his- ample, among the Pygmies of Africa, the Indians tory of religion among primitive tribes and the of North America, and certain tribes in Australia. higher cultures that followed after their migra- The last chapter of this epoch-making book is en- tion. As Dr. Schmidt expresses it in the conclud- titled, "The Origin and History of the Primitive ing paragraphs of this most interesting volume: High God," in which we have the summary of the Thereafter, as external civilization increased in splendor argument. "That the Supreme Being of the prim- and wealth, so religion came to be expressed in forms of

RELIGION-BY EVOLUTION OR BY REVELATION

ever increasing magnificence and opulence. Images of by a number of German missionaries under the gods and daimones multiplied to an extent which defies all direction of Dr. Heinrich Frick of Marburg. In cLassification. Wealthy temples, shrines and groves arose; a recent number of "Africa," a journal of the more priests and servants, more s.acrifices and ceremonies International Institute of African languages and were instituted. But all this cannot blind us to the fact cultures (July, 1931) London, Professor Dr. K. T. that despite the glory and wealth of the outward form, Preuss of the University of Berlin, has a striking the inner kernel of religion often disappeared and its article on the conceptions of a Supreme Deity essential strength was weakened. The results of this, among primitive peoples, and his conclusions corboth moral and social, were anything but desirable, read- roborate those of Dr. Schmidt. ing to extreme degradation and even to the deification of the immoral and anti-social. The principal cause of this The evolution hypothesis in religion has been corruption was that the figure of the Supreme Being w,as overworked, and has seriously embarrassed stusinking further and further into the background, hidden dents of religion who have grappled with the beneath the impenetrable phalanx of the thousand new problem of sin, its universality, and the universalgods and daimones. ity of its correlate, namely, conscience that is a sense of sin as a subjective reality. In the history But all the while, the ancient primitive religion still of religion, and in the study of the origin of the continued among the few remainders of the primitive cul- idea of God, we may no longer neglect the early ture, preserved by fragmentary peoples driven into the chapters of Genesis and the statement of the most distant regions. Yet in their condition of stagna- Apostle Paul in the first chapter of his epistle to tion, poverty ,and insignificance, even there it must nec- the Romans. Revelation, and not evolution, is the essarily have lost much of its power and greatness, so key to the origin of the idea of God and of prayer that even among such peoples it is much too late to find· and of sacrifice. a true image of the faith of really primitive men.

It is of deep interest to note, in conclusion, that the question of primitive monotheism raised by Dr. Schmidt is now being carefully investigated One Hundred Dollars for Flow-ers-But By Robert E. Speer* The Rev. William Sidebotham, who died in Bay and Mrs. Sidebotham have made all their lives in City, Michigan, on February 6, 1931, was for over their children and in their prayers which, under half a century a most faithful, self-sacrificing and God, give to the missionary cause its glory and devoted Presbyterian minister. He had five chil- bring down upon it the blessing of Him who loved dren, and although he never lived where there was us and gave Himself for us. a high school until all of the children had passed high school age, everyone of them went to col- Now Mr. Sidebotham himself has passed on, and lege. Three sons became Presbyterian ministers; shortly after his death his daughter, Miss Emily one daughter a successful home missionary teach- Sidebotham, wrote to the Board in part as follows: er, and the other a public school teacher. One of the sons went as a missionary to Korea. When we opened my father's will we found a sheet of instructions. Among them was the following: When Mrs. Sidebotham died in 1929 her husband wrote to the Board of Foreign Missions: "After my funeral expenses are all paid, take $100 for flowers. Do not buy flowers, but send it to Dr. Speer, My wonderful wife died last night. The funeral ar- asking him to see that it is used for work in Korea in rangements are all made. For some years the money to memory of my son Richard." cover expense of funeral has been ready. Many times she has said: "Don't spend a cent for flowers when I die. So I am enclosing a check for that amount. I am glad Give it to Foreign Missions." Accordingly I enclose $100 father was able to do this, and that he commissioned me from her for the field in Taiku, in memory of our son. to carry out this wish. She has often wished she was rich, but never that she might have a better wardrobe, etc., but that she might During the last eight and a half years that I have been help the poor and help foreign missions. My salary was at home caring for my parents, I have realized how dear never more than $700 and manse (often less) till I was the work of His Kingdom was to their hearts. I have apsixty-four; never more than $800 and manse till I was preciated more than ever before the sacrifices they made over seventy, in 1918, never more than $1,200 and manse in their earlier years, that we might be educated, and I till I retired, and began to get $50 a month from the Board have come to understand a little more fully the joy they of Relief. Yet she uncomplainingly gave her children and had when we all entered Christian work. I feel as though rejoiced in our tithing until the end. I am, we had been left a great heritage, something that will be an inspiration to us all our lives. Your brother in the work, (Signed) WILLIAM SIDEBOTHAM. These letters illustrate the true basis on which the missionary enterprise rests, first, in the pur- It is such a gift as this and such gifts as Mr. pose of God with regard to His only Son, the Saviour of the world, and, second, in the pure love • Condensed from The Presbyteriwn. and sacrifice due to Christian spirit in such true and simple lives as this.

A BIBLE STUDY CLASS AT THE RHODA ROBLEE BARKER BOYS' SCHOOL AT HOPO, SOUTH CHINA What the "Man of Hopo" Thinks of the Christian Church T HE views of the "Average Man of Hopo" in is growing and meeting the needs of new condi- regard to the Christian Church are given in tions. As education has widened women's sphere, Missions by Arthur S. Adams, an American the Church has met the enlarged situation. Chi- Baptist Missionary in South China. nese say: "If the Jesus religion will do so much for the foreign wife and mother, it is worth trying Thirty years ago the Chinese soldiers tried to for Chinese women." The Mission hospital also prevent the Baptist Mission from building a has proved a blessing, which "Mr. Average Man Christian church in Hopo. The church won the of Hopo" can recognize. case, however, and the building was erected. It became popular both a3 a church and as a day Third-Because the Church shows power to school. In the meantime the military post which change broken and wrecked lives, to reclaim and opposed the building was abolished and the yamen remold them into something fine and good. An was sold. example is found in Mr. Liu, a scholar but an opium smoker, who had fallen so low that his Later when the church school outgrew its quar- wife turned him out. He was reclaimed by the ters the use of a Confucian temple was granted to mission and joined the church. Then his wife carry forward the work. Thus the missionary also came and said, "I can't come to church much, became guardian of the images. When the new but the Jesus religion has made my husband over, Rhoda Roblee Barker School was built, the temple so that I too want to join and be baptized with was returned in good condition to the Confucian him." This couple was not satisfied to keep to elders. These caretakers were less careful of the themselves what they had found in Christ. Three property and today it is a wreck. months later they had brought together their neighbors and had raised money to build a chapel Why is "Mr. Average Man of Hopo" impressed in their own village. with the Christian Church? asks Mr. Adams. The answers may be summarized as follows: Today Hopo Church has an ordained Chinese pastor and the people are making vigorous efforts First-Because the Church of Christ stands un- to put over the five-year evangelistic program. changing in the midst of change. The yamen and Good results are already reported. No wonder temple are gone, but the Church abides. "Mr. Average Man of Hopo" believes in the Chris- tian Church! Second-Because the Church changes in the midst of change. She is alive and not dead. She

A Pastor's

By the REV. FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS, D. D.

Pastor of the First Presbyterian Church, Berkeley, California I s there any greater opportunity? A pastor month. If one cannot purchase sufficient books, holds his divine commission from the Mission- he can make regular visits to the town library. ary of the Ages. He specializes in the great- "Reading maketh a full man," Bacon declared, est missionary Textbook of all time. His parish and a wiser than he said: "Out of the abundance is not merely what he sees at some crossroads or of the heart (and mind) the mouth speaketh."

in some metropolitan center-it is the world. Personal contacts can also be made with mis- The opportunity is inescapable. His call to be sionaries today, if there is a will to prompt it.

a minister inevitably made him a missionary to Fellowship with these missionary spirits, whether all men. He is ordained an ambassador to the , in a church or at conferences, by correspondence whole world. His orders are clear, and he ful- or through first-hand friendships help a pastor fils his ministry only as he obeys them. mightily to keep fit for missionary leadership.

It is a privileged opportunity. Who would not The pastor who hungers and thirsts after mis- covet the privilege of walking with the Son of sionary food shall be filled. The pastor who takes God into the hearts of men? Who would not to his heart the whole world of God's needy chil- thrill to a place of service and leadership in the dren will somehow obtain the equipment that will Kingdom that embraces every race and that en- fit him for missionary leadership in his world compasses time and eternity? Who would not parish.

pour out his life for a Leader and a Cause that brings blessing to every life and to all of life? 2. To Train the Officers and Leaders.

1. To Equip Himself for Leadership. Blessed is the pastor whose elders, stewards'or deacons are missionary-minded. Some are and Many pastors must do this after they leave the theological seminary. But more and more the some are not. Some official boards are instruseminaries are recognizing their obligation, not ments for bringing the world to Jesus Christ. only to inform their students in the fields of mis- Others would keep Jesus Christ imprisoned in the sionary history, biography and comparative re- little world in which they live. ligion, but to give them the spiritual and practical equipment which enables a pastor to exercise wise A pastor has a wonderful missionary opportuand liberating missionary leadership to the church nity with his comrades of the official boards of which he serves. his church. He largely holds the key to their missionary sympathy and cooperation. A pastor The responsibility for a worth-while missionary whose heart is on fire for the evangelization of equipment, however, rests primarily on the pas- the world, whose head is level and equipped with tor himself. It begins in his heart, in the secret facts, whose will is girded to the purpose of Christ place where God and he commune alone. Not and the central program of the Christian Church only must a minister be sure of God's call but he and whose heart is warm with love for his commust clearly discern its missionary implications. rades and his church, can do unbelievable things Time and again he must go apart alone, see anew with ninety-nine per cent of his church officers. the vision splendid, hear again the unmistakable command to "go into all the world," and must One pastor in a small church, whose Session dedicate himself unreservedly to the world field felt that the church could give little or nothing and the world task. If the pastor regularly re- to missions and that even the little must be raised news his strength and refreshes his spirit at this through "fairs and bazaars," persuaded those men point, the battle will be more than half won. from the Word of God that they could support a missionary and through free-will offerings. As He should read the best missionary literature one of the elders put it: "It will ruin us, but the available. This means both old and new books. Bible tell us to, and we will be loyal, to our It certainly means at least one outstanding mis- Saviour." He'lived to see the plan succeed and sionary periodical coming to his study each learned from experience that God's way was the best way.

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One Session takes a half-hour of its stated under the pastor's wise guidance should find ex- meeting each month to study the work of the pression in a larger giving of the church's life church and the Kingdom and to unite in prayer with the whole world.

for specific objects and needs at home and abroad. Is it strange that those officers are all missionary- 4. To Release the Financial Resources.

minded and active missionary leaders? In days of financial stress, when there is much When a pastor trains his officers in missionary unemployment and a reduction in incomes, does leadership what a joy it is to see the missionary the pastor of the average church have a mission- policies and program of his church develop as the ary opportunity in the release of the financial re- product of their mutual labors and prayers. sources of his congregation?

3. To Educate His People. He does, because the principles of Christian stewardship are as binding and as applicable in John R. Mott once said: "To enable Christians times of financial depression as in times of pros- to realize the need of the world, missionary edu- perity. A faithful recognition and practice of cation is necessary. If the world's need is to be Christian stewardship, as applied to our money, met, Christians must know the need and be led to whether little or much, will release sufficient will to meet that need." funds for the missionary enterprise, will make People are most interested in that about which for adequate support at home, and will give God they know most. If there is little interest, it is the chance to open the windows of heaven and usually because there is little knowledge. We go pour out upon us such a blessing as there shall as we glow and we glow as we know. Was it not not be room enough to receive it.

Emerson who said that every great achievement The pastor must give the leadership that will in life is the result of some great enthusiasm? spiritualize the budgets of the church, that will Enthusiasm is generated when a personality put all giving of money by Christians on a spirit- strikes fire with irresistible facts. ual plane, that will call forth funds for real mis- The pastor's sermons should give his people a sionary needs and specific objects, that will cause vision of the world and their responsibility to the members of his church not only on Every meet its needs. Four or five missionary sermons Member Canvass Day but throughout the year to rooted in the Word of God and fruited with the hear the call of struggling men, the appeal of achievements of a marching Christ, should be crushed women, the cry of little children, and that given each year. Each Sunday, whatever the having taken from the Lord all that He offers subject of the sermon, a missionary illustration gives back to Him all that He asks.

can be used to advantage. The missionary spirit One pastor, before his church became self-sup- and the missionary thought will crop out in a porting, led it to give regularly to all benevolences missionary pastor, whatever the topic may be. of the church. Within three years after the I know a pastor who at the time of the "announce- founding of that church, by an act of great faith ments" gives five minutes each Sunday to the pres- and through tithing, that small congregation of entation of mission work in a different country. wage-earning people took on the full support of Missions in the Sunday School should have its a missionary to Africa. Another church, after place regularly in the worship program. A letter several successful Schools of Missions under the from the field well read, a little play, a brief talk pastor's leadership, took the entire support of by a missionary or by one who has visited the field two missionaries. In a third church sixteen quickens interest. There is no substitute, how- classes in a Sunday School took sixteen shares of ever, for persuading each teacher in teaching of financial support in sixteen mission fields in six- the Bible lesson for the day to bring out the mis- teen different countries. In this way not only sionary thought that is there and to apply it by was the giving of the boys and girls stimulated, some fresh and telling missionary illustration that but their imaginations were stirred and their spir- a boy or girl will never forget. itual responsibility was awakened.

Missionary education should have its place in It is true that today some must reduce their every organization of men, women, and young glvmg. But frankly, many could increase their people. We cannot discuss here the possibilities giving, not only because of the money with which in these fields. Every year a period of four to God has put them in trust, but because for the six weeks should be given to intensive mission- first time they yield themselves to the Lord and ary education through a church-wide School of begin actually to practice giving in a Christian Missions. Properly planned this will reach a big way. Some so-called large givers in the church cross-section of the men, women and young peo- are truly small givers, for they fail to give pro- ple of a congregation. The new knowledge and portionately. Some so-called little gifts are big interest gained through missionary education in God's sight and go far. "All dollars are not

A PASTOR'S OPPORTUNITY

alike." As long as the average church member influence. On the wall of the meeting room of gives only a few cents a week to make Jesus the Calvin Club, the Christian Endeavor Society Christ known to the world, the pastor of the aver- of the church for students of the University of age church, even in times like these, has a real California, there hangs a large missionary map missionary opportunity challenging him to release of the world. Lines stretch out from the First the financial resources of his congregation accord- Church to mission fields throughout the earth. ing to God's standards and in God's way. Around the edges of the map are cards bearing in block letters the names of seventy-one men and 5. To Recruit Young People for Life Service. women, members of First Church, who have gone as missionaries to every corner of the world. One of the greatest needs today is for more qualified young people to offer themselves for mis- 6. To Gear in the Prayer Life of His People. sionary service. We want young men and women who are qualified not only physically and educa- The day will not be won in this great cause by tionally, but spiritually, who throb with mission- human wits or human strength. "Not by might ary purpose and passion to share a Saviour, who nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." themselves have· had vital and satisfying expe- The prayer life of some churches must be very riences of Jesus Christ, who know Him personally ineffective for the simple reason that the pastor as a Saviour from sin and as the Lord of Life; and people are not obeying God's known missionwho have a message to deliver and who know why ary commands. Andrew Murray was right when it is a message; young people who, whether they he said: "God always gives His power to the go into educational, medical or evangelistic work, church that puts into practice His world prohave a passion to win souls to Christ, and who gram." are qualified through the Holy Spirit in personality, message and spirit to go forth on a spiritual There is no substitute for prayer. How may mission to the ends of the earth. the pastor lead his people in this respect?

To recruit such young people for the service of In his study, in his private devotions, he can rehis Master's world kingdom is a pastor's high member them in this way, even as he remembers duty and supreme privilege. The pastor's mis- the missions and the missionaries on the field. In sionary spirit will be caught even sooner than the public worship, he should carefully prepare his missionary instruction will be. assimilated. for his period of intercession, so that not only Faithful and wise contacts with parents will often general petitions may be made, but specific, fresh, yield results where least expected. Natural and and immediate needs may be voiced to God. The happy fellowship with young people, with the Church Year Book of Prayer should be used each word fitly spoken or an observation wisely used, Sunday. The objects for prayer should be briefly makes for life decisions. stated, with special reference to missionaries, phases of work or particular needs with which the A class on vocational guidance, held perhaps congregation has a point of contact. Churches in connection with the School of Missions, will set using a calendar may print from time to time choice young spirits to seeing visions of opportu- missionary subjects for prayer. Where groups nity. The knowledge that one is borne up regu- in the church meet only for prayer, the varied larly in prayer that the life may be guided aright and immediate missionary needs of the world that is indispensable. The Lord of the harvest Him- week as well as the more intimate needs of misself is hindered or helped in His call to the young sionaries and the missionary life of the home life in proportion as a pastor is faithful in his church should be taken to God in prayer. asking and in his faith. The Mid-week service where it is still alive has Many pastors find in young people's summer a large place for personal testimony and prayer. conferences the opportunity they covet for their It is an inspiring and dynamic meeting when a young people. Beside some lake or sea Jesus is dozen or twenty-five individuals remember in walking again, and when He calls youth today rise earnest prayer to God suggested missionary needs up and go after Him. and those which the Holy Spirit prompts. A pas- tor with missionary fire and purpose in his soul From the First Presbyterian Church of Ber- can enlarge and deepen the prayer life of his peokeley, during the past thirty years, there have ple for all the world. A church that prays through gone into the ministry and to home and foreign its prayer aims and goals, that links itself up to mission fields one hundred and thirty-seven of its world needs and opportunities, that asks greatly own members, many of whom took this step be- and expects greatly, will find God faithful who cause the pastor, Dr. Lapsley A. McAfee, was con- promised and will see that prayer is the arm that stantly faithful in prayer and approach to the moves the world. hundreds of young people who came under his

7. To Mould the Spiritual Life of the Church. little opportunity to suggest or to influence. The Begging on the floor of his Conference, Associ- . theoretical right is there, but in practice it falls ation or Presbytery, wherever he meets with his down. This is partly the pastor's fault, partly brother ministers and the laymen of the church the Board's fault, partly the fault of the denomiin ecclesiastical affairs, the pastor will have many nation in its procedure. Nevertheless, a pastor opportunities in committees, in public debate, in who has the facts, who has convictions, and who personal' contacts, to speak a word in season for exercises genuine sympathy with constructive the missionary enterprise. criticism, plus the perseverance of a real saint, will not only get a hearing, but will exercise a His reading should encompass the annual re- real missionary influence in the church at large. ports of the Mission Boards; he should be familiar with the personnel, policies and programs of these His most pervasive and farthest-reaching influ- Boards; he should see that the aims and plans of ence, however, is to demonstrate in his own the Boards become articulate in his Church, so church that spiritual obedience to the great Comthat they are truly interpreted and understood, mission along all lines makes for spiritual revival and so that they are so channeled to the individual in the home church. Many are praying for such congregation that they become effective in the life a revival today. Many factors enter in. But a of the people. revival that is not geared in to the evangeliza- tion of the whole world is not of God. When The Boards are helpless without the intelligent church members give Christ the pre-eminence in and devoted cooperation of the pastors. Mission- all things, God will open the windows of Heaven ary promotion should primarily be church-centric to pour out His blessing upon us. When the Holy and not Board-centric. If every pastor fulfils his Spirit is in complete control of the believer's life missionary responsibility, there need be no Home and of the church life, that believer and that Base Department in the Board, save a secretary church will be on fire for the world, and will trifor coordinating purposes. umphantly exercise power in the hearts of men.

Every pastor should exert his missionary influ- The winning of the world to Jesus Christ ence through his representatives or in person in largely waits upon what each pastor will let the larger gatherings of his communion. This Christ do with his life and with his ministry in is not easy, for the technique is such in most de- this day of the pastor's unparalleled missionary nominations today that the average pastor has opportunity.

An Old. Papuan Pastor Koani Miki of Port Moresby was the last of the old band of Papuan pastors. While still a lad, his life was saved by Chalmers and Lawes. One day, while a group of boys were play- ing leap-frog, a young man joined in, and as he reached Koani, he stopped, saying, "You are too weak to bear my weight." So he brought from a nearby house a broken length of a canoe pole and told Koani to rest on that. As the heavyweight jumped, little Koani bowed under the strain, and the broken pole pierced the leaper, so that the young man died shortly afterwards. The relatives of the dead youth carried him home, and armed themselves to attack Koani's section of the village and kill him. Lawes and Chalmers, from the mission house on the hill, heard the tumult and rushed down through the armed and noisy crowd in the village, up into Koani's house, and, seizing him by the hand, they walked him between them, daring anyone on either side to lift a spear. Lawes forbade Koani to leave the mission grounds, lest the aven- gers should kill him.

He grew up in Lawes's household, and on attaining manhood entered the college. In 1888 he was ordained and, with his wife, was sent to Porebada, about twelve miles from Port Moresby. When he went to this village it was comparatively small, but the virile people in- creased in numbers, and Koani's work bore fruit. When he retired in 1930, he had been schoolmaster, pastor, and friend to the whole village. Out of a total population of 550, 120 were. adult church members, and 108 more were in the day school under his tuition. Prac- tically all of the inhabitants are able to read the books published in their own vernacular.

Koani was one of God's gentlemen; courtly in manner and speech; and full of fire when preaching the Gospel he loved. He was a true friend and a father, beloved by his colleagues, Papuan and European alike. When Koani Miki retired as pastor, he was, at the earnest re- quest of the villagers, succeeded by his son, Gorogo.

-J. B. CLARK, in the L. M. S. Chironicle.

of Harper

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA WITH HIS "COMRAD OF "THE ROAD" AND THE LITTLE COMRADS A Japanese St. Francis* T OYOHIKO KAGAWA is one of the best Dr. Kagawa has a wife and three children WllO known men in the world and one of the most love him, admire him and sympathize with his useful. He is only forty-four years of age high ideals and sacrificial life. Although he re- but is making his mark in Japan as a Christian ceives many thousands of dollars in gifts, from social reformer, a politician and government ad- lectures and the sale of his books, this money all visor, a student, an editor, a novelist and poet, goes into the work to which his life is devoted. a philanthropist and philosopher, and an evan- Dr. and Mrs. Kagawa live as though poor, li,ke gelist. In the world at large ·he is known as the his Divine Master; he wears a $1.85 laborer's suit most famous Japanese Christian, as a popular and lives with his family on a budget of $40 a author and a lecturer on social and religious sub- month in a house that cost $80, and was made jects. The story of his inner and outer life gives from lumber salvaged from temporary shacks us the picture of a man of remarkable character, erected after the earthquake.

ability and achievement. He accomplishes the Whence comes this man-an intellectual giant work of four men, rising before daybreak for pri- but a physical weakling, a man with a great lov- vate prayer and Bible study, traveling long dis- ing heart, spiritual vision and close fellowship tances lecturing or preaching from once to five with God? He himself says that he is "a living times a day, conducting or supporting three so- miracle" of God's grace and power. He came, cial settlements. He is a leading spirit of the like a pure lily, out of the moral morass of an Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, and for a evil environment. He is the son of an unregen- time spent ten days a month reorganizing the erate father, born out of wedlock, the unsought Tokyo Bureau of Social Welfare. This work is offspring of a dancing girl, was reared in an atin spite of the fact that he is frail in body~has mospher e where sensuousness, selfishness and had tuberculosis, and still suffers from serious eye self-indulgence held undisputed sway. Taught trouble, a weak heart and kidneys. from his earliest boyhood by precept and exam- * "Kagawa.·" By William A x ling. ple that wealth, position and power are life's goals, nevertheless Kagawa has grown into a pure H arper & Bros. N ew York. 1932. Illustrated. 8 vo. 202 PP' $2 .

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flower of manhood with honesty, love and serv- "God dwells among the lowliest of men. . . .

ice to God and man as his standard of life, and He throngs with the beggars at the place of alms.

literally following the example and teachings of He is among the sick. . . . Therefore let him Jesus as his one compelling aim. who would meet God visit the prison cell before Early in life Kagawa was sent to the Buddhist going to the temple. Before he goes to church temple to study. From Confucian classics he let him visit the hospital. Before he reads his learned filial piety and patriotic loyalty and from Bible let him help the beggar at his door. . . Buddhist teachings and ritual his mystical sense He who forgets the unemployed forgets God."

was developed, and he was taught the value of *** quiet contemplation. As a boy he came to have a passionate love for nature and his early suffer- "The civilization of steel and concrete separates ings at the hands of his grandmother led him to mankind from the soil. The soil is God's. footfeel deeply for all other creatures that suffer, stool. The scent of the soil heals me. I have no whether man or beast. desire to become a civilized man, living in luxury. I want to live close to the soiL"

In the providence of God t.llis lonely lad at *** school came into touch with Christian missionaries in Kobe-Dr. H. W. Myers and Dr. C. A. "Christ's fool! A public laughingstock! Truly Logan-who welcomed him into their hearts and that is myself. The world's so-called pleasures homes.. Here Kagawa became acquainted with have all slipped by me. I have not leisurely witthe Bible and learned of the loving God who cares, nessed even one cinematographic display. Tied and who offers life and joy to those who seek. up to society's rubbish heap I have passed half Under Dr. Myers' influence Kagawa learned to my allotted days. . . . I have been ostracized know and love Jesus Christ and cried out eagerly, as a heretic and a socialist but these things move "0 God, make me like Christ." After seeing the me not. I am Christ's captive, a slave of the degradation and sorrow so prevalent in Kobe Cross! The world's fool! I am determined to slums and after reading of Canon Barnett's work abandon everything that bears the marks of the in the slums at Toynbee Hall, London, Kagawa world and, naked, sally forth along the road which was impelled to dedicate his life to help the out- leads upward to the state of the sanctified."

caste and unfortunate in the name and spirit of *** Christ. "The religion of imposing edifices is a heart- The story of his life in the slums of Kobe is breaking affair. It is the soul's castoff shell. A thrilling. At the age of twenty-one, taking a religion that builds men rather than temples is room six feet square in the worst quarter of the much to be preferred. . . . Well would it be city, he shared this abode with beggars, criminals, if most of the world's temples and churches were diseased paupers or moral lepers who came to razed to the ground. Then possibly we would him. Though misunderstood, slandered, threat- understand genuine religion."

ened, attacked and imposed upon, he never retali- *** ated or sought police protection, but for fifteen years shared his meagre supplies with the needy, "He who calls evangelism antiquated is a novice and unfailingly showed the love of God to all with as regards life. When the destiny of mankind whom he came into contact. He not only lived as a whole is considered, we must acknowledge the Christ-life in the -slums but, in streets and that Christ made no mistake in His passionate factories, he went proclaiming the Good News of effort to save."

God and the offer of life in Jesus Christ.

The fascinating story is told in this volume only Some Financial Surprises in outline but it is the narrative of a prophet, a Dr. W. J. Dawson tells of seven surprises which missionary, a servant of Christ, a martyr. Dr. will come to the man who begins to tithe his in- Axling, who has been intimately associated with come: Dr. Kagawa in the Kingdom of God Movement, 1. The amount of money he has for the Lord's has given us more of an interpretation than a work.

biography. One of its most valuable features is 2. The deepening of his spiritual life.

the self-revelation of Kagawa as seen in the nu- 3. His ease in meeting his own obligations.

merous selections from his two hundred medita- 4. The ease in going on to larger giving.

tions and other voluminous writings that allow us 5. The preparation this gives to be a faithful, a glimpse into the workings of his mind and heart. wise steward over the nine-tenths that remain.

Many of these, like the following, have in them 6. That he did not adopt the .plan sooner.

living truth: 7. That every Christian does not adopt it.

to the Indians-Yesterday

and Today By the REV. THOMAS C. MOFFETT, D. D., ..:( New York }!: ..

Author of "On the New Indian Trail"; Secretary of ~he Indian Mission of America H ow much progress have our Protestant era-especially in the last two or three decades. churches made in their work for the Red- We have perceived more and more that the In- men of America, in their methods, their dians, a truly religious and spiritual race, must programs and plans? What have we learned, and be won to belief in Jesus Christ through our sym- how effective are the efforts to evangelize, edu- pathetic understanding of their natures and their cate and develop the American Indians in Chris- unmet needs, and through befriending of them in tian citizenship? the plight into which the white man's aggressions The work among the Navajos of Arizona ahd and conquering civilization have plunged them. If the Nez Per<;es of Idaho, for example, presents anyone doubts that the old order must perish, giv- some vivid contrasts in this year 1932 to the pio- ing place to new, and that "Indianism" must be neer labors of John Eliot supplanted by civilization, let among the Mohican and other Why have we not made more a representative of their race tribes of Massachusetts in the rapid progress in winning the speak the conviction which presevent~enth century. Though American Indians and others vails. Ruth Muskrat Bronson, the same Gospel is preached, to Christ? Is the fault with a talented Indian graduate of declaring that the Lord Jesus the message, or the messen- Mount Holyoke College, in an Christ is the only Saviour to- gers or the methods used? address at Haskell Institute to day and then, what we term the a thousand young Indian stu- implications of a well-rounded What has been learned about dents from forty-five tribes, and up-to-date Christian pro- better methods in producing said: gram present many adapta- results, even as farmers have The Indian race is now at the tions and methods of service learned better methods in greatest crisis in all its history! If which differ from the methods raising crops? Dr. Moffett we can prove our fitness to live, we of pioneer work among primi- gives us a glimpse of some shall survive as a race. You know tive Indians in the early dec- that the old life has gone. And you ades following Colonial days. changes in methods. know that already, whether we wish This change in methods arises it or not, a.new life has come to take its place. We have a greater task from the new appreciations of the message of ahead of us than any warrior kinsman of ours who ever Christ, from the changed conditions on Indian lived. If we would be a great race we must put our minds reservations, and the new order of things for the to the difficult task of living greatly.

Red Men in the complex civilization of twentieth We have learned or should have learned, neither century life. Three hundred and fifty thousand to try to make the Red Man an imitation "Pale- Indians in the United States of one hundred face," nor to discourage him by forced processes twenty million population must be approached of leading him out into the artificialities of the with the Christian Message and must "work out white man's life and civilization. The recent suitheir own salvation" under very different condi- cide of Buffalo Long Lance in California is a tions from those which Pilgrim Fathers found among "the low-browed forest rangers,"-aborig- tragic instance of the failure of a misplaced and ines of a great continent and from the environ- misguided Indian. Hugh Fullerton, the newsment which surrounded them in the two centuries paper columnist, wrote of him : following. We have traveled long distances in this machine age and in the new missionary Long Lance killed himself the other day, weary of try- ing to live the white man's life. A chieftain of the Black- feet, handsome,. proud, a man of extraordinary intel- [601 ]

ligence; and rare beauty of form and of mind, he at- methods of educational and industrial work in altempted the impossible-found the white man's life bitter most all of these church institutions have been ~and ended it amid the luxury of the Santa Anita ranch, greatly improved and modernized in recent years. California. The Blackfeet are the most proud of all the Secular and governmental leaders pay tribute to Northern Indians, and Long Lance had that shy, fierce pride of his people. He grew tall and strong at Carlisle the more intimate contacts and the superior serv- School and learned the acts of the white man. He performed heroic deeds in France during the World War. ice which these Christian schools are enabled to He wrote, he lectured, an~ he grew weary of it all and attain. went back to his tribe again. One day he declared he Vocational guidance is receiving attention of would lead the life of the white man. He said it bitterly, both Church and State in relation to Indian young and he did not mean the best of that white man's life, people in school and following their graduation. but perhaps the worst. He drank deep and seemed to The systematic efforts, recently inaugurated by find it more and more bitter. He was a very brave and a Mr. Wm. R. Johnston, who has given forty years very gentle man and, I think, a very lonely one, failing to of service to the Navajos of Arizona, to contact find that companionship for which he longed, either among his own people or those he adopted. every returned student on the vast reservation of More than this one, among the large company that tribe, is wisely planned. A bulletin is pub- of educated Indian students, have encountered lished, and by auto trips and visits, the boys and similar experiences. We have learned to deal girls are being followed up with personal and cul- more wisely, if not always effectively, with "the tural influences and linked to the mission centers.

returned student problem." St. Augustine's words A great adv.ance has been made in the rela- rise from weary souls of many Red Men: "Our tions of the government service and the mission- hearts were made for Thee, 0 God, and we are ary forces, both on the reservations and in federal ever weary and restless, till we find our rest in Indian schools. Some fifteen years ago a plan was Thee." To lead burdened souls to Christ, in wQrked out by the Protestant mission boards for whose service alone they will find the yoke easy religious work directors at boarding schools, and and the burden light, is the chief task of emis- suitable buildings have been erected at a few in- saries of the Church. stitutions, notably at Sherman Institute, River- The present-day program of Indian mission side, California, for carrying on united evangeli- activities includes evangelistic, educational, voca- cal services and church activities. The Commis- tional, industrial, medical and social service. sioners of Indian Affairs have repeatedJy ex- Racial characteristics, heredity, environment, pressed their appreciation of missionary labors reservation systems, pedagogic method, all are and have provided for due recognition of the studied, and plans are developed to cooperate church programs in the schedule of federal with the Indians themselves, with government offi- schools.

cials, with traders and with the surrounding white Hon. Charles J. Rhoads, himself a Quaker, sent populations, along all lines of Indian welfare. out a year ago to the superintendents and em- Some leaders of the Indian mission enterprise ployees of the Indian service the following in- realize that this is a racial problem and are de- structions : voting their energies not to a single tribe or par- No effort should be spared to encourage effective coish, but are viewing the opportunity in its larger operation and prevent misunderstanding and friction.

relations, studying the ethnological and national Religious education and character training are necessary sources of Indian life, and reaching out for con- factors in the development of the Indian. Adequate recogtacts with the neglected millions of Red Men in nition of the status and responsibilities of the missionary nineteen republics of Latin America. Among the as a part of the local program, independent and yet cor- Pueblos of New Mexico a returned missionary, related with the government program, will still develop and make efficient the personal friendship and mutual formerly in Japan, is devoting his full time to lin- good-will which should always characterize the relation guistic research and pastoral labors among these of missionaries and Indian service employees. We suggest Indians, whom he believes to be definitely linked therefore that our superintendents be responsible for with the Mongolians and the ancient Japanese calling group conferences to be attended by missionaries, Indian church workers and employees, for the purpose of culture. discussing the plans and lines of cooperative effort which The field of Christian education, and the schools will promote active participation in a common program.

conducted under the direction of mission boards, A half century ago under the old political spoils can only be briefly mentioned. Institutions such system of appointing Indian agents no such con- as Bacone College, Oklahoma, Santee Institute, structive proposal had been conceived.

Nebraska, and the American Indian Institute, It must be noted that Protestant undertakings Wichita, Kansas, carry forward the more ele- for the Red Men of the United States, while pro- mentary instruction provided for in many denomi- gressive and modernized in recent· years, have national day and boarding schools in various also been theologically conservative and strongly states. The teaching staff, the curricula, and the evangelical. The missionaries, especially on the

MISSIONS TO THE INDIANS-YESTERDAY AND TODAY

reservations and in their contacts with primitive tions. Associations, conferences, presbyteries of and pagan tribes, have realized the need of simple the various denominations are composed in some Christian truth, of earnest and practical work, instances entirely of Indian members. The native and of basic instruction and methods, rather than organizations are the fruitage of long years of controversial or "modernistic" trends. The true missionary service. Self-government of indigemissionary ever leads to Christ as Divine Master nous churches is the goal toward which the labors of the heart and life, and to the Bible as God's of the past have· always been directed. The Word. Sioux, Nez Per~e, Choctaw and Pima Indians probably represent the largest measure of self- The united strength of the denominations has support and of reliance on a native ministry. On been one of the causes of progress in Indian mis- the whole a definite expansion and up-to-date sions. Dr. Charles L. Thompson, as president of forward-looking policies have characterized the the interdenominational Home Missions Council activities and program of the evangelical churches more than a decade ago, stated that he regarded since the "President Grant system" allocated inthe work of the churches for the Red Men of dividual tribes to separate denominations for re- North America as furnishing the finest example ligious nurture. This plan did not prove wise or of practical comity and cooperation in missionary permanent, but it stimulated later activities. The service in the homeland. Neglected fields were Dawes Act, providing individual land allotments, allocated, rivalry and duplicating of effort by gave the Indians new dignity and opportunity for evangelical forces were largely obviated, and a self-support, also has the declaration of citizensolid front was presented which greatly strength- ship for the "native Americans," which had been ened the impact of Protestant Christianity in the so long deferred. Of the reward of faith and face of paganism and secularity. service for this Cause, the memorable words of John Eliot, Apostle to the Indians, may be re- Self-supporting Indian congregations, minis- called: "Prayer and pains through faith in Jesus tered to by native pastors, now constitute a large Christ will do anything." part of the organized religious life of the reserva- Oases In the Good Earth By the Rev. G. CARLETON LACY, D. D., Shanghai, China Agent of the American Bible Society in China EVERYONE who has read "The Good Earth," nese moved in he brought with his family retain- knows something of China's crying need of ers, bodyguard and secretaries, his Bible, family the Gospel of Christian love. To me the worship, and a personal life that together created book seems to ring-yes, and to wring-with this an atmosphere entirely different from that picappeal. tured in "The Good Earth." Here was a Chris- tian home in the midst of odd surroundings. Yet it must be remembered that there are spots in Chinese society that have been changed. There The story of my friend's conversion is a good are regions that have experienced a touch of God's illustration of what Christianity has done for love. There are lives that have been redeemed China. There remains vividly in my memory his by it. Here and there a new glory shines; some narrative of three incidents that turned him about rough places have been made smooth; some bur- in his life and in his attitude to Christ. They are dens have been made easy; some yokes have been typical of experiences that through the past one lifted. hundred years have been coming to very many others in less conspicuous places. Not long ago I visited the city in which Pearl Buck spent her childhood. My host was a high As a youth this young Chinese was a soldier government official. He occupied a big house such in the ranks. One day he went to his commanding as is so well described in the now familiar story. officer for permission to go into the nearby city. Its absent landlord preferred the luxuries of life "Young man," said the kindly disposed superior, with electric elevators and porcelain bathtubs in "when you finish your errands in that city and Shanghai. So for a nominal rent my friend, the have time left to play, there are just two places official, had taken over the rambling place, with where it is safe for you to go. Find either the its courts and gardens and inner rooms, to pre- Y. M. C. A. or the Methodist institutional church." vent the squatters from taking possession and The soldier boy heeded this friendly advice and ruining the premises. When this Christian Chi- went to the church. There he found decent read-

ing, wholesome recreation, and strangely enough, can to exalt Christ in his home and community.

on this first visit, a patriotic rally. He sat down But the influence of that Christian home is now in a back seat and listened with amazement. Al- exerted through a more famous home upon every ways before he had thought of Christians as trait- visitor to the great house at Yangchow. Scat- ors, "running dogs of foreign imperialism." Now tered all over "the good earth" in China are thou- he heard from their lips the highest ideals of na- sands of humble homes of peasants, merchants, tional loyalty and found them adding to their own teachers and laborers that have been illumined zeal an earnest appeal to God to do for China by the light of Christian love, where life has be- what human strength could not accomplish. come much more than the daily toil and the be- That was twenty years ago. In recent months getting of children.

this man, from his difficult position in govern- Late one Christmas Eve we landed in Nanking ment office, has been striving with all the clear- on a cold starlit night, and drove through the city sightedness and passion of a Jeremiah to turn in an open carriage to the home where we were his people to peace and to prayer, pointing out to be entertained. Here and there along the the insufficiency of human diplomacy and the fu- streets, and dotting the open fields like brilliant tility of civil war. The burden of his none too fireflies, was to be seen the flicker of little red popular prophecy is that "righteousness exalteth candle-lanterns. We asked what it meant and a nation" and that the faithful prayers of a few learned that each Christian home in the great city hundred thousand sincere Chinese Christians will had hung out this token of thanksgiving for the avail more than millions of dollars and lives spent birth of the Christ. There are now myriads of in fighting for "national defense." This at least such homes made glad by what Christ has done has Christianity done for China-it has raised a for the Chinese family.

voice crying, "Prepare ye in the wilderness the A third incident narrated by this official at first way of the Lord. Make straight in the desert a sounded undramatic, almost prosaic, but it was highway to our God." When the nation is plung- significant in his experience and is typical of a ing blindly toward militarism and anarchy, great contribution which Christianity has made toward materialism and cynicism, one who has to Chinese life. A great national convention was led victorious armies on deadly battlefields now arn:mged in Tientsin by the Young Men's Chris- seeks with stirring conviction to lead the Chris- tian Association. My friend attended one day to tian forces to the victory of faithful prayer. Here hear a distinguished Chinese scholar speak. As is bright hope in the midst of dense gloom. some years before he had been surprised to dis- The second incident of which my friend told cover that Christians were loyal patriots, so now me occurred some years later when the young he was astonished to hear from this literary au- military officer had been entrusted with a secret thority that the Christian Bible was a classic of mission to rally military leaders against the usur- real worth. He himself had delighted as a boy in pations of the dictator Yuan Shi-kai. His duties the study of poetry and philosophy, and had ac- were taking him to many places, into the yamens quired a penmanship of some distinction. His .and the intimate presence of many powerful gen- pride in his own country's literary achievement erals and army chieftains. On one such journey was pricked by this master boldly urging his he came to a Yangtze river port and was enter- hearers to turn to a diligent reading of the Old tained by the Defense Commissioner. Instantly and New Testament Scriptures. His response he detected in the atmosphere and conduct of this was thorough-going. He became an earnest stu- household something he had never before known. dent, spending hours each day with his Bible. In For a time he could not analyze the difference, it he found more than "the greatest classic under nor define his experience. But when he sat at heaven." Here was spiritual food. Here was a meals· and heard his host offer thanks to God, lamp to lighten his way. Here was the priceless when at the beginning of the day he saw the fam- story of salvation.

ily and staff assemble to worship under the lead- One day in his headquarters at Tungchow I ership of this powerful general, and when he met picked up on the general's table a copy of the in the large family of children several orphans Bible. Its pages were heavily marked and lined.

who had been affectionately adopted into the home Verse after verse was emphasized in one way or in which they were receiving, not the abuse of another. A few moments later in another room slaves, but all the privileges of sons and daugh- I opened another Bible which showed the same ters, there stirred within his heart· a desire to signs of persistent scrutiny. When the matter share in that sort of Christian life. was mentioned to my host on his return from the The Defense Commissioner has now passed barracks he explained, "Without spending hours from the political stage and lives in quiet retire- each day in Bible study I could not carry the load ment at Kiukiang, still trying in every way he of heavy responsibility entrusted to me."

OASES IN THE GOOD EARTH

A few months ago at an appreciation dinner and the apostles had been degraded to the level given in his honor by Christian organizations in of the filthiest novels and obscene pamphlets Shanghai, General Chang Chih-chiang was pre- which till then largely held the field of vernacular sented a large family Bible and a framed certifi- writings. How different the attitude today! cate of honorary life membership in the Ameri- China's literary leaders now offer their tribute to can Bible Society. One of his chaplains made this the work of these foreigners who were most ably statement: "Through all these years I have never assisted by their Chinese colleagues. Dr. Hu known a day to pass when the general did not Shih has more than once praised the style of the find time to study his Bible. Whether on the bat- Union Version Mandarin Bible. Dr. Tsai Yuantlefield, or in the long weary marches through pei has given it as his opinion that Christianity's Mongolia, or in the midst of pressing duties of greatest contribution to China has been made in civil life, always he has found time for this form opening the way to popular literacy, chiefly of spiritual nourishment." From the richness of through disseminating the Scriptures in the his own experience he has donated thousands of spoken language of four hundred million people. Bibles and Testaments to personal and official In several dialect regions the colloquial Bibles friends, earnestly praying that to them as to him it might become a source of real blessing. GENERAL CHANG CHIH-CIDANG For more than a hundred years Christianity virtually created the written language and are has been contributing to the change and the en- recognized by students of philology as the standrichment of Chinese life through the circulation ard work in these fields. of the Scriptures. The American Bible Society, in its story of a century of work among the Chi- What all of this has done to the life of the nese, reports a circulation of approximately sev- nation is too long a story, even if it could be told. enty million copies. The British and Foreign It is of real significance that Bible translation and Bible Society began its work several years earlier distribution now makes it possible to reach diand has labored even more widely; and the Na- rectlya large part of China's vast population with tional Bible Society of Scotland and other organ- the Gospel message. Each year from ten to fifizations have added very largely to this growing teen million copies of Christian Scriptures are stream of religious influence. finding their way into the hands of Chinese read- ers, with the endorsement of their own leaders as A volume might well be written on what this "the greatest classic under heaven." The revolucirculation of the Bible has done for the language tion which has followed in the lives of thousands and literature of the Chinese people. The story of individuals and scores of communities is an inof the Bible in the Reformation of Europe, or of evitable result. the Tyndale translation made with a view to familiarizing even the humblest ploughboy with the sacred writings, is very familiar. Some day a no less thrilling romance may be told to show the influence of the Bible on the transformation of China. Last year Madame Chiang Kai-shek graciously accepted for herself and her distinguished husband copies of the Bible with this reference to her father, Mr. Soong, whose printing press years ago was largely patronized by the Bible Society: "My father established his press in Shanghai to print the revolutionary writings of Dr. Sun Yatsen when no one else dared to publish them. But he published not only Dr. Sun's works. On his press were printed also many thousands of copies of the messages of Jesus Christ, the world's greatest revolutionist."

The literary form in which these messages were published proved also to be revolutionary. When evangelistic zeal drove Bishop Schereschewsky and other missionary translators to put the Bible into the vernacular Chinese-the Mandarin and the colloquial dialects-the fruit of their labors was hailed with derision and protest. It was charged that the sacred writings of the prophets

Obstacles in

By the REV. WM. H. GLEYSTEEN, Peiping, China Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, V. S. A.

SOME wonder whether, with all the complex their influence through their organization. Choice, organization on the mission field, the most rather than compulsion, is the keynote. central need, namely, that of making Christ The Church in China is very much concerned really known, is at the center of the program. with Christian universities. It would be fatal, in Have we sufficient glow in our faith in Jesus an age so largely humanistic, for the youth of the Cb:rist, in His teaching, person and Way of Life Chinese Church who attend the university, to to.make us daily grateful for God's gift, and eager have to do their thinking in science, economics, to share with others this radi- philosophy, and history under alit faith? a the i s tic professors. The iInstitutions are meant to be Not all the obstacles to Chris- Christian university is price- tools for the master workman. tian progress in China are due less to the Church, but it is es- They are of use only if they to ignorance, poverty, revolu- sential that its universities be- enable him to realize his pur- tions, banditry, communism come fewer and better and pose. If he becomes hampered and idolatry. Some are due powerfully staffed with Chris- by the organization, then his to faulty missionary methods, tian professors who will adorn power is weakened by it. The mmChiesrssissiaotg.nearMieosrr. wGtihtlheeoyustStepaenirG,itowsphoeofl the class-room as truly as any most moving power in Christi- Christian preacher adorns the anity, outside of Jesus himself, has been twenty-five years in pulpit. We need an uncompro- is the individual Christian China, gives us a view of ·how mising Christianity in our preacher, scholar, merchant, these obstacles are being over- schools, and this may be farmer, artisan, housemaid, fa- come. achieved even with the restric- ther or mother. This is where tions which registration of the Holy Spirit of God resides schools with the government and operates. If the Holy Spirit resides in an insti- has placed upon them.

tution, it is only because He resides in the individ- The Church in America and Europe should send uals in it. Hence it is imperative that the Christian out youth in whom mingles the passionate love of must continue to function. There are not as many learning with the passionate love of Christ; let fiaming evangelists in the world as there should them go to the Christian colleges and universities be, and they are especially needed in Christian in- of China, work hand in hand with an increasing stitutions. The Christian leaders in these institu- number of choice Chinese Christian scholars. This tions must be free and determined to accomplish contribution to the Church will be second to none their great purpose through the organization. in all the land. The scholar class in China is still There is a girls' school in Central China, with her most promising and powerful group. Is approximately one hundred and fifty students. Christianity unable to grapple with this problem?

Ten American missionaries are giving themselves Does not her spirit .rise within her as she con- to this piece of work. Some are teachers of Bible fronts this opportunity?

and conduct worship; others are teachers of Eng- Then there are the Christian secondary schools.

lish and history and physical directors. These A few years ago, before Government registration, ten women and their Chinese colleagues, all focus all the students used to file into chapel every their lives on their students. Christianity to them morning, and most of the students took Bible is more than a creed and ritual, it runs through- courses. These were considered happy days by out the entire school life. The Church which many educators. But many of the Chinese lead- operates this school finds not only that the girls ers who were themselves students in those "happy become Christians, but also that when church days" are quite as certain that the method was leaders are needed, this is the best place to find not good for the cause of Christ in China. In our them. These Christian teachers have multiplied own school in Peiping, three hundred fine lads and [606 ] young men came to chapel regularly, but we knew, China is the conclusion to which many thoughtespecially in recent years, that this is not the way ful Chinese have come that Europe and America to a young man's heart and head'. Now the same are not measuring up favorably to the teachings institution has a beautiful chapel, the most at- of Jesus. In 1924 the Student Volunteer Movetractive room in the building. It overlooks the ment sensed clearly that the race problem in hills to the east and the west of Peiping, and such America and economic injustice were so menacing students and teachers as may desire, come to this that unless quickly remedied, they would cut the quiet upper room for worship. There is not a nerve of the Church in its missionary efforts. more worshipful service held in any of our Americans and Europeans cannot say to China. churches in Peiping than is held in this chapel. "Look at Jesus, do not look at us; listen to His In the final analysis, have we more faith in com- teachings on peace, do not pay attention to our pulsion than in the drawing power of Jesus armaments; read the Sermon on the Mount, do Christ? That, ancient summons "Come follow not consider our factory system." The fact is that me" still has its power. Christianity has one sure the Great War with its wanton destruction of life, guaranty that it will never lack devotees, and that and the hypocrisy which led the warring nations is the drawing power of Christ when He is "lifted each to pray for success, rather than a spirit of up." understanding and forgiveness, disillusioned the Orient as to the influence of Christ upon the West. If a teacher in a mission school really believes It has been said by not a few that Christianity that Jesus is the Way, the Truth, the Life, even has not even been tried in the West. The fact is though he may not be free to discuss religion in that Christianity has not been applied to certain the classroom, his influence with his students areas of our social, economic and national life. will be in proportion to the love of Christ in his Our sins are finding us out. We must repent, or heart. The door of opportunity will' be wide we will find that our missionary force is spent. open. As Emerson said, if he has something to give which the world needs, a path will be worn Wu T'ing-fan, formerly Chinese Minister to to his doorstep. Winning men to Christ is largely Washington, said that he became a Christian as by personal approach to the will. In our mission a young man, but that he had returned to Conschools there should be an adequate staff not only fucianism as a more practicable religion. He for teaching, but also to give the Christian teach- thought Christianity too idealistic, too remote from the possible. Martin Luther did not feel disers time to win their students to Christ. mayed when he saw the Church and the priest- There is a Christian Fellowship in the Peiping hood corrupt and worldly-minded. He discovered and applied the dynamic in religion, the power of school. Two years ago, when the new term which we still feel. Shall we do less in such an opened, the members came together. We num- hour as the present? bered only forty-one, for the senior members had just graduated. As we were about to tackle the The missionary is not always the kind of man problems for the coming year, the Principal, a one would expect. Perhaps he has more of the Chinese, got up and said, "The only way to start marks of his civilization upon him than the stigthis year right is for everyone of us to go among mas of Christ which Paul carried about. The his friends, teachers and students, and each one missionary must make it unmistakably clear that to invite one other friend to unite with the Fel- he is dealing with vital experiences, and that he is lowship at the very beginning of the year." This an apostle of faith, hope, and love to the people was readily agreed to. One week later when we to whom he is accredited. These testify of Christ; met again, not one member failed to bring a friend these lead men to Christ, for they flow ever fresh with him. There were eighty-two present. It and full from his heart, and are the Living Water was an experience which I shall not soon forget. for which all men thirst. It revealed what purpose and prayer and personal work can accomplish. I went to the finest A situation which is causing strain in Chinese non-Christian student in the school and asked him Christian circles is as follows: Until recently, to become a follower of Christ and to unite with the Chinese Church was largely dominated by the the Fellowship. He asked for time to talk it over missionary. In trying to remedy this evil and to with his family. Later he came sadly and said, give Chinese pastors and workers and the Church "I should like to do so, but my father and mother itself its rightful place, a new menace to progress are opposed and I cannot disregard their wishes." has arisen. The churches are not self-supporting, Another strong young man in the senior class re- and self-propagating so that a new policy is dessponded immediately, "Yes, I am willing and glad perately needed. .Some missionaries feel that the to follow Christ and become a member of the best procedure will be for them to withdraw both Christian Fellowship." financial and missionary aid from these churches so that the fledglings may really learn to soar One obstacle to the progress of Christianity in

aloft. They have a new evangelistic program in When the rich treasures of human thought in which the mission work is generally independent China have been gratefully accepted at their full of the Church. value, the Christian missionary has best prepared The dominance of the mission over the Church the heart of the people for the reception of Jesus is unwise and the Church must in reality be inde- Christ, for He came to fulfill their incomplete- pendent of the mission. Left largely to them- ness, which many of them recognize. One does selves the missionary hopes that these new not find the cross of Christ in ethnic faiths. Nei- churches will avoid that same evil of developing ther does one hear that deep solemn note, "Ye along lines of Western pattern. One may fairly did not choose me but I chose you." One does not ask whether Western missionaries can found find anything comparable to the resurrection.

Christian churches without the cooperation of the Why be troubled over all that is noble in systems Chinese Christian Church. Might not the mis- not Christian? Rather let us believe more vitally sionary better ask the Chinese Church to be al- in Jesus Christ, and try to re-enact his experilowed to cooperate with her in the more extensive as well as immediate program of building the' ences in our own lives. China truly needs Christ. Church of Jesus Christ? The evils' of the past must not be repeated, but it must also be made There is in China a Church of Christ, composed clear that the mission is not a rival to the Chris- of several denominations, with over one-third of tian churches already existing. The missionary the Protestant Christians within its fold. One from the West can still make a spiritual contri- would not attempt to force the matter of union, bution to the more or less inarticulate Church of but the impression made on thoughtful Chinese the East. One does not need to develop this thesis by the great heterogeneity of Christian denomi- nationalism is distinctly unfortunate. A Christihere. anity which exalts division among followers of Christ, in a country where communism is making A wise Chinese Christian once remarked to the headway and where atheism is not uncommon, is writer: "Many of you missionaries seem to under- not apt to make a deep impression. Christian go a harmful change when you go home on fur- cooperation has added to the strength and dignity lough. When you first come to China you treat and power of appeal in the missionary message. us with great deference and affection. You have faith in us. We Chinese know full well that the There is some fear lest the Chinese Christian facts do not always accord with confidence, but Church become more ethical than religious. A still your fresh and living hope and your respect minister in America said to a Chinese student, and love grip our hearts and lead us into realms "I hear that Christianity is more ethical than re- where we have never been before. And then you ligious in your country." "Yes," was the reply, go to America and return to us 'enlightened.' You "that may be true. I have observed that in Amer- are no longer the same. You think you know us ica Christianity is more religious than ethical."

too well now. You become cynical, suspicious, not It is said that the Orient is fast discovering the really friendly. It is true you do know us better moral supremacy of Jesus. It is of great impor- in some of the superficialities of our life, but tance that the Christian Church in India and really you have ceased to know us and to move us. Japan and China relate l'eligion and ethics. The When you first came with your confidence and mystical, moral, and intellectual must be con- love, it was then you knew us most profoundly served and properly related.

and we longed to follow the Christ. Now often The supreme obstacle to the progress of the you antagonize us." How true this principle is! Kingdom of God in China lies in those who claim What trust Jesus reposed in the most unworthy to be His followers and messengers. It is so much persons, Peter for example; and how he won out easier to teach a doctrine than to practice it. Alwith his abiding faith. most everyone can say, "God is love," but how The Chinese sometimes feel that the missionary hard it is to manifest it in life; and yet, does any gives them what he wants to give rather than one suppose that by reiteration of this doctrine what the people most need, and what would best the hearts of men are changed? The missionary lead them to Christ. The missionary must offer must delight to follow the Master in his own liv- the Bread of Life, but he will be wise to move ing, and his heart must be aglow with joy and along the felt needs of the people and will surely gratitude to God for his unspeakable Gift. The come to the profoundest need of all., Teaching Christian often has cast a shadow upon Christ, English often discloses an attitude of service that but He is invincible, and the measure in which He is most compelling and leads students to inquire is allowed to have His way in the Church of the as to the sources of strength of this teacher's life. West will be the measure of the gift of the mis- Thus they are led into the presence of God. sionary from that Church to China.

Ways of

'fested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~,—====~-===-====-===–==–,~ SEASONAL PLANS A Look Into December dressed as angels, sing carols A Thank-offering Across the Where can the missionary responsively and read passages of Scripture referring to the Sea mood and motive be more at first Christmas; one or more brief talks are given on Holiday The Edinburgh Medical Mis- home than in the month wherein celebrations on the Home and sion Quarterly tells of a new Foreign fields of your denomiventure-a Thank-offering Day, we observe the birthday anni- nation, arranging them in geoin place of the customary sale versary of the author of The graphical rotation to follow the of work, in their Junior Auxili- Great Commission? The follow- sunrise around the earth; a ary. ing suggestions will be found tree ablaze with lights receives the gifts of the guests for some Acceptances for an "At adapt,able to various depart- definite missionary objective. Home" in a large hall were so numerous that the seating ac- ments of church activity. "The Old, Old Story." (1) commodations had to be in- A Christmas Manger Service. In Song: Begin by having concreased to the limit. Upon en- At the morning service on the Sunday before Christmas, a special program is rendered af- fording opportunity for all tering the hall, surprising classes to bring gifts for those gregation sing, as the request, scenes greeted the guests-an less fortunate than themselves, "Tell Me the Old, Old Story." African Hut, an Indian Bazaar, as well as a missionary offering Follow this by having one verse a Palestine Well, a Chinese for some designated object, all each of hymns in which the first Room and other attractions. these being placed in an impro- Christmas is described or -re- Members of the Auxiliary, in vised manger at the foot of the ferred to, by various persons appropriate costumes, took pulpit. who answer this request. This charge of the exhibits. The most A Good Christmas Program. may be done by a group behind delightful feature of the after- The roll call may bring re- the scenes, or by individuals noon was the reception of the sponses with Christmas quota- rising as if spontaneously in thank-offerings by a lad and a tions ; the devotional service various parts of the audience lass costumed to represent doc- may include a talk on "The (very effective), or by one tor and nurse, seated in front Birthday of the King," Scrip- woman if the musical resources of a large illustrated poster and ture passages, hymns and com- of the audience are limited. with a tray between them on ments; the special music com- Close this feature by congregawhich the gifts were to be posed of carols. From a huge tional singing of "0 Come, All placed. Later they headed a col- red muslin Christmas stocking, Ye Faithful". orful procession of Africans, hung up at the front, each per- (2) From the Book: Cut a Indians, Palestinians and Chi- son pulls out some part of the number of stars from pastenese as they passed up the hall ensuing program-letters from board, write on one side a to present the offering, salaam- missionaries telling of past cel- Scripture verse referring to the ing to the platform party after ebrations on their fields; one or Nativity, and tie a tiny green the special fashion of their re- two short Christmas stories; a candle to the other side. Darken spective countries. After a de- scrap book with a Christmas-y the room where possible. Have lightful tea, missionary officials cover and containing pictures the leader read her star-verse by and workers accepted and dedi- of Christmas celebrations and the light of its own candle cated the money and an address scenes cut from past December which she has lighted from a was given on "Pain, Its Problem numbers of THE REVIEW or Christ-candle on the table, then and Its Place in Life." Music denominational magazines; sev- nass the light on to the next was interspersed throughout the eral four-minute talks on woman's candle so that she may afternoon. Christmas in non-Christian read her verse, and so on until And now for the sequel: De- lands; an appropriate solo for a all the passages have been ren- spite the depression, the amount special singer; a tiny Perry Pic-_ dered. of this voluntary thank-offering ture of The Nativity for each (3) In China: Any other exceeded that from the sale of one present. country or group of countries work in the average of the past "Around the World with may be substituted, but China five years by £185! Christmas." A sextette of girls, is most appropriate in view of [609 ]

the study topic for this year…. ceive relief from friendly for- Hymn: "When I Survey the Live, concrete subject matter eigners; (c) Policy of soup Wondrous Cross."* should be handled by a good kitchen unwise. Chinese speaker. At its ~lose, have some one sing softly, "As with Glad- should receive aid which will VALUE OF LIVING LINKS ness Men of Old," the congrega- preserve stamina and morale tion finally marching past a of community. Digging of "Our plan for teaching mistree, manger or othe~ appropri- wells in past is a sample of sions has paid good dividends," ate receptacle for missionary sort of relief needed; (d) Ir- says the Rev. Frederick W. offerings as they sing heartily, rigation projects to help Backmeyer, pastor of the First "Joy to the World". large areas; (e) Motor roads Presbyterian Church of Gary, will help; (f) Properly man- Indiana. "In the beginning we Carrying Christmas to the aged, much money can be had a double motive. We want- Shut-ins. The Courtesy Com- raised in China for relief; ed our people to know our mismittee, Extension Department (g) With care and preven- sionaries and we wished to or other appropriate body in tive measures future famines vitalize our mid-week services. your church arranges to enliven may be avoided. The manse was opened on the sick rooms of invalids with 6. Hymn: "Break Thou the Wednesday evenings to groups tiny decorated trees suitable for Bread of Life." of forty or fifty persons, invited implanting in flower pots, a alphabetically. A special card group of young people singing Fitting the Eyes (Chapter IV) was sent out, neatly printed, carols at each place. Messages and in the year's time every one of love from absent friends, the Room fitted with charts, chair of the almost fifteen hundred individual's Sunday school class, and table as in oculists's office. members was reached." the missionary society or other Impersonator of woman doctor suitable group, may be neatly presents material in chapter to The plan, as explained by the two patients, one suffering from pastor, included a brief devo- written on tiny cards and at- eyes of Ignorance, the other tional service and special music, tached to the trees as gifts. from Indolence. First is cured by Informational glasses and followed by a social hour. A missionary was introduced for PROGRAMS ON second by Inspirational ones. an informative, heart-warming "LADY FOURTH DAUGHTER First patient can see China but talk. By scanning the itiner- only in peculiar way-much aries of those at home on fur- OF CHINA" farther away than it really is. lough and arranging a schedule She is particularly distressed weeks in advance, it was possible Chinese Witnesses (Chapter III) 1. Women witnesses sharing in about medical missions, thinks to have the church folk get acthe new social order. (pp. she sees clearly enough to know quainted with the workers in a 85-89.) that her denomination is doing home atmosphere-a very con- 2. Poverty in China with which too much of that work in China. siderable advantage.

Christian witnesses must She does not see why we do not "The fact that these were not deal. insist on their government at- church meetings gave the visit- (a) Struggle for exist- tending to it all. The doctor ing missionary an opportunity to ence. (pp. 89-94.) gives her diagnosis-terrible win individuals who would have (b) Politics. (pp.94-96.) disease called Ignorance. Shock been indifferent elsewhere. For (c) Sun Yat Sen's princi- and grief on part of patient. the listeners these talks had all ples. (pp. 96, 97.) Doctor tries on some glasses the effect of a personal touch.

(d) The Church and pov- and has her read something in Knowing the missionary they erty. (pp.97-111.) text. (Cover material on pp. wanted to know about his field.

3. Spiritual transformation. 115-138.) Patient's eyesight im- They asked questions. They re- (pp. 112, 113.) proves and she sees some things membered what the missionary 4. China today. See story of for herself. told them. To them -it was in- Mabel Lee, a Chinese wit- Second patient shows bad formation-news. They could ness in America, in Literary . case of Indolent eyes. Does not repeat to others what they had Digest for March 5, 1932, or know that the Chinese are learned from one who was actother down-to-date material bending every energy to get out ually engaged in the work. The of Salt Marsh of Ignorance, be- congregation, as a result of on topic. 5. China Famine Relief, U. S. cause her eyes are too lazy to these group meetings, became A., after careful study, laid look. The doctor dishes up In- more and more interested in the down these beliefs regard- spirational medicine (from pp. missionary work of our denoming economic situation: (a) 138-158). Patient at last gets ination, and the entire program Primary responsibility must up· energy to look; does not of Christian missions had a new rest on the Chinese people; want to stop looking; then she meaning for them." gives. When the second year opened, (b) Chinese need should re- China Today: Inspirational the meetings had to be taken to * Remaining program by Anna Canada the church because the manse talk on "The Great Physician could no longer contain them. Swain, as published by the Baptist Board of in China Today". Education. in next issue.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

A dinner was instituted. The the life and w<?rk of great mis- are discussed with the children and definite prayers are offered membership was divided into sionaries. groups which, in turn, provided Have a large poster sheet for on the basis of specific needs and served the meals. Twenty- each country to be studied, with shown in previous lessons. This five cents per plate was charged names lettered across the top- series, carried through sevento take care of the "overhead" "China," "Africa," etc. Place teen sessions of a Junior Chrisand to pay for the kitchen serv- these at the front of the room tian Endeavor, was described in ice so that the entire member- where all may read the inscrip- Women and Missions, of the ship might be included in the tions easily. As each child se- Presbyterian Board.

meeting. From an estimated lects the poster which repre- Books of Friendship seventy-five to one hundred, the sents such designations as those attendance grew up to two hun- below, he may stand at the These were made for the pur~ dred per night. front of the room and hold it: pose of interesting children con- This plan has been in use for "In the Dark Continent, our mis- cretely in missions–something three years and is still "going sionaries tell the story of Jesus, the the children might make for strong." Not only have the Light of the world"; themselves. The synthetic books church folk learned to know were headed: "When you come and love the missionaries, but "In the land of more boys and girls to see us," the idea being to than any other in the world, our misthose workers themselves get a sionaries are working while we are heart-warming, helpful reaction sleeping and sleeping while we are show what children of other from the church. When it occa- playing-;-all to tell those boys and lands would see if they visited sionally proves impossible to se- girls that Jesus loves them"; ours. The pictures included cure a missionary, a stereopti- those of the Goddess of Liberty, "In the land of a million idols, our con address on some field whose missionaries tell the people of that missionaries are already known land that God wants their hearts for the children themselves, their or are soon to visit the church His temple"; houses, streets, churches, etc. is profitably substituted. One of Thus was the World Friendship "In the land of flowers and parasols and pretty kimonos, the missionaries Contest born in the state of Pennsylvania, in the plans of are telling about Christ"; "In the land of jumping beans"

the best features of this plan . ';In' th~ land of jungles and golden the Children's Synodical Secreis its linking up with the prayer tary and the Young People's temples" . . . ; Secretary (Presbyterian) for life. On Sunday mornings and "In the land where Jesus Himself that commonwealth. It visual- Wednesday evenings, names of once walked" . . . etc.

missionaries for whom prayer When each poster has been izes imaginary visits of children is to be offered are read. "In claimed and all are lined up, of different foreign mission staour church," concludes the pas- sing "We've a Story to Tell to tions upon coming to America, tor, "the whole missionary pro- the Nations," and repeat, "Pray or of those in home mission stagram is a living issue. This ye, therefore, the Lord of the tions, coming to the community solves any problem of benevo- harvest," etc. Then suggest sub- in which the book-makers live. lent quotas."* jects for sentence prayers. Ask Leading questions are: the children to bring pictures Missionary Poster Studies of boys and girls of different To whom would you introduce countries to be classified, selec- them? The purpose is to. study the Where would you take them?

children's foreign mission ob- tions made and pasted on the What would you show them?

jectives. The aims of the post- posters. Then letter names of These books are entered in a ers are to create interest in the at least one missionary for each competition by their makers. countries where stations for ju- station, and as the children se- The rules require them all to be niors' benevolences are located; lect the corresponding posters of medium size-eight by ten to keep the people before the from such descriptions as the inches; all the work is to be children; to familiarize juniors following, they are allowed to done by the children. These with the names of stations and paste the right name on each books are sent in to headquartypes of work; to acquaint them poster and offer sentence pray- ters, each one accompanied by a with at least one missionary at ers for a blessing on the work- letter written by its maker to each station so that prayer may ers. For example, "Mrs. J- the imaginary child of the stabecome more definite; to lay the B- is the name of the mission- tion he had ih mind. After the foundations for confidence in ary who is taking the Gospel to announcements of the awards, the effectiveness of prayer by the Dark Continent. On which one book is sent to each station teaching Bible passages that poster shall we paste her it designates, inscribed with definitely state the necessity for name?" data concerning the junior prayer and the promise of its At subsequent sessions, have . group sending it. What are answer; to stimulate interest in a story told for each of the other states doing to introduce posters, life stories of mission- their juniors to young folks of • Copyright, The Duplex Envelope· Co., Rich- other races at home and mond. Virginia. Abridged. aries like Livingstone, Morri- t Adapted from Women and Missi""",. son, Carey, etc. These stories abroad?t The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'===============I~ THE NEW DAY HAS COME A Report of the World Day of Prayer, February 12, 1932 In these troubled times "more changes are wrought by prayer" than hurrying worried persons will believe. The source of endurance of many stalwart souls, courageous today for themselves and others is the same as with the Psaimist of old who sang of the help which came from "the Lord who made heaven and earth."

It is also true as someone said but yesterday, that "one does not stop the mouths of lions or of gossips and critics by argument, but by de"Inonstra- tion." The observance of the World Day of Prayer in Febru- ary, 1932, was a great demon- stration of the growing world afenldlowinshisphairningfaigthoo, dinnepwrsa,year~ WORLD DAY OF PRAYER MEETING AT WEIHSIEN, SHANTUNG well as earthly goods. the new day. February the Rico opened its doors that stu- "But the time is coming, it dents of any faith might unite has come already, when the real twelfth had been announced as with the Christian women of worshippers will worship the the Women's Day of Prayer in the world on this, their Day of Father in Spirit and in reality; Prayer. The program had been for these are the worshippers the vernacular mission paper. prepared by India and Old Mexthat the Father wants. God is It was an unheard of thing that ico. And Spanish voices bathed Spirit, and his worshippers must women should conduct prayer the shores of heaven with wave worship Him in Spirit and in meetings on their own initia- after wave of prayer for China; reality." (John 4 :23-24 Moffatt tive. In some cases, the native for the Disarmament Confer- Translation. ) ministers conducted the meet- ence now in session; for ex- ings. In one village the young ploited peoples; for cleansing Both the spirit and the real- men prepared refreshments for from all race prejudice; and for ity of the services held around the women-a strange reversal Christians everywhere 'that the world last February are of the usual order of things. . . they all may be one.' Every day evident in the nigh two thou- The Fijian women had a soul brings us closer. United, by sea sand reports received at the stirring time. They all felt that and cable, by radio aRd air; and Council headquarters. We know a new day had dawned for the now today it is by the mystery that many groups did not re- women of Fiji"-thus word of prayer. No use pretendingport to us. One scarcely knows came from Daviulevu, Fiji. our world has changed, and we how best to select from the in- pray for a cosmic consciousspiring accounts in order to And from Rio Piedras, Puer- ness; for Christian love infinite give a clear picture of the ex- to Rico, came the message now enough to keep up with the tent and significance of the ob- . echoing round the world, "Love aeroplane and the radio." servance of the Day of Prayer. from these palmy isles to the women of the world. It is only In Other Lands The Isles of the Sea on paper that we are divided. In the Belgian Congo, Wil- T.hi.s tropic sea must no longer dIvIde us. It must unite us with the ends of the earth. Today, "The day-line runs right February 12, 1932, a church helma J aggard, the missionary through Fiji; so we begin near the University of Puerto was called to the meeting for [612 ]

1932J BULLETIN OF COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

prayer and praise at 5 :00 A.M., "over the combination of prayer money we told them to bring "although we had announced and food" planned for the same anything they had and we the meeting for the time when day. Many were the opinions would buy it from them. So the break of day awakens the pro and con, but the results they came with baskets of corn, birds which we hear sing usual- justified the combination. "The beans, corn meal, eggs, chick- ly at 5 :20 A.M. I found the women gathered at half-past ens, and a few brought money.

church well filled with men, ten at our house," wrote the We had several baskets and women, boys, and girls; and missionary. "There was a spirit boxes to hold these things but they lingered until 6 :30 in of deep concentration in the soon had to send out for sacks. prayer and worshipful hymns. meeting that day; the prayers When we had counted and There were 438 at the meeting were earnest and clearly measured everything we found and they went forth to invite thought out. One stranger gave they had brought gifts worth their friends to another prayer a remarkable testimony con- just ten dollars. Now I know service at the regular meeting cerning her conversion by one that ten dollars from a group of the Christian Endeavor at of the women of our little of two hundred and sixty wom- prayer group. She made us en does not seem much to you at 7 :00 P.M." In Persia, Rabi Lucy Shabag, realize the comfort of a religion home, but when you consider the wife of the Assyrian pas- that the weekly Sunday offering tor, was "the moving spirit in of about 500 people scarcely Kermanshah's first observance averages one dollar you can see of the Day of Prayer. Years how well they did do. During the ago when she was a school girl three services, two in the morn- in West Persia, one of the mis- ing and one in the afternoon, sionaries had arranged a local seventy-four prayers were of- day of prayer. Rabi Lucy never fered. During the first service forgot it, and the idea of a the women were rather hesitant World Day of Prayer thrilled about praying."

her. There were well over a hundred women at both the In Canada and at Home morning and afternoon services FIJIAN WOMEN GOING TO WORLD DAY "In Canada this year it is which she planned. At the close OF PRAYER MEETING certain that very many more of the services several women communities participated than asked that a kind of 'cottage of love. 'We are happy until ever before, and here and there prayer meeting' be arranged now thinking about it,' they say throughout Canada little groups where women living on one of isolated women, five or ten in street would meet weekly in number, met in homes, and here to me each Sunday." and there one woman followed From Angola, Portuguese the program through quite West Africa, we learn that the alone. This year with a program program "Hold F a s t in specially adapted for their use, Prayer" was translated into the scores of young women's groups, native language, Umbundu. The Sunday school classes, and Can- women came from eleven vil- ada Girls in Training groups lages nearby, Missao de Chiles- held their meetings-all follow- so, Caundi, Andulo, Lobito, An- ing, as far as we know, all de- gola (the address given) so nominational gatherings. On the that "the women could make Indian Reserve, Manitoba, men WORLD DAY OF PRAYER GROUP AT the trip and return home again came as well as women. The AI.EPPO. SYRIA the same day. Another year we prayer for peace rests too in the different homes 'to learn to shall give a general invitation heart of the Red Man." pray'." When the report was to all of our outstation women," The offerings have been more written such meetings had al- wrote Mrs. D. V. WaIn. She generous than ever-Christian ready been held. One is remind- continues in the same letter, literature for non-Christian ed of the disciples' request, "We were pleased with an at- lands was particularly cared "Lord, teach us to pray." What tendance of two hundred and for. The report says that there miracles might be achieved if sixty-one women and girls-the was "especial joy in the amount wherever Christians meet on youngest was a week-old baby. we were able to give to China, the Day of Prayer, they would He came on his mother's back since the loss in manuscript and resolve to continue steadfast just the same as his older and . equipment of the Commercial and grow in their prayer life. livelier cousins. We told the Press there, due to the recent From Aleppo, Syria, comes a women that an offering would military activities, has been incharming story that one of the be taken but knowing how diffi- calculable." The Kingdom of church elders shook his head cult it is for them to get any God Movement in Japan, and

Japanese Christian literature ings-one held by the young for so long that pea~e should were likewise cared for. people, one by women, and one come to the world and that In the U. S. A., cities and by the Negro Christians. In Japan be one of the nations to help establish peace, that we towns in forty-four states, Ha- Winnebago, Nebraska, Indian have no peace." waii, the Philippines, and the and white women met the sec- When in December, Mrs. C. District of Columbia, considered C. Chen of Shanghai, sent to ond year for meditation, praise, the American Committee for what it means to "Hold Fast in the World Day of Prayer the and prayer. "A small group as program which she had pre- Prayer." A student in the Ag- pared for us all to use in 1933, compared with meetings held in she wrote, "It is a very simple ricultural College, Laguna, P. I., program. The prayers are my where sixty college boys united larger places, but the spirit of own daily ones . . . China is in trouble. The troubles come one in the service of meditation and devotion, the earnestness of the after another. There is potent prayer, said that he appreciated power, intelligence, and energy being the one to offer the prayers, the sense of standing in the Chinese, but at present it prayer for "the churches in does not seem that we are using America." Some one from Uni- in the very presence of God it in the right way. I believe it versity City, .Missouri, gave as is due to the fact that we have her impression after the meet- were indeed great." American not enough Christ-like men and ing there, that "six hundred women to handle the present women in silent prayer gives Indian women ,prayed for wom- situation. Pray for us." spiritual power to each one present beyond words to meas- en in India, China, Japan, Af- ANNE SEESHOLTZ. ure." One place in North Carolina reported that "All the rica, and they knew that women NOT ONE DAY ONLY women of our town five miles away united in the service." in other countries were praying Not alone by word of mouth, "The Salvation Army attended dear Lord, this year," was the news from for-all one in Christ Jesus. a town in New York. From a Would I give thanks today- Kentucky town we hear "of the "So we were quite interna- My brothers and my sisters great difficulty beginning the Day of Prayer four years ago tional, interraCial, and interde- walk with me Along the broad highway; and today (1932) it is well es- nominational," was the concludtablished on a high plane." Ac- They are thy children also, cording to our records Penn- ing statement in the account of sylvania led with reports from union services in Philadelphia i n w h i c h "Episcopalians, Friends, Mennonites, Naza- renes, members of the Church of our Brethren, Lutherans, Presbyterians, Methodists, Bap- tists, and members of the Re- formed Church joined in wor- ship. There were also some for- eign-language churches partici- pating." . .

The Next Observance 380 places; New York, 201; Il- In preparing for the observ- Lord, and I linois, 138; Ohio, 128; and so on ance of the annual World Day Cannot be clothed and fed, with a total of 1,836 places at of Prayer March 3, 1933, it is Then kneel apart to thank thee the last counting. Some states well for Christians everywhere while they go sent in fewer reports this last to remember our Lord's com- Their way uncomforted. year. Whether or not this means a lapse in observing the mand that we love one another I cannot thank thee only with my mouth, day, is not certain. The fact even as He loved us. In the Far East, Christians are troubled My heart and hands must that February 12th was a na- share· tional holiday and also that in because their governments are some parts of the country bliz- In service, and thus prove my hostile to each other. Last Feb- ruary in Tokyo, Japanese wom- gratitude zards and wind storms made en planned for morning and For thy great love and care. roads impassable may have re- afternoon sessions. A missionduced the number. However, women from Iowa, Nebraska, ary writes, "Coming together I would be kind-for there is so as they did not long after the much need and the Dakotas wrote that outbreak of the Shanghai Of kindness every day; when the weather made impos- trouble I was interested in the I would be wise-Oh, wiser sible going to town to the Union women's reactions to that ques- than I am; Services, they observed the day tion and the Manchurian one. Lord, make me wise, I pray. in their homes. "We shall not They faced the issue squarely expect a blizzard as late as and devoted a good part of the Not alone by word of mouth, March third," was written dear Lord, hopefully from North Dakota. morning to talks about it, and a long prayer service." One Jap- American men and women, anese woman said in a personal But that I too shall give, Not only on this one day set young and old, and children as conversation, "I can't sleep at apart, . well, kept the first Friday in night thinking of the whole Lent for prayer together. Ter- matter, and wondering why But every day I live. -Grace Noll Crowell. rill, Texas, reported three meet- when so many of us have prayed

AMERICA that Bolivian rights have been St. Paul's Cathedral fdr

Destruction in Puerto Rico violated, and her forts attacked. Church in India.

For the second time in four The war fever has run high in This outreach of Christian years Puerto Rico has heen visited by an intense tropical hur- both states. Forces are mobil- friendship, amid international ricane. The storm of September 26 this year wrought its worst ized and ardent youths demand- suspicion, carries with it the destruction in the populous districts of the island surrounding ed arms that they may rush to promise of fresh hope and love the capital, San Juan. The Roman Catholic Missions suffered the defense of their country's to the churches and through severely and the Presbyterian and other evangelical missions honor. The United States united them to the peoples of India. doing work in the eastern and northeastern part of the island with four South American gov- The following compose the miswill require funds for relief and for extensive repairs to their ernments in asking Bolivia (1) sion: property. Every mission is making an effort to respond to the for a suspension of hostilities The Right Rev. J. S. C. Banappeal of Governor Beverley for aid. Over two hundred peo- and (2) for immediate negotia- nerji, B.A., Assistant Bishop of ple are reported killed, one thousand injured, fifty thousand tion with Paraguay for the sub- Lahore (leader); the Rev. A. or more homeless, acres of coffee trees ruined and many mission of the controversy for RaIla Ram, B.A., Secretary of sugar plantations destroyed. The island was just recovering settlement by arbitration. Later the Student Christian Associafrom the effects of the storm of 1928. This coffee crop which nineteen American states united tion of India and a leader in the was just ready for harvest is ruined. Dr. W. R. Galbreath of in a similar protest, but peace United Church of Northern Inthe Presbyterian Hospital at San Juan reports serious dam- has not yet been established. dia; Daw Nyein Tha, B.A., age to the nurses' and doctors' residences. Japanese in Brazil Headmistress of the Morton Lane Girls' High School, Moul- The Chaco Conflict Scattered over the coffee plan- mein, Burma, and one of the Bolivia is a small country and tations of Sao Paulo are two leaders of the evangelistic Paraguay even smaller, the one hundred or more colonies of movement recently carried on with about 3,000,000 inhabit- Japanese, ranging from small by students in India and Burants and the other less than a groups of only a few families ma; and Mr. A. M. Varki, M.A., million. A dispute between to large settlements of a thou- LL.B., Principal of the Union them over the sovereignty of sand families, and aggregating Christian College, Alwaye, Trathe rich, undeveloped Chaco 25,000 families. In 1923, Rev. vancore, the only Christian colarea became so bitter that other J. Yasoji Ito, Episcopal mis- lege in India founded. controlled governments laid restraining sionary, undertook single-hand- and directed by Indian Chrishands upon the contestants, and ed to evangelize these colonists tians. put the world's peace machinery to a test. Paraguay's protest is and since then friends and helpsimilar to that of China against ers have come to his assistance. British Church Cooperation Japan in the Manchurian case, and the attitude of Bolivia is His present parish is seven hun- At the recent General Assemnot unlike Japan's. She claims dred miles long and extends bly of the Church of Scotland, that Paraguay is the aggressor, from Iguape, south of Santos, held in Edinburgh, the Arch- through Sao Paulo, and five bishop of Canterbury came to hundred miles west. To reach support the renewed invitation the twenty stations, where the addressed by him as president Gospel is now preached, takes of the Lambeth Conference to one month by train, steamer, the Church of Scotland to enter horseback, wagon and afoot. into unrestricted conference. These stations have 507 bap- The purpose of the conference tized members. Two churches is not immediate union, but is have been built and ten mission to map out a way by which that stations established. may ultimately be reached. The Archbishop maintained that EUROPE there is no such value in mere Mission of Fellowship identity of government as would make it worth while to face the Four Indian missioners have difficulties of history, law, char- arrived in Great Britain to un-· acter and of sentiment; and dertake a work of creating fel- there is no reason why the two lowship. The visit will conclude ecclesiastical bodies should not with a thanksgiving service in continue to be autonomous. The [615 ]

ideal which he held up is that Tent Evangelism in Saxony When I got to a group of people each can come into full commu- on the street corner I was stopped and nion with the other, enjoying Returning from 'Saxony, Dr. questioned. They were greatly interan unrestricted inter-commu- R. E. Diffendorfer brings an ac- ested in the message I gave, especially nion among their members and count of the tent campaign car- the Jews. They asked whether I could an unrestricted fellowship of ried on by Dr. Martin Funk give them some of my literature or their ministers. last summer in German cities. even the Book that I held in my hands He pitched his tent on the out- and preached from. Visit to Spain and Portugal skirts of industrial cities and preached Jesus Christ to people There was an old Jew, like a pa- Mr. and Mrs. Ralph C. Nor- more familiar with the Gospel triarch, so I gave him that Testament ton, of the Belgian Gospel Mis- according to Marx. Communists of four Gospels. Then trouble arose. sion, recently visited Spain and came to heckle and debate, and They began to argue and started to Portugal to look into religious throngs came to listen and fight. I left them in a warlike conconditions there. They write sometimes stayed to pray. Herr dition because everyone of them that the British and Foreign Funk gave communist spokes- would like to have a Book of God and Bible Society has been at work men a fair field and has won to search in it for the true Messiah, in Portugal for almost a cen- some great battles in this hand- our Lord Jesus Christ. tury; as a result, converts, go- to-hand fighting. ing to South America, have In the Balkans formed strong churches there. Children Journey to Russia The largest church in Portugal, A new missionary situation numerically, is the Anglican; The Evangelische Pressedi- has arisen in the Balkans. Three the largest congregation is the enst says in the August issue million Moslems in Albania, Presbyterian in Lisbon. The that the communist press is Yugoslavia, Rumania, Greece Brethren have work in 18 cen- again mobilizing the "mass of and Bulgaria, are open as never ters. A significant prison work all proletarian" for the journey before to Christian influencesis conducted in Lisbon and of a delegation into the "prom- especially in Albania. As the Coimbra. There .are approxi- ised land of the Soviet Union." Turks are repudiating Islam, mately 15,000 Protestant adher- This time 175 German children and reviving the traditions of ents in Portugal and her depen- will journey to Russia for a two their pre-Islamic Tatar and Tudencies, Madiera, the Azores months sojourn in "the only ranian civilization, so the Baland Cape Verde; and about land that knows no crisis, in kan peoples are harking back to 3,200 communicants. which there is no unemploy- the i r Christian civilization ment and in which the exploita- which Islam submerged in the In Spain, beside the British tion of children and need is un- early fifteenth century. The and Foreign Bible Society and known." The delegation of chil- Christian missionary would find several independent organiza- dren will be quartered in insti- a desire for teaching which has tions, the leading evengelical tutions where they will live to- been hitherto unknown. Albania groups are the Igelsia Espanola gether with the "liberated chil- wants her children educated, Reformada (Episcopal), the dren of the proletarians." More her women uplifted. Albanian Brethren, several independent than this they will hardly see, women are held in unusual Baptist churches, the Iglesias because a glimpse of the great honor, so that a woman's es- Bautistas, and the Iglesia Evan- sections of misery in the cities cort in the Albanian hills is gelica Espanola, the latter a in which there are yet children more effective to a traveler than federation of Presbyterians, dying by the thousands, would a troop of soldiers. Congregationalists, Lutherans probably work harm to the suand Methodists. Despite the perficial exhibition of the Soviet -World Evangelization. faithful work of all these agen- paradise. cies today there are only from AFRICA five to ten thousand evangelical A City Without Bibles believers in the land out of a Personal Evangelism in population of 23,000,000. Malech, a city in Poland . Cameroun Statistics for Italy about 45 miles from the nearest The students of Dager (Pres- byterian) Bible Seminary of The 1931 census for Italy mission station, has neither West Africa, Cameroun, spent gives 82,500 Protestants in ad- their month's vacation in doing dition to the Waldensians. They Bible nor Christian literature of personal evangelism in the nearembrace Methodists, Baptists, by villages. At a meeting held Adventists and Salvation Army. any kind. A small, Russian to hear reports on this work The Roman Catholic church many interesting stories were registers 41,060,963 members; Greek Orthodox Church has recounted. One worker was while 17,493 declared they were driven from a house by a without religious affiliation. been closed for three years; a heathen with a cutlass in his hand. In one district the peo- Hebrew synagogue may be ple said that they would be saved if the Catholic Father found with a handful of old permitted; the reason they be- came Catholics was because the people in it. A Christian work- etor~aJtaionn Wladysuk, tells in Res- Herald of a visit to this city.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Father allowed them to keep all for the past few months, and istered here, all the helpers and their fetiches and gave them all showed a deep desire to· be- loving givers. Knowing that a building and equipsome of his besides. come Christians. Most of these ment of itself is lifeless and unable The men brought a collection evidence genuine sincerity. This to aid any sufferer, of fetiches and medallions brings the number of accessions We now dedicate ourselves to be the which were surrendered by for the year to ninety or more." humble servants of those who come here in pain and need and seeking those who confessed. When re- Madagascar Slave Girl health, and thus, ports were all in it was discov- We dedicate ourselves to the service of ered that eleven hundred and Fifty years ago a Malagasy God in this place. five had confessed Christ as a woman bought a slave girl in result of this house to house Madagascar. In her loneliness New Work in Mesopotamia evangelism. the little slave found comfort in Iraq has recently been admit- -Harry C. Neely, reading her Testament. Then ted to the League of Nations- her mistress began studying un- a great step forward for the Lolodorf Cameroun.

Missions in Portuguese der her slave and learned to ancient land made famous by Territory read. She invited others to join Nineveh, Babylon, Ur and her and thus seed was sown. Baghdad. Portuguese East Africa has Realizing her need for help A new station has also been an area of 770,000 square miles and counsel, the mistress set out opened in the heart of Mesopoand a population of some 3,500,- upon a long journey of two or tamia, at Dier-ez-zore, on the 000. The northern two-thirds of three. weeks to the capital, Euphrates River and has been this area is practically un- where she sought the aid of the touched by Protestant missions, London Missionary Society. The thoroughly equipped with a hosand only two of its seven dis- next year a missionary went to pital and residences for what is tricts is adequately staffed. The make a survey and as a result a expected to be a great work six societies at work have a church was formed and a build- among the Bedouin of the des- Christian community of 17,290. ing erected. The missionaries ert. This work is conducted un- Difficult, though not impossible, died, but still the ex-slave der the auspices of the United conditions are laid down by the owner-she had freed all her Mission of Mesopotamia.

government. In the main these slaves-carried on and the Confession in Persia are: church grew. Now the London A recent letter received by the Church Missionary Society 1. All missionaries must have a Missionary Society has decided good knowledge of the Portuguese lan- to send a missionary to open a guage. station in this district. There from Persia shows what follow- 2. All schools and out-schools must will then be a church, a mission ing Christ means to men and be built of brick and must be in house and a missionary as the women in that country and charge of a native who has passed the result of the faithful witness of their fearlessness in face of second grade government standard. 3. No teaching in schools is allowed the little southern slave-girl and persecution. One man employed in any vernacular language, but it in a government office was must be wholly in the Porteguese lan- her Malagasy New Testament. transferred to another town in guage. WESTERN ASIA the hope that, away from Chris- 4. Churches and places of worship New Hospital at Talas tian influence, he would cease to need not be built of brick, though schools must be. preach; instead he is a fearless 5. The use of Bibles, etc., in the na- A new hospital of the Ameri- missionary. Another Christian tive languages is allowed in churches can Board at Talas, Asia Minor, employed in that some office and for worship. was imprisoned, but he took the 6. There shall be an absolute pro- was dedicated May 22. It was a opportunity of preaching to his hibition of reading and writing in the guards and fellow prisoners, native language. girls' school building, remodeled for hospital use. It has been and was released and trans- Many Baptized at Tunda running at full capacity with 24 ferred to the capital. Two men beds. The hospital was dedi- were thrown out of work. The E. H. Lovell, Methodist mis- cated in the following words: sionary at Tunda, Belgian Con- wife of one man was beaten in go, writes in the World Outlook To the glory of God, our Father, by the street and fell unconscious; (Nashville) : whose favor this hospital has been built; another woman was forbidden "On Sunday, December 20, a by her husband to read the To the honor of Jesus, the Great Phyvery large class was received into the church by baptism, sev- sician, whose living spirit caused Bible to the servants at home!

the erection of this hospital; enty in number. There were To the praise of the Spirit of God, INDIA twenty-five schoolboys, eighteen Christian Census Figures women and twenty-seven work- the source of life and light; men in this class. Of special in- For the healing of suffering . . .

For the children who suffer in inno-. cence, the mothers who so often terest was the baptism of eight suffer needlessly, the manhood of Census Tables for 1931, published by the husbands and wives together. the land, for the rich and the poor. Government of India Gazette, include Euro- These have been on probation peans and Anglo-Indians but not Burma. In grateful remembrance of all the Christians include Protestants, Armenians. doctors and nurses who have min· Greeks, Syrians and Roman Catholics.

Provinces Population Christians the cow; Moslems ceremonially of these schools have been held slaughter a cow at one of their with a total enrolment of 5,000 India's Total ………. 350,353,678 5,962,(89 great religious festivals. Hin- or 6,000 each winter. Thus, 3,531,702 dus love music and song when during a period of eight years (I) British India……. 271,273,107 they are at worship; Moslems nearly 40,000 have been en- 6,947 demand an austere silence for rolled. There are probably few Ajmere Marwara …… 560,292 1,461 the chanting of the Koran. It areas in China where greater 202,586 is the difference between the membership gains have been re- Andamans and Nicobars 29,463 8,044 jungle and the desert, between corded in recent years. Nearly 180,572 an elaborately organized society all these new members are Assam …………….. 8,622,251 341,710 and a simple brotherhood. From young and from progressive every point of view there is families. Baluchistan … . . . . . . . . 463,508 317,042 conflict. Chinese Evangelism Bengal ……………. 50,122,550 50,584 -Dnyanodaya. 3,450 The Executive Committee of Bihar and Orissa …. 37,676,576 Madura College Jubilee the National Christian Council 16,989 has issued a statement of the Bombay (including Sind 1,770,328 The American College at general objectives of the Five- Madura, founded by the Ameri- Year Movement as adopted in and Aden) ………. 21,854,841 12,213 can Board of Commissioners, 1929, followed by four objec- 414,788 has completed its first fifty tives to be aimed at by local Central Provinces & 205,009 years. It is now affiliated with churches during the next two the University of Madras. A or three years. These are the Berar …………•.. 15,507,723 2,430,786 scheme of extension and re- following: 46,660 search in the socio-economic Coorg …………..•.. 163,327 15 field, in cooperation with the 1. An individual approach 7,262 other missionary colleges of the to every church member in or- Delhi …………….. 636,246 2,768 south, gives this college a com- der to enlist groups for Bible 74,613 manding position. The vice- study, prayer, some form of Madras ……………. 46,575,670 16,011 chancellor of the University of church and community service, 10,476 Madras who is a Hindu paid a and evangelism. N. W. F. Province •.. 2,425,076 51,701 tribute to the work done by 1,198 Christian colleges. He referred 2. The establishment in each Punjab ……………. 23,580,852 to the apprehension existing in church of groups to train for 151,946 some quarters that nationalist parenthood and for leadership, United Provinces ….. 48,408,763 India might not look with kind- and to teach illiterates and en- 2,177 ly eyes on Christian missions, quirers; a Iso well-organized (II) Indian States and 334,870 and said that "educated India Sunday schools with work dur- Agencies ………… 79,080,571 1,604,475 would never permit the de- ing the week. struction of the great mission- Assam States ……… 625,606 19,466 ary institutions, which are 3. The encouragement of 87,538 among the most valuable edu- family worship in Christian Baluchistan State ..•.. 405,109 cational and moral assets of homes, the nurture of children 4,286 this country." in Christian ideals and the win- Baroda State ………. 2,443,007 4,565 ning of non-Christian members 5,778 CHINA of the family. Bengal States ……… 973,316 2,890 1,396 For a Literate Church 4. The observance of the Bihar and Orissa States 4,651,076 great Christian festivals and There is an inclination to seasons, and also of appropri- Bombay States …….. 4,468,343 make literacy a requirement for ate Chinese customs, to. which church membership, at least in end a church calendar for 1933 Central India Agency.. 6,615,120 the case of those between the is in preparation. ages of 15 and 25. Ten years Central Provinces States 2,483,240 ago Dr. James Yen organized Dr. Stanley Jones is now in a literacy campaign through China, conducting special evan- Gwalior State ……… 3,523,070 the use of the thousand char- gelistic meetings in ten centres acter system. For more than between August 16th and De- Hyderabad State …… 14,437,541 e i g h t years the American cember 15th. BO;1rd, through thirty evangel- Jammu and Kashmir ists in fourteen districts, has Missions in Manchuria States …………. .. 3,646,244 maintained village schools for Cochin State ……… . 1,205,016 which villagers provide places The Christian Century pub- Travancore State ….. . 5,095,973 and the pupils their own text- lishes a report concerning J ap- Other Madras States.. . 453,495 books. anese interference with Chris- Mysore State ……… . 6,557,302 tian activity in Manchuria. Each year from 150 to 200 N. W. Frontier Prov- Inevitably all Chinese organiza- tions, Christian as well as non-Chrisince …………….. 46,451 tian, are eyed with great suspicion. Any organization which appears to Punjab States ……… 4,910,005 Rajputana Agency …. 11,225,712 United Provinces States 1,206,070 Western States Agency 3,999,250 Immorality Entrenched The United Provinces Legislative Council has rejected a bill which sought to check "immoral traffic." The Government remained neutral when the final vote was taken and this made possible the rejection of the bilI by Indian members. Supporters of the bill criticized the Government and non-official votes might have carried the measure, but a majority of the Council did not wish to interfere in the present practices and customs that prevail in the United Provinces. It was evident that many of the members have no concern regarding the evil.

-Indian Witness.

Hindu-Moslem Differences A former resident of India, writing in the Manchester Guardian, declares that the differences between Hindus and Moslems are India's most critical problem. Their social and religious customs are antithetic; their good qualities as well as their bad are exactly opposite, and because each is too virile to accept a secondary position both are aggressive and afraid of the other. Hindus venerate

oppose the new regime will be of favorably granting your request. the Christian faith his son- crushed. Christian visitors to Man- This decision of principle does not who during an illness had been churia find themselves subjected to in- hinder the Cambodian Government studying Christianity. A minute quiry as to the purpose of their visit. and the French Protectorate tolerat- examination of the young man Some Christian organizations find ing until a new order those of your revealed genuine understanding conditions quite depressing. Detec- establishments which exist at the mo- of the step, so that Mr. Nishi- tives sometimes attend religious meet- ment, on condition that they are for- mura baptized him-in the tem- ings, and sit in on Bible classes. Sys- bidden all extension, all creation of ple and in the presence of the tematic searches by Japanese of new chapels, and all active proselytiz- priest.-The Omi Mustard Seed. Christian buildings are the order of ing among the Cambodian populathe day. tion." Buddhists Study Christianity Japanese Christian organizations JAPAN-CHOSEN Fukui, on the west coast, has have been trying to initiate coopera- been called "Back Japan." The tive undertakings with Chinese groups Some Recent Changes people are conservative; educa- in Manchuria. In both Japan and tion has been backward and it Manchuria funds are being raised to The Tokyo Trans-Pacific, an is a stronghold of Buddhism. assist Christian work and relieve dis- American-owned weekly, points In a population of 60,000 there tress, Chinese as well as Japanese be- to three typical Japanese in- are over 600 temples and a ing designated as beneficiaries. stitutions which appear des- large monastery just outside of tined to extinction. the city. Many years of pains- Gospel Work in Tibet taking work have been required They are the Yoshiwara, the to establish Christian w 0 r k A worker for the Scripture world-famous licensed quarter there. It is especially difficult Gift Mission writes from the of Tokyo; the Geisha, who is to find a point of contact with Tibetan border: "The people rapidly being displaced by the working girls, because they are listened attentively to Gos'pel waitress and dancing-girl; and so burdened with heavy schedstories, and often we found a the Kabuki drama, popular for ules in the silk factories. crowd reluctant to disband. In over three centuries, which is one village at the foot of the giving way to modern plays. But one feature of the situafamous 'Panch Chuli' some two tion is hopeful. Bud d his t hundred collected into a small All three have lost much of priests are less antagonistic and open space and asked each of their appeal and fascination for have stopped criticizing Chrisus to speak twice calling for the public, and particularly for tianity before their congregasong after song. We took a the youth of Japan. tions. They even asked to quantity of Scripture portions, study Christianity, and for a and thought we had enough for The disappearance of the Yoshi- year and a half the Rev. Matsuthe entire tour; but these were wara will automatically rid Japan of taro Okajima had a Bible class all gone before the tour was one of those institutions which, from for twenty-five Bud d his t half finished. Some wealthy the foreign viewpoint, has cast a stig- priests. Buddhism fails to Tibetan traders had come twen- ma on Japan's moral reputation. The meet the "dangerous thought" ty days' journey with 7,000 existence of a segregated licensed which Japan sees coming into Tibetan sheep to trade wool for quarter, the inmates of which were its ports from Russia.-Spirit Indian products. These said frequently sold into slavery, has long of Missions. that they had never seen a been condemned in the light of Westwhite face before.-Evangelical ern standards, and its elimination has Pertinent Facts About Korea Christian. been the object of an insistent mis- sionary campaign. Korea has had Buddhism for Anti-Missionary Edict in ages. Christianity came less Cambodia The closing of the Yoshiwara in than fifty years ago. Of Ko- Tokyo does not end the system, but it rea's twenty millions, less than In French Indo-China doors is likely that an institution which is four persons in every hundred have been shut repeatedly in unable to survive in the capital will can be counted as in any way the past to Protestant missions not long linger in other cities of the affiliated with the Christian but have been opened again Empire. Church. And yet the head of only after persistent prayer and the department of religions of patient effort. A recent obsta- Encouragement at Omi the government-general recentcle appears discouraging. Gor- ly told us that Christianity don H. Smith writes of this in Surprising things happen in operated 82 per cent of the World Dominion.: Omi every now and then. Re- church schools, 90 per cent of cently two events occurred that the Sunday schools, 87 per cent Since 1922 the Christian and Mis- bespeak bet t e r tolerance be- of the places of religious wor-' sionary Alliance has been tolerated in tween Buddhism and Christi- ship, and enrolls 85 per cent Cambodia, with much persecution and anity. One was the visit to of all the religious workers. restriction. Two years ago it was de- Omi Mission (Omi-Hachiman) creed that all foreign missionaries of a group of eleven Buddhist Christianity preserved and must be authorized by the govern- Sunday school teachers, seeking made popular the native Korean ment. Accordingly, request was made, improved methods of w 0 r k and the answer, translated, reads in among children. The second part as follows: was the request to Mr. S., Nishimura, of the Kat a t a "The Cambodian Government has Branch of the Mission, by the esteemed, after a minute examination Buddhist priest of a neighborof the question, that there was no way ing temple, that he baptize into

script which the old type schol- ed of roast chicken, pigs and native class drove thirty-five miles. At ars looked upon as too easy for wine. The main item on the altar was Carson City a confirmation a learned man. Christianity a pig's head. After most of this had class of 28 included 14 Indians. brought to Korea the first been eaten and only the skull re- -Churchman. school for girls, and at present mained, the priest swung the basket maintains the only college for with the "sacred head" slowly around Denominationalism girls. Christianity established the altar, howling prayers to the spirthe first modern school for boys its. This performance continued until Over against the wasteful use in Korea. Christianity has Sunday, with the worshipers intoxi- of energy and funds in small made it possible for the women cated, quarreling and howling. towns, where seven or more of of Korea to be freed from the the 191 denominations in the prison of the inner yard of the On Sunday morning quite a differ- United States struggle to surhome. Christianity is leading ent kind of service was held, conduct- vive, is the fact that no one in the fight against the evils of ed by the missionary, when the people state has all of the 191 denomidrink, social vice, intemperance. were directed to worship the one and nations. Illinois comes nearest only true God. After praying, singing with 144. New York lags, with "Pioneer Program" for Children and reading the Word, they gathered only 122. Nevada has only 15. in groups to study portions of the Less than half of all the bodies Dr. McCune and the Rev. Bible. listed have as many as a total Francis Kinsler are working to- of 10,000 members. Forty-five gether to interest "older youth" NORTH AMERICA have less than one thousand in winning children who have each. In general, the large dehad no chance to know God's Erasing the Color Line nominations are growing larger Word. After three years there and the small are growing are hundreds of such boys and The General Conference of smaller. Community churches girls meeting daily under the the Methodist Episcopal Church are increasing rapidly and leadership of college students. passed the following significant there are now more than 2,000 The "Pioneer Program" is used, resolution by an overwhelming in the United States.-Presbybased on Luke II :52, "Jesus in- majority: terian Advance. creased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and Whereas: "There cannot be Greek Nez Perces' Centennial man"; in the effort to develop and Jew, circumcision and uncircumthese children into a fourfold cision; barbarian, Scythian, bondman, Christian Nez Perc;es Indians Christian 1i f e : intellectual, freeman, but Christ is all and in all"; are this year planning an apphysical, social and spiritual. therefore, propriate celebration of the one At first much time was given hundred years since four Nez to primary instruction. Gov- Be it resolved: That the General Perc;es journeyed overland from ernment authorities, seeing the Conference of the Methodist Episcopal the Kamiah Valley in northern numbers grow to thousands, Church shall hereafter meet only in Idaho to St. Louis in search of made it impossible to continue. cities where hotels, sufficient in num- the "white man's Book of It was then decided to call all ber to accommodate its delegates, Heaven." They now number these gatherings "Children's shall in writing agree to meet the fol- about 1,400. About two-thirds Bible Schools." Textbooks in lowing conditions: of the tribe are Protestant reading, history, geography, Christians, or nominally so, etc., are now being compiled (1) No segregation of specific most of them being Presbyterifrom the Bible itself. groups in room assignments. ans. The other third are either Roman Catholics or heathen.- ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC (2) No discrimination against any Presbyterian Advance. delegates in the use of hotel entrances, Savage Tribes Hear the Gospel lobbies, elevators, dining rooms and New Japanese Church other hotel services or facilities. Henry DeVries writes in the The new building of the First Moody Monthly of pioneering (3) Specific instruction of hotel Japanese Baptist Church and the southern islands of the Phil- employees by the hotel authorities re- Japanese Chris~ian center, Sacippines. Thousands of natives garding the interracial character of ramento, California, was dediare scattered along the river the conference and the treatment of cated on July 10. More than 500 Giqua. The missionary gath- all delegates with equal courtesy. Japanese, Chinese, Russians ers them in groups for meet- and Negroes attended the servings which last all day, and the Federal Council Bulletin. ice. The property is valued at audience is constantly changing. $50 000, and is recognized as Parish of 46,000 Square Miles one' of the finest Christian cen- At one place we witnessed a pagan ter buildings of America. There service, lasting three days. The wor- In Nevada, Elko County par- are 8,000 Japanese in Sacrashipers built an altar in the center, ish is about 200 miles long one mento.-Watchman-E xaminer. decorating it with ferns and flowers. way and 230 the other, with a Their offerings to the spirits consist- popUlation of 9,000. Cattle and sheep raising and mining are the chief industries. Rev. Fred- erick C. Taylor, in charge of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, visits Wells, Clover Valley, and other points, involving motor trips of 150 to nearly 300 miles. Last winter the roads were blocked from December 1st until late in March. At Winnemucca four people came fifty miles for their confirma- tion. At Lovelock three of the

Missionary

Recent Boo~s Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,======================-,~, The Republic of Brazil-A Survey of political power, has such a num- their problems and their unique the Religious Situation. Nine maps, erous following. He is a force Nationalist leader. His book is seven charts, eleven illustrations. to be reckoned with, not only described as the "story of an By Erasmo Braga and Kenneth in India but in the world. It experience and an attempt to Grubb. 8vo. 184 pp. 5s. net. is the belief of the authors of weigh Eastern and Western World Dominion Press. London. this book that he and the move- ideals, as well as spiritual wea- 1932. ment which he incarnates are pons and machine guns, in the not adequately understood in scale of practicability." Brazil is twice the size of Europe and America, and they India but with only about one- have endeavored to interpret Many will not agree with Dr. ninth the population of that him a.nd the Indian mind to Fisher in his estimate of Mr. great peninsula. The white in- Western readers. They are Gandhi and his philosophy but habitants number 51 per cent, members of a brotherhood the remainder being Negro, In- known as Christa Seva Sangha, all will be interested in his dian or mixed. There are in composed of Englishmen and story of the young Indian who Brazil immense natural re- Indians, living together accord- was educated in India and Engsources and unclaimed areas. ing to Indian customs, and land, practiced law and es- It is nominally Roman Catholic seeking to interpret the Chris- poused the cause of his fellow but its people are lacking in a tian Gospel to India in the ut- countrymen in South Africa, c I ear understanding of the most possible detachment from and returned to India to at- Christian message and life. purely European or British ele- tempt the release of his coun- ments. They are therefore try from British control and This survey is an excellent uniquely competent to discuss from everything non-Indianbrief study of the land and the their subject. The Archbishop a difficult, if not an impossible, people, the growth and influ- of York writes a Foreword in task. Dr. Fisher rightly comence of evangelical Christianity which he says that he neither mends Gandhi for his personal and the present tendencies and commends nor criticizes the self-sacrifice, his patience, modunfinished task. Six appendices contents of the book, but that deal with the statistics of evan- he commends it as a contribu- eration and opposition to armed gelical work, education and the tion to the English understand- revolution. This "fighting pacichurch. Thirty-five Protestant ing of the Indian mind, and as fist" set out to organize a peaceorganizations are at work in one that will give a truer ap- ful army to oppose "disciplined 153 stations. The ev.angeIical preciation of the Indian out- violence." He established his communicants number 135,390, look than many of us are likely Ashram at Ahmedabad in 1916 and the total adherents 702,377. to receive from either Indians and required all students who The largest evangelical com- or Englishmen who have not came there to take an eightfold munity is in Sao Paulo. The had this intimate association vow of truthfulness, non-vio- Presbyterians in Brazil number with the people of India. lence, celibacy, control of the about 30,000 and have their palate, non-stealing, non-possesown independent, self-support- A. J. BROWN. sion, swadeshi, and fearlessing church. The Baptist Mis- ness. sion (Southern Convention) re- That Strange Little Brown Manports 34,358 communicants and Gandhi. By Fred B. Fisher. Illus. Dr. Fisher recognizes that 103,074 in their Christian com- 8vo. 239 pp. $2.50. Ray Long Gandhi is still a Hindu who munities. One diagram shows and Richard Smith. New York. that less than half the organ- 1932. looks upon Christ as one of his ized churches have Brazilian ideal characters and teachers. pastors. Dr. Fisher, who was for ten He seeks to live according to years Missionary Bishop of the the Sermon on the Mount but Gandhi-The Dawn of Indian Free- Methodist Church in India, has denies the deity and atonement dom. By Jack C. Winslow and Ver- been a friend and admirer of of Jesus; he does not accept the rier Elwin. 224 pp. $1.50. Revell. Mahatma Gandhi for some fif- Son of Man as the unique reve- New York. teen years. He idealizes "the· lation of God and the Saviour Little Brown Man," but it is of men. The author seems to The eyes of the whole world worthwhile to see Dr. Fisher's think that a man can be both .are fixed on that extraordinary viewpoint of Indian peoples and Hindu and Christian. Gandhi, personality, Gandhi. Probably no other man of this genera- [621 ] on the other hand, says that he tion, without official position or is a Hindu and not a Christian.

We agree with him, though he Now he publishes some of the cient nation, tells the story of holds many things in common favorite scriptures of the Budd- his own adventurous journeys, with Christians, and though hist Zen Sect, which arose in describes unusual experiences Christians shamefully neglect to Japan early in the thirteenth in medical practice and his follow many of the teachings of century. It maintains that the contacts with the picturesque Christ and fail to live the state of enlightenment cannot monarch at dinner and at the Christ life. We can learn much be attained by external means. It coronation. He clearly reveals from Gandhi but it is difficult disregards ritual and empha- the great need for medical and to understand why a man of his sizes simplicity of life. The general health work and for ideals does not condemn the author admits that the "original giving the people the pure Gosevils of Hinduism such as are text of these Buddhist scrip- pel of Christ. The story of tures are very corrupt, disor- Blind Gidada is worth repeatfound in Siva worship. The Book has been banned by derly, and in places very ob- ing.

the Indian Government. The scure." We have, therefore, an The appendix includes a bibchapter on "Sex in India" is dis- interpretation, rather than a liography, and a suggested outappointing and we believe is er- translation. His sympathies are line for the use of the book by roneous and misleading. One not with Christianity but with mission study groups. This is worth reading is that on Buddhism, which he believes to the latest and in many respects "What's Wrong with Foreign be the most promising of all the the best and most comprehen- Missions ?" We should not be great religions. "Ch'an Budd- sive of the comparatively small too proud to learn, even from a hism in China and Korea and number of volumes on Abys- "Little Brown Man," who is a Zen in Japan, for a thousand sinia.

non-Christian and a Hindu. years, have been powerful in Charge That to My Account. By moulding the spiritual, ethical H. A. Ironside. 122 pp. 75 cents. The New Crisis in the Far East. By and cultural life of great na- Bible Institute Colportage Assn. Stanley High. 128 pp. $1. Revell. tions." Chicago. 1931. New York. The fruits of Buddhism as Twelve Gospel sermons of the The author is well known as seen in Buddhist countries to- passionate, evangelistic type ina Christian publicist, who be- day do not fulfill this promise: clude vivid word pictures which lieves that the war clouds have "By their fruits ye shall know tell the old Gospel story in a way never hung more ominously on them." that will hold the reader from the horizon in the Far East beginning to end. Dr. Ironside, than they do today. Russia has S. M. ZWEMER. the pastor of the Moody Memobeen trained for a decade and a rial Church in Chicago, sets half in the school of Soviet Na- The Rainbow Empire-Ethiopia. By forth the way of salvation in tionalism, and Japan is at pres- Stuart Bergsma. Illus. 8vo. 294 plain scriptural style. The first ent under the domination of a pp. $3. W. B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. sermon, "Charge That to My Acmilitary regime. In the back- Grand Rapids. 1932. count," is alone worth the price ground is the colossal figure of of the volume. China embittered by her harsh Abyssinia-the ancient emtreatment at the hands of the pire of Ethiopia is, in a modern H. A. ADAIR. Japanese. The book is impres- sense, still an undeveloped counsionistic and undocumented, but try. There are only fifty miles Chief Men Among the Brethren. Comfair and Christian in its view- of good road in a total of 350,- piled by Hy. Pickering. 223 pp. 000 miles of nondescript roads 3s 6d. Pickering and Inglis. Lon- and mountain and jungle high- don. 1931.

point. Mr. High's conclusion is: ways. Banking, railway, manu- The personalities back of any "In the whole category of the facture, education, medical and religious movement are always forces that are now at work in sanitary work, courts of jus- a fascinating study. One can the life of Asia, it is only tice, modern science and inven- better understand the move- Christianity that, working close tion, public utilities and im- ment if he knows those who to the people, is laying the foun- provements of all sorts are in have been most largely used in dations for those convictions their infancy. its promulgation. "Chief Men and aspirations on which per- But Abyssinia is a unique among the Brethren" introduces manent peace can be estab- and interesting country and its one hundred of the leaders of lished." people have many fine charac- the Brethren Movement in a A Buddhist Bible: The Favorite Scrip- teristics. Most of them are most interesting and instruc- tures of the Zen Sect. 316 pp. Ed- nominal Christians but know tive way. The sketches are ited, Interpreted and Published by little of Christ and less of His necessarily brief and one finds Dwight Goddard. Thetford, Ver- Way of Life. Dr. Bergsma, a himself wishing they Were longmont. medical missionary of the er and more detailed. It will The author in his earlier United Presbyterian Church, have a special appeal to books on Buddhism expressed gives us an unusually graphic Brethren, but is a worthy adthe opinion that Jesus derived picture of the land and rugged dition to any library in which his teaching regarding God and people, recounts the peculiar biography is appreciated.

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ADDRESS……•…………………. ADDRESS.: …………………… ··· Book Review New Books Presbyterian Missions Life of Charles Albert Blanchard. By An American Doctor at Work in In- Are presented in novel and very his wife, Frances Carothers Blanch- dia. Sir William J. Wanless. 200 usable form, for Missiondry Meet- ard. 8vo. 220 pp. $2.00. Revell. pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. ings, as iliustrdtions for sermons dnd tdlks, or for personal inspir- 1932. America, the Philippines and the Ori- dtion, in ent. Hilario Camino Moncado. 214 Much of the material for this pp. $2. Revell. New York. The Presbyterian volume is drawn from the diary The Book of Daily Devotion. Edited BANNER and other writings of the late by Elmer T. Clark and W. G. Cram. President of Wheaton College, 400 pp. $1.50. Cokesberry press. A Church weekly modern in so that the work is largely au- Nashville. appedrdnce, eVdngelicdl in creed, tobiographical, rather than a progressive in contents, prdcticdl discriminating estimate of his A Century of Faith. Charles L. in help to ministers, ministers' character and work. The book, White. 320 pp. Judson Press. Phila. wives dnd other dctive Church nevertheless, has unique value workers; dnd prepdred with as the record of lofty purpose, Christ Finds a Rabbi-An Autobiog- specidl regdrd for the Idymdn dnd unflinching courage, and un- raphy. George Benedict. 399 pp. the Idywoman. Published by the Author. Bethleceasing industry. hem Presbyterian Church, Phila. A Christian Companion Succeeding his father in 1882 God in the Shadows. Hugh Redwood. For the home, the study, missionas president of a small and 127 pp. $1. Revell. New York. dry meeting, young people's struggling educational institu- meeting, SunddY school, dnd hour tion, Dr. Charles Blanchard Handmaidens of the King to Foreign of fdmily dnd personal devotion, lifted it to nation-wide influence Lands. W. Thorburn Clark. 129 its mdny Pdges of "News of the and established its place as one pp. Southern Baptist Convention. Churches Everywhere," dnd its of the strong centers of Chris- Richmond, Va. Pdges of vitdl editorials, dre tian education in America. His prepdred by numerous selected early training was in the Chris- Hudson Taylor's Spiritual Secret. Dr. Correspondents dnd tian ministry and, while he may and Mrs. Howard Taylor. $1 cloth; not be numbered among the 50 cents paper. China Inland Mis- Editorial Staff great educators, his contribu- sion. London. tion to the intellectual ideals of Including Willidm H. Boddy, his time were of no mean im- The Jap,anese Invasion and China's portance. His estimate was that Defense. Edited by Wong Chi-yuen Willidm E. Brooks/ Paul Patton "Life is ninety per cent educa- and Tang Leang-Ii. 80 pp. $1. tion," so that the opportunities Shanghai. Fdris, Rdlph Cooper Hutchison, of the educational sphere chal- Hugh Thomson Kerr, John A. lenged his full devotion. Early Norah-A Girl of Grit. Beth J. MdckdY, Donald Mackenzie, in life he determined he would Coombe Harris. 318 pp. 28. 6d. Joseph R. Sizoo dnd Jdmes H. not withhold his support from Pickering & Inglis. London. Snowden. any good cause and this creed led him to affiliation with a Outriders of the King. W. Thorn- SUBSCRIPTION RATES score or more of spiritual un- burn Clark. 153 pp. Southern Bapdertakings as well as moral re- tist Convention. Richmond, Va. $2.50 d year; to ministers, $2.00 forms, and though some were 1932. highly unpopular there is no Specid I Introductory Offers: evidence that he flinched even The Oxford Group Movement. J. C. Laymen, 6 months . . . $1 .00 in the presence of physical dan- Brown. 632 pp. 18. Pickering & Ministers, 8 months . . . $1.00 Inglis. London. ger. (Canadian and Foreign Postage Extra) Of s t r i kin g appearance, Miss Rosemary Mistary. Kate Mel- lersh. 205 pp. 28. Pickering & Makes a Splendid Christmas Gift marked dignity, a graceful and Inglis. London. Sdmple copy of THE BANNER persuasive speaker, Dr. Blanch- Sons. Pearl Buck. 467 pp. $2.50. free on request. ard was, nevertheless, among John Day Co. New York. Send your order to the most humble and self-effac- The Story of William Aitken Heighing of men. He was a man of way of Fiji. By His Family. 274 The Presbyterian Banner winsome personality, of simple pp. 48. Methodist Women's Auxtastes, and with disdain for iliary to Foreign Missions. 2007 Commonwealth Building everything that savors of the Pittsburgh, PI. artificial and insincere. These Talking with God-A Book of Prayers pages reveal the spiritual gran- for Many Occasions. Alfred Frankdeur of the man; not flawless, lin Smith. 151· pp. Cokesbury but each day of life reaching Press. Nashville. out for od's highest and best. Wondrous Love. D. L. Moody. 187 There is contagion, aroma, and pp. 18. Pickering & Inglis. Lontonic in such a life. don. HUGH R. MONRO. The World-Wide Christian Mission, 1922-1932. A Survey. 284 pp. $1.

1. M. C. New York. Wayfaring for Christ. A. M. Chirg- win. 160 pp. 28. Edinburgh House Press. London.

Ramon Lull. (The Bhaktas of the World, No.4.) P. G. Bridge. 107 pp. Re. 1.2. Christian "Literature Society. Madras.

Juveniles at the Cross Roads. Shin- taro Furuya. Translated by Shizu Hasegawa. 118 pp. Yen 1. Chris- tian Literature Society. Tokyo..

China's Own Critics: A Selection of Essays. Hu Shih and Liu Yu-tang. 188 pp. Mex. $6. China United Press. Shanghai.

Items "Ok

(Concluded from 2d cover) Give Me L1;:1£e.f" John Ellis Manley haS been chosen as the new General Secretary of the cries this homeless, despairing National Council of the Y. M. C. A. leper who waits at the gates of He succeeds Fred W. Ramsey, who a Mission hospital thinking, "If has held the position since the retire- I stay long enough, perhaps they ment of John R. Mott about four will take me in." years ago. Mr. Manley has been en- But THERE IS NO ROOM. gaged in Y. M. C. A. work for the last 30 years and has had a wide experi- He is typical of two million others without homes, health, liveli- ence in this field. hood, hope. * … * in 40 countries at 150 hospitals, the Mission to Lepers (cooperating with all denominations) ministers through medical treatment to Dr. S. G. Inman, Secretary of the lepers broken in body and spirit; while kindly care, Christian Committee on Cooperation in Latin teaching and useful occupation build their faith and morale. America, has recently returned to New York, having attended the Christ said "Cleanse the Lepers!" World's Sunday School Convention in Rio, and after visiting a number of Help in the modern fulRllment of His command by sending a South American cities, traveling by contribution today. ~irplane from Mendoza, Argentine, to Santiago, Chile. 55 feeds a leper for 2 AMERICAN MISSION TO LEPERS months. Room 1118.RW, 156 Fifth Ave., New York * … … Enclosed is 5 ••••••••to help save a leper's life. 510 gives weekly treatments Dr. William B. Lipphard is the wor- for 2 years. Name •••.•……………………… .• thy successor to Dr. Howard E. Grose, editor of Missions during the last 540 provides a year's com- Address ••••••.•••••••••••.••••••••••••• twenty-three years, who is to be pro- plete care. moted January 1, 1933, as editor emeritus for life. William B. Lipp- THE BIBLE T0 0 AY An evanselial che_brinser for hard has been associate editor since deprellion and other day., also 1922; associate secretary of the a visorous, popular, pertinent, assrellive, evanselistie and Bible.study magazine American Baptist Foreign Mission Society since 1919; and recording sec- DON O. SHELTON, LL.D., Editor retary of the Board of Missionary Cooperation since 1920. He brings to SOc a Year, Single Copy 1Sc the office a wealth of editorial ability and a background of missionary (Published by the National Bible Institute) knowledge and experience. THE BIBLE TODAY contoins strong, informing and stlrrlns articles, editorials and Bible expositions by Obituary Notes Christian leaders, and also mOVing accounts out of the thrilling life of the National Bible Institute which Is ensaged in a world-wide evangelistic ond Christian educational work. Lucy Hale Tapley, 75-year-old President-Emeritus of Spelman Col- Comins durins 1932·33: lege, died June 7 at McKinley, Maine. "Th. Men Who W.nt to Se. Wh.t H. Could Se.," by MELVIN GROVE KYLE, President Xenia During the 37 years she had served at Spelman College many thousand Theological Seminary, St. LOUis, Mo. young Negro women had been helped because of her radiant influence. "I•••'n. the Blbl…. by AMOS R. WELlS.! litt.D., Honorary Editor of the ··Chrlstlan Endeavor World." "An Inspi,ln. ContKt with. Spi,lt-lilied ..en….lily… by WILLIAM C. POOLE. successor to the late … lit … F. B. Meyer. former pastor of Christ's Church. London and now postor of the First M. E. Church. Buenos Aires, Argentina. Dr. A. F. Grant, head physician of "Tlln.n In War TI…… by CHARlES ERNEST SCOTIJ>'~'I of the American Presbyterian Mission. Tslnan. the American Mission Hospital in Shantung. North China, AND MANY OTHER INlII'IRING ARTICLES. Tanta, Egypt, died on July 4 while preparing to take up his customary Combination Offer Both SI.35 duties in the clinic. He went to Egypt Sev.65c in 1904, spending his first nine years THE BIBLE TO-DAY (bl-monthly)…………………………………. S.50 at Assiut Hospital. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD (monthly) •••••••.••••.•.••• S2.50 … lit … AcIcIna Your Orden to Either OlJle. Th. Blbl. To-D.y Th. Mllllon.y R….w Publishln. Co.peny 340 West 55th Street, N. Y. The Rev. Dr. Alfred Gandier, of the United Church of Canada, died of 156 Fifth Avenue. N. Y. heart disease on June 12th, a few days after retirement as principal of Emmanuel Union TheolOgIcal College.

He was moderator of the Canadian Presbyterian General Assembly of 1923.

Dr. Gandier was born in Hastings County, On1., Nov. 29, 1861, a son of Joseph and Helen Eastwood Gandier. He was educated at Queen's University, Kingston, and Edinburgh Uni- versity, Scotlan..d. . … …

The Rev. N. E. Samson of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and stationed at Sironcha, Chandra District, Central Provinces, India, was found murdered in Jubbulpore after having been robbed.

Opposition Is Yield

Before Christian Testimony The Good News of Christ interpreted to Moslems through the Christian life and literature is winning a hearing for the Gospel in many lands.

Will you help to supply this much needed Christian literature for millions who have never heard this Good News-in E9ypt Syria Irak China Morocco PaJestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunl. Arabia Malaysia South AfrIca Send your help to the missionaries in these countries through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Cooperating with Interdenominational Committees on the Reid.

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The Missionary Review of the World — August 1931

'MISSIONARY COMING

PERSONAL DR. LEWIS SEYMOUR MUDGE was elected Moderator at the recent meeting of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

DR. CARL S. PA'"TTO* N *was elected Mod- erator of the National Council of Congregational Churches at the annual meeting in Seattle.

DR. AND MRS. *F. I'". JO'" HNSON returned ~h008e early in July from their visit to the lIOU,. favo,.ite route a,,,l still ~~GO Orient. EMPRESS" DR. A. W. WILK*IE, '"well-known mis- Prefer the Honolulu Toute? Take the sionary of the West Coast of Africa, has new Empress of Japan, largest, fastest liner to been appointed Principal of Lovedale In- the Orient, or huge Empress of Canada. Constitute. For nearly twenty years Cal- nections with San Francisco and Los Angeles abar, made famous by Mary Slessor, was sailings. Quicker crossing? Take Empress of the scene of his labors, but since the War Russia or Empress of Asia, Direct Expre8. to he has had charge of the work on the Japan in 10 days. Both routes from Vancouver Gold Coast that was f(]rmerly carried on (trains direct to ship's side) and Victoria. by the Basel Mission. The great white Empress fleet offers the new ARCHBISHOP GR*EGO'"RIO'" AGLIPAY, of the "Empress" Tourist Cabin, spacious, comfortable ..• with true "Empress" cuisine ••• "of·the· Independent Filipino Church, is visiting Orient" service. Luxurious First Class, too. Also the United States in company with sev- a noted Third Cahin. eral prominent Filipinos. Independent travel.touring round-the-world BISHOP C. P. '"WA'"NG'"has been elected chairman of the National Council for China for two years. He succeeds Bishop Tsen, Protestant Episcopal.

FRED B. * ** moderat(]r of SMITH, recently the National Council of the Congrega- tional Churches of the United States still continues active in world peace promo- tion, education, citizenship and law-ob- servance movements. He was a "Y"

worker in two wars, returning in 1920 to become chairman of the executive com- mittee of the World Alliance for Inter- national Friendship, a movement that would use religion as the prime motive and force for gaining world peace. He is also the vigQrous national chairman of the Citizens' Committee of One Thousand for Law Observance and Enforcement.

MISS HELEN M* . *BRI'C" KMAN, Director and Orient conducted tours with Canadian Pacific veteran travel "know-how." of Indian Work in the Council of Women Information and rates, also reservations from for Home Missions, will serve as Acting your agent or Canadian Paci1ic: New York, Executive Secretary until her resigna- Chicago, Montreal and 32 other cities in U. S. tion takes place in the late fall to be- and Canada. come General Secretary of the Women's Board of Domestic Missions of the Re- formed Church in America.

•** CANADIAN PACIFIC ….. TO THE MRS. ELLA A. BOOLE, president of the ORi£nr Woman's Christian Temperance Union of the United States, was elected presi- dent of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union. She succeeds Anna Adams Gordon, who was compelled by illness to relinquish the office after nine years' service, and who has since died.

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CONTENTS-August, 1931 August 22-29- UNIVERSAL CHRISTIAN COUNCIL ON LIFE AND WORK, EXEC- Page UTIVE COMMITTEE, Cambridge, Eng- I1~RONTI8PIECE-MISSJONARIES AT LAKE· land.

V I L l.. E September 9-14-NATIONAL B APT I S T CONVENTION, Atlanta, Ga. 'l'HE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTAN'l'ISM …………….. . September 16-N A T ION A L COUNCIL, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH, ••.•..•…••..•. . JUAN OR'l'S GONZALEZ 565 Denver, Colo.

NEW LIBERTY IN NEW SPAIN …… . September 23-24-COMMITTEE OF REFER- ENCE AND COUNSEL, FOREIGN MIS- ••••••••••••••••••. WAYNE H. BOWEHS 570 SIONS CONFERENCE OF NORTH AMER- ICA, New York, N. Y. THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHI· NA IN 1931 …………. C. Y. CHENG 573 September 28-30-INTERPENOMINATION- AL MISSIONARY INS'J'ITUTE, conducted FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES by the Philadelphia Federation of A'!' LAKEVILLE ………. THE EDITOR 579 Churches and the Women's Interde- n{)minational Union of Philadelphia SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK? and Vicinity, Philadelphia, Pa. ………………. PAUL W. HARRISO~ 587 October 6-11-INTERNATIONAL CONVEN- WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST …. TION OF DISCIPLES OF CHRIST, Wich- ………… M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 593 ita, Kan.

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR" OF November 15 – AN INTERDENOMINA- JAPAN ……………. MAYME MOORE 591 TIONAL MEETING OF MEN 'J'O COM- MEMORATE THE TWENTY-FIFTH AN- "DO YOU LOVE' YOURSELF" …….. . NIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF THE LAYMEN'S MISSIONARY MOVEMENT. ••••••••.•••.•.. WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS 5U9 Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York. SIAM, 'l'HE SURPRISING KINGDOM … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MRS. F. I. JOHNSON 601 OBITUARIES A CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIER ….. . THE REV. DR. JOHN AIlNER MARQUIS, D.D., former moderator of the General ……………….••…. THE EDITOR 603 Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, also formerly president of Coe College, TH~J PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN CHRTS· Cedar Rapids, Iowa, and for seven years TIANS ……………… "………. 608 Executive Secretary of the Board of Na- tional Missions of the Presbyterian MOTION PICTURI~S AND FOREIGN MIS· Church, died at the Presbyterian Hos- SIONS ……….. JAMES '1'OOKER FORD 611 pital, New York, on July 5th.

METHODS FOR WORKERS ………. . Dr. Marquis suffered a stroke of par- . . . . . . . .EDITED BY MRS. F. l. JOHNSON 613 alysis two years ago and retired in 1930 as secretary of the Board of National WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BUL· Missions. LETIN ………………………. 615 Dr. Marquis was born in Dinsmore, WORLD·WIDE OU'l'LOOK …………. 621 Pa., Dec. 27, 1861, a son of James T. and BOOKS WORTH READING ………… 637 Mary C. Bucher Marquis. He was grad- uated from Washington and Jefferson TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of College, which gave him the honorary five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, degree of LL.D. in 1910. He was grad- 25 cents. published monthly. Copyrighted, uated from Western Theol{)gical Semi- 1931, by :aIrs-srONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- nary and in 1891 he became associate PANY, INC. All rights reserved. pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Greensburg, Pa. In 1919 Dr. Mar- 1'HE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING quis made a missi{)nary journey to Alas- COMPANY, INC. ka as General Secretary of the Presby- terian Board of Home Missions, in which ROBIlRT E. SPEER.J President position he served from 1917 until 1923. VILLIAM I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vicc-Prcs'ident He became Executive Secretary of the Board of National Missions at its forma- DBLAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary tion in 1923. Dr. Marquis was greatly WALTER McDouGALr., Treasurer loved and honored in his ability and Publication Office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Christian character. Pa. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, (Concluded on Third Cover.) New York City Entered as seeond·elass matter at the P08t Oftlce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879. I _• KOREA LET YOUR GIFT LAND of the DAWN to Foreign Missions By Dr. James Dale Van Buskirk PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME SeveTance &~ft::M~ti~;::~~Seoul. Kurea You can make a generous gift to foreign mis- A new day has come to Korea,and Christians must sions and have a needed income for yourself develop not only the country itself but the character and others from the money you give by the of the people.

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BOARD OF DIRECTORS Rev. William I. Chamberlain. D.D., President Mr. Delavan L. Pierson, Dr. Robert E. Speer, Vice Presidents Mrs. William Bancroft Hill, Honorary Vice President Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer, D.D., Field Secretary Dr. William' B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan, Rec. Sec. Rev. Ernest W. Riggs Mrs. William Borden Mrs. James M. Montgomery Dr. Robert 'W. Searle Dr. James Cantine. Cor. Sec. Rev. Thomas S. Donohugh Mrs. E. E. Olcott, Treas. Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Dr. John H. Raven Mr. Fennell P. Turner Send your contributions to The Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New York City.

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LIV, No.8 August

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM BY DR. JUAN ORTS GONZALEZ, New York Editor oj uLa Nueva DcmoVYacia."

T HE editors of some New Church, is more responsible for this York dailies have taken this mob uprising than anything else. It new Spanish republic as a undoubtedly provoked the whole situakind of joke, similar to the first re- tion. public of 1873-74 which lasted a little more than a year and in that "We are not against the churches short time had four presidents and or the priests," said a sober Spansix cabinets. Some of the leading ish workingman. "We respect the facts which led to the establish- places of worship. But Cardinal ment of this second republic may Segura must be shown that he can- not interfere in politics. He must be of interest. keep his hands off the Republic." The republic of 1873-74 was es- Notwithstanding the fact that tablished by a few politicians but more than forty convents, monashad no root in the people of Spain. teries and churches were burned, This second republic has come to no friars, nuns or priests were life by a plebiscite representing all killed and only one or two of them regions, in an orderly and peaceful were slightly hurt by the crowd. election. More than ninety per In a similar uprising in 1834, more cent of the qualified voters went to than two hundred friars were killed the poles and, even in the district in Madrid alone. where the Royal Palace is located and in Toledo, where the ecclesias- Effects on Religious Liberty tics have such great influence, two- It is very improbable that the thirds voted for the Republic. present Spanish Republic will turn communistic. In the plebiscite the As to the recent mob uprising in two communist candidates in Mawhich many churches, convents drid received twelve votes each and and monasteries were burned, in Barcelona only a few hundreds. Senor de Madariaga says: The circular of the Segura, the The common classes of Spain are Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of very conservative, and because the Spain, in which he addressed the Cath- majority of workingmen have some olics of Spain and urged their support property, either a little house or a of candidates for public office who small piece of land, they abhor coro- would look out for the interests of the munism.

565

This new Spanish Republic of- an agreement between the nation fers to the Spanish Peninsula re- and Roma. At the same time he ligious freedom, separation of said that he expected the clergy to Church and State and full repre- bear in mind that Spain is no long- sentative government. The plebi- er a monarchy but a republic, and scite which established the Republic that they should behave as in other was made up of republicans and republican countries. The last en- socialists, both committed to the cyclical of the Pope condemning policies mentioned above. The first socialism, together with his in- decree of the provisional govern- structions to the Nuncio demand- ment with regard to religious free- ing indemnity for the church build- dom reads: ings burned, if insisted upon, will The provisional government makes compel the Republic to break rela- public its decision to respect most fully tions with Rome and to repeal the the individual conscience through free- Concordat.

dom of belief and worship, forbidding Senor Fernando de los Rios also the State on any occasion to ask of any gave to religious tolerance an irtcitizen to declare his religious convic- terpretation so wide as to mean altions. most complete religious freedom, The right-hand, and probably the the policy advocated by Prime Min- head of the present Republic, the ister Canalejas before he was as- Secretary of Justice (El Ministro sassinated. The true significance de Gracia y Justicia), Senor Fern- of this new interpretation can be ando de los Rios, in his latest books grasped only when one takes into El Sentido Humanista del Social- account the fact that until now re- ismo (The Humanistic Aspect of ligious tolerance has meant to the Socialism) and Religion y Estado Roman Catholic Church and the en la Espaiia del Siglo XVI (Re- conservative monarchists t hat ligion and the State in Spain in the Protestants could have no sign Sixteenth Century), outlines the whatsoever outside their churches same policies for Spain and dep- or chapels to indicate that there reciates the union of Church and was a Protestant center; no bells State and the endorsement of the to ring, not even a door opening on decrees of the Council of Trent as the public street. In the last years laws binding to Spain and Spanish of Primo de Rivera's dictatorship, colonies. He has been very fair in even the Protestant house meetings his appreciation of the Reforma- were suppressed in many towns be- tion and its implications as well as cause the mayors and governors of the implications of the Counter- considered such acts as public.

Reformation. Senor Fernando de los Rios took The plebiscite binds the Republic a further step. He secularized pub- to await the formation of Congress, lic cemeteries and burial places. It the only legislative and legal body has been very humiliating for Prot- capable of applying such policies in estants not to be able to bury their full. For that reason, Senor de dead in the public cemeteries, hav- los Rios, in his first interview with ing to use small adjoining places the Papal Nuncio in Madrid, de- where beasts and unbelievers were clared that the Republic would buried.

maintain the Concordat of 1851 When the Secretary of Justice until Congress decides otherwise as learned that the Roman Catholic

THE NEW SPANISH REPUBLIC AND PROTESTANTISM

Primate of Spain criticized the Re- ther and expel such religious orpublic from the pulpit, he sent word ders as are illegally established in to the Nuncio (the Spanish title of Spain. Until they were closed there the Ambassador of the Pope in Ma- were in Spain about five thousand drid) that either the Pope should convents and monasteries for friars and nuns. The friars and nuns have now left Spain or are living with their relatives or friends. It is the general opinion that those monas- teries and convents will not be opened before Congress meets, and that then they may be closed for- ever.

The Concordat, which is the only legal basis for admitting such or- ders, specifies that only three dif- ferent religious orders could be al- lowed legal existence in Spain and in some exceptional cases a fourth. Today there are more than one hundred and fifty different Roman Catholic religious orders in Spain.

A PROTESTANT CHURCH AND SCHOOL IN SPAIN punish the Primate or the govern- A CATHOLIC CATHEDRAL IN SPAIN ment would be compelled to discipline him. Several liberal governments have tried to reduce the religious orders The Secretary of Education has to three, but the Vatican has aldeclared that religious education ways protested and the ex-King shall not be compulsory in any gov- sided with the Vatican. ernment school, but it shall be given in primary schools when requested by parents. Until now the reverse has been the rule; religious education was compulsory, unless parents had their children excused. The Secretary of the Interior has ordered that no official of the government as such shall attend any religious service. The Secretary of VVar has stated that the soldiers are not compelled to attend Sunday mass, and that those who do attend shall go without arms.

Before Congress meets, the Republic will probably go even fur-

The most hated religious order is :Bearing on Latin America that of the Jesuits. The burning in But the greatest influence of the Madrid started by setting on fire new Republic will be in Latin the three Jesuit centers, the crowds America. So far all the great camthat set them on fire passing by paigns of the Roman Catholic Church to check Protestantism in many other convents and monas- Latin America and to present Protteries without attempting any estantism as something antithetic harm. It is reported by reliable to and destructive of the religion press correspondents that the Republic is considering the suppres- and culture of the Spanish-speaksion of the Jesuit Society in Spain ing countries, have been conducted and exiling its members. In the with the support of the five or six three religious orders named in the millions of Spaniards who are liv- Concordat, the Jesuits are not men- ing today in Latin America, and tioned. Their legal position can be established only as one of the cases who are aided by a few lecturers of that fourth exception. and writers from Spain.

In the national elections on June When the first Protestant Con- 28th, the conservative republicans gress on Christian Work in Latin and socialists obtained an over- America met in Panama in 1916, it was the Jesuit Spanish maga- zine, Razon y Fe, which pointed out whelming majority; only half a to Catholics the danger and peril dozen monarchists were elected, no (as they say) of Protestant propa- communist having thus far been ganda. When, afterwards, Protes- named. tant forces met in Montevideo in The Effect on the Protestants 1924, it was a group of Spaniards that published a big volume, Vio- The immediate effect on the Prot- lando la Clausum, to discredit the estant Church of Spain will be Protestant work. A prominent a greater publicity and a new life. Spanish Jesuit lecturer was also Emblems of Protestantism can now sent around to give lectures about be put on places of worship, with the Roman Catholic Church as op- permission of the government; posed to Protestant Christianity.

public manifestations and acts of Between the Protestant Congress- es in Panama and Montevideo, a worship can also take place. Spanish delegation, headed by a Spanish cardinal, Benlloch, visited Almost all the members of the several Spanish republics to warn Protestant churches are republic- them against Protestantism and to ans or socialists and Spanish social- coordinate the Catholic forces ism is more conservative than the against Protestant propaganda. Labor Party of England. Many leading socialists today, who oc- When Protestants gathered in cupy high positions in the present Havana in 1929, it was Spaniards government, have been for a long who, through La Revista Cat6lica time sympathizers with Protes- (published by Spanish Jesuits in tantism. It is not necessary to be a North America), Razon y Fe (pubprophet or the son of a prophet to lished by Jesuits in Madrid) and foresee that Spanish Protestant- through special lecturers, made ism will now receive fresh impetus great efforts to check the Protesand new life. tant influence and work.

The influence of the Republic in where, in the last analysis, something Spain, committed to religious free- external? Is not all substance, in the dom and separation of Church and last analysis, eternally the same? It is, State, will cause Spaniards in Latin above all, as a model of essential sub- America as well as in Spain to re- stance that Spain means something to act in favor of religious freedom. a Europe which takes such delight in change. In any case, it is only as sub- There have been only a few na- stance becomes reality that Spain has tional leaders in Latin America a European future of a new kind. who have sympathized with Prot- Not for nothing did the new rise of estantism, but now many Span- Spain-for she is incontrovertibly on iards will join them in their sym- the rise again-begin with the close of pathy. the age of progress. Thus may she, as essence, forever remain what she has World-Wide Significance always been.

We hope for even greater things. Later in his lectures in Latin We believe that in God's providence America, Madrid, Paris and Berlin, the hour is coming when, in the he stated that the era of machinery great crisis which the Christian is coming to an end; and that a Church is facing, the Spanish- and new era is looming in which the Portuguese-speaking countries, of Iberian people (men of Spain, Porboth Europe and Latin America, tugal, Brazil and other Spanishwill help to' give a fresh interpreta- speaking countries) will be the tion to Christianity. leaders, and personality and indi- viduality will take the place of ma- The real issue today is between chinery and standardization. the destruction of personality and individuality by such forces as I have not been surprised to read Bolshevism, communism, material- in the April issue of The World ism, industrialism, commercialism, Evangelization, the following: and standardization of life, on the one hand, and, on the other, the Count Keyserling, the eminent phipreservation of personality, indi- losopher and writer, recently said, "I viduality and religion which always prophesy that an Iberian period will have been the great ideals of the follow the North American one which Iberian peoples. we are witnessing. All that is most important for the future of humanity When Keyserling wrote his book is to be expected from Spaqish Amer- "Europe," he said of Spain: ica, which is ripening, and from Spain which is arising. Such a cultural cycle It has always been the same Span- is endowed with all the qualities necesiard: the Spaniard who, in primeval sary to supplement or overpower the times, created the glorious rock monu- onesidedness of North America, leanments; who, as Roman emperor, more ing, as she does, towards the mechanthan once ruled the world; who con- ical and technical without taking into quered the New World; who painted account the true meaning of human the great portraits; who fought for existence." If there is a grain of truth the faith; and who once more today, in these words of the distinguished through the lips of Miguel de Una- author of "Europe and America Set muno, proclaims with magnificent bias Free," they surely lay upon Evanthe gospel of tragedy and of agony. gelical Christians of this generation And when we bear in mind that very who appreciate their responsibilities few peoples have pa,ssed through so towards Christ and towards their felmany racial changes as those of the lowmen, obligations which cannot Iberian peninsula, we are compelled to lightly be discharged. ask ourselves: Is not change every-

LIBERTY IN NEW

BY WAYNE H. BOWERS, Woodstock, Va.

T HE following decree on reli- Article 2. No one, whatever may be gion has been promulgated by his connection with the State, is Alcala Zamora, president of obliged to take part in religious festi- the Spanish Republic, with the con- vals, ceremonies, practices and ob- sent of the cabinet, and on the pro- servances. posal of Fernando de los Rios, Min- Article 3. All confessions are auister of "Justice," the department thorized to maintain their services, to which religious matters belong. both in private and in public, without A preamble refers to the alliance aanrey iomthpeorselidmbityattihoensruthleasn athnodsethwe hliacwh of the monarchy and Roman Ca- of public order.

tholicism, which in former years has reduced attempts to better the Nobody familiar with conditions in catholic countries during past condition of dissenting faiths to the years win fail to note the overobtaining of "mere tolerance." The preamble disclaims any desire on whelming importance of these simthe part of the new government to ple articles. They will remove anwound the religious sensibilities of noyances and difficulties for those followers of Roman Catholicism, seeking "civil" marriage whether but asserts its desire to make all or not there is to be an evangelical confessions equal before the law. service afterwards. They will pro- It refers to the fact that religious tect evangelical recruits in the liberty is a fundamental article of army from annoyances. They will the Society of Nations; that it is protect both privates and officers in safeguarded in the constitutions of the army and navy who may not prevailingly Catholic countries, desire to attend the open-air such as Ireland, Poland and Bohe- masses which have heretofore been mia; that even Spain has hitherto obligatory. They will tend to immaintained, in Morocco, a regime prove conditions in the public of complete religious liberty far su- schools for children of evangelical perior to that which has existed families, who have been discrimiwithin Spain herself; and that Ro- nated against ever since a public man Catholicism always claims lib- school system has been in existerty for herself in lands where she ence. They will permit advertising does not enjoy a position of su- of evangelical schools, services and places of worship, both in the press premacy. Mter this preamble, in dignified and by means of placards or other and beautiful Spanish, come the permanent announcements on the outer walls of churches, schools and following articles: other centers of Protestant activ- Article 1. No one, in any act of ity. service, or because of any relation with the State, is obliged to declare his reli- Above all, this decree marks the gion. Therefore both civil and mili- disappearance of the unendurable situation in which evangelical work ~ary.officials will abstain from making mqUlry regarding the religious beliefs has found itself, due to the clause winhicthhereCadosn:sti"tNutoiopnu, blAicrtmicanleife1s1~ of whoever may appear before them or may be subordinate to them.

570 tation of dissenting faiths will be clared members, would at once be allowed." That clause left it to the freed from the stigma of "heresy" personal judgment of officials, who which has weighed so heavily might be and almost always were against it for centuries, and would hostile, to determine what sort of a surely make considerable gains in thing was "public." For instance, the near future. a meeting held in a private home, attended by a small number of peo- As indicating the extent of the ple, but whose singing was audible abuses. which have grown up under to persons passing along the side- the old system of an official church, walk in front of the house, was held mention might be made of a custom to be a "public" manifestation of a whereby certain images of the Virdissenting religion, and heavy fines gin Mary, notably one called the were imposed by a hostile magis- "Pilarica" in the City of Zaragoza, trate under the control of the have been granted the rank of capclergy. All such danger is now re- tain-general in the Spanish army, moved. The way is opened also for together with the salary attached mass meetings in large rented halls to such an office, which salary has or theaters, and for open sale of been regularly paid out of the na- Bibles and other evangelical litera- tional treasury to the cathedral in ture, with abundant advertising which the image is kept. and without vexatious interfer- Alcala Zamora, the president, is ence. a sincere Catholic. He is, of course, It is confidently hoped that, as not a "regular" one, since to be Catholic and to be liberal at the soon as the new Congress is elected same time is a contradiction in and meets, complete separation of terms. He has been severely critichurch and State will be voted. cized for his leniency in dealing There will be sustained opposition with Cardenal Segura, Archbishop to this, but probably not sufficient of Toledo and ranking prelate in to prevent it. Spain, in merely banishing him from Spain for a sermon preached The direct and indirect results of in the cathedral, in which he openly such a separation are too numerous cursed the Republic, instead of jailto be discussed in this short article. ing him and prosecuting him for It might be indicated, however, disturbing the peace, as was done that in the first place, and in the to several generals recently. opinion of a number of her own leaders, the Roman Catholic Many conflicting statements have Church would gain in spirituality; been made with regard to the burnfrom really having to pay her ing of convents and churches a few priests out of her own pockets in- weeks after the establishment of stead of from the national treas- the republic. Photographs pubury; from being practically com- lished in Spanish papers indicate pelled to turn her attention from clearly that no violence was offered politics to religion; and from los- to inmates of the convents. On the ing a large number of adherents contrary, they were cared for, espewhose loyalty has been forced and cially the aged nuns, by crowds in unwilling. In addition to that re- the surrounding streets. There are sult evangelical Christianity, which some indications that the buildings even now has thousands of hidden were fired from within. sympathizers in addition to its de- Rev. Elias B. Marques, pastor of

a Protestant church at Santander, Interesting sidelights on the presunder the American Board, him- ent situation are these. The new self the son of a former pastor, a mayor of the City. of Zaragoza man who has recently turned down (150,000 inhabitants) is a former a flattering offer made him by lib- pupil of the Protestant day-school eral elements in that city to nomi- in that city and a friend and well nate and elect him a member of the wisher of evangelicals. The new mayor of San Sebastian (60,000) city council, writes as follows: is a republican lawyer who has on several occasions pleaded the cause It seems to be established that the of evangelicals in that strongly burning of the convents on May 11th was due to a maneuver of the mon- Jesuit city. The Secretary of the archists, in which the religious orders Treasury in the new cabinet, Inthemselves were complicated. It is dalecio Prieto, is a former pupil of possible that there is much truth in the evangelical schools in Bilbao (200,000), a close friend of a forthat, since many indications tend to mer pastor there, and for many corroborate the supposition. But it is years editor of the only really libalsQ undeniable that in the midst of it eral paper in that important indusall there was a sort of public feeling, trial city. As such he has written which the people wished to make very many articles and published many clear to the authorities, to the effect others written by evangelicals, inthat they were governing too gently. cluding the writer of this sketch, . . . I believe that the burning of the defending the rights and explainconvents and cathedrals marked an ele- ing the ideas of Protestants. This ment of deep discontent on the part of sort of thing, the occupying of imthe people with the tolerance and gen- portant positions by friends of tleness of the new government. Also it Protestantism, is going on all over should not be forgotten that there is the country. in the immense majority of the Spanish people an ardent desire, and a very It is to be hoped that, with greatold desire, that the religious orders ly increased facilities for popular (convents) should disappear, with the education under the new Spanish sole exception of such orders as are public school system, with greater "concordated." That is what the peo- contact with the outer world on the ple were expecting. And when they part of many intelligent Spaniards, saw that time was passing and nothing with the examples of Germany, was being done along that line, they Turkey and even China in republifelt defrauded in their hopes. Add to can achievements, with the abuses that the fact that the clericals became of the recent military dictatorship bolder and several bishops began to still fresh in the popular mind, speak openly against the republic and with a great majority supporting its "dangers," and that the government merely requested them to leave the Republic and with men of far Spain whereas the people would have greater ability and experience conpreferred that those bishops had been ducting it, the new regime may indicted and jailed, just as were sev- wisely and courageously maintain eral generals and politicians involved itself and give to the noble Spanish in the abuses of the former monarchy. nation a liberal government and The real "battle-horse" (point in bit- above all an atmosphere of genuine terest dispute) is the interests of the religious freedom which they have Roman Catholic Church. The people so long lacked. desire to see it separated from the State and very much limited in its political functions.

DR.' 'l' OYOHIKO KAGAWA AND DR. CHENG CHIN(l-YI TN

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931 * BY DR. C. Y. CHENG, Shanghai, China General Becr eta.ry oj the NuHmwl O'hrJ8tian Oouncil in Chi na- and- Moaf7ra·tor oJ the Church 0/ Ghrist in China A SPIRITUAL tug of war has awakening: to fall asleep again been and is still going on in or to become fully awake and alive China, as in the whole world, to all that is going on around.

between the Christian and the anti- Which is a truer picture of the Christian forces. Such a tug of Christian Church in China? Upon war has always been raging, but the answer to this question, one the present seems to have been can fairly determine the future of more severe and acute. The peace the Christian Church in China.

of the Church has been badly dis- Causes of Unrest. – Many eleturbed. It is not always a bad ments are responsible for this unthing to have one's peace dis- rest, elements both from within turbed. It often is a positive bless- and from without the Christian ing when one has been aroused Church. The Nationalistic Movefrom slumber. When a church is ment, the outcry against the sowell contented with itself, when called Unequal Treaties, the intelthere are signs of self-complacency, lectual and social awakening, the it is a blessing for the church to be restrictions imposed by the Govdisturbed and aroused. There are ernment upon Christian education, two possible results of such an are matters that have greatly dis- • Presr.nted at the BIennial Meeti ng of tb e turbed the peace of the Christian Natioll ll l ' Christian Council, Hnngchow, April 10·18, 193 1. Church. Within the Church itself, 573

there has been developed a critical China is emerging out of chaos, but attitude regarding many of the this new China does not seem to prom- ise much bright future to the propaga- Church's practices and traditions, tion of the Christian faith. On the especially by the younger elements contrary, Christianity is facing opof the Christian community. The position everywhere. The dream of a findings of the enlarged meeting "Christian Occupation of China" seems of the International Missionary to be fast vanishing, probably forever. Council held in Jerusalem in 1928, We must not forget that Chinese phifindings on the Christian Message, losophy began 2,500 year-s ago, with a on religious education and a num- Laotze who taught a naturalistic con- ber of other important subjects ception of the universe, and a Con- that have far-reaching significance fucius who was frankly an agnostic.

and effect; the launching of the This rationalistic and humanistic tra- Five Year Movement by the dition has always played the part of a churches throughout the country, liberator of a superstitious or fanatic which seeks for the deepening of religion. This cultural background of the spiritual life and the intensify- indigenous China is now revived with ing of the evangelistic spirit of all a new reinforcement of the methods who name the name of Jesus and conclusions of modern science and Christ; lately the Laymen's In- becomes a truly formidable safeguard of the intellectual class against the im- quiry which has sent experts as a position of any religious system whose Fact-Finding Commission to criti- fundamental dogmas, despite efforts cally and scientifically investigate of its apologist, do not always stand the work of missions in China with the test of reason and science; and a view to evaluate the worth of after all, Christianity itself is fighting modern mission methods; these its last battle even in the so-called and others have certainly been ele- Christendoms. People will realize that ments that have something to do young China was not far wrong in with the awakening of the Chris- offering some opposition to a religion tian Church. which in its glorious days fought re- ligious wars and persecuted science Christianity Challenged. – The and which, in the broad daylight of the opposing forces against Christian- twentieth century, prayed for the vic- ity in China have never been so tory 'Of the belligerent nations in the bold and positive in their denunci- World War, and is still persecuting the ations and criticisms. They make teaching of science in certain quarters no secret of what they think of of Christendom.

Christianity. They openly assert The spiritual tug of war will go that the Christian religion has no on without ceasing. Those opposed future in China. Let us reiterate to Jesus Christ have a right to their the words of the one who was opinion, though we do not accept largely responsible for the New their assertions. Our question is Thought Movement in China re- not what they but what we think, garding the future of Christianity say or believe about the future of in China. the Christian religion. If both our Many of the Protestant missionaries faith and experience make us abworked hard to awaken China and solutely convinced that in the end bring about a modern nation. China victory will be on the side of is now awakened and determined to Christ, we have to uphold that modernize itself. There is not the faith by sacrificial effort in His slightest doubt that a new and modern

THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA IN 1931

great work of salvation for the good effects. Notable mention may whole of mankind. be made of the famine relief work done by Christian people in China A Turning Point.-The past few years in the life of the Christian and abroad for the suffering mil- Movement in China have been lions in the northwest of China, eventful. For a time there was a specially Kansu, Shensi and Suispiritual depression that was felt yuan. far and wide. Many were uncertain of the future, and were dis- The visits of Dr. Kagawa, of heartened in the work; some have Japan, were an indication of the given up their Christian work, Church's interests in social welothers even renounced Christian- fare. This modern Christian saint ity. The Church was overwhelmed of the Orient visited Hangchow, by the onrush of opposition from Shanghai, Soochow, Tsinan and many quarters and representing Weihsien, where he met with great many interests. The anti-Christian crowds of both missionaries and Movement, the Communistic men- native workers who listened to his ace, the Nationalistic agitation, words. In this man of God one the New Thought Movement, the sees the happy combination of perstrained international relations, all have something to 9,0 with it. sonal religion and social passion. However, the spirit of dismay and It was certainly inspiring when he bewilderment has passed. Since then a changed attitude from in- declared the great truth that the ertia to activity has come over the Cross of Christ is the essence of Christian Church throughout the Christianity, the expression of country. The following points may God's love. Many left his meetings be regarded as signs of life in the more determined to work for the Christian Church during the past poor and needy.

two years. The N. C. C. Committee on Eco- Christian Nurture.-Evangelism nomic Relations has recently held an interesting conference to conand religious education have received much attention of Christian sider practical measures for helppeople throughout the land. There ing the economic conditions of the is an increased recognition of the Chinese people. Delegates came inseparableness of the two. Both from many cities to participate in native talents and special workers this gathering and went away from abroad have helped much in keener than before for the uplift direct evangelism. It would be im- of the common people. There are possible to enumerate these efforts. Suffice it to say effective work has a number of Christian or semibeen done in many churches for Christian organizations who are which we give thanks to God….. devoting their time and energy in facing some of the more urgent Social Consciousness.-It is grat- social problems, such as the Womifying to note that the Church en's Christian Temperance Union, has been kept busy during the past the Child Welfare Association, the two years in practical projects for National Anti-Opium Association the unfortunate and the suffering people. Many forms of applied re- and the Mass Education Movement are some of the representative orligion have been attempted with ganizations whose good work has aroused a good deal of public sym- pathy and admiration.

The Hope for the Future. – It

has been generally realized that a ception of the Chi~ese people bases big gap exists between the Church their national life upon the family.

and youth. Some would even say Unfortunately, to no small extent that there is a strong antagonism among Christians, the central po- between the two. While to a cer- sition has been shifted from the tain extent this is still true, one home to the Church. While no one is happy to note that a spirit of wishes to minimize the importance cooperation between Church and of the great Christian fellowship youth is gradually gaining ground. that we call the Church, it is still We are very happy for this new lamentable to weaken the position attitude which, if developed, will of the home. It is high time to enrich the life and work of both recover this great loss and realize parties in no small way. again that it is the home for the A group of Christian and gov- training of religious life of the ernment students recently signified young rather than either the their definite desire to cooperate Church or the school, however with the Christian Church in some great may be the services of these practical and definite projects. two important institutions.

Plans are being made for a joint In recent years there seems to summer conference in North China have awakened a new consciousness which will be the beginning of among the people of the impor- even greater cooperation in the tance of the home, and much days to come. thought and attention have been Provisions are being made for given to efforts for the Christiani- representative students and stu- zation of the home life of China.

dent leaders to have a definite The observance of a special Home share in the work of the Christian Week among Christian people, the Church so as to form a practical holding of a Leaders' Conference beginning which may later be to consider problems affecting the widened and enlarged until the home, the preparation and distri- youth finds his rightful place in the bution of literature in various affairs of the Christian Movement forms relating to problems of the in China. In like manner, some home have been universally re- church bodies have taken similar ceived with delight and enthusi- steps to usher in the practical coop- asm. In not a few of the Christian eration of the young men and periodicals special space has been women to take part in the impor- given to matters relating to the tant decisions in the Christian home. That in this endeavor we Movement. The decisions of the are touching one of the main Church of Christ in China in such springs of the life of China, is a matters may be taken as an illus- fact that can hardly be doubted.

tration of this new spirit and at- "Go to the People." – It is a titude for a definite cooperation healthy sign in recent years that between Church and youth. people both within the Christian The Backbone of China.-Prob- Church and those outside it are ably no people in the world lay paying a good deal of attention to greater stress on the central place fighting against illiteracy in this of the home than the Chinese. The country. It is not too much to say family is the backbone of the na- that this formidable enemy of tional life of China. The old con- China is blocking the way of prog-

ress in the development of both the Church is determined to fight this nation and the Church. It is not evil to a successful issue.

one day too soon that the Christian This great problem is in many Church is beginning to get serious ways in touch with the larger prob- about this matter. lem of the rural life in China. The Happily both the Mass Educa- popular outcry in China today is tion Movement at Tinghsien and to "go to the people," and the peothe successful experiment of the ple are to be found in the country American Board Mission at Paot- as the bulk of China's population live in villages and small towns. ing have greatly helped the Chris- To tackle the rural problem is tian Church as a whole in inspira- certainly an important point of tion and methods of handling this strategy, whether it is considered gigantic problem. The National from the point of view of the na- Christian Council was happy in tion or of the Church. having secured the services of the Rev. H. W. Hubbard for this par- The Greatest Book in the World. ticular line of work in connection -It is not far wrong to say that with the Five Year Movement. more literature has been published The institute held at Tinghsien last in China in recent years against spring has ,encouraged a number the Christian religion than in all the past years since Protestant of church workers to take definite steps in seeking for the elimination Christianity first touched China's of illiteracy from their churches and neighborhood. The Baptist soil. There has never been such Church in Shantung has appointed five secretaries for this purpose an intelligent and determined atwho are in charge of some 150 classes in Shantung. Excellent ef- tack upon the Christian position. fects have followed. If the Christian Church is really in earnest Yet it is equally true that the cirabout this matter, it is not impossible to have illiteracy greatly re- culation of the Christian Bible in duced, if not totally removed, within a few years, at least from the China in recent years has also been Christian Church in China. This means that the Bible will become singularly successful. The report an open Book to every person who has sworn his or her allegiance to of the circulation of the Bible by Jesus Christ. Think of the blessings and possibilities of a Bible- the three Bible Societies in China reading Church for China! It is yet, h:nvever, too early to predict for the last two years clearly how successful this attempt will be, for it largely depends upon the showed the fact that the Word of question whether or not we really mean business. We are thankful God is being more widely read in China today than ever before. Ac- cording to the figures given by these societies, close to 26,000,000 copies of the Bible, or portions of it, have been circulated which showed a more remarkable increase than all the preceding years. Moreover, the Chinese version of the Bible has been more appreciated by non- Christian scholars in this country than in former years. Such well- known scholars aosthCehrsowhaTvzeo-jreen~ Hu Shih, and for the measure of success that has marked that the translation of the already been attained. But there Bible is an excellent piece of work.

is much work ahead still, if the This is not noticeable as in contrast 2

with the attitude taken by scholars What is the Christian message for in the past who had no good word China today and how is that message to say about the Bible. It was a to be presented? book beneath their dignity to read. No truer words have ever been What are the reasons for the scarsaid by General Chang Chih-chiang city of intelligent and educated young than those words printed in large men for the Christian ministry and gold letters on the covers of the leader,ship and how are we to secure, specially bound Bibles the general train, utilize and keep such leaders for ordered from the American Bible Christian services? Society for his Christian and non- Christian friends, "This is the When and by what methods will the greatest Book in the world!" ministry of the printed page have its rightful place in the program of the Unsolved Problems. – These are Christian enterprise in this country? some of the encouraging signs in the Christian Movement in China What do we understand is religious during the past two years. They liberty and how is it to be attained and indicate that the Church is develop- safeguarded?

ing along healthier lines. Allowing What is our duty in international refuller growth and development, lations between China and the nations they will mean untold possibilities of the West, especially of the Orient? for the future. It must, however, be recognized that we are still at How far do Christian people in the beginning of things. A great China understand and practice the deal more of sacrificial work and meaning of stewardship and what are wholehearted devotion are neces- the practical methods in realizing selfsary before we may expect fruitful support? results. However, we are thankful for these beginnings and pray that How may we avoid the unhealthy the Spirit of God will direct and in- attitude of intolerance and what place spire us to aim at nothing less than does tolerance hold in the life of Christhe best. Let the proverb, "The tians. good is the enemy of the best," be the slogan on the lips of each Chris- How far are we committed to the tian in China. There is no reason Church-centric ideal and are we honfor an unhealthy contentment and estly applying it in actual practice? satisfaction. Not only are we far from the goal that is before us, but Do we realize our supreme need is a we still have in our midst a number spiritual one and that the Christian of problems that are almost un- Church has no future in China unless touched, each one of which involves our lips are touched by the life-coal great possibilities either for good from the altar of God and the dry or evil. We can only make mention bones are vitalized by the breath of of them in the hope that more time, God's spirit? thought, energy and prayer may be given to them at the earliest pos- These and other problems are sible moment. staring right into our eyes, await- ing a definite answer. Looking at Let the following questions be the situation of the Christian reasked: ligion in China today, we cannot fail to realize the greatness of the task and our inability to undertake it. We seem to hear again the word of the Psalmist, "Who is sufficient for these things?" But there is also the reassuring word of our Lord, "With God all things are possible." Let us march forward in the strength of Him who is "the same yesterday, today, and for ever!"

NEW MISSIONARY

A Study of the Need for Revising Presbyterian Foreign Mission Policies and Methods at the Lakeville Missionary Conference BY THE EDITOR SAFE and sane, rather than rad- the new secretary and chairman ical and revolutionary, are the of the Committee on Arrangewords that characterize the ments; Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Presbyterian Missionary Confer- president of Princeton Theological ence held at Lakeville, June 20-30, Seminary and a member of the 1931. It was a study of Foreign Board, and Dr. Lewis R. Mudge, Missions, policies and progress, the present moderator of the As- somewhat similar to the annual sembly.

Williamstown Conference on Inter- Eight delegates came from the national Policies. Eleven years ago "younger churches" on the mission a "Post-War Missionary Confer- fields. This was an advance over ence" was held in Princeton, New the Princeton Conference, eleven Jersey, and some important poli- years ago, when there were none cies were adopted as to the gov- present. Dr. Cheng Ching-Yi, mod- ernment of missions, the field erator of the Church of Christ in administration, woman's place in China and secretary of the China missions, salaries and furloughs, Christian Council and Rev. Hsueh the relation of the Church on the Ging Chang, of the North China field to the Mission, and as to coop- Theological Seminary were able eration and union. The Lakeville and constructive representatives Conference was forward looking of the 900,000 Protestant Chinese and forward moving-step by step Christians; Rev. S. N. Talib-ud- rather than by leaps and bounds. Din, professor in the Theological Many of the findings were pegs to Seminary at Saharanjur and Rai keep us from slipping back; others Bahadu N. K. Mukerji, an elder were stakes set ahead to mark the in the Church at Allahabad, ef- line of progress. fectively represented the United The personnel of the Conference Church of North India; Rev. Ku- was extremely interesting. Of the metaro Sasao, Ph.D., dean of 152 who attended the Princeton Meiji Gakuin, Tokyo, was a most meeting ,only twenty-five, includ- acceptable delegate for the Church ing eight missionaries, were among in Japan; Rev. In Choon Kim, pas- the two hundred delegates pres- tor of the Church in Pyengyang ent at Lakeville. There were four spoke well for the Christians of moderators or former moderators Korea; Rev. Stephen Kyoobyar, of of the General Assembly. These Tabriz brought us the viewpoint included Dr. Charles R. Erdman, of Christians in Persia; Rev. Er- the president of the Board who asmo Braga, D.D., was an ideal presided over the conference with representative of the Church in his usual courtesy, geniality and Brazil and Rev. Leonardo Dia, pas- skill; Dr. Robert E. Speer, the tor of the Church at Albay, repre- senior executive secretary of the sented the Philippines.

Board; Dr. Cleland B. McAfee, The ninety missionaries present 579

came from fifteen foreign coun- of the groups were considered, tries and twenty-six Presbyterian modified and adopted by the whole missions and represented 1,491 conference. Now they are to be missionaries of the Church. They submitted to the various missions included men and women of wide and to the Board at home and will experience and large achievement become fully operative when ap- -Dr. O. R. Avison, founder of the proved by the General Assembly.

Christian College of Chosen and The Lakeville Conference was the Severance Medical College in broadly educational and truly in- Seoul; Rev. and Mrs. Arthur E. spirational. It was characterized Harper, of the famous Moga Mis- by friendliness more than by criti- sion School, North India; Dr. Ed- cism. Little fault was found with ward M. Haymaker, of Guatemala, the past but much faith was felt who went to Latin America nearly for the future. The delegates dis- fifty years ago; Dr. and Mrs. A. cussed the varied work in Africa, K. Reischauer, of the Woman's Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Bra- Christian College, Tokyo; Dr. zil, Venezuela, Chile, Syria, Persia, Ralph C. Wells, of the China Mis- Mesopotamia, India, Siam, the sion Council and Dr. Samuel M. Philippines, China, Japan and Zwemer, the apostle to the Mos- Chosen. As the extent and variety lems, now a 'professor at Princeton. of the work were described, the There were also over forty pas- problems, the needs and the vast tors, laymen and women represent- untouched multitudes, all were im- ing the American Church-most pressed with the greatness of the of them widely influential in keep- task and the opportunity before ing missionary fires burning at the Church. Reports of the inade- home. quacy and failure of non-Christian The ten days in the charming religions, of materialism or intel- New England home of the Hotch- lectualism to meet human needs, kiss Preparatory School for Boys and the testimony of men of many were filled with delightful Chris- races as to the satisfaction and tian fellowship and inspiration and the power found in Christ, revealed with constarit attention to the busi- the supreme importance of Chris- ness of the Kingdom. After stimu- tian evangelism.

lating addresses on the aim and The many problems' and the spirit of the conference by Dr. many ways in which the work is Speer, Dr. McAfee and Dr. Erd- carried on – through preaching, man, the conference early divided Bible and tract distribution, house- into five groups to consider in de- to-house visitation, teaching, train- tail and to bring in Findings as to ing workers, medical and social the (1) work of world evangel- work, the preparation and distri- ism; (2) the educational, medical, bution of literature and the forma- social and literatUre branches; (3) tion and development of the Church the relation between the missions in each field-impressed all with and the churches on the field; (4) the vast variety offered in the mis- executive administration; and (5) sionary enterprise.

the promotion of missions in the Among the most encouraging home Church. The discussions features of the conference were, were based on recommendations first, the progress noted in the from the fields and the findings "younger churches" in the field to- '

FORMING NEW MISSIONARY POLICIES

ward self-government, self-exten- dations from the mlSSlOns and sion and self-support. While the churches on the field were connumber of foreign missionaries sidered and while the "younger have remained almost stationary churches" did not gain all they dein the past ten years, the number sire in representation on mission of communicant members has in- councils and in the control of funds creased thirty per cent and the re- furnished by the home church, ported gifts from churches in the they were encouraged to assume field fifty per cent. There have all the responsibility and independalso been several notable move- ence they are willing and able to ments for church union in Japan, carry and were promised generous China and India. These union and wise help in establishing inmovements make it impossible to digenous churches. In every field compare figures accurately. where these churches are growing the plans recommended will, if Another encouraging feature of carried out, make most of them the conference was the emphasis independent of mission councils at placed on the prime importance of the time of the next decennial conevangelism, or personal witness to ference. Christ, in every branch of the work. This echoes the sentiment 2. To the missionaries and misof workers in the mission fields. It sions on the field the conference was recommended at the confer- brought encouragement because of ence that the responsibility of ev- the closer and more understanding ery missionary for personal evan- fellowship with the Board execugelism be stressed, and that only tives and with the Church at the those be sent out whose aim and home base. The true unity of the qualifications fit them to be per- work and the workers was evident. sonal workers to win men and Missionaries go to the front with women to Christ as preaching the assurance that able, faithful evangelists, teaching evangelists, and self-sacrificing executives are medical evangelists, social evan- at home to do an in their power to gelists, etc. This does not mean support them and to make their less effective work in schools, hos- work effective. pitals or other institutions but it does mean more stress on so "liv- 3. The Church in America was ing, working and speaking that ably represented at the conference the whole purpose will be to lead by pastors, women and laymen and men and women to p'ersonal ac- will feel the challenge of the treceptance of Christ and full com- mendous and important unfinished mitment to Him." The forward task before us. At least 200,000,- Christian movements in Japan, 000 of the unevangelized are the China and elsewhere were noted allotted field to the Presbyterian with thanksgiving. Church, U. S. A. We may also be encouraged by the vision of what The conference will mean much has already been done, as seen in to workers in all lines of mission- types of Christians who are becom- ing leaders of the Church on the ary service. field, by the devotion and calibre 1. To the churches in the mis- of missionaries who represent us abroad and by the statesmanship sion fields it carries a message of confidence from the Church in North America. Recommen-

and consecration of the executives as that at Lakeville, the word of on the Board. emphasis goes out. Overwhelming, 4. While these executives fully world-wide, colossal-these adjec- recognize the difficulties and ex- tives are none too strong. The tent of the work with which they home Church must know this.

are entrusted, they will have been Then it will give better and pray impressed at Lakeville with the more urgently.

consciousness that they are not 2. The home Church will also carrying the responsibility alone. rejoice at the earnestness of its The missionaries, the Church in missionary force. This is not new, the field and the Church at home but the emphasis will be renewed.

are working with them and are Here were about ninety ambassa- ready to follow their leadership. dors of Christ, back on furlough, Above all the leadership and power and all on fire for the great Cause.

of God is evident and the promise The hills about Lakeville will not of Christ that accompanied His hold back the flood of loyalty great commission is day by day and love and spiritual enthusiasm being fulfilled. His arm is not which this group represents. These shortened and His presence and men and women will pour into the power are manifest in every land home Church a stream of new in- whither His ambassadors have spiration and power. And because gone. of that, there will no doubt be a response in the form of greater WHAT THE HOME CHURCH interest, more earnest prayer, and MAY EXPECT nobler sacrifice. Even in these By THE REV. FREDERICK W. BACKEMEYER, times of depression next year's to- D.D., Gary, Indiana tal gifts ought to show an advance PfNltor of the Ji'ir8t PrC8blltcrian Ohurch because these missionary person- Pastors who were present at the alities are with us.

Lakeville Missionary Conference 3. The Findings of the Lakeville will interpret that gathering in Conference will probably never their own way to the churches they reach the Church at large. They serve, and as they have oppor- are too massive in their content to tunity, to the Church at large. The be so used. And yet, the effect of following points seem to be quite these vital Findings will be felt.

clear, and ought to bear upon the The policies adopted are so varied home Church in a vital way. and so implicatory that the wisdom 1. The home Church must real- which incorporated them into defi- ize what a tremendous piece of nite proposals is bound to "spill business our Board of Foreign over" into the home Church, and Missions is carrying on. How can will surely affect other related poli- the Church know the elaborate ma- cies in America.

chinery and the large personnel As the home Church becomes necessary to do the work? The more and more familiar with the remedy would be simple. Get every- various phases of the Foreign Mis- body to attend such a conference! sion task, she will more effectively Then they will know. But the order her own household, as indeed home Church will increasingly she needs to do. The Church looks learn of the vastness of the under- to the Board of Foreign Missions taking as, from gatherings such for the highest type of spiritual

statesmanship, a clear grasp of a deep sense of consecration and world conditions, the far vision, resolution regarding the future.

and practical plans as to progress. Many who were present said in As the Jerusalem Conference was their hearts, "Revive Thy work, 0 felt, so Lakeville will be felt also. Lord, beginning 'from' me!" Will 4. The restless, irrepressible de- the home Church catch this note of sire for a great "forward move- Lakeville and stress it also? Every ment" was voiced repeatedly. The department of our Christian enter- calls for advance came from mis- prise must be "geared in" so that sionaries, staff and Board mem- from each contact made there shall bers, and from the representatives go the clear note of the proclaimed of the churches on the fields. Who Christ, the direct appeal to per- could forget the very earnest pleas sonal allegiance to Him, the ur- made by Dr. Cheng Ching-yi and gency of accepting Him as Saviour others as they repeatedly asked for and Lord. This is the great giving advance. "Revive Thy work, 0 motive of missions in the home Lord, beginning from me!" Not Church, and the renewed emphasis only "in" me, but "from" me. The upon evangelism will react favor- home Church can hardly miss hear- ably in every direction.

ing the echoes of that call. Perhaps it is not too much to 5. The presence of nine outstand- hope that Lakeville will prove an- ing leaders of national churches in other "haystack" prayer meeting, the field will have a profound ef- where many a heart has gained a fect upon the home Church. In new estimate of the full meaning them we hear the voices of China, of the Great Commission! And of India, of Japan and Korea, of that attitude will be reflected in the Philippines, Persia and Latin the home Church, for it is of the America. And they are clear voices, essence of that consecration to God strong in conviction. They are liv- and His kingdom that lays hold ing witnesses of what the Gospel upon the promise that He will make can do among the intelligent people "His angels winds, and His min- of other lands. They are keen, isters a flame of fire." Will the thinking men. They are also the home Church be kindIed?

very best evidence of the growing strength of the Foreign Mission WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL program, and its effectiveness in MEAN TO MISSIONARIES setting up National Churches. By THE REV. W. M. MILLER, 6. The heart of the conference Tabriz, Persia was tender whenever the central What the Lakeville Missionary note of the missionary program Conference may mean to the mis- was sounded, viz., evangelism. sionaries on the field can best be an- From the first presentation by Dr. swered at the conference of 1941.

Speer, in which he voiced the We believe that God's spirit will "deep concern" of many thought- lead the whole missionary force of ful people concerning this chiefest the Church forward as the repre- of all the varied appeals of the sentatives of the missions were led Gospel message, to his last words at Lakeville. We confidently ex- as he closed the final session, there pect that the work in all fields will was a growing sense of penitence be influenced in the following ways: over the failures of the past, and 1. The Conference sounded a

DELEGA'l'ES FROM THE CHURCH IN THE FIEI,D. AT '['HE LAKEVILLE CONFERENCE Standing~Mr. Mukerji (No. India); Rev. Tulih -ud -Din (Punjab); Dr. Cheng (Chinn); Hev. I-l. G. Chang (China); Df'an Sasan (Japan); Hey. I. C. Kim (Chosen).

Seated-Rev. L. Din (PhilipVillPS); Rev. Stephen Kruobyar (Persia); Dr. Braga (Brazil).

note of confidence and hope which need. For this reason there was will give new heart to missionaries no note of pessimism or defeatism in all lands. Not once did anyone in any of the proceedings. The question the adequacy of Jesus anti-Christian forces, which are Christ to meet all the needs of operating so powerfully in all mankind. Not once was it suggest- parts of the world today, were ed that anyone could add anything faced squarely throughout the Conto Christ, or that anyone other ference, yet there was no feeling than He could satisfy the deepest that these can thwart God's good needs of the individual or of the purpose as revealed in Christ. race. Nor was there any suggestion On the other hand it was con- that there should be retrenchment fidently affirmed by all that "Our because of the economic depression message is Christ and our end is in America. Rather it was the con- Christ." The members of the con- viction of the missionaries, home ference know, as few other groups pastors, and members and secreknow, the best and the worst in the taries of the Boare!, that the only beliefs and life of the non-Chris- right course is an advance along tian world. All were of one mind the whole line. that none of the world's religions is adequate to meet the world's 2. The Conference laid special need. Christ is sufficient for every stress on evangelism. This will undoubtedly speed up this primary

WHAT THE CONFERENCE WILL MEAN TO MISSIONARIES

work of missions in every depart- and most necessary step toward ment. The fact was emphasized solving our problems and realizing that all missionaries should be our ideals." The church of Christ evangelists, and that "the Gospel in China has taken for its slogan is to be proclaimed and Jesus in its Five Year Movement the Christ to be made known not by prayer, "Lord, send a revival, beword or deed, but by word and ginning from me." If the churches deed, that preaching Christ and in all lands unite in this prayer, and living Christ are not to be disso- use the means which God has prociated, that truth and life go to- vided. a mighty spiritual awakengether and that this union is to be ing will come, not only in the vaeffected not by having some mis- rious lands where our missionaries sionaries who only preach and are working, but throughout the other missionaries who only heal world. and teach, but by having all missionaries communicate the Gospel THE CONFERENCE AND THE by both deed and word." CHURCH IN THE FIELD It was urged that in all our work we should aim, not merely to By RAI N. K. MUKERJI, Allahabad, India "make a gain, but to make a goal." We should keep ever before us the Tremendous changes have taken goal of world evangelization, and place all over the world since the use all our resources to achieve Great War. The spirit of restthat as speedily as possible. What- lessness is not satisfied with the ever else we may accomplish, we "old order." Even the proverbial can be contented with .nothing less "sleepy" East is very much awake. than full obedience to our Lord's command to "preach the Gospel to The churches in the mission field every creature." To accomplish have not been left untouched by this task we shall labor in hearty this spirit and it is obvious that the and joyous cooperation with our time has arrived when Christian brethren in the "younger churches" missionary societies and National in the various lands. It was urged Churches should make such modifithat the support and work of local cations in their policies and methchurches be taken over as soon as ods as will enable them to continue possible by the National Churches, their work for the Kingdom in a and that the missionary resources manner worthy of the cause. be released for advance evangelistic work. The Lakeville Conference de- clared that there is still tremendous 3. The Conference also sounded need for proclaiming more widely a call to prayer which we trust and effectively the principles and will result in a great revival in all ideals of our Lord Jesus Christ. parts of the world. "We desire to Much still remains to be done. A reaffirm our faith in the power and forward-looking pro g ram has, efficacy of prayer and our convic- therefore, been proposed for the tion that we need to give it first earnest support of the churches in place in our life and work. We America as well as those in the miscall upon all Christians to join in sion fields. We must move forward, definite intercession for revival in calling for fresh resources in men the Church in all lands as the first and money for the service of God and man. The churches in the field must also respond to it to the best of their ability.

The conference advocated full co- can the Word become intelligible operation between the older and and precious to a people who have younger churches. Any separatist not heard it before. – John A.

policy will be suicidal. The East as Mackay.

well as the West must respond to the prayer of the masses for unity. If we are to win the world to Christ we must see the condition The plan of cooperation between of mankind from God's viewpoint, missions and churches in the field we must sympathize with His prowill naturally vary according to gram, and purpose, must realize conditions. The Conference re- our partnership in the work and solved that, when desired by the our complete dependence on God. church in the field, the foreign missionaries should become full mem- bers of the local churches and sub- ject to its courts. This request was Prayer, earnest study of the made by the National delegates Bible, full obedience to the Word and, what was specially pleasing to 'of God, faithful witnessing to them, it was strongly supported by Christ and loving fellowship in the missionaries themselves. service are the secrets of success Rural communities and unevan- at home and abroad.

gelized areas 'in mission lands have a special claim on the Church. The If we would bring the Church at success of the Christian enterprise home into fuller and more sacriwill depend on how these "weaker" members of the Church and these ficial cooperation in the missionary unreached multitudes are shep- work of Christ, we must bring herded. On a certain occasion, when Jesus saw the multitudes, he Christians to realize not so much said to His disciples, "Give them to eat." Their word was "Send them the need to meet the budget or away." What will be the reply of their apportionment, nor to listen to the call for more recruits; but we must make them see sympa- the Church in America and the thetically the condition of men and women and children in other lands Church on the field today? without Christ and the evidences NUGGETS FROM THE LAKEVILLE of the power of Christ to save and CONFERENCE to satisfy, and enlist in service It is the joyous privilege of those who commit their lives to all true missionaries to incarnate Him.-Floyd W. Barr.

themselves completely among the other brethren of Christ. We dare The greater need of the missionnot as a missionary group form ary enterprise today is not for any little America, or little Eng- more funds, better equipment or land, or little Scotland, in India or more missionaries-much as these China or Latin America. We must are needed in many places-but it become so much one with our new is the need for more earnest prayer brethren through perfect sympathy and more vital spiritual life on the that we shall feel their joys and their sorrows. The mere foreign- part of the Church at home and ness must go from us and a new more complete dependence on God creative type appear. Only thUfi on the part of workers in the field.

WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?·

BY PAUL W. HARRISON, M.D., Muscat, Arabia W HAT policies appear wise in emotional content. We need mis- view of our ideal of mis- sionaries who can weep when they sionary work? My opinions speak of the sufferings of Christ. are given simply as the contribu- That type of evangelistic work is tion of one individual, not as the best adapted to the type of people opinions of any church or group. we are reaching.

In the first place, I believe that For the present, undoubtedly we our evangelistic work abroad must have an educational work to do in be simple if we are to build up a these mission fields. But what sort church made up of people too poor of education is likely to develop the to keep clean, too poor to be edu- church that we have outlined? It cated, too poor to be acquainted will have as its aim, in the first with the thought of the world, and, place, the hastening of the day therefore, from our point of view, when all educational work will be childish and oriental in their out- surrendered to the native governlook. If we want to make possible ments and to the native church. that kind of a church, our evan- That carries with it the implicagelistic message must be simple, tion of great simplicity in its one that can be understood and ap- material equipment, small and inpreciated by children, its creed expensive buildings, an equipment must be brief, like the marvelous which represents as small an inere e d of Mohammedanism, by vestment of Western money as means of which it has almost con- possible, and which can, therefore, quered the primitive world. It be more easily surrendered with must also be a message of dogmatic less acute pain on the part of the certainty and not a message of Westerner who gave it originally, doubtful and questioning analysis. and which will be a light and easy To primitive people we carry no burden for the much poorer native search for the truth, but an an- church to which it must be surnouncement of truth. rendered.

On most mission fields we are The present missionary policy not working with college graduates is deviating from this particular ninety per cent and coolies ten per ideal. The buildings that we build cent, we are working with coolies to house our educational missionninety per cent and men of a mild ary work abroad grow year by degree of education ten per cent. Therefore this message of simple year in expensiveness and elabointellectual content and dogmatic rateness. Every year we build certainty must be clothed with a them further and further from the vivid emotional expression. The standards of the people for whom general attitude of the stoic is not they are intended and· into whose the attitude of the people that we hands they will inevitably be surdesire to reach. Our Christian rendered. We should build for our message must be filled with a high educational work, cheaper build- ings with less elaborate and ex- Se:n'fn~~i.'hird Lecture at Princeton Theological pensive equipment so that they can be easily surrendered.

587

The same argument holds for sible from our present function as hospital buildings. We should government servants in educating study to make the cost of our in- the general public. Here I am stitutions as small as 'Possible for diverging radically from most the sake of the church. The native present-day mission policy, and church has little money to spend, perhaps no educational missionary so we should make as small an in- will agree with me, ten years from vestment on our part and as light now I believe that many will agree.

a burden on their part as we can. We have been entangled, to a de- What Kind of Education ~ gree that is not recognized here at home, in the government's 'pro- In the meantime, what sort of gram for education in these differ- educational work do we want to ent countries. India is in my mind carryon in this "ten dollar build- particularly, and most educational ing" which we will surrender missionary work is carried on with twenty-five years from now? We the government paying about half will undoubtedly try to teach our of the running expense, building baptized Christians to read. We about half of its buildings, and can aim at that much education dictating its character so that we even in a church of great poverty. are not able to make it a very effi- We will aim to make every church cient or active missionary enter- member literate so he can read the prise.

Bible and make himself acquainted It comes to this: we do for the with his brethren elsewhere by government a great deal of the means of letters and, to a moderate educational work that the govern- degree, with the world outside. ment ought to do herself, and we This is putting no burden upon are not able to make that work them too grevious to bear even in very efficient as missionary work.

their poverty. That represents not W€ who are aiming at building a an artificial and exotic thing but a church for the future made up of genuine development for which we the very poor, will extricate our- will aim now. selves from that entanglement with We will also train leaders for the government educational sys- that church who will go back to tem as rapidly as we can.

live in the villages and in the tribes What Sort of Medical Work ~ where this church exists. We are not primarily concerned in devel- What sort of medical work oping a number of beautiful orna- should we be doing for the sake of ments for the kingdom of God, this coming church? First of all men and women whose education we will take away about ninety- and attainments can compare fav- nine per cent of the emphasis put orably with the best in America, upon self-support for mission hos- but we are ,interested in training pitals and the pressure put upon leaders who will, in India, go back the patients to pay fees for medical to live in the Indian villages where attention. Here, too, we are differ- the church is, and who, in Arabia, ing from the mission board pol- will go back to live among the ICIes. An able discussion of this tribes where the church will be. particular problem comes from the In the third place, we will extri- pen of a Lutheran missionary in cate ourselves as rapidly as pos- South India. He says:

SHALL WE SIMPLIFY MISSION WORK?

From the time the dispensary was in a spirit of gratitude to help us." opened, we have made it a practice to As it is, many people appear to have charge each patient something for the idea that we make money by our medicine given-the well-to-do full medical work. The idea is no doubt price, others one-half, ,one-third, or foolish, but it exists and it makes the one-fourth, according to ability to people unwilling to help fill the forpay, and the very poor receive medi- eigner's pocket. cine free. From the economic point of view there is much to be said for To their minds, medical mission such a practice. It not only assumes service ought to be free, and I canas large receipts as are consistent not say that their intuition is wrong with the individuals able to pay, but because as a service of love given to trains the people to realize their own win their souls toward Christ, it ought obligation. And yet having carried to be given freely, in order that it may on this practice for over two years touch the hearts of the people as selfand observed its effect on the patients, less love and not as love partly comas well as on the missionary, I am on mercialized. As it is, the people try the point of saying that in an in- in every way to avoid paying even the sidious way and to a very large extent little that is demanded. They have it breaks the force of Christian love forgotten to bring money and will manifested in medical mission work, pay when they come back tomorrow. and so at once undoes partly what one Knowing that the poor are charged has effected, or it prevents the service little or nothing, some come in rags. of love from having any effect at all. Others, thinking it unlikely that the missionary will test on the spot the Mission work in general, and med- eggs that they bring in payment, ical mission work in particular, is a bring eggs which under cover of their service of love, and the people who shells have passed through many know anything at all about the Chris- metamorphoses. This makes it necestian message, expect it to be such. sary to lay down stringent rules: Demands for payment, though it be "No money, no medicine; no payment but for the medicine and usually only in kind unless it is bona fide." The a mere fraction of that, and not for words differ, but the sentiment is the the service of the missionary, never- same as that expressed in the welltheless acts as a disturbing element known signs seen in commercial esin the spiritual relation which the tablishments: "This is a cash business; mis·sionary is endeavoring to establish. please do not ask for credit." The missionary comes to the patient, perhaps even to his own horne, shows What is accomplished by insisting him his symptoms, gives him a Gospel on payment at best is only a paltry message, tries to direct him to the sum, and for this paltry sum we risk real Healer, and then when a truly the creation of an adverse impression spiritual atmosphere has been cre- and make the Indians wonder wherein ated, hands him his medicine and says, Christian sincerity differs from that "Two annas, please." The effect of of medical service. Thus by our own this on some of the patients is marked, hand we put impediments in the way it is no less so on the missionary him- of the success of a work which withself who involuntarily feels that the out these added impediments is surely request for money under such circum- difficult enough. stances is as discordant with the spiritual harmony of the situation as Are we not really losing, so far as a shrill factory whistle would be in a our ultimate goal is concerned, symphony orchestra. How much more namely, the winning of souls for in place would it not be to say, Christ? "Friend, we do not charge; we are glad of any help as you desire to give Probably none of our boards will agree with that missionary, but many missionaries will. In the

first place, then, if it is wise that mission field to duplicate the med- medical missionary work in a ical institutions in America and primitive community, reaching out thereby carry to the Orient all of to draw non-Christians toward the medical equipment that we Christ, should be an absolutely have here.

free expression of Christian love, In New York City they are now then even for the rest of the Chris- building the Cornell Medical unit tian community it is to be a very with accommodations for a thou- much simplified type of medical sand patients, and costing thirty work. million dollars. I do not say that The eventual medical practice in money is wasted; it is being spent countries of this kind must of for genuine medical advantages, necessity be very much less ex- but it requires no great argument pensive than medical practice is to show that India cannot carry in America. The Massachusetts on medical work that costs thirty General Hospital, which still is, I thousand dollars for every bed in think, one of the most efficiently the hospital. To build these up-to- managed hospitals in the country, date hospitals actually costs the finds that it costs $6.14 a day to United States about four thousand treat a patient. The patient pays dollars per bed. India and Arabia nothing for it is a charity hospital. cannot do that. Something is The Western Reserve Hospital wrong with mission work of that figures that last year it cost them kind.

$8.70 per day for every patient. If the first thing about medical It requires no argument to prove missionary work for the non- that such a rate of expense for Christian community is that i,t Arabia is preposterous. My should be free, the second thing is friends in the cities in Arabia earn that we should study to develop a perhaps eight annas a day (fifteen simplified and inexpensive type of cents), while in the interior they medical and surgical work which earn perhaps six cents a day. One shall still be efficient and credit- day's treatment in the Western able. That is not altogether im- Reserve Hospital would cost those possible. Even in Muttra, Arabia, people three months' wages 1 The where we work with just such a major problem in Arabia is to poor community as I have de- bring prices down within the reach scribed, we were able last year to of these poor people. perform two hundred major opera- Our medical missions are not out tions, about four hundred minor there as a permanent institution. operations, and perhaps four or The medical missionary always five thousand individual patients works with the idea that one of his were treated in the dispensary.

major jobs is to create an indige- The whole expense was about fif- nous medical profession to take his teen hundred dollars. That, per- place. If we are going to do that, haps, does not reach the economic then we must study to make the level of that particular community, costs of medical treatment as low but it does represent a tremendous as possible, and that means that reduction in the cost of medical we must introduce a greatly sim- treatment in America. We must plified medical and surgical prac- study for simplicity and inexpen- tice out there. Weare not on the sive work in our medical work, and

we must build "ten dollar hos- ernment schools in place of estab- pitals" rather than thirty million lishing their own parochial school.

dollar hospitals. These hospitals The public schools were inferior in which are ultimately to be turned quality and in moral influence, but over to the Indian and to the the missionaries believed that the Arabian church must place as light church should be made indigenous a burden upon them as possible. and should help to improve the The Yale Corporation has found government schools. '

that a building which cost, we will This is a very important point say, five hundred thousand dollars, in mission policy and one which is not an extravagance, but it con- has been neglected. Weare accus- stitutes a steady drain upon the tomed to suppose that Christians organization that carries it. Yale would better send their children to has found it necessary to set aside, private schools on the mission field when a building is built, one-third for fear that the religious influ- of that building's cost as an endow- ences in the government schools ment for maintenance. An ex- might be unsatisfactory. Experi- pensive building would constitute ence in South America points in a great burden to the church in the opposite direction.

the mission field. Thus the argu- Self-Supporting Missionaries ment is perhaps even stronger in regard to medical institutions than One point remains to be discussed, for school buildings that we must namely, as to the type of mission- build, so far as we possibly can, aries we should send out to ac- for ten dollars instead of for thirty complish this purpose. The s e million dollars. missionaries should not only be It is generally acknowledged able to sympathize with these peo- that we should study, far more ple in their desire for an emotional than we have been studying, to religion, but be able to bring them make the Church, in mission lands a simple message with dogmatic indigenous and an integral part of certainty. An important recent the community in which it exists. development in a missionary policy In a recent issue of World Domin- is the sending out of non-profes- ion there is an article by a mission- sional or self-supporting mission- ary named John Ritchie of South aries. I believe that in Arabia we America. There I think they have would be better off if we had a led the way in missionary practice. number of missionary carpenters They had a long struggle to be per- or blacksmiths, or other types of mitted to bury their dead in the workmen, who, like Paul, earn community cemetery. It would their living with their hands.

have been easy for them to get In the missionary situation that from the government free land for I am acquainted with, the addition an independent cemetery but they of such an element would be an wisely insisted upon the privilege enormous advantage. In Bahrein of burying their dead in the com- we have a convert. (This is an munity cemetery. They were aim- exact case.) This man used to be ing to make that Protestant church the captain of a sailing boat, and indigenous in that community. earned quite a fair living. He was They fought for the privilege of connected with the ruling family sending their children to the gov- in the town and belonged to the

elite. After that man professed porting workers? I think that conversion, he went to wreck would be possible in many places. largely because of the economic Arabia is probably as difficult a situation in which he found him- field as any. Twenty or thirty years self. He was ostracized by the en- ago, in the days of the Turkish rule, tire community; no one would em- a Christian carpenter came out to ploy him; nobody would buy from Hodeida. A more hostile rule to him or have anything to do with Christian missions it would be difhim. How is a man like that to ficult to find but this carpenter extract his living from such a hos- lived there for months and years tile environment? Moreover, that and nobody molested him. He was man's major sin in the old days in a position to teach European was pride, and this major sin still cabinet making to local people of rests on his soul to this extent that the same trade who were willing to he is unwilling to engage in most learn. Ninety per cent of local hosforms of manual labor. tility might be overcome by teach- ing men to do better work and so Who is going to handle so deli- earn a better living. Missionaries cate a situation? Our missionaries of that kind would reenforce the have never earned their living in contribution which we are in a pofree competition with other people sition to make even in the initial even in the most friendly environ- stages of evangelizing a primitive ment. Their fathers sent them to country. Such a missionary can school and upon graduation they help develop that church because became missionaries on a salary. he is a member with other members They know nothing about the and contributes to the solution of problems which would be created the very difficult church problems. if they were pitch-forked out into open competition even in their own I do not mean that we should country, so how are they going to eliminate the professional type of be competent advisors of the waifs missionary but the self-supporting and the strays in Bahrein who be- missionary could carryon a much come Christians and are disqual- less elaborate enterprise. Upon us ified for employment because of the will rest the opportunity and the unfriendly environment. If we responsibility of encouraging that had a missionary who was earning policy. I imagine that today you his living as a carpenter, or a could put an expert missionary farmer or a blacksmith, he might automobile mechanic in five hunbe the advisor that this hard- dred points on the mission field to pressed Arab needs. Men of that the great advantage of everyone of type could contribute to the de- them. An earnest Christian could velopment of converts in a way make a contribution that would be that the present missionary staff tremendous. We want to encourage the going out of self-supporting is unable to do. Christian missionaries who will supplement and strengthen the Should we not encourage mis- missionary enterprise. sionaries like that to locate in the different mission fields as self-sup-

I LEFT ISLAM FOR

BY M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Punjab, India A Teacher in Gordon. CoHege, Ra.walpindi" Punjab" India I WAS born a Moslem but al- I found things in it that I could though I attended both a mis- not understand and other things sion school and a Christian that I could not half understand. college my interest in Christianity I began with the Gospel by Matdid net begin until after I had de- thew and when I came to the Sercided not to continue my college mon on the Mount, I said: "Here work. Relieved of these studies I is something very different from could devote myself to books on what I am accustomed to hearing. religion. My uncle is well known in North India as the compiler of dictionaries in Hindustani, Arabic and Persian and as the author of several books dealing with reli- gious SUbjects. I was particularly interested in one book in my uncle's library, written in Urdu (or Hindustani) verse, and called "The Prayer of a True Christian." Moslems claim to be the heirs of all the prophets and the sacred writings that preceded the revelation to the Prophet of Arabia. "The Prayer of a True Christian" was written by a Moslem to controvert Chris- tian teaching and was designed to M. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE show how the Islamic religion was "true Christianity" from which the Christians had gone astray. There were numerous references in it to Can these things be so?" There various passages in the Bible. I was nothing in the Koran that I read the book and reread it. A could remember which spoke of thought struck me! Though I such attitudes toward God and could not verify the references to man. When I went over again the Old Testament I decided to see some portions of the Koran I was how this book compared with the more disconcerted than ever.

New Testament, a copy of which When I came to the Gospel of had been presented to my father John, I found an atmosphere alto- about the year 1898 by the Punjab gether different from any I had Branch of the British and Foreign ever breathed before. Here was Bible Society. I had seen the book God spoken of as loving sinful men.

lie on the shelf as long as I could I had heard of God judging men recollect, but it had never been on the last day but never of God read. loving them in the present day. In Beginning to read the Testament fact, it had never occurred to me 593 3

that God had anything so directly Testament. I was rent between the to do with men. It was strange! two types of teaching. I read other books on the subject but for fear On the other hand. There were of arousing the suspicion of my things in the New Testament that parents I had to keep everything were extremely repugnant to a secret. I studied till late at night, Moslem. I had, for instance, al- long after everyone in the house ways imagined that the Christians had retired. I also sought out a worshiped three gods. Islam has Christian friend who had taught laid great stress on the unity of me in college and had a long talk God. "There is no god but God" with him. At the end of the interhas been the creed of Islam view I was convinced of two throughout these centuries. It puz- things: first, that the Christians zled me that Christians could not did not worship three gods, but see that there was only one God. I only one; secondly, that sin is a could not see how such a spiritual far more serious affair than to be religion could go astray on the most removed by fastings and alms. But fundamental question of all. "If I was more puzzled than ever. there seem.s to be any truth in I tried to reason myself out of Christianity/' . 1 reasoned, "it is the situation and then tried to for- get the whole matter. Anything what is left to it of the original true in Christianity I attributed to teachings of'Jesus. Truly the Injil its primitive form, and its attrac- (Gospel) has been subverted by tion for me I thought to be the sugthe Christians." gestion of the devil. But I could not forget what I had di.scovered. There was another difficulty- I knew that I was a sinner and the problem of the Cross. To an that I needed a Saviour, but I orthodox Moslem there is nothing thought that Christ could not have mm.i! absurd than to believe that anything to do with this. the 'Son of God was crucified for the sins of men. How can the right- Weeks of suspense and agony eOUll suffer for the unrighteous? passed. I was seriously in doubt HoW is it possible for one man to and decided to read the Gospels take away the sins of the whole again to see what faults I could race? To depend on fastings, end- find in them. But I only discovered less prayers, penance and alms is that Jesus had a far larger place understandable, but to think that in them than I was willing to admere faith is sufficient-why it is mit. "God," said I, "if this is corpreposterous! rect what shall I do? Can the New Testament be right after all?" Even disregarding other objections, a great gulf exists between Another thought now deterred Christians and Moslems. By com- me. If I should follow the way of mon consent Christianity has been the Gospel I could not stay with regarded among the people of In- my loved ones. I dared not think dia as the religion of the foreigner of all that was involved in my turnand the outcastes. Consider the ing away from the faith of my fadisgrace of accepting a religion of thers. But I had to make the choice the outcastes! The term Christian between God and man. Jesus had is to us a synonym for a scavenger anticipated this difficulty and said and a pariah. High born men could that His followers must be ready not think much of Christianity!

But I could not overlook the New

WHY I LEFT ISLAM FOR CHRIST

to give up everything to follow Him there are new and limitless vistas and that sacrifices in this world ever opening up. Though it is imwere recompensed by rewards from possible to explore anyone of them the Father in heaven. fully in this life, we have the as- surance that Christ is the pledge Finally I decided to give up my of our eternal life. In Him we live home, my family, and my friends and move and have our being and and as a result suffered many hard though the earthly house of our experiences which I cannot re- life grow old and fall we have an count. On the first of May, 1921, eternal Home with Him. I was baptized and was received into the fellowship of Christ. In Christ I have seen a marvel- ous vision of the future of man- Was this giving up of home and kind. Here is a comprehensive and kindred and the other things of an all inclusive goal which is life worth while? During these ten worthy of the best effort and highyears that I have tried to follow est sacrifice of every individual. Christ I have never for a second Children of God are welded toregretted the step, but have felt gether into a brotherhood of rightthat it was the wisest thing I have eousness in the Kingdom of God. ever done. My reward in Christ The human race is marching tohas been far more than I had ex- ward that goal of the high calling pected. . of God in Christ Jesus. I am cer- tain that it is only in approximat- My Reward ing to this ideal of the Kingdom of God, which Jesus revealed, that the In the first place, the mere dis- human race will ever arrive at that cipline of having gone through era of peace and felicity for which such an experience leads to a better we all hope and pray. appreciation of life and the things that one has are enjoyed in a new To live in Christ is also to live spirit. God gave me a vision and for Christ; therefore I am urged it is a great satisfaction to have to be of service to those among followed the call at His bidding. whom my lot is cast. There are This has made me more reliant on new reserves which I must develop Him· and more contented. and use in His service. In the life that I lived apart from Him I Christ has given a unity and a squandered the talents that I had· meaning to my life. He is the clue but now I have the ambition to to the tangled skein of my life. In use what is left for my God and so far as I am able to yield myself my fellowmen. There was a time to Him I find that He is able to when my chief desire was to get make me conquer self and to be a a comfortable place for myself and happier man. In my fight against to live at ease, but now I could sin I am now on the winning side. never be happy if I were not sure The guilt that wrecked my happi- that the work that I am doing is ness is removed by the power of what He would have me do. I am God. Though I am so imperfect I happy because I serve not a dead find in Him that singleness of Master but a living Lord. heart and purpose which lead to moral and spiritual well-being. But surpassing all this, in Christ I have found God. He is the tangi- Christ has given me a new out- ble manifestation of God. In so look on life which I would not exchange for the whole world. The world seems so much larger and

far as I am able to apprehend history. We have not outgrown Christ I am able to understand either the need of God nor the dewhat God is like. I believe in God because I believe in Christ. If I sire to be of service to our fellows. did not believe in Christ I could not believe in God. He is worthy, In Christ we find all that we need and more than worthy, to receive of certainty and power not only to the truest and the utmost devotion upbuild our own lives but to fashof my heart and all my love because ion anew the whole fabric of so- He first loved me and redeemed me. ciety in which we live. The Christ has shown me that in and Almighty God has in Christ made over and behind this confusing uni- the contact with men that the huverse is a Fatherly Heart of Love. man race has been trying to es- This is a revelation no amount of tablish through various religious money. can buy and no one but systems during all these centuries. Christ can substantiate. In Him We cannot have peace with God was the Love of God manifested to through our good works or alms us and in Him are hid all the treas- or prayers. Something far more ures of wisdom and knowledge. He vital is needed, even the gift of God is the answer to the cry of the hu- Himself that all men might know man heart through the centuries: Him and live. "Oh, that Thou wouldst rend the heavens and come down"; that Our Task in India . men may see face to face the invisible God whom they worship. We in India are confronted with the grave task of erecting a new To know Christ is to have life. nation and trying to gain greater It is to know the best that life has liberty, but the thing that is most to offer for which to live and to needed, along with this striving for strive. In Him life finds its deep- freedom, is a driving and a regenest yearnings satisfied and life erating force to undergird the new gains its highest worth. Apart system with moral power. Here from Him life is not worth living. in Christ is dynamic that, if ac- Those who have not learned to cepted and used, will lead any know Him have not yet discovered country to a new state of rightthe eternal fountain of life from eousness. No man or community which a man may drink his fill and who has caught the spirit of Christ never drain it. It is this which fills can be stolid and lifeless, or relife full of joy and peace. main on the old level of life or thought. Jesus Christ is constant- Is it any wonder that I should ly leading men onward to fresh urge upon all who do not know Je- tasks of love and devotion and sus Christ to taste and see this way moral heroism. Those who have of life? We today are living under really tried to open the door of life conditions which no preceding gen- with Christ as key have found the eration had to face but our spir- portals swing open to them of their itual, moral and religious problems own accord. Even as Jesus said: are essentially the same as men "I am the Way, the Truth and the have had to face from the dawn of Life: no one cometh unto the Fa- ther but by me."

JO (RIGHT) WITH HER HELPER AND KINDERGARTEN

MRS. JO, "THE SUICIDE DOCTOR "OF JAPAN BY MAYME MOORE W HEN one thinks of mission- contact with some small but living ary effort, one is inclined to work that is large in results. We paint a mental picture of meet some saint whose name has great orphanages, schools and col- not been heralded abroad, who in a leges, medical centers, or leper col- few moments changes us from onies, all supported by Western skepticism to enthusiasm. funds and more humanitarian than religious; or one may see churches, Such was our experience when missions, Sunday Schools, evangel- we met Mrs. J 0, the Good Samariistic work for saving souls. This tan of Kobe, Japan. Big of body, large vision is too much for our large hearted, Mrs. Jo's impelling small minds to compass. The .Far motive seems to be Christian sym- East is a long way off. Why should pathy. This does not content itself we worry? with .tears and sentiment, but is manifested in common sense action. But when one goes to the Orient, the whole thing becomes liv- "Oh, yes, the suicide doctor!" ing, dynamic; overnight we be- said some one in Tokyo, when we come mission-minded! Seen at first asked, "Who is Mrs. J a?" In Osaka hand, the humanitarian effort ap- people were even more incoherent pears a small beehive of activity, but more enthusiastic, "You must trying to serve brothers in distress! see her," they reiterated, "she lives The evangelistic w 0 r k I 00 k s in Kobe." starved! After seventy years of work in Japan, only a quarter of a Kobe is the industrial center of million Christians. But our right- Japan. Here the Japanese girls and about-face from indifference to women meet the same problems fervor is occasioned by personal that their American sisters meet when they go to the cities and enter factories or commercial activities.

597

The Kobe Woman's Welfare Asso- approached by young men who had ciation, (Kobe Fujin DoJo Kai), is been drinking heavily of sake, she not essentially an evangelistic ef- left the train and came stumbling fort. It is a common sense work to to Mrs. Jo whose name she had meet a definite need. The Associa- seen on a sign. Other girls, without tion is Mrs. Jo. The work is helped funds, stared into blank uncer- by an advisory board of mission- tainty until some policeman told aries, receives the endorsement of them to go to Mrs. J o. So the the law, some aid comes from the stories are legion, tales of disap- government, but its story is mainly pointments, sorrows, heartaches, the story of one woman of vision fears, despair. Calmly this woman and sympathy whose spirit trans- attacks the problem, carefully she formed the vision into reality. rehabilitates.

"Wait a bit, God is love!" How In 1916, without any financial clearly it was depicted in the calm backing, Mrs. Jo began her work in features and in the quiet strength Kobe. Where she came from, who of the woman. There is no hurry, she was, why she came-no one or uncertainty about Mrs. Jo. seems to know. Where did the oak "I have records of over 2,500 forest come from! Who laid the women and. girls who have come first stone of the most ancient ca- here for help and encouragement in thedral! She is a cool, quiet retreat, the past ten years," she said. "Our for tired souls. She is a well of work is of necessity a lifting of the mercy. We can well understand immediate burden, but we have why our question, "Who Is Mrs.

made a start on a permanent work J o?" was never answered.

in making life more livable for Perhaps she has always lived in working women." The plain face Kobe. Perhaps her own life was al- lights up with an eagerness of one most wrecked. Here she appeared who adventures in paths of peace. in 1916, and she was not long in Quietly she told us-in a gentle, making herself felt. She rented a vibrant voice-of the woman in house and advertised through the the North whose husband sold daily press that she was ready to their eldest daUghter, and of the help women in distress! That is mother, distracted by the tragedy amazing enough! Think how such all too common in Japan, who tried an advertisement in American pa- to kill herself and her other chil- pers would set people wondering!

dren. Some person who knew of Mrs. J 0 went to the police and to Mrs. J 0 sent for this tower of the missionaries telling them what strength. The woman and the chil- she was ready to do. Posters ap- dren were brought to the house in peared on the wharves and at rail- Kobe, where they were given a way stations, "Wait a bit; God is little home of their own. The moth- Love!" followed by the added lines er was encouraged and the hus- telling where Mrs. J 0 and her band was sought out, finally the sympathy and aid might be se- whole sad tangle was straightened cured. Authorities encouraged the out and the woman and her chil- work, missionaries welcomed it.

dren went home. She told us of the The Kobe Woman's Welfare As- young girl who wanted the life of sociation began in a simple way the city and came from her village and, in two years Mrs. J 0 bought a home, frightened, alone, and when house large enough to accommodate

"DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

twenty women. In 1922 she added competent nurses; here they grow four rooms and a chapel. But it has strong and healthy, waiting until more than most welfare homes, for the home life of the mother is adit has Mrs. Jo, a whole host of sym- justed so that the family may live pathy, sense, vigor. their normal life.

In 1926 a larger building was Suma is the suicide place of Jaerected-a typical Japanese house, pan. At this lovely sea-coast place commodious enough to care, not many come who do not see its beauonly of stranded girls, but for ty, but are drawn by a desire to moth€rs and very young children. cast themselves into the sea. Here There are ten mothers' apartments, Mrs. J 0 erected one of her signs, each consisting of one room and a "Wait a bit, God is Love!" This kitchen, so that separate family sign has arrested many who had no life may be maintained. In the further use for life and she led nursery we saw the tiny tots who them to a knowledge of God are safe while their mothers go out through Jesus Christ. to work. They are cared for by "DO YOU LOVE YOURSELF?"

BY WILLIS R. HOTCHKISS, Lumbwa Industrial Mission Missionary at KcrAchvJ Kenya (}(}lonYJ B riti·sh East Africa T HE other day at the back of had been trouble between two our farm an old man ap- neighboring tribes and the white . proached me and offered his man went out to negotiate peace. hand with the usual salutation: The elders of the two parties dis- "Chamege" (Do you love your- cussed matters and after coming self?) It was the native salutation to an amicable arrangement, they meaning "How do you do?" Then appointed one from each side to ache proceeded to spit on our clasped quaint the white man with their hands more vigorously than even decision. To his horror and amazenative etiquette required. This ment, when they neared him the was quite proper from an African two began to spit violently at each viewpoint, though not so nice. All other, and then both together at the while he was exclaiming, "My him! Not knowing that they were friend! My dear friend! My fa- actually sealing their pact of ther! My father!" All was just friendship, and suspecting treachexcess of friendliness. Being a ery, with insult a<j.ded, he struck missionary one has to grin and them and ordered them under arbear it—or at any rate, bear it- rest. The warriors, seeing their at least until we can teach them to elders struck, started fighting, and adopt a more pleasant method of hostilities were began again. expressing friendship. The man had come, fatherlike, to plead for These incidents illustrate a tenhis son who had been ordered off dency, all too common to this day, the mission land on account of mis- of looking at the native from the demeanors. European point of view. This col- ony is now in the throes of a bitter The incident recalls the story controversy with the home governtold of a certain white official in the ment, because some excellent peoearly days of the colony. There ple suppose they are helping the

native by telling him that he is be- prevailing depression. I saw these ing defrauded of his rights and same Lumbwa natives bidding on despoiled of his land at the hands even terms with the white people of the settlers. Their remedy for for his effects. Nevertheless I pick that is to launch the native into up a paper and read a letter from politics-a blunder which, when a native who, under the tutelage applied to the Negroes in America of false friends, talks grandiloafter the Civil War, cost unmeas- quently of Africa belonging to the ured suffering to both races. African and demanding this and that as his right. Sooner or later The native of Kenya Colony is, something is bound to happen. at this moment, better off in a material sense than the average white What has all this to do with the man. Compared with what he was missionary as a herald of salvathirty years ago–naked in body tion? In the first place, it is plantand in mind; never for a moment ing the seeds of race hatred in safe from his enemies in the flesh, these susceptible native minds. and still less so from those of the Doubtless that is the last thing spirit; the sport of malignant these zealous friends would think forces which he was forever pro- of doing; but it is a fact. Moscow pitiating-the African is today far is pledged to upset the native races, richer in the things that make for and an increasing number of commaterial comfort and contentment munist natives even now are than is his white neighbor. spreading their doctrines in the reserves. The time is short. The Take the Lumbwa people for ex- propaganda of revolution must be ample. When I came to them in met by a propaganda of salvation. 1905 they were the most wretched The transforming power of the lot of human beings you could Gospel of Christ may change the imagine-starving in a rich land, course of history in East Africa, and even selling their children for but it must be a real Gospel of the grace of God and not "another gosfood. But yesterday I attended a pel." sale of the effects of a white neighbor who had succumbed before the GIVE A THOUGHT TO AFRICA Give a thought to Africa! Pray that Afric's heart may be 'Neath the burning sun, Loyal to our King.

Hosts of weary hearts are there, Give your love to Africa! Waiting to be won. There our brothers call.

Many idols have they, Bring release from slavery, But from swamp and clod Break sin's bitter thrall.

Many a voice is crying out White shall love the black man, For the living God. Each forget the past; Breathe a prayer for Africa! In the Father's house above "0 Thou God of love, All will meet at last.

Send Thy blessings on the tribes -Hosea K. Nyabonga, of Ugan- From Thy home above." da, East Africa, and Clark Univer- sity, Atlanta, Ga. Swarthy lips when moved by grace Can most sweetly sing;

THE SURPRISING

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, en route to Penang, Malaya WE HAVE had no greater In 1868, his son, King Chula- surprise than lovely Siam. longkorn, came to the throne. Of In a conference with His him someone has said, "It is men Royal Highness, Prince Damrong, like King Chulalongkorn who in Varadis Palace, Bangkok, this tempt one to believe that history "grand old man of Siam" who is is made by a few outstanding men, the chief adviser of the king, spoke rather than by the ordinary course in most appreciative terms of the of events." This remarkable ruler work, sacrifice, and personal gen- introduced into Siam, railroads, ius of the missionaries. His fine telegraph, telephone, a public face reminded me of William school system, abolished slavery, Ewart Gladstone. closed up the gambling (licensed) The Presbyterian Board, for dens, began to reduce the sale of ninety years, has served gloriously opium, reorganized the army and in helping to bring Siam to a ful- police and the government, sent ler realizatiQn of her higher self. many of his sons to Europe and In April, 1932, Siam celebrates the America to be educated according 150th anniversary of the beginning to foreign standards and come of the present dynasty of kings. back to their own country to be- Rarely in history do we find a suc- come heads of departments in the cession of seven kings in the same government. He ruled for forty- dynasty, and such kings as those two years. He died in 1910 greatly with which Siam has been blessed. beloved and sincerely mourned by his people. Modern Siam began with the reign of King Mongkut, fourth of His son, Rama VI, carried on the this dynasty. While serving in the reforms started by his father. He Temple he asked one of the early organized the Boy Scouts (before missionaries to teach him. Mr. it had been done in the U. S.), He Caswell taught him English, math- was a literary man, doing much ematics and the sciences. King writing, especially plays. It was Mongkut realized the need of for- during his reign that the World eign education in order to properly War took place and Siam joined compete with the foreign traders the Allies sending an expeditionary and others who had begun to come force to Europe. At the close of to Siam. When he came to the the War two Siamese were present throne, he began to develop his at the signing of the Treaty of country along modern lines. Up Peace. The adviser in foreign afto this time, someone has said, fairs has always been an Ameri- "Siam was like a country much as can. Different ones who have held we read about in the Arabian this responsible position had been Nights." King Mongkut was working toward a change of treafriendly to foreigners, especially to ties with foreign countries, trying the missionaries and was the first to get them to give up their exking to grant land to Protestant traterritorial rights without commissionaries for buildings for their pensation. The United States was work. the first to do this. It was Dr.

601

Francis B. Sayre who finally The present financial depression brought this about with the Euro- is being felt in Siam as well as in pean countries having treaties other countries. After a meeting with Siam. This has been a great of the Supreme Council recently benefit to the country. The king one member was heard to remark. died in 1925. At the time of his "We realize that we must reduce death the country was in a danger- government expenses and we told ous financial position, owing to His Majesty to begin by reducing certain of his advisers. our incomes." Such is the spirit of the country. King Prajadhipok, the present ruler, on coming to the throne used Dr. James McKean, a Presbyfirm measures to reduce expenses. terian missionary who has j'ust re- He gained the confidence of his tired after forty years of service people in many ways. He estab- in Siam, started the first organized lished a Supreme Council, com- work for lepers ever undertaken. posed of five of the most trusted This dread disease claims thoumen in the country, who act as sands in Siam as it does in so advisers. He dismissed many for- many of the Oriental countries. eigners who were heads of depart- The government has since started ments of the ,government and re- a leper colony of its own, The placed them by Siamese, many of splendidly developed leper work in whom had been trained abroad. Chiengmai is known the world He dismissed from government over wherever the needs of these scores of Siamese who were draw- poor, afflicted people are being coning pay but doing little work. This sidered. While Dr. McKean was has been the means of changing in Bangkok, on his way to Amerithe ideals of young men from ca, His Majesfy was giving a garworking for easy government po- den party to the diplomats and a sitions where labor would be light select group of the foreign comand advance rapid, to preparing munity, also the highest of the themselves not only for profes- Siamese princes and officials. His sional work but also for agriculture, business, and mechanics. Majesty heard that Dr. McKean was in the city and sent him an He retrenched in his own house- invitation. During the party His hold, disposing of dozens of automobiles owned by his brother, the Majesty sent a special messenger late king, and keeping only a few to Dr. McKean who brought him the length of the garden and prewhich were absolutely necessary. He retrenched in the royal kitchen; sented him to the king and queen. he also cut down his own income. They shook hands with him and The best members of the Royal thanked him personally for all that Family are all hard workers, hav- he had done for their country. ing their country's best interests deeply at heart. World travellers should not fail to visit Siam. It is one of the most unique countries in Asia.

"We ~baU babe aU eternitp to celebrate tbe bidorie~, but we babe onlp tbe few bour~ before ~un~et to win tbem."

IN MISSIONARY

BY THE EDITOR T HE present situation in mis- that human slavery, public torture, sion lands not only indicates immolation of widows, child sacri- a time of crisis and the need fice, and other evils have been made for the application of a radical illegal. The education of women remedy, if we are to avoid chaos, was, in some lands, begun in spite but the work of the Christian of popular disapproval. Solitary Church in these lands shows the missionaries went into Africa, need for a new evaluation and for Burma, China and other hostile some changes in policy and pro- territory without asking protection gram. The policies and methods from their own governments; they of pioneer days, and of the period unhesitatingly risked their lives to of adolescence in Foreign Missions, carry the Gospel to the heathen.

have been effective; but new con- Their patience and sacrifice was so ditions, new dangers, new opportu- effective that many non-Christian nities demand new policies and governments later have acknowl- methods. The Church executives edged the great value of their at home have realized this and are humanitarian service and have about to send abroad a Laymen's highly praised their work.

Foreign Mission Inquiry to study Today the Protestant missionary the facts and to r e com men d enterprise alone (not counting the changes that seem advisable. extensive work of Roman Catho- We call attention to three ele- lics) has grown to huge propor- ments in the crisis as it relates to tions. Twenty thousand men and missionary policies in the foreign women are working in foreign field today. lands and many millions of dollars 1. RELATION TO GOVERNMENTS. have been invested in schools, hos- In the early days of Protestant pitals, orphanages, churches and missions, one supreme motive led other property. The governments men to go to heathen lands-this of "sending countries" are so zeal- was to take the message of Christ, ous to maintain their national pres- "offering to lost and dying souls tige that they are not ready to over- the gift of life through Him." look any disregard shown for the The messengers went out facing, rights of their citizens residing not only separation from home and abroad. An indignity or harm to a loved ones, and the prospect of missionary therefore becomes the severe physical hardships, but subject for diplomatic controversy hostile governments and bitter and may even lead to armed inter- opposition from other religions on vention. Non-Christian nations the field. They set their course to have, at times, become suspicious avoid entangling alliances with the of missionary influence and have non-Christian governments and suspected and accused messengers with religious devotees whose evil of Christ of being "agents for practices they ever fearlessly de- capitalistic and imperialistic Gov- nounced. It was largely through ernments."

the influence of Christian missions The right of residence is now 603

granted to foreigners, except in a in mission policy. Are messengers few countries, but the right of re- of Christ to obey men or God when ligious propaganda and of carry- commands conflict1 Are they to ing on Christian education is ques- work in harmony with non-Christioned in Japan, Chosen and tian governments at the expense of Persia, and more particularly in evangelizing effort, or shall they China and Turkey. This causes a risk displeasure and antagonism, critical situation in missionary and even expulsion and the closing work. Christian schools and col- of their institutional work? When leges formerly offered almost the conflicts arise, shall God's Word be only opportunity for modern edu- the guide or the restrictions of a cation in these non-Christian lands. non-Christian State? Is it better Missionaries inaugurated primary schools and modern education in to close secular educational work India, China, Chosen and in almost entirely, if necessary, rather than every other mission field. Now to give up the main purpose for that national educational institutions have been established, the which it was founded. Oriental governments are jealous Missionaries today also face the or suspicious of Christian influence. They naturally wish to con- problem of putting national or trol the training of their future a supernational allegiance first. citizens and they demand that re- Shall they follow the example of ligion-especially the Christian re- Christ and be subject to the laws ligion-be divorced from secular of their adopted land, when these education. In China, the govern- laws do not contravene the laws of ment has ruled that foreign-sup- God, or shall they claim their right ported schools and colleges must to be judged before their own nabe turned over to the control of tional courts and to the protection Nationals by the appointment of of their home governments? Many Chinese Principals and by a ma- of our finest missionaries believe jority membership of Nationals on that it is better to withdraw, if the boards of control. They re- necessary, from a land or a work quire that all pupils be trained in where liberty to preach and teach Dr. Sun Yat Sen's Principles in the the Gospel is denied, or to suffer place of teaching the Christian persecution and death, rather than Scriptures. At one mission school to accommodate the Christian mesin Tsingtau, we saw quotations sage and methods to non-Christian from Dr. Sun's will posted on all requirements. the walls of the schoolrooms-but no words of Christ were displayed 2. Another factor in this crisis there. Turkey, Persia, China, Ja- in missionary policy relates to the pan and other countries have also method and the manner in which undertaken to dictate what mission mission work shall be conducted. schools may and may not teach. In the early days-and in fact until Religious teaching and worship, if the beginning of the twentieth permitted at all, must be on a century when missions became purely voluntary basis. more widely recognized and more largely supported-the work was This change in the educational generally conducted on a very situation points to a serious crisis simple scale. The limited re- sources at the command of the mis- sionaries, and the unlimited need, necessitated very great economy in

CRISIS IN MISSIONARY POLICIES

buildings, equipment, salaries and in elementary schools and must other expenses. Much of the med- make all religious instruction and ical work was done by itinerating attendance at chapel voluntary and doctors, and the educational build- extra-curricula. Chapel services ings were very modest and gener- must be held, if at all, outside the ally inadequate. Then came the college campus. A majority of the time when large plans were formed trustees and the chief administra- more in harmony with the magni- tors must be Chinese. Turkey tude of the need; when appeals also has forbidden religious in- were made to wealthy givers, when struction in schools and there must union institutions were established, be no attempt on the part of teach- some with large endowments. The ers to change the faith of pupils standards were thus gradually- who are under eighteen years of sometimes suddenly – raised to age. A few years ago Persia reach more nearly those of similar passed a law requiring the exclu- institutions in England and Ameri- sion of Chrisitan teaching and ca. The Rockefeller Medical In- worship from mission schools but stitute in Peiping suddenly raised so much trouble resulted that the the standard of salaries and equip- government has refrained from in- ment for all China medical work sisting on its enforcement. Japan and made pioneering seem more made an effort to abolish Christian difficult or impossible without such worship and teaching in the mis- aid. Great colleges and universi- sion schools of Korea, but since ties, with American or British most of the primary education has charters, have been established in been in Christian hands, for the Japan, Korea, China, India, Tur- present Japan permits voluntary key, Syria, and Egypt. These com- attendance at chapel services and pare favorably in equipment and at Bible classes.

curriculum with many in America Medical and industrial missions and England. They rival or sur- also face the question: Shall this pass government colleges, with work be primarily scientific and which some have become affiliated. practical or fundamentally mis- The desire to receive government sionary-with an evangelistic pur- recognition and subsidies has led pose? . At least one mission hos- to the apparent necessity for se- pital, among those we recently curing larger enrolment and better visited in Asia, reported a fine equipment, for adopting the stand- medical record, but could not point ard curricula of non-Christian to any definite plan for effectively States, and for higher paid, better- presenting Christ to the patients trained professors and specialists. or their families. Some do not This also has led to the opening of even seem to have this as their the doors to more non-Christian supreme aim. Industrial missions students, to the employment of are important among primitive more non-Christian teachers and peoples and those who need to in some cases to the election of learn methods of self-support, but non-Christian trustees. some have been abandoned because In China, mission schools are re- they became merely commercial quired to be registered, and before enterprises. Leper asylums and this is effected they must agree orphanages are Christian enter- not to teach the Bible and religion prises which may also do a great

spiritual work but some have be- Christian missbns, outside of the come merely humanitarian institu- direct work of the Spirit of God, tions, and so have missed their has always been the Christ-like highest service. character and devotion of the in- It is not difficult to see the crisis dividual missionary or native evan- to which this situation leads. In gelist. Today we are confronted spite of the desire and purpose of by a world-wide increase of mate- missionary teachers, and of mis- rialism and agnosticism; a greater sion boards and officials, to mani- emphasis on higher education and fest a Christian spirit and to exert science, the broader appeal for a positive Christian influence, very social service; the growing anti- many mission colleges and hos- religious agitatiOfi; and the sym- pitals are in danger of becoming pathetic exploitation of ethnic more and more secularized. In the religions. In view of these facts desire to reach a higher technical it is unthinkable that there should standard, and to exert a wider in- be in Christian missions any les- fluence, they are tempted to become sening of emphasis on the prime less intensively Christian and less necessity for spiritual qualifica- missionary in aim, methods and tions in those sent to the mission results. Frankly this is what some field or that there should be less supporters advocate. Christianity emphasis on the main purpose of includes all the best things of life- leading men and women to a full in science and art, sociology and surrender to Jesus Christ as divine world relationships, but in propor- Lord and Saviour.

tion as science and other branches How .Meet this Crisis supplant spirituality, a work ceases to be an evangelizing effort and We are convinced that some mis- may cease to be Christian. We sion policies should be changed or saw an effective mission hospital clarified to meet the present crisis.

in India that recognizes the need We must not lose sight of our main for the supreme emphasis on spiritual healing and at the same time objective, or permit this to become is favorably known for its excellent obscured. In every age and among medical work. This hospital re- all non-Christians this missionary cently sent out the following call objective is so to present Christ in to praying partners: His fulness, and so to teach what He has commanded, that all who The work cannot go on in strength will may find in Him the fulfilment without another skilled physician and of their greatest spiritual needs. No desire for great institutions, another well-trained medical woman. for wide influence, for government As you know these doctors are ex- support or for human approbation, pected, first of all to be evangelists should turn us aside from this main and to share in the spiritual work inside and outside the hospital. Pray for skilful, warm-hearted medicals, objective. The Church should ready for anything, if only souls may send out to the mission field— be won to Christ. either for long or for short terrns- 3. A third factor in the modern only those workers who are crisis in missionary policy relates equipped spiritually for their task; to the spiritual qualifications of the men and women of faith, prayer workers. The greatest asset in and devotion, who put first the

winning of others to Him who dependence is on God for the came to save the world. supply of daily needs, for workers and equipment, for guidance, for It is one of the encouraging protection and for fruitage. Each signs of the times that in every worker is only an instrument in the land, aud in almost every station, hands of God. In such a mission we found that experienced mission- He is asked to send patients to the aries are insisting that greater hospital and pupils to the school; emphasis must be put on evangel- He is asked definitely and continuism. At a recent meeting in Persia ally to prepare and send mesthe place of evangelism in the hos- sengers to give the message; and pital was warmly debated with the His spirit is expected to make conclusion that, while every effort ready the hearts of hearers. The must be made to give those in need result is not release from harship, the best medical attention possible, or from opposition and trial, but and while tact must be used in pre- this method produces fruitfulness, senting the Gospel, the greatest and brings joy in the hearts of benefit has been withheld if the sin workers and a consciousness of sick soul is left unhealed while the partnership in the Great Task. diseased or crippled body is repaired. We believe that the mission pol- icy needed today in these non- Many missionaries are also ad- Christian lands includes these vocating less attention to all insti- elements: tutional work, which so often involves large expense with small 1. The primary emphasis in all spiritual result, and they ask that departments of m iss ion work more money and effort be given should be on evangelism. We are to evangelism-to pioneering, to commissioned to preach the Gospel the training of native evangelists and to teach what Jesus Christ and to the building up of national commanded. This command has churches. The effectiveness of the never been abrogated and Christ Burmese College Gospel Teams, alone meets man's greatest need. and similar groups in Siam, India and the South Seas, has given new 2. All missionaries should be stimulus to the evangelistic empha- men and women of clear, positive sis in educational centers. faith in the Word of God and in Christ as the only Way of Life; There are missions that have they must be selected with referadopted the policy we believe to ence to their fitness for the task, be greatly needed today. It is their sacrificial devotion and prac- tical Christian experience. scriptural and it is practical. In Korea missions, apostolic methods 3. On the field, emphasis should have been in vogue for forty years, be placed, not on the building up of with wonderful results. At Dohna- large institutions but on spiritual vur, South India, is a mission vitality in the work; not on where beautiful, healthful sur- breadth but on depth; not on roundings, practical education, in- human standards but on the divine dustrial work, social uplift and pattern. medical service are combined; but the ever present motive is to win (Next article-"The Crisis in Mission Churches.") individuals to Christ. Here and in other spiritual missions, the chief

PLIGHT OF RUSSIAN

T HROUGHOUT the Volga Re- River on the east. The German gion and southern Russia refugees, for the last 150 or 200 there were formerly hundreds years, have colonized in Central of thousands of German-speaking and Southern Russia. Recently the Russians, descendants of the immi- oppressive measures of the Soviets grants invited by Catherine the have forced them into Siberia.

Great three hundred years ago to The writer (H. L. Haag), and settle the steppes and to make Rev. Ch. W. Kastler of the Harbin farms out of grazing land. These Lutheran Church, succeeded in people, mostly Lutherans but in- bringing a company of these un- cluding Mennonites and Roman fortunate people from northeastern Catholics, were forced under the Manchuria to Harbin.

old laws to continue using German Observers from the northeastern in their worship. Though thrifty districts of Manchuria, during the and industrious, the entire group last two months, have brought has been under suspicion of the many stories of the terrible condi- Soviets who !:lome years ago began tions of Russians and Germans liv- to exile them to Siberia on false ing in the various little Chinese charges. Many died ihere and a villages of that part of the country.

few have wandered east to the The accounts of occasional refugees Manchurian border where recently who had walked the 300 miles sub- they have attempted to cross into stantiated the belief that these China. people are in sore need of help. A Two Lutheran missionaries in special committee of the Man- China, the Rev. L. Grady Cooper churian Missionary Union, consist- and the Rev. P. P. Anspach, read- ing of Rev. Kastler and myself was ing the account in American asked to work out means of getting papers, turned a vacation period first-hand information and acting into a "missionary journey" to in- as soon as possible to relieve the vestigate the situation to the north. suffering.

At Harbin they organized a local Our trip to Lishowchen and relief committee and promised the Hetsezde proved to be one of un- use of a special fund held by the usual interest and importance. At United Lutheran Church Mission the town of Lishowchen we had no in China. trouble in getting a line on the Mr. Howard L. Haag, an Ameri- situation of the Germans, for as can Christian Association secre- we entered the shabby little Chi- tary, who heads the Harbin nese inn we were greeted by committee, relates in detail a situ- Germans themselves who had be- ation of which the outside world come stranded in this miserable knows practically nothing. village till aid could be found to Russian and German refugees transport them further. They re- are continually fleeing into Man- ported that there were at least 150 churia from Soviet Russia, either of their group in the town of Het- the Manchuli border, the Amur sezde some 200 miles away.

River on the north or the Ussuri At Lishowchen transportation 608 facilities for these people from to have their things together and Hetsezde to Lishowchen had to be ready to pull out at midnight.

arranged and the innkeeper who Then we began making out of had been feeding them had to be cloth, tags for each one bearing the bargained with in order to have name of the committee we were them free for transportation to working under and the person's Harbin. These two matters were own name and number in Chinese.

not easy ones to liquidate. For five Among the refugees were Greek solid hours we bargained with the Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Men- owner of the bus line. At last nonites, and Baptists as well as Rev. Kastler brought the bargain Lutherans.

to a close by getting the owner There was one other matter down from $3,500 (Chinese Mex.) which was especially unpleasant, to $2,3·50 for five buses for four A Russian woman had arrived days to bring as many people as alone in Hetsezde about the end of the buses would hold, over 200 December. She had lived about miles. Then the innkeeper began one month in a Chinese home.

another long three-hour bargain- When the head of the house de- ing session. Scores of villagers manded that she pay him $70 for came in to partake in the general her keep for the month she was discussion. After endless talk, forced to refuse. He then sold her Rev. Kastler forced him to sign an to another Chinese for the sum of agreement wherein we were to pay $55. This latter had taken her as him for 25 people at 80 cents each his wife and treated her most for 60 days. brutally. This poor woman es- We had set for ourselves a short caped when she heard that we had schedule in which to accomplish arrived and came to throw herself the work of gathering together at our feet begging that in God's the people we wished to take away name she be taken out of the place.

with us. Looking back on it all Her "owner" came to us demand- now, I can scarcely see how it came ing that she be given back to him about that we did actually carry or that we pay him the sum of out our plan with such dispatch. $70. Of course the scene which Our plan was to make all financial took place was unspeakable. He adjustments with the Chinese and presented a large paper which of- start the return trip by 12 o'clock ficially gave him ownership over the following midnight. her. With him he had gathered At Hetsezde we set about deal- some 25 or more rough fellows who ing with the chief of police who were out to get vengeance. At one examined the document of the time their cries outside the room Harbin police and seemed satisfied. in which we were bargaining We then made a trip to the home sounded most threatening. After of the head man of the village, the officials had talked with the where we met at once with hostil- owner, he was willing to, at first, ity. He set about at once putting settle for $40 then for $30, and obstacles'in our way, but he finally then finally for $20.

promised that he would get to- As Rev. Mr. Kastler and I con- gether a general statement of what ferred together as to the results of the refugee people owed the vari- our bargaining with the Chinest: ous shops, inns, etc. We told them of this town, it seemed that all tht: 4

forces of evil which this little be hoped for but little in sight. settlement could m u s t e r were Truly they have come from one terrible condition in Soviet Rusabout to be showered down upon sia into another which offers them as little hope. Already there are us. Surely we must stay here no several thousands of refugees, both longer than necessary, for even German and Russian, in Harbin though we had come to agreements and each day brings pleas for help with the head man of the village from the villages of North Manand the owner of "Maria," the vil- churia where more people have lagers were not satisfied. It was congregated. Many have come four o'clock when finally the last over with their horses, their cattle, bus was loaded, the doors closed and all they possess. They cannot and the order given to start. get land from the Chinese for the latter are afraid of the_ conse- Not until we were quite clear of quences. Gradually each refugee the viHage and our three Inter- loses all he brings over till he is national trucks speeding down the forced to go in debt to the Chinese. road did we feel safe. Never have This makes it next to impossible I felt- such sense of relief as that to move from one village to anmoment we looked back to see the other. Furthermore the Chinese dark outlines of Hetsezde fade out authorities make it necessary for of sight. The hardships of the trip each Russian to have a passport ahead were nothing to what we had costing from $7.00 to $60.00 each gone through. if he wishes to move.

Of the trip to Lishowchen much Though these facts are unesmight be written. It was the flight capable. in all justice it must be of exiles, a Christian exodus. added that no government has Each bus held from 30 to 45 tired, acted with greater consideration hungry, worried people. The chil- toward these unfortunate 'people dren at first took it as an exciting than has China. Individual Chiadventure but soon as the road be- nese in outlying villages have and came rough and our buses over will continue to exploit them as and again became stuck in the they come across the border, but snow-drifts they became restless. generally speaking, China has not closed her doors and has given At 9: 30 P. M., we came to the what protection she has to offer. bluff overlooking the City of All this, with the knowledge that Lishowchen. In a few moments they have lost all, is pressing thouwe were pulling up alongside the sands of these simple yet worthy station and were lifting our half- people into a position of slavery. dead refugees to the ground. They It is a case seemingly unparalleled were met by the station master in modern times, and one with and his wife who had a warm room which no local committee such as waiting them and milk ready for the Harbin Committee can deal the children. The main job of alone. The suffering and sorrow transportation was finished and caused by the unspeakable condithe Rev. Mr. Kastler and I were tions in Soviet Russia should be ready as anyone to find a place to taken to·heart by Christian people rest. and Christian nations of the world.

Many have asked us the pertinent question: "What of the future of these refugees?" We cannot answer. There is much to

PICTURES AND FOREIGN

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California ALOUD call has come from portrayal of vulgarity, indecency, French missionaries in Afri- and the technique of crime are so ca, pleading that "The Cath- prominent in the programs of the olic and Protestant churches found motion picture theaters as to cona film factory, where moral films, stitute a menace to national moralparticularly those with religious ity." Exported films are even less themes, will be made." The appeal clean than the home shown; and is made because the movies have the number of them is enormous. gone "where ever civilization has Mr. Carl E. Miliken, Secretary of gone and are portraying in the full the Motion Picture Producers and glare of the movie footlights, the Distributors, reported two or three white man's crimes and love scenes years ago that during that year to the detriment of the morals of "231,295,018 feet of films had been the African people." exported." These dramas are being The unspeakable "love scenes" shown in Tunis, Madras, Korea, which people in America have en- Sumatra, in the Sudan, and the dured with suppressed nausea, par- question comes to the Christian, ticularly the slobbering "kissing can the Church not do something and huggin' stuff," these mission- to offset this flood of immoral and aries say "make the black crowds, anti-religious conceptions and emo- especially the black Mohammedans, tions. Motion picture magnates howl with disgust." This call from estimate that 13,000,000,000 people the French missionaries would be pay to see the movies every year.

gladly seconded, no doubt, by the ShaH we continue to pass by, and Protestant missionaries all over even scorn the use of one of the the world, and not only by them most effective methods of present- but by Christian tourists who have ing constructive ideals which will been made to blush at the portrayal mould noble Christian characters?

of so called American life. One of Dr. S. Parkes Cadman writes: "If these world tourists, Mr. Albous the movies monopolize attention, it Huxley, exclaims, "The world into is because we who are responsible which the cinema introduces the for religion have allowed them to subject races is a world of silliness capture multitudes who belong pri- and criminality, where the inhabi- marily to God."

tants are stealing, murdering, Is it still true that "the children swindling, or attempting to com- of this world are wiser in their mit assault." On the other hand, generation than the children of "to give the devil his dues," the In- light"? The Department of Com- dian Cinematograph Committee merce of the United States reports "was satisfied that the majority of that American business obtains a films certified for exhibition in In- return of at least one doHar. in dia in no way tended to demoralize trade for every foot of film exhibthe public." But we believe that ited in foreign lands. "In fact," the overture presented to the last says Mr. MiIiken, "the film is equiv- General Assembly of the Presby- alent to the work of 100,000 salesterian Church is right that, "the men." This same helper is avail- 611

able to the church in its supreme emy of Christian art with the sole work of freely offering salvation to object of producing religious moall people. Will some Christian mil- tion pictures. Here is an open door lionaire accept this extraordinary which invites the Church to a new opportunity to multiply, perhaps method and to a new era of power 100,000 fold, the evangelical in foreign lands and at home. God preaching power of the mission- has given us a new method of visuary? The silent screen speaks a alizing to all people, at home and tongue which people of any lan- abroad, the supreme life, the savguage and dialect can understand ing teachings, and the redemptive whether in Sumatra or the Came- death of Jesus Christ. A studio alroun. Where ever civilization has ready eists in Los Angeles, called carried electricity, there the mo- The Academy of Sacred Art. A tion picture is possible. Every mis- Sacred Motion Picture Foundation sion station in the larger cities of is needed which, like Nebuchadnezthe non-Christian world might pre- zar's dream-tree, will reach to sent good religious educational mo- heaven, and the sight thereof to tion pictures. Where can s u c h the ends of the earth and which has evangelical pictures be obtained? food for all. What an opportunity! There's th.e rub. This might be of greater service than a Radio City. It may, if Here is a possible solution. A rightly conducted, multiply the great Radio City or station is to power of the foreign missionary be established in New York at a thousands of times, even, as in the cost of $250,000,000. Some mil- case of the commercial. salesman, lionaire or group of Christian phil- 100,000 times. anthropists might found an acad- WHEN WILL PROSPERITY RETURN?

A LETTER sent recently by Roger W. Babson to editors of re- ligious papers emphasized the interrelation of spiritual and economic conditions and predicted a revival of interest in religion on the ground that people in general are now both physically tired and spiritually discouraged and "have no spiritual wealth on which to draw." "They lack that faith which is essential to personal or national progress."

Mr. Babson attributes present conditions to the concentration of thought upon material success and all sorts of pleasures instead of upon the more serious aspects of life. He reminds us that "a great mass of wage workers, executives and young business people have never before witnessed a severe business depression" and, being unemployed or losing money in business, "have no faith upon which to fall back." He points out that this younger generation has been fooling itself and now, discovering how it has been misled, it also discovers that it has nothing in the way of life preservers to cling to in a time of shipwreck. "More religion," he says, "rather than more legislation, is the need of the hour. Before prosperity can return there must be a renewed interest in the spiritual life by both individuals and nations."-The Presbyterian Advance.

fI1IODS FOR WORKf4

Edited BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK A SERIES OF WORSHIP SERVICES By Katherine Willis, Foochow, China GOD THE CREATOR need of the child. Give us a child-like "Remember now thy Creator, in the faith to accept so great and tender a days of thy youth, while the evil days love. Grant in Thy goodness that we come not nor the years draw nigh may meet all of life's pain and disap- when thou shalt say, I have no pleas- pointments sure that Thy love is the ure in them." one great reality. Amen.

Piano Prelude. Choir Anthem: "The Heavens Re- Processional Hymn: "Lord of All sound,"-Creation Hymn.

Being Throned Afar." New Testament Reading: Acts 17: Invocation: 22-30.

Leader: "0 come let us worship and The Lord's Praye.r: (standing)- bow down: let us kneel before the Chanted. Lord our Maker, His name is excellent in all the earth! His glory He has set Recessional Hymn: "Angel Voices above the heavens." Ever Singing."

Response: "When I consider Thy Benediction: "Behold I stand at the heavens, 0 God, the work of Thy door and knock; if any man hear my fingers, the moon and stars which voice and open the door, I will come in Thou hast ordained, what is man that to him and sup with him and he with Thou art mindful of him, and the son me." Amen.

of man that Thou visitest him 1" GIVING AS WORSHIP Leader: "He that planted the ear, "Behold I build a house to the name shall He not hear? He that formed of the Lord, my God, to dedicate it to the eye shall He not see 1 He that teacheth man knowledge shall He not him and to burn before him sweet in- know? Yea, happy is he that hath the cense." (2 Chron. 2: 4 and 5).

God of Jacob for his help, whose hope "And the house which I will build is is in the Lord his God." great: for great is our God above all Hymn (seated): "The Spacious Gods." (verse 15).

Firmament on High." Piano Prelude.

Old Testament Reading: Psalm 104 Processional Hymn: "The Church's (omitting last verse). One Foundation."

Prayer: Mighty God, Creator of the Invocation: spheres, the contemplation of Thee, Leader: "I was glad when they said Thy power, Thy wisdom, Thy great unto me, let us go into the house of the glory, Qverwhelms us. We cannot com- Lord."

prehend Thee thus. We are left weak Response: "Our feet shall stand and afraid. But still more incredible within Thy gates, 0 Jerusalem."

is Thy love. Thou hast sought us out Hymn (seated): "I Love Thy King- and taught us to call Thee Father- dom Lord."

charmed word that breathes of inter- Old Testament Lesson: 1 Chron. 29: est and CQncern with every minute 2-17; 20.

613

Prayer: Dear Father, Thou who Leader: "Take no thought for your knowest the heart and takest pleasure life, what ye -shall eat or what ye shall in uprightness, may Thy love move us drink, nor yet for your body, what ye to offer our gifts from hearts at peace shall put on. Is not the life more than witj! Thee and our neighbor. When meat? and the body than rainment?" we remember that the whole earth and the fulness thereof is Thine it is in- Response: "Your Heavenly Father credible that Thou shouldst have need knoweth that ye have need of all these of us. Yet Thou dost wait for our of- things. But seek ye first the kingdom ferings; Thou dost give us a share in of God and His righteousness and all Thy undertakings, longing to bestow these things shall be added unto you." upon us the blessing of Heaven in such measure as there shall not be room to Leader: "For man doth not live by receive it. Lead us to open wide our bread alone but by every word that hands to our brother. May we de- proceedeth out of the mouth of God. light to build up Thine altars where Therefore make it thy meat and drink Thy Word is preached, where we meet to do His will for to him that over- together to pray, where we learn to cometh will God give to eat of the pray and faint not. Amen. hidden manna."

Choir Anthem: "From Every Let us pray. Stormy Wind That Blows." Dear God, our Father, our hearts hunger for Thee. We call upon Thy New Testament Lesson: Mark 12: holy name, in our great need of Thee, 41-44; 2 Cor. 9:7; Luke 6:38. believing that Thou art near to every one of us. Grant unto us gathered here Offering received for Church Sup- the refreshment of new vision of port. (Before the ushers retire choir Thee; call us again to forsake our shall sing, "All Things Come of Thee own wills and to turn in new trust and dependence unto Thee. Give us the o Lord.") desire and the strength to overcome that we may taste of the hidden man- The Lord's Prayer (chanted). na. May we hunger and thirst after RecessionalHymn: "Glorious Things righteousness, that we may be filled of Thee Are Spoken." and know the blessedness of the in- dwelling of Thy Holy Spirit. Amen. COMMUNION SERVICE Choir Anthem: "God So Loved the "I am the Bread"-Jesus, the Christ. World," (The Crucifixion-Stainer). Piano Prelude. Processional Hymn: "As Pants the New Testame.nt Readings: John 6: Hart for Cooling Streams." 28-35, 37 in part and 51. Invocation: Leader: "Wherefore do ye spend Hymn (seated): "Break Thou the your money for that which is not Bread of Life." bread? and your labor for that which satisfieth not? Hearken diligently unto The Sacrament of the Lord's Sup- Me: come unto Me; hear, and your per. soul shall live." Choir Response: "Come Unto Me The Lord's Prayer (chanted). When Shadows Darkly Gather." Recessional Hymn: "Come Ye Dis- Hymn (seated): "Guide Me 0 Thou consolate." Great Jehovah," (Tune-Zion). Benediction. Responsive Reading: Leader: "He shall feed His flock AROUND THE WORLD WITH like a shepherd." Response: "The young lions do lack CUPID and suffer hunger, but they that seek the Lord shall not want any good Those who are going to put on the thing." program "Around the World with Cupid," (April number) and cannot possibly find the costumes may secure them through Mrs. Johnson, who has recently returned to America.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY HELEN M. BRICKMAN, 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK Council of Women for Home Missions FLORENCE G. TYI,ER, 419 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK F ederation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America WHAT DOES A RELIGIOUS WORK they most desired and the difficulties DIRECTOR IN A GOVERNMENT which stood in the way of obtaining INDIAN SCHOOL DOl it. One girl said her desire was to regain her child-like faith which she By A. A. VAN SICKLE had lost. Another said she wanted to become a missionary. Both asked for Itov. A. A. Van Sickle Is Religious Work Di· personal interviews to discuss their rC<!tol' at Haskell Institute, Lawrence. Kansas. problems.

When one is really looking for an opportunity to serve and finds himself in the midst of a thousand Indian young people, wide awake, eager and ambitious, it is not hard for a Reli- gious Work Director to keep busy.

The difficulty comes in choosing the most important things instead of being too busy with trifles-and yet, what are trifles? When we see Jesus talking to the woman at the well about such common things as water and family life, and then see the result of that conversation leading a whole Samaritan village in search for truth, it makes 'One wonder what trifles are. In answering the question, What Does a Religious Work Director Do? I will give you a glimpse of a typical week at Haskell Institute, starting with the department which takes most of my time-the Week Day School of . Religious Education.

We have an average attendance of 1,035 students at Haskell, about 32:0 being Catholic and approximately 700 Protestant. Some 350 Protestant stu- dents are enrolled in the thirteen re- VICE·PRESIDENT OF T HE COUNCIL OF RELlGfOUS EDUCATION OF HASKELL ligious classes. These courses are DRESSED ~'OR A PAGEAN'l'

elective, meet twice a week at regular Munday is a full teaching day but school hours, and high school students receive one-half unit school credit for one must take time to remind the them. Through these classes, one Chapel speaker and the speaker for comes into close personal contact with the Young Men's Forum Club-a vo- the students and is able to help in cational club for all boys of the school directing their thoughts and molding -of their appointments. After classes their lives. boys flock to the office. The cabinet At the close of an examination I of the Furum Club meets to outline asked the students to state the thing its program for the coming week. The 615

directQr is encQuraged as he sees the purpQse .of the CQuncil shall be t.o these 'Officers assume m'Ore and m'Ore discuss the religiQus needs and prob- resP'Onsibility and assume it effi- lems 'Of the students; to 'Organize, de- ciently. velQP and carry intQ effect an adequate The next day has fewer classes and prQgram 'Of religi'Ous education and SQ 'One has time fQr mail, letters and Christian living; and tQ be ready at repQrts. An inquiry CQmes frQm a all times, under any circumstances, t'O lady 'Of the state asking fQr infQrma- prQmote the interests 'Of the Kingdom tion oQncerning Haskell and partic- 'Of G'Od at Haskell Institute and ularly abQut the religiQus prQgram, thrQugh'Out the world.

she having been chQsen tQ speak 'On In the evening the direct'Or aCCQmthis subject 'On the WQrld Day 'Of panies the MethQdist students tQ their Prayer. A missi'Onary in OklahQma banquet. There is an important basketwrites telling 'Of the tragic h'Ome CQn- ball game at Haskell this evening diti'Ons 'Of 'One 'Of the y'Oung girls at which the girls are anxious to attend. Haskell and as~s the director tQ talk One said, "This is the third year that with her. BefQre 'One realizes it, I have gQne tQ the MethQdist banquet. schQQl is 'Over and fifteen young bQYs The other times I was a guest of Mrs. and girls, representing the schQQl's D'Oe, and she was just SQ nice to me. religiQus activities, have arrived tQ Every time I see her 'On the streets 'Organize a Student CQuncil 'Of Reli- nQW, she speaks. I wQuldn't have gQne giQUS EducatiQn. At this meeting, 'Of- tQnight if it hadn't been fQr that. I wanted to see that basketball game, ficers are elected and a committee is but I th'Ought how nice she had been apPQinted tQ draft by-laws. In the tQ me, and I wanted to tell her how evening the B'Oy SC'Outs meet.

Wednesday, there is an urgent call much I appreciated it." We return fr'Om the chairman 'Of the w'Omen's from the banquet in time for the last meeting f'Or the W'Orld Day 'Of Prayer. half of the game.

She wishes an Indian girl. It is nQt Thursday'S spare time is used t'O hard tQ select a girl, but 'One must lQ'Ok over student papers and prepare find her, get her excused frQm classes examinati'On questions. During the and prQvide means fQr her tQ gQ tQ period in the afternoon a teacher from the church. the Lawrence High SchQol comes tQ The Methodi,st girls hav;e, been in- talk over a prQgram which SQme 'Of vited tQ a banquet at th~ church. 'Our y'Oung people are tQ give at the The schQQl furnishes trartspQrtatiQn, church 'On Sunday evening. There are but the direct'Or must 'Order the truck classes to be visited, teachers tQ see, and pr'Ovide escQrts. In the midst 'Of and a conference with the superin- a' these. preparatiQns there is a kn'Ock tendent of the schQ'01. At 4: 30 the and bpy enters, hesitating and em- Student CQuncil meets tQ discuss the barrasse'd. Without taking time tQ Day 'Of Prayer prQgram. A cQmmittee sit dQwn, he says, "Can yQU tell me tQ arrange plans fQr prayer grQUps hQW I can get saved?" The directQr each day during the week is ap- is perhaps as much surprised as he pointed.

was embarrassed, but is t'Ouched tQ Friday, besides helping the prayer the heart by the sincerity 'Of the ques- gr'Oups c'Ommittee, there are hQspital tiQner and talks with him earnestly visits t'O be made and a conference abQut Jesus' Way of Life. Later the with the Presbyterian minister in boy's past'Or is called and asked tQ t'Own. At 7: 30 the students have talk with him. As a result the bQY is their den'OminatiQnal group meetings baptized and joins the church. with pastQrs and workers from the After schQQl, the CQmmittee 'On By- Lawrence churches. During Lent these Laws frQm the Student CQuncil meets. services are held each Friday night.

After much debate, it is decided that Saturday-this should be at least

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

partly a day of rest, but a group of a good talk by a local pastor and six boys has been detailed to clean beautiful music with choir and or- the Young Men's Forum Club room chestra.

under my supervision. So I am at In the evening I come back to Has- Haskell at 8: 00. For three hours we kell for the Young Men's Forum Meet- clean, dust and polish, and have a ing. About 75 boys are present. The good time in general. I have had time young president presides and the sec- to write a couple of letters and get retary takes his responsibilities very things ready for Sunday-school. One seriously. The boys sing lustily. After Sunday-school teacher has called say- two or three numbers by the string ing she cannot meet her class on Sun- trio, the speaker who is the head of day, so I have to find a substitute. the printing department, is intro- At 1: 30 there is a Teachers' and duced. After the speaker has pre- Employees' meeting called by the su- sented the opportunities of and train- perintendent. This is a fine oppor- ing needed for his profession, there is tunity to announce plans for the Week a general discussi'On and question of Prayer and extend t'O the teachers hour.

an invitation from the Student Coun- At 9: 00 p. m. I am home again cil to join in these ,services. Coming making some plans for Monday morn- from this meeting, I meet an Indian ing classes in order that I may be boy enrolled at Kansas University. able to start the work for another He tells me that money for his tuition week.

has not arrived and this sum must be paid in a few days. I spend the WOMEN THE WORLD OVER remainder of the afternoon with him From FR.'NeES GARSIDE, Publicity Depart- in an attempt to secure the necessary ment, National Board, Y. W. C. A.

funds. There have been various commis- Saturday evening Mrs. Van Sickle sions operating in India investigating and I attend a party given by one of social and industrial conditions, and the teachers. the following quotation from the Siam Sunday morning I arrive at Haskell report on the women of India is at 8: 30 as Sunday-school classes be- typical of the universal trend of gin at 9: 00 o'clock. I take a class of opinIOn. "It is a striking proof of fifteen students who are studying the change which has come over the Daily Vacation Church School work. Indian scene in the past twelve years A number of these students are plan- that no document discussing India's ning to work in Daily Vacation constitutional system, and the direc- Schools next summer among their tions in which it can be devel'Oped and 'Own people. improved, could omit the women .of This morning one of the girls who India today.

is studying work with Beginners has "All the legislative bodies except charge of the class. The rest of us are the Council of State have extended all little folks. We have a beautiful the franchise to women on the same worship service, singing, greeting and terms as men ….. In seven provinces prayer songs. The story is very in- out of nine, women may now be mem- teresting because our teacher illus- bers of the legislatures and W(]men trates it with pictures and other ob- from these provinces can become jects. members of the Legislative Assembly.

At 10: 30 the trucks are ready to ….. Side by side with these develop- take the girls to church downtown. I ments there has begun a strong move- pick up three boys and take them to ment to urge social reforms which church with me. After lunch I can would promote the progress of Indian sit down and really relax for an hour. womanhood …… The women's move- At 2: 45 I start for Haskell to attend ment in India holds the key .of prog- the all·school chapel service~ There is rel')s,"

A commission also put Ceylon under ingly evident to the Japanese woman a magnifying glass, making the recom- that her condition is bettered through mendation which passed the Legisla- Christian influences, influences that tive Council that general suffrage work through industrial and social should be granted to women over reforms. A man in Japan may no twenty-one. This, in a country where l()llger take a Geisha girl into his home a few years ago one rarely saw a and escape censure. The disapproval woman on the streets, is a proof of the of public opinion has brought about remarkable progress that country is this change, and women universally making. In the last five year,s, quot- credit the disapproval to the growth ing a secretary for the Y. W. C. A., of Christianity.

the number of girls working in busi- During 1929, girls of 39 nationali- ness offices has more than doubled. ties made use of the Y. W. C. A.

It is significant of what is happening Employment Bureau in Buenos Aires.

to racial barriers that the Association During the last few years Argentine is proving the profitable meeting place women and girls have been making of many races and denominations, a place for themselves in the business with nationality and creed forgotten. and professional world so that today In spite of criticism that has grown there are successful and much reat times into mutiny and rebellion, the spected women physicians, dentists, achievements of the Chinese Govern- pharmacists, teachers, writers, office ment during .the last two years have executives, etc. The Y. W. C. A. emhad their steadying influence. The ployment bureau in Rio de Janeiro is extent to which China has been opened the only one of its kind in all Brazil. up during the last few years is mar- Here, too, the Y. W. C. A. has found velous. Many roads have been built, something of universal friendliness and when one realizes that every good that has become an international bond road means the bringing of literacy for many women and girls who are a little nearer to the women of China, learning to work and play together, the advantage is more than material. irrespective of nationality, or race or Eighty~five per cent of China's 400, creed. The Y. W. C. A. in Chile 000,000 are living in country districts. proved its need when there came a The Young Women's Christian Asso- great financial crash to that country ciation began sending out women with and women who had never earned a primers in their hands when the jour- penny were forced into gainful emney was both hazardous and painful, ployment. In Uruguay, in Mexico, requiring many days in the most in the Philippine Islands, in one counprimitive of conveyance. Today when try after another women are coming the Y. W. C. A. goes beyond the city forward in business, social and legisgates it is over roads so good that it lative life, with the result that conis possible in the same period of time ditions for all women, and hence for to reach ten times the number of the country itself, are looking up. It women. is doubtful if there is a place on the map today where women are not ex- The census returns show that 8,- erting an influence undreamed of a 167,000 women in Japan are employed decade ago. as bread winners as against 7,803,000 men, the explanation of the prepon- ISABELLA THOBURN OOLLEGE derance of women workers being that their wages are smaller than those of By MARJORIE DIMMITT the men. They do the work equally Member of the Faculty well, and are preferred because they Isabella Thoburn College is alive- work for less. The statement is made vigorously, progressively alive. Its that one woman out of two in Japan student body of a hundred and fifty is gainfully employed., It is increas- has increased two hundred per cent in

ten years. Our dormitories are full. the very day when she wanted to pre- The addition of library and science side at a university meeting that Mr. wings to Nichols Hall is imperative if Gandhi was to address. The babe we are to accommodate those who are was within a week enrolled in our asking admittance. Until we can build class of 1948. the third arm of the building, an audience hall, even a fly added to our num- The achievements of these daughbers will have to sit on the ceiling to ters of India make us proud. One be accommodated at chapel. The of them after two years of college left faculty of twenty-four is efficient, and to take over a school for Moslem girls adequate for a larger student body. with some forty pupils. Going from In tune with the spirit of the times house to house in her conservative city it is almost half Indian. she eloquently urged mothers to trust their daughters to the tightly cur- Many is the graduate who refers to tained carts she would send to take the College as "heaven on earth." It them to school. Within six months means freedom and opportunity in a she had raised the enrolment to two way that American girls can scarcely hundred and twenty-five. She had only understand. Freedom here is new, an old soap factory for a school buildand girls come to college not because ing, so she and the children themit is the style to be educated, but be- selves whitewashed it into purity, a cause they have compelling ambitions. real feat of character for a highelass Clutnd Bagh overflows with the activ- Indian girl. One of last year's graduities that every college has-dramat- ates is deep in a battle now with the ics, clubs, sports, ceremonials, besides amazing ignorance and seclusion of studies. The dominant spirit is Chris- Moslem women in Calcutta. As the tian, and the one-third of the student only trained teacher in a large school body that is Hindu and Moslem comes she has to .undergo heroic efforts for under the spell of our Master Spirit, each reform she achieves. Hindu, never to be released from that mas- Moslem, or Christian-each girl who tery. A typical reaction came last year leaves our gates goes out to struggles when a Moslem graduate back on a that require the heroism of a pioneer visit expressed dissatisfaction at the to meet. They must do the bulk of the atmosphere of the Moslem school in work, but to share, even remotely in which she was teaching. "Ah, Jamela. lifting India's womanhood by helping the trouble is you have lived in a to enlarge the scope of Isabella Tho- Christian atmosphere so long that burn College is to put oneself on the nothing less will satisfy you now," high road to romance. Miss Shannon said. "Yes, that's it," she agreed. "People there are not lov- THE CROWD HAS NO MIND ing and unselfish." Contrihuted by President Hoover to the YaZe After graduation our students scat- New8. ter throughout this needy land, sharing the light they "receive to give." Leadership is a quality of the individ- They are strong, developed characters, ual. It is the individual alone who can contrasting amazingly with Indian function in the world of intellect and in women who have not had their oppor- the field of leadership. tunities. Most of those who are not married are teachers or doctors, and If democracy is to secure its authorieven marriage frequently does not in- ties in morals, religion, and statesmanterfere with careers in this land of ship, it must stimulate leadership from cheap servants. Last year one gradu- its own mass. ate, studying at the men's university for her master's degree requested ten Human leadership cannot be repl~n­ days' leave-to have a baby! And she ished by selection like queen bees, by was much upset because it arrived on divine right, or bureaucracies, but by the free rise of ability, character and intelligence. Even so, leadership cannot, no matter how militant, carry progress far ahead of the average mass of indi- vidual units.

Progress of the nation is the sum of progress in its individuals. Acts and

ideas that lead to progress are bam out .of the SermQn .on the MQunt. In all of the womb of the individual mind, not sacred and prQfane histQry, there out of the mind of the crowd. never lived but .one Man whQ CQuid qualify as a hundred per cent Ameri- The crowd only feels; it has no mind can, and men whQ deny .or abridge the of its own which can plan. rights .of .others fQr religion or race shQuld remember that Man was a Jew! The crowd is credulous. It destroys, it consumes, it hates, and it dreams, but LYNCHINGS IN THE UNITED it never builds. STATES SINCE 1885 It is one of the most profound and im- Compiled for the 1931 W,wld Almanac, by portant of exact psychological truths Honroe N. Work, head of the Research and that man in the mass does not think but Record Department of the Tuskegee Normal only feels. The mob functions only in a and IndustrIal Institute and editor of the wo'rld of emotion. Negro Year Book.

The demagogue feeds on mob emotions, Year I White I Negro I Total and his leadership is the leadership of 1885 ……. 106 emotion, not the leadership of intellect 1886 …. .. …… . 78 184 and progress. 1887 67 71 138 , 42 80 122 Popular desires are no criteria to the real need; they can be determined only 1888 · …… 47 95 142 by deliberative consideration, by educa- 1889 • • • • • 0. 81 95 176 tion, by constructive leadership.-The 1890 ……. 90 127 World Almanac, 1931. 1891 ………………… 37 121 192 1892 71 155 255 ONE HUNDRED PER CENT 1893 ·. . .. . . 100 154 200 1894 . .. . . 46 134 190 AMERICANS 1895 56 112 171 , 59 80 131 By the editor of the Rockvllle, Indiana 122 166 Tribune.; quoted in Twice Thirty, autobiog· . 102 127 raphy by the late" Edward W. Bok. 1896 51 84 107 44 107 115 There Is no such thing as a "hun- · …… • •• 0 .,. 25 dred per cent American." MQst .of 23 us are dQing right well if we can 1897 qualify as .one-half per cent Americans. What is a hundred per cent · 1898 …… American? Let us name a few things · 1899 …… that none will deny as being among 1900 • •••• o' 8 the attributes that define a hundred ·· .. ···1 1901 28 107 135 per cent American. He must first .of 10 86 96 all, before considering his own rights, 1902 •.••. o. 18 86 104 have a higher regard fQr the rights 1903 83 .of .others ; he must .obey the laws- 1904 4 87 nQt the laws he chQQses himself tQ 1905 5 61 66 .obey and demands enfQrcement on 1906 ……. 8 64 72 .others, but all the laws. He mu-st 1907 ………….. 3 60 63 never swear falsely tQ a tax return; 1908 7 93 100 he must never run his automQbile .on 1909 ……. 14 73 87 the public highway faster than the 1910 · .. . . 9 65 74 speed laws declare; he must .observe 1911 . .. . . ." . 8 63 71 whatever laws are made tQ pre-serve 1912 , …… 4 60 64 the sacredness .of the Sabbath; his 1913 ……. 1 51 52 daily life, and particularly his nightly 49 52 life, must be such a-s tQ cause his fel- 1914 • • • • • 0- 3 lQW citizens to respect him as a man 1915 ·. …… 13 54 6'7 .of high mQrality. And abQve all, when 1916 …… 4 50 54 it CQmes tQ casting stQnes, he must ………….' 36 38 1917 ……. 2 60 64 himself be with.out sin. 1918 ……. 4 76 83 To be "one hundred per cent Ameri- 1919 ……. 7 53 61 1920 ……. 8 59 64 can" a man must be .one hundred per 1921 5 51 57 cent Christian. He must always and 1922 6 29 33 everywhere .observe the Golden Rule. 1923 4 He must put in practice the precepts 1924 0 16 16 1925 . . . . . . .·1 0 17 17 23 30 1926 7 16 16 0 1927 1 10 1928 3 7 11 1929 …….·1 10 24 25 1930 1 …. ··1 Total 1,050 3,252 4,312

A law of 1909 made education com-

Churches Welcome Indian Viceroy pulsory and most of it is free. The government expenditure for this pur- T ORD IRWIN, on his arrival in Lon- pose has been ten million pesos a year 1…..1 don, was greeted by representa- but the law has never been adequately enforced and there have been only tives of the churches, headed by the 30,000 small public schools for six mil- Archbishop of Canterbury. Lord Ir- lion children of school age. Over 45% win's work in India, as the Christian of the population can neither read nor World puts it, has been "a distinct write. (In the Netherlands the perasset to the Christian cause," for "he centage is less than one per cent.) has nobly witnessed for Christ in high places, regardless alike of men'·s praise President Alcala Zamora has anor of their blame." A Manchester nounced that the Government will help GuaTdian correspondent reports a sig- the small farmers with loans at 5 per nificant remark made to him by a well- cent interest on crops already sown. known Indian politician, himself a Brahmin, who said that, after one of New Jewish Movement the Viceroy's interviews with Gandhi Lord Irwin remarked, "I assure you T HE "Elia Movement" among Jews that all your deliberations will have in Germany is an inner synagogal my best wishes and my prayers." Christward move, under the leadership "We haven't had," commented the of some men of undoubted ability. Brahmin, "an Englishman in any po- Unfortunately these men speak disresition in authority in India who would spectfully of other efforts to evanhave dared say that, no, not for fifty gelize the Jewish people, and thus years." Lord Irwin showed himself to Hebrew Christians and all those inbe a man of strong religious convic- terested in winning the Jew to Christ tions, and that is a characteristic that can only watch this movement with counts for much with the leaders of prayerful interest, trusting to see in Indian public opinion. A deep impres- it a real turning of Jewish hearts to sion was made by the fact that, in re- Christ. The movement is parallel with mote corners of India, the viceregal Zionism.

train would be stopped on Sunday P. T. L. Among the Portuguese T mornings S'O that Lord Irwin might HE Pocket Testament League has recently been started in Portugal attend some wayside church.-The Churchman. and Bible reading is promoted among Drive Against Illiteracy in Spain the Portuguese-speaking people. In- terest in the Bible grew when enquir- T HE new Republican government ers began to compare the Bibles which has taken the first step to free had been distributed among them with Spain from illiteracy. On May 28 that which bore the imprimatur of plans were announced for expending Rome. It was a critical moment as 2,300,000 pesetas (about $230,000), to passage after passage wa·s compared construct secondary schools in various and found to be practically identical.

towns. Several at once decided to follow the A law of 1857 ordained primary Lord Jesus, and in other hearts the education and every town of 500 or light dawned more slowly, but from more was to have regular instruction. that time there was steady progress.

621

There is now a fine evangelical con- Ru.sian Futurist Town gregation of Portuguese-speaking folk ON THE East side of the Ural, in numbering over 140. Hitherto their the neighborhood of the enormous spiritual needs have been seriously ore deposits of the so-called Magnet neglected, in spite of their compara- Mountain, a communistic town will tive readiness to receive the Gospel. ari·se in the middle of the Steppes.

The town will be given the name of Protestants in Rumania Magnitogorst and will have a popula- T HE Reformed Church in Rumania tion of 200,000. The town must be has two districts comprising 816 finished in 1937. The Frankfort archicongregations, with 880 ministers in tect, Mr. E. May, has drawn up the charge of 780,000 souls. The relation plans. It will be built on a spacious between this Church and the State has scale, with many parks. The Russian improved of late years, although there Peoples Commissioner writes as fol- are still some regrettable stipulations lows: "The dwellings for all inhab- made, unfavorably affecting minority itants will be the same. Till their Churches (e.g., in religious educa- 16th year, all children will be edu- tion) ; and the Church is at peace with cated in a town-institution where the other Churches, although concerned parents will be allowed to visit them over the great Romanist propaganda but not too frequently. The fathers (e.g., encouraging of mixed marriages and the mothers name may not be in which both parties are readily used. C<lmmunism aims at the de- bound to Rome). Rationalism and a struction of the family and the crea- variety of faddist creeds also cause tion of the collectivist man and wom- anxiety. But the inner life of the an. Cooking will take place in a central Church is healthy and hope-promoting. kitchen and the meals eaten in com- A useful new liturgy has been pre- mon." Towns of this nature, but on pared giving guidance according to a smaller scale are in Stalingrad and Reformed principles, and an adequate Soffrino, near Moscow.

curriculum of religious education has been devised, based on the Heidelberg AFRICA Catechism, which has also been reis- Political Situation in Egypt sued for daily use along with Bible T AST summer Nahas Pasha, the .I…J head of the Nationalist Party, preand hymnary.

Conferences, schools, lectures, and sented to the King his resignation ow- literary activities are helpfully pro- ing to friction between him and His moted in spite of discouraging restric- Majesty. To his amazement, the King tions, and teachers are being carefully accepted his resignation and was able trained in the best modern methods. to find a vigorous personality to as- Missionary interest grows steadily. A sume the leadership in the Cabinet in hopeful new feature is the wonderful- a de facto government. The National- ly promising work of the 300 Women's ist Party sought to express the dis- Associations with their 12,000 mem- satisfaction of the people by a series bers all immersing themselves increas- of demonstrations but in every case ingly in philanthropic, ameliorative, the demonstration was prevented by and preventive work. The 432 Sun- police and army. A new Constitution day-schools are making encouraging was announced. It would be easy to progress. Here, and in Y. M. C. A. be cynical with reference to the de- work, the greatest stress is laid on velopment of the new Governments in Bible study. A stewardship move- the Near East and the Orient. A dis- ment-towards systematic liberality- cerning student of human progress has had an auspicious beginning.- will look below the wave·s to the ocean Pr(}f. Imre, in the "Quarterly Regis- tides and if so, he will see in the po- ter" (}f the Alliance (}f Reformed litical development of lands like Egypt Churches. a steady progress in their apprehen-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

sion of what democracy means, what chief native commissioner for South- parliamentary government represents, ern Rhodesia to the British Govern- and a steady mastery, if a slow one, ment: of the lesson of self-control, intelli- "To mission credit stands the al- gent judgment, and practical-minded- most accomplished cessation of twin ness. murders, and it is only a question of time when the same mission influence Egyptian Girl Receives American will bring to an end what the law can- Degree not destroy, the pledging of infant E VEN the casual visitor knows the girls in marriage." life of seclusion that is led by the women of Egypt. In contrast to all New Church for Johannesburg A this, at this year's Commencement ex-T JOHANNESBURG, So. Africa, the corner stone for a new Methercises the American University at Cairo graduated the first Egyptian odist Episcopal church for natives was girl t{) secure an American B.A. de- officially laid. More than 100 Eurogree in Egypt. The audience of dis- peans and several hundred natives tinguished Egyptians was most enthu- were present. The new church will siastic when Mi·ss Eva Habib, the cost about $6,000 and the native Chris- daughter of the Secretary of the tians-most of whom earn only $250 Egyptian Senate, won this honor. This a year-have pledged to pay one-half young lady has not only won this cov- the amount required. There are 80,000 eted degree, but has made an enviable Portuguese East African natives on record in her studies and other college the Rand.

activities. During her senior year, she was editor-in-chief of the college Railroad. in Southwest Africa paper. 'l' HE great railroad which is to run .1 from the Bay of Whales in South- Progress in Yoruba west Africa to the copper and coal T WENTY years ago the OW{) dis- mines of Rhodesia is offering many trict of the C. M. S., Yoruba Mis- opportunities to the Rhenish Society sion, possessed three paid African working in this part of Africa. One workers, two of whom were supported of theil' missionaries is carrying on a by funds from England. Today the most promising work among the labor- workers number 157, and this in spite ers that are gathering here from all of the fact that three areas which for- over Africa.

merly belonged to Owo district are now worked separately and have their WESTERN ASIA own staff. Only two of the 157 are Alien Schools in Turkey A supported from England; all the restN ATTACK on foreign educational institutions in Turkey was made are paid from local funds. For the whole Owo district, however, there are at a meeting of the Association for only two African clergy; and Canon Fostering Turkish Culture in Smyrna.

Jebb is at the moment the only active Mouheddin Bey, president of the As- worker in priest.s' orders, for one of sociation, said that Turkish children the pastors is a deacon and the other in foreign schools had to guard has been in the hospital for several against two danger.s, religious propa- months past. ganda and ideas contrary to the spirit of nationalism. The history of the InAuence of Mission. American college, he said, proved GOVERNMENTS in Africa appre- clearly that it was a missionary insti- ciate the quiet but important tution. Past experience had shown service that is rendered by mission- that Turkish students who entered as aries. This may be gleaned from a good Mohammedans had graduated paragraph from the report of the wearing crosses on their breasts.

Therefore, he argued, it was time they Church, at Etchmiadzin, is not in Ar- should safeguard themselves against menia, but in Russia, and is theref.ore such institutions. Mouheddin Bey's confiscated, and is used, under Soviet speech was loudly applauded, but as rule, as a barracks for a detachment soon as the applause ended the head of the Red Army. Its famous library of the college adjourned the meeting has been plundered, its schools closed.

despite protests of the students-New Indeed, the only schools for the York Times. training of clergy now allowed to function at all are, first, that of the Jews Welcomed in Hebron patriarchate at Jerusalem (where a HEBRON, scene of the Jewish mas- priest of the American Church, Canon sacre of 1929, staged a very dif- Bridgeman, is a member of the staff), ferent performance recently. The New and also that of the Catholicate of Sis York Times reports that twenty Arab in Cilicia. Catholicate, for a long tIme notables on the eve of the Jewish a merely honorary and nominal post, Feast of Pentecost came out to greet has now become one of the key-points the Scrolls of the Law, which were of the Armenian Church, and its school ceremoniously reinstalled in a tem- near Beirut does its work in a building porary synagogue, kissed the ,scrolls, erected for the purposes of the Near begged the forgiveness of the lrl>d of East Relief. It was handed over to the Torah for Arabs having harmed Jews Armenian Church for educational pur- and swore to safeguard Jewish resi- poses when the first need was no long- dents in the future. "We have not suf- er urgent-and it is supported by the fered half the trials and tribulations Armenians of Beirut, Paris, and New we deserve for murdering your breth- York.-W. A. Wigram.

ren," said one of the Arabs to Haim Bajayo, a shephardic rabbi, who con- A Widow from Yezd A ducted the ,scrolls back to Hebron. The POOR widow of fifty years of age, had begged and borrowed from same Arab guarded Jewish worshippers on their festival visit to the friends and neighbors a sufficient sum Patriarch's cave at Machpelah, pro- to enable her to pay for her transpor- tecting them against possible molesta- tation to the sacred city of Meshed.

tion. Thirty Jewish families now re- She was quietly happy in her humble side in Hebron; more are expected to way, as ·she commenced the long jour- return later. ney to the tomb of the saint.

It was Khadijeh's first journey, how- T.he Armenian Church ever, and her seat on the high, sway- T HE position of the Armenian ing camel was none too secure. She Church continues to give anxiety dozed and jerked awake, fearing lest to its friends. The Church in its own she slip off her precarious seat.

lands remains in a pitiful condition. Suddenly Khadijeh found herself on Its existence is allowed in the tiny the ground. The caravan stopped.

Armenian republic of Transcaucasia, Fellow-pilgrims slid off their beasts but in Turkey all its monasteries and and, with the camel-men, gathered all of its forty-four episcopal seats around the groaning woman. Poor have been destroyed, all its church Khadijeh attempted to rise but fell property confiscated, even the ceme- back with a moan. A camel-man doc- teries where the dead repose desecrat- tor diagnosed her condition as a bro- ed, and thousands of its priests are . ken leg, bound it to a board and pre- dead, in and since the War. pared a place for her in a palanquin There are still some 30,000 Armeni- swung on the top of a camel. With ans in Turkey, but these have only old much groaning Khadijeh continued priests to minister to them, and per- her journey.

mission to ordain new ones is refused. When Meshed was reached, the Meantime, the old headquarters of the travelers carried Khadijeh to the

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Shrine, for they all felt that the power Mr. Gandhi and the Gospel of Imam Reza could heal her broken bone. But the pain increased and after ASTATEMENT by Mr. Gandhi on three days of neglect Khadijeh began the work of foreign missionaries to have doubts of Imam Reza's power in the future self-governing India has to heal. She thought of the American been the occasion of a great contro- Hospital only a mile away and she versy. Dr. Stanley Jones has adpersuaded two of the pilgrims to car- dressed a long open letter to Mr. ry her there, where she was accepted Gandhi on the subject. Comments as an in-patient. An X-ray showed have been appearing in Protestant and that her leg was broken near the hip. Roman Catholic journals. Mr. Gandhi She was bathed, put into clean hos- deals with this controversy in Young pital clothes and a freshly made bed. India, and says that his statement What comfort! the first she had had should have been as follows: "If infor six weeks since that fall off the stead of con3.ning themselves purely camel one night out of Yezd. She to humanitarian work such as educalooked at the wall of the ward and saw tion, medical services to the poor and there a large picture of the Good the like, the missionaries would use Shepherd. Daily she heard the mes- these activities of theirs for the pursage of His life, His death and His pose of proselytizing, I would certainly resurrection, and slowly she realized like them to withdraw. Every nation that He was ker Saviour and that her considers its own faith to be as good pilgrimage of forty nights had not as that of any other. Certainly the been in vain. great faiths held by the people of India are adequate for her people. INDIA, BURMA, SIAM India stands in no need of conversion from one faith to another." He says: Hindu-Moslem Division "I hold that proselytizing under the cloak of humanitarian work is, to say T HE Gandhi-Irwin pact has been the least, unhealthy. It is resented by ratified by the Indian National the people here…. Why should I Congress, and Mr. Gandhi has been change my religion because a doctor appointed the .sole delegate to any con- who professes Christianity as his reliference at which the congress delega- gion has cured me of some disease or tion is desired by the government. why should the doctor expect or sug- There are some who believe that Hin- gest such a change whilst I am under du-Moslem riots are due to the activi- his influence? Or why should I whilst ties of a third party. Such activities, if I am in a missionary educational inany, bear fruit only because in both stitution .have Christian teaching communities there are a large number thrust upon me?"-The Christian Cenof persons who nurse old religious animosities and who Jive in fear of the tury. other community which may happen to be in power when self-government Mr. Gandhi and Missionaries comes. The All-India Moslem conference has declared itself solidly in favor SOME years ago Mr. Gandhi is reof ·separate electorates for Moslems, ported to have said that from the and has thus made the work of Mr. Sermon on the Mount he received the Gandhi extremely difficult. These reso- inspiration to start his campaign of lutions, together with the Cawnpore nonviolent noncooperation. Dr. Stanriot, are advanced as a justification ley Jones in "The Christ of Every for the British to remain in India and Road" writes: "I sat on the floor in keep peace between the two communi- the Ashram of Gandhi and listened ties.-The Christian Century. to an address given to a small group of the International Fellowship..• All 5 the time he was speaking I could not keep my eyes from a little picture just above his head. It was a picture of'

Christ upon the cross. As Gandhi almost no newspapers are read in the finished his address he turned towards country; that ways of disseminating us and said, 'Will you sing "When I ideas are extremely limited, and that Survey the Wondrous Cross.'" There thousands of people assemble on "mar- we sat-Hindu, Moslem, Christian- ket days." On such days, a wheel- and these who knew it sang it, some barrow gets a hearing.

of us with deeper meaning than ever Here are some of the exhibits: before." Model of a good road, and beside it a Now Mr. Gandhi said to the Mis- bad road. On the good road will be sionary Conference at Nagpur a few shown a man, prosperous, and wheel- years ago: "Today the missionaries ing his barrow in comparative ease.

tell people there is no salvation for Good roads will eliminate one large them except through the Bible and factor in famines. Other exhibits will through Christianity…. Do not be al- be of model wells which the villagers ways trying to preach your doctrines. may dig so as to have water available 'Christ never preached himself or any for irrigation during drought. Now ,dogma or doctrine." Bishop Badley in they depend on ponds. Another ex- his episcopal address at the last Cen- hibit will demonstrate reforestation.

tral Conference said: "The superficial- There will be health exhibits urging ity of this statement on Christ's teach- vaccination and other preventive meas- ing may be overlooked, but what shall ures. Agricultural exhibits will teach we do in the ·face of such an exhorta- the farmers how to treat their seed tion? … God's gift of eternal life wheat for preventi~n of disease, and through Jesus Christ is free to all other pests. Improved seed wheat will men, and nowhere can it be shown be shown and even sold. An evangel- that we have taken from any man his ist, a medical worker and agricultural liberty to accept or reject the Gospel specialist will accompany the wheel- message. We must, therefore maintain barrow.

our right, in the truest interest of I s India herself, to preach, baptize and Baptisms in Burma. teach, and so build the Church of THERE any other place in Burma Christ." Mr. Gandhi's utterance that where Christmas is celebrated by missionaries should withdraw when an early morning service such as that Swaraj comes, because he disfavors among the Kachins in Namhkam?

conversion, must make every Chris- About 4: 30 a. m., while the surround- tian, missionary or nonmissionary, ing world is steeped in sleep, lanterns think how he should act if Mr. Gand- in colorful display are lit all around hi's threat materializes. If Christian our compound and the large gong peels Indians feel a call to go and preach out its slow, dull, vibrating sound.

Christ outside India, may God enable We gather for a service of song, them to do so.-T. K. R. prayer and preaching which usually lasts until first signs of dawn.

Practical Gift from India. Christmas time seemingly helps the W HEN China's hunger suffering Kachins to turn their minds God- was reported to United Christian ward. We have had not less than ten Mission churches in India they not great Christmas gatherings where the only prayed-they sent real money. people came to meet and rejoice for a Realizing that the best relief is to period of two days. During the two help prevent a return of famine, the weeks following Christmas the Nam- ones to whom this money was entrust- hkam pastor and I baptized not less ed decided to fit up a ''Wheelbarrow than 152 Christians.

Exhibition." To understand its possi- In Maymyo there is a steady quiet bilities, one must know that nothing revival among the Kachin soldiers.

larger than a wheelbarrow can tra- Practically every month there is a verse the typical Chinese road; that large number of baptisms. The en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraging feature of this movement is Why Students are Irreligious that it is carried on among the soldiers LAST autumn the principal of the themselves. Practically all the higher Middle School, the largest govern- Kachin officers, even the Subedar Ma- ment school in Yanchow, Kiangsu, jor, are earnest Christians.-Gustaf asked me to teach senior English to A. Sword, in "The News." his students. This has given me a good opportunity to observe the way Mother of BnrDla MethodisDl things are run in a government school, T HE foundation of the new edifice and also the minds of the students. of First Methodist Church, Ran- They seem to be growing increasingly friendly. In their desire to appear goon, Burma, was laid last March, its mlightened they accept the dictum of third building since the commence- the new intelligentsia that religion is a superstitious survival from the days ment of Methodist work in that city of prehistoric man's undeveloped menin 1879. Starting with street preach- tality. Never having seen anything ing in Tamil and Telugu there grew but false religion and ignorant of what up congregations which were the small Christianity represents, they have beginnings of the Tamil, Telugu, Hin- lumped all religion in the same catedustani, Burmese and Chinese work. gory. They are young, things have "Today," says the Rev. D. C. Bald- been coming their own way, and they win, Pastor, "the First Methodist may not have felt any particular need Church shar.es the challenge of the for religion. But as their experience new Burma. The promise of separa- deepens, they feel the need and therein tion indicates a new day for this land lies our opportunity.-Rev. E. H. Forof pagodas. In this brighter future ster, in The Spirit of Missions. our people would share the burdens of citizenship side by side with the peo- ples of other races and faiths. We Laboratory of Christianity believe that Christian character makes substantial citizens; we face the new CHRISTIAN work in the island of day with confidence, assured that we Hainan was opened forty – nine will find our best safeguard by play- years ago. An adventurous Scandi-. ing our part in serving Burma with navian sea captain turned missionary, the highest ideals of our Master." explored the little known island and reported to the Presbyterian Canton CHINA MLssion, which accepted responsibility More Bandits and Missionaries for developing work there. Steadily and successfully preaching, teaching ON JULY 4TH the notorious Com- and healing, have made progress. munist leader in Western Hupeh Curiously enough, several stages of Province, "General" Ho Lun, released its evolution have been skipped; from the Rev. Oscar Anderson after nearly bean oil wicks she jumped to 50 watt three months of captivity on payment bulbs, from solid wheeled vehicles to of a large ransom in medical supplies 1931 models. Small, modern cities furnished by the Swedish mission. Ho now flourish and an up-to-date hos- Lun is reported as storming towns be- pital has just been opened in Hoihow.

tween the Han and the Yangtzse Its isolation led Russian agitators Rivers (west and northwest Hankow). five years ago to select it as "A Lab- He still holds captive Bishop Ricci and oratory ,of Communism," and Com- four Catholic priests from the Laoho- munists, both Russian and Chinese, kow mission for the release of whom have sought by indoctrination, intimi- he is demanding a $75,000 ransom. dation, misrepresentation, and worse The foreign missionarie·s in North- to make the island Communist. A western Hupeh are gathered at Laoho- campaign of terrorism furced the kow. evacuation of many members of the

mission for one or two years. Finally become loyal and useful citizens of the government expelled the worst China, and may be prepared to aid agitators, but only temporarily as they in building up and strengthenirtg are again active. Few roads are safe their respective communities along for travel,; block houses line the hill moral, intellectual, and humanitarian tops along the highways; towns and lines, and to promote the general purvillages are under constant guard. poses had in mind by each of the sev- eral missionary societies in establish- Here is an excellent opportunity to ing its educational work in China. make the island "A Laboratory of Christianity." The Presbyterian Board Christianity aud National Differences is the only one at work there. When four of its representatives paid a re- TONG-STANDING as have been the cent visit, the president of the Chamber. of Commerce said: "Hainan is L differences between Japan and deeply grateful for the effective and sacrificial service of the American China, an interdenominational confermissionaries, and we want them to ence held in Shantung, China, had stay forever."-George T. Scott. for its principal speakers Dr. Cheng Ching-yi, General Secretary of the Educational Union in Central China National Christian Council of China, and Dr. Toyohiko Kagawa, Japan's A PLAN is under consideration for great Christian Socialist. "It was an the affiliation, in Wuchang, China, evidence of the power of Christian exunder the name of Hua Chung (Cen- perience to triumph over national diftral China) College, of the work of ferences that the Chinese delegates higher education hitherto conducted could give such a cordial welcome to a by various missions in several cities Japanese leader," declares Grace M. in central China. Breck of Lintsing. Dr. Kagawa be- gan by apologizing for the political The following institutions are in- wrongs of Japan against China. His cluded in the plan: Boone College, sweet spirit soon won all hearts. The maintained by the American Protes- Chinese delegates prayed in Chinese; tant Episcopal Church; Wesley Col- Kagawa in Japanese; the foreigners lege, maintained by the English sometimes in English-but they all Methodists; Griffith John College, understood the spirit. As all rose to maintained by the English Congre- sing at closing, "God Be With You gationalists; Lakeside College, main- Till We Meet Again," all felt, as Miss tained by the Reformed Church in the Breck expresses it, "the reality of United States, at Yochow, and Yale- Christian unity and fellowship regardin-China, maintained by the Yale less of national or lingual differences." Foreign Missionary Society, at Chang- -The Congregationalist. aha. Bandits and Pastors Hua Chung College will have a Chinese president, and a board of direc- T HE Chinese Christian pastor made tors resident in China, of whom prisoner by bandits endures suftwo-thirds will be Chinese. A board ferings about which the world never of trustees in the United States re- hears. Mr. Jen's ·salary is nine dolsponsible for the general administra- lars a month-barely sufficient to cover tion will hold property not yet owned the mast meager expenses. Jen owned by the affiliating institutions. some farm land, upon which, of neces- sity, he was semi-dependent. He was The purpose of Hua Chung College captured by bandits with other prisonshall be to provide for the youth of ers, some of whom were beaten, muti- China a college education of high, lated and killed. Before he was free, standard with a view to developing his family had to sell his farm and character and intellectual capacity in give more than :tour hundred dollars its students, in order that they may

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to his captors…. Twenty-five miles he could not live. "Then I saw those from Tehchow lived the widow of a Christian women kneel down on the Christian pastor, herself a former fioor, and some with tears, pour out Bible woman. Her husband had car- their hearts in prayer for his life. I ried a thousand dollar insurance policy was not a Christian and had never with a foreign company. Upon his been to church, but even I could feel death the money went to his widow. that influence outside of ourselves that She was abducted and held until her filled that room. In three days the family had turned over twelve hun- child was well and running about the dred dollars, the insurance money plus room. I know there is power outside other savings. Yet, in the face of of us that can help us, and I have such tales, Rev. Leonard Outerbridge come back to Chinkiang determined declares that "this has been the most to be a Christian."–'Mrs. S. C. Far- encouraging year in evangelistic work rior, of Chinkiang.

that I have seen in China."-The Con- Rip Van Winkle China gregationali8t.

Peril in China I T IS interesting to watch this mod- ern Rip Van Winkle emerge from T HE shadow of a new civil war in the customs of hundreds, even thou- China has resulted in all Ameri- sands of years, and become up-to-date. cans near Foochow being warned to This is happening in our part of withdraw to· escape rebels advancing China today, in this provincial capital, down the Min River. General Chiang, Chinkiang, forty miles from the naprofessing little concern for the rebel- tional capital. The streets that have lion in the South, has taken the field been so narrow that you could almost to crush Hunan and Kiang·si Province touch the two sides with your outbandits and then he promises to retire stretched arms .are now broad streets from office to repudiate assertions that with wide pavements, a credit to any he desired to become a dictator or to town. As you step out of the way of found a new dynasty. Coincident with the wheelbarrow or the ricksha you assertions that the Southern China in- have to be careful not to be run over surgents were Communists, encour- by the automobiles and trucks that are aged by Russian cooperation, the gov- whizzing by. We used to see men ernment announced Nationalist troops strolling down the street, hand in had defeated 20,000 bandit Reds of hand. like a couple of school girls but Southern Kiangsi.-New York Times. now we may see young men and wom- en enjoying the companionship of each Christian Influence other as in America. Straw-covered huts are still to be A STRANGER came into the church seen, even on the new streets, and by one Sunday (at Chinkiang), an the side a very up-to-date building hour before the time for service, and with a concrete wall. A man with the just sat there. She had no friends in latest-cut foreign clothes, with pressed the church; no one had asked her to trousers and the latest style overcoat, come; nothing human had been may find his way blocked and speed brought to bear upon her coming. SM lessened by one who still ambles along said that she wanted to be a Chris- in his blue bags of pants and his tian, and the Sunday before had come queue tied around his head.

to church at eight o'clock instead of In this convulsion of 400,000,000 ten. As no one came in, she went people can be seen the new life pre- home, then came again the next Sun- dominating, then the old seemingly day at nine o'clock. She said that she swallowing it up, and then again the had been visiting in Shanghai when new coming to the top until a lasting the grandson of a Christian became ill impression is made.-Mr8. S. C. Far- with meningitis and the doctor said rior.

JAPAN, KOREA the children were surprisingly quiet Women Buddhist Priests and orderly. There were between two T HE Shingon -sect of Buddhism in and three hundred there. While the Japan has adopted another modern evangelist handled the projector, the innovation, namely, the ordination of Japanese pastor told the story which includes an outline of the life of women to the priesthood. American Christ. Tracts were distributed among the people in the audience. and European missionary methods Barber shops in Japan are open have been copied for a number of every day from early morning until late at night but they are closed one years, such as opening Shuynmdnasy-ssuchnogolts~ day each month, on the seventeenth. founding orphanages, Accordingly this barber has arranged to have a church service once a month Gospel tunes, but with different words at his home, always on the seventeenth whether it comes on Sunday or not. as "Safe in the arms of Buddha ,; They are also preparing to have a Sunday-school every other week, but "Onward, Buddhist Soldiers," and the that, too, will have to be on some other day than Sunday because the pastor establishment of a Young Men's Bud- working in that district already has a ful! Sunday program.-Charles M. Ledhist Association. Women priests are Galley, in "Outlook of Missions."

to pass an examination before ordi- nation, according to a recent confer- ence held in Kyoto, dress their hair in sober fashion, and wear no colored vestm~nts. They may not, however, serve III the large and more important temples, but are to be appointed to the branch temples of which there are nearly 10,000 in Japan, and of which "I number nearly one-fifth are at present The Value of Kindergartens without priests. N J APAN mothers have little idea of training and governing their How a Barber HelpB children," writes Miss Cornelia Jud- A BOUT a month ago I had an in- son of Matsuyama, Japan. "Many lit- tle ones come to us showing that they 1.. teresting peep into the rural life have never yet known the way of obedience. Here they first learn (most of Japan and the work that is being come from non-Christian homes) that done by evangelists in the villages there is a Father-God watching them where there are no Christian churches. loving them, wanting them to be kind: The evangelist from the Reformed truthful, obedient, unselfish, and the Church Mission at Sendai asked me results of the training are shown in to go along to a community of about the large number (86) of our chil- 800 where he was to help a native dren wh() have become monitors of pastor from a neighboring city give their classes in primary and higher a lantern-slide lecture based on Van schools. Our Night Scho()l Sunday- Dyke's story, "The Other Wise Man." school with an attendance of about 150 is largely composed ()f children who There is no church or pastor in this have been in the Kindergarten; others community but a barber and one or attend the Church Sunday-schools. All two others in the village are Chris- Christian workers in Japan are very tians and they had arranged that this strongly emphatic about the value of service -should be held. teaching the little children."

We were taken to a warehouse which was already jammed with people, a large proportion of whom were children. There were no seats of any sort and the room was not heated al- A New Church in Korea T though it was the middle of February HE union of the two Methodist churches in Korea was not the with snow on the ground. The crowd was squatted on the floor as close to- patching together of two similar gether as they could be packed and ready-made systems. It was a case of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

thinking through policies, plans, and of a church service in America at 2 : 00 doctrines to find what was best for a P. M. in mid-summer heat, with a modern church in a new field. semi-tropic sun added, attracting a Take, for example, the episcopacy. capacity audience as a regular and not There was a strong sentiment in favor an extraordinary thing. The Chris- of a "president" who would be a pre- tians in Pyengyang go to church by siding officer of assemblies rather than the thousands.

a bishop or full-time paid leader. They More than 900 Christians in a coun- wanted to make sure that there would try circuit pledged themselves recently be no third order or apostolic succes- to work definitely for the conversion sion ideas in the new church. When of three friends, each praying daily they decided to have a general super- for them throughout a six months'

intendent they proceeded to limit his period. As a result, every church has powers in such a way that democracy a large growth in membership and should have a chance. two doubled in size.-The Presbyte- Baron Yun, the leading Southern rian.

Methodist layman, feared at one time that too many new things might be ISLANDS OF THE SEA adopted. He urged moderati.on so Philippine CODlDlissioner's Views that the child would be recognized by CAMILO OSIAS, Commissioner for its parents. He claimed that the re- the Philippines in the United port of the commission put the Korean Church 300 years ahead of the mother States, is a product of Christian mischurches and he did not think the mothers would recognize any of those sions. When asked recently whether that· went further. In -substance he said, "We are a young church, only a foreign missions have been of real few years old. The mother churches have lived long-maybe 200 years. We service to the Philippine-s he replied: have given women the right of ordination, and it will take them a hundred Absolutely, and the service has been years to get it in the Southern Meth- most constructive. The Philippines stand odist Church. We have granted lay- as exhibit A, testifying to the efficiency men equal numbers in the Annual Con- of the foreign mission enterprise. Nineference and it will take them a hun- ty-two per cent of our own people are dred years to gain that privilege in nominally Christian, due to the influence the Northern Church." of missions. The American people should not judge the efficacy of missionary work It was not independence that pri- in tenus of church membership or physmarily started the move for this new ical assets alone. It should be judged church, it was the desire and necessity more on the basis of the larger service for union of two small groups in the engendered. Religious freedom, the open face of their mountain-like obstacles. Bible translated into the vernacular, and They have a great opportunity. Help the spirit of democracy are a few of the them meet it.-Dr. George F. Suthe.r- notable fruits of Christianity not meas- urable by statistics.

Dr. Osias feels that missionary ef- fort should stress three points:-de- veloping a deeper spirituality; pro- moting a native Christian literature and striving to secure church union.

land, in "The Christian Advocate." New Zealand-Then and Now Mission Work in Korea NE hundred years ago when Sam- O OREANS packed to the doors, on, K a terribly hot Sabbath afternoon New Zealand, to establish a mission, uel Marsden went to Wainate, in June. What was it-a political the Maoris were cannibal warriors.

meeting, a movie? Neither. It was Sometimes, one of the missionaries the regular church service in West said, he would find in the morning a Church, one of twenty-three Presby- row of heads stuck on his fence. They terian churches in the city and imme- were the evidences of a raid and a diate environs of Pyengyang. Think cannibal feast. Today the Maoris are

Christians, with their own pastors tion into an effective political and and bishops. The first church was educational force. The announcement built at Wainate in 1831 and George originates from a group of individuals Selwyn settled there in 1842. An old upon whom many dry counsellors have Maori spoke as follows at the recent informally laid the responsibility of centenary: "I believe in the Word of leadership with something like a man- God. In Wainate the first school was date. These individuals will begin an opened in New Zealand and there the intensive drive to last from Septem- first oak was planted…. I don't like ber, 1931, to June, 1932, designed to to advise the white folks not to work erect in every county and precinct of on Sundays. The Maoris may do like- the United States a working organiza- wise and spoil their reputation! Unity tion of "Allied Citizens Supporting the is the great thing." Eighteenth Amendment." Three men Captain Rushwork, a member of in the leadership of this aggressive Parliament, said: "When the early program are Dr. Daniel A. Poling, the missionaries came to New Zealand Hon. Oliver W. Stewart and Col. Ray- they had no hope 'of returning home. mond Robins. They have the confi- It was like going to the moon. How dence of the entire dry public and they many of us would volunteer for such a know the problem. They have no pro- service? Today we honor these early fessional connection with any dry law- Christian pioneers while nothing is enforcing or legislative agency. They planned in memory of the traders or stand above the prejudices with which the beachcomber who lived and drank either wets or drys have assailed this riotously." or that agency. They therefore may Seed on Good Ground hope to command a unified response on the part of the dry citizenship. A PATIENT in the Tagbilaran hos- pital, in the Philippines, was The appeal will be addressed to all given a Testament. After recovery he citizens who hold that the traffic in took his Testament with him into the beverage liquor is. a social evil of the distant mountain barrio and later, first magnitude; that prohibition of the traffic by constitutional enactment when a colporteur of the American is the only effective way for American Bible Society was unsuccessfully try- society to deal with it; that, despite ing to sell Bibles in a near-by town, its violation and much weakness in its an inhabitant said to him: "In the enforcement, prohibition is a far hills they are all asking for that book." greater success than the distorted in- The colporteur went to the barrio terpretations given in the dominant indicated and found that the chief man wet press have led many to believe; was the one who had been in the hos- and that the present need is for dry pital at Tagbilaran. This man had been leading his people in Bible study, public sentiment to embody itself in had organized them into a congrega- 'Organized form in order to meet eftion and regular worship was being fectively the present crisis, and to mobilize general public opinion in beheld every Sunday. half of the voluntary observance of "We had no teacher," said he, "so the law.-The Christian Century. we just read the Bible before the peo- ple and let the Bible speak to us. We Million Dollars Put to Work D had no prayer book, so we just closed URING the thirty years of its his- tory, the Bible House of Los our eyes and talked to God." Angeles has received and expended NORTH AMERICA over a million dollars for the dissemi- A Law Observance Ca.m.paign nation of Christian literature. The A COUNTRY-WIDE campaign will Society was organized shortly after be launched in September to or- the close 'Of the Spanish-American ganize the dry sentiment of the na- War for the special purpose of provid-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing Testaments and Gospels for free a great personality and pastor of Sec- distribution among the new Spanish- ond Presbyterian Church, Pittsburgh.

speaking citizens of the United States. Dr. Swift received his education at Since that time more than seven mil- Williams College under the powerful lion New Testaments and Scripture missionary influences which flowed Portions have been given without from the Haystack Prayer Meeting of charge to missionaries and colporteurs 1806, was himself accepted for mis- in Spanish-speaking lands throughout sionary appointment but never went to the world. Large editions of similar the field. He was the first secretary literature have been issued in Portu- of the Society.

guese, French, Italian, Arabic, Ger- Africa and India were the first fields man, Chinese, Rausa and Icelandic. of ·service for this new society. On Besides all this, many millions of the January 31, 1832, the society recorded well-known "Underscored" tracts and this action: "Resolved, That in view booklets in several languages have of the spiritual wants of Africa, this been widely scattered. The work is committee will make it their first obsupported wholly by voluntary offer- ject, if the providence of God shall ings. seem to open the way, to plan a mis- sion at some suitable place on that Century of Presbyterian Foreign Mis- continent as soon as the requested 'Sions measures can be adopted to effect that ONE hundred years of organized important end." Rev. John C. Low- Presbyterian Foreign Missions rie, from Western Theological Semiwere celebrated at the meeting of the nary, Pittsburgh, offered himself for General Assembly in Pittsburgh, May service in India, and on May 30, 1833, 28-June 3. The centennial of the or- sailed with Mrs. Lowrie for India.

ganization of the Board will be ob- served in 1937, but the Synod of Experiment in Missionary Education A Pittsburgh in 1831 organized the T THE Madison Avenue Church of Albany, N. Y., one Sunday eve- Western Foreign Missionary Society. The American Board of Commis- ning each month is set aside for mis- sioners for Foreign Missions (Congre- sionary education. Group meetings gational) was organized in 1810 and for informal discussion and questions for many years Presbyterian churches. are held; one group for men, one for sent their foreign mission gifts women, another for boys and girls of through the American Board. Strong high school age, and a fourth for feeling existed, however, that the work young people, the subject again being of foreign missions was an obligation presented at the regular evening serv- of the Church itself in its distinctive ice. Later motion pictures are shown character as a Church and that the and opportunity given for further dis- Assembly should organize its own cussion and questions. Three mission- Board of Foreign Missions. In 1831 aries, Rev. Boude C. Moore, of Japan, the Synod of Pittsburgh, realizing Dr. Taeke Bosch, of China, and Rev.

that the Church itself in its distinc- John D. Muyskens, of India, have as- tive character as a Church is a mis- sisted in the project. The Board of sionary society, organized the Western Foreign Missions has furnished excel- Foreign Missionary Society, and ap- lent motion pictures for $1.50 a reel.

pealed to the whole Church to make Information has been given and inter- sure of its work. The Rev. Dr. Elisha est stimulated in the countries stud- P. Swift was active in promulgating ied; also the meetings have given the the principle that "the work of foreign opportunity for the people, especially missions is not an optional interest the youth, to meet missionaries in w be left by the Church to individuals an informal way.-Christian Intelli- and voluntary associations." He was gencer.

Will the Protes,tant Episcopal Church lineup waiting for a "white collar job,"

Enter India? there are forty-two white men whl} THE committee of the National take precedence over him; if he is in Council of the Protestant Episcopal the unskilled labor group, he must Church reports a letter from the compete against fourteen. The high Archbishop of Calcutta, expressing turnover jobs are his and even here, again the hope that the Church in as well as in the traditional trades of the United States will undertake work his people, such as barbering, serving in India. The Rt. Rev. V. S. Azariah, as waiter, etc., there is a definite trend LL.D., Bishop of Dornakal, urges that to replace him by white labor. No the American Church begin work in matter what his work, his wage is. India in the Singareni area of Dorna- lower than that of the white man in a like position. So the Negro woman kal. turns earner. -Leila A. Rothenberger. Part of this area has been worked by the American Methodist Episcopal Mission but the Methodists have with- New Dry Daily Newspa.per T drawn and have turned over the en- HE New York City newspaper which Stanley High is organizing tire responsibility to the diocese of Dornakal. Bishop Azariah states that will be "first of all a newspaper, run they are unable to meet this new re- by newspaper men, under a hard- sponsibility without aid both in per- boiled business leadership," said Stan- sonnel and money. ley High after his resignation as ed- A forward step was taken by the itor of The Christian Herald was an- National Council by a report for ref- nounced.

erence to General Convention, asking According to present indications, he ,that consent be given to the under- said, the first issue of the new paper taking of the work outlined by the would appear this year. Approxi- Archbishop of Calcutta and the Bishop mately one-half of the $10,000,000 of Dornakal, on condition that suf- capital has been subscribed, and the ficient financial support can be secured rest is "hopefully in sight."

to carry it on for a trial period of "It is a mistake," he said, "to get three years at an approximate cost, in- the idea that this will be a prohibition cluding capital expenditure, of $15,000 newspaper. There are certain definite a year. issues, in my opinion, more pressing than prohibition. We intend to do The Most Courageous Woman more definite crusading on economic WHEN Dr. Edward A. Steiner and international issues than we do on toured Europe to find the man prohibition. And we shall give these lowest down, he found the greatest subjects as much news and editorial burden bearer to be the Slavic woman. space as we give to prohibition."

Recently a group of thirty-four peo- On the basis of recent research in ple, nineteen white and fourteen black, newspaper circulation Mr. High said toured our southern states in the first that he expected 100,000 paid subinterracial seminar on wheels. Going scribers, not including newstand buy- as a fact-finding group they, too, ers, before the first issue appeared.

found a woman-the most courageous The primary circulation emphasis, one in the United States. She is the moreover, will be outside New York Negro wife and mother. in the area beyond the commuting In a double sense, the Negro woman zone. Thus national and international is the bearer of her race. Besides issues will command more space than bearing children, she is forced, by the in current dailies, although city news economic conditions under which her will be covered "adequately." The people live, to join her husband as paper will appear every week day wage earner. If her husband is in the morning, but Sunday editions will be

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

omitted. Its publishing plant will be of overcoming their SUspIcIon, scien- in the metropolitan area. A few "key tists have studied them very little.

men" of the staff have already been selected. If business conditions con- A Guayaquil Campaign I tinue to improve the first issue will N A Gospel campaign in Guayaquil, probably appear before 1932.-Herald- the Christian message was force- fully heralded to 120,000 Ecuadorians Tribune.

for fourteen days. Every day the two LATIN AMERICA leading papers of the country, El Tele- Progress in Tolerance grato and El Universo, published well- written announcements and invita- PROTEST ANT Christians have won tions to the "Templo Evangelico," and respect in Guatemala, as shown by 5,000 circulars were distributed daily. the fact that Protestants are in great These efforts, backed by prayer, demand as servants, bill collectors, brought together large adult assemoverseers and similar positions requir- blies. A meeting for men only was ing honesty and reliability; and by the attended by nearly a thousand repreclasses of people being reached. At sentative doctors, lawyers, city offifirst, only the down-and-outs who had cials, as well as artisans; perhaps the nothing to lose dared come to evan- largest group of men ever assembled gelistic services. The well-to-do would in Ecuador to hear the Gospel. In all not even come, like NicodBmus, by the after meeting,s, many knelt in renight. Gradually the literate class pentant prayer, and decided to accept began to come, then the intelligentsia. Christ. Over 1,200 meet every Sunday in Guatemala City to study the Bible and Brazilian Worker for Africa are not afraid of being called Protestants. In most outside towns meet- T HE Brazilian Church, in its comings can be held with no likelihood of parative youth, is planning to furinterference, and in any event support nish missionaries for Africa. The of officials can be relied upon. first to enter upon this service was Miss Celenia Pires Dantas, who went Another Uttermost Part to Angola over a year ago under the auspices of the Women's Missionary T HE New York Times announces a Society of the United Church of Can- special expedition into Bolivia to ada. Enthusiastic reports of her work study the last remaining remnants of have been received.

the Uro-Chipaya Indians. These Indi- Miss Dantas, a teacher in the Gov- ans, who were established in the high- ernment school in Campina Grande, lands of Peru and Bolivia, hundreds was converted about six year.s ago, and of years before the Incas of the Ay- has rendered efficient service in the maras or the Quechuas, live in miser- Sunday-school of her own town. The able round mud-huts with thatched Angola Mission is seeking additional dome-shaped roofs, scattered in small workers from Brazil, where the Por- groups on the desert between the tuguese language is spoken.

Andes and Lake Poopo, the same re- gion to which their ancestors were GENERAL exiled by the conquering Aymaras be- Laymen's Foreign Mission Inquiry fore the arrival ()f the Incas. In their A BOUT a year ago plans were made life of isolation, these Indians have t1 by leading Protestant laymen preserved many of the customs ob- (among whom was John D. Rockefel- served before the Spanish conquerors ler, Jr.), to conduct a thorough inves- arrived, and the women stm wear tigation of foreign missions as con- • dresses such as those found on pre- ducted by Protestant churches of the historic Peruvian mummies. Because United States at a cost of about 40 of their remoteness and the difficulty million dollars annually.

The executive committee appointed five denominations for their official at that time, headed by Albert L. approval. Scott, a leader among Baptist laymen, announces that 10 of the 12 members Three denominations, Congregaof the investigating commission have tional, Christian and United Brethren, now been named. They are: Dr. W. have recently organized the Evan- E. Hocking, professor of philosophy at gelical Church of Puerto Rico. This Harvard; Mr. and Mrs. Harper Sib- new church embraces a total of 36 naley, of Rochester, N. Y.; Miss Mary tive organized churches, with a to- E. Woolley, president of Mt. Holyoke tal membership of 3,518. The move- College; Dr. H. S. Houghton, dean of ment toward union originated in the the University of Iowa College of island, and with the full approval of Medicine; Dr. Charles P. Emerson, the Boards in the United States, the dean of the University of Indiana actual working out of details was left School of Medicine; Dr. Arlo A. with the Puerto Ricans and the few Brown, president of Drew University; missionaries on the field.-Federal Dr. W. P. Merrill, of the Brick Pres- Council Bulletin. byterian Church, New York City; Dr. Albert R. Mann, dean of Cornell Uni- Men and Missions Anniversary versity Agricultural College, and Dr. Rufus M. Jones, professor of philos- NOVEMBER 15, will mark the ophy at Haverford College. Twenty-fifth Anniversary of the meeting at which the Laymen's Mis- The names of the other two com- sionary Movement was launched in missioner.s will be announced later. the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian This commission will leave next Octo- Church, New York City, in 1906. It ber for a nine months' study of mis- is recommended that churches everysions in India, China, Japan and where commemorate this day as "Men Burma. and Missions Sunday," with sermons on some phase of the theme; with a More Ohurch Union layman to speak on the same topic for five or ten minutes; taking up this AREQUEST for the union of Con- subject in men's Bible classes and on gregational, Methodist and Pres- "the air" in order to call men to rebytErian churches in Australia was newed interest in the study of Chrismade in 1916. At a recent meeting tian missions at home and abroad. of the three churches under the leadership of the President-General of the An interdenominational men's meet- Methodist Church, negotiations took a ing is to be held in the Fifth Avenue step forward. A committee was Presbyterian Church, New York, named to arrange a basis for federa- in the afternoon and simultaneous tion, and in the meantime there will men's meetings in other cities from be an interchange of pulpits in order coast to coast. Some of the foremost to further the process of unification. laymen and missionary leaders will speak concerning the world·wide mis- A Federation of Evangelical Church- sionary obligations of Christian men. es has now been formed in Brazil, as Probably the interest of men concernthe outgrowth of a meeting in Rio de ing their relation to the world work Janeiro (February 3d) attended by of Chri·st has increased a hundredfold representatives of the Presbyterian, in the past twenty-five years. It is Independent Presbyterian, Episcopal, probable that over 800,000 men will Congregational and Methodi·st bodies. listen in on the discussion over the Professor Erasmo Braga, a distin- radio next November. guished Protestant leader of Latin America, was elected Corresponding The offices of the Movement are Secretary of the new organization. located at 19 South LaSalle, St., Chi- cago, Ill. and at 419 Fourth Ave., New The constitution is now before the York City.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Archibald Orr Ewing-"That Faithful and maintain an intelligent missionary in- Wise Steward." By Marshall Broom- hall. 150 pp. 28. 6d. China Inland terest in his church in Nashville, Ten- Mission, and The Religious Tract So- ciety. London. 1931. nessee. He is also chairman of the There is no endowment so great as Executive Committee of Foreign Misthe memory .of sacrificial service. This "Faithful and Wise Steward," sions in the Presbyterian Church in was born in Liverpool 1857 and died in 1930 at Southampton. His long the U. S. Yet he insists in the introlife represented two periods of service in China in Shansi Province to the duction to this book that he is not "a North and Kiangsi the South. In 1911 he returned to England for health ims isvseiroynamryu·cehxpaenrte."xpeFrot ronallthtehaht~mhee reasons. Heir to his father's fortune he was not only an honorary mission- end of the world enterprise and pasary of the China Inland Mission, but a steward whose bounty made possible tors can learn from the volume how the expansion of the work at a critical period in the history of this Society. to approach people who have all kinds "As a missionary he knew a missionary's needs, and his gifts in the head- of difficulties about the work. It is a quartel'"s at Shanghai, in the school at Chefoo, in the sanatorium at Kuling, book, as good after a few years as toand in a hundred other ways, were for the efficient service, the well-being day, hence, it does not deal with and the comfort of his fellow-workers. In this way he became the beloved merely passing world conditions, exminister and servant of his brethren." cept by way of illustration. Several Such a life of sacrifice and devotion is insplrmg. Here is a present-day chapters are of peculiar importance illustration of a rich young man whom Jesus loved and who did forsake all for the present hour, such as the one to follow Him. Mr. Ewing's manly courage, bold evangelism, affectionate on "The Intolerant Christ" which furhome-life and cheerful disposition are outstanding characteristics. nishes a needed answer' to the easy S. M. Z. proposal that all religions shall be reckoned of equal value, and another on "The Creed to tChoensqoumeretwhheaWt sot>rilnd~"­ which deals with less suggestion that Christianity is whatever one likes to think it is and that it is so much a "way of living"

that it is not also a way of thinking.

~he book is instinct with common sense and Christian sagacity.

C. B. MeA.

HEy My Spirit." By Jonathan Goforth. 189 pp. Gospel Publishing House Springfield, Mo. 1931. '

Dr. Goforth after engaging for many years in various lines of mis- The Field Is the World. By James I. sionary labor in the province of Ho- Vance, D.D., LL.D. 164 pp. Presby- nan, North China, wi'th ever increasing terian Committee of Publication, Rich- emphasis on direct evangelism, re- mond, Va. 1930. sponded years ag,o to his conviction Dr. Vance is an experienced pastor that he had received a very clear call who has had much occasion to build and of God to a wider ministry, both to 637

nonChristians and to those already tions that portray in detail, disadvan- in the Christian Church. Invited to tages and evils which still handicap many parts of China to conduct re- the progress of a portion of the women vival meetings, he has not only called of India, even these sections' are free "sinners" to repentance, but has also from any taint of personal invective.

summoned the Christian "Pharisee An important place is given to Indian and Sadducee" to bring forth fruits agencies of reform, such as the Wom- meet for repentance in confession and en's Indian Association, and the All- reparation. It is of his manifold ex- India Conferences for Educational and perience and observation of results in Social Reform. Both in the sources this nation-wide ministry that Dr. referred to throughout the text, and Goforth writes in this book in copious in the bibliography, Indian and Euro- attest of his mature conviction that pean writers have been referred to the Spirit of God is the only power impartially, and the bibliography in- which can set pagan or Christian right cludes writers ranging all the way with God and with fellow man, and from British officials to the most transform the individual, the family ardent Nationalists. A. B. VAN D.

and the social relations of men on earth into the relations of the King- Seen and Heard in a Punjab Village. By dom of Heaven. While perhaps some- Miriam Young. 228 pp. 58. Student what over-critical of those who have Christian Movement Press. London.

not altogether. agreed with his meth- This is the story of how two English ods, and of his fellow-missionaries in women lived and worked f.or three general, he yet relates many telling years in village fashion, and by naincidents of the great Manchurian re- tural contacts with simple friendly vival and of subsequent local move- neighbors came nearer to understand ments of the Spirit in many places, the way the Indian villager looks leading up to his establishment of the at life and at the Christian message Canadian Presbyterian Church's new of the missionary. It is suggestive of Mission in Manchuria. The book will the simplicity of their effort that the contribute to the reader's assurance word mission and missionary seldom that the day of spiritual miracles has occurs in the story, written by one of not passed. them.

The Key of Progress: A Survey of the Nearly the entire first year was spent as a sort of apprenticeship, Status and Conditions of Women in In- satisfying curiosity, overcoming the handicap of being known as a for- dia. By Several Contributors. Edited eigner, making friends and studying by A. R. Caton with a Foreword by H. E. the Lady Irwin. 7s. 6d. Oxford University Press. London.

Here in small compass, are the main how to adapt the message to the men- facts concerning the life and progress tality of the listeners, and how to get of Indian women. It is a survey, them to listen. The whole book de- packed with information presented in lights the reader by its fresh, intimate a highly concentrated form, and care- and readable account of Punjab village fully organized and documented. The life, and there is much of genuine subjects dealt with are education, missionary interest in the attempt of health, marriage and home life, the the writer to sum up the value of the social evil, rural life, and the place of mass movement. The last chapter, women in industry. A complete and "How We Tried to Present Religion,"

well arranged bibliography adds to will be read more than once by many the value of the book. workers in the foreign field as they This study has been made from a seek to know what was and what was purely objective and scientific stand- not accomplished by this unusual outpoint. While there are certain por- pouring of loving sacrifice. J. C.

BOOKS WORTH READING

The Grass Roof. By Younghill Kang. Concessions at AmDY and Chinkiang, 367 pp. $3.00. Scribner's. New York. and for the Reorganization of the 1931. Shanghai Provisional Court, the Brit- ish Boxer Indemnity Agreement, and This life story of a young Korean the documents relating tD the SinD- Russian railway dispute. is as refresbing as a mountain breeze. ~e treatment of the Christian The author, with fine powers of de- Movement in China (pp. 307-319) is rather inadequate when compared scription, graphically tells of his birth with other sections, but it is up-tD- date and sympathetic. There is an inin a little village in Northern Korea teresting "Who's Who" of the present luminaries on the Chinese political shortly before the Russia-Japan War. hDrizon; there are no maps and the general index is not full. S. M. Z. He describes the poverty, and yet the simple dignity ·of his parents, and his own life of varied adventures, strug- gles to secure an education, imprison- ment by the Japanese police when he championed the independence move- ment, and a voyage to America with a friendly missionary. He rightly says: Confucius and Confucianism. By Richard "The life that I have lived, with all Wilhelm, translated by G. H ..and A. P. Danton. 176 pp. $1.75. Harcourt, the joys and sorrows, is an interesting Brace and Ce. New Yerk.

life. . . . My one aim is to tell the hu- The life of Confucius as recorded by man story of one man, made up with Sse-Ma Ch'ien, the early Chinese his- the stuff called love, hatred, smiles and torian, and the writings of Confucius tears. All I can do is to tell this sin- and his followers from the basis of cerely and frankly, for life has always this compact volume. Extracts are seemed to me bigger than anything quoted from the classics to illustrate else." It is a charming narrative, and his teachings. The renderings of the it gives the reader a clearer under- original are free and in many cases standing of the ability and aspira- are very different frDm the actual tions of many educated young Kore- texts, and the translators point out ans. A. J. B. that Wilhelm "was an extremist in his The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. attitude toward the Chinese ethics." G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. Simpkin, Marshall, Ltd., London. For the sake of accuracy, his work This is the thirteenth issue of an should be compared with renditions of up-to-date encyclopedia of infDrmation and is accepted as the standard Legge and others. However this is authority 'On things Chinese. The editDr has had the CODperation of a num- a good introduction to the Confucian ber of experts including two Dr three writers on missiDnary topics. In ad- classics and a fascinating sketch ditiDn to the usual informatiDn on geDgraphy, statistics, shipping, public 'Of the great sage. It will also help health, expDrts and imports, communications, finance, etc., there is a chap- beginners to understand Islam in ter on religions, 'On present government and the system 'Of National edu- China and the sway that Confuciancation. Among the documents in the new issue are: the CDnventiDn for the ism has exerted. The short bibli- RenditiDn of Weihaiwei, the Sino- American Aviation CDntract, the new ography at the end of the book is of Copyright and Insurance Laws, the new French, Japanese, Greek and value. C. L. P. Czecho-Slovakian Treaties, the Agreements for the Rendition of the British Which Way Religion1 By Harry F. Ward. 221 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1931.

We need a practical religion that affects all aspects of life. To accom- plish this Prof. Ward urges that the principles of Jesus must be accepted and applied or civilization will inevi- tably go down.

Dr. Ward differentiates between the principles of Jesus and present-day

organized Christianity. The difficulty by the Mission CQnference in Saxony.

is not that most people willfully dis- It is a neat little volume of 153 pages.

regard Him. It is that they do not The editor is pastor Wm. Gerber. The know Him. The basic fact in Ameri- book contains a number of very can life has been the making of informing and useful articles on mis- money. The god "Success" is wor- sion subjects, a cQmprehensive sur- shipped, consciously or unconsciously. vey 'Of Lutheran missions for the This has resulted in the deification of preceding year and very accurate sta- the machine. The author's theory is tistics 'Of missions as carried on by that ethical development should be the mission groups in Germany, Australia first concern 'Of religion. As Chris- and America. It is the most com- tianity becomes ethical, life will be prehensive work of its kind.

enlarged, and the deeper values will Christus an Torii und Pagode. function more fully. One wonders if the author believes that the ethical Devaranne. Leopold Klotz, Publisher, can do all that he claims. Surely Gotha. 270 pages. Price $2.00. The there is more in Christianity than author, already well known, here gives us a book dedicated to those among animated ethics. the educated, whQ despise foreign mis- Salvation, according to this view, is sions, but still have a sense of re- ligious values. He offers theoretical not a gift but a search. To trust considerations and practical discusmoney makers to bring in a good life sions and much documentary material. for the world is as foolish as to ex- He discusses foreign missions as to pect medicine men toO bring back health motives and results and defends them toO suffering humanity. J. F. R.

Everyland Children-Candy and Love. By against modern doubts and opposition.

Lucy W. Peabody. 60 pp. 25 cents. NEW BOOKS Central Committee. No. Cambridge, Mass. 1930. Hinterlands of the Church. Elizabeth R.

Nothing is more important than the Hooker. 314 pp. $2.50. Institute of training .of children to know God as Social and Religious Research. New He is made known to us in Jesus York. Christ and to be in real sympathy with the wQrk that Christ came intQ the The China Year Book, 1931. Edited by H. G. W. Woodhead. 730 pp. $12.50. WQrld to do. University of Chicago Press. Chicago. Mrs. Peabody has brought 'Out the Coral. Charlotte Murray. 255 pp. 28, 6d. seventh little bQQk toO pr.omote an Pickering & Inglis. London. understanding friendship among the children of the world. Five of these Annual Report-Home :Missions Council, 1931. 72 pp. Home Missions Council. New York.

interesting stories tell of child-life in Charles to Stndd. Thomas B. Walters. fQreign lands. This latest one intro- Belgian Congo. Edited by Richard P.

duces us to a brother and sister in An Index to the Holy Bible. 35 cents. India, named Candy and Love. We Bible Institute Colportage Association.

learn what they wore, what they ate, Chicago.

what they were interested in, and how Korea, the Old and the New. Ellasue they learned about Jesus and passed Wagner. 160 pp. $1.50. Revell. New the g.oQd news along. A clever touch York.

at the end shows that Mrs. PeabQdy The Outlined Acts. Robert Lee. 114 pp. understands how toO get reactions 3s. Pickering & Inglis. London.

frQm little readers, and a1sQ how toO The Pool of Sacriftce. Josephine Hope turn these ~eactions toO good accoOunt. Westervelt. 219 pp. $1.50. Revell. New York. E. B. D. P. Religion and Civilization in West Africa.

A Lutheran Mission Yearbook, 1931 J. J. Cooksay and Alex. McLeish. 277 pp. Maps. 58. Worid Dominion Press. is the 44th annual yearboQk published London.

The Missionary Review of the World — April 1931

BEVELLS ANN&aCI: '

AVOID THIS ~. MISFORTUNE LET YOUR GIFT "I know of no one more deserving to Foreign Missions of sympathy than a woman with limited I resources, without children to advise PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME her, without business experience, sud- denly left a widow and compelled to You can make a generoUS gift to foreign mis- settle an estate." sions and have a needed income for yourself and others from the money you give by the Who will be her advisor? Who will share her troubles and re- Annuity Gift Plan sponsibilities? Who will provide for her in case of This plan relieves you of uncertain ty and loss of principal? worry caused by changing va]ues of invested funds and assures you a fixed income of This can all be avoided by investing your savings in Annuity Agreement. 4t% to 9% per year of the Methodist Mission Boards. for the rest of your life For furilier illformation write: A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board I the prompt payment of annuities to you.

of Foreign llissiolls of the Methodist Protect yourself against loss through unwise investments and at the same time E Yor,kl, _N'. YC.h,"cocrh. ISO Fl"h A"""" Ncw I help send the gospel to all the world.

W. J. ELLIOTT, Treasurer, Board of For .lull in/ormation wrz"te Erne.t F. Hall~ Secretary~ Dept. of Annuiti•• Home :Missions and Church ExtenslOn of the ~ ethochst Episcopal Church, 170 Arch BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS St, Philadelphia Pa. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue. New York – – – – – – – —–~ ~ — PERSONALS School of Missions at Mount Hermon, THE REV. HERBERT F. LAFLAMME has California, has been reelected chairman recently become promotion secretary for and has plans under way for the next the New York area for The American school, July 4-11, which will be the Mission to Lepers. He will be associated .. ..'" twenty-fifth session of the school.

with the General Secretary, Mr. Wm. M. DR. S. H. CHESTER, for some years the Danner, with headquarters at 156 Fifth honored and beloved secretary of the Avenue. For eighteen years Mr. La- Executive Committee for Foreign Mis- flamme served as a Baptist missionary sions of the Presbyterian Church in the in India. For three and a half years United States, celebrated his eightieth he was Traveling Secretary for the Stu- birthday on January seventeenth at the dent Volunteer Movement for Foreign home of his daughter in Passaic, New Missions, for ten years he was one of Jersey. … … …

the Field Secretaries of the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and for the last DR. JOHN M. MOORE has resigned as general secretary of the Federal Counten years he has been Field Secretary cil in charge of the development of state and local federation. The direction of the Greater New York Federation of of these features of the Federal Council is now to be in the hands of Dr. Roy B. Churches. '" … Guild, with headquarters in Chicago.

Upon THE REV. DR. J. A. MOREHEAD, THE REV. AND* M*RS*. JONATHAN Go- president of the Executive Committee of FORTH, of China, have started back for their difficult field in Manchuria, leaving the Lutheran World Convention, the Toronto on December 26th.

King of Denmark and Iceland has be- THE REV. C. R*AN*KIN* BARNES, rector stowed knighthood in the Order of of St. James' Church, South Pasadena, Calif., has been elected assistant secre- Dannebrog. The honor was conferred tary of the Department of Christian So- cial Service of the National Council of for relief service in Europe as commis- the Protestant Episcopal Church, sioner of the National Lutheran Council and distinguished service to the churches and to the. nations through leadership in the Lutheran World Convention move- … … . ment.

MRS. W. E. CROUSER, who successfully guided the 1930 session of the Federate Please mention THE MISSIONARY RIIlVIIIlW OF THill WORLD In wrltlnl: to advertisers. Missionary Society J. P. BUNTER, B.A., L.L.B., of Poona, Workers and Members India, died on November 25th at the age of 58. He was a strong Christian and was WiliWeleome Government Pleader and Public Prose- cutor at Poona. Though a lawyer by This 8-Section 20-Lesson Course by profession, which involved great pres- sure of legal work, he took the keenest Rev. R. H. Grover, M. D., F. R. G. S. interest in Christian work, and for nearly 40 years was a pillar of strength O~p~~~le~r~a;w~i~~i°:tefi~~e~e~~;ma~3e O{aSl~ to the C. M. S. Church at Poona. He was a member of the All-India Council opportunities for further missionary effort~ of the National Missionary Society rep- What and how much of it can you conscientiously resenting the Bombay Presidency. His say that you know? zeal for the preaching of the Gospel was great and he found in the Bible the In every church, in every missionary society, whole inspiration of his devoted life and in the life and experience of every church worker worship. Last year he was chosen as -there comes a time when only specific facts wi]] the president of the Bombay Representserve. For these reasons this 20-Lesson Course ative Council of missions. One of the becomes living monuments of his self-sacrificing achievements is the development of an a Real Help and Inspiration to educational institution at Hadapsar, five Every Student 01 Missions miles from Poona, for the education of the agricultural classes. The Govern- Eager to know this Special Field ment recognized his merits and nomi- nated him a member of the Bombay If you are not alreadY enroJled 8S a Correspondence Legislative Council. In 1928 he was Student. why not start with this course of Home awarded the Kaiser-i-hind medal. Study with the view of becoming the missionary authority in your ch urch or foreign mission circle? By ** the MOOdy Bible lnstitute method YOU may acquire the necessary knowledge in the quiet privacy of your RAJA SIR HARNAM SINGH, K.C.I.E., own home through a c:ourse of inspiring. stimulating the veteran Indian Christian leader and home study lessons prepared by a leading authority. first president of the National Mission- ary Society of India, died last year. Especially suitable'for classes. Greatly reduced fees Born in a princely family his conversion for classes of ten or more. was romantic and entailed a stupen- dous sacrifice of power and prestige. Sign and mail the coupon below and let us send full Deeply interested in the welfare of the information concerning this training for Christian Indian Christian community, his maniworkers. fold activities reveal the greatness of the departed soul. He gave over half MOODY BIBLE INSTITUTE a lakh of rupees for the benefit of Indian Christian scholars. The King recognized CORRESPONDENCE SCHOOL the services of the Raja to the Empire by making him a K.C.I.E. He was a Dep. 4684-··153 In.tit.t. PllCe CHICAGO member of the Chamber of Princes, and was a Moderator of the General As- – – – I~h;~:i~~e~n:;i;::—– sembly of the United Church of India, North. I Dept. 4684. 153 Institute Place. Chicago. W. I Send me further particulars regarding your World ** I W[de Missions Course of Home Study. REV. WILLIAM EDWARD GOWARD, a I Name…. ……………………………………… missionary of the London Missionary Society, for over thirty years in Samoa L _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ I I Address………………………. ,…………… ,…………………………..~ , and the Gilbert Islands, died in Worth- ing, England, on February 16th. Mr. OBITUARY Goward was born at Market Har- borough in 1860, and went out to Samoa DR. EUGENE S. BOOTH, who went to in 1888. From 1899 until their retire- Japan in 1879, as a missionary of the ment in 1910 Mr. and Mrs. Goward Reformed Church in America, died in worked under the trying climatic and New York on February 9th. He was isolated conditions of the Gilbert Islands. born on August 16, 1850, in Trumbull, Their Central Trading Station at Rongo- Connecticut, and was graduated from Rongo was a model of order and organ- Rutgers College in 1876. For thirty ization, a settlement of 320 people with years he was President of Ferris Sem- neat houses, spacious church and school inary, Yokohama, retiring in 1922. buildings for the separate grades of students, printing and other workshops; ** boathouses, stores, and two airy houses for Europeans, exactly suited to the THE REV. S. B. ROBOLD, well-known breathless climate. principal of tbe Mount Carmel Bible School, Haifa, Palestine, died in February. He was a converted Hebrew and formed a wonderful link between Judaism and Christianity. For some years he supplied the notes on mission work among Jews for the REVlEW. Last January the Editor of the REVIEW and Mrs. Pierson visited Mr. and Mrs. Robold in Haifa and saw evidences of their remarkable work.

Plt~fise m('lltion 'rJ1E MISSIONARY REVlEW Oil' THE WORl.D in writing- to ailvertisel's. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD P)I;I.ALN I,. PIP:;RSON, Edltur CONTENTS-April, 1931 Cblaese Twice-Bora By Charles E. Scott Page Studies of spiritual tragedies and triumphs in the FHO.'TISPIECE ….•…•….•.••.••• 244 lives of Chinese Christians, by the author of WONDERS AlIIOl>G CASTE PEOPLE .. · . . • . . . . • . • . • • • CHARI,ES -V. POSNETT 245 "China from Within." $1.50 A HEVIVAL IN HYDERABAD •.•••••• Gods 01 Wealth aad War • ••••••••••••••• CHARLES R. MANLEY 249 By James Livingstone Stewart TRENDS IN TIlE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD •..•.•… SAMUEL M. ZWEMEB 251 A tale of Modern China by the author of "The lIAS CHRISTIANITY CHANGED? …•. Laughing Buddha." Grim, gripping, romantic, • •••••.••.••.•.•.•• "'". Y. l!""ULLERTON 251 yet over ninety per cent history. $2,00 PRAYER AND COOPERATION IN CHINA ……………. C. Y. CHENG 259 A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO Korea: Tbe Old aad the New • •…•.. }l'REI)ERICK LESLIE BaOWNJ..EE 263 'fnE TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STU- DENTS ………..•.•……..••••• 266 YOUNG PEOPLE AND THE CHURCH •• By Ellasue Wagner ……………• : …• RALPH McAFEE 267 HOW GIVE THE GOSPEl, TO MOSLEMS A picture of present-day Korea in a day of radi- •….•••••.. 111. A. QAYYUM DASKAWIE 270 cal change and transition, including a study of A GLDIPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN Il>DIA . . . • . . . . • . • • . JAMES 111. BAKER 273 the heritage of the past, and the problem of ~'HE CRISIS IN PALESTINE •.••••••.• Korea's future. Illustrated, $1.50 …………………. S. B. ROHOLP 276 Alrican Stories IlELIGIOUS INTERESTS IN JAPAN .. By Albert D. Helser, M.A .. • •••••••••••••••••• GORDON CHAPMAN 279 Introduction by Franz Boas, Columbia University TOPICS OF THE TIMES ••••••.••.••• 281 Upwards of eighty stories dealing with every "'HY NOT MORE PROGRESS? conceivable phase of native life and culture ']~HE BATTLE AGAINST CHRIST among the Buras of Northeastern Nigeria.

THE VORLD AND THE REVIEW Illustrated. $1.75 METHODS FOR WORKERS .•..••.••• Where Day Dawns · . . . . . . EDITED HY MRS. ~'. I. JOHNSON 285 A Japanese Reader WOMAN'S HO~fE AND FOIlEIGN BUL- LETIN …•…•..••.••.•..•.•••••• 292 By Maude Whitmore Madden WO)(LD·WIDE OUTLOOK .•….••.•.. 298 nOOKS WORTH READING……….. 311 TER.MS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of Author of "Young Hearts in Old Japan" five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, Stories, legends, poem. old and new, scraps of 25 cents. Published montbly. ~opyrlgbted. verse. proverbs. translations and ancient folk lore concerning the Sunri.e Kingdom. 1931, by lIrSSIONARY REVIEW PUBL.ISHING COM- PANY, I~c. All rights reserved. 'f> Illustrated, $1.50 The Pool "1 Sacrilice THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. PUBLISHING A story of Central America CO;);IPANY, INc. By Josephine Hope Westervelt UOHERT E. SPEER, President 'V'lLLIAlI I. CHAM8ERLAIN, Vice-PreBident The young adventurers of Mr.. Westervelt's DELAVAN L. PIERSON, SecretMY story make their way through almost impene- VALTER McDOUGALL, TrefUlurer trable jungles and along swampy trails to meet Puhlication OID.ce, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa.. 25c a copy. $2.50 a year. up with thrilling experiences. $1.50 Editorial and Business Olllce, 156 Fiftb Avenue, FLEMING H. REVELL COMPANY New York City New York: 158 Fifth Avenue Entered as second·claBs matter at tbe Post 01Hee, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of l!rfarch Chicago: 851 Cass Street 3, 1879.

Please mention THII MISSIONAaY RmVIIIW Oil' ~BII WORLD In wrltlnli: to advertisers.

CASTE GlRLS ARE CARRIED 'I'O SCHOOL IN NOR'l'H

They are taken into the Dlission school compound in this closely covered, improvised sedan chair, that no mun may sce their faces by NORTH INDIA MISSION SCHOOL GIRLS WITH THEIR WRITING TABLE'l'S

LIV, No.4 April,1931

THE MISSIONARY %eWO..-~ WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE BY REV. CHARLES W. POSNETT, Medak, Nizam's Dominions, India Mi88ionary of the lVe81eyan Methodfst Mi88iQnaru Society} 1899- PERSECUTION is very bitter it, but the villagers united together here, but on the whole it is less and dug another well, and u'ntil determined. Our people have that was ready they fetched water been dragged' to the courts time from a lake where all the cattle after time and have lost time and drink and wallow, where clothes money and much of their harvest are washed and the holy Brahmins by the bitter persecution of the vil- always bathe, wash their teeth and lage chiefs. Still, their patience then drink. Everywhere I am try- and courage is winning. One chief ing to persuade them to dig wells stopped the road by cutting down so that they may have a pure water trees across the public way thus supply and escape the scourge of hoping to stop my coming to his plague .and cholera and smallpox village. They hate the idea of the which are constantly breaking out people becoming Christians because in the villages of Hyderabad. These they know that it means that the stagnant lakes which are found day of injustice and forced labor near every village are a constant and cruelty will have to pass away. danger as long as the people use In another village, where people this foul water for drinking.

are determined to be baptised and One of our best men, John, has where they beg for a teacher, the taken charge of a new village called village chief had one of the elders Lakmashantha. He and his wife put in prison on some paltry and children are living in one little charge. The charge was dismissed, tiny grass hut, 9 feet wide by 12 but he was kept in prison waiting feet long, as big as an English scul- for trial eleven days on account of lery, in terrible heat. We have holidays. In such ways these ene- neither a house or a well for them, mies try to do everything to dis- and every day he fetches water courage young beginners but they half a mile from the village lake.

have not succeeded. In this very 1. am amazed at the bravery and village our evangelist has been patience of John and his wife. The given part of the house of one of walls are full of holes where snakes the caste people in spite of all the and scorpions abound. This little threats of the village chief. shed gets full of mosquitoes and In another village the chief hat! other insects and it is hard for the polluted the caste well so that our children to sleep in this hot weath- would-be Christians could not use er. No wonder they have been iII.

245

Surely the patience and the brav- and inspired them to keep themery of such men and women puts selves and their homes clean. She us all to shame. was determined to teach them the stories of Jesus. She proposed that In Khanapur the hatred and op- they should act the story of the five position of the village chief was Virgins but their husbands said, very bitter. At last we were given "You are not dancing girls to do a small grass thatched shed belong- this sort of thing." Ruth was not ing to one of the caste enquirers. to be beaten and said, "I will do it Benjamin had only been there a with you and we will act it tofew days, and when he went out gether, and then your husbands early in the morning to bathe and will say nothing if I am doing it returned he found all his boxes, also." Last week we saw these clothes and everything put out on women telling the story of the Virthe road and the whole of his little gins. They had ten improvised hut had been pulled down to the torches and they had brought their ground. This village is so far away own little brass vessels, five of them that the hands of the Government had oil and five of them none. The are not strong. Many would have whole village gathered to see them given up in despair but this man tell the story and it was a perfect is holding 'on and making friends. joy. They were so clean and so changed in appearance. They evi- I was greatly cheered with some dently love and adore Ruth. The of the village women. Wherever story was simple and they had we have a good evangelist's wife made everything with their own hands. The whole village followed there the women are clean and the story with breathless interest. eager for service and gather every I was delighted because I feel that night at the evangelist's house. One we must get hold of the women of of our best teachers, called Rat- these caste villages, otherwise they nam, had been teaching her women will never cease from secret longto make their children's clothes. ing after idolatry. We must get They prepared the thread and then them out of their zenana homes and they engage the village tailor to get them accustomed to taking part make the little garments. Ratnam in services. Ruth's example has beis one of the best of our teachers, come an inspiration to all the Bible she gets all the women together women in the District. while they are making thread from the cotton flowers with their The other day one of our pastor's little hand machines and she teach- wives was taken ill, and though she es them stories. The elders were was well known as an outcaste eager and the women learned a lot woman by birth, the caste women about the life of Christ. We have of the village came and cooked for an old Brahmin in this village, her and cleaned up her house. What who is also an eager Christian, and a miracle this is! It is the more is not ashamed to have the out- wonderful because 30 years she castes come to a prayer meeting in was a devil priestess, standing his house. naked on the streets of that very village, her hair had never been Another of our best women, washed or cut or combed. She had called Ruth, is doing wonders in such a beautiful face that my sister Sonipet. She found the women most indifferent and dirty, but by kindness she won them to her home

llJ31] WONDERS AMONG CASTE PEOPLE

could not bear to think of her be- until I promised to send them an coming a public prostitute and evangelist. They told me they had devil priestess, and we rescued her. been ten times to Nirmal to plead Now she is the minister's wife in with our Indian minister but he that village and the caste people had neither the man nor the money love her enough to come and cook to send one.

for her. Testimonies of Caste Hindus At our Summer School for Caste Hindus in Medak, we planned to One of the remarkable features receive 250, but every day mes- of our meetings has been the testi- sages came that more were begging monies of these Caste Hindus.

to come. On Thursday they were (1) Narsimha Rao John is the coming all through the night, and village chief of Adivi KowtIa. It is at the opening service on Friday seven years ago since I baptised a morning there were 640 Caste Hin- few families of caste and outcastes dus-men and women from all over in that village. At the baptism Hyderabad. Many were already service in the river, this old chief baptised, but about 250 were still came to watch. While I was exhesitating on the brink of decision. amining them he listened carefully, They had learned a good deal about Christ and many had been giving and when they vowed their lives regularly to the Church, but the to Christ I asked him what he final public confession stood in the thought. He hesitated and then way. They came to hear more Df said, "They are doing right, your Jesus, and during that first service Jesus is the true God." I never they behaved as if they had been thought this man would himself accustomed to reverent public wor- soon come to the feet of our Lord. ship for years. It is almost unbe- Three years· ago he came to the lievable that all these caste people, Summer School, and begged for baptism. In our Church he stood who twenty years ago would not up before them all and said, "I have even come into our compound be- searched all the Hindu holy books, cause it was the home of "out- but there is no story in the world castes" and who would not drink like the story of Yesu Swami and the water from our wells because I am going to give my life to Him." outcastes were drawing water. Now they stayed with us, drank For three years he has been one our water and ate the food that of our most enthusiastic voluntary was prepared for them. It is a evangelists. Wherever he has gone miracle when you think of the posi- he has witnessed for His Master. This year he came again, and tion only five years ago. standing up before the whole Another remarkable feature of crowd he said, "No pressure from this Summer School is that no less the missionaries or from the Indian than 70 women turned up having padries would ever have made me walked 30, 40 and even 60 miles to be baptised, but I 'tasted' Jesus to the station, and many of them in my heart and the sweetness of having paid their own fare on the His 'taste' filled my whole life. Now railway. One band of men came wherever I am I feel the 'taste' of 135 miles begging for a teacher. Jesus and I must tell everyone They had heard of the Summer about Him."

School and they would not leave (2) Samuel Veeriah is a young

man who comes from Siddipett, ing that they could cure his daughwhich is the hardest and most un- ter, and every time she was taken fruitful ground in the District. He ill they tried to come into his house had read the life of Sadhu Sunder to cure her, but he would not al- Singh and the Gospels, and though low them to cross his door step. He he was the son of a village chief called the village evangelist and he could not resist the call of they prayed with the girl. At last Christ, and for months he has been she is better, and he brought her telling his family that he must be- and her mother with him to the come a Christian. He has been Summer School. On Sunday mornturned out of his home and has lost ing they knelt together and were everything, but he stood up and baptised into the name of Jesus. said, "Though they have turned me For a year past, though he was not from my home and though I have baptised he has been giving this lost all my relatives I could not brave witness and we felt no hesibear to lose Jesus." His sincerity tation in giving him baptism. has been so well proved that I could not resist his appeal for bap- Gumeralla, the Tiger's Village tism, and on Sunday morning he brought with him ten young men The fight with the Tiger is over whom he has been leading for and I have received the final judgmonths, and all of them openly con- ment of the Prime Minister. In fessed Jesus and were baptised. this the Tiger is told that his posi- What this will mean to Siddipett no tion of village chief is taken away one can tell. It is the most hopeful and that never again will he be althing that has happened there in lowed to exercise any authority in the 35 years that I have been in this village. We had hoped that India. I cannot help believing that some of the land that he has stolen this is going to be the beginning would be returned to our people, of a great movement towards but it would have been such a long- Christ among the caste Hindus of and costly process to secure this judgment that we gave it up. He Siddipett. has fought us in every court and has spent at least £2,000 in the (3) Rajanna Abraham, of EI- fight. It has been a terrible strain lukatoor, was baptised a year ago and anxiety for nearly three years, and has had to pay a terrible price but at last it is settled and we for his confession. He has been thank God. The Government has dragged to the court and persecut- appointed a Christian villager to be chief in his place and this man and ed, his land has been stolen and his Christian wife came to our everything has been done to make Summer School and stood up and testified saying, "From the day him turn back from the narrow that I gave my heart to Jesus I path. He stood up and said, "They have been full of happiness and can take my land, my home and all now though I do not want this posithat I have, they can tear my flesh tion I am glad to serve my Master from my bones, but they shall in Gumeralla and I want to be a never tear me away from Jesus." servant of my Lord."

(4) Peter, of Kondapuram, gave The Sunday morning service was a beautiful testimony. His daugh- one that everyone will remember. ter had been suffering from fits. The village sorcerers and magicians constantly worried him say-

A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD

There were a thousand people pres- little Indian drums and violin. ent, and of the newcomers 140 Everyone held the sugar and coheads of families had given in coanut in his hand until all were their names for baptism. They ready, and the elders had come were all men whom we could trust, back and stood before the communmen who had been long prepared ion rail putting down their trays but had hesitated over the final con- and each one taking a little sugar fession. During these days of wait- and cocoanut for himself. Then ing upon God they had heard His the whole congregation repeating voice and they confessed one after after me said, "Lord Jesus, I take another that they had seen Jesus this food in memory of Thy love to and wanted to give their lives to me." And all quietly ate the sugar Him. After the baptisms a hundred and cocoanut while our singers people came up to the communion sang again. In a few moments one rail bringing their offerings, the to- of our Indian ministers started the tal value of which was about £10. hymn of triumph "Victory, victory, victory to Jesus, Hallelujah," and At the conclusion of the service at the end of each verse he cried we started the Great Indian Love "Yesu Swami, glory be to Thee," Feast. The elders from each section and.the whole congregation lifting brought up trays of sugar and their hands shouted, "Glory to God broken cocoanut which they had in the highest." It was a wonderalready prepared and cut into small ful triumph, and no one who ever pieces. These were publicly blessed, saw and heard will forget it. God and then they went round to dis- has been wonderfully near us and tribute to the thousand people in indeed those last words are what the congregation. While it was we are all feeling, "Glory to God in going on we had some beautiful the highest." Indian music-a singer and the A REVIVAL IN HYDERABAD FOR some time Dr. and Mrs. they themselves had found in Manley, of the American Bap- Jesus. tist Mission, have been praying for a revival in Hanamakonda, "From Saturday to Wednesday Hyderabad. C. H. Bhanamurti, of the subject was sin, its consethe Cocanada Theological Semina- quences, repentance, and confesry and Mr. Prakasham, pastor of sion. Burdened hearts were laid the J agannaikapuram Church, held bare before the Lord day by day. a series of meetings for a week, Joy and peace Christ brought to with the workers and the church their hearts. Thursday was largely members. Pastor Mathews of Bim- given up to experience and confeslipatam Church and Rev. E.L. sion. The Spirit of God moved us Quirk also held a series of meet- to make confessions. On Friday ings lasting ten days. and Saturday consecration meet- ings were held, leading us to sur- Emphasis was laid on the fact render completely to the Lord. that the missionaries had come to Friday morning's meeting ended share with the Christians of what with the phenomenon common to

many revival meetings in India, in sin that they had lost the con- when all were praying at once, sciousness of it. In many cases pouring out their sins before God. the confessions were startling, yet On Saturday, only one meeting they were followed by making was held. All were expectant. amends and restitution.

Large numbers had been cleansed "From two standpoints, we have and awaited the infilling of the not seen the like of this revival be- Holy Spirit. There was a dead fore. In the first place, the grip silence, a pause, a waiting. The of sin was so tremendous, and the people were still unsatisfied. It confessions in consequence were must have been a time of further startling. From the grip of sin, heart searching. In the middle of they emerged into the light and the night, Dr. Manley was awak- freedom of Jesus. Secondly, the ened by some one on the compound, settling of quarrels and misunder- praying in agony. standings was on an enormous "The Sunday morning meeting scale, and the consequent love and we shall never forget. After short fellowship which followed was a addresses, the meeting was thrown great joy. We thank the Lord for open. At eight o'clock the meeting this great experience, and for the started. For hours one person fol- newfound friends and blood-rel- lowed another in quick succession; atives in Christ in that place, and arising, going to those whom they the love that they poured out."

had wronged, they begged forgive- ERIC L. QUIRK. ness, many with tears streaming The work of revival has just bedown their faces. At one o'clock, we saw that we would yet have gun and we believe that as each hours to wait, and so we asked worker goes into his own village those who still wished to ask par- again he will take the fire of the don of their brethren to arise and Holy Spirit with him and that that do so without waiting one for the fire will burn down barriers and other. For ten minutes there was obstacles that have held back the confusion, and then – "Victory, work of Christ in this field for Victory, Hallelujah t" poured forth many years and that we will have from two hundred throats. The a great general revival throughout Holy Spirit had come to reign. the whole field.

"Sunday afternoon, twenty-three In order to get folks to work at were baptized in Hanamakonda, once, and thus keep what they and the Lord's Supper was cele- have gained, we have gathered brated. them together in groups and have "In the past many Indian Chris- formed Sunday-schools in three tians have failed to appreciate and near-by places. We have plans for to understand missionary motives, four more Sunday-schools as fast yet fundamentally the difficulty as it is practical to establish them.

Was their own sin. Once that was We missionaries feel that no one cleansed the way was paved for received a greater blessing through the clearing up of misunderstand- these revival services than we did.

ings which had accumulated for a God make us worthy stewards for long time. There was an extraor- the great work He has entrusted dinary condition prevailing. In to us here.

many cases the people were so deep CHARLES R. MANLEY.

IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Princeton, N. J.

E di tor of til e Mod em l1'oda .WHAT ails India, China, Per- This is typical of the situation in sia, Egypt, Turkey, and the non-Christian world. The times Arabia? Economic, social, are out of joint, as is evident from political and intellectual move- the newspapers. There is great ments are stirring the peoples of spiritual unrest, as is revealed these lands and there probably never was a time when currents of thought ran so swiftly and in such opposite di- rections. A whirlpool of conflicting ideas and ideals, a strange medley of tendencies tow a r d syncretism, ' agnosticism or hero-worship.

There is a story about an obscure character, Micha, in the book of Judges, which affords an illustration, if not a parallel, to the present situation in Asia and North Africa. That an- cient day, too, was a time of transition; political, social and moral 1ife were deeply disturbed.

The story occurs in one of the most barbaric chapters of the book and tells of murder, arson, kidnapping, a n arc h y, idolatry. "In those days there was no king in Israel." Micah explains his desperate plight. He has lost his gods; he has T IIlD NE W INDIAN NATIONAL 'l'lUNITY lost his priest; he has (For e:JJpl""ation Bee pago ~55) lost his faith; "Ye have taken away my gods which I made from the missionary reports. One and the priest and are going away, hesitates to attempt any< interpre- and what have I more? And how tation. But a master-missionary, then say ye unto me, What aileth Dr. Edwards, the editor of Dnya- thee?" nodaya, the leading Marathi Chris- 251

tian weekly of West India, says: system of the Devadasis against (October 23, 1930) "There are which Indian reformers are so three strands one can pick up out ceaselessly making their construc- of the tangled skein: The current tive protest. Hinduism may be in idealization of Hinduism; the external revival by its building of growing revolt against the idea of new temples for the untouchables, God; and the exalting of politics but inwardly it is marked either by and patriotism into a religion." decay or borrowing from other These three currents or trends faiths.

are found not only in India but in "The other characteristic mark- China, and in the Near East. The ing what we have called the ideal.

idealization of the old religions by izing going on in present-day Hin- efforts at reform or rehabilitation; duism is the marvellous power of the exaltation of nationalism into assimilation Hinduism displays in a new religion, in which patriotism relation to truth, by its being able becomes hero-worship; the repu- to absorb Christian principles up diation of all religion as mere folly to a certain point and shedding the and superstition-all three of these remainder like a snake shedding trends are due directly or indirect- its skin. Indeed, so great is the ly to the impact of the West (its power of Hinduism to absorb from missions and its secularism) on the other faiths and yet to remain Hin- East. The disintegration of the old duism at the core that we need to religious life manifests itself in be on our guard against this par- these three ways everywhere. The ticular Hindu tendency which is all tragedy of the situation is that all the more dangerous, because so of them seem to lead away from flattering to those systems from Christ-the Christ of the Indian which it borrows."

road and of every road. The peril of syncretism, especial- 1. The Idealization of the Old ly in South India, is real. In North Religions. "When we speak of the India, Islam and converts from idealization of Hinduism," says Dr. Islam act as a strong bulwark for Edwards, "we are largely thinking theism, but in South India the of the educated section of India. leaven of Pantheism can with dif- This idealization is marked by a ficulty be kept out even from Chris- double characteristic; the first is tian thought and life. This present- what the late Dr. Farquhar meant day idealization of Hinduism is when he spoke of an outward re- evident in rose-colored views of vival of modern Hinduism accom- caste, and the repudiation of its panied by a deepening internal de- evil influence, in a growing defense cay. None who studies modern of idolatry, as mere symbolism, and Hinduism can have any doubt, in putting Krishna on a parallel either about the external revival as with Christ as one of the world's seen in the observing of all festi- Saviours. Some Hindu writers vals with a punctiliousness which compare the Bhagavadgita with the only Hindus can show, or about the New Testament and profess to find internal decay which is spreading better and higher teaching in the like a canker to every part of the former book. In Islam there are Hindu system: to mention only nne evidences of the game general tend- feature, for example, the foul ency to idealize. It began with abomination represented by the Seyyid Amir Ali's life of Moham-

TRENDS IN THE NON-CHRISTIAN WORLD

med and received impetus from the into new tongues. These transla- Western apologists for Islam or Lions are not free from idealizatioll perverts to Islam, Sheldrake, Lord for they de-code the original into Headley, Pickthall, and the latest terms suitable for the present state convert Philby. The unscrupulous of society and eliminate the blots efforts of the Ahmadiya Movement that stain the life and character of in Qadian, Lahore and London have the founder of Islam. Compare the broadcasted and emphasized all recent translations by Mohammed that could be gleaned from these Ali, Sarwar and Pickthall. They writers. Islam, they say, never go so far as to praise Mohammed used the sword, save in self-de- as the champion of women's rights, fense. They claim that it is the re- to assert that he was a monogamist ligion of peace and good-will, of and that toleration was the chief tolerance and brotherhood; that characteristic of early Islam! One Mohammed's character and life could give similar instances of at- were ideal in every respect. In a tempts to idealize Shintoism and recent review of Lippman's Pref- Buddhism, from Japan and China.

ace to Morals, an aducated Moslem Everywhere the non-Christian says: "Jesus, the center of West- world is super-sensitive to any ern religion'is revealed in the avail- criticism of heathen idolatry or able records of his life, as only a ethics.

partial embodiment of human II. The Repudiation of All Re- ideals. A good character, no doubt, ligion. This is shown in the drift but one which fails to exhibit the toward atheism, secularism and perfection of which the multifari- humanism. The Jerusalem Council ous capacities of man are capable. Meeting recognized the serious and It is certain that philosophy cannot widespread character of this drift save morality. If it could, our in its deliberations and findings.

civilization would have solved its Our godless civilization and the moral problems long ago. Only re- neo-Paganism of the West is win- ligion can. And religion itself ning disciples in the East. The would fail to do so except in so atheistic or materialistic philos- far as it can offer a human ex- ophies of Europe and America have emplar who embraces in his per- captivated many of the educated fection one and all the different classes. Russian Communism has sides of human nature; who tow- extended to all lands. The fool no ers above all others yet strikes longer says only in his heart, there everybody as his kith and kin- is no God,-he shouts it on the only such a religion can save mo- radio.

rality. Nowhere but in the person Take India as an example: of the Holy Founder of Islam do "Early in 1928 Dr. Paranjpye, of we have a historic and human ex- Poona, a distinguished member of ample of this ideal character." the India Council in London, speak- ANew Portrait of Mohammed ing to Indian students in London, advised them to 'relegate religion They then proceed to paint a new to the scrap heap.' The new po- portrait of Mohammed with colors litical Constitution for India draft- taken from a Christian paint-box. ed by Pandit Motilal Nehru, and The Koran is called "Holy" and so- accepted by a Convention of all the cieties are formed to translate it political parties in January, 1929,

aims at a secular state, and puts the proofs of the existence of one religion outside the concern of the God, but this was done in order to State. 'Pandit Jawaharial Nehru dhlcover if I knew the proofs given openly stated that India's greatest in the Moslem textbooks or to let "enemy was religion," and that the student proclaim them to me.

their aim must be "to free India Now one meets young men who ask from religion." '* proof of the existence of God be- "In the autumn of 1928 a weekly cause they personally have no con- paper was started in South India, viction of it themselves."

bearing the title Revolt, one of its III. The Exaltation of Nationalacknowledged tenets being rank ism and Patriotism into aNew Reatheism. During the summer of ligion. This third tendency is very 1928 a discussion took place in the old. When paganism was disinte- Bombay University Senate con- grating in Rome, Emperor-worship cerning a resolution on 'the advis- began. In Japan we have a close ability of inculcating a theistic at- parallel in the latest development titude' in university education. of Shintoism. "Nature-worship The resolution was passed by twen- married to the worship of the Imty-three votes to seventeen, but a perial House." The Japanese are great storm burst the Indian press. taught at school that their reign- One leading Indian educationist de- ing Emperor is the direct descendscribed the resolution as 'sheer ant of the sun-goddess. Patriotism perverseness' and an 'exhibition of has become religion. In India imbecility.' Another wrote: 'The "Gandhi-worship," is almost a naexiled God is to be smuggled back tional cult. In Turkey, Mustapha to His throne, and our young men Kemal has received his apotheosis and women are to be inoculated as the creator of a new nation, and with strong doses of the "divine," , Zaglool Pasha in Egypt is the idol though 'it has been the proud priv- of those who worship only at the ilege of man to fight against that shrine of nationalism. There is baneful thing called God'; and, good in nationalism, no doubt, but roost significantly of all, he added: there is also the possibility of evil. 'We Indians have had too much of Nationalism and hero-worship canreligion, too much of God, and too not satisfy the human heart as a much of futile philosophy; that ac- substitute for religion. The latest counts for our position today as a illustration of this tendency is Inbankrupt nation.' " dia. Islam also is suffering from this An American missionary writes: leaven of the Sadducees. The stu- (Dnyanodaya, Nov. 6, 1930). "In dents at the universities of Bei- a copy of the Bombay Chronicle rut, Cairo, and Constantinople af- there appeared on the front page ford an illustration. The sons of some weeks ago a full-page illusfathers who were fanatic Moslems tration of the Hindu idol, Ganesch, are now asking; is there a God? or Ganpati. The image was of an Have we need of prayer? Is life elephant-headed man with four beyond the grave more than a pious hands, and always represented as dream? A missionary from Tuni- riding on a mouse, which was sia says: "I used to be asked for mythologically correct. In this case * Dr. J. F. Edwards-",]~he Foreign Ficld"- the idol was shown seated On a Non (the British Lion, of course, MaYt Hl30.

which scowled awfully), while a stripes, white, green and red, with Gandhi cap surmounted the head a handloom across the center), and of the elephant." He goes on to with the other hand holding the say: "But the most surprising evi- tuft of cotton from which the dence of the present attempt to thread passes in front of the group enlist the Hindu religion for the to the elder Nehru. Here is an Rake of political ends has been a amazing attempt to ring to the supnew 'Trinity,'* that has been cre- port of the political struggle for ated by some Hindu leaders. 'A few independence even so sacred a matdays after my return to India there ter as the Christian conception of was handed to me the picture of a the Trinity." three-headed man, with only one body. When I looked at the face The Situation in China that confronted me, I instantly recognized Gandhiji's portrait, The situation in China is dewhile to the left is the face of the scribed by T. C. Chao in The Chielder Nehru (Motilal) and to the nese RecoTdeT (Nov., 1930) ; "Reliright that of the younger Nehru gion in China may be considered at (Jawaharlal) . Underneath I read its lowest ebb today. Of the three in amazement, 'National Trinity.' traditional religions none is virile Under that I found the words, today. Taoism has suffered the 'Father, SOill and Holy Spirit,' most crushing defeat." Buddhism while the third line read 'Motilal is still active, yet we can almost say Nehru, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawa- that China is today a nation withharlal Nehru.' At the bottom is out a religion. The Nationalist the date, July, 1930. All this was Party has adopted as its slogan "to in the leading vernacular of West- govern the nation by the party," ern India, Marathi. Looking once therefore the party has the power more at the picture you note the to do anything it pleases. But no sacred cow standing behind this matter how this works out, it seems 'Trinity,' and on it written 'Moth- to some people that a nation should er India.' Four dogs guard this have some religion. At least it group, each with a label on the col- should have a faith which could lar: Boycott, Liquor, Forest, Salt. take the place of religion. Perhaps it is due to this fact, namely the The last three referred of course necessity of creating a new nationto the exhortation to break the gov- al soul, that all organizations and ernment laws relating to these. The institutions are required to observe elder Nehru (Father) holds a sa- the civic "eremony prescribed by cred conch shell, used in Hindu the party at all their formal meettemple-worship, in one hand and a ings, to bow three times before the distaff in the other. In the center picture of Dr. Sun Yat Sen and the is Gandhiji (Holy Spirit!!) who, national and party standards, read with spectacles on, and the sacred the last testament of Dr. Sun and marks of Hinduism on the fore- remain standing in silence for head, stands on wooden sandals, his three minutes. The Nationalist hands folded in adoration. On the Party claims that the authority of right is the younger Nehru (Son), the party is above everything else with one hand supporting the na- in the nation. Therefore, the party tionalist flag (three horizontal is above the nation and the party is above religion and above God! * ~p-e illustration page 251.

Aut Czsar aut Nullus. That is of the Third International, nor by the re:mlt. "We have no king but the road of violent Nationalism will Clesar!" Was foIlawed by the cry: Asia come to true life and liberty "Crucify Him, crucify Him." Not and power ;-but through Christ through any revival of old idola- and the little wicket-gate of repenttries and religions, not by the way ance that leads to Calvary.

ONE LIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA Elizabeth Hepburn, for Sixty Years a Missionary of the L. M. S.

SITTING in a Bulawayo garden, enjoying the warmth of the sun, I have time to think. I see the constant traffic in the streets, motor cars, steam rollers and troIleys, cycles, motor cycles, and hundreds of Matebele youths hurrying to and from their work.

Memory carries me back to the time (not very long ago) when the older brothers and fathers of these youths might have been sitting round Lobengula's courtyard-eat- ing, and drinking beer. They were eagerly waiting to know the Chief's orders, to watch where his spear would be thrown, in what direc- tion-when they would clutch their spears and assagais and with hell- ish shouts start off on the devil's work-making for a little kraal or village-killing the men, and the old people, gathering the young women and children and returning MRS. J. D. HEPBURN to Lobengula for his approval.

I remembered how in Shoshong, the constant progress of the glor- King Khama's country, the dread ious Gospel of Christ through of a vistation from the Matebele Africa and the part our Society has soldiers caused us and our Bam- had in it all, cause tears of grati- angwato people sleepless nights. tude to flow, and I thank Him for During my life in Africa I have the part which He had permitted seen miracles. When we arrived my husband and myself to share in Bechuanaland there was on the in it.

map one mission–our Society's We had the pleasure of helping station at Inyati. On the map to- the Coillards to reach the Zambezi day North and South Rhodesia are -Barotseland-Fred A r not to almost covered with mission sta- reach the Mashukulumbi – and tions. As I go back in thought to ourselves the Lake Ngami people.

1870, the wonderful change and -The Chronicle of the L. M. S.

CHRISTIANITY CHANGED'?

BY THE REV. W. Y. FULLERTON, D.D.

"H Secr('tnrll of the BaptfRt Mi,..ionar1! SOcietv, London AS the mission, the mes- evangelize it, and to find God's sage, the aim, and the pow- scattered "sheep" in its midst. If er of Christianity changed we apprehend that, it will save us in the past nineteen centuries?" from the idea that we must "not go In trying to answer these ques- to the heathen abroad because there tions we must first seek to establish are heathen at home." We may in- what these were in the beginning. deed, and must, seek to Christian- Even then we shall need to be care- ize a nation, but we cannot hope to ful for we are outside other ages convert it. While we plant the and are within our own, and it is Church, like a tree, in any country, impossible to compare an exterior the Gospel will of itself also work with an interior. quickly as leaven, changing the But the mission, the message, whole people. But our business is and the aim of the Gospel have to separate a people from among been quite clear all along the ages. the nation that shall be as distinct, Before we compare them let us see that, like the people in Antioch, it what they were at the start. By the will be necessary to find a new term Christianity we mean the re- name for them, and call them ligion of Jesus Christ as set forth "Christian." In China they debated in the New Testament, not all that whether they should seek to estab- goes by the name today. lish a National Church, and they The mission of Christianity was saw it would not do, but they sang to spread the revelation of Himself the doxology when they hit upon that God gave through Jesus the term "nation-wide" to express Christ; to let all men see the mys- their purpose. It is now as at the tery that had been hid from the be- beginning.

ginning that the Gentiles should be The message of Christianity at fellow heirs with Israel and "of the beginning is set forth by the the same body and partakers of his , Apostles to the Gentiles in 1 Corin- promise in Christ by the Gospel." thians XV. He tells us the things Paul fought the battle in Jerusalem on which all the Apostles were and saved Christianity from being agreed, things that were also ac- merely a Jewish sect, and the cording to the Scriptures which Church at Jerusalem discovered they had in their hands. All of and declared that the world-wide them were related to Christ-He appeal of the Gospel was no after- died, was buried, rose from the thought on God's part, for James, dead. Of this there is abundant evi- as its spokesman, said that, "It was dence, and this is how the grace of God's original concern to visit the God reaches sinful men. "That is Gentiles and to take out of them a what we preached," he says, "and people for His name." that is what we believed." So, evi- That is still the mission of Chris- dently, the saving grace of God de- tianity. It is still Eclectic; our pends on our faith, and quite as task is not to win a nation but to evidently it is possible for us to 2 257

get away from that faith to "an- a people for the Name, its aim is other gospel," which is not an- that "those who name the Name other; for to the Corinthians he should depart from all iniquity."

puts their belief in the past tense The holy God desires sainthood.

-"ye believed." The faith of Christ all along the Have we drifted from that faith ages has been both ethical and today? Each man must answer for philanthropic. Christ saves people himself. Dr. MacEwen put the an- from themselves as well as from swer for the church in memorable the world and the devil. And the words at the Edinburgh Mission- more saints there are in a com- ary Conference when he said, "If munity, the higher will be the level in any mind the thought arises that of all life. That the principles of our faith is not the same as the Christ should be applied to the faith of the early centuries, we whole life is no new discovery; that have before us an answer which no the nation should be approximately man can gainsay. Out of the heart Christian is the inevitable result of these centuries there emerged of the fact that a great many of its one statement of beliefs. Noone citizens are Christian in reality.

knows by whom it was drafted, or Always the aim has been, and the when it first appeared. We find it aim still is, to make saints, to bring in Africa, in Gaul, in Italy, on the men to see and to say Danube, and in Asia Minor with He wills that I shaH holy be; slight variations, but identical in Naught can withstand His will; its essence and almost in its form- The purpose of His grace in men, a statement so Scriptural and evan- He surely shall fulfill.

gelical that it is ascribed to the There remains but one other Apostles. In the Conference Re- question. Has the power of Chrisports you will discover an item, tianty changed? As in all the other simple but grand, reported by cases the answer is decidedly no, many missionaries-Episcopalian, Wesleyan, Baptist, Presbyterian- no, no, ten thousand noes! The that the statement of faith which Spirit remaineih among us, so we they find to have most value, and need not fear. The Gospel is still on which they lay most stress, is the power of God to salvation to the Apostles Creed. In the seven- . everyone that believeth. When we teen centuries that have passed are tempted to doubt it, let us re- since it was shaped, the Holy Spirit member Lord Kelvin's great sen- has taught the Church much. He tence, when in attempting to make will teach us more if we listen to an experiment in Glasgow Uni- His Voice, but the foundations of versity, he failed. Drawing himself the Kingdom stand, although the up with dignity before his students, things that were shaken have been he did not apologize, but knowing removed." There is the answer- the power of God he said, "Gentle- the message of Christianity is the men, always remember that when same. you are face to face with a diffi- What then of its aim? If the mis- culty, you are on the verge of a dis- sion of Christianity is to take out covery."

AND COOPERATION IN

A Call to Christians and a Manifesto from the Chinese Church T HE Church of Christ in China strengthened and that hitherto un- is facing a situation which is discovered pathways may be found challenging because of the whereby the separated Christian unusual difficulties as well as the communions can arrive at com- unparalleled opportunities p r e- plete spiritual and organic unity.

sented. As never before must we (f) That Christian youth of the lay hold on all available spiritual West with a positive Christian resources. Fortunately neither faith and with a passion for Chris- time nor space nor language are a tian service may in large number barrier to the spiritual cooperation find it the will of God for them of Christians of the West and the to come to China to cooperate with Church in China covets American the Chinese Church in the task of cooperation in adventurous, im- creating a Christian China.

portunate intercession: (g) That the Five Year Move- (a) That our Christian youth in ment may continue to grow inten- large numbers may recognize the sively and extensively in the might call and give heed to the challenge and strength of the spirit of God, of the ministry as the most profit- to the end that all the resources of able investment of their lives. our Chinese Church may be uti- (b) That our Christians may in lized to achieve the objectives of a larger measure discover and this Movement, namely, the deep- manifest the radiance of our re- ening of the spiritual life of our ligion, and make their Christian Christians and the doubling of our faith contagious. church membership.

(c) That our leadership may be We ask the fellowship of the responsive to divine guidance and Christians and Churches of the be given courage joyously to follow West in this ministry of interces- the will of God as they discern it sion.

concerning the perplexing prob- This Call was adopted by the lems they are facing, such as General Assembly of the Church Christian education in view of of Christ in China, which met in government restriction on worship Canton, last November.

and religious instruction, and other problems of a similar character A Manifesto which naturally follow where a The following manifesto to coop- mighty nation is in the process of erating older Churches of the West radical reconstruction. was also adopted by the General (d) For the Chinese Govern- Assembly of the Church of Christ ment, especially for those Chris- in China: tians who are serving the Govern- "The General Assembly has ment :-that vital religion may be given its proper place in the new given considerable time and earemerging state. nest thought to the question of the relationship between the Church (e) That the will to Christian of Christ in China and the coopu nit y may be fostered and erating missions, and wishes to 259

place on record the following state- Chinese Church consciousness has ment regarding the attitude of the developed to the point of desiring General Assembly to this vitally the responsibility for administerimportant subject. ing its own affairs, and for con- ducting and directing the various "We desire first to express again activities which aim at the evanour deep sense of gratitude to the gelization of the people of China. older Churches of the West for the help, both spiritual and material, The General Assembly rejoices which has been afforded by them that members of the Church, both to the work in China. Chinese and the foreign mission- aries associated with it, are of one "We are conscious that our mind in applying this principle in gratitude can best be shown by our the actual conduct of the affairs definite endeavor to develop as and work of the Church. We speedily as possible the spirit of fully recognize the fact that the stewardship and self-support in churches connected wit h the the Church in China. Weare glad Church of Christ in China are not to report that about twenty-five equally developed, and so it is difper cent of our organized churches are self-supporting. But we realize ficult to secure uniformity in the that this percentage should be in- application of this principle. A creased as rapidly as possible. considerable time must elapse be- fore our high ideal can be realized, "You in the West are informed and much wisdom and patience as to the present political disturb- will be required in the prosecution ances in China, and the resulting of this great task. We must, howeconomic depression. These rep- ever, emphasize the fact that this resent great obstacles to be over- church-centric ideal includes most come, if our desire for the increase definitely the idea of continued coin self-support is to be gained. operation between the Church in You also have heard of the diffi- China and the various missionary culties which the spread of com- organizations from the West. In munistic ideas, the organization of this sense it is not to be interthe anti-Christian movement and preted as an entirely independent the like, have created for our movement of the Church. Church. These are all matters in which we beseech your full sym- The General Assembly further pathy, as we know they have ex- wishes to make clear our position cited your concern. It is because with regard to our relations with of these difficulties and hindrances the missions associated with us. that the General Assembly wishes We definitely stand for cooperato make clear its position with re- tion between the Church and the gard to the relationship of the mISSlOns. The Church of Christ Church of Christ in China and the in China desires the Church and missions which are cooperating the Mission to work together as with it. we face the common problems that are confronting the Christian On the one hand we feel it neces- Movement in China. We wish to sary to reaffirm our conviction that state positively that the services it is a matter of the greatest im- of missionaries from the Older portance for the Church in China Churches of the West are both to adopt a definite church-centric greatly needed and ardently depolicy. By that we mean that the

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA

sired. We wish to go further by larly two qUalifications for missaying that the need for mission- sionaries in the days to come: (1) aries today is even greater than they should possess the spirit of before. In the past, missionary cooperation with their fellow workwork was primarily in behalf of ers in the Church, willing to share the non-Christian people in China. with them the tasks that they have Several hundred million of our peo- before them, and (2) they should ple are still unreached by the Gos- come with warm evangelistic ferpel of Christ. These millions must vor, no matter in what capacity still present as great an appeal they seek to serve Christ in connecas ever to the stronger Older tion with the Church in China, Churches of the West. They pre- whether evangelistic, educational, sent to our Young Church our medical, social or administrative. greatest opportunity and responsi- While they need to have all the bility for service. technical qualifications befitting the high calling of a missionary, The need for missionary help is we regard these two points as of now intensified by the fact that the special importance, without which Young Church, which is still in its their work cannot yield the largest early stages of development, is be- measure of result. ginning to undertake its rightful and proper responsibilities. Being We ask for your prayers and still in its childhood, our Church continued cooperation to the end can be greatly helped by the wis- that with the blessing of the Great dom, experience and religious back- Head of the Church, our efforts to ground of our missionary friends deepen the spiritual life of the from abroad. In considering the Christians and to win the fealty of present development of the work the unevangelized masses of our in China, we feel that all types of people to Christ as their Lord and missionaries are still necessary, Saviour, will be most fruitful. whether they be regular missionaries who come to China for life (Signed) service or special workers who come for a particular phase of the C. Y. CHENG, work in China for a limited time. Moderator.

We wish to emphasize particu- A. R. KEPLER, General Secretary.

THE RIVAL OF CHRISTIANITY IN CHINA* C OMMUNISM is Christian- youth as the friend of democracy ity's competitor in China. and the rallying ground for the en- The reasons for this are the thusiastic devotion of youth which radical, adventurous nature of the it held twenty years ago. The time Communist movement, its readiness to experiment, its clear aim has come for a revaluation of and definite program, and its pro- Christian work and for readiness fessed championship of "the poor to take a bold step forward. and the oppressed." Christianity takes direct issue Christianity appears to have lost the place of leadership among with Communism on three lines, as pointed out recently by a leader ~ 'l'he Ohinese Recorder. of the Chinese Church.

(1) Communism favors the use

of violence-we are followers of is outspoken in opposition to war the Prince of Peace. The time has and militarism, calls for open alcome for the Chinese Church to legiance to Christ and the living take a clearcut stand against war of Christ in all relationship of life, and the militaristic method. There it can win the devoted enthusiasm are indications that show a readi- of young people who will be as ness on the part of some of the ready to preach Christianity as foremost Christian leaders to do their fellows have been to preach this. Communism during recent years.

(2) Communism aims to pro- Communism has been especially duce the mass-mind and the mass- successful in the use of the printed soul, which often lead to the de- page. Christianity must be just struction of the individual. Chris- as aggressive in presenting its tianity insists on the persons as case. There is need for the pro- duction of new literature and the an end. translation of western books, set- (3) Communism produces a ting forth what Christianity is and the kind of men and society it atparty mind by prohibiting freedom tempts to create. But possibly the of speech. Christianity liberates. greatest failure on the part of the Church is the failure to get into The Christian forces should be circulation the material which it in a position to challenge directly does print. One is sometimes the philosophy of Communism on struck with the number of good these points. Would it not be well things printed which do not reach to invite prominent speakers from the general public. Cannot more abroad to meet the Communist attractive editions be put out? propaganda? But what is even How can Christian pUblications be more important is a program for offered for sale in the book stalls the farmers and working classes and public markets of our big that will command the respect of cities-places where the students thinking people. Through mass and young people are buying the education, agricultural experi- books they read? ments, proper recreation, community uplift and regeneration, At the Wofossu Regional Conthe Church must meet the needs of the "poor and oppressed." The ference in 1929, Dr. John R. Mott, in a brief address, said, "The idealism of youth will respond to a Church must learn to trust youth. call for help in such constructive Youth without responsibility is dangerous. If given heavy reendeavor. sponsibility you do not need to There is evidence of a growth fear young people."

out of a narrow nationalism into a Have we jobs that will consume larger brotherhood. A Christian the zeal of young people and are youth mo,vement will rally to the we ready to use them? It is high time that the Church in China surcause of Christian international- veyed and revaluated its work in the light of the need and opporism. tunity for enlisting youth in a Communism has made headway radical program of real Chris- tianity! ROWLAND M. CROSS. in China through propaganda. The Church can well take a leaf from the Communist notebook of method. If the Church is ready for experiment, has an adventurous program of social reconstruction,

ASSEMBLY OF THE EVANG~JLICAL CHURCH OF PUERTO

(.January 27-20, 11131.) A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO BY THE REV. FREDERICK LESLIE BROWNLEE, NEW YORK . ElJ ec utiv6 8c(,"retur]J o/thc Amcdcun Mi8iJiu1WFY Assuciation FOR several years the Protes- so apparent, however, to the mis- tant Churches of Puerto Rico sionary boards and the churches have been discussing the values at home. Here tradition, pride, and possibilities of a single Prot- theology, creed and vested inter- estant Church for the island. The ests loom large. It seemed there- values are obvious. The island is fore that organic union in Puerto small and compact. The people are Rico was destined to spend itself homogeneous. The experiences of in talk and resolutions. Everyone the various denominations at work appeared to be for union but no on the island are almost too new to two denominations dared to unite.

have become traditions. Practically Some thought that no denomina- from the beginning the churches tions ought to unite until all de- have been united in common ob- nominations were ready to unite.

jectives, a common evangelical Some denominations on the island fellowship, a common theological were ready but the missionary seminary, a sin g I e evangelical boards back home could not agree.

press and in the support of a Preachers on the island were single missionary enterprise in fearful lest during the transition Santo Domingo. These facts to- period while the united church was gether with the nationalist move- winning its spurs they would lose ments abroad, the emphasis on their ecclesiastical standing and comity, federation and union at special annuity and insurance home, and the reasonableness of privileges.

the proposition encouraged some So the movement dragged along in the hope that the organic union until something over a year ago of all the churches of Puerto Rico when the United Brethren, Chris- might come easily and rapidly. tians and Congregationalists pro- The weakness and foolishness of posed to unite in the formation of denominationalism are not always the Iglesia Evangelica de Puerto 263

Rico. The Missionary Boards 1. Mohler. The treasurer of the sponsoring these denominations Council is the resident representaagreed and January 28, 1931, was tive of the Board of Foreign set for the "wedding" ceremony in Missions of the United Brethren the church at Fajardo. Two days Church, Rev. Philo Drury. All preceding were spent in discussing business with the church boards and adopting a constitution and and the disbursement of all funds by-laws. Two days following were provided by them will be handled spent in setting up the new ma- unitedly through these officers and chinery and starting things going. the Executive Council, who in turn On the night of the celebration are responsible to the Assembly. the Fajardo church was packed. The president of the Assembly and All the preachers and missionary other officers are Puerto Ricans. representatives of the three denom- Since the churches are located in inations were present. Greetings two distinct sections of the island were presented by representatives two regional committees were set of some of the denominations that up by the Council. These commitmay come into the union later. tees will meet monthly. A member Almost two dozen speeches were of one of these committees is the made. The'listeners who knew no former representative of the Chris- Spanish pronounced the proceed- tian Churches, the Rev. D. P. Baring an oratorical contest. But near rett ; the other members of the eleven o'clock the organist began committees are natives. In fact, to play the wedding march. Three only three Americans belong to representatives from each of the the entire Assembly. In the States denominations came to the altar there will be an Administrative and united their eighteen hands. A Committee composed of representgroup of small flower boys and atives from the missionary boards girls encircled them. The minister whose business it shall be to replaced his hand on the nine united view policies suggested by the Aspairs of hands and pronounced the sembly and Executive Council, to new united body "La Iglesia Evan- consider requests for financial aid gelica de Puerto Rico." (The Evan- and to make such recommendations gelical Church of Puerto Rico.) as they may decide upon to their The congregation joined hands and respective directors. sang "Blest be the tie that binds." While the statistics of the United The organization of the United Church are not quite so pretentious Church is not unlike the customary as those of the Baptist Church ecclesiastical bodies. There is a alone, nevertheless, they are highly general representative assembly significant. There are thirty-six which will meet annually, with its native church organizations with president and other usual officers. church buildings in sixteen dif- An executive council consisting of erent municipalities, with thirtysome fourteen persons elected by nine ordained pastors and thirtythe Assembly will conduct the com- three additional p aid workers. mon business of the churches ad Radiating as it were from these interim. The executive secretary thirty-six churches are seventyof this council is the resident rep- four rural parishes, most of which resentative of the American Mis- have small chapels. The total sionary Association, Rev. Charles membership is 3,518 of whom 405

1[131] A UNITED CHURCH IN PUERTO RICO

represent new members received transacted reveals good, practical in 1930, with 636 candidates for sense. Many difficulties doubtless membership awaiting the com- lie ahead and it will be a generapletion of their instruction. In tion at least before the churches the seventy-seven Sunday-schools will have become self-supporting there are 4,354 pupils. Young peo- -Puerto Ricans are poor, miserples societies report 857 members. ably poor-but hopes are high and 'IHE CHURCH AT FAJARDO, WHERE THE PRO'l'JJ;STAN'l' ASSEMBLY MET Church property is valued at courage is strong. The natives are $457,300. The annual budget is conscious of the responsibility $70,416, of which amount the na- which now rests upon their shoultive churches provide $13,416. ders. They are grateful for the opportunities before them. They The Executive Council of the crave the continued fellowship, United Church has had its first council and financial support of formal meeting. The themes dis- the churches in the States. cussed show vision. The business Count Zinzindorf said: "I have one passion and that is Christ. He only." James Calvert, missionary to the Fiji Islands declared: "Where Christ commands and directs, I cheerfully go. I only desire what He approves and to do what He requires for the remainder of my life." David Brainerd, the apostle to the American Indians, said: "When a soul loves God with a supreme love, God's interests and his are become one. It is no matter when or where or how Christ should send me, nor what trials He should exercise me with, if I may be prepared for His work and will." Henry Martyn, ere he died in Persia: "I am born for God only. Christ is nearer to me than father or mother or sister-a nearer relation, a more affectionate friend; and I rejoice to follow Him and to love Him. Blessed Jesus. Thou art all I want; a forerunner to me in all I ever shall go through as a Christian, a minister or a missionary." The immortal Livingstone, in a dark hour in darkest Africa, exclaimed: "Noth- ing earthly will make me give up my work in despair: I encourage myself in the Lord my God, and go forward." His African followers found his dead body upon its knees, in the gray dawn of that memorable fourth of May, 1873. The great missionary had died, as he had lived. in prayer. This touching entry was found in his journal, written on the next to the last birthday of his life, "My Jesus, my King, my Life, my All, I again dedicate my whole self to thee."

TRAGEDY OF THE INDIAN STUDENTS*

T HIS is the true story of a all three of them dipping with their young Indian girl born on the fingers into the one pan of stew. Mescalero Reservation in a Into her mind flashed the picture tepee. She spent her early years of the dining room at school, the playing with the other little chil- table set daintily, the food served dren under the pines. As soon as graciously, surrounded by the smilshe was old enough she went to the ing faces of friends. And then government school in the town of came days when she was torn be- Mescalero, where she studied until tween the strong family loyalty she reached the fifth grade. She which is the heritage of the Indian had always shown an unusual abil- and the feeling that she could not ity and desire to learn. A friend go back to the old way of living took an interest in her and sent and fall so far below the standards her to the Presbyterian mission that had been taught her for years. school through the grades. At that time she had developed into such At last she went to the mission a fine girl that they took care of and sobbing bitterly she asked: her until she finished high school, from which she graduated with "What shall I do? I ought not honors. Now she could sew, she to leave my father and mother, and had learned to play the piano, she I can't live like this? There is loved to read and had become nothing for me to do. My parents aware of the beauty and inspira- are old-fashioned, they don't want tion of good literatUre. She could any changes. Why, it is impossible appreciate the niceties of life. for me to even keep clean! I can't bear it!" But school days were over and she must go back to the Reserva- She finally decided to leave the tion. That first night at home was Reservation and find work someone of bitter unhappiness. "Home" where so that she might help her was a tepee with absolutely noth- parents by sending them money. ing inside except a pile of dirty She has a position in the home of rags and goat-skins flung in a cor- Christian people in Phoenix, Ariner to sleep on. As she pulled one zona, which gives her a chance to of these over her she thought of live in a clean, wholesome environthe clean white sheets of her bed ment and be self-supporting. at the dormitory and the clean blankets that had covered her. This is the tragedy of the transi- That first meal with her mother tion of the younger generation and father had been eaten squat- from the old life to the new. "Our ting in front of the fire outside the responsibility for these boys and tent, the old battered coffeepot girls does not end with giving them boiling over into the flames, and an education. Even more is it nec- essary that with that education • Told at the meeting of the Woman's Board they shall be assisted in making ~~ ~~ii~~: Missions of the Reformed Church an adjustment to life away from the Reservation and their own peo- pIe-to life as Christian American citizens."

266

PEOPLE AND THE ·CHURCH

BY THE REV. RALPH McAFEE, D.D., Detroit, Michigan E:rcoutit:e Secretary at tile Detroit CfJUJ1(:iZ oj ClIf,o>chc8 T HE relation of America's people now active in young people's youth to the churches is a organizations. Of sixteen secre- matter of vital concern not taries replying, six believed that only to the churches but to the fu- the calibre of those now active in ture of America herself. young people's work is as high as it was ten years ago; eight be- The National Association of lieved it is higher than ten years Executive Secretaries of State and ago; and two, who are fast ap- Local Councils and Federations of proaching the end of their active Churches has for some years been Kingdom service, believe the calistudying the relationship of young people to the church and has been bre is lower than ten years ago. endeavoring to influence young Some correspondents note the people's organizations toward a marked increase in the number of more effective contribution to the college bred men and women who work of the· Kingdom of God. At are now in training for service as the recent meeting of this Associa- religious education and social servtion held in Chicago, a special Com- ice directors. mittee on Young People's work presented a report on some of the It appears certain that our promore important phases of the work grams are strongly feminized, failof modern young people in the ing to attract many of the best of church. This report dealt with five our young men. The proportion major questions: of women to men is probably about 60 to 40, corresponding in the main 1. What is the caliber of those now to the general church proportion. active in young people's organizations in your city? A third question inquired as to the main points of strength and 2. Which sex is more active and the major difficulties in the local influential in your programs? church young people's program. The points of strength noted are: 3. What are the main points of strength and the major difficulties in 1. Recognition of the importance of the local church young people's pro- youth. gram? 2. Democracy in conceiving and de- 4. What are the major points of veloping programs. strength and the major weaknesses in the most successful denominational 3. Adequate and sympathetic leaderyoung people's programs? ship.

5. What are the outstanding suc- 4. Use of forum and discussion cesses and weaknesses of our inter- group ideas. denominational programs? 5. A completely unified local church In the preparation of their re- program. port, the special committee pur- The major weaknesses noted sued four lines of investigation in are: nineteen cities. 1. Adult and ministerial monopoly.

The first questions dealt with the 2. Lack vision beyond local church calibre and the sex of -the young walls.

267

3. Inadequate leadership and equip- machinery. It limits vision to ment. denominational boundaries. It ab- sorbs all the time of the young 4. Distractions of college, i. e., ab- people with denominational activ- sence of young people in college and ity, leaving no margin for the unsettlement of the religious faith of larger Kingdom interests. It ex- those who return. alts itself above Christian living.

5. Distractions of the mating pe- The final question deals with the riod. successes and weaknesses of our interdenominational pro g ram s. 6. Misunderstanding of young peo- Young People's Councils related ple by the pastor. for the most part to Councils of Religious Education, are declared As an illustration of this mis- to be the most successful organi- understanding we quote from a zations in the field, but the Y. P. letter from a corresponding secre- S. C. E. are running them a close tary of a young people's Union in second and in some cities easily America's third largest city- outdistancing them. Philadelphia: The standard achievements re- In most cases in the local church the ported are: young people's work is given slight or no attention by the pastor and mem- 1. Serie·s of addresses-as by Miss bers of the official board. The pastor, Slattery and Dr. Poling. in many cases, i·s too busy to devote much time to his young people. Mem- 2. Easter and Pentecost Sunrise bers of the official board in most case~ Services. don't have the ambition to lead the youth of the church or, with some very 3. Help in financial campaigns. few exceptions, are too busy. 4. Rallies.

A fourth question asked for an 5. Pageants. . analysis of the strength and the 6. Conferences. 7. Recreation-Athletic Leagues. weakness of the most successful 8. Training schooJ.s for leadership. denominational young people's pro- 9. Good Friday Three Hour Serv- ·grams. Replies indicate that the ices. strength of denominational pro- grams lies in denominational pride The weaknesses of the interde- and overpowering loyalty to it. nominational young peoples pro- This loyalty produces trained and grams and the difficulties they face able leadership, programs which are legion: fundamental among are clearly defined, coordinated, them however are: promoted and understood, through summer conferences and wisely de- 1. Absence of adequate leadership. vised devotional material. Among 2. The fact that there is as yet no others, Methodists and Presbyte- agreement on the place and function rians are mentioned as developing of interdenominational young people's strong programs. work. 3. The lack of correlation between The weaknesses of the denomi- young people's programs in the local national programs centered around church, in the denominational and in the fact of denominational loyalty. the interdenominational fields. It is too autocratic, self-centered, 4. Constantly changing personnel conservative, lacking in social vi- and leaders. sion, and has no particular objec- 5. Lack of pastoral sympathy and tives beyond strengthening its own cooperation.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON

6. Lack of persons who visualize need to face the fact that they the importance of the interdellomina- ought to uverate a::; detillite part::; tional young people's program. of the all-inclusive program of the modern church. It was agreed The Executives of the Councils that since the major part of the of Churches throughout the coun- leadership of our young people's try are convinced that the young organizations now resides and people's organizations of America probably should continue to reside need a carefully ·coordinated program of yearly activities. It is ap- in our Directors of Religious Eduparent on all sides that the young cation, these specialists together people's organizations are fritter- with representatives of other siming away too large a share of their ilar organizatiuns mig h t well capacities and of their influence merge into a nation-wide combecause of this fundamental lack of coordination. It is likewise mittee on the field and function of clear that young people's societies young people's work, both denomi- national and interdenominational.

FIFTY YEARS IN CEYLON M Iss SUSAN R. HOWLAND MISS HOWLAND TWENTY-~'IVE YEARS entered missionary service in Ceylon, in 1873, under AGO the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. She ful a missionary service. Certainly was the daughter of veteran mis- few have been so well loved. By sionaries, the Rev. W. W. Howland request of her fellow workers she and Susan Reed Howland, inherit- remained on the field a few years ing the love of the Christian com- after her retirement, but recently munity and winning her own place she came to America to live with in their hearts. For some years she her brother, Rev. John Howland, a was an associate of Eliza Agnew in missionary in Mexico for nearly the old Oodooville Female Semi- half a century. nary, and followed her in charge of this oldest of girls' boarding schools in foreign mission fields. For more than thirty years she continued teaching the daughters and granddaughters of her early pupils, but about twenty years ago she gave the responsibilities of the school into other hands. She then turned to evangelistic work, and in every village found "daughters" and their homes wide open to her. Her ripened ministry in the homes and in the hospital at Inuvil, proved of untold value to the whole community. Few persons in any land or time have had so long or so fruit-

GIVE THE GOSPEL TO MOSLEMS?*

BY MOHAMMED ABDUL QAYYUM DASKAWIE, Rawalpindi, Panjab Projes,wr in Gordon College since 1928 I SLAM is a pre-Reformation dents at their desks. It puts non- Protestantism gone awry. It Christian agencies at our disposal was a movement in the ancient and in this age of the power of the Syrio-Arabian world which aimed press is probably the most powerat re-discovering and re-instating ful instrument of evangelism, if the truth of the unity and spiritual- rightly used and if adapted to the ity of God. It was in no sense either needs of those to whom it goes. The a new or an original movement but wonder is that we do not use it as it was needed for the land where it much as we should. A business man arose, as a corrective for Judiasm will spend thousands of dollars to and Christianity as they existed advertise candy or chewing gum there. It was a protest against the but we who have an urgent mes- Mariolatry and saint-worship in sage do not put it to its full use.

the Church of that day and against In India alone there are over 70,- the exclusiveness of the Jewish re- 000,000 Moslems whom it is our ligion. The founder of Islam was duty to reach with the Gospel of convinced of the divine origin of Life. There are very few well writthe two great faiths that had pre- ten books which could be put into ceded it but had now lost, for a the hands of those who do not read time, their original mission and the English language. Most of the spirituality. Had the Church of Christian books for Moslems were Christ in the sixth and seventh cen- written in the past century or early tury been loyal to the New Testa- in this century. Two or three that ment teaching of Christ and His have appeared during the last few disciples there never would have years are controversial and are inbeen any need for an ant8gonistic adequate for those who are not inand rival faith like Islam. terested in religious controversies. Moreover, the day that is dawning Be that as it may, we today are in the world of Islam is not of conconfronted with the task of carry- troversy but of sympathetic aping the life-giving Gospel of Jesus proach. The younger generation Christ to those who do not truly is not enthusiastic about learning know Him. How can we as Chris- the Koran and most of them do not tians better accomplish our labor of even read it. We need to give them, love for our Master? Many meth- therefore, not a pamphlet controods of evangelism have been tried verting the truth of a particular and found successful in bringing sura, but something that will meet the Gospel of Christ to Moslems; their changing conditions. one of them, the printed page, finds its way to places and persons un- There is no Christian book today thought of and maybe unheard of that we could give to our Moslem before. It finds readers among the college students. In Gordon College, women in the zenanas and the stu- where I have been working for • An address given at the annnal meetlng some years, we have some very of The American Christian Llteratl"e Society keen, active and alert minds, yet for Moslems, Jannary 24, 1931.

270 there is no attempt made to pro- know the dreadfulness of the dis- vide anything suitable for them. ease. The loathing of sin arises These students are the representa- through a moral conception of the tives of the educated classes among holiness of God. The Moslem the Moslems, and we must provide thinks that sin can be removed by the contact with Christian truth money and atoned for by fastings through suitable literature. and prayers. He takes a mercenary There is a still larger class of view of sin. He does not feel its those who are only half educated or ravages upon the human soul but who can read only the vernaculars. considers only the displeasure of These people are highly sensitive God at his disobedience. His idea and most of them have never been of outweighing sin by goodness in under Christian influence. A sym- its literal sense is familiar to all.

pathetic approach and a sound Yet there are spiritually minded argument-simple and yet keen- souls who do see that sin is more is what wins their approbation. I than a mere mistake. We need to know of nothing suitable that we show the Moslem that sin is not could put into their hands. only disobedience to a far-off God, Another large class is made up of but that it is corruption. Not a few the women who are locked up in the of my fellow-converts have testified zenanas. Many of them can read a to the growing consciousness of the little today, which was not true ten sinfulness of sin as they have tried years ago. The woman missionary to live the Christian life.

can give them Gospel portions but Another feature of our message the Gospel background needs to be for the Moslems is the message of understood and explained. These God's love in Christ-the heart of women need to see the glory of the Christian Bible. No one who Christ, His love, and His esteem has ever seen the love of God as re- for womanhood. They enjoy the vealed in Jesus Christ can forget fruits of His spirit and teachings that God or refuse to yield to Him.

without acknowledging Him. Orthodox Islam has no place for May I make bold to suggest a mysticism; it had to import it from few lines along which we could the Grecian and Hindu thought. The confession of George Matheson make an approach to the Moslem is not the confession of one man mind in presenting the message of only but of what men and women Christ? There are a number of have felt from the earliest dawn of things that the Moslem holds in Christianity: common with the Christians and we should be ready to make use of 0, Love, that will not let me go, them. I rest my weary soul in Thee; The first thing that the Christian I give Thee back the life lowe, message must do is to emphasize That in Thine ocean's depth its flow May richer, fuller be.

the ethical side of the Christian The love of God is the message message. The Moslem believes in which brings the proud and the the presence of sin in the world but haughty to their knees before his view of sin is very superficial. Christ who is King because He is Many people do not see the need of Love incarnate.

a Saviour because they do not see We often forget that Christ was the heinousness of sin. They seek a great hero and that the human no remedy because they do not heart is at core a hero-worshipper.

We fail to adequately impress upon having slain the enmity thereby." the Moslems the moral perfection -(Eph. 2: 14-16.) and the sheer manliness of the hu- 'man Jesus. We should do greater When the mother of Jesus came justice to this side of our Lord's to see Him, and they told Him that life. We forget that it takes more His mother and brothers were courage to be kind than to cross the standing outside calling Him, our Atlantic Ocean in an aeroplane; es- Lord asserted the superiority of pecially when it means being kind the spiritual brotherhood over the to the type of people whom every- kinship of the flesh. The Christian body despises. It is all very well to brotherhood must be so presented be kind to one another if that and we must in the name of Christ means being kind to our own so- either remove or at least minimize ciety and those on a par with us, the denominations and counter-debut when it comes to being kind to nominations that exist among us. the publican and the sinners, then We must not let our Christian souls . . .? It takes more courage to be be cramped and dwarfed by these faithful to one's ideals in face of distinctions. We must become one death than it takes to conquer the body of Christ if we are to evanworld. It is far nobler to pray for gelize the world and to bring all one's enemies than it is to hit back men into the flock of the Great and demand a tooth for a tooth. Shepherd. Our brotherhood must Jesus Christ was a great hero and be demonstrated as it is, a higher He was a perfect Man. When men and a more spiritual kinship than and women are brought face to that of any other religion or cult. face with Him they find themselves acknowledging His more than hu- Another feature of our message man origin. must be the preservation of a rev- e1'ential attitude toward things The Moslem belongs to a great spiritual. We are prone to forget brotherhood but the Christian the reverence that the Moslem has brotherhood is more spiritual and for God. In the growth of knowl- edge and Christian freedom we should be greater. This brother- must not forget the reverence that hood is founded on a surer and holier basis than any other broth- is due to God. Perfect love casteth erhood in the wOil"ld, because it is out fear until love takes the place founded on the blood of our Lord of fear something should be re- Himself. The Christians of vari- tained to help life flow in right ous races and countries were united when Christ died on the Cross. In channels. Other features might be the letter to the Ephesians we are mentioned but this is by no means told that "He is our peace, who intended to be an exhaustive treatmade both one, and brake down the ment of the subject. These sugmiddle wall of partition, having gestions have been made to point abolished in His flesh the enmity, out the great need for suitable even the law of commandments Christian literature for Moslems contained in ordinances; that he and the enormity and difficulty of might create in himself of the two the task that God has given to us. one new man, so making peace; and The signs of encouragement are might reconcile them both in one numerous. A harvest is ready to body unto God through the cross, be reaped if only we have the cour- age and skill under God to reap it.

by F. C

AN EVANGELISTIC SFJRVICEJ TN A HAMLEJ'r IN NORTH INDIA A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA BY JAMES M. BAKER, Ongale, Guntur, India Amcrica,n Baptist TelufJu Mi88i01l-J 1895- n .; BOUT eighty-five per cent of outcaste the hamlet the more com- the people of India live in plex its life. The missionary or small villages, the life of Indian leader who seeks to eSwhich is decidedly rural. Even in tablish Christian church life in these small villages people do not such a hamlet has to 'understand live unitedly. Caste distinctions and partially, at least, to overcome and family quarrels have divided this complexity. If he seeks to them into small residential sec- establish a church for a number of tions, many of which are quite hamlets his problem is still greater. isolated. These sections are called hamlets. Some castes and un- Some of these complexities are friendly families would not be al- directly or indirectly connected lowed to live promiscuously in with poverty; some are due to the hamlets, even if they chose to do teachings of the Hindu religion; so. some result from certain customs which have grown up, some arise All hamlet life in India, although from superstitions, and some are it. does not at first seem so, is very theeffed of perverse notionsrecomplex. The poorer and more garding' sanitation. Among the 3 273

passive causes are-failure to Poverty and hunger leads natur- ally honest people to steal. In know or to observe the ten com- famine times, the troubles of hammandments, the two comman!!. let life blaze up glaringly. Onements given by Christ, and the third of India is always hungry, golden rule. but doubly so in famine.

It is wonderful what a little in· The Hindu religion does not struction along all these lines can help improve the daily life of the do toward ironing out the wrinkles hamlet. It has a positive tendency in hamlet life. The average house to make it worse. Its fatalistic and ground is about 20 by 20 feet. teaching lulls men to sleep until a No wall separates these lots, most pending calamity actually falls of the houses are without doors, upon them. This fills the mind full there being only a passageway two of fear over what imagined demons feet wide, through which to enter. are going to do. It permits steal- All the hamlet houses are placed ing in case of necessity. It makes in family groups with certain rela- trying to learn appear to the lower tions one to another. This con- caste hamlets to be sinful. This gestion, together with fixed notions is important because only one of relative location, causes endless quarter of the population are of friction and the doorless houses the higher castes. Hinduism asadd to the mixup. sumes no responsibility whatever for the secular or religious instruc- This condition makes necessary tion of the lower castes. It punalmost unlimited trust in neighbors ishes no wrong except the breaking in a country where there is little of caste rules. It approves of the absolute trust in anyone. marriage of children and even al- lows baby girls to be married to The marriage of close relatives old men. is intended to minimise complications, but it seems to act the other There is much in Hinduism that way and very often creates family is fine and beautiful, but it is about feuds. The close proximity of as useful to the masses as a big houses makes the family dog, buf- dish of rice and curry mixed with falo, and chickens, a problem to a little arsenic. solve in relation to the other family's dog, buffalo, and chickens. The idea of fate is so deeply in- The houses too, are constructed culcated by Hinduism that no secwith mud walls and with thatched ular or religious teaching can filter roofs. They are, at best, only down from the top layer of society. temporary shelters and require If the "Seventy-five percent" are constant attention to keep them to learn anything, some other refrom collapsing. They are almost ligion must undertake to teach valueless as a security. them.

This lack of valuable property The civilization of the land is so brings in its train a long line of old that many strange and inconcomplications. For instance, a sistent customs have taken deep man may desert his wife and chil- root and added much to the intridren. The law can do little with cate network of hamlet life. For him for he has nothing that the instance, even the outcaste, if he law can take. If all such were put touches the dead body of his father in jail, the prhlOns would soon be or mother, must spenil days going full.

J931] A GLIMPSE OF HAMLET LIFE IN INDIA

through various ceremonies of ning. It has stopped short. On purification. But without any pol- close examination he finds that lution in the eyes of his own people a community superstition has he may take off the hide of an ani- jumped into the cog wheel. mal which has died and cut up for distribution its meat and eat of it Just how much the lack of sanihimself. tation has added to the melting pot of hamlet sufferings has never been A middle caste hamlet may build figured out. The Government has a shrine to anyone of the gods- done more than missions, but even for example "Ramaswamy." The the fringe of the need has not yet neighboring lower caste builds a been met. shrine in their hamlet to the same god. If anyone from the lower There are nO latrines or sewer caste hamlet should enter that of systems in the viIlages. Men and the higher caste he must keep a women bathe at night in the street proper distance from the shrine, under the cover of darkness. The but if a higher caste man visits the adults go to relieve nature into the lower caste hamlet he may sit on fields or lanes; the little children the shrine and pollute it without sit down anywhere and the scavany objection· either from himself enger service is rendered by dogs, or from the hamlet people. hogs, chickens and crows. Dung heaps and cesspools are unregu- When the missionary attempts lated. Wells and tanks are guarded to plant the simple principles of from the next lower caste but not from pollution by filthy members Jesus in such a soil, he loses all of the same caste. influence and becomes a laughing stock if he rides over rough shod When an epidemic touches one their customs. family in the crowded hamlet, im- mediate steps are taken to propiti- Among all the castes, supersti- ate some demon, but isolation is tion has taken a firmer hold of the seldom if ever attempted. Before Indian imagination than Hinduism civilization can be established in itself. The new missionary won- India, the principles of Christ and the laws of physical, mental and ders what is wrong. The machin- social health must be observed. ery he has set up on western models simply will not go on run- WORLD'S SUNDAY SCHOOL STATISTICS Tabulation is made of the Sunday-school membership throughout the world every four years by the World Sunday School Association. Since current figures for the United States and Canada were submitted at the convention of the International Council of Religious Education, held in Toronto last June, it is possible to give the following corrected tabulation for the world: Grand Divisions No. of No. of O!fice·rs No. of Total S. S. and Teachers Scholars Enrolment North America ………….. . Central America ………… . 159,817 2,179,312 21,851,027 24,030,339 South America ………….. . 381 1,832 19,098 20,930 West Indies …………….. . Europe ………………… . 2,976 11,695 159,160 170,855 Asia ………………….. ,. 1,930 17,364 171,330 188,694 Africa …………………. . 90,621 854,905 8,462,845 9,317.750 Malaysia ……………….. . 1,567,382 Oceania ………………… . 37,427 96,564 1,470,818 789,658 13,148 63,477 726,181 108,624 100,463 880,430 1,422 8,161 790,710 12,898 89,720 320,620 S,323,030 S3,751,632 37,074,66.?

CRISIS IN PALESTINE'"

BY THE LATE REV. S. B. ROHOLD, F.R.G.S., HAIFA, PALESTINE jLL eyes have been turned to of the efforts of the Government £l.. the Holy Land during the to battle against this pest.

past year. For Jew and Gen- (d) The Mice Plague. However tile 1930 has proved a time of trial great the damage done by the lo- and stress. Weare in the midst custs, the mice accomplished the of the people who have made the rest, and this plague is still con- personal sacrifices, and have been tinuing.

literally bearing the burden, and (e) The £100,000 to compensate been broiling under the burning those who suffered from the riots sun of Megiddo, J ezreel and Lower has proved a great failure, for the Galilee. In these parts the actual Arabs claimed compensation and redemption of the land has taken got it, and the result was no one place, and it is here that the ma- received adequate compensation.

jority of the Zionist Colonies have (f) The adverse report of the been established, and where over Shaw Commission.

forty thousand Zionist Halutzim (g) The so-called temporary are still continuing the struggle stoppage of immigration.

against the climatic conditions. (h) The Wailing Wall Commis- In coming in contact with these sion.

people, whom we can truly call the All these were enough to break "rebuilders" of Zion, and who are the spirit of the strongest and quite different from those who staunchest people, but the Jew still have shown their interest merely went on, hopeful and undaunted.

by sending money to Palestine, we Then came the White Paper, stop- have learned much, and are in a ping the immigration for ten position to give a true estimate of years, and prohibiting the sale of the result of the tragedy. land for ten years. This is prac- The year 1929-30 has been a tically the "last straw to break the record year of severe blows meted camel's back."

out to the Jewish people in the I have met with some of the Land of the Redeemer, and I am leaders and many of the Zionist afraid that they are taking this Halutzim the last few days. Every- last blow as almost a final one. where we hear the words: "We There prevails a tragic hopeless- have been betrayed." Now they ness, which I have never witnessed say the last blow is to come, and before among these people. that will be an adverse report (a) There were the atrocities of from the Wailing Wall Commis- 1929. sion.

(b) The Shaw Commission-in One dare not comment on all itself, and in the way it was con- this, but at the same time we can ducted, was disappointing ?ond dis- see and read the signs of the times.

'heartening. At least here in Haifa it is (c) The Locust Scourge which broken. A quarrel which took devastated crops and tree!>, in spite place here between the Christians "From The E1'angelical Ohristian. and the Moslems with regards to a 276 small old cemetery was so serious The French Consulate is in disthat one Christian, Mr. Barhari, favor because it has been maneuan editor of a newspaper, was vering and creating favorable killed, and some were wounded. If propaganda for France, and for it were not for the prompt and the Mandate to go to France. strong measures taken by the France is jealous of the profitable British military authorities not balance in the Palestine Finance, many Christians would have been as against the deficits in their own left, especially of those who took Mandatory State of S),ria. Italy part in the quarrel. The result says that she will be more profit- WITH THE MISSIONARIES TO THE JEWS AT HAIFA (Dec. 1929) From left to right-~lr8. Christie, Dr. Chrjstie, Mrs. D. L. Pierson, Mrs. Rohold and the late S. B. Rohold was that there is hatred prevailing able to the Jews than anyone else all over Haifa and the district. to carry out the Mandate, as she has not the large Moslem popula- When Dr. Drummond Sheils- tions to whom she has to cater, as Secretary to the Colonies-was in Great Britain and France must do. Palestine, the Christians of Haifa sent him a petition that they did A high British official admitted not want to be any more united that the Government had always with the Moslems. The political had warning from the Indian papers have been trying to patch it Government, not to offend the up, but it is not so easy. The Ro- Moslems. man Catholic Metropolitan, Archbishop Hajjar, who has always While I do not minimize the been a leader in anti-Jewish things, blow the Jewish people have rehas now turned otherwise. ceived, yet I believe it may prove to be a blessing.

(a) The Jewish people will now but there is a definite "Christ have to give up relying on the movement." strength and promises of man, and will turn to God and His promises. On October 20th, when the blow of the White Paper fell on the (b) They will give themselves to Jews, we learned that in the fill up all the gaps, and make every schools here they had started to effort to cultivate all the land they teach the children "The Life of have, and settle it properly, mak- Jesus." On that very day, in our ing secure.their possessions. Haifa Bible Depot, we sold over fifty Hebrew New Testaments to When the Spirit of God moves, Jewish boys. When we asked why then there are sure to be results. they wanted Greek New Testa- The past few years the attitude of ments, those young boys have said: the nominal Christians here was "We must study it in the original." anything but good. They were the Here is a definite movement, for which we return thanks to God, leaders in all the anti-Jewish agi- and for which we ask God's people tations. Yet the attitude of the to unite in earnest prayer. Jewish people towards the Lord Jesus has not only vastly improved, CHRIST OR ANTI-CHRIST-WHICH?

T HE teachings and power of Christ offer the most fundamental obstacle to communism," says Stanley High, Editor of the Chris- tian Herald. "Do we want the rising side of self-consciousness among the non-white people directed by Christianity or by Russia? There was a time when it was so dangerous to become a Christian that to become one meant to become a missionary, The zeal that characterized Christianity of old is found today in communism, whose ranks are examined· and purged yearly of the unworthy. On my recent trip around the world I started out with the idea that perhaps a synthesis of the world's great faiths was needed. But when I saw what is happening in the Far East, I came to believe that there is no other name under heaven by which men are changed and saved except by the name of Jesus Christ. It is the only way in which the world can walk in the way of peace. General Smuts, speaking of the rising tide of race-consciousness in Africa said: 'For this awakening, Christianity and the missionaries are responsible.' Christianity provides an awakening principle, it provides also a conserving force, enabling people to live as God's children should. That is what Christianity is doing around the world."

We face the alternative of the rule of Christ or the rule of Anti- Christ in the world today.

INTEREST IN

BY THE REV. GORDON CHAPMAN, SUMIYOSHI KU, OSAKA, JAPAN MifS8ioow.ry oJ the l'rcsuJjtcrirm Church, U. S. A., 1921– WH I L E Japan is passing jected to considerable trouble be- through a serious economic cause they n;fused to submit to a crisis with unemployment local custom w hi c h compelled and other evils on the increase, the school children to worship at a cercountry is particularly open to the tain Shinto shrine.

Gospel, so that it is difficult to take The Christian Council of Japan advantage of all the open doors. has petitioned "the Commission to A united effort on the part of the investigate the System of Shrine Christian Churches is being made Worship" to settle definitely the to take advantage of the present status of Shrine-Shinto as to opportunity and thus afford a whether it is a religion or not; widespread preaching of the Gos- that if it is finally decided that it pel to the masses. "The Kingdom is outside the religious sphere that of God Movement," dominated by all religious practices at shrines Toyohiko Kagawa, has suffered cease; on the other hand if it is somewhat from an over depend- placed within the religious realm, ence upon human organization, but that its religious functions shall those concerned in the leadership not be made compulsory; that in are now awake to this danger and the effort to uplift the moral life there has been a much fuller em- of the children care be taken to phasis upon divine resources. protect their right of religious One of the issues which has be- freedom and that such problems as come increasingly acute of late is those created by compulsory worthat of Christianity and Shrine- ship on the part of school children Shinto. For many years the Gov- at shrines and before god-shelves ernment has divided Shinto into be avoided; that the provision two sections, Sect-Shinto, which is made in the Imperial Constituregarded as a religion, and Shrine- tion for the freedom of religious Shinto, which is regarded as a cult belief be made the keynote in the for the development of patriotism. solution of the problem. When It is unreasonable to assert that one considers this situation in con- Shrine-Shinto is non-religious when nection with the fact that a perthe Shrines are engaged in reli- sistant effort has been made for gious functions. The fact that the some years to enact a "Religions Government has promoted worship Law" which would put the Chris- at the shrines of Shrine-Shinto, tian Church under Government and even made it compulsory, has control, it is rather ominous to say in certain situations seriously in- the least. Pray for the Christian terfered with the freedom of re- Church in Japan in this crisis.

ligious belief granted by the Con- In the year of the anniversary stitution o,f the Empire, and has of Pentecost there was manifest even resulted in persecution. Re- everywhere a deep desire that the cently the Christians of a church power of the Holy Spirit may be in a country town have been sub- realized in real fulness. God has 279

put the burden for revival upon meeting which lasted for four days His children and this is being ex- and yet there was never a slack pressed in fervent prayer. During moment. All was wondrous liberty. the last half year we have seen evidences of at least a touch of re- The reality of an experience vival, both among missionaries and such as this has been witnessed to in the Japanese churches. Last over and over again by the fact spring about forty missionaries, that those experiencing it have representing at least half a dozen been more greatly used as channels denominations, were gathered in of blessing to others. One of the a retreat. All felt the need for a missionaries immediately after the fresh touch from God, that the retreat felt led to go to a Japanese Lord Jesus might be manifested Christian worker who had been esmore fully through us. The Lord tranged from his mission for a took the program in His own hands period of years, and after humand we were given a fresh vision bling himself seek reconciliation. of Himself and as He is repre- This being accomplished, the Japsented in His Body, which consists anese pastor was invited to speak of those of all denominations and at the annual conference of the sects. We realized anew our own Mission. weakness, and the criticism and lovelessness which too often filled At a Conference for the Deepenour lives. He enabled us to get right ing of the Spiritual Life at one of in regard to these things. He gave the mountain resorts four days us a wonderful revelation of the were set aside for prayer and the unity of the Body of Christ and the seeking of whatever God had for overwhelming need of a heart filled us. During the two weeks precedwith perfect love. We were led to ing the conference there were daily give ourselves to whole-hearted in- prayer meetings, both in the morntercession for the Body oil' Christ ing and the afternoon. During the and it was wonderful to hear the conference itself prayer meetings prayers for all kinds of denomina- were held each morning at 6: 30 o'clock and were attended by a tions, societies, countries and re- large proportion of the community. ligious leaders. Very often the one Then there was a daily Bible Readwho prayed had been critical to- ing at 10: 30 a. m. and an evening ward denominations or individuals session at 7: 30 o'clock. A large for whom he prayed and it took number of denominations were but the acknowledgment of this represented, including Anglican, to turn the prayer into victory. It Episcopalian, Christian Missionary came over us again and again that Alliance, Methodist, Presbyterian, the greatest hindrance to revival Lutheran, Baptist in their various branches. A large number testiis the friction and strife between fied to having received special the various members and branches blessing. A significant feature of of the Body; that it is only as we such testimonies was that most get right here that the Life could often the hindrance to blessing had flow to the members. The great been in wrong attitudes, such as lesson which we learned was that criticism and lack of love toward the Fire of the Spirit is Love. other m€mbers of the Body of There was no human leader in the Christ.

Not More Progress? opposition of priests, mullahs

"What is the greatest hindrance to "holy men," whose living and leadereffective missionary work 7" was a ship are dependent on their followers' question asked of many missionaries rejection of Christian teaching. It in our journey around the world. was so in the first century.

The answer,s were many and varied- 5. The failure of so-called Chris- some were superficial and inadequate; tians to live up to Christ's teaching is others showed experience and insight. a still greater obstacle. This includes We summarize a few: the evil influences emanating from 1. The lack of adequate financial nominal Christian countries of Europe sttpport was stressed in many places. and America. Degenerating movies, It was evident in such places as Ked- false and degrading literature, foreign gaon where the work that Pandita residents, and materialistic, agnostic Ramabai founded is being faithfully or atheistic teachings of some teach- and cheerfully carried on under diffi- ers from the Occident spread ideas culties-with a chapel never yet com- that often lead educated Hindus, Mos- pleted, sore need for a dispensary and lems, Chinese and Japanese not only a bookroom and with other depriva- to give up their traditional faith but tions in equipment and support. to reject all religion.

2. The lack of sufficient workers is 6. False ideas of God that come seriously felt as a real handicap and from false interpretations and views has been since the first missionaries of Christ and the Bible offer another were sent out. How few the workers hindrance that can scarcely be over- there are for such a great task! Iso- estimated. Wrong conceptions of the lated stations, like Hillah in Mesopo- deity of Christ lead Moslems to tamia and Muscat in Arabia, usually stumble. We heard Buddhist- and feel it most. Even the few evangel- Hindu priests misquoting and misin- istic workers are too often overcrowded terpreting the Scriptures, holding with educational, administrative or fi- Christianity up to ridicule and saying, nancial responsibilitie,s. One man or "This is the Christian idea of God and woman is thus called upon to do the of life." The ,same mistaken argu- work of three or four. As a result ment is popular in America among health and efficiency-and at times atheists.

spiritual life-suffer. 7. Similarly, the mistaken idea that 3. Inherited religious faiths and Christians, to be fair minded and to customs, imbedded in men's minds and gain a hearing, must praise all that is controling their lives, offer an almost good in non-Christian religions has insurmountable barrier to an accept- proved a reactionary influence. There ance of the Gospel of Christ. This is are truths and beauties in other re- seen particularly in Islam, Hinduism, ligions but they are not vital nor are Buddhism and other ethnic religions. they excluded from Christianity. Hin- Ignorance, superstition and prejudice dus and other non-Christians, hearing make the ground hard and unfruitful. their religions praised, are sometimes Family tradition and pride forbid a surprised to find in them excellences change of faith. that they had not suspected and are 4. Closely linked to this difficulty is wont to say: "Since our religion is the fanatical, and often wholly selfish, so good and true, why change." Thi,s 281

was one great mistake of the Chicago liefs and practices prevail? The fact Parliament of Religions and it has that in spite of these opposing forces been repeated in many volumes writ- men and women are being won to ten by Christian writers since that Christ and that lives are being transday. formed at the rate of 200,000 a year in these mission lands is a sure evi- 8. The growing unbelief and ration- dence of the power of God working in alism in the Church at home has also and through the missionaries. God is a widespread and detrimental influence honoring His Word where it is faithin the non-Christian lands. There, fully practiced; where Christ is truly educated leaders declare that Chris- lifted up He is drawing men to Himtians are themselves giving up their self. faith in Christ and the Bible-so why accept what others are rejecting. But the need of men for the life Non-Christian rationalism is also re- that Christ offers and the difficulties flected, if not always propagated, by that face His messengers form an insome of the young men and young centive and a call to the Church at women sent out to teach in mis.sion home to constant prayer in behalf of schools and colleges. A Christian these faithful workers at the front. In faith that is not vital, strong and face of these difficulties should we send positive is powerless-it is even anti- out any but the best? Only those di- Christian. vinely called, fully consecrated and spiritually equipped are ambassadors 9. One of tne most difficult influ- worthy to represent the Son of God in ences to combat abroad is that of these most difficult fields today. Asiatic students returning from America and Europe with reports that The Rattle Against Christ Christianity has failed to produce observance of law,' chastity, brotherly The whole contest against Christ love and other virtues in the lands and His way of life is not only being from which the missionaries come. carried on in foreign, non-Christian The contacts and {)bservations of these lands, and in Russia. Today in Amerstudents have often been unfortunate ica there are too many college and and have given them warped views. university profes-sors, and many They may have expected too much. papers and magazines that are spread- ing atheism and unbelief. Univer- 10. But the most devoted and Christ- sities that would not countenance false like missionaries of whom this ques- teachings and harmful speculations on tion was asked, did not hesitate to science, do not hesitate to give free say: "The greatest obstacle to the reign to professors who scout the idea progress of Christianity in our field of a God who has revealed Himself to is our own lack of spiritual power. man and of a code of morals that har- Many confessed to a failure to live monizes with the character and laws up to their own ideals, to a neglect of of a wise and holy God. Some editors prayer and Bible study, and to absorp- of periodicals and managers of pubtion in secondary pursuits. They lishing houses seem to think that their longed for more evidence of Christ in whole responsibility ts to produce their own lives and for complete c{)n- articles and stories and books that will trol by the Spirit of God. sell, regardless of their truth, whole- some or degenerating influence. One In Spite of Hindrances well known, and formerly highly hon- ored magazine, recently advertised an In face of these and other diffi- article by an atheist to prove that culties, including the natural hardness Christ and His atonement for sin is of the human heart and the human an incredible myth and that the Christendency to follow the down hill road tian God is non-existent. Another in the way of foolishness and sin, is it to be wondered at that progress is slow in lands where anti-Christian be-

TOPICS 01<' 'l'HE TIMES

magazine of equal reputation pub- the necessary absence of Dr. Arthur lished an article on "The Disappear- J. Brown, who acted as secretary of ance of God." Still other popular the Board and editor of THE REVIEW periodicals have printed papers on most acceptably for the year 1930.

such subjects as "Stoicism, a Substi- Sympathy was extended to Professor tute for God:' the "Failure of Chris- H. P. Beach and Fleming H. Revell, tian Missions," and similar topics members of the Board since its organ- aiming to de·stroy faith in Christ and ization, and detained on account of ill- His teachings as set forth in the Bible. ness. During the year one of the most Not content with thi·s, publishers generous and devoted friends of THE even print stories and essays against REVIEW, Mrs. John S. Kennedy, has a high standard of ethics and morals. entered into the Life Beyond; as have Many evils follow because leaders of also two other warm friends and suppublic opinion, who provide reading ports, Mrs. W. H. Woolverton and for our young people and for all Miss Emily H. Wheeler. classes, undertake to undermine the On account of the economic situabasis of morality and belief in God. tion we cannot report a large increase In non-Christian lands we deplore the in the number of subscribers, but ignorance and low or perverted stand- we give thanks that the financial deficit ards of life. Are we not too com- was made up through gifts received placent in o.ur attitude toward false from fourteen mission boards, and and harmful teaching in the schools from twenty-four individual givers. and colleges to which we send our Fifteen Boards and societies also children, toward the theatricals and helped materially by sending subscripmovies which we permit them to see tions to their missionaries. The one and toward the books and periodicals hundred and eighty authors of articles, which they are reading? How can we the Board of Directors, members of expect to raise up a new generation the Editorial Council, THE REVIEW of Christians who will purify and staff, the Foreign Missions Conferstrengthen church and state and busi- ence, the Federation of Women's ness, and who will be living witnesses Boards, the Home Missions Council, to Christ and His Gospel, if we are and the Council of Women for Home not determined to fight against what Missions have cooperated to make the is false and evil and fail to surround work effective. The Foreign Mi·ssion them with influences that will develop Conference appointed the following as Christ-like faith, character and life? members of the Editorial Council for the present year: Dr. William Ban- The World and the Review crdt Hill, Mrs. F. I. Johnson, Rev. Henry Smith Leiper, Mr. William B. The annual meeting of the Mis·sion- Lipphard, Dr. William P. Schell, and ary Review Publishing Company, was Dr. Mills J. Taylor. held in the Assembly Room, 156 Fifth Avenue, on Friday, February 27th, at The Home Missions Council ap- 3: 30 p. m. Dr. Robert E. Speer, pointed the following: Dr. William presiding. The meeting was opened R. King, Dr. John McDowell, Dr. with prayer by Dr. C. Luther Fry. Charles H. Sears, and the Rev. Jay S. Stowell. There were about one hundred and The company also publishes the fifty friends present including stock- Moslem World, but without assuming holders representing 69 votes and 191 financial responsibility for it. This proxies, making a quorum for the quarterly reports 20% increase in Bub- transaction of business. scribers. THE REVIEW received 1,492 The Minutes of the Annual Meeting new subscribers during the year; an for 1930 were approved as mailed to average of over four a day; about 70% stockholders. of our subscribers renew each year.

The secretary expressed regret at These are unfortunately not enough

to offset the losses which were, almost The Nominating Committee re- without exception, due to financial ported nominations for directors for difficulties. the coming year and the following were unanimously elected: Professor The editor of THE REVIEW had the Harlan P. Beach, Dr.. Samuel McCrea privilege of a world tour of missions Cavert, Dr. William 1. Chamberlain, last year and this year the Editor of Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Dr. P. H. Lerrigo, the Best Methods Department, Mrs. Mr. Walter McDougall, Dr. Eric M. F. I. Johnson, is on a similar tour. North, Mr. Fleming H. Revell, Dr. Both of these journeys were independ- Robert E. Speer, and Mr. Delavan L. ently financed. Pierson and Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer. It was with ,sincere regret that the THE REVIEW is steadfast to the pur- declination of Dr. William Bancroft pose for which it was inaugurated- Hill was received. namely to present the world-wide need for the Gospel and the world- Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, editor of wide work of the Church of Christ The Moslem World, spoke of the inin all lands as carried on by all evan- debtedness of the quarterly to the gelical workers. We maintain ab- company for publishing the magazine solute loyalty to Christ and the New for the past fourteen years; and he Testament standards of faith and then gave an address on some of the practice. This is the only missionary present facts relating to Christian interdenominational review published work in Moslem lands. in America representing evangelical work in all lands. We believe that Dr. Speer, the president, delivered there is as real a need and as large his annual address calling attention to a place for THE REVIEW as ever. In- the need for clear, unequivocal and cluding all expenses it costs on the courageous ·stand for the New Testaaverage about four dollars a subscrip- ment Christian ideals and message to tion to publish the magazine and sub- be proclaimed in all lands, even though scribers pay less than half the ex- this may mean persecution, suffering pense. Consequently it is necessary and death to the messenger. to make up the difference by gifts from those who believe in this educa- The editor also made a brief adtional and missionary work. The dress, giving stereopticon views of hi.s Board of Directors hope that large recent world tour. The meeting closed hearted friends will count it a privi- with prayer by the president. lege to make up this financial deficit and to enable us to increase the use- ~ourage. btotber! bo not fulness of the REVIEW. Suggestions are invited from friends of THE RE- ~tumble VIEW as to improvements in the magazine and ways of enlarging its circle mbougb tbp patb be bark of readers. a~ nigbt The treasurer, Mr. Walter Mc- mbere's a ~tar to guibe tbt Dougall, presented the annual report bumblt which showed total receipts of $27,- 300.02 and expenditures amounting to "~ru~t in ~ob. anb bo tbt $27,335.84, leaving a small deficit. rigbt." The net current assets on December 31st amounted to $30,565.47 and fixed m:bouglJ tbt roab be long anb assets, $2,142.49. brtarp The audit committee, Dr. Eric M. ~nb it~ tnbing out of ~igbt North, chairman, reported that the ..11oot it brabtlp-~trong or books of the company have been audited for the years 1929 and 1930, wearp and were found correct. On motion, Hmru~t in ~ob. anti bo tbe these reports were accepted for filing. rigbt."

BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

AROUND THE WORLD WITH God will send her a good husband, for CUPID the great event of her life is her mar- (A demonstration for college groups) riage. By MRS. H. M. LE SOURD When the husband at last appears, there is feasting and music for a This little demonstration was de- week. He comes in the garb of an signed to set forth some marriage cus- ascetic with a wreath of white flowers toms in several mission lands. The around his neck. He has passed the bridal costumes of these countries day in worship and prayer for the de- may be obtained at a small rental fee parted spirits of his ancestors begging from most Board headquarter.s. How- twin blessings on himself and the girl ever, you will not find it difficult to he is about to marry. The bride too, make your .own. has passed the day in fasting and Music appropriate to the country prayer. Face to face the young couple represented should be played as each sit, their clothes tied together, his bride enters and takes her place. hand placed on hers. The reverend As a background for the demonstra- priest, bronze statue in orange robes, tion plain velvet portiers will give the lifts the garland and slips it over both best eifect, although more elaborate heads, and the ceremony is ended.

decorations may be used. The bride goes to her husband's You will find only two rehearsals home, but she is not alone, she is part necessary. The charm of this little of the great composite family of per- play is its simplicity not only in prep- haps over a hundred being·s. Every- aration but execution. You will find one watches her.

it easy to stage either in a church or When she and the bridegroom at home. last find themselves alone together, it INDIA is not the meeting of two lovers in (Given by a good reader, after the ardent embrace and kisses. All is bride has appeared) prayer. They must lie side by side for two nights in divine communion. Perhaps the most inhuman wrong practiced on the women of India is It would be impossible to exaggerate child marriage. Every Hindu girl is the evils of child-marriage. Physicala wife or widow at 14 and in many ly, it leads to torture, deformity, conparts of India, much younger. Girls stitutional ill-health and even to death have actually been married before by violence. It is pitiable for the child they were a year old, and when from wife to be obliged to submit herself 4 to 6 years of age, they very common- to the temper and often tyranny of ly cease to be single. her husband, but when the despotism and cruelty of several elderly women They are frequently married to is added to this, her lot may better be child husbands, but there are hundreds imagined than described. of cases where the husband is a man of forty, fifty or even sixty, and the PHILIPPINE ISLANDS child wife may be his fourth or fifth.

In the prayers that the Hindu girl The manner of wooing is rather pe- lifts with her mother, they both pray culiar. The man who wishes to pay 285

his addresses to a woman gets the combat in which he is always victori- consent of her mother and father. He ous, he enters. The other guests fol- is received by the entire family, when low and each one is presented with a he calls but is never allowed, in any cup or cigar by the family of the bride.

way, to show her any special favor or No one must be omitted or the mar- attention. He must devote himself to riage will be unlucky. The dowry is the family. If he wishes to take her paid to the mother.

to the theatre or concert he must take The bridegroom is then seated on the entire family. The proposal must a pile of mattresses and cushions in come from the man's parents and then company with his friends. Dancing the Captain of the Ship of the Mar- is going on in the center. The bride riage Broker sets a day on which the is in a private room making her toilet.

suitor may procure a number of tooth Before all the guests, the groom picks each one representing a dollar dons first a pair of gauze trousers for the purpose of buying a wife. The several sizes too large. Then a skirt modern stock market scene follows. that is far too small, made of rich The broker tries to beat the price up silk. Two long ribbons of gold and and the bridegroom wants it low. A silver cross over his breast and tie in fight follows, but the groom always the back. wins out. For a week or more before the marriage the bride elect is car- The bridegroom is squatted on the ried about iri a sort of wicker bamboo floor and a saucer of live coals is set hammock, borne on the shoulders of before him. The priest places five two young men and she goes about large rings upon the right hand of paying visits to her intimate friends. the bridegroom and recites a l.ong She is not allowed to put her foot to rigmarole. A Philippine pendita the ground or do any manual labor. begins to sing louder and louder which is a signal for six bridesmaids to en- The trousseau of a rich Philippine ter and seat themselves among the girl consists of dozens and dozens of cushions. They have false finger nails rich dresses. No other article is of of silver two inches long. Their faces interest. Marriage is not a question of affection, seemingly. The only are painted with rice paste and their thing necessary is money enough to eyebrows are artificially broadened pay the priest. Very often all rites and their front hair banged. The are set aside. The man chooses his bride then enters and turns her back on the groom as the latter makes a companion, the two live together and pilgrimage to her side. After being probably rear a large family. repulsed, he gazes disconsolately at The marriage ceremony is quite a her back. The crowd extends its sym- complicated affair. At the proper pathy and urges the bride to relent.

time, the suitor goes to a place pre- Finally after many entreaties, she viously decided upon, and sends a mes- turns and faces the bridegroom and senger to the bride's house to ask, the ceremony is ended.

"Can the ship come to anchor 1" The A dance follows, and no one may future bride sends a messenger to refuse to dance. After the dancing, reply in the affirmative. A second comes a feast furnished by the bride. message from the groom says, "We Dancing and feasting alternate until have anchored." The bride's family the food supply is exhausted. While then send the toothpicks, each of the guests are eating, the second time, which represents a dollar in value, and the door is opened, and the bride and the suitor thus learns how much dow- groom appear. They eat alone, to the ry is demanded for the bride. accompaniment of music, and then When necessary preparations are dance together. This completes the concluded, the groom goes to the home ceremony, but the festivities usually of the bride's parents. After a mock last until the following morning.

19311 METHODS FOR WORKERS

AFRICA slaves, losing our individuality, and almost our identity. (Given by the bride hcr::;clf) CHINA I am Naga, a bride from Africa and I come to tell you of the marriage (Given by a good reader) customs of my land. Weddings in China are celebrated When I was but twelve years of with a great deal of formality and age, a man from the next town came expense. Betrothals are generally conto my father asking to marry me. tracted at a very early age. Initiative is almost always made by a woman He was willing to pay a sheet of called a "go-between." She is acbrass for me. quainted with all the families of the neighborhood. She suggests to par- After bargaining one way and the ents a desirable match for their son. other, my father decided to accept the She forms the medium for carrying sheet of brass, but he must also have on communication between the two two tusks of ivory in payment. families, as it is regarded as improper and indelicate for parents of either Sometimes in my country the bride- family to see the other or for parents groom pays for his bride in goats, or to arrange marriage without the "godogs or dog collars, exchange of wom- between." en, the father securing a new wife for himself at the same time that he Idea of courtship, love-letters, etc., gives his daughter in marriage. are quite shocking to right-minded Chinese persons. While the' bridegroom and my father were bargaining, I brought them Betrothal is consummated by exthings to eat, which my mother had change of presents and the making prepared. I then saw how old and over to the parents of the groom a ugly the man who was to be my hus- formal document. The relation of band was, and I cried out that I hated husband and wife is thus constituted him, and stamped my feet; but every- and the engagement i·s regarded as one except my mother laughed at me, sacred and binding as if the marriage for it was. quite the custom for the had been performed.

husband of a young girl to be old and Chinese women sometimes live as widows for life because their husbands ugly. We grow accustomed to it after died when very young boys. These a while. widows who have never been married spend their lives with the parents of The bartering is then completed and deceased husbands and devote them- I am the property of my husband. selves to caring for them.

All the next day there is feasting Previous to the wedding day, the and dancing in my father's village bride has her eyebrows pulled out so and at sundown, I am taken in a cara- that she is ever afterward recognized van of my husband's people to his as a married woman. town, only my mother and a few of my friends accompanying me. O~ the m.orning of her wedding day, she IS carfled to the home of her fu- When we arrive at my husband's ture husband in a beautiful and highly village, I am encircled by women of ornamental bridal chair. Red is the his household, who dance around me color of bridal chamber and costume. singing songs of ridicule and scorn. They worship together the spirit tab- My mother responds to them with an- lets of the ancestors of the brideother song, which is a plea that they groom. Parties first see each other's care for me and provide enough food faces when seated by the bridal bed. for my body. Then, weeping my moth- The bride's veil is removed and the er and I part and she goes back to my two parties drink wine from the same father's people, while I am left among strangers as the unhappy slave of my husband. For we brides of Africa are seldom happy and are sold from one husband to another until we are mere

cup. Then they receive congratula- timating each other's personal appeartions and the groom and guests feast, ance and character. but the bride does not eat at the wedding feast. As filial duty is a prominent element in Confucian morality, it is very sel- NOTE: IIu ve four coolies em'ry briUe in on dom that children object to their pararm chair supported by two poles, Bride car· ents' choice. Under the influence of ries umbrella over which is thrown a bright Western customs the young people, in red c10th which completely hides her face. Sbe recent years, have raised objections lifts this as she steps out and starts to speak. and the marriage broker has to begin all over again until he finds a suitable JAPAN mate.

(Given by a good reader) After the first meeting the bride- groom sends gifts of clothes and food Japanese women seldom have ca- to the lady, and if these are accepted reers, for they are always expected to they are considered engaged. A lucky marry. One rarely meets a spinster day is chosen before which time the over twenty in Japan, for they are bridegroom makes a formal visit to considered a discredit to their family the bride's home and meets all the and are kept in close seclusion. It was family. On the wedding day the bride a custom for the married women to is dressed entirely in white, the blacken their teeth when they went mourning garb of the country, and is upon the street, but the spinsters also carried to the home of the bridegroom, often did this rather than admit they where she changes her dress to a more were single, ana so the custom dropped festive one. As the feast is in proginto disuse. The marriage tie is a ress, the bride and groom and two loose one and can be dissolved without servants withdraw to another room legal procedure. Divorce can be ob- and pledge each other three times with tained for disobedience to the husband three cups of wine, exchange rings, or the husband's relatives, for talka- and join hands, which makes them tiveness or jealousy. The mother-in- man and wife. They then change law usually has absolute dominion clothes and return to the feast to reover the daughter-in-law. In the lower ceive congratulations. Again leaving classes, a wife may be divorced if she the feast, they return to the private cannot keep her husband's business room and go through pledging again. accounts. Religion plays no part in it, and it all takes place at night, with no press Personal attraction or preference announcement and no honeymoon. At plays no part in the Japanese mar- the end of the feast the guests leave. riage. It is entirely a matter of busi- The names of the couple are entered nes-s, the affair and the terms made at the Registry Office and the marby a marriage broker or middleman. riage ceremony is completed. If the daughter has no brothers the bridegroom must take the bride's fam- MOSLEM ily name in order to have a succession. As it is hard to persuade a man to (Given by a good reader) do this the marriage broker has to use special diplomacy in arranging From the standpoint of humanity such a marriage. and civilization the most glaring evil of Islam, next to the exultation of war, Women of Japan enjoy more free- is the practice of child marriage. Mardom than in other Oriental countries. riage among children is common, as The marriage age is fifteen for girls is also the marriage of little girls to and seventeen for men. Each must older and old men. It is written in the have the consent of both families. Koran, that he whose daughter reaches twelve years of age and has not been A betrothal feast is held, shared by giVen in marriage and falls into sin, all the members of both families and the young couple for the first time in their lives have an opportunity of eS-

METHODS FOR WORKERS

he is responsible for that sin. The be at home or in the church. There saddest case·s Christian physicians is absolutely only one variation. It have to treat are those of little girls makes no difference whether the girl who ought to be enjoying games and is young or old, maid or widow, rich school life, seriously injured, if not or poor, exquisitely beautiful or hidmaimed for life, as a result of this eously ugly, the only thing that varies horrible practice. is the trousseau of clothes which is given by the man to his bride, and the Young or old, the wife is an inferi- quality of this depends on his means. or, a plaything, or a slave. A father can dispose as he pleases of the hand A Moslem woman i·s the property of his daughter without asking her of her husband. She exists to give consent, whatever her age may be. him pleasure and bear his children. Men marry at sixteen, and girls from If she fails in this because of ill nine to twelve years of age. So a girl health, he may cast her aside, neglect of eleven has often been married and her, leave her to die, divorce her, or divorced several times. A Mohamme- at best allow her to lead a colorless dan marriage is a contract, rather existence in the household presided than a sacrament. A man makes his over by another wife. If, after marchoice of a female and then the law riage, she is' disobedient, she is given allows him to see her first, if he solitary confinement. Repeated acts wishes, but the majority never take of disobedience call for corporal punthat much trouble. Accompanied by ishment, which the husband is allowed friends, he goes to the house of an to inflict. The Mohammedan is alagent and there settles the amount of lowed four wives, but must treat them the dowry, which is paid to the girl's with strict impartiality. mother. The Moslem law appoints no specific religious sacrament to be ob- AMERICA served on the occasion of marriage. Mutual consent in the presence of wit- (Given by a good reader) nesses is sufficient to make marriage valid. It is hardly necessary for me to go into detail regarding American cus- On the day appointed for the mar- toms of marriage for the audience no riage, the bridegroom, accompanied by doubt is composed of has-beens, and some friends, goes to the place agreed would-be-brides-to-be. In every womupon. Two trustworthy witnesses an's heart there is the desire to somemust be present. All persons then re- time marry. American women have cite the first chapter of the Koran, careers and marry later in life, or they and the bridegroom then delivers the may marry and then have careers. dowry. The bridegroom and the agent The girl may have many suitors and of the bride sit upon the ground face she is priviledged to make her choice. to face and grasp each other's right It is best, however, for her to have hand, raising the thumbs and press- the consent of her parents, though no ing them against each other. Having hardship is brought to bear if she passed a handkerchief over their marries without. hands, the guardian says, "I marry to thee my daughter, for a dowry of such The marriage ceremony is regarded and such an amount." The bridegroom as most sacred and binding upon both then says, "I accept from thee her parties. The only part not regarded marriage with myself and take her so is the throwing of rice, old shoes, under my care and engage myself to hats, cane,s and the like, and this part afford her protection, and ye who are is rapidly falling into disuse. The present bear witness to this." ceremony is always performed by a minister, priest, or justice of the There is no discussion among Mo- peace. Sometimes the wedding may hammedans whether the wedding will be quite an elaborate affair. Parties, dinners, and showers being given a 4

month or two preceding the wedding yellow, with tissue paper, or bunting, day by friends of the bride as well as and two members of the group be sethe family. Hundreds of guests may lected to have charge of this, just inbe invited to witness the ceremony, or side the door, and to place carefully it may be a simple wedding with the in it all the eggs that are brought to bride, bridegroom, and two witnesses the party. The disposal of the eggs, completing the party. after the party, may be left to the leader, but the children should be in- The two are priviledged to establish formed of their destination and should a home if they so desire and the girl it be possible that one or two (or as may be the master of her own house- a group), could take part in the delivhold. ery of the eggs, that would add to the interest. Freedom is the outstanding feature in American ideals and customs and The singing of Easter songs and the American girl has the freedom of the playing of one or two games in marrying or not marrying: freedom which the tiny egg-shaped candies of choice, freedom of ceremony and could be used or a chocolate egg or freedom of establishing a home. bunny given as a prize to the winner, would help make it a real party. Or- NOT": You may want to change the above. dinary white beans may take the place Have this bride In a real wedding dre.s, a bou- of little eggs and when hidden in variquet may be obtained for the occasion from " ous places about the room make good photographer, material for an Easter-egg hunt, in which all the children present may A HOME MISSIONARY EASTER join. The prize might go, as a con- solation, to the child finding the least. EGG PARTY After the singing of some such A party would not be a real party hymn as "Jesus Christ Is Risen Towithout something to eat, but this day" the following prayer could be retime most of the things to eat will not peated in unison, (the leader having be used at the party but be carried to printed it on a blackboard or large someone shut in, or to someone who is sheet of paper where all may read) : not able to have many parties or good things to eat at any time. On slips of Dear Jesus, who died on the cross for colored paper, cut in the shape of an our sins, egg, if desired, the following invitation might be printed or written and And who now dwells in heaven sent to other children in the church above, or community who would be interested in coming to the party: Please bless our small efforts to bring Easter joy To a little Easter party that we're giv- ing (day of week) next To sad hearts, and to thus show Thy love.-Amen. We'd like to have you come at three, and hope you'll not be vexed NEGRO MEETING If we ask that you will bring an egg I asked the pastor of a negro Bap- or two, or three, or more- ti~t Church to send us his choir to sing spirituals at an evening meeting. To place within the basket that you'll The cooperation was splendid and find inside the door. ended by their supplying the whole program. A cultured young colored And then on Easter morning, with stenographer gave a splendid paper some other girl or boy, on, "The Literature of the Negroes." Another girl recited, and the choir Who is sick or sad or lonely, we may sang. They had refreshments with share our Easter joy. us. Two at least of our "Missionary Women" refused to come, but the re- (The time, "three" mentioned above, can of course be changed to any hour desired.) The leader should have in readiness a large basket decorated in mauve and

suIt was an increase in racial under- is a dramatization, personalization or Ht.anding. program thought out and prepared by the Juniors themselves. This is a real Later, however, when I tried to demonstration of the spirit of the bring a colored woman, a graduate of children and will bring the parents to Yale Music School, wife of a gradu- a realization of the value of the mis- ate of Ohio University, and a Y. M. sionary spirit as nothing else will. C. A. worker, as a guest singer, I was not permitted to do so as the pastor's Public programs by the children's wife said we had to "be careful." organization should be carried out at least once or twice a year and all SIMPLE RECREATIONAL METHOD parents, including fathers and grand- fathers, should be invited. Write names, stations, and countries, of half as many missionaries of It is not possible, however, to reach your own Board as you have women the uninterested parents who do not in your meeting. send their children to the missionary organization meetings through their Separate names from stations and programs. They must be reached countries, pass out names and corres- through the Sunday-school, or some ponding stations and countries. adult organization which they attend. Put boys and girls on the programs of Let the women who have the names your adult societies and have missionfind the stations and reseat name and ary demonstrations in the Sundaystation together, the leader carefully school as frequently as possible. A adjusting any misfits. simple recitation or song by a child may interest all or many members of It breaks up formality, brings wom- a household. A very simple exercise en together who should know each for a Sunday-school, or adult organizaother better, fixes names and stations tion meeting, may be "The Stairway in mind. to Success." Have any number of chil- dren, each of a different size, from the A MEN'S MEETING smallest child possible reaching up to the adult standing in a row on the We asked the men of our Society to platform to form a stairway. take full charge of an evening meeting, not a woman's voice was to be The adult may be the Sunday-school heard! superintendent or the president of an adult organization. Without words The husband of the President was this exercise illustrates the thought in the chair and the husband of every of the success of the adult activity other officer took her duties. depending upon the training of the children. A picture of such a stair- They chose "Missions and Peace" way may convey the lesson in the form for their subject. A professor led the of a poster under which are the words devotionals; a lawyer, popular as a speaker, gave the main address; a WATCH YOUR STEP man was at the piano; a bass sang a solo. or A large offering was demanded and new members were insisted upon. The men entered into the spirit of the thing and many considered the meeting one of the finest ever offered.

REACHING THE PARENT KEEP THE CHILDREN THROUGH THE CHILD We live in deeds, not words; Perhaps the best way to reach a In thoughts, not breaths; parent's heart is through programs in In feelings, not in figures on the dial. which his child takes part. All of the Life counts time by heart throbs Boards are publishing splendid pro- He lives most who thinks most, grams for boys and girls. Best of all Feels the noblest, acts the best.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22nd Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York Exe.cutive SecretaTies of the Council of Women for Home Missions and Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS Mrs. L. R. Rounds, Mrs. Lewis L. Anewalt. Secretary-Mrs. John C. Shover. Treasurer- Mrs. Frank Gaylord Cook. Assistant Treasurer- Mrs. Philip M. Rossman. Executive, Secretary-Miss Florence G. Tyler.

MRS. HOWARD MISS FLORENCE Committees and Chairmen "VAYNE SlfI'fTl O. tl'YLER Administrative-Mrs. Howard Wayne President Executive Becretat'V Smith.

Officers By-Laws-Mrs. Clayton D. Eulette. Foreign Students-Mrs. Leslie E. President – Mrs. Howard Wayne Smith. Swain. Home Base-Miss Amelia D. Kemp. Honorary Vice-President-Mrs. Henry Industrial-Miss Lucy Kent. W. Peabody. International Relations-Mrs. E. H.

First Vice-Preside.nt-Miss Margaret Silverthorn. E. Hodge. Missionary Prepal·ation-Mrs. Agnes Vice-Presidents-Mrs. DeWitt Knox, C. L. Donohugh. Mrs. William Edgar Geil, Miss'ions and Governments~Mrs. Wil- Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, Mrs. F. 1. Johnson, liam L. Darby. Mrs. H. A. Lavell, St1lde.nt Work-Miss Jean Dayton. Mrs. James C. Colgate, Nominating-Miss Carrie M. Kersch- Mrs. D. J. Fleming, Mrs. William L. Darby, ner. Mrs. Ernest A. Evans, Interdenominational Institutions on the Foreign Field-Miss Margaret E. Hodge. ConfeTences a,nd Schools of Mission.s -Miss Carrie M. Kerschner. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Hough.

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS Officers Thil'd Vice-President~Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. President-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Honora1'Y PTesident-Mrs. George W. Recording SecretaTy-Miss Julia Flor- ance. Coleman (President, 1908-1915). First Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Philip M. Treasureri—Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

Rossman. Executive Officers Second Vice-P1·esident-Mrs. Millard Executive SecretaTy-Miss Florence L. Robinson. E. Quinlan (until April 1).

292 MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD HRs. PHILIP M. ROSS{AN ~rRS. M. L. ROnTNSO~ MRS. FRED S. BENNE'l'T Prc8idc11 t Fir8t Vice-Pre8ident Second rice-Prcside1J t 'l'htra Yice-President Director, Ind'ian Work-Miss Helen JOINT STANDING M. Brickman. With Federation of Woman's Boards Sec1'etary for Migrant Work-Miss of Foreign Missions Edith E. Lowry. World Day of Prayer-Mrs. S. S. Western S1tpervisor, Migrant Work- Hough. Miss Adela J. BalTard, 228 McAllis- ter Street, San Francisco, Califor- W'ith MissionU11} Education Movement nia. Joint Committee on Home Mission Assistant Treasnrer-Miss G. Evelyn Lite1'Uture>–Miss E. Jessie Ogg. Morse. With Federation and Movement Conlmittees and Cl1airlllen Conferences and Schools of Missions- STANDING Miss Carrie IVr. Kerschner. Leadership Training-Mrs. Orrin R. .4dministrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. ChautauqurIr-Mrs. Orrin R. Judd. Judd . Finance-Miss Ruth B. Rule. International Relations-Miss Elinor With Home Missions Council K. Purves. Joint Administrative-Mrs. Orrin R. Legislative MatteI's – Mrs. Samuel Judd.

Semple. AlaskrIr-Dr. Edward D. Kohlstedt. Migrant Work – Mrs. Kenneth D. City and New Americans-Dr. Charles Miller. H. Sears. Student Work-Miss Muriel Day. Indian Work-Dr. Frank A. Smith. Study Courses~Miss May Huston. SPECIAL Annual Meeting – Miss Amelia D.

Kemp. – Eva Clark Waid Metnorial Fund for Woyld Peace- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Nominating~Mrs. J. J. Pearsall.

Office Administmtion- Mrs. F. W. Wilcox.

Study of Litemtnre-Mrs. Edwin W. Lentz.

S-u,1'vey a:nd Pol.icy-Mrs. Fred S. Ben- nett.

Mas. EDWIN W. LENTZ ~Ba(hTa(h) 'rhe }]el,L ln~H, Hf1:vn:w htld flichH'I'~ of "'Irs. COlelllUll. )[i~8 QuiulalL lind :':Jix~ Bl'i(~klllan; 7'rea8U1"f~r MISS JULIA FLORANCE October, 192U, pictlwes of :Jliss Lmvry und Miss Ballard; ::Ha;YI 1930 , group pictllres in which ReoortJing Seoretwrll Miss Morse and Miss Kaiser appear.

JOINT SPECIAL The Origin of Good Will Day With Federation and National Council In the little neutral country of Hol- of Federated Church Women land, in a great hall in the Queen's palace, the delegates sat for three Relationships-Mrs. Fred S. Bennett. months in secret session, wrestling futilely with the problem of arma- With Home Missions Council and ments, but making great progress in Federal Council planning for mediation and arbitra- tion. Finally, the German delegates Comity and Five-Year Program of balked and disaster seemed imminent. Survey and Adjustment-Dr. Her- But our great ambassador, Andrew D. White, sent an envoy to Berlin showmann N. Morse. ing documents to the skeptical Hohen- lohe and Von Bulow proving that Other Personnel America cared tremendously. Thirty- one Baptist clergymen in Oregon had Office Secretary – Miss Virginia cabled a petitior.; a bishop in Texas Kaiser. had written a prayer offered every Sunday by thousands for the success Directors of Religious Edncation of the Conference. These and similar demonstrations had weight. The Kaiser Government Indian Schoob removed the objections and the work went on. Half a dozen men of hope Albuquerque and Santa Fe, New Mex- and courage saved the day. ico—-Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Ross. The Hague Tribunal of Internation- Flandreau, South Dakota and Pipe- al Arbitration was established; a stone, Minnesotar-Mr. Isaac Grey- panel of judges of four from each earth. country was chosen and the legal ma- chinery set up whereby mediation by Genoa, Nebraskar-Rev. J. M. Hinds. neutrals could be urged when war Haskell Institute, Lawrence, Kansas- threatened, and arbitration be carried out. In six years, as a result of this Rev. A. A. Van Sickle. beginning in international cooperation, Sherman Institute, Riverside, Califor- looking toward world organization, one portentous war had been prevented, nia!—–Rev. Floyd O. Burnett, Miss another great war ended and the Veva Wight. United States had carried the first Theodore Roosevelt School, For t case to the Tribunal and others fol- Apache, A r i Z 0 n a—Miss Pearl lowed. This body of jurists now nomi- Fletcher. nates the judges of the World Court. ORGANIZE THE WORLD A second Conference was held in By MRS. LUCIA AMES MEAD 1907 with 44 member nations. Had the proposals then of Secretary Elihu Reprinted by permission from June, 1930, Root been accepted by all and lived up Facts and Factors} published by the Massa· to, the World War could have been prechusetts Federation of Churches and Council vented; 30,000,000 would not have of Religious Education. suffered death, or wounds, or starva- tion and we would not have lost Fifty- In August, 1898, 26 nations having One Thousand Million Dollars in a ambassadors at St. Petersburg re- war that did not end war or make the ceived from the Tsar's minister a world safe for democracy. The lesson startling rescript inviting them to of May 18th is that Good Will must be meet and consider the limitation of organized. Organize the World! armaments. Most of these nations were skeptical, but strong men in many nations recognized a great call and hope. William T. Stead, the noted British publicist, earnestly welcomed it, started a new organ, established a center in London sending out speakers for months all over England. He sent young Ramsay Macdonald over here to strengthen our interest in the coming conference to be opened on the Tsar's birthday, May 18, 1899.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

APPEAL OF WOMEN TO THE charge of national honor and the safe- guard of humanity. WORLD'S STATESMEN The International Council of Women, Geneva, September, 1930 Ishbel Aberdeen & Temair.

The undersigned organizations, rep- Women's International League for resenting more than forty millions of Peace and Freedom, Jane Addams. women working in various ways in fifty-six different countries of the The World's Young Women's Chrisworld to forward international under- tian Association, C. M. Van Asch standing and cooperation, feel im- Van Wyck. pelled to call attention to an increasing and ominous tendency of the The International Alliance of Women press, the general public and even for Suffrage and Equal Citizenship, governmental circles to discuss, or ad- M. 1. Corbett Ashby. mit in discussion, the possibility of another war; this in utter disregard The World Union of Women for Inof the sacred Pact formally renouncing ternational Concord, Clara Guthrie war, which has just been signed by D'Arcis. fifty-seven civilized nations. The International Federation of Uni- This constitutes a flagrant slur on versity Women, Winifred Cullis. the national honor of the signatories of the Briand-Kellogg Pact, a direct TOKYO JOSHI DAIGAKU menace to the youth of the world and to humanity in general. It cannot and (Woman'. Ohristian Oollege) must not be tolerated! By DR. A. K. REISCHAUER We stagger under an unprecedented burden of armaments in the midst of Executive Secretary of the College commercial depression and economic warfare. We have come to a critical Life on the campus is humming this moment of upheaval and unrest and year. The business depression, keenly we demand the energetic action of felt in Japan, has reduced the number every constructive force. of students from 496 to 465, but there is no feeling of depression in the col- We declare the work for peace to be lege atmosphere. The handsome new the most urgent task before the world Library and Administration Building today. We appeal, therefore, to every is rising in the center of the quadranright-thinking person and, in particu- gle and the pouring of concrete and lar, to women, who pay the first cost beating of hammers makes music in of human life, to realize their respon- our ears. This building, entirely paid sibility and power. We ask every for before completed, with the Library single individual to use his active in- section a gift from an independent fluence to combat the idea of a re- woman missionary of Japan through course to violence as the solution of the Methodist Board, is the first opany problem; to work by word and portunity afforded us to go beyond the deed for the eradication of the psy- purely practical and necessary, and chological causes of war-fear, igno- embody some of the beauty and idealrance and greed; and to promote by ism of education in architecture. every means the recognition of the oneness of humanity and the interde- The practical has not been lost sight pendence of nations. of for there is ample provision for the business staff on the first floor, and a We demand of our statesmen, elect- cafeteria and school supply store on ed by the people-if they value their the ground floor. Both of these are privilege of service-to increase their managed by the Alumnre Association efforts and henceforward to make the who wish to guide the diet of these whole-hearted 0 b s e r van c e of the young women along new and more Briand-Kellogg Pact the supreme wholesome lines, and add a steady in- come to their growing endowment fund. The spacious Library and read- ing rooms, the alcoves of bllOks on

special subject,s to which the students lege; two are Y. W. C. A. workers; will have access, and the well-equipped one an officer in the National W. C. stock rooms will provide one of the T. U., in the white slave traffic definest libraries in Japan. The attrac- partment; two are living in social tive lounge with its comfortable settlement houses in the ,slums of chairs, warm coloring, and decorative Tokyo managing a children's Chrispalms will give a sense of welcome to tian library and girls' clubs; while all who come on business; while up- the daughter of the popular General stairs two pleasantly furnished con- Yamamuro of the Salvation Army is ference rooms offer a homey atmos- principal of the Officers' Training phere in which human members of the School of this outstandinl!' Christian family may meet in friendly conver- organization. This spirit of sacrificial sation with any girl who has need of service ("Service and Sacrifice" is the sympathy or advice. school motto), is growing steadily in the student body as is evidenced by Written across the front of the the conducting of a Sunday school for building is the ideal of our college the children of the neighborhood and education,-"W HAT S 0 EVE R the entertaining of a working girls' THINGS ARE TRUE" :-from the club in this suburb, as well as by the peak of the center roof flames a torch, voluntary work of the girls in helping catching the rays of the sun by day to beautify the campus, and their large and of artificial light by night-this, contributions towards buying equipthe emblem of the school, embodying ment for future generations of stuthe hope that goes out with each dents to enjoy. graduate. Japan needs educated women, with the courage that goodness There are still two great needs in and self-respect give, to lead the na- the line of building before this Womtion through her womanhood to the an's Christian College is equipped to abundant life free to all. The produc- serve the best interests of this largest ing of Christian leadership in the body of college-grade women in a home, the classroom, the office, in the Christian institution in the Orient. political and social life of the people, Another dormitory unit in order that is the aim of this Woman's Christian at least 50% of the students may live College. on the campus and receive all the ben- efits of extra-curricular activities and To what extent has this hope been have more personal contact with the realized in the one decade past? Quite staff of Western teachers; and a sufficiently to give courage and renew building combining a chapel and audiefforts for the future. As would be torium for cultivating the spiritual expected in the Orient, the great ma- and !esthetic life of the ,students. The jority of the girls are married by desire is for a chapel small enough to their families soon after leaving col- house comfortably the definitely Chrislege. Of the relatively ·small remain- tian group on the campus amid surder, who are allowed temporarily to roundings beautiful and creative of go into some kind of work or are ex- the spirit of reverence and wor·ship, pected to earn a living, many are car- and under the same roof to have an rying the torch. In the college itself auditorium where the entire student there are thirteen in positions of re- body, their families and the surroundsponsibility on the faculty, among the ing community, may come regularly administrative staff, in charge of the for religious services and various Alumnre Association 8tore and cafe- gatherings that enrich and ennoble teria, and as housemothers in the dor- life. Who can fail to imagine the hold mitories. Each year several are ·such a place would have on the lives engaged to teach in missionary sec- of those attending? May Christian ondary schools for girls. At present women catch the vision of such an three are studying in the States in influence in moulding the character of Ann Arbor. Well~sley and Wilson Col-

this large and eager group of their 3. You will not profiteer. You will younger sisters in Japan, and having not raise the prices of native caught the vision, make it a reality! goods because the people are now showing a greater interest in THE CAPA SCHOOL them.

The Capa School of Stamboul is not 4. You will strive to learn how to buy only interested in preparing girls for your goods as cheaply as possible the teaching profession, but in pre- so that, in turn, you may sell paring women for various practical them as reasonably as you can. professions. At the present time 150 students are taking the normal course The duties of Turkish factory owners: in home economics. Five specialists from Belgium and France are direct- 1. Great success is made by large ing the school. The first two classes stocks, so you must try to save are devoted to general secondary edu- and collect money to increase cation. During the last three, speeial- your stocks. ty is given in various subjects. Cooking, millinery, dressmaking, and other 2. You must try in every way to insubjects a domestic science course will crease the number of articles provide. which can be manufactured in Turkey and to improve the This year. the school has enlarged quality of all manufactured goods, its work to include night classes for so that Turkish-made articles may working women. The practical side of soon be the equal of all importadomestic science is given. These tions. courses are designed not so much to produce specialists or teachers as to FOR OFFICERS AND STAFFS prepare women to be better housewives. Give me, 0 Lord, that quietness of heart that makes the most of labor and DUTIES OF A TURKISH CITIZEN rest. Save me from passionate excite- AND A TURKISH MERCHANT ment, petulant fretfulness and idle fear, keeping me in the restful presence of Much is being written in the papers Thy love. Teach me to be alert in all these days about the duties of loyal responsibilities, without hurry and with- Turks in supporting native-made out neglect. Tame Thou and rule my products. The following points were tongue that I may not transgress Thy published in a leading Stamboul paper law of love. When others censure may as indicative of the highest type of I seek Thine image in each fellowman, Turkish citizen in his various rOles as judging with charity as one who shall buyer, producer and middleman. be judged. Banish envy from my thoughts and hatred from my lips. Help The duties of a Turkish citizen: me to be content, amid the strife of 1. You will try to save as much as you tongues, with my unspoken thought. spend. When anxious cares threaten my peace, 2. You will choose native materials help me to run to Thee, that I may find whether or not they are in style my rest, and be strong for endurance at present. and service.-Selected. 3. You will not mix foreign foods with native products at your dinners. WHOEVER ALLOWS HIMSELF TO 4. You will not spend your money for luxuries such as beads and neck- GET OUT OF PATIENCE laces. Whoever allows himself to get out of The duties of a Turkish merchant: patience comes to the falling-off place 1. You will not import materials that before he is aware of it. By indulging are made or could be made in in temper and saying cruel words a man Turkey. loses control of himself, and his tongue 2. You will sell materials of the best grows keener and more bitter and he ef- quality that are manufactured fects nothing an(l hurts forever the man locally. he attacks. Do not turn friendship into hatred by hasty speech. "By conquering yourself you have conquered me," were the words accompanying the capitulation of a great Indian chief to one of our Colonilll governors. Think it over.

-John Wanamaker.

~RLD-1nDEOUrLOO~~1

INDIA Lord Irwin, has declared that Mr. Gandhi and the British Agree Gandhi, the man he imprisoned only nine months ago f.or defying British A REPORT from Delhi on March authority, not only was an able peace 3, announces that an agreement negotiator, but had established a had been reached between Mahatma record for endurance, patience and Gandhi, leader of the Indian Nation- perseverance which men of greater alist party, and the British Govern- physique and ·strength could scarcely ment of India. Just twelve months equal. after Gandhi and his lieutenants of the Congress party initiated their Mr. Gandhi and Narcotics campaign of civil disobedience, the stormy petrel of Indian politics and OPIUM is a curse to India-espethe Viceroy, Lord Irwin, reached a cially to mothers and children. compromise. . This means that the One of Mahatma Gandhi's demands is Indian Nationalists will have seats at that the British do all in their power the round table conference. The Con- to block the sale of intoxicants and gress party's campaign of civil dis- narcotics. The Indian Government licenses the sale of opium and intoxi. obedience, which included defiance of cants throughout India-in spite of the salt laws, non-payment of taxes, the protest of many leading natives. holding of illegal as·semblies and mass Ignorant mothers are among the largpicketing of factories and shops sell- est purchasers of narcotic£ which ing British goods, will be called off. they use to quiet fretting children. Such drugs and intoxicants are sap- It is understood that the Indian Gov- ping the life of India. One .of Mr. ernment made conces·sions and that Gandhi's demands prior to accepting the British program for dominion henceforth the natives will be per- government is that this traffic shall be mitted to manufacture salt by the discouraged and that opium and liquor pr.ocess of evaporation on the sea- shops be closed throughout the length coasts, the government monopoly, and breadth of India. however, maintaining control of its All-Asia Women'. Conference manufacture and distribution in in- land areas. Political prisoners are expected to be released and Gandhi will no longer I press his demand for an inquiry into N JANUARY, Lahore was the scene alleged police excesses. Property con- of an historic conference, being the fiscated from Congress members found first All-Asia Conference of Women.

guilty of law-breaking will be restored Delegates were present from most of with their release from jail. the countries in Asia including Pales- Much credit for the achievement of tine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Afghanistan, peace in India will be accorded the Nepal, Burma, Ceylon, Java and Viceroy, Lord Irwin. Almost single- Japan. In a number of these countries handed and in the face of opposition women have had up to recent times, a of some members of the Indian Civil very small part in the public life. The Service, Lord Irwin has fought Eng- absence of the Chinese representative land's battle for a peaceful settlement does not indicate any lack of interest of the tangled political situation in on the part of the Chinese to cooper- India. ate.

298 The Rani (Queen) of Mandi opened The New Indian Bishop the Conference. This was called to pro- THE General Conference of the mote cultural unity among the women Methodist Episcopal Church in of Asia and to place at the service of 1928 empowered the several Central humanity the qualities which are pe- Conferences to elect bishops. culiar to the Orient, to join in an effort to do away with evils that are This was a far-reaching step and in present, to encourage the wider adop- the recent election of J ashwant Rao tion of those elements that have been Chitambar to the episcopacy, India beneficial in the West, and to benefit all by the exchange of experiences honored not only herself but the whole among the countries of the East. In Church. Bishop Chitambar has been her concluding remarks she said: "Let recognized for a long time as one of us disregard customs and traditions the outstanding men of all India. He which have been strangling our do- is recognized by all of the Christian mestic life." forces of India, and by leading non- Christians as one of the outstanding forces for righteousness in all that An Important Indian Conference great country. Look at what the election means to THE Central Indian Conference of the 500,000 Methodists in India. The the Methodist Episcopal Church, Indians will feel, in a very real sense, held at Cawnpore, December 27 to that the Church in India is indeed January 6, was an epoch-making their own church. It will bring new event. First: There was elected their life and hope and determination. In first Indian Bishop, the Rev. Jashwant a more real. sense the Church will R. Chitambar, principal of the Luck- become indigenous. The whole organ- now College. He is widely known in ization will have to be readjusted to India and in America and was the Indian ways-ways that are Buited to Indian delegate to the General Confer- India, the people of India, the reli- ence in the United States a few years gious life and thought of India.

ago. He will reside at Jubbulpore, This step will give the non-Chris- C. P. tians a new concept concerning the Second: A new emphasis was placed Church. They have looked upon by the Conference on the Indian Christianity as a "western" religion Church as the agency for evangeliz- run by "western" men. It has been ing India. Henceforth the chief linked up with the British Empire, emphasis is to be placed on the train- and has been thought of as one of the ing of laymen and of self-supporting agencies of those who were running it.

and church-supported Indian min- In a very real way the Church will isters. make a larger appeal to the great non- Third: The movement toward Christian communities.-DR. BENSON Church union received a strong im- BAKER.

petus. The Conference declared it to be their desire and purpose that there An Indian Laymen's Association A shall be a United Church. METHODIST Laymen's Associa- Fourth: There was a prevailing tion was formed in India on Jan- and increasing passion for a great uary 2 with Prof. E. Ahmad Shah of forward movement in evangelism. Lucknow University as president and Bishop Chitambar was made chair- T. B. Franklyn of Delhi as secretary.

man of the Council on Aggressive The purpose is to bring about closer Evangelism and Dr. E. Stanley Jones fellowship among Methodist laymen of was asked to request the National Southern Asia, to enlist their support Christian Council to launch a wide in church affairs, both social and eco- .

·evangelistic movement similar to those nomic, and to organize similar associa- in China and Japan. tions in every conference and church.

They hope in the near future to draw Indian venture, financed and directed up practical schemes for solving prob- by Indian Christians. In its first year lems affecting the work of the Church of work, the society received an inby infusing a new spirit into the lay- come of only about Rs. 2,500 (about men and leading them to assume a $810). Today its annual income is larger share of responsibility. about Rs. 80,000 coming in small amounts from Indian Christians of all Social Purity in India provinces and all denominations. It carries on work in some of the most H w. BRYANT, general secretary neglected districts, including two • of the Bombay Y. M. C. A., regions where foreign missionaries writes in Young Men of India: have no access. One of these is Nepal on the borders of which the society "All workers among young men started two years ago a medical misrealize how terrible are the conse- sion which is meeting with much enquence,s of lax morals in an Eastern couragement and success.-Christian city. The problem confronting the Century. Y. M. C. A. is how to counteract the evil influences, to educate public opin- CHINA ion, and to secure acceptance of a single standard of morality. In 1923 A False Educational Policy the Vigilance Association was formed, and after a survey a definite policy THE reply of the Chinese ministry was outlined, one of the objects being of education to the united appeal a suppression of brothels. Now after of all Christian bodies for a repeal of seven years' work, the Government the restrictions upon religious educaintroduced a bill not only to suppress tion and worship in Christian schools brothels, but to make it an offence for closed with this sentence, "This is anyone to live on the earnings of final; let the matter be accepted by prostitution." all as settled." In a communication to the North China Daily N eW8 of An All-India Vigilance Association Shanghai, Dr. John C. Ferguson says, has been formed with local associa- "May I bl' allowed to remind the Mintions at Rangoon, Colombo, Calcutta, istry that no question is ever settled Madras and Bombay. It is hoped that until it is ~ettled right." the movement will spread widely and that it will be possible to agitate for Dr. Ferguson was the first president All-India legislation on this matter. of the University of Nanking. He founded and was for over 30 years the Indian Missionary Society Jubilee chief owner of the Sin Wan Pao, Shanghai, a Chinese daily newspaper THE NATIONAL MISSIONARY with the largest circualtion in China. SOCIETY of India, recently cele- He was advisor to the National Govbrated its silver jubilee at Allahabad. ernment for a long period. Twenty-five years ago a group of earnest Indian Christians organized The letter, with a Chinese translathis society as an interdenominational tion, has been given wide private cireffort for evangelizing the areas of culation by Dr. Ferguson who states India, not yet reached by any Chris- that he would go beyond the petition tian agency. While the content of the of the churches and permit all private phrase "unoccupied areas" has been schools to establish their own rules extended and enriched, the National as to religious instruction and reli- Missionary Society has still as its main gious exercises. objective evangelizing some of the most neglected parts of India. What Naturally the author distinguishes makes this society distinctive among between schools maintained at public all other missionary societies working expense and others. Religious liberty in India is the fact that it is a purely requires that parents who wish to send their children to Christian

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

schools should be allowed to do so. Dr. and social welfare literature which Ferguson's seconrl point is that sound uses a vocabulary compl'ehellsible by educational policy will permit full the lIew literates. freedom of experimentation in private schools. The action of the Govern- Kiangsu Self-Support ment will imperil the support of westerners in Chinese projects. The A SPECIAL meeting of the Synod decrease of interest in China's wel- of Kiangsu (Protestant Episcopal fare among many former friends, Missionary district of Shanghai) was which has been noticeable during the held at St. John's University to conlast three years, has been due to the sider self-support. The Chinese clergy attitude of the Government toward and laity are heartily behind this private schools and other philanthropic movement and passed resolutions proenterprises more than to any other viding for a sustentation fund to single cause." which all parishes will contribute. "The aim shall be to increase the local General Education Movement church income until such time as help from abroad shall be unnecessary." THE Mass Education Movement in The standing committee is to admin- China having demonstrated the ister the ·sustentation fund, deciding on the amount and nature of the suppracticability of adult education by port to be given to individual congremeans of its I,OOO-character lessons gations and gradually decreasing the and seeing' the efforts for the wiping grants-in-aid to stimulate self-support. out of illiteracy going ahead irresistibly, has moved its headquarters to Missions and Communism Tinghsien, a city about 100 miles southwest of Peiping. A staff of THE Liebenzell Mission in Hunan, workers under Dr. Jame·s Y. C. Yen China, has suffered severely from is seeking to learn by the laboratory the terrorism of the communists. method and to demonstrate methods Their stations were plundered and set for the enlargement and enrichment on fire, their gardens were desolated of the lives of the masses of the and Bibles and Christian books were people. trodden upon and torn. The mission- aries were obliged to take flight. Special interest in the project is Missionary Seliger in Siang-Siang being shown by Christian Missions. writes: "The communists consider The American Board and the Ameri- the Christian missions to be their can Presbyterians are within Ting worst opponents. For this reason they County. The work of Hugh Hubbard are trying to exterminate them. A is the outstanding piece of literacy number of missionaries have been work done under mission auspices in killed, others have been kept captive China. Mr. Hubbard was released by for long periods and only got free his Board to work for a year under after the payment of huge sums of the National Christian Council in the ransom, generally with their health promotion of mass education within broken down. We all are living here the churches. as it were, at the crater of a volcano."

Literacy leads to a wider reading Basel Missionaries Liberated of the Scriptures and thereby advances the evangelistic work of the MI S S ION A R I E S Walter and missions. The Paotingfu station of Fleischle have been released the American Board in the last six from the long captivity in which they years has had 30,000 students of all had been held for nearly sixteen ages enrolled in mass ~ducation months in the government of Fungclasses. In that same period, member- shun, in the mountains between ship in the churches has increased 70 Kayintshu and Swatow where comper cent. The work is being paralleled by the production of Christian

munistic bandits had held them. Their been much said about Marxism, So- capture by the bandits gave rise to cialism and the necessity of develop- many questions concerning the pay- ing civilization by the will, this year ment of ransom. The missionaries the students are urging dependence declared against the payment and upon spiritual forces. The depression even their families had heroically sec- so keenly felt in Japan is probably to onded this advice. There was no other some extent responsible for this recourse than that of prayer which change. On the other hand the King- arose incessantly to the throne of God. dom of God Movement is having a At last Government soldiers brought wholesome influence.-The Messenger.

them back, after enduring endless hardships and suffering from illness The Kingdom of God Newspaper A and insufficient food. The Chinese N ILLUSTRATED paper with this title is issued weekly in Japan, official did all in his power to help them recuperate. for a halfpenny. Although this in- PioneeJling in Chinese Turkestan volves a considerable loss, at this price it can make its way everywhere, and LAST winter H. F. Ridley took a has an enormous circulation. Chris- journey from his station in Urum- tians and inquirers in Tsukishima, a tsi or Sinkiang to Kashgar and back, district of Tokyo, go forth to sell the making the circuit of the Takla-Makan paper and find purchasers in the Desert-a feat performed by only two streets and shops. Children rush to other Europeans, Sir Aurel Stein and it for their own page. Miss Henty Sven Hedin. The purpose of Mr. writes of one reader: Ridley's trip was to visit the cities on She had not even a farthing. the edge of this desert and to pro- She looked poor, ill, and disappointed, claim to them by word of mouth and so the seller gave her the paper. through the printed page the "glad Ever since that night she has come tidings of great joy." The journey regularly to our meetings. We inwas made in 111 stages, and Mr. troduced her to the free clinic at Ridley was received with kindness St. Luke',s Hospital, and she is getting everywhere. The tracts and Gospel stronger. The Kingdom of God Newsportions were bought and read with paper brought a message she half keen interest. What a tremendous learned long ago; she believed, and task lies before us in the occupation of is now trusting everything to Christ. those cities for Christ-what an oppor- She has brought her brother-in-law tunity! Who will go out to these cities to the meetings, and he too is now and strengthen the hands of those earnestly studying.-Church Mission- who have for many years borne the ary Outlook. burden and are even now pioneering in this new world? Who will hear this Votes for Women call, take up this challenge and go out to this unoccupied field-Spend and A BILL introduced in the Japanese be spent in His Service?-Friends of Diet by the Hamaguchi Govern- Moslems, China. ment indicated it was prepared to give the women of Japan a small taste of JAPAN-CHOSEN political power, the right to vote in Changing Student Thought municipal elections. The sample was accompanied by the implicit promise I N AN annual all Japan High School that if it were taken with no ill effects, oratorical contest held in Osaka in within a few years the full feast of November, the speakers revealed politics, equal rights with men to vote something of the change in the and to hold office, should be spread thought life of the students. Where- before the 15,500,000 female subjects as in the past years there has always of the Mikado.

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The Y. M. C. A. and Golgotha bers, not including the 1,000 students AT THE recent jubilee of the Tokyo in school and college associations. Association, Dr. Toyohiko Kag- Upon being a·sked what are the chief awa, the well-known author and Christian social reformer, made a vig- problems of the cities, the Osaka staff orous and inspiring speech on his con- replied: "Communism, unemployment, ception of what the Y. M. C. A. should cafes, bars (old American style), lack be. He said that he would like it to of lay Christian leadership, lack of go out in the villages and help the stewardship among Christians, lack of Japanese peasants to fight for a better church work for boys, and lack of eflife. He warned the association fort by church members to Christian- ize the city."

against institutionalism: "A building AJobnry College Team in Chosen may seem necessary to you," he said, "but to have a building you must bow A GOSPEL TEAM of three young your heads and ask money from rich men is touring the Orient. It is capitalists and there comes the weak- called "The Asbury College Foreign ness." He urged the association to Missionary Team" and is composed of return to the spirit which promllted Messrs. V. Kirkpatrick, Byron Crouse its founder, the spirit which was in- and Eugene Erny. Their headdeed the spirit of Christ: "Let us quarters are at 4961 Lemon Grove forever hold on to the spirit of the Ave., Los Angeles, California. While young Man Christ, Who at the age of the team comes from a Methodist thirty-three breathed His last on Gol- college the work is nondenominationgotha. . .. The mission of the Y. M. al, undertaken by faith, with large C. A. is to revive such young man- dependence on prayer. A letter from Dr. James Hirst of Chosen says that hood." their visit to Seoul last October was Communism and the "Y" very fruitful and that they were warmly received. The report says: GEORGE GLEASON, Y. M. C. A. "The meetings in Seoul were union secretary, reports a growing fear meetings of all denominations and of communism in every large city of each night one of the native pastors Japan. With over a half-million peo- presided. There was a fine spirit of ple out of employment, with hundreds unity and cooperation throughout.

shelterless, sleeping at night in city Great crowds came and filled the large parks, with more than 50 per cent of tent that the evangelists took with the university and college graduates them and they started singing fifteen of the last two years unable to find or twenty minutes before the meeting jobs, Japan, like China, is proving a began. Much was made of Gospel ripe field for Russian propaganda. music and one of the team played a Many Japanese students and laborers trombone. Crowds came who could are seriously suggesting that the over- not get into the tent but stood outside turn of the present society is the and listened. For ten days there were quickest road to economic betterment early morning services devoted to for the common people. The Govern- prayer and Bible study and the eve- ment, even army officers, are looking to ning services were for non-Christians.

Christianity as the most promising Large numbers came forward as in- antidote. Grave problems confront quirers and some who were said to be the nation. Educational processes are demon possessed were cured. Many not sufficiently creative. The people Koreans walked for ten miles to attend are poor, discouraged. the services and some slept all night In the larger cities the Y. M. C. A. on the floor so as to be on time for the has a strong hold. Tokyo has a six- 5 a. m. service."

story building and 3,000 members; in The team works in some places in Osaka, a new building and 1,200 mem- cooperation with the Oriental Mission-

ary Society. They came to Korea Methodist Church back of the Y. M. from meetings in China and Japan C. A. every Sunday. Do you rememand held campaigns for four months ber that picture of Christ for which in Chosen. From there they went to I asked you? I have that in my room Manchuria and North China and plan at home, and it is a constant help to to proceed to the Philippines, India, me.' Here was something definite in Egypt, Palestine, Europe and Great the way of results. One young man Britain. Their one purpose, as stated, like that won for Christ each year is "to preach the Gospel of Christ to during my week in the Hospital would those who are hungry for the Words be worth while." of Life." ROSCOE E. COEN.

Seed by the Wayside ISLANDS OF THE SEA "AT THE opening night of a district Bibles for Northwest Australia Bible class for men I was cor- THE publication of new versions of dially greeted by a middle-aged man Scripture shows no signs of failwhose face looked familiar to me, but ing. The 636th langauge on the list whom I did not know. Seeing my puz- is Worrora, spoken near Broome in zled look, the man said, 'Don't you re- Northwest Australia. Though the peomember me? I am the man who rode ple only number 300, their language in the public automobile with you be- is understood by other tribes living tween Soowon and Kimyang about a to the south, east and northeast of year ago.' Like a flash, I remembered. them, and also by a smaller tribe called Upon that occasion he had told me Yaujibai living on the Montgomery that he was a Seventh-day Adventist Islands. In all there are only about a and had asked me to explain to him thousand people who speak Worrora; why we Presbyerians kept Sunday in- yet for these thousand Australian stead of the Sabbath, for our day of aborigines the Bible Society has pubrest and worship. I had told him lished a Gospel. The least significant simply and briefly for I had no desire member of the human family is a child to argue with him c·oncerning. his be- of God, and has a divine right to those lief. But 10! here he was beaming Holy Scriptures which are committed with joy at meeting me again, and to our trust. The Worrora language intending to remain a week to study is evidently most complicated, having at this Bible class. no fewer than 171 forms of the verb "to be." The translation has been "For two years now I have given one made by the Rev. J. R. B. Love, of the week in January to special evangelistic Port George IV Presbyterian Mission, work among the Korean patients in Northwest Australia, by three Worrothe Severance Hospital in Seoul. The ra men: Nyimundum, Barungga and results are not always apparent. Wond6onmoia. Apart from the comfort given, one often wonders just what definite re- Here is one verse in the new transsults he has obtained. When I was lation-Mark 3: 35 : unusually depressed by the query re- Gehwoonya aua picha wondi-ehwu garding results, I left the hospital to ngumma God koonjiri, aia ngauomali, go home on the street car. It was ngauomalinya, karunya. nearly empty and before I could sit down, a young man rose, took my -Bible in the World. hand and asked, 'Are you not Mr. Coen?' I confessed my identity, say- Protecting Formosan Morals ing, 'Yes. But who are you?' "pUBLIC DANCING," reads a re- .. 'Don't you remember me? I am cent decision by the Department Mr. So-and-so who was at Severance Hospital last year. I now attend the of Social Affairs of the Japanese Colonial Administration, "is an im- moral pastime, and should not be en-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

couraged among the youth of For- dancing partners, being amateurs, mosa." paid nothing.-EDGAR SNOW, "The "Indulgence in such an exhibition," Consolidated Press" in China Weekly this document continues, "tends to Review.

excite the young men and women thus brought into unaccustomed proximity, Filipinizing Missions T and arouses the wrong sort of pas- HE Presbyterian Mission met in Manila, in November and out of sions. Moreover, it has been 'proved that dancing is an unhealthful form of 65 missionaries, 34 attended the meet- entertainment, since it causes loss of ing, representing all of their ten sta- sleep and leads to drinking and gen- tions and the International Leper eral carousing. The practice of per- Mission of Culion. Filipinization is a mitting waitresses and young girls subject no mission in these islands hired for the purpose, to act as danc- can long evade, even if it desires. It ing partners in teahouses and caba- was voted to have Filipino physicians rets, has been found to cultivate arti- assist the American doctor in charge ficial and unwholesome social contacts. of each of the four Presbyterian hos- "For these reasons the Government pitals, instead of having a second mis- has decided to p 'ohibit dancing in all sionary doctor in each. One Filipino, public places, including hotels, tea- Rev. Leonardo G. Dia, was appointed houses, restaurants, cabarets and bars. with three missionaries to represent In private gatherings where guests the Philippine churches at the de- wish to indulge in dancing, a permit centennial conference of the Pres- must first be secured from the Depart- byterian Board of Missions and ment of Social Affairs." representatives of national churches, Proprietors of local eating and to be held in America in June, 1931.

drinking establishments are much dis- A program of withdrawal of mission turbed by the ruling. Their prosperity funds, at the rate of ten per cent a in the past has been due largely to year, was worked out for the Manila the novel "night life" which they of- Conference, the funds thus released fered to students and young bloods of to go into new work, and the whole Formosa interested in becoming so- project to be administered by the mis- phisticated. Their chief attractions sion and the churches cooperatively.

were the young Japanese and Chinese girls employed to act as companions in Progress in Dutch New Guinea O wine, song and dance. UTSIDE of the Batak Counties in Despite opposition, the prohibition Central Sumatra, the progress of remains. Dancing is taboo in For- Christianity is most marked in Dutch mosa. Even a group of foreigners, New Guinea. From the Sea of Sen- including some quasi-diplomats, who tani in the extreme east to the Gulf of wished to give a dance at the only McCluer in the west, a great move- European hotel on the island, have ment has set in among the natives been refused a permit. No restric- along the coast and also on the islands.

tions, however, have as yet been placed The number of missionaries (the upon the patronage of Chinese sing- Dutch Society, Utrecht Mission Un- song girls and Japanese geisha. Re- ion), as well as of. native teachers sorts operated by hundreds of young must be increased considerably in the ladies in this ancient profession ap- near future if the harvest which has parently are regarded with official been hoped for so long is to be brought equanimity. It has been suggested in. This mission which was carried that the Government may have been on in tears for so many years, cele- somewhat influenced in its decision by brated its 75th anniversary last sum- the fact that geisha and sing-song mer with much rejoicing over this girls pay a fat license as "trained great blessing which has at last entertainers"-whereas the teahouse crowned its labors.

5

Earthquake in New Zealand in many fields, where local support has AN EARTHQUAKE on February 3, failed. In many of the drought- 1"1. accompanied by landslides, tidal stricken churches, ministers have re- ceived only a small part of the salaries waves, and fire, claimed a large toll of promised them locally. lives and caused immense property damage in the seaport of Napier and Loyalty Crusades a surrounding area of hundreds of square miles, in New Zealand. Fire LAST year throughout the Presbyprevented rescuers from saving those terian Church, U. S. A., there was who might have been alive in the a net los·s in membership of 20,359. houses that had collapsed; and as the Of the six largest presbyteries in the tremors c·ontinued, the government Assembly, Chicago was the only one ordered a complete evacuation of the that did not show a loss. It is sigcity. Refugees fled to the south as nificant that of the eight presbyteries fast as disrupted roads and debris showing net gains nearly aU of them from landslides permitted. Not a have within recent years had some stone building was left standing in kind of Loyalty Campaign, and in Napier, a town of nearly 20,000. This nearly every case a campaign for is the wor·st disaster in the history of Presbytery Extension work. Appar- New Zealand, and Red Cross officials ently these organized campaigns for place the number of dead above one the progress of the whole work in thousand. the Presbytery quicken the efforts NORTH AMERICA along spiritual and evangelistic Jines. ~The Presbyterian Advance.

Help for National Mission Churches 1'HERE is danger that the financial Fifty Years of Christian Endeavor distress in America will mean great loss to the Gospel ministry and THE fiftieth anniversary of the the closing of churches in the United first Society of Christian Endeavor was celebrated in Bo-ston on January States. Dr. E. Graham Wilson, of 28. The movement has helped to de- New York, general secretary of the velop strong lives in the past, as was Presbyterian Board of National Mis- proved by an appreciative telegram sions, states that the income of th~ from a former Endeavorer, President Board "will probably suffer a loss this Herbert Hoover, and by personal testi- fiscal year, ending March 31, of over mony Of ex-Gov. Alvin T. Fuller, $150,000 which threatens the employ- former president of a Malden C. E.

ment of 200 ministers. One of the Society. Mrs. F, E. Clark, received missionaries in the Ozarks writes: expressions of grateful affection from "My bank, the largest in the State, young people all over the world, both failed and closed its doors. My for her own sake and for her husband, month's salary was there; also my "Father Endeavor Clark." The mes- wife's savings. What the churches sage of Prof. Amos R. Wells, recorded of drought-stricken Arkansas are to "Fifty Years in Verse." President do I do not know. In many of our Dan Poling described the four restless small churches everything has liter- boys on the front seat, of whom he ally burned up. Since August 1, more was one, who decades ago joined a than 95 banks in this area have closed. Junior C. E. on the Pacific Coast. He Many of our best men are ruined. I also gave an account of the world con- am going day and night trying to keep vention, held in Germany last summer, up the morale. What we shall do where national feuds were at last for- until the people can raise another g·otten, and the fIag-s of forty-two nacrop, I do not know." tions were waved together and youths became the ardent standardbearers of The Board has been called upon to former foes. give additional supplemental grants

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Protestant l:pbcopal Finances C. M. Yocum, head of Foreign De- partment; Jesse M. Bader, head of THE Domestic and Foreign Mis- Home Department; Roy G. Ross, head sionary Society closed the year of Religious Education Department: with a balance on the right side .of the Mrs. Aida R. Teachout, head of Misledger to help meet the budget for sionary Organizations Department: Miss this year. Joy Taylor, head of Missionary Educa- tion Department: F. M. Rogers, head of Out of $2,910,484 estimated budget Benevolence Department: John H. there was collected $2,884,420, or Booth, head of Church Erection Depart- 99.1%. ment: C. O. Hawley, head of Promo- tional Department. Out of ninety-eight dioceses and missionary dist.ricts, thirty-eight paid These, with associates, were elected 100% of their quotas and seventy-four paid 100% Or over of what they noti- for a period of four years in accordfied the N aHonal Council to expect. ance with the provision in the revised constitution.

Unofficial Ambassadors The president and two vice-presi- dents of the Society were elected at "THE Unofficial Ambassadors" from the Washington Convention for the foreign lands to America are the four-year period.-Stephen J. Corey, as president, I. J. Cahill, first vice- 10,478 young students who have come president, and Miss Mary Campbell, to the United States in pursuit of -second vice-president. higher education. Canada supplied 1,410, with China next highest, con- tributing 1,336. Japan is third with Training for Alaskans 1,004, while our Philippines sent 905. The South American republics have T HREE young men, graduates of sent some 4,000, studying engineering the Sheldon Jackson School, Alasand commerCe. A large number take ka, met with Rev. Jackson L. Webster, theological courses and 237 are listed missionary to Sitka, recently to oras at Harvard. The University of ganize the first sch'Ool for native re- California is instructing 595 and New ligious workers in the territory. The York University 611. Institutions in purpose of the school is to train Sunevery state in the union are shown to day-school superintendents, interprethave students from afar. This should ers, native helpers and ministers who make the "unofficial ambassadors" will take charge of native churches. qualified to represent America fairly The course includes a study of the when they return home, if they make Bible, pastoral work and preaching. right Christian contacts while here. After two or three years the men so The Committee on Friendly Relations trained will come before Presbytery among Foreign Students (347 Madi- for examination and if found qualified son Ave., New York), is doing much for a full theological course will be in this direction. given a scholarship in the States.

The Secretaries Elected Negroes after E:mancipation T HE United Christian Missionary ON JANUARY 1, Negroes through- Society at the Washington Conven- out the United States held tion, was given a revised Constitu- exercises commemorating the Bixtytion and as a result the Executive eighth anniversary of Lincoln's Eman- Committee of the Society, at its meet- cipation Proclamation. Most signifiing on November 11, elected treasurer, cant of all the progress noted was recorder and secretaries. C. W. that in education. In 1860, nine- Plopper was reelected treasurer and tenths of the Negro population was Miss Hazel Scott, recorder. The sec- illiterate. Twenty years later only retaries elected to Berve in the va- thirty per cent could read and write. rious departments are: In 1931, ninety per cent are literate,

the illiterate 10 per cent residing LATIN AMERICA largely in the southern states. In less than the proverbial three score and Earthquake in Mexico ten years more than 10,000 Negroes have been graduated from universities AVIOLENT earthquake in Oaxaca, and colleges. The degree of doctor of with less extreme tremors in Mexphilosophy has been conferred on more ico City, was reported in the daily than thirty. The number to receive press, January 14th. the degree of master of arts is increasing yearly. Of the ·sixty-eight The state of Oaxaca is in the south- Negroe colleges and universities all western part of Mexico and is a but four are under religious denom- mountainous region, populated chiefly inational control. Some 50,000 Ne- by Mixteco and Zapateco Indians. The groes are engaged in the profession capital city has a population of about of teaching. The Bible and the church 50,000. The responsibility for evanwere the pioneers in producing this gelistic work under the Presbyterian result.-Tuskegee Messenger. Board, was turned over to the native leaders in Oaxaca City in 1929. One Westminster College, Utah Presbyterian missionary, Miss Ethel R. Doctor, remained in the city to help DEFINITE steps are being taken in the work of Christian women there, to make Westminster College, and an affiliated missionary, Mr. Utah, an interdenominational institu- Verne Bruce, is carrying on pioneer tion, as it has been for some years work among the Indians in Yatzachi, with respect to its working policy. about 100 miles from Oaxaca city. Some fifteen years ago representative·s of other denominations were placed Miss Doctor reported that condion the board of trustees. tions were very grave. The Oaxaca c h u r c h building and manse are Westminster is Utah's only institu- ruined; Miss Doctor's rented house is tion of college grade not under Mor- uninhabitable, but the property in mon control, with the exception of a Yatzachi is not badly damaged. Rev. small Roman Catholic college for wom- W. L. Miller, a missionary from Mexen. In a state like Utah, where the ico City, visiting Yatzachi at the time Mormon population is overwhelming of the earthquake, reports that propand there are only a few thousand erties in the city and valley of Oaxaca evangelical Christians of all kinds, it in wide areas are in ruins, and that would be folly to attempt to build up it will take a long time for the city various denominational colleges. On and state to recover. the other hand, there is vital need of one strong, standard, evangelical, Mr. Van Slyke wrote on Jan. 18th: Christian college. Westminster has "One of the effects will be on the selfwon the respect of both Mormons and support of the churches. With this Gentiles as a standard educational in- 'quake added to the bad times, selfstitution of its type and it has ren- support will be still more reduced. dered tremendous service to the Our whole church is passing through Christian cause in that state. For a real testing in this sense. But we years Methodists, Baptists, Congrega- have much to be thankful for in that tionalists, Disciples and Episcopalians none of our missionaries were hurt have cooperated with Presbyterians at and no workers were lost."-W. Reg- Westminster College, though under inald Wheeler. the form of organization they had to be formally elected by the Synod of Agitation in Brazil Utah. SINCE the new provisional govern- ment of Brazil has announced its intention of rewriting the Constitu- tion, the officials of the Roman Catho- lic Church have been actively cam- paigning in favor of what they term

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

a minimum program of Catholic ac- tory, should be developed as extensively tion. This program demands that the as possible. It is planned to make this new Constitution bear the statement experiment in a lowland section of that it is written in the name of God; Central America during this year over that the Catholic Church is the State sixteen thousand square miles of un- Church of Brazil; that it make a re- evangelized territory. Missionaries ligious marriage ceremony compul- and native workers will be located by sory; and that the Catholic faith be plane at strategic points along the taught in the State Schools. rivers and lakes where they can es- The clergy are conducting a vigor- tablish themselves and begin work ous campaign from the pulpit while among the Spanish-speaking peoples Roman Catholic laymen are busy and semi-civilized Indians. An out- through newspapers and committees. post will be opened up among a wild This activity has set up counter ac- tribe. The airplane will serve to carry tivities on the part of non-Catholics. supplies to the missionaries and to The Roman Catholic campaign is succor them in case of illness or other being carried on throughout Brazil, emergencies.-Christ Life.

but there is small probability that the agitation will succeed in reestablish- Church Conflict in Venezuela ing a state church in Brazil. AMISSIONARY writes: "There have been various points of dif- Rebellion in Pern ferance between the Government and the authorities of the Roman Catholic SOUTHERN rebels in Peru recently Church in Venezuela. The crisis was seized the city of Arequipa and precipitated by the expulsion of the have set up an independent govern- Bishop of Valencia for his refusal to ment under the name of "Southern withdraw his published statements Junta." The troops garrisoned at against the validity of civil marriage. Cuzco have joined the revolution. The The hierarchy demanded his return Arequipa forces are said to have re- but the civil authorities refused perbelled because the provisional Presi- mission until he should retract. While dent, Lius Sanchez Cerro, has fliiled the church is not a state church in the to carry out the principles of his true sense of the term, she is subsimanifesto, in which he promised the dized by the Government, and in this constitutional election of a president.

The Protestant missions in Peru in- way is very effectively controlled. Folclude the Evangelical Union of South lowing the episode of the Bishop of America at Arequipa, Calea,' Cuzco Valencia the Government decreed that and Lima; the Free Church of Scot- only Venezuelan priests could be re- land at Cajamarca and Lima; the cipients of government subsidies, and Methodist Episcopal Church at Huan- that all foreign priests must either coyo and Lima-also the Salvation nationalize or give up their parishes.

Army, Seventh-Day A d ve n t i 's t s, In order to enforce this regulation an Church of the Nazarene, Y. M. C. A. earlier law was 'made effective for- and independents. bidding the entrance of foreign clergy without special permission from the Tile Gospel by Airplane Department of the Interior.

PLANS are under way to use the Although directed at the clergy of airplane to carry the Gospel to the the Roman Catholic Church, Evanthousands of wild Indians in the heart gelical (Protestant) foreign mission- of South America. A number of aries are also affected. The "Law of Christian leaders have become inter- Foreigners" does not unconditionally ested and feel that the plan .should be forbid the entrance of foreign clergy, tried on a small scale in some favor- but does state that special permission able territory, and, if found satisfac- shall be secured in each case. The

missionaries of the Protestant Mis- self, then the French mission fields, sion Boards have complied with the where the knowledge of French is inlaw and have not become involved in creasing greatly. They are now shippolitics. It is hoped that the Govern- ping to Istanbul several hundreas of ment will give the special permission French Bibles and New Testaments, in each case for the return of an or- ordered by the American Bible Sodained foreign missionary, and that a ciety for the Near East. solution may be reached along the lines already put into effect in Mexico Dutch Auto-Mission and in other Latin American countries. AN EVANGELICAL auto-mission EUROPE has recently been started in Hol- land. The Rev. Van der Zee, Re- Religious Interest in Gerlllany formed, preacher in Amsterdam-West, is the president and Mr. D. Schot- AT A recent meeting of the Pres- vanger, 32 de Ruiterweg, Amsterdam, byterian Alliance in Edinburgh, the secretary. The object of the So- Prof. Hugh Mackintosh reported that ciety, which has already been in oper- Germany seems ripe for a religious re- ation some time, is to tour the Nethvival. This is evidenced by three erlands with an evangelical auto. things: (1) Germany has suffered During the ,summer it arranges meetfor past sins and has been humbled so ings in the open air and during the that there is no self-sufficiency left. winter months indoor meetings at (2) The rationalistic theology has which lantern slides are shown. The proved ineffective and the people are van has visited several cities in the turning to a simpler faith in God and Netherlands and everywhere has met His Word. (3) Positive notes of with great success. Christian faith on a sound basis has been sounded forth by German re- ANew Mission Society ligious leaders. T HE Evangelical Czech Church in New Mi••ion Problems in Paris Czecho-Slovakia has recently or- ganized its own mission society, which EUROPEAN mission periodicals call will for the present work in coopera- attention to the fact that the task tion with the Evangelical Mission of of foreign missions in many instances France. is undergoing a new orientation. The most recent example is that of the Morals in Italy North Africans, mostly Kabyls who are coming in such numbers to France POP& Pius X in a Lenten address, that already there are 110,000 of them caIls attention to present conditions • there. The Kabyls Mission of Djemaa in Rome which, he says, are extremely Sarij has been working for the last immoral. He especially condemns "the 50 years among these Berbers in the immoral press which is indecent and Atlas region. Now it is ,seeking its sacrilegious to an extreme degree. objects in the streets of Paris and is Similarly the motion picture shows there carrying on a toilsome, although and vaudeville are often unspeakably not hopeless, work in trying to protect offensive to morals. The profanation these brown Africans from the dan- of the Sabbath (including Sunday milgers of the modern city and to bring itary drill for students ) is practiced them the Gospel. on an extensive scale. The toleration of such evils is contrary to Christian French Bible Distribution teaching and to the promises of the Italian Government." T HE French Bible Society during the year 1929, distributed 1,909 The Pope also protests against the Bibles, 4,624 New Testaments and 4,- way in which the Italian Government 179 parts. The field is first France it- permits Protestants to continue their propaganda in Italy.

lfi31] WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Russia Wireless Propaganda reduced, forcing eventual self-support; in France the work will be liquidated T HE Russian Radio, which is lately and members will be urged to join sending out international trans- other Protestant Churches; in Italy missions in several European lan- appropriations will be reduced and guages, will extend the,se transmis- congregations urged to attain self-supsions on a larger scale. According to port or affiliate with other Protestant the scheme of the Soviet Government, groups; in Jugoslavia support of the there will be erected eleven radio sta- work will be turned over to the Methtions each of 100 Kilowatt and 38 odists of Switzerland; in Bulgaria, smaller stations of 10 Kilowatt each. church members will be asked to At Moscow it is proposed to build a unite with the Congregationalists; and radio station of 500 Kilowatt, as well in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, as a relay station for the ,short wave American Methodist churches are givof 60 Kilowatt. The cost of the entire en six, seven and eight years respecbuilding group will come to about 90 tively in which to prepare for a total million rubels. withdrawal of financial subsidy. It is predicted that all American Methodist "Foreign Mllssions" to Lutherans! bishops will eventually be withdrawn from Europe. Lutherans are quite THE Lutheran News Bulletin of strong enough to care for the work in New York publishes the following Scandinavian countries. In Sweden, remonstrance: "Lutherans heard with there are 6,051,000 Lutherans, and 16,- disgust and' indignation, the news 475 Methodists; in Norway, 2,596,- some ten years ago of the inclusion 917 Lutherans, and 7,567 Methodists; by a large southern Protestant denom- in Denmark, 3,364,500 Lutherans, and ination in a special compaign budget 4,201 Methodists. of an item of seven million dollars to "preach the Gospel to the benighted Church of the Czech Brethren Lutherans of Europe." This denomination was not the only one which T HE strong religious movement of appropriated money in those times of the past eight years in Czechoprosperity for missionary activities in Slovakia has abated but has not Christian land!? Lutherans in Europe ceased. Thousands of new members have had cause to complain of the lack are still joining the Czech Brethren of Christian brotherliness shown by every year-3,720 last year and 104,- the zealous missionaries of several 000 in the last eight Years. Member- American denominations, particularly ship has doubled since 1920. They the Baptists, Method1sts, Congrega- have 110 full charges and 373 preachtionalists, Presbyterians and Quakers. ing places, and have to leave many calls unheeded for lack of minister·s The Board of Foreign Missions of and money. They have only 120 pasthe Methodist Episcopal Church, has tors, and the fine theological faculty reluctantly been forced by a decreased in Prague cannot equip men quickly income to abandon some of its For- or numerously enough for the need, eign Mission work. A three hundred even with assistance from their misthousand dollar cut in appropriations sion school at Olomouc. And the need for overseas work calls for withdrawal with regard to places of worship is as from South Fukien Province, China, great. Since 1920 they have built 50 for turning over Methodist work in churches-whereby they groan under Burma to the Baptists; in Costa Rica an unbearable weight of debt-but to the Methodist Church in Mexico; still more urgently need at least 30 in Panama to an interdenominational more. Each congregation has more Committee on Religio~s Work and in than enough to do to keep going, and North Africa reduction of the work the will to self-sacrifice on behalf of among Moslems. In Europe, the most others in need tortures them all. drastic cuts will be made. In Germany, appropriations to conferences will be

Should they then refuse to receive and church affairs are regulated ac- people for whom they cannot provide cording to a constitution printed in into their Church? Preaching, Sun- Thorn in 1637.

day-schools, youth work, etc., are in Lithuania is a strongly Roman strong activity in the Reformed Catholic country, where the Roman Churches of Czecho-Slovakia, and Catholic Church is being more and there is a rising missionary sense in more powerfully organized. The Cath- the church. They hope soon to have olic Church is striving to control all a place in the Foreign Missionary en- branches of national life, and has suc- terprise. They have also philanthrop- ceeded in this (except in politics) ic works-four orphanages, old folks' during the last four years. There are home, girls' institute, etc.-Mr. Prud- few cases of conversion to the Roman ky, in the Quarterly Register of the Catholic Church, while about a hun- Alliance of Reformed Churches. dred a year come over to the Re- Atheism Taught in Russi.. formed Church from Rome. Among the Catholic populati{)n there is a APOWERFUL drive has been di- strong inclination towards the Gospel, rected against religion by the fac- and the educated Catholics, especially ulty of the anti-religious department in the capital, Kaunas, show much of the Historical-Linguistic Institute sympathy to the Reformed Church- of the Leningrad State university and Pastor Jakabenas, in the Quarterly of the Workers' Atheistic university Register of the Alliance of Reformed in the same city. Professors teach the Churches.

best methods for undermining popular belief in Christ and Christmas. The AFRIOA students disperse to their homes in Barber Shop Missions A various parts of Russia and use the N EVANGELIST in Egypt writes, occasion for an active educational cam- in The Moslem World, of his ex- paign against the Christmas idea. periences distributing the Bible in They try to show that the Christmas Cairo. He usualy meets a good re- legend is founded upon a myth, and ception in barber shops, where people that the Christmas idea is supersti- sit waiting. Even if the barber does tion which should be eradicated from not read himself, he often buys a copy the popular mind. This scientific ex- and leaves it f.or his customers.

planation is said to be based largely In one such shop, which was actual- upon the book of Arthur Drews, "The ly more like a club, the hairdresser Christus Myth," which appeared in produced a well-worn copy of St.

Germany some twenty or more years Luke's Gospel. It was a favorite prac- ago.-George M. Day. tice in that shop, he said, for one man Protestants in Lithuania to read aloud a story from the Gospel to the rest of the group. A shiekh THE Reformed Church of Lithu- who came to get his hair cut had told ania, which in the sixteenth cen- them they were infidels and tried to tury was a flourishing Church em- stop them, but they continued. Here bracing the whole Lithuanian nation, waa a Bible class, regularly held by is now only a small remnant of what men, who were all Moslems, in a it was. It numbers about 13,000 souls, strong Moslem district where there and is divided into 6 congregations, was no resident missionary.

of from 4,500 to 500 members, and four mission stations. Three of the Bible in Abyssinia T targer congregations are situated close HE new Emperor of Abyssinia is a warm friend of the Bible Society, together; all the others are scattered. The Church was founded under the and has printed St. John's Gospel in direct influence of Calvin, whose spirit two languages-Amharic and GaIla- is "still alive in it. Congregational life on his own private press, not to make

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK Jll3

money, but to help the Society in dis- There is force in the statement of tributing the Scriptures. Mr. T. P. the woman missionary who submitted Beaven; the Society's agent in Abys- the answers of the black boy, that the sinia, states that, on the morning he time may yet come when Africa will called at the palace by appointment at have to send Sunday-school teachers 7 o'clock, he found that the Emperor to teach the youth of America.

had been at work since 6 o'clock. In course of conversation the Emperor Slavery in Liberia T expressed his keen interest in the work HE International Commi,ssion of Inquiry, reporting at Geneva in of the Society, and his delight to be associated with it.-The Ch'l'istian. January, reveals a condition in Liberia scarcely distinguishable from slavery.

Will Africa Evangelize America1 It appears that Vice-President T HE Moody Monthly gives an inter- Yancey, with relatives of President esting comparison of the answers King, was connected with a syndicate given by a modern American boy and which raided villages and with beata native African boy to Bible ques- ing and torture, recruited laborers to tions. The black boy was employed as be shipped to the cocoa plantations of cook to a missionary and had only the Spanish colony of Fernando Po. been six years converted from hea- For each laborer recruited the syndithenism; the. other was a high school cate got' $45 with a bonus of $5,000 boy who had attended Sunday-school for 1,500 laborers. The workers found for ten years in the United States. themselves in virtual slavery, and Here are the questions and answers. rarely were allowed to return home. The "I" represents the answers of the Another common practice discov- American boy; the "2" those of the ered in Liberia was the pawning of individuals-usually children-in re- African boy. turn for a payment of money, the When was the Bible written? pawned persons becoming domestic 1. "After the birth of Cbrist." ,slaves. 2. "Part before and part after Christ. The United States is involved in God told Moses to write the laws and this situation, not only because of its put them in the ark." historic relations with Liberia, but also because the financial control of By whom was the Bible written? the country is in American hands. 1. "Paul." "The twelve apostles." 2. "Good men of long ago chosen by the Holy Spirit."

Who delivered Israel from Egyptian Secretary of State Stimson has sent bondage? several letters to the Liberian Gov- ernment demanding that this slavery 1. "David." be wiped out and that guilty officials 2. HMo~es and Aaron."

How long did Israel wander in the wil- derness? be dismissed. He has secured prom- 1. "Ten years." "Two years." ises of reforms, but these have been 2. "Forty." so qualified that it is doubtful whether Name one Old Testament Prophet. fundamental changes will be made un- 1. "Leviticus." "John the Baptist." 2. "Isaiah." Who was the greatest missionary of all less much greater pressure is exerted on Liberia. time? 1. "David Livingstone." The Firestone Rubber Company is 2. "Paul." said to be involved in the use of forced How are we saved? labor recruited by the government. 1. "By joining the church." "By becoming a member of some house of God." 2. "By faith and acceptance of the Jubilee in Angola blood of Christ shed for us." THE year 1930 marked the 50th an- What is meant by the Christian's hope? niversary of American Board work in Angola. The Jubilee celebration 1. "Everyone can be saved." "The wa·s made the occasion for contrasting hope of being saved." "To live a clean conditions then and now-all except life."

2. "Christ's coming."

the dirt, for missionaries refused to modern scientific methods. Kemal revive that memory. Development of Pasha has ordered that large loud- schools was portrayed-first the evan- speakers be placed on all minarets gelist in a heathen village, then a through the whole of Turkey, connect- school where a Dondi graduate taught ed on to a' central transmission station from a chart hung on a tree. Lights from which the muezzins will broad- were turned on a carpenter shop. As cast their musical cries at regular each department appeared out of the hours. This would do away with the darkness one saw what Dondi School old custom and, if it proves to be true, had done for its hundreds of pupils, would make it possible to hear the call -blacksmithing, tailoring, ,shoemak- all over the country at the same time. ing, building, typing, agriculture, or- gan playing, printing and medicine. Turkey Forward Looking Means School had a similar display. NEW ideas are gaining a hold in Pounding rocks are shown where Turkey. Formerly autocratic dic- women come to pound their corn into tatorship and military force directed meal and to gossip. A Dondi girl, who the country. Today education is being has come with her Dondi graduate emphasized in place of physical force husband to begin work in the village, and Turkey is urged to learn from joins the pounding group and tells Protestant Christian lands. The Mil– them about her school. As she names liyet (Constantinople) says in its is- each kind of work it appears olit of sue of January 7, 1,931: the darkness behind. A symbolic scene follows, Dondi girls lighting their Everybody knows that it is the British lamps at the lamps of faith and knowl- education that sustains the British Em- edge and going out to light others. pire. All supremacies on the earth be- An enormous alabaster cross shone long to the northern nations. The forth, and from the darkness came creative power is seen only in the north- marching boys and girls from both ern energy, not only in their own en- schools singing, as they climbed, "Be- vironments but in foreign environments neath the cross of Jesus I fain would also. take my stand," until all had gathered about the foot of the symbol. The Look at North America. There you climax came in the place where hea- will see a single republic formed by the then women of countless generations northern peoples, whereas South Amer- had wailed their dead in hopeless de- ica is divided into thousands of pieces. , spair, all sang the Hallelujah Chorus Go through Europe from north to south, from the Me,ssiah. All this in fifty and you will see that it is foolishness for years.-S. S. Times. Turkey to enter the Western civilization by the southern gate instead of the Ras Tafari's Gift to Bible Society northern …

RAS TAFARI, recently crowned em- It is pitiful to see in a country like peror of Ethiopia, made a gift of Turkey, which is in such need of culti- $500 and a gold medal to the British vation, almost all educated persons seek- and Foreign Bible Society as an ex- ing the bread of the government because pression of his appreciation of the they cannot find other employment. The work done in his kingdom. Great War and the armistice have left deep traces on our character. We have WESTERN ASIA no patience, and a struggle of five or ten years in life seems to us too long and Muezzins Loudspeakers troublesome. As soon as we finish our education we look for government sal- ACCORDING to the Dutch journal ary. In the school our minds are opened. the Gelderlander, the age old cus- Our p'ower of observation is developed. tom of the call of the muezzins to But we do not learn to sweat. No nation prayer in Turkey, is to give way to can be led into the path of civilization in this way. We need other ways and methods.

New Education ill Turkey THE MinIster of Education has given the following items with re- gard to the schools in Turkey;

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

This year the pupils in the pri- The inhabitants of the desert are nomary schools are over 550,000. In mad sections of the Al Kahir and Al towns and villages 110 new schools Murra tribes who live chiefly on have been built, and 250 new school camels' milk. rooms have been opened. There are 13,700 teachers in these primary The Christian mission stations nearschools, half of whom are graduates est to this part of Arabia are Muscat, of normal schools. in Oman, and Bahrein on the Per·sian Gulf, both occupied by missionaries of There are now 1,624 reading rooms the Reformed Church in America. in the country, for which local governments are buying books and maga- The Go"pel in Per"ia. zines. The Ministry of Education has bought 60,000 books, costing 11,500 WHEN Dr. Carr and Dr. Stuart liras, for these reading rooms. went to Shiraz, Persia, seven years ago to reopen the C. M. S. sta- Visiting teachers have been appoint- tion after it had been closed for some ed for the villages which have no years, they found not a single Chrisschools. We have also arranged for tian left. Today, there are forty-five, movable libraries for the benefit of 17 being converts from Islam. the teachers. Bishop Linton recently spent a week Eight hundred new students have in Shiraz, and describes a visit to a been admitted to the normal school mountain village, 30 miles away. "Forthis year. merly, preaching and medical work were carried on amid uproar and tu- Last year 622 pupils were gradu- mult, and with a good deal of personal ated from the Lycees, and 3,559 from risk. One night they had a meeting the secondary schools. for converts and inquirers after the general lantern meeting, lasting till A specialist has been called from after midnight, and at 1 a. m., three Germany to reorganize our technical converts were' baptized bringing the schools. For the Industrial School 12 number of Christians in the village to teacher·s will come from Austria.- five. Very different are conditions Translated from Politika. now. When our car arrived at the foot of the hill a stream of people Over the Arabian Desert came out to meet us. We made our way to the house of one of the' con- ABRITISH explorer, B e r t ram verts and had hardly got seated when Thomas, crossed the desert of a number of men, Moslems and Ba- Southeastern Arabia in January and hais, came in and began to ply us with February. The traveler wore Arab cos- questions. . . . Before we left two tume but otherwise was undisguised. men who were listening confessed His journey was from Dhofar in Had- Christ and asked to be prepared for rumaut on the Arabia Sea, northward baptism. At six o'clock in the mornthrough the sandy desert of Ruba-el- ing, before the rest of the vHlage was khaIi to Dohah, near Bahrein, on the about, three men and one woman were Persian Gulf. Mr. Thomas, who is confirmed, claiming the power and fulthe first European to cross the desert, ness of the Holy Spirit."-The Christraveled by camel 900 miles in fifty- tian. eight days, halting thirteen days en route. Thirteen of the thirty Arabs MISCELLANEOUS who started on the journey carried on to the end. They pas.sed through hos- More Recruits Needed tile Arab tribes, through the frankincense country of the Bible, over the THE Secretary of the Student Vol- Oara Mountains 3000 feet high, over unteer Movement tells us that the 100 miles of waterless desert, discov- peak years of student interest in ering a large salt lake, passing near missions were 1920 and 1921. As a the site of "Ubar, the buried legend- result, 1,731 new missionaries went ary city of the prehistoric Addites."

out from the United States and Can- This is said by President Buswell ada in 1920, and 1,620 in 1921. Since to be the most significant spiritual then there has been a decline to 558 movement ever started on the Wheaton in 1927. During the same period the campus. It is something new to find number of Student Volunteers de- from twenty-five to seventy-five stucreased from 2,783 to 388! During dents putting Gospels into circulathis period mISSIOnary emphasis tion at football games, after earnest dropped out of many Student Chris- prayer. As the result of an appeal in tian Association programs on local chapel, cash and pledges totaling more campuses, and in week-end and sum- than $600 were received from the stumer conferences. Recently there has dents and faculty. been a slight recovery, 667 new missionaries having been sent out in 1928. These students now plan to carry Yet this is below the replacement level on the work in shops, prisons, homes, by more than 300. and schools, especially among thou- sands of fellow students attending col- The Gospel and Football leges and universities where the Bible is not honored. Other Christian ,AST autumn some students of schools, too, may share the responsi- LWheaton College, Illinois, formed bility of helping the great mass of a prayer group that met each morning less fortunate college students. from six to 'seven for Bible study and prayer. One of the older students had Hymn Translations a vision of the lost multitudes outside of church influence swarming the fields T HE Lutheran Church Herald pubof great football games and "he was lishes a list of hymns which have moved with compassion." As a result been translated from English into of this vision and of the prayer group, other languages. Following are those a number of students started out to which have been translated into fifty give the Gospel to the football crowds. or more languages. It is interesting At one high school game in Chicago, to note that the majorHy contain the they distributed nearly two thousand Gospel message. The list includes the Gospels of John. During the ensuing number of languages into which each five weeks over thirty-five thousand hymn has been translated. Gospels were distributed, covering the more important high- school games and Hymns Languages several college games within a radius of thirty mile·s of Wheaton. Each Sat- A Mighty Fortress Is Our God .. 171 urday fifty students and several fac- Rock of Ages …………….. 130 ulty members set out in cars heavily Just As I Am …………….. 106 laden with Gospels which were given Ade,ste FideIis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 to the crowds either as they entered Nearer, My God, to Thee ……. 101 or as they left the fields. Jesus, Still Lead On ……….. 93 Each Gospel has been enclosed in a Holy, Holy, Holy ………….. 81 blue envelope resembling a bank book, on which the great football coach of a Sacred Head Now Wounded .. 80 the University of Chicago, Alonzo Stagg, has written, "This little book Jesus, Lover of My Soul …….. 78 will help us all to win in the game of life." Guide Me, a Thou Great Jehovah 75 A detachable flyleaf pasted in the All Hail the Power ………… 65 Gospels invited the reader to send for Abide with Me ……………. 66 another Scripture portion. Many slips Hark, the Herald Angels Sing … 64 were returned and the follow-up com- What a Friend We Have in Jesus 70 mittee improved every contact. I Heard the Voice of Jesus Say .. 62 Jesus Shall Reign …………. 51 Sun of My Soul ……………. 50 VVhen I Survey the VVondrous Cross ………………….. 50 Lead, Kindly Light ………… 50 -Alliance Weekly.

WORTH

Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by U8 on 'receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Morals of Tomorrow. By Ralph W. strength from the Word of God. Each Sockman. 331 pp. $2.50. Harpers. month has a blank page on which to New York. record anniversaries. The pastor of the Madison Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church of New Amazon and Andes. By Kenneth G. York is one of the brilliant preachers Grubb. 308 pp. $5.00. Dial Press, of the younger generation. He is a New York. 1931.

popular speaker before college stu- This deeply interesting and beauti- dents, and his magazine articles and ful volume of missionary experiences books have attracted wide notice. In in comparatively little known parts of this volume he discusses urgent ques- South America, is a book of pioneer tions of present-day morals, the forces travel and -stirring adventure. It that are guiding them, the direction in abounds in fine descriptions of scenery which they aye moving, and the oppor- and of primitive peoples, few of whom tunity and duty of the Church in deal- had ever heard of the Gospel of ing with them. It is a practical and Christ. It manifests keen observation wholesome discussion, clear, able, well and warm sympathy with untutored abreast of modern thought, and in- human nature. The author journeyed cludes a bibliography of recent books from the lower Amazon southwest- and periodicals dealing with the sub- ward, clear across the continent to iect. A. J. B. Bolivia and the Pacific Ocean, then northward, by sea and by land to Living with the Bible. Arranged and Peru, Ecuador, Colombia and Vene- edited by Mary Schauffier Platt. 16 mo. 365 pp. $1.00. M. H. Leavis, zuela. A map of the wanderings, and Box 4. North Cambridge, Mass. 1930. many exceptionally fine illustrations, Our greatest need today, in the face lend charm aJJd vividness to the deof many needs, is for spiritual inspiration and nourishment. Many scription of the country and people. Christians feel this need, but do not know how to feed themselves. They The volume is a notable addition to the growing literature on South America and the urgent importance of e~angelizing it. A. J. B.

are at a loss for -some simple method Evolution. C. F. Hogg. Pickering and for daily devotional Bible reading. Inglis. 3d.

Mrs. Platt, who was for some years a This pamphlet of 32 pages, dealing missionary in Persia, and who is the with the subject of Evolution from author of several stimulating and in- the Christian standpoint, is a recent spirational missionary books, has pre- addition to the growing literature on pared the.se daily Bible readings from this much discussed theme. It con- the Old and New Testament, but tains within this small compass a sur- majoring on the life of Christ. Many prising amount and variety of inter- will welcome these careful selections esting and instructive material, the as a guide to personal devotions and winnowed result of extended philo- for family worship. They require sophical and scientific readings. It only two minutes each, but enable one is one of the most useful discussions to start the day with light and on this theme in brief form we have 317

seen and a valuable addition to tract Miss Lorenzana was educated in the literature. H. R. M. public schools and the Union Theo- logical Seminary in Manila. She ha-s The New Handbook of the Churches. been active in Sunday-school work, was the only woman among the seven Edited by Charles Stehle. 305 .pp. Filipino delegates to the World's $1.50. Federal Council of Churches, Sunday-school Convention in Los New York. Angeles in 1928, took postgraduate work at the Northwestern University Many who speak on what the church in Evanston and Boston University, is doing in America are long on opin- and was one of the representatives of ions and short on facts. Here is a the Philippines in the International book of up-to-date facts concerning Convention on Religious Education in the various Evangelical Christians Toronto in 1930. and other religious church bodies in America. The general articles are of Such authors -should have prompt real value for they include statements and sympathetic reading in America. by Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Bishop Their book is an admirable presenta- Francis J. McConnell, Dr. S. M. tion of conditions in the Philippine Cavert, Dr. Wm. R. King and fourteen Islands from the Christian viewpoint. other church leaders. They have written on Church Union, the Church A.J. B. and the State, the Community Church, Home Mission Outlook, Immigrants, Rural and Race Problems, World-Wide Akbar Ashram or Hindu-Moslem Unity. Mission Progress, etc. There follows If Truth at Last Be Told.

the directory of religious bodies (very These two attractively printed tracts useful for reference), religious sta- from Karachi, India, are strikingly tistics of all churches, and a bibliog- indicative of the new spirit which is raphy of the Federal Council. Every abroad.

editor and church leader will find the A small number of well educated volume invaluable and others will find Hindus and Mohammedans in Karachi here much interesting and helpful in- hav!! become alarmed at the great information. crease of bad feeling between Hindus Evangelical Christianity in the Philip- and Mohammedans throughout India, and wish to create avenues by means pines. By Camilo Osias and Avelina of which the more liberal spirits on Lorenzana. 240 pages. $1.50. United both sides may get together on a Brethren Publishing House, Dayton, common platform. The claim is made Ohio.

It is an encouraging feature of the that Krishna, Rama, Buddha, Christ development of Christian churches in and Mohammed all taught the same the mis-sion field that native leaders essential truths of love for God and are writing books and articles which devoted service to mankind. It is are influencing their fellow Christians interesting to see that these truths are and are helping people in the home the basic teaching of the New Testa- churches to a better understanding of ment.

the religious situation abroad. Mr. Akbar, the greatest Moslem Em- Osias came to America to complete his peror of India, attempted to weld Hin- education, was graduated from Co- dus and Moslems together by pro- lumbia University, and then returned moting inter-communal marz:jages, by to the Philippines where he became placing capable Hindus in the highest president of the National University posts and rewarding merit wherever with over 6,000 students, a member of found-in short, by a policy of ex- the Philippine Senate and then a resi- treme tolerance and a creed of great dent commis-sioner at Washington. elasticity. His attempt soon ran He has become internationally known against the hard facts of human na- as an educator, statesman and author. ture and left hardly a trace behind.

BOOKS WORTH READING

His spirit is, if possible, to be revived Buddhism." In this lighter volume he in members of the Akbar Ashram. deals with present-day substitutes for These tracts ,speak plainly of the dualistic philosophy. In a series of decay of morals, of the sad lack of delightful imaginary dialogues be- the vitality of the old religions and tween Socrates, Dr. Idealist, Dr. Beof the appalling need of India for a haviorist, Prof. Pragmatist, and new dynamic. The general spirit of others, he submits their opinions to the tracts reveals a burning desire for the keen test of question and an- truth and a wish to follow it even at swer, with the result that they are great personal sacrifice. Surely India shown to be incapable of offering is out on a new quest. any adequate substitute for the more The second tract attacks without ,spiritual doctrine which they seek gloves, (1) the religious cant, hypoc- to displace by monistic philosophy.

risy and greed rampant in the land; The aim of the book is essentially the sloth, impurity and formalism; serious, but the spirit of good humor (2) the purdah system; (3) the does not hinder the author from being entire institution of caste; (4) the brutally frank in exposing the fallacies joint family system; and (5) it advo- of some contemporary schools. Here cates marriage by choice on a basis is an example: of earned livelihood by both men and "Socrates: 'And what is emotion?

women, with the ,strict limitation of What is love, aspiration, the appreci- issue. ation of beauty?'"

The tracts give no evidence of pro- "Dr. Behaviorist: 'Just the behavfound thinking, or of any agony of ior of the gut. Or, if you object to soul, or of any great personal sacrifice plain talk, you may call emotion, visas yet made, and therefore are not of ceral reverberation. That's all any permanent significance. They are emotion is.' " signs of future movements of a pro- Only those who have studied modern founder nature. . Such tracts, how- philosophical theories will appreciate ever, create in the mind and heart the keen, thrusts in this first chapter. of the writer a profund disquietude The second describes Mr. Layman's regarding the present state of mind Adventures in the New Theology, also and heart of the Christian Church in in dialogue form. Three shorter chap- America. We have not begun to ex- ters follow, in one of which we have a plore the unsearchable riches which di,scussion on missions held in a Chiare in Christ. Our petty denomina- nese temple, by a monk, a missionary, tional differences, the large expend- and a promoter. The brief final iture on church conferenecs and as- chapter is a translation of a long-lost semblies, with so little accomplished; Buddhist Pali Sutta which, if authenour niggardly gifts in the great causes tic, would seem to indicate that the and our self-complacency should keep present Buddhist canon "gives a far us humble in the face of those who too monkish picture of the teaching of differ from us. the Founder." S. M. Z.

Christ is sufficient for the ills both of India and America-but His Word "So Send I You." A Series of Missionary Studies by Oswald Chambers. 176 pp. must live within us. E. D. L. Simpkin Marshall, Ltd. London.

Adventures in Philosophy and Religion. The author has opened to us his By James Bissett Pratt. 263 pp. own deep experience of the Bible and Price, $2.00. Macmillan. New York. God's own Spirit in this timely and almost startling call to unqualified The author, professor of philosophy personal devotion to Jesus Christ. at Williams and vice-president of the Mr. Chambers fir,st describes God's American Philosophical Association, voice which the soul can hear only is well-known in mission circles from when it is attuned to Him. Then folbis recent book "The Pilgrimage of

lows a searching scrutiny of insidious Directory of Protestant Missions in China, mistakes that prevent full allegiance 1930. Edited by Chas. L. Boynton for to Christ with a positive exposition of the National Christian Council.' 8 vo. what this fellowship means. "The 217 pp. 14 Peking Road, Shanghai. reason we do not make disciples is that 1930. we are not disciples ourselve·s, we are out for our own ends." The magnitude but not the vitality of the missionary enterprise in China The second half of the book carries is revealed in this small but very usethis same rigid analysis into the or- ful volume. They have listed the 200 ganized missiona y enterprise with societies and officers, the thousand 01" the same stirring reiteration that un- mo e m:ssion stations ge~grJ.phb"l'y deviating obedience to God is the only arranged, the names and addresses of effedive purpose and method. 6,000 missionaries and information as to interdenominational and national Missionary enterprise on the line of committees and organizations. A sumeducation and healing and social amelio- mary of missionary statistics would be ration is magnificent, but it is secondary a valuable addition to the Directory. and the danger is to give it the first place. The temptation is more subtle O.tasien Jahrbuch, 1931 is the tenth today than ever it has been, ~ecause the annual Yearbook of the Ostasien Miscountries of the world are bemg opened sion (Allgemeiner Ev.-Protestantup as never before … it is putting men's ischer missionsverein). Dr. Devarneeds first, and that is the very heart anne edits this Yearbook which is deand kernel of the temptation Satan voted to the work of the society which brought to our Lord. Our Lord's first it represents. It contains very useful obedience was not to the needs of men, articles by different contributor·s. but to the will of His Father . . . The introduction of civilization, without the IPLAYS and II emphasis on living the life hid with Christ in God,. tends to increase the power of evil because it covers it with a veil of refinement.

One wishes the tenderness under- lying it all might have been more HANDWORK fully expressed and also that the Of special value for use in expanded sessions,week day orvacation schools, phraseology were such as to appeal to or in regular Sunday sessions.

a wider group of students and modern readers. M. W. H. H.

The Japan Mission Year Book. Edited by PLAYS Paul S. Mayer. 8 vo. 391 pp. Kyo Bun Kwan, Ginsa, Tokyo. 1930. HIS BOOK, a story of the Biblein Mexico. 10 cents. AMELIDA. work of a Sunday .school missionary Thirty authors lend the weight of their study and experience to this among immig-rants. ~~ eellts. valuable annual. Japan is a land of PEPITA'S ADVENTURE IN FRIENDSHIP. the influence of a mission in the lives of Mexicans in the U. S. 21 cents.

'Vrite for free list of other plays.

intricate problems and vast possibili- HANDWORK ties. The general survey here presented gives us an insight into these Home cut outs: JRoanese. African. Chinese9 Alaska Eskimo. 25 cents each.

problems–economic, educational, so- PICTURE MAPS cial, political and religious. Mr. Ka- Lar/!:,e decorative maps (S'lx50 inches) in bold outgawa writes of the Labor Movement line to be colored, wittI a sheet of twenty or and Dr. Axling of the Kindom of God more pi(·turt!s to be cut ont, eolared and pasted Campaign. Formosa is in the Direc- on the map. llaps are now ready for the foltory and surveys but Korea now pub- lowing ('ouDides: lishes a separate Year Book. The reports are encouraging and are worth Africa. Caribbean Islands. Philippine Islands, North reading. The statistics and directory Americ-a. India, Latin America, The World. 50 cents each.

FRIENDSHJP PRESS 150 Fifth Ave., New York make it of added value for reference.

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