The Missionary Review of the World — January 1935

1935

Robert Laws of Livingstonia D. R. Mackenzie Problems and Encouragements Robert E. Speer John R. Mott Robert P. Wilder Robert H. Glover Stephen J. Corey C. Darby Fulton A. C. Snead The Present Situation in Missions Julius Richter New Cooperative Advance at Home Charles E. Schaeffer When a Kurd Becomes a Christian Delavan L. Pierson Mrs. E. E. Olcott-An Appreciation Samuel M. Zwemer

to Remember Obituary Notes widow,Mary Wentworth McConaughy

January 2-4-Annual Meeting, For- The Rev. Henry C. Velte, D.D., two brothers, one of whom is Dr. eign Missions Conference, Garden missionary in India for the past fifty4 David McConaughy, expert on stew- City, N. Y. two years, died at Saharanpur on N0- ardship; by a sister, a daughter and vember 19th. He was a highly hon- January 6-12-Universal Wee k of ored missionary of the Presbyterian two sons, one of whom is Dr. James Prayer. Church, U. S. A., and for 20 years was at the head of Saharanpur Theo- McConaughy, President of Wesleyan January 7-ll-Annual Me e tin g s, logical Seminary. Five years ago he Home Missions Council and Council was elected Moderator of the United University, Middletown, Connecticut. of Women for Home Missions, Phil- Church of Northern India. The situa- adelphia, Pa. tion changed greatly during his mis- The Rev. Al*ber*t * Fulton, D.D., sionary career and Dr. Velte was born January 22-February 16-C 0 r nell in Wertheim, Germany, in 1857, and A. School for Missionaries, Cornell, was educated in Hopkinton, Iowa, and N.Y. McCormick and Princeton Theological for 42 years an honored miSSionary of Seminaries. He is survived by his FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY wife Charlotte Haduth Velte and a the Presbyterian Board of Foreign ASSEMBLIES son, the Rev. F. Mowbray Velte, who is a missionary in India. Missions, died on December 10th in For further information, write to Miss B. Louise Woodbud, 930 23d *** Pasadena, California. Dr. Fulton was Ave. N, St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Wallace J. Anderson, a mis- born in Ashland, Ohio, in 1849 and January 26-30-0rlando. sionary of the Presbyterian Church, January 27-30-Deland. died in Seoul, Korea, of peritonitis, after being graduated from Princeton January 30-February I-Palm on November 30th. Mrs. Anderson College and Seminary, was appointed (nee Lillian E. Beede) was born in a missionary to Canton, China, in Beaches. Charleston, Nebraska, and was edu- February 2-7-Miami. cated at Occidental College and the 1879. He was preeminently a pioneer February 7-S-Bradenton. University of California. She went February 7-S-Fort Myers. to Korea as a missionary in 1917 and missionary, est a b lis h i n g many February 9-1S-St. Petersburg. was engaged in educational work in February 10-13-Clearwater. the Girls' Academy and Bible Insti- churches and preaching halls in South February 13-1S-Tampa. tute, Seoul. She is survived by her February 17-19-Lakeland. husband and two young daughters. China. When he went to China there February 17-19-Winter Haven. was strong opposition to Christianity February 19-21-Gainesville. *** and almost no railroads, electricity or February 23-26-Jacksonville. other modern improvements. The Dr. David S. Oyler, former mis- Presbyterian Church is almost the II If you use sionary of the United Presbyterian only agency to carry the Gospel to Church in the Egyptian Sudan, died 8,000,000 people of Kwangtung Prov- PRINTING in Monmouth, Illinois, November 19th. ince. Dr. Fulton was honorably re- Dr. Oyler was born in Nortonville, tired in 1922 and returned to America. Y OU will profit from an ac- Kentucky, January 11, 1881, and after quaintanceship with us. We graduation from Sterling College and Mary Halse* Gr*igg*, wife of Rev. do the job complete in our own Xenia Theological Seminary, Ohio, plant, whether it be large or went to the Sudan in 1910. After Ernest Grigg of Burma, died October small. seventeen years of service in Dolieb 15, 1934, after more than 40 years of Hill, he was obliged to return to service in that country under the Bap- While our specialty is Books, America for health reasons and be- tist Foreign Mission Society. Her Magazines and Pamphlets, yet came pastor of the United Presby- work was carried on among Chins, we have a variety of modern terian Church at Cutler, Ill. He is Chinese, Indians and Shans. equipment to meet all the re- survived by his wife, the former Lil- quirements of your particular lian Picken, and four children. *** job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous. *** The Rev. and Mrs. John C. Stam, Will you allow us to estimate Rev. James E. East, D.D., formerly American missionaries under the on your next printing? We be- a Negro missionary to Africa from lieve you will be delighted with the National Baptist Church of Amer- China Inland Mission, and their 10- our product, price and service. ica, died in Philadelphia last October. J ames East was born in Alabama, weeks-old daughter, were captured on The EVANGELICAL PRESS fifty-three years ago and in 1906 December 10th by Communist bandits went to South Africa, and was sta- in Southern Anhwei Province, China. Printers of tioned at Ganda, Middlerift, where he The Missionary Review of the World did notable work among the Bantu, Mr. and Mrs. Stam were murdered helping to found over forty native but the baby was allowed to live and PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Farmer's Associations and coopera- was restored to her grandparents. Third and Reily Sireet. Hlrrlsburg, PI. tive banks. Then Dr. East was called back to America to become secretary Mr. Stam was 27 years old and was of the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention, with the son of Rev. Peter Stam, pastor headquarters in Philadelphia. of Star of Hope Mission, Paterson, Dr. James M*cC*ona*ughy. of Phila- N. J. Mrs. Stam was a daughter of delphia, for some years secretary of the Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, the American Sunday School Union, American Presbyterian missionaries died in his home in Germantown, Pa., on December 6th at the age of seventy- at Tsinan, Shantung, China. seven. Dr. McConaughy was for- merly a teacher of Bible in Mount Her- Mr. Peter Stam and family, in a mon School for Boys and did a notable work as Bible teacher, author, editor telegram to the C. 1. M., give clear and executive. He is survived by his testimony to the victorious spirit in which they received the heart-rending news: "Sacrifice great but not too great for Him who gave Himself for us. Experiencing God's grace. Ro- mans 8: 28." (Concluded on 3d cover.) Sunday School Supplies J'ouoo:, spliiltml ~i1osofk WI'IlJ,JUI'-I"''' I-fIotirlIe/rInII6ktlHiM!tngifnIeflrIsiHMIss

MISSIONARY look well on any library table in the post-war experience. Recently

REVIEW OF THE WORLD country." WILLIS CHURCH LAMOTT. has been a good deal of building and I am not certain that 'eight in a room' DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Tokyo, Japan. would still stand true."

VOL. LVIII JAN., 1935 No.1 *** "As to my own expense fund, I re- ceive $5.00 a month while I am at Publication and Business Office "Each issue of THE REVIEW brings K. H., and it should be added that my Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. a vast amount of very helpful infor- travel in England, postage, phone ma.tion, and I have been enjoying to calls and medical attention are pro- Editorial and Executive Office the fullest extent this splendid mag- vided free, so that I am well cared for. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City azine." REV. MERLE ApPELGATE. My own annuity fund is operated Entered as second-class matter at solely by the working people of the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Christian Church, Los Angeles, locality and provides 'home helps" for of March 3, 1879. California. families where a crisis leaves the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. mother in need of help." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. "The October*RE*VIEW* , with its chal- Published monthly, except August. Personal Items All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. lenging and informing array of ar- British agents, Marshall, Morgan ticles on Japan, surely ought to be a The Rev. Alex. Harsanyi, Pastor of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, valuable number for supplementary the Hungarian Presbyterian congrega- London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, use in the foreign missions study pro- tion of Yonkers, N. Y., a descendant 10 shillings a year. jected for the current year." of a Hungarian Protestant martyr family, was honored and feted re- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· WILLIAM B. LIPPHARD, cently by his people and his American Editor of "Missions," New York. friends at the fortieth anniversary of LISHING CO., INC. his ordination to the ministry. As TWO CORRECTIONS organizer of a number of Hungarian BOARD OF DIRECTORS congregations, as author, editor, and RoBERT E. SPEE'R, President Dr. E. W. Koons, of Korea, calls at- pastor he has rendered great services WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent tention to an error in the September to the cause of Christ among his coun- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer REVIEW (page 395) where the title to trymen. Mr. Harsanyi is Nestor of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary the picture of the "public notice the Hungarian Protestant ministers SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT against foreigners" should be cor- of this country. MRS. BO.RRLIlNPPHRA. RJUDDD rected to read: WM. *** "This tablet containing public no- ERIC M. NORTH tice warning Koreans against for- Martin L. Harvey, a young Negro MILTON T. STAUFFER eigners was made in 1866 and was set of Hempstead, L. I., has been elected up by the Tai-wun-Kun in the center president of the Christian Youth A. L. W ARNSHUIS of Seoul in 1871. The translation by Council of North America. He is the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. L. G. Paik, reads: When foreign first of his race to fill that position. barbarians invade the country we Editorial Chat neither wage war nor make peace *** with them. We warn our descendants Have you recommended THE REVIEW for 10,000 years." Dr. Frank C. Laubach expects to to your pastor and friends as an up- visit India some time after March, to-date and delightful way to keep in *. * * 1935, to demonstrate his method of touch with the progress of the work teaching which has been so successful of Christ throughout the world? Some Miss Muriel Lester, of London, in reducing illiteracy in the Philipof your friends would appreciate a writes that there are some slight in- pines. gift subscription and their interest in accuracies in the article on "Voluntary missions would be stimulated. Poverty in Action" which appeared in *** our November number. Miss Lester Here are the recent comments of says: "It was my grandfather, not Samuel Coles, agricultural missionsome of our readers: my father, who went to work as a ary at Galangue, West Africa, under bricklayer at the tender age of 8, the American Board for twelve years, "A friend of mine expressed the con- when his father had been press has been loaned for a period of three viction that if all the magazines in the ganged to fight in the Napoleonic years to the Booker T. Washington country would follow your step in de- wars. Again, overcrowding in the Institute of Katata, Liberia, to supervoting an issue to the cause of Chris- East End of London was much worse vise their building program. He is tian missions among other races, the than 'eight in a single room' in my very enthusiastic over the possibilities problem of racial understanding would in this new field. not be such a difficult one. I agree USED CUTS with him." – Jose G. Deseo, Pastor- *** Director, Filipino House of Friend- Plates and half tone illusship, Stockton, Calif. S. Franklin Mack, Publicity Direc- trations used in THE tor for the Presbyterian Board of * * *. Foreign Missions, is now engaged in MISSIONARY REVIEW making a three-months' tour of Latin "We appreciate the service rendered American countries to take motion through THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF during the past two years pictures and secure other publicity THE WORLD, and are trying to pro- material. The itinerary calls for a mote its circulation." for sale from 25 cents up, visit to Peru, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, Venezuela, Guatemala and Mexico. MRS. S. L. V. TIMMONS. plus postage. The material secured will be widely Director of Educational Dept., used in connection with the mission The Missionary Review study of Latin America, projected for Women's Work, Presbyterian 1935-36. Church, U. S. of the World *** *** THIRD AND REILY STREETS HARRISBURG, PA. Dr. Robert P. Wilder. formerly "The material in the June issue is General Secretary of the Student Volan excellent exposition of American [1 ] unteer Movement and later Secretary Oriental life and I hope the magazine of the Christian Council of Northern will receive wide circulation." Africa and Western Asia, is now in America but plans to go to England GRANT K. LEWIS; Secretary, United Christian Mis- (Concluded on 3d cover.) sionary Society.

*** "Let me congratulate you on the Japan number of THE REVIEW. It covers the field so thoroughly that I am wondering what else mission study classes will have to study! I like the make up of THE REVIEW. It would

FOR PRACTICAL INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA

A GThOUP OF AFRICAN PASTORS PREPARElD TO EVANGELIZE THEIR OWN PEOPLE TRAINING CHRISTIANS IN LIVINGSTONIA, CENTRAL AFRICA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1935 Topics of the Times BEGINNING THE NEW YEAR the direction and help of Almighty God and by A man's character is largely indicated by the men and women filled with the Spirit of Jesus Christ. way he closed the old and begins the New Year. It is fitting then that again, at the first of the While New Year's Eve an'd New Year's Day are year, Christians be called together to observe the "Universal Week of Prayer" (January 6 to 13). widely and variously observed all over the world, This custom was organized by the Evangelical Alli- ance nearly ninety years ago (in 1846) and has some observe them by hilarity, drinking intoxi- been observed annually ever since, not only in America and Europe but now all over the world. cants, by feasts and ente~tainments; others ex- Great things are accomplished through prayer, not only subjectively in those who pray but objectively change friendly greetings, or join in Christian by the working of the Spirit of God to bring har- mony to the "good and acceptable and perfect Will Watchnight services with prayer and song. It is of God."

a time to take account of stock; to settle old debts This year preachers everywhere are asked to co- operate by preaching and leading prayer groups on and complete unfinished tasks; to prepare for new the following topics so that a world-wide circle of joint thinking and prayer may unite Christians undertakings and seek fresh visions for larger everywhere. The world situation at home and abroad calls for this more than ever. There are service. To some the New Year season is one of grave dangers that face church and home and State, but there are also reasons for good cheer and waste and frivolity, while to others it is a time of encouragement. The following are the main topics suggested: sobering thought, prayer and preparation for a new advance.

The old year is gone-irrevocably-and we can- not undo the mistakes we have made or all the harm that has been done. There has been waste and folly; gossip and unfriendly criticisms' self- ishness and greed; thefts, murders, oatdhuerltsemriaes~ blasphemies and other sins. We and suffer because of the mistakes and follies of the past but we can learn valuable lessons from them if we will. With the New Year come new oppor- tunities to learn, to grow, and'to achieve what is Sunday, January 6, 1935. TOPICS FOR SERMONS: worth while. There are new opportunities to pro- Trust in God-John 14: 1; Mark 11: 22, 24; 1 Tim. m?te peace on earth in place of war; to do away WIth race and class prejudice; to develop and ap- 4: 1~ . ply the principles of economic and social justice in place of unfair rivalry and oppression; to estab- Fellowship with Christ and Other Disciples-1 John 1: 3, lish honest politics and the true and equal observance ?~ laws, in place of political chicancery and 7; John 17: 21.

Service of Man in the Name of Christ-Mat. 25: 40; Mat. 28: 19-20; Mat. 24: 14.

Hope and Its Basis-Acts 26: 6; Rom. 8: 18-25; 1 Thess. 1: 3, 9-10.

favorItIsm; to promote education that develops Monday, January 7. NEED FOR REPENTANCE.

character rather than a system of fads and un- Thanksgiving for God's loving provision for all human tried theories; to express religion in deeds not need; that Christ finished the work of man's redempmerely in· words; to furnish the money and life tion and committed to us its proclamation to all men. needed to give the Gospel of Christ to all men without rivalry or prejudice, rather than spend money Confession for our failure to respond to human need' a,nd effort on luxurious church equipment and for our selfishness, pride, indolence, and lack of faith, rItual at home. Here are achievements worthy of for our hardness of our heart that hinders true reour best effort-but they can only be attained by pentance.

Prayer that God may open men's eyes and soften their hearts, bringing repentance and forgiveness. That [8]

the burden of the need of others may be felt by His from the outcastes and primitive peoples of India, children everywhere. Africa and other lands; for a revived interest among Christian statesmen in the cause of minorities. Scripture Readings-Rom. 3: 1-26; Gal. 5: 1-26; Ps.51. Confession of the growth of anti-Semitism in many na- Tuesday, January 8. THE CHURCH AND NEED FOR FAITH. tions; of the slow response to the needs of oppressed and persecuted peoples. Thanksgiving for the Church which includes peoples of every nation; for increasing opportunity and power Prayer for a keener sensitiveness to the needs of the to witness; for evidence that the GQspel is the power oppressed and helpless; for a fresh vision of Christ, of God unto salvation. who, without respect of persons, welcomes men and women of every class and nation. Confession of lack of faith and enterprise in completing the world-wide work; for lack of humility and for Scripture Readings-Rom. 11; 1 Cor. 1: 18-31; Rev. 7: failure to interpret truly Christ's spirit and message. 9-17.

Prayer for a new vision of our spiritual resources in Sunday, January 13. SPECIAL SERMONS ON CHRISTIAN Christ; for a deeper faith in God's power to establish UNITY, WITH C,QMMUNION. "That they all may be one His Kingdom through faith and obedience; for a vital …… that the world may believe that Thou hast sent spiritual quickening of the Church today. Me." John 17: 21.

Scripture Readings-Acts 2: 1-21; Mat. 16: 13-28; Col. THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE SPIRIT* 1; John 17: 9. An interdenominational fellowship of Chris- Wednesday, January 9. THE NATION'S NEED FOR FELLOW- tians has been formed to unite those who seek a spiritual reinvigoration of the Church, with new SHIP. power and enthusiasm; along Apostolic lines. It is similar to the First Century Christian Fellow- Thanksgiving for forces which restrain men's selfish am- ship – or Oxford Group Movement -with em- bitions; for all that nations have to give one another. phasis on Gospel witness, soul-winning, regenera- tion and enduement with power of the Holy Spirit. Confession of national self-seeking, suspicion, and jeal- ousy; of intolerance and suppression of freedom of Dr. William Carter, the Chairman, issues a speech and conscience. challenge to the churches to awake in these days of adversity. He says in substance: Prayer for a new sense of the nature and possibilities of fellowship; for wise leaders in national and inter- Times of prosperity affect us adversely just as much as national affairs. That each nation may contribute its times of adversity. Speaking of the rich, Job says: "They peculiar gifts to build up the Kingdom of God. spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; Scripture Readings-Rom. 12; Isa. 2; Isa. 52; Micah for we desire not the knowledge of thy way. What is the 4; Rev. 21: 1-7, 23-27. Almighty that we should serve him?"

Thursday, January 10. WORLD EVANGELIZATION. Times of adversity come and wealth is swept away; affluence becomes indigence; assurance becomes despair. Thanksgiving for a world-wide awakening to the pri- Then it is that some "Job's Comforter" comes crying: mary need of evangelism in Christian service; for na- "Dost thou still retain thine integrity? Curse God and tional leaders who are calling their fellow-countrymen die!" Many do both! The whole trouble with the Church to widespread evangelism; for the growth of self- is that we have joined altogether too much with the world support and of extension among native churches. instead of trying to win the world to Christ.

Confession of the narrow outlook of many Christians; Thank God, the material and physical crises cause some of the lack of sensitiveness to the need of the millions to turn to God, and these become the leaders not of a for- who have not yet heard the Gospel; of our reliance on lorn hope, but of a victorious advance. When Pentecost human resources rather than on the power of the had fully come, Peter turned from his cursing and denials Holy Spirit. of his Lord; James and John turned from their seeking for preferment; Thomas turned from his doubting to un- Prayer for a realization that every Christian is called alterable faith and love for his Lord and Master and all to be a missionary everywhere and at all times; for commenced, boldly, to preach the unsearchable riches of the realization that Christ and His Church can meet Jesus Christ their Lord. The cult of cowardice was the spiritual needs of this generation. changed into the cult of courage. These men crossed the seas, braved martyrdom and still preached, even to their Scripture Readings-Mark 16; Isa. 61; Acts 1: 1-11. jailors and persecutors, the unsearchable riches of Jesus Christ, their crucified Redeemer. Friday, January 11. YOUTH MOVEMENTS. No class, no condition, no age is kept from the blessing Thanksgiving for Christian homes, Sunday Schools, and if they watch and pray earnestly for it. Every day may all movements for the spiritual welfare of youth; for be a Pentecost to those fulfilling the conditions. Are we the new earnestness among the youth. looking for Pentecost? Do we want the same blessing? The godly Joseph Neeshima, of Japan, in a time of great Confession of failure to give youth a larger place in Christian enterprise; of neglect of the family as the • The chairman Is Dr. William Carter, a Presbyterian clergyman, chief means of Christian training. formerly of Brooklyn, New York; the secretary Is the Rev. Frank E. Simmons, of Brooklyn, New York, and other members of the gen- Prayer that the youth of this generation may surrender eral committee Include William A. Harbison, Hugh R. Monro, Dr. to God in Christ; that teachers of youth may utilize Don O. Shelton, Dr. Will H. Houghton, President of Moody Bible their opportunities and realize their responsibilities; Institute, and Rev. Daniel A. Poling, President of the World's So- that the enthusiasms of youth may be directed into Ciety of Christian Endeavor. The headquarters are 1421 Madison right channels. Ave., New York.

SC'npture Readings-1 Sam 3; Joel 2: 18-32; 1 John 2: 1-17.

Saturday, January 12. RESPONSIBILITY TO THE JEWS AND TO OUTCASTE AND PRIMITIVE PEOPLES.

Thanksgiving for the increasing response to the call of Christ among Jews; for large accession to the Church

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stress said to his Christian followers: "Brethren we must This evangelical movement among Italians was advance, but we must advance on our knees." This is a great need of the Church today-to pray. To be effective, not the product of the missionary societies, but prayer must be personal, importunate ….. . came rather from the faith and passion of two The Church is needing another Pentecost. The President, his helpers, governors, mayors, and leaders in gen- Italians converted through American friends. A eral, are urging people to strive to solve these present national and international difficulties by moral and spir- little more than fifty years ago Antonio Arrighi itual means. The phrase most upon their lips is: "The Life more abundant," which means, in ecclesiastical terms, began his work on the lower east side of New the life that is hid with Christ in God. Evangeline Booth in her farewell address urged the nations, that had tried York which has continued in the far reaching everything else in their depression and anxiety, to "Try religion!" The Presbyterians of New York have inaugu- ministry of the Broome Street Tabernacle. Later rated a "Spiritual Crusade" and a "Covenant of Reconsecration." All of these are signs of what is expected of Michele Nardi, a talented young Italian padrone the Church and that the Church is getting a larger view of its duty to the perishing souls of men. in a mining camp, was given a New Testament The Fellowship of the Spirit stands for: (1) A recog- which so gripped him that he gave up his mining nition of the Lordship of the Holy Spirit in lives and hearts of men; (2) A whole Bible as the Word of God; and began the life of a missionary lay preacher. (3) A place for prayer in daily life; (4) A witness for God to others who need Him; (5) Individual sacrificial Italian churches in Pittsburgh, Chicago, New service to save the individual, the nation and the world, from itself, to God. A practical experience of these things York and other important cities trace their origin will revitalize the Church, stabilize society and change the world. to Nardi's flaming evangel. A report made to the This movement is only one of many that reveal Presbytery of New York in 1907 shows his influa hunger in men's hearts today and a sense of need for God and what He alone can supply. It ence by the following report: "During the past is evident not only in America and England but on the continent of Europe and in many parts of year two new Italian missions have been estab- India, China, Africa and other lands. But it is still a very difficult thing for human nature to lished and have been blessed with almost phenommake full surrender and then to follow the Way as revealed by the Spirit of God. enal results. The one in East 106th Street in the EVANGELICAL MOVEMENT AMONG colony known as Little Italy, with the noted evan- ITALIANS gelist, Mr. Nardi, in charge. He labors without compensation. From the first the room which accommodates only 114 has been crowded to over- flowing." Later, the city mission and denomina- tional home missionary societies gave their sup- port to the movement. Christian mission work of a very distinctive sort will be required for many years in the more congested and poorer Italian colonies. The continued need of these people de- mand the continuing interest of the missionary societies, but the responsibility for the conduct of the churches and for the direction of the work must reside in the Italian language churches and their leadership. W. P. SHRIVER.

A national interdenominational conference, SHALL WE ABANDON MEXICO?* which may well mark a new epoch in the evan- gelical movement among Italians in America, was Recent events in Mexico have prompted some held in New York, the first and second days of to question the worthwhileness of carrying the November, at the suggestion of the Italian Evan- Gospel to a people who are promoting education gelical Ministers Association. The conference was along nationalistic lines and seem to want no reconvened under the auspices of the Home Mis- ligion at all. When the liberal Constitution of sions Council and Council of Women for Home 1857 was adopted by Mexico and the Reform Missions, and began with a fellowship dinner, Laws promulgated, a section of the Mexican peowith over four hundred present, to celebrate the ple availed themselves of the privilege of religious contribution of Italian life to America. The ad- liberty and formed an independent evangelical dress was given by the Hon. Eduard Corsi, Di- church. When the Constitution of 1917 was rector of the Department of Public Welfare of adopted, all the provisions of the Juarez Constitu- New York. A united service of the fifty Italian tion were embodied. Church property was nacongregations of greater New York later brought tionalized and religion became a matter of govtogether an audience of nearly two thousand ernmental regulation. Moreover in Article 130 which filled the auditorium of the Fifth Avenue of the Constitution each State was given the right Presbyterian Church-a most unusual gathering. to decide how many clergy are to officiate within A fine spirit of unity prevailed throughout the its borders. Very little effort was made to enconference and the Home Missions Council was force these severe provisions during the years of asked to create a permanent committee to foster continuing cooperation in evangelical work among • Extracts from a statement prepared by the Rt. Rev. Frank W. Creighton, who was Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Mexico from the four and a half million Italians in America. 1926 to 1933.

reconstruction following the active period of the King Dormitory and Gymnasium were destroyed; Revolution. In fact not until 1927 was there any Junka Hall and the Dining Hall were badly dam- enforcement act passed by Congress. aged and other buildings suffered severely. The In spite of difficulties, evangelical Christians in total damage is estimated at Yen 123,578 but for- Mexico are doing an effective and helpful piece of tunately there was no loss of life.

work and are growing stronger in numbers and The Doshisha was started in 1875 with eight in zeal. Two articles of the Constitution of Mex- students. Today it has a total enrollment of 4,456 ico, as well as parts of others, deal with the ques- students (1,184 girls and 3,272 boys), 302 protion of religion. One of those articles grants en- fessors and instructors, with 12,591 alumni. The tire religious freedom under the law and one sec- Doshisha now consists of a Girls' Academy, Boys' tion of the Department of Interior is charged with Middle School, Woman's College, Semmon Gakko the duty of religious administration. Mexico is (a professional school of junior college grade), still very much concerned about religion, but is College of Commerce, Preparatory College, and very insistent as to the kind of religion to be University. It has always maintained the Christaught and how it shall be practiced. Mexico's tian principles of its founder, "for the advanceis a one-party government and any opposition is ment of Christianity, and the furtherance of eduanti-government agitation. When the Roman cation, to train men of living power for the serv- Catholic Church finds itself opposed to practically ice of true freedom and their country." every ideal of the Revolution and says so, the issue becomes clear. Protestants are not antagonistic The typhoon is also said to have greatly affected to the Government but suffer because of the con- Japan's political currents so as to force their actinuous strife. But the followers of Christ can- tivities into new channels to repair the damages. not either run away from difficulties or abandon An extraordinary session of the Diet was called the field because difficulties are acute. Such a sit- to meet the demands of the situation. The rice uation tries our mettle and steels us to go on. crop has been very seriously damaged and imme- Mexican Christians need our prayers and our sup- diate relief was required. The silk industry, on port as they go forward to make the living Christ the other hand, has been suffering from over-proreign in Mexico. We must respond to the crying duction, due to lack of foreign demand. This sit- uation and the need for relief have called for a need for the Gospel. decrease, rather than an increase, in appropria- The editor of World Dominion says: tions for the army and navy.

Mexico is making gigantic efforts to build up an original, THE FEDERAL COUNCIL LOOKS AHEAD genuine and national culture embracing all aspects of human life, without trying to copy or to be dependent upon The annual meeting of the Federal Council of other cultures and countries. The Indians are sharing the Churches of Christ in America was held in Dayresponsibilities of government. ton, Ohio, December 2d to 7th. Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, pastor of St. John's Methodist Episcopal Mexico is emphasizing, more than any other country in Church, South, of St. Louis, was elected president Latin America, the need of a school which will be coherent to succeed Dr. Arthur W. Beaven of Rochester. from the very beginning with the whole life of the Mexican The new vice-president is Dr. George W. Richnation, basing it more on life than on theories, more on ards, President of the Theological Seminary of the doing than on learning, and adapting itself to the daily Reformed Church in the United States, at Lanlife of the average Mexican-particularly the Indianmaking the schools, the text and the teaching to promote more a better life than general knowledge.

EFFECTS OF THE TYPHOON IN JAPAN caster, Pa.

The most terrific typhoon ever experienced in As in many other groups, the need for evan- Japan in modern times swept over the Osaka- gelism-the personal salvation of men through Kyoto district last September and destroyed or the Gospel of Christ-was emphasized, rather damaged many mission schools and churches in than the need for new methods of social service Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and elsewhere. Approxi- and more money for education. A national mismately 3,000 people were killed and 14,000 in- sion to reach the "unchurched" was proposed, with jured. Eighty thousand houses were demolished, daily open-air evangelistic meetings in as many 350,000 were flooded, and 300 primary and sec- cities of the United States as is possible. Plans are ondary schools collapsed. Of 60,000 factories in being made for a ten-weeks' tour of twenty-five the Osaka district, 22,000 are reported damaged metropolitan -centers, with a team of some ten or or destroyed, causing merchants, artisans and twelve speakers. peasants to call for relief. The Federal Council stood strongly against One of the Christian institutions which severely traffic in alcoholic drink and in favor of all efforts suffered is the Doshisha University, Kyoto, to promote social and economic justice and interfounded by Joseph Hardy Neesima in 1875. The national peace and goodwill.

A VILLAGE ON THE SHORE OF LAKE NYASA – MT. WALLER IN THE

Robert Laws of Livingstonia By the REV. D. R. MACKENZIE, Edinburgh, Scotland IF ONE had to put into a single word his im- years, it is justly regarded as an outstanding ex- pression of Dr. Robert Laws, the first impulse ample of Christian progress in a heathen land. would be to say "massive." He was like a great block of Aberdeen granite, firmly rooted in the Pioneering soil congenial to his soul-the soil of the Kingdom of God. But "massive" after all means little; and David Livingstone died at Ilala in 1873. While Laws meant much over a wide area of human life the great traveler was pursuin,i his epoch-making in Central Africa. He did more for that great discoveries, his almost equally great spiritual sucland than any other man, of whatever rank or cessor was preparing himself for the task soon to occupation. He was a man of wide vision and far be placed in his hands. This was the task of givseeing wisdom; of purposes firmly held in the ing continuity to the work and shape to the asface of difficulties and opposition; of unfailing pirations of the Blantyre lad who had become the skill in the use of whatever materials lay to his world's hero. hand; and of sagacious adaptability in entering doors which either stood open or which, more fre- Robert Laws was born in Aberdeen in 1851 and quently, he was the means of opening. Add to this began to work as an apprentice in his father's a staunch courage, often called upon in those days shop, learning cabinet-making; but he was nursof the beginnings of his work, and always equal ing in his soul higher ambitions. Through the to every emergency. Equally massive are his difficulties and hardships which many another achievements. The Livingstonia Mission, under Scottish lad has overcome, he finally emerged, a his wise guidance, moved from one great success fully qualified physician and minister, a carpenter, to another until today, after a history of sixty with some knowledge of building, and a general handiness that never lost its skill in all the half century he was to spend in Africa. When the [7]

news came that Livingstone had died, Laws was guage had to be learned, houses and other buildready; and prosperous Christian men in the great ings to be erected, communication with the outer cities of Scotland formed a committee and estab- world to be maintained, and the health of the staff lished the Livingstonia Mission, now famous all cared for. It was a task for strong men, and over the Christian world. strong men had it in hand.

One watches in imagination a band of young Lengthened Cords and Strengthened Stakes Scotsmen, with Laws as one of their leaders, start out on the twelfth of October, 1875, to make their The tribes around Lake Nyasa shared to the toilsome way into the heart of Africa. Up the full the superstitions and beliefs of the Bantu great Zambesi River, with its age-long romance, peoples to whom they belonged. Witchcraft spread its baneful influence. The poison ordeal weeded out the enemies of the witch-doctor and the chief. The, spirits of the dead, always of- fended, were believed to send disease and death. Dangers lurked everywhere; for lions and leop- ards, controlled by evil men whose power was never doubted, sought the enemies of those who hired them, and killed or mauled them. Hunters went to the forest, and fishers to the river, guarded and reinforced by charms and magic medicines. Sickness was rampant and knowledge small of how to deal with it. To all this add the horrors of the slave trade, "the open sore of Cen- tral Africa," and inter-tribal warfare with its WHERE MARRIED APPRRiNTICES LIVE IN LIVINGSTONIA INSTITUTE they traveled into the hitherto little known Shire, A PARTLY COMPLETED NATIVE-BUILT CHAPEL its huge tributary. At last, in their tiny steamer, the "Ilala," rebuilt after passing the Muchison terrible toll of human lives and you have the ma- Rapids, they sailed out into the mighty waters of terials for a picture of what Laws and his com- Lake Nyasa, Livingstone's proudest discovery. panions were facing. And one listens, still in imagination, as these young men fling their challenge to the winds of a They faced it with a message of the Love of continent: "All people that on earth do dwell, God, and with a Book in which that story was sing to the Lord, with cheerful voice." Was it a told; but it first had to be translated into the lanchallenge, or was it merely a glad recognition that guage of the people. at last the end of their long journey was in sight? The winds carried the words three hundred and The first five years at Cape Maclear were years sixty miles up the Lake; then over hill and plain of toil and death. It was evident that if real progto what is now Northern Rhodesia; far out east ress was to be made a change must come. In and west to Zanzibar and the mouth of the Con- 1881 the headquarters were moved up the Lake to go; and in all that vast region there was none to Bandawe, in the land of the Tonga people. From join in the song, and none to whom the words, that time the development was rapid. Schools even had they been understood, would have con- were opened and teachers trained; men were veyed any real meaning. taken into the carpenter's shop for instruction; At Cape Maclear, famous as the first station of the Mission, the party settled down to work. Slowly the years passed; men came and went; or they came and stayed until death claimed them, and there they lie, witnesses to the compelling power of Christ, and to the strange tenacity of His servants in every land and every age.

Laws made voyages of discovery in the little "Ilala"; he undertook long overland journeys, establishing contacts with leading chiefs up and down the lake shore. An utterly unfamiliar lan-

ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA

others were taught bricklaying, printing, book tions were formed, with Kirk sessions and minbinding, and agriculture. The whole region was isters and evangelists, and schools were spread explored, and Dr. Laws, in such intervals as he all over the land. The Livingstonia Mission could command, took up his great task of trans- reached out into Northern Rhodesia at Ilala, at lating the· New Testament, preparing school Lubwa, and at Mwenzo; the people thronged to books, a grammar of the language, and dictionary the schools, eager to seize every opportunity for the use of new members of the mission who placed before them. were now coming to his aid. Under the direction of the Rev. A. G. MacAlpine a great mother The mind of the African race was being slowly church was built up, slowly other congregations reformed by many methods. Into the now safe were formed and other stations were opened world they went far from their home to work in throughout the land. Teachers, doctors and nurses the gold mines of Rhodesia, the copper mines of were sent out from Scotland and the Mission The Belgian Congo, and to other enterprises as was fully established.

Reforming the Africans But trouble arose. The wild and warlike Angoni, an offshoot of the fierce Zulus of South Africa, swept down from their high- land plateau and harried the unhappy Tonga people, burning villages, killing the men, and carrying off the women and children. Robert Laws went up into their country where he met the great warrior chief, Mombera, and the two strong men formed a friendship which was never broken. As a result of this conference Dr. Elmslie went to Ngoniland, and, after adventures that would have satis- fied a Knight of the Round Table, he won over the people and Christian progress was assured.

Meanwhile other events were happening.

Laws had long foreseen that the British Gov- ernment must take control of the country and, after a preliminary blunt refusal by Lord Salisbury, this was done in 1889. A great impulse was thus given to the forces of progress; peace was assured; the postal service united the country from end to end; roads everywhere began to be made; magis- trates administered the law, and numerous ancient feuds died out. Other missions were coming in. The Church of Scotland had long had its headquarters at Blantyre; the Church of England Mission established itself on Likoma Island; while the Dutch Reformed Oopyright-MoUat, Edinburgh. ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA Church of South Africa was working in the southern parts of Nyasaland. The Roman Church far as Zanzibar, and Durban. The homecoming also took up work, as well as the Baptists, and of these far traveled individuals brought new others. ideas to the villages, with new clothes, new ameni- The transformation of Africa was proceeding ties of civilization, new sources of wealth.

apace; and Laws, now a recognized authority in All this brought fresh problems to the mission- all matters concerned with mission work, was the aries, but Laws and his colleagues were equal to guide and counsellor of all. His advice was sought the demands made upon them, though often at by government, as well as by the heads of the new great cost to themselves in loss of health, and industries with which the country was being de- occasionally in loss of life. The problems of suc- veloped. Most important of all, the native Church cess took the place of those of failure. The great was growing with amazing rapidity. Congrega- crowds attending church and school had to be or-

ganized and shepherded. In 1894 it was decided In 1908 the Scottish Presbyterian Church be- that a central institution for training and educa- stowed on Dr. Laws, now grown famous, the high- tion must be established, and as a result the Ov- est honor in its power: he was summoned home ertoun Institution was founded, with Dr. Laws as to fill the Moderator's chair of the General As- principal. The Home Committee responded with sembly of the United Free Church. Already uni- funds and men and, as the years passed, this great versities had conferred degrees upon him, D.D., institution came to be regarded as the most im- M.D., LL.D.; the Government bestowed upon him portant educational work between the Zambesi the C.M.G. (Companion of the Order of St.

and the Congo. Students flocked from far and Michael and St. George); The Africa Society near, all keen to seize the unique opportunity pre- gave him the African Medal, which so very few sented to them. The Overtoun Institution trains have received. In the United States, which he teachers, ministers, evangelists, doctors, as well visited more than once during his furloughs, he as carpenters, bricklayers, book printers and bind- made many friends and highly esteemed support- ers, agriculturists, engineers, tailors. Today one ers. There were few to dispute with him the title, can see there, as now elsewhere in Central Africa, from which he himself would have shrunk, of the the sons of men who knew of no implement but greatest living missionary; for the Livingstonia the hoe and the spear, controlling complicated Mission was now, under his inspiring leadership machinery at the mines, on the river steamers, one of the greatest epics of the Church of Christ.

and in motor cars; the fathers knew nothing but But the years took their toll. In 1927 he was war; the sons preach the Gospel. The fathers asked by the Mission Council to meet the Gover- heard the drums beat for vile dances, the sons nor of Nyasaland, along with other leaders, to hear them summoning the people to worship God. discuss the question of Government assistance to An Independent, United Church education which had become of first rate impor- tance. But his health suddenly failed and he The story now runs with great rapidity. The sailed for home where he underwent a severe operchurches of the Presbyterian Missions, Scottish ation. He lingered on, still vigorous, and taking and Dutch, combined their presbyteries to form an active share in the concerns so dear to him, one United Synod of the Church of Central Africa until August, 1934, when he passed to his reward. Presbyterian. The natives wholly supply the funds of this church and draw nothing from Great Brit- Mrs. Laws was the great wife of a great man. She was great in herself; a great linguist; a great hymn writer, whose hymns nourished for a generation the native Church which· her hus- band did so much to establish. Indeed her history is so much the history of her husband, that it is difficult to think of any activity of his in which she was not his efficient and loving helper. She was, too, a woman of wit and wisdom, ready at repartee, a famous housekeeper and hostess, and the willing friend of all her husband's colleagues.

Men are great, not merely in virtue of the great -deeds they did in their own proper persons, but they are great because others have contributed to that greatness. Livingstone had his Laws; and Laws had his great lieutenants: Elmslie and Stuart who brought in the wild Angoni; Mac- Alpine, who built up the great Mother Church at Bandawe; Fraser, beloved at home and abroad; MacMinn, whose linguistic work is bringing fame to .Livingstonia; Chisholm and Moffat, who A CiHll:Ral-IS~T-IA-lN-FA-M-I-L-Y-I;N;"-L.;:aIo"V".I:oN:;;G:;;.;s'-TO-N-I-A—…&. brought in the tribes of the north and west. The history of the Livingstonia Mission will never be ain. There is a native Central Fund Treasurer; fully told until the great deeds of these great men the Clerk of Presbytery is a native minister; and, have had their full count of credit. So long as so far as possible, they are encouraged to manage the Church can find such men, and send them out their own affairs, but always with the mission- and support them, the fame of Robert Laws will aries to guide them where that is necessary. The go on and that for which all great servants of Church in Central Africa is standing on its own Christ stand-the evangelization of the whole feet, subject only to its Divine Head. world-will suffer neither eclipse nor collapse.

Problems and ,Encouragements

As Seen by Some Foreign Mission Executives T HE difficulties of the present hour are so many and so obvious that we are sometimes prone to be discouraged and to overlook the encouragements. In the home and foreign mission work the prob- lems were never more numerous, and sometimes they seem baffling. They clearly call for earnest study as to their causes and solution and they require faith and greater dependence on God rather than on human wisdom and power.

In response to a letter sent to a number of missionary leaders in America replies have been received to the following two questions: 1. As you see it, what are some of the special present-day problems that we face in the foreign mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the hQme church and in the field? Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook.

The answers received-somewhat condensed-throw much on the present situation. An editorial presentation of the problems and encouragements will appear in the next number of the REVIEW.

EDITOR.

I. SOME PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS 1. The need for taking the whole subject of cooperation far more seriously than at present is ROBERT E. SPEER being done, judged by the results. There is im- perative need of our Christian forces entering Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions more promptly and thoroughly, having counted the full cost, upon what I call the third stage of Among the problems we face in the foreign mis- cooperation. By this stage I mean not only for sion enterprise today I would name the following: chiefly the pooling of knowledge and experience, but more specially pooling of plans (before they 1. Problems arising from false nationalism. A are made or entered into), personalities, money, true nationalism is inherent in Christianity and names, administration. in the missionary idea. Weare seeking to help each nation to achieve its own true personality 2. In almost every field and in almost every and accomplish its own mission of service in the board there is need of re-stating and revising proworld and we are doing our best to build up in- grams, looking ahead for a period of five years. digenous Christian churches to serve in the fullest I would find it difficult to name a half dozen agenway the true interest of the national life. The cies which have done this and have their program difficulties of the problem lie in the spread of a or plan in a form to be submitted, and have it false and unworthy nationalism. generally understood and accepted by their lead- ers near and far. This is very serious. 2. The problems which secularism and the naturalistic view of the world and of life present to 3. There is need for the creation of a deep and the Christian Gospel. We must have missionaries unshakable conviction on the part of the leaders eqUIpped to deal with these problems both by rea- and other discerning members of the churches son and by love. that the missionary enterprise has by no means attained. It is a shocking, tragic fact that with 3. The problems of devolution as it is called, reference to totally unoccupied mission fields (by meaning thereby the transfer both of control and which I mean those in which there are no misof responsibility from the foreign mission to the sionaries, or almost none), we stand just about national churches. where we did at the time of the Edinburgh Con- ference in 1910. In the partially and even largely 4. The problems arising from confusion and occupied fields we have, in most cases, only encontroversy among the Christian forces, absorbing in internecine conflict the energies which are needed for the work of aggressive evangelism of the New Testament type.

JOHN R. MOTT tered upon the period of high specialization, and, in my judgment, have still to render many of our Chairman of the International Missionary Council most distinctive and critically important services Among the most pressing major problems of in the work of evangelism and the training of the foreign missionary enterprise, as I see them, Christian leaders.

are the following: 4. The catching of the imagination of a new [11 ]

generation with such vividness, with such appeal keener sense of responsibility for the evangelizato the heroic, and with such compelling force as tion of the world in this generation. There is to ensure beyond peradventure a tremendous re- also the problem of finance, which must be solved sponse. In this respect the Church of Rome just if the work is to be carried on adequately.

now is putting us to shame.

Basically these and all other problems that are ROBERT HALL GLOVER pressing upon us will not be solved until we make much more ground than we have been making in Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America recent years in solving our problem of leadership, 1. As related to the work of the mission in among missionaries, indigenous churches, and China there are the following problems: mission boards and their auxiliary agencies. a. The continued communist menace in several provjnces of Central China. The present situation ROBERT P. WILDER in Kweichow and Szechwan is particularly seri- ous. Two C. I. M. missionaries in Kweichow have Formerly Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement,. been in the communists' hands since October 1, Recently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council and two others have recently been killed.

1. Some of the present day problems in the for- b. The difficulties confronting the Chinese churches in their efforts toward full self-support eign mission enterprise are the problems due to and taking a larger share in the work of carrying the Gospel further afield. I refer especially to the non-Christian religions, humanism, secular- exhorbitant taxation, burdens imposed by milita- rists, and heavy losses through communist banism, nationalism and the growing power of com- munism. / 2. Among indigenous Christians are the prob- lems due to persecution, especially on the part of ditry and calamities such as flood, famine, and fanatical Moslems and caste-ridden Hindus. pestilence.

There are also the problems of indifference. Often c. The cruel persecution of Christians among among indigenous Christians, the second and third several of the aboriginal tribes of Southwest generations have lost some of the glow and radi- China, notably the Lisu in west Yunnan. Bitter ance which the first generation possessed. This persecution is being meted out there by greedy is sometimes shown in diminished evangelistic and unscrupulous officials, because of the Chriszeal, in less of the prayer spirit, in doubt as to the tians' refusal to grow opium, and because of the full trustworthiness of God's Word, less reliance steady shrinkage of the whiskey trade due to the upon the power of the Holy Spirit, and less time rapid increase in the number of Christians. given to Bible study. 2. As related to the enterprise in general- 3. Among missionaries we find at times it is a problem to establish a firm conviction about the Undoubtedly the greatest problem, far more necessity of maintaining the devotional life serious than the financial depression, is the loss through giving an adequate time each day to Bible or weakening of conviction on the part of so many study for personal spiritual growth and private in the home churches, ministers in particular, reprayer. Work presses in, especially when the mis- garding the great essential truths of the Christian sionary staff is depleted owing to the financial faith. "Modernistic" teaching in seminaries and crisis. preaching in many pulpits are directly responsible for this. The inevitable and obvious results are 4. Some missionaries seem not to realize fully the waning of missionary interest and the dehow essential it is to know how to do personal crease of missionary giving among those thus work with individuals. Some are strong in pre- affected. senting the claims of Jesus Christ to an audience, but weak in helping an individual to take the de- If the missionary work of the Church is really cisive step in definitely accepting Christ as per- a divine enterprise, and not a merely humanistic sonal Saviour and Lord. project, then how can God's blessing be expected upon it, if ~ny are harbored in its ranks who are 5. It is not always easy to warn young mission- disloyal to His Word and reject the truths that aries against an assumed superiority as belonging lie at the very heart of the Gospel which we have to a better race than that to which the people been commanded to take to the whole world, and belong, among whom he labors. The Christian if "another gospel" is substituted? It is idle to a't- Gospel is one of love and should always produce tempt to make the economic depression wholly rein a missionary the right attitude toward other sponsible for the falling off of missionary support races and religions. when at least part of the cause clearly lies else- where. The ,cure cannot be effected until the 6. In the churches in America, we find the prob- cause is acknowledged and removed. lem of how to secure a deeper spirituality and a

PRESENT PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS

STEPHEN ]. COREY during the past three years that there is danger American Secretary of the United Christian Missionary Society lest we lose our capacity to be distressed at the injury to the work. The depression attitude has The problems, as I see them, include: already become a habit with some people, and 1. An exaggerated feeling that personal and lo- while many are in genuine want, others have been cal problems eclipse all else, although this is not too ready to avail themselves of the excuse af- as evident as a year ago. A sort of "pernicious forded by the psychology of the times.

localitis" effects both interest and giving. Anxious to prove to their constituencies that 2. The difficulty of maintaining interest when every economy was being practiced, boards have so many missionaries have returned from the vied with one another in making reductions in fields. We have been too slow in building interest their budgets and it has actually been true that a around Christian nationals and churches. We board which could show the most drastic cutting must press this point hard. They are our children has gained the highest approval of the Church- in the faith and greatly deserve and need our and this at a time when the need of the world for prayer, interest, and our support when necessary. Christ is so desperately apparent!

3. There has been too much dependence upon 3. In certain quarters there has been a relaxa- loyalty to organization and not enough on the tion of those basic Christian convictions that con- inherent necessity of the missionary enterprise stitute the very premises of the missionary enter- as an inevitable and inescapable part of an ade- prise. The nature of sin and its consequences, the quate Christian program. depth of man's need for Christ and the indispen- 4. The ideals of internationalism and world sability of Christ as the Saviour of the world, are brotherhood have received a severe blow. This elements in the missionary imperative that have has slowed down missionary interest in some either been challenged or rendered indistinct by quarters. the humanistic philosophy that has accompanied 5. The ideals of Christian stewardship have modern "liberalism." These basic Christian prem- slipped somewhat in recent years, due ises are essential to a vigorous missionary attitude a. To the excessive burdens taken by American and program.

churches in more prosperous days, with new build- 4. The spiritual condition that we confront in ings and equipment. The churches now find them- the world today is more difficult to reach than selves taxed to the utmost to amortize and stabi- were the simpler forms of paganism of the past.

lize their capital investments. While millions still cry vainly to gods of wood and b. To the tendency to be satisfied with paying stone, other millions have merely exchanged idol- taxes for relief in substitution for church and atry for godlessness. Surfeited with the super- individual efforts of love and mercy. The first stitions of the past from which they feel them- is necessary, but people forget the wider interest selves emancipated, they have turned violently of the church in a Christian program which state against all religions, and have become repudiators and municipal help can never reach. of faith, haters of God. Professing no God of their own, they deny freedom of worship to others, C. DARBY FULTON and are working to bring the world into one united Executive Secretary, Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, blasphemy. The difficulty of reaching these is immeasurably great. Presbyterian Church in the United States First of all, may I share with you some of our A. C. SNEAD problems: Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance 1. The most obvious problem is due to the fifty per cent decline in financial support, from $1,248,- In the twenty mission fields of The Christian 000 in 1926 to $611,000 last year. Despite these and Missionary Alliance three problems stand out rather desperate figures, we have not had to recall as of major importance. any missionaries, though sickness, age, death and retirement have reduced our missionary personnel 1. In a number of the fields, particularly French from 516 seven years ago to 403 last year. Cuts West Africa, French Indo-China, Netherlands amounting to about thirty per cent in missionary East Indies, southern Philippines, and some provsalaries and stipends, and even heavier reductions inces of China, many' peoples and tribes give eviin appropriations for the work have had to be dence of being moved by the Holy Spirit to a made. Reserves possessed by institutions or by recognition of their need for Jesus Christ as Savmissionaries individually have been used up so iour and Lord when they first hear the Gospel. that we are now face to face with the time when This is so marked in some tribes that the number the work must depend only on its present support. of missionaries and native Christian workers is much too small to properly present the Word of 2. We have become so accustomed to reductions God to interested inquirers.

2. Another problem, met especially in Borneo 5. The widespread interest in evangelization and a French West Africa is that of shepherding and the breaking out of remarkable evangelistic the new converts who have been baptized. For movements in so many parts of the world, also in example, 628 were baptized by one missionary in the raising up of new and mighty evangelists, as one month recently in a district in Borneo, yet to well as apologetic writers and lecturers, within teach these converts and the more than 1500 other the past one or two decades, both among mission- Dyaks baptized during the last three years there aries and nationals. are available only one missionary and two or three native workers. ROBERT P. WILDER 3. A third problem has to do with government Some encouragements, as I see them, are: opposition in some areas, the imposing of an income tax and an increase in property taxes by 1. A growing desire for a religious awakening some governments, thus diverting funds from the missionary work. at home and abroad.

II. PRESENT-DAY ENCOURAGEMENTS 2. A greater spirit of cooperation among re- ROBERT E. SPEER ligious bodies, as seen in the work of the Christian Among the encouragements we see in mission and Missionary Councils and International Miswork today one would suggest: sionary Council; also in the movements which 1. The spirit of the young men and the young women who want to give their lives to foreign look toward church unity, as in Persia and South mISSIOns. A number of first-grade candidates have been earning their way by giving transfu- India and the recent conference of missionaries sions of their own blood. and indigenous Christians on evangelism, Chris- 2. The evidences of the working of God's spirit in individual and collective life, as, for example, tian education and on the production and circulain the baptism of Brahmans in India and the movement in the upper castes. tion of Christian literature. There are also signs 3. The increasing acceptance of the moral au- of closer cooperation between Oriental and Occithority of Christ in non-Christian lands. This is not enough but it is something and it represents dental Christians, as in the Fellowship of Unity a great advance. in Egypt, and in the work of the World's Sunday 4. The reality of the rootage which Christianity has taken all over the world and its indestructibil- School Association. ity by the most hostile forces, even in Russia. 3. The recent growth in the membership of in- 5. The steady growth of the churches on the mission field, in autonomy and self-dependence. digenous churches, as in India where there are 6. The increasing evidence that there is no hope now 6,296,763 Christians; in China' where the for man save in Christ; that the evil forces of the world cannot be conquered except by His Five Year Movement, from 1929 to 1934, has repower. sulted in stimulating the Christians to a deeper JOHN R. MOTT spiritual life and shows a willingness on the part Among the greatest encouragements in foreign missions today I would name: of the Chinese Christians not only to win others 1. The evident growth in conviction among dis- to Christ, but also to shoulder a larger proportion cerning Christian leaders as to our shortcomings and sins of omission. of the financial load carried by missionary soci- 2. The multiplication of fruitful and very re- eties. The Forward Movement in Japan has rewarding pieces of experimentation in missionary methods and practices, covering a wide range in sulted in 50,000 having signed cards, signifying the missionary program. their purpose to follow Jesus Christ. Though all 3. The growing interest in cooperation, notwithstanding failure to take the whole subject of these have not yet joined the Church there is more seriously. increasing evidence that Christians in Japan are 4. The fact that doors are open today, as at no time in the past, to the friendly and constructive recognizing their responsibility to evangelize their ministry of the Christian Gospel. fellow countrymen in Japan and overseas.

4. Another encouragement is found in the work of the Bible Societies. The Bible is still the best seller.

5. It is said that while Latin America has large- ly turned away from organized Christianity a speaker presenting the Christian message, as a new and vital challenge, can always get a sympa- thetic hearing. In Buenos Aires, Santiago and in student centers in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela there have been eager audiences to hear the Gos- pel. – ROBERT HALL GLOVER 1. We of the C. I. M. are greatly encouraged by the sustained interest of our constituency of friends at home, as evidenced by their many let- ters, and also by our contacts in the autumn con-

ferences in the East and the West. Our Prayer Japan, China, India, and Africa all face great Union membership, composed of those who ex- issues and are in expectancy.

press the desire and purpose to pray regularly for 5. The penetration of Christ's influence, far China and the work of the Mission, is steadily beyond what we can count in statistics or mem- increasing. bership in the churches, is a matter for great 2. There has been a steady succession of appli- encouragement. The New Life Movement in cations for service in China; the number during China, based largely on Christian ideals, is an the past year has been particularly large. We illustration. It would be hard to find among edu- sent twenty-six new recruits to China in 1934, and cated and religious nationals anywhere in the non- we must have dealt with three or four times that Christian world, one who would not hail Jesus as number of applications. the ranking ethical teacher of the ages.

Eighteen new workers have also been sent from Great Britain and twelve from Australasia last C. DARBY FULTON year. Over against the problems and difficulties that 3. There has been a steady and substantial ad- face us today one could set a long list of encour- agements that far outweigh the difficulties. I vance of our Forward Movement on the field, with mention three that seem to stand out strikingly ever increasing visible results in conversions and in the missionary picture: baptisms. The opening of nineteen new main centers of work, and the baptism of 7,221 con- 1. The increasing open-heartedness of the peoverts, during 1933, made that a record year in ples of the world to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. the history of the Mission. This is not inconsistent with the fact that many governments seem to be slowly closing to religion. 4. There has been marked blessing attending In the time of Christ, just when the chief priests the special services on many of our stations for and the rulers of the Jews were seeking to destroy the deepening of the spiritual life of the Chris- Him, the common people were hearing Him gladly. tians, and the stirring of them to increased zeal A missionary writes: and effort in behalf of the salvation of souls here at home and the spreading of the Gospel farther "The doors for Gospel advance are flung wide as never afield. Chinese workers and foreign missionaries, before. The church in Brazil faces an unprecedented op- have conducted such services with blessed results. portunity. Crowds everywhere, as reports come in from Special encouragement has also attended the far and near, are willing to hear with attention and symholding of short-term Bible Schools throughout pathy the call of God to repentance and faith in Christ. our mission field, with the object of increasing The day of march has come!" the knowledge of the Word of God among the Writes another: "God evidently wants Africa, for never was the Holy Spirit more manifestly present there. At rank and file of our Christians, and fitting them Luebo Station alone we baptized this year 2,548 adults, and the church is aflame with zeal for Him." for more effective soul winning, and some among From another missionary comes this message: "There them for full-time preaching. During last year 329 such schools were held with a total of 11,500 is a mighty tide sweeping through China. It is the tide enrolled, in addition to our regular Bible Schools, of God's spirit moving upon the hearts of men." for the fuller training of Chinese pastors, evangelists, and Bible women. Dr. Stanley Jones declares that China presents the greatest evangelistic opportunity in the world. Dr. George Truett, returning from a South Amer- STEPHEN J. COREY ican tour, says the supreme challenge is there. Surely God is at work in all the world!

As to encouragements I see the following: 2. The new fervor for evangelism is one of the 1. An increased wistfulness on the part of min- most encouraging factors in the present mission- isters and others for the realities of religion. ary outlook. Despite the limitations that falling 2. Increased cooperative effort on the mission income have placed upon the work, our mission- fields. aries and their fellow workers are everywhere 3. Humility on the part of Christians in the manifesting an eager desire to extend the work recognition that as a church we have not come into unreached territories. In some fields this abreast of Christ's ideals in America and that centrifugal instinct of our missionaries is quite we must go to others depending upon Him and conspicuous. It is interesting to compare the lat- not on our own superiority. est reports of work in Brazil with those of fifteen 4. The great issues that face us abroad bring years ago and see how the names of stations and stirring challenges. The tides of secularism, na- outstations of former years are being replaced tionalism, and communism, call Christian people, from year to year by new towns and communities.

as never before, to take the message and life of The older ones are not abandoned but they are Christ to the whole world. The distress and dis- being brought to self-support as rapidly as pos- quietude of mankind summons us. Also lands like sible in order to release money and personnel for

the work of extension. It is gratifying to note that remains to be finished; there is even more that in several fields, despite every discourage- that yet remains to be begun. ment of the depression, new work has been opened and is being successfully sustained with most 4. The world has always needed Christ. Her gratifying results. need of Him today in the face of her complexity, bewilderment and sin is more apparent than ever. But it is the native leaders themselves that offer the most conspicuous examples of this evan- 5. In some lands, governments seem determined gelistic fervor. One needs only to mention the to close the doors against Christian missions. Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, the Five Year Plan in China, the evangelistic movement 6. The young life of the Church is ready to go that is sweeping certain sections of the Belgian forward. Applications from volunteers are pour- Congo under the leadership of Tshisungu Daniel ing in to our offices from some of the choicest and others, and the quiet revival of prayer and young men and women in the Church, who are personal work in Korea, as examples of such zeal. prepared to answer the need. The significant thing about these movements is that they have not been born in the initiative and 7. When in ~:very sphere of life the peoples of leadership of missionaries, but are the expression the world are being reminded of their mutual of the evangelistic fervor of native sons who have interdependence and responsibility, shall the set their hearts upon the winning of their own Christian Church forget her responsibility to people for Christ. every man or allow her sense of world mission to be dimmed? Dare we forget that our Lord's 3. Where two such movements as the foregoing, command has never been revoked and still conthe eagerness to hear on the one hand, and the stitutes the marching orders of the Church? eagerness to tell on the other, are found parallel, things are bound to happen. And things have A. C. SNEAD happened. The past year has been the most fruitful results in all the more than 70 years of our In presenting the problems I have already made foreign mission history. Outstanding among the results of the year is the record number of 8,383 mention of some encouragements in the fields. added to the church on profession of their faith 1. The Alliance is privileged to preach the Gosin Christ. It is granted that we cannot always measure spiritual results by statistical standards. pel and to have a share in building the Church However, it is a cause for great joy and thanks- of Christ in more language groups today than giving throughout our Church that last year in our foreign fields the number who stood before ever before in its history. The Church in the fields the world to acknowledge their sins and receive is taking over territory formerly under mission Christ as their Saviour exceeded by more than 2,000 those who took this stand in any previous responsibility and the Mission and the Church year. together are going forward into new tribes and To summarize, it is our feeling that the time new areas where the Gospel is thus being preached has come when a call to advance should be sounded for the first time. among the churches of America. Today the whole world situation is like one vast syllogism every 2. Despite government opposition in Cambodia, premise of which leads to but one inevitable con- the results during 1933 and 1934 are more encourclusion, namely, "Forward again in missions!" aging than at any time since the field was entered 1. The openness of the hearts of men and wom- in 1923. In a few fields the work of translating en around the world to the message of Christian the Bible into tribal languages is being steadily missionaries, attested by the letters that come carried forward and last year one of our mission from every field, constitutes a clear call to renew presses printed over 25,000,000 pages of Scripture our missionary advance. portions and Gospel literature.

2. The unparalleled productivity of mission 3. Both in the home church and on the fields work, yielding richer returns than ever before, there is evidence of the gracious working of the encourages us to move forward. Holy Spirit in causing believers to humble them- 3. Vast untouched areas await a new venture selves before God and definitely seek for a revival. of faith. With national churches gradually taking 4. Twenty-six new missionaries were appointed up the burden of the work we have been doing, it should become more and more our missionary for our Alliance fields in 1934 with the expectation aim and purpose to press out into territories where Christ is not known. There is much work of their sailing during the year or in the early months of 1935.

5. We praise God for increased missionary in- terest evident in many of the home churches and for the missionary zeal shown in the younger churches in -the mission fields. .

I believe that, despite every hindrance that Satan brings, we are facing a day of marvelous opportunity for evangelization in many parts of the world and we are encouraged to press forward in the name and by the enabling of Christ our Lord.

Situation in

As Seen by Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin I N THE Neue Allgemeine Missionszeitschrift, is the well organized propaganda such as that of Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin deals with a num- Agha Khan in the Tanganyika territory and oth- ber of present-day problems which are so im- ers. portant that they deserve close study. The first problem is that presented by the world- The fifth consideration is that to which we are forced by the world-wide propaganda of Bolshewide depression, which demands an adjustment vism. Its soil is amazingly well prepared by the to the shrinking incomes of all mission groups. unworthy and in many instances impossible con- This question in the background of all "recent dis- ditions of obtaining a livelihood among the procussions of missionary problems is "How can the letarians of the earth, as for example the 30,000,- important part of mission work be preserved even 000 unemployed and the abysmal poverty of though many related developments must be cut hundreds of millions of peasants in Imlia, China down ?" Can the present retrenchments of the and Japan. The great strength of this kind of sending bodies be made fruitful by granting the propaganda can hardly be over-estimated. new national churches in the mission field a greater measure of independence, and by urging great- Sixth, there looms the awakening, floodlike and er self-support in view of the diminished income powerful influence of an increasing nationalism. from the home boards?" These efforts of the Hand in hand with it, we observe the awakening younger churches on the mission fields are oc- of the national religions and sometimes the recurcurring at the time when they too are affected by rence, as in Germany, Turkey and Persia, of earlier and forgotten religions, which oppose the world depression. Christianity as being irreconcilable with the new Many factors have altered the position of Prot- ethic.

estant missions since the end of the World War. Changes Since the World War The first factor is the enormous loss of prestige Such conditions are entirely different from the which Christian nations suffered by the disillu- sionments which have befallen the non-Christians. views which prevailed before the war. It was These matters are too well known to need discus- then held that occidental civilization was either sion. identical with Christianity, or at least closely con- Second there is the growing gap between Chris- nected with it. This was the great time for such tianity and some views of modern science. All splendid movements as the Student Volunteers, nations want modern sciences and arts; but they the Missionary Education Movement, the Lay- are very reticent about any desire for Christianity men's Movement and for such slogans as "Evan- or the Christian Church. If we meet within the gelization of the World in this Generation." In body of Christendom such a thing as Bolshevism, Germany, in this period, the great colonial expan- with its radical hatred of all religion, and even in sion gave an impetus to missionary undertakings.

a country like Germany see a decided self-asser- Now, however, many churches are passing tion of a new German paganism on a nationalistic through an era of an ebbing of interest, a reac- basis, need we wonder at a holding back from tion! This reaction is to be deplored. During the Christianity on the part of non-Christian peoples? time referred to there were in most of the fields Third, we should earnestly consider the sur- efforts at work which were to crown the preceding prising progress made by the Roman Catholic efforts, by leading the young churches toward a Church in Africa and the Dutch East India, with complete self-support. But such aims demanded an expenditure of men and money such as the time for maturing. The highly developed conduct combined Protestant missions cannot equal. In of Protestant missions contained within itself an French, Belgian and Portuguese countries this inclination toward institutionalism, such as the Papal church may count on a far-reaching assist- founding of colleges, universities, hospitals, Y. M.

ance from the colonial authorities. C. A. buildings, publication houses. In the case Fourth, in the last few years before the World of even a great lessening of the supply of men War it seemed as if the progress of Islam had and means, there arises a danger of freezing up been retarded. Now we observe that in equatorial the assets of such enterprises. The men and Africa and in Further India, this religion is mak- monies necessary for the work of evangelization ing its power of assimilation felt among the prim- and the growth of the missionary enterprise leave itive peoples within its reach. A decisive factor too few means available for the magnificent enter- [17 ]

prises which have already been called into being. There is the hope that these young churches Dr. Richter thinks that there should be a new will develop a sufficiently large and strong initia- consideration of the work of missions but he de- tive that they will be able to take care of the non- clines such a study on the basis of some sugges- Christian masses surrounding them. We point tions in "Rethinking Missions." There should not with great hopes to the Five Year Plan of Cheng- be any reduction of the Biblical message of salva- chin-yi, the Kingdom-of-God Movement of Kaga- tion. Neither can there be any "moratorium" of wa and can well rejoice in what they have the missionary obligation on account of urgent attained. But as yet, the new churches, notwith- demands at home. The all-obliging missionary standing their excellencies, have not acquired the command, the royal authority and the divine missionary attack that is needed. Besides, we promise are sufficient for all believing Christians. can hardly compute the comparatively enormous What May We Expect? expenditures of effort and means required to carry on such work asthe occidental churches can carry, What may we expect as the fruit of our mission owing to the momentum acquired through the work? Dr. Richter enumerates answers to this centuries.

question, based upon experience gained in many 3. This places us before a great and difficult ages and many countries. task. At present many free missions are hunting 1. There are in Christian history three typical for unoccupied fields for their activity. Most of developments: First, the permeation of the Ro- them fail. The result is that Protestant missions man Empire by the Christian spirit and the Chris- tend to degenerate into aimless guerilla warfare.

tian Church in its competition with Oriental Besides, when we consider the many costly un- mystery cults, then the century of effort to realize dertakings carried by the sending churches, such "One Church-One Empire," and a failure of all as the establishment of such institutions as were these efforts since the rise in the fifth century of mentioned above, how can we expect these young- various separatistic churches. er churches to undertake work of such dimensions, Secondly, in the Germano-Slavic middle ages without abundant assistance from the sending the passing over of entire tribes and peoples under churches?

the leadership of their rulers and then a very slow 4. In the last century the missionary enterprise and very gradual penetration of these peoples with found open doors everywhere. Dr. Richter shows the Christian spirit and ethics. Thirdly, in the by the example of the missions in Africa that, Spanish-Portuguese national or state missions of while then one could be of the opinion that paganthe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with ism would soon collapse and what was most Church and State in close alliance, the setting-up needed was to gather the new Christians into of a hierarchy with state subvention. Modern churches, this is far from being true today. Modmissions offer few parallels to such work as the ern civilization is entering Africa by the three christianizing of the South Sea Islanders, largely channels of Protestantism, Catholicism and Islam under the influence of their rulers. and these forms are fighting each other tooth and 2. Nowadays the attention of Protestant mis- nail. However the Protestant churches today face sions is focused on the development of Christian the task of gathering the Negro peoples, so far as groups, with the aim of making them National possible, into Christian churches and train them Churches. It is generally thought that, when this into a real Christian life.

aim is attained, there will be no further need than 5. In Asia the strata first reached by the new to assist such churches in the case of emergencies. influences were the cultured circles. This may be Is such an expectation justified? First of all, in traced most easily in the case of three leading most mission countries the Protestants constitute countries. In Japan, the Samurai were the real only a small percentage of the total population. light bearers of culture. They have also given the For instance, in China two-thirds of a million church some outstanding leaders, such as Neeamong 500 millions, in Japan, 200,000 among 65,- sima, Ouchimura, Kagawa. In India, broader 500,000, in India five millions among 350 millions. areas were more quickly reached, but the caste In none of these countries is the Christian increase system stood in the way. In China the literati less than the increase in the number of births, so that the ratio is constantly shifted. Secondly, in were the on£s who hindered the spread of the all these countries we cannot fail to notice two incoming religious influence, but in more rece'nt peculiar characteristics, the one tending to isolate times there was being prepared a notable change the Christian bodies, the other to absorb them here too. However, since the war, the condition completely. We are not yet advanced to the point of things has changed surprisingly. The greatest where we may be sure that the present day Chris- difficulties today come from the growth of nation- tian groups will escape a similar fate. alism, which in most cases has become a violent

PRESENT SITUATION IN MISSIONS

passion and proves a considerable hindrance to 9. A noteworthy fact is seen in the circumstance the spread of Christian missions. that early Christianity faced a world in the proc- ess of dissolution, while the modern missionary 6. The question arises whether we might not finds that ancient systems are becoming more conhave some other means of reaching the great solidated. This is eminently the case with Hindumasses of Asia, aside from the natural work with ism and Confucianism and only in the case of individuals. In the world of Islam, most mission- Islam in Turkey is it possible to observe a general aries still feel that they must observe a waiting breaking down of the old. attitude before closed doors. But we still have the tried means of entering wedges, such as medical In early mission work in Europe, the bearers of work, schools and colportage. In Japan the work the Gospel found fresh youthful masses that were of Kagawa seems to find access to the masses. In not influenced by any great civilizing movements. India the efforts among those not in the castes We meet such a condition now only in Africa and seem to be gaining in influence. In China we face the South Seas; but in Asia the missionaries have a catastrophe in civilization, and that of colossal had to face ancient cultures, and their initial sucdimensions. Two overpowering influences are at cesses were gained mostly among the lower strata work through the collapse of the ancient Manchu of society. Today the problem is to reach those power. This involves not only the whole ruling who are the possessors of higher culture. In the system with its prestige and its cultural forms, attitude so far observed among such peoples, many but also the break-down of the old Confucian missionaries have had the feeling that all doors system of scholars and men of letters. Three were closed and all seats occupied. Now there are great forces are now entering the country: an indications that catastrophic changes are impendun-religious science, communism and Christianity. ing. Bolshevism is a new force which is present- China and Africa present the greatest missionary ing an aggressive front all over the world and problems in the Christian Church today. people are weighing the claims of Bolshevism against those of Christianity. Here the mission- 7. Christian leaders are sure that foundations ary faces not only a challenge, but an opportunity. have to be dug deeper along three important lines. The first field is the ethical, and spiritual. The 10. Since Lausanne, Christians have come to an problem shows itself most clearly in Africa. There understanding of the definite and essential conpaganism appeared under six forms, ancestor wor- tent of the Christian message. In this there has ship, magic, tyranny of chiefs, polygamy, slavery been a decided gain for the preaching of the and tribalism. Since missionaries were convinced Gospel. that these conditions were impossible among Christians they very properly proceeded to exter- 11. Dr. Richter says that great spiritual moveminate them. However it was frequently over- ments usually pass over peoples like great waves. looked that in the conditions that had matured for He thinks that all countries are at present not on centuries, there might prevail aspects that could the crest of any such waves, but in the depressions be used for the implanting of that which is truly between them. He refers once more to the great Christian. In many cases the African was con- losses which the world has incurred in recent sequently so denationalized that there remained years, such as the collapse of the church in Russia, nothing that could be done, except to ingraft a the liquidation of Panislamism and the Caliphate, life that was really foreign. Now the problem is and the breakdown of Confucianism in China. seen under the aspect of so anchoring the Chris- He mentions also the stop of great Christian movetian church in the native life, that the strength ments in the United States, and similar collapses that actually inheres in it may be used to make its in Germany. powers helpful to the Christian development. A careful study of present-day conditions and Three methods have been held proper in India. resources must give us the conviction for our faith The Roman Catholic Church acted as if paying no and a guidance for our conduct as follows: attention to caste. The Leipzig Mission regarded caste as a social and civil order, which merely That the living God is quietly building His Kingneeded to be purged of non-Christian extrava- dom through all the confusion of the peoples and gances. The Anglo-Saxon missions in the main that this is the end of the ways of God. regarded caste as a satanic perversion that must be utterly exterminated. That the person of Jesus Christ is central for all Christian proclamation and that all mission- 8. A similar problem arises from the conditions of language. At present it is being more fully ary preaching must have its start and goal in it. recognized that the language of a people contains peculiar elements of power that may be fully util- That Jesus Christ and His salvation is the final ized and thus become of great help in the develop- and deepest answer to all questions of human bement of a people. ings and that it is our task to hear the questions that arise from the depths of men and to give the true answer to them.

IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE* By REV. W. H. Moss, M.A., B.D., HYTHE, ALBERTA, CANADA Do you sometimes plan what you would do if you suddenly became a millionaire? I am do- ing that today after spending two days of pastoral calling in a homesteading part of my parish. I parked my car near the highway and borrowed horse and buggy for the bush trails. Later I parked horse and buggy in the bush and walked more than two miles to visit a lonely bachelor on the far side of a muskeg over which horse and buggy could not travel. Incidentally I got my feet wet. My friend served dinner-fried potatoes, fried eggs, fried meat. (How do their stomachs stand it year after year?) As I was going from place to place, I was wishing I had money. If I were to become a millionaire, I think I should do some of the following things: 1. I should ask for Divine guidance in the discharge of such a responsible mission as the wise handling of so much money.

2. I should give at least one-half to the Missionary and Maintenance Fund.

3. I should continue to be a home missionary.

4. I should, as long as possible, let no one know that I had money, lest I become the prey of those who would besiege me with requests for help and so interfere with my regular work.

5. I should payoff the debt on the local church and relieve my people of the almost intol- erable burden of paying eight per cent interest and thus put new heart into them for complet- ing their place of worship.

6. I should send to Edmonton for a hundred-dollar violin that was sent in by a new settler for repairs two or three years ago and is being held there until the bill of thirteen dollars is settled. Thereby great joy would return to this music-loving homesteader who really needs his beloved instrument for the good of his soul.

7. I should take a pair of shoes to the cobbler and have patches put on the soles.

8. I should accede to the unusual request of one man for certain drugs for the treatment of bedbugs. He says he can't abide them.

9. I should buy school books for a girl. The grade desired is being taught in the local school and all she requires to continue her education is about eight dollars for books.

10. I should send a most promising young man to university in order that he prepare him- self for the Christian ministry.

11. I should buy organs for three log schools where I hold services.

12. I should provide a home in this village under the care of a Christian matron, so that several girls in the surrounding district might go on to school. Their people can supply meat and vegetables; what is needed is a place to stay and that place ought to be under reliable supervision.

13. I should build a hospital here, for the nearest at present is forty-five miles away and difficult to reach when roads are blocked in winter. I should have free medical service for the poor. Then there would need to be no babies born in crude shacks without a doctor in attend- ance.

14. I should give to every minister on a home mission field a year's leave of absence once in seven years and pay all expenses while he and his family visited their friends and he took a term at college.

*** But as I am not a millionaire, I pray that I be not like the Irishman who had a needy friend and said that if he had two cows he would give him one; and yet he did have two pigs and would not give one of those.

• Adapted from the United Ohurch Record and Mi88io,nary Review.

Cooperative Advance at

By the REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D.

President of the Home Missions Council; Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the United States I T SEEMS anomalous under existing conditions These Christian leaders felt that a new social in the Church today to be speaking of an ad- order, new conditions territorially, religiously 1l.nd vance. The organized forces of Christianity ecclesiastically required a new strategy and a new are almost everywhere sounding the note of re- approach to the whole problem. Consequently treat. The slogan along the whole battle line is they launched "The New Cooperative Advance." that of retrenchment. Nearly all the home mis- If the advance of former days had spent its force, sion boards are either marking time or have re- a new advance would have to be made, so that called a large part ·of their forces from the field. home missions might always be true to its real Whole areas which were once missionary ground genius and spirit.

have been given up and the financial pressure has This new advance was to be along three distinct been such that curtailment of effort has become lines.

imperative and has caused grave concern among 1. The old home mission advance was on de- missionary leaders. nominational lines and the early religious history The heart and kernel of the work of home mis- of America was based largely upon denomination- sions has always been the pioneer spirit. The alism. This was practically inevitable when home mission forces have always constituted the America was new and young. Denominationalism advance guard of the Church. They have blazed had its rise in national, social, lingual, creedal, new trails, opened up new highways, discovered new areas and have always marched breast for- and racial peculiarities. I ward at the van of the procession. That is the very genius of this great movement in the bosom Some of these were an importation from the 'old or world, and some grew out of the religious soil ill America itself. But whatever their origin of the Church. A little more than a century ago historical basis, these denominations were per- the religious forces of North America were cen- petuated and extended into other sections of the tered in the eastern part of the continent. Then country. This has resulted in an oversupply of when the various denominations became auton- churches in many communities and has become the omous and indigenous, there followed a wave of chief target of the critics and of the cynics. It missionary expansion such as has never been wit- has resulted in the multiplication of churches of nessed in any age or in any land. Impelled by an many stripes and names, of sects, some of which onward urge the forces of Christianity pressed are so small as to be mere insects. This has been into the virgin lands and into the frontiers of our the scandal of Protestantism in America. Some country. The results were astounding. Churches churches are so small that they have no ability to and schools and colleges sprang up like Jonah's function effectively in Kingdom building. They gourd overnight and dotted the land with religious have a struggle for self-preservation. They be- a,nd educational institutions. All this was accom- come ends in themselves and thus they obscure plished practically within the space of a century the real mission of a church in a community.

and a half. Then suddenly, as though a hand had The new home mission advance now shifts the reached down, this expansive program of the emphasis from denominationalism to interdenom- Church was arrested. It halted along the whole inationalism. It does not advocate undenomina- front until today we are compelled to take an in- tionalism but it espouses interdenominationalism.

ventory of stock and make a fresh 'appraisal of It believes that there are foci points where denom- our task. Noone so keenly sensed this change of inations can join hands and where united effort conditions as did the home mission leaders. About becomes more effective, if not more economical, ten years ago they began to see which way the than single handed denominational activity.

wind was blowing and undertook to set their sails 2. The second new line of advance is that of in the right direction. They who walked late on cooperative effort. The old home mission enter- the deck saw strange lights rise and fall and they prise was inspired largely by the competitive prepared to meet the new situation when once it spirit. Each denomination tried to outrun, out- confronted them. strip, outdo the others. The law of the jungle [21 ]

prevailed. The Nietsche law of the superman in activity. Even this is better than unfriendly rivreligious circles dominated almost every situation. alry and un-Christian competition, but it by no Consequently there was a rivalry for place, pres- means exhausts the meaning of comity. There is tige, power. The rivalry was not always friendly. a positive aspect which involves not merely keep- The Kingdom of God suffered violence and the ing out of each others' way, but also means muviolent took it by force. There was a regular tual support and aid. Comity involves the idea stampede to occupy territory first, to erect the of the "big brother" on the part of denominations. most handsome, most costly edifice, and to secure Thus when a given field is allocated to a denomthe largest possible membership. Proselytism was ination the other denominations should say not practiced beyond measure and the church that had merely "Go to it-God bless you," but they should the pull and had the preacher and had the purse, come forward with their treasures, their money, got the lion's share and the others had to take the their members and pour the same into the allohindmost. Many a poor, discouraged minister had cated field so that the denomination that has asto be satisfied with the gleanings in the corners sumed responsibility for it can meet the situation of the field which had been neglected by the har- adequately. This can be done far more readily in vesters who reaped the full harvest. And all this new than in old communities. In new communitime the established Church in the East kept pour- ties local loyalties and traditions have not yet had ing money into these "mission fields" which were time to take root and develop as is the case in old largely competition centers. and well-established communities.

The wastefulness, the extravagance, the sinful- Certainly such principles of comity could be ness of this sort of ruthless rivalry in due time readily worked out among foreign-speaking comlaid hold upon the consciousness and conscience munities. Already much progress is being made of missionary leaders. They saw what a violation along many lines. I name only a few. There is this was of the spirit of the Christ whom they the matter of Religious Work Directors in Govprofessed to serve. And they said among them- ernment Indian schools. There is the work among selves, "This thing must stop!" There must be a the Mexicans, where nine denominations are cosubstitute for competition. There must be an end operating in work among Mexicans and Spanishto ecclesiastical rivalry. And happily they hit speaking Americans. There are the Summer upon the word cooperative, and declared that the Schools for rural ministers; there is the Chrishome mission advance must be along cooperative tian Approach to the Jews; there are definite lines. They set up committees on Comity; they local projects such as at Radburn, New Jersey; advocated the organization of State and City Boulder City, Nevada; the Tennessee Valley Councils, and projected programs of united action. Project; the work in the West Indies, in Puerto This involved a change of the whole psychology Rico and Santo Domingo. There have been set up of the churches but this cannot be effected over Denominational Community Churches, Federnight. Prejudices and policies are too deep seated ated Churches, Undenominational Community to be immediately supplanted by something else. Churches and Affiliated Churches. It is evident A long process of education is required to change that the home mission forces are on the advance people's mental and moral attitudes. Today no in Comity and Cooperation. one can question the rising tide of interest in comity and cooperation throughout the Protestant 3. The old home mission work centered its ef- Church. This growing interest proceeds in part forts almost exclusively upon individuals. The from practical considerations. Our Home Mis- work of making Americans Christians has been sion and Church extension agencies are financially only a partial success, as statistics sadly reveal. embarrassed and sheer necessity is compelling Out of 125,000,000 people, at least 70,000,000 rethem to pool their forces and resources with main outside of any organized institutions of reothers if the task is to be completed. This interest ligion. The National Home Missions Congress in springs also from spiritual considerations. Minor Washington, 1930, stated the task of home misissues which divide us are being put into the back- sions as involving "the winning of men and women ground and major issues which unite us are thrust to discipleship of Jesus Christ and to unite them into the foreground. The clearer vision of the with other disciples in the fellowship of the Chrismeaning, and the mission of the Church is serv- tian Church." ing as a great unifying and cooperative impetus among all right thinking people. This is only one phase of the task. The Con- gress went on to say that the task is also "to bring But comity has both a negative and a positive the Christian impulse to bear upon the broad, aspect. Negatively, it means not interfering with social and civic questions of our day." In other the plans of my Christian neighbor. It is the easy, words the new cooperative advance includes em- "let alone" policy in the field of denominational phasis on the social application of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the christianization of all of life as

NEW COOPERATIVE ADVANCE AT HOME

well as of every life. It insists that all relation- and unified promotion of all the interests of the ships of life must be brought under the dominant Church. control of Christ. Here we face a task of tremendous proportions. This is a real job and the 2. An Advance in Promotion. This involves: task remains unfinished until every area of life (1) The bringing to the Protestant Church of is thoroughly christianized. Horrie missions today America a new vision of its entire task. (2) A is as nect!ssary and its opportunity is as great as thorough coordination of all the agencies of the ever in the history of our nation. The enterprise Church in an inclusive program in order that their somehow must recover its ancient passion and essential unity may be adequately expressed. (3) power. To the Church there must be restored a Not only to express this essential unity but at the sense of urgency and obligation in christianizing same time to contribute to the efficiency, the econ- America. But this task must be done not in the omy and the goodwill of the total task. haphazard, helter skelter fashion of pioneer and frontier days, but along well planned and defi- In the language of Dr. Henry W. A. Hanson, nitely constructive ways. The program must be President of Gettysburg College and Chairman of along educational and inspirational lines, based the Special Committee on Review and Forecast: upon sound ethical principles involving construc- "If Christianity is to make an impress of any contive methods of comity and cooperation. sequence, it will be done by a cooperating Church. The time has come for suspicions and misunder- The Home Missions Council and the Council of standings, based largely on superficial differences, Women for Home Missions have planned this co- to be put into the background. The great task of operative advance along two fronts: putting Jesus Christ into the life of our age will be achieved only by a cooperating Christian 1. An Advance in Program. (1) This involves Church. Will the Church be equal to the opporan adequate occupancy of every community with tunity of the present hour? If we fail in this the Christian ministry. (2) The avoidance as far as possible of all duplication of effort and of com- hour, the opportunity will be gone and we shall petition. (3) The setting up over the whole field of interdenominational organizations, in regions, stand condemned as unprofitable servants who states and cities, for the purpose of church planning, comity adjustments, cooperative activities have failed in a great crisis."

In the language of Dr. E. Stanley Jones: "We cannot go further unless we go deeper."

Satisfied I do not ask that I may see all of the road But if my groping hand can find Thee close beside My feet must press from day to day. Me, when the darkness closes round; I do not pray that all the burden of my load, If o'er my heart Thy love flows like a tender tide From off my heart be dropped away. When heavy burdens press me down; I do not wish that all the stones that bruise my If I can feel Thine arm about me when I fall feet Because the path is rough and steep; Be flung from off the path I climb. If I can lift my tear-stained face at Thy sweet I do not want the sorrows that my soul must meet, call Changed to some ecstasy sublime. When torn by pain and sorrow deep.

Then will the wounds I bear more precious be than gold, Or any treasure I can gain.

Then sudden shock or conflict fierce will find me bold To stand for Thee, nor heed the pain.

Then with Thy tenderness my brother's head I'll raise, And walk his faltering steps beside; Rejoicing in Thy love and at Thy smile of praise. And .0-1 shall be satisfied. -Don C. Carver, in The Christian Intelligencer.

a Kurd Becomes a

The Remarkable Story of a Moslem Mullah of Kurdistan -~I J; ;I ;;;;;;PI;;;;;;E"""RS_O;;;;;;N=====!.III~ ====B"""Y"""D"""E"""L;;;;;;A;;;;;;V;;;;;;AN=;;;;;;L;;;;;;.

ISLAM is proverbially the impregnable rock or religious dignitaries, and his father, Mullah which defies the advance of Christian mis- Rassul, was a distinguished Moslem theologian. sions. Raymond Lull, the early apostle to Mos- The boy was brilliant in mind and devout in spirit. lems, declared that he would die content if he At six years of age he could read the Koran and could see one follower of Mohammed truly con- soon mastered the Persian classics and Moslem verted to the Christian faith. Of all Moslems theology. When he was thirteen his father died there are probably none more fanatical and bit- and Sa'eed, a student of Moslem law and theology, terly antagonistic to Christianity than the Kurds became a teacher in the mosque school. He ad- of Kurdistan. These people are hardy mountain- vanced rapidly in religious and literary circles, eers, living in the territory of western Asia, a was considered a brilliant theologian, a master of t~rtitory extending from Lake Van and Mount Persian literature and a pious worshipper in the Arttrat to Kermanshah in Persia. They are fierce mosque. He was initiated into the mystic and fighters and many are brigands. Dr. Isaac Yonan powerful Naksh-Bandi order of the Sunni sect of'/(jrumia calls them generally "illiterate, crafty, and was looked upon as the rising star of Senneh.

wild, fanatically religious, warlike, lazy, treacher- While he was still in his teens people came from ous, cruel, hospitable, independent and remorse- far and near to ask him to write prayers, to be less robbers ….. To a Kurd a rifle of any new sewn in their clothes or hung in their houses, to European model is worth more than a wife, and ward off sickness and misfortune.

a good horse is worth more than a wife and two While Sa'eed was still in his early teens, he first concubines!' These people are all blindly fanat- came into contact with Christianity. Two of his ical members of the Sunni sect-those who strict- private pupils were sons of a Roman Catholic ly follow Moslem tradition. merchant and in their family he saw the use of Can one of such a race, and with such inborn strong drink which is very obnoxious to orthodox prejudices and wild ways of life, be persuaded to Moslems. A copy of the New Testament in Per- forsake his people and religion and become a true sian came into his hands through a student but follower of Jesus Christ? It is certainly impos- he could not understand it and a Catholic priest sible through any message or philosophy'recom- whom he ·consulted could not explain passages mended in the Laymen's Missionary report. that puzzled him. So he cast the book away in But that such a transformation is possible disgust. Image and picture worship, both ana- through the Gospel of Jesus Christ, is clearly thema to Moslems, which he saw in Catholic homes proved in the story of Sa'eed the Kurd, of SennElh' .a.nd.:cliurches, jed~himto believe that all Chris- who became Sa'eed, Khan, the Beloved Physician tians were idolaters and gewors (heathen). He of Teheran. His experience is one of the most gave thanks that he was a Moslem and determined remarkable and thrilling in the annals of mission- to do all in his power to bring infidel Christians ary history. The man is today an answerable to the true worship of.Allah as revealed in the argument for the power of Christ and the worth- Koran. .'~ whileness of Christian missions.* Thus he became~till more studious and devout Sa'eed was born seventy years ago in Sen- in his observance' of all the requirements of his neh, a city of some 60,000 inhabitants, with the Islamic faith. – reputation for being the most fanatical in Eastern At about this time an Assyrian Protestant Kurdistan. It has more mosques than any other Christian, Kasha Yohannan (Pastor John) of city of its size. Sa'eed came of a line of mullahs, Urumia came to Senneh, sent by the American –;-;rhls remarkable life-story is told In "The Belo·ved Physician of missionaries as an evangelist. He inquired for bTuerhyeraPnr,e"ssb, yNDasrh. vIisllaea,c TYenonneasnseoef. Pe$r1s.i0a0.. Published by the C<>kes- some one to teach him Persian and was referred [24 ] DR. SA'EED KHAN, THE CHRIST'I'&N KURD, AND HIS SONS to Mullah Mohammed Sa'eed as he was then called. controversy was an eye-opener for Sa'eed and Finally an agreement was reached whereby the created in him a genuine admiration for his mullah would teach the pastor Persian in ex- Christian teacher. change for lessons in Syriac. They used the Psalms and the Gospels in Persian and Syriac as At this time the elder brother, Kaka, the head a basis for their study. At first Sa'eed would not of the family, became disturbed over the growing give a "Salaam" (peace be on you) on entering friendship, and forbade Sa'eed to continue assothe house of this unbeliever so he deceived him by ciating with the gewor. But when the young man saying "Sahham" (may the sword come upon explained that his purpose was to expose the unyou). While the Prophet Mohammed indorsed tenable position of Christians and to lead them to both the Old and New Testament, Moslem tradi- the true faith, Kaka was persuaded to withdraw tion teaches that the Bible of the Christians is a his prohibition. The brilliant youth continued to hopelessly corrupted form of the original text. visit and argue with the older pastor who dis- Pastor John's prayers were not formal but sin- cussed with him patiently the relative merits of cere and included confession of sin and petitions Islam and Christianity, comparing the Bible and for friends and enemies alike-something abso- the Koran, Jesus and Mohammed. Sa'eed began lutely foreign to Islam. The pastor was a man to see that the Pastor understood the Bible and of tact and loving spirit. He did not criticize also the Koran. They read together the Sermon Mohammed or the Koran but lived a Christian on the Mount and the Gospel of John, one prelife before his pupil-teacher and so won his con- senting the social principles of Christianity and fidence and respect. the other presenting the evidence of the deity of Jesus. The Psalms and Isaiah brought to light Christian work among Moslems being pre- the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah-all scribed in Senneh, Pastor John started his mis- points of controversy between Moslems and Chrissionary work among the Jews. One day a group tians. Sa'eed's interest deepened from day to day. of young Jews challenged him to prove that Jesus He compared the prophecies, the birth and life was the promised Messiah of the Old Testament. and death of Jesus with the history of Moham- Sa'eed happened to be present and, as a neutral, med. The explanations of Sheik Imam J umeh was asked to act as judge. Later Sa'eed wrote: were not satisfactory, while those of Pastor John "Pastor John, throughout the discussion that last- showed knowledge and honest reasonableness. ed three hours, impressed me with his unpreju- Sa'eed had been taught that Old Testament prophdiced honesty and remarkable knowledge of the ecies referred to Mohammed not to Christ but Old Testament. I often had to rebuke the Jews as he read the forty-second chapter of Isaiah and for their stupidity and hardness of heart." This other passages he could not fit them into the his-

tory of the prophet of Mecca. The one was the Finally Christ conquered. Sa'eed says, "In the embodiment of love and purity and peace; the twinkling of an eye the raging sea was hushed, other was the prophet of the law, of compromise and peace flooded my soul. I could not have ex- with the flesh and an advocate of war. Sa'eed plained why I loved Jeesus but I was simply began to study Hebrew so that he might find out charmed." It had taken two years to reach this if the Old Testament had ,been accurately trans- decision and Sa'eed had counted the cost. He knew lated. Later he said: that apostasy was looked up'on among his people "The things that impressed me most and caused as a crime worthy of death.. ,' His bigoted brother the light to come into my soul were the beautiful and uncles and the whole clan would be enraged life of Pastor John, his truthfulness, his wisdom at the thought of one of their number-a mullah- and knowledge of the Scriptures. As I compared becoming a renegade. It was a gigantic battle this with my own life and the lives of great Mos- for a youth of eighteen, but he felt convinced that lem ecclesiastics I said: 'Surely there must be in God was with him. Soon after this Pastor John Christianity something more sweet and powerful was obliged to.1eave Sennah but before leaving he than there is in Islam.' ….. One day I asked the baptized Sa'eed behind closed doors.

pastor plainly: 'What do Christians think of Mo- For some time the young convert continued to hammed?' He hesitated and then said, 'Jesus said teach in the mosque and to perform his duties as that false prophets would come after Him. The a muezzin five times a day. Then one day, as he life and character of Mohammed are such that read the words of Christ, "Ye cannot serve two we do not think he is a worthy prophet to repre- masters," he seemed to hear a voice saying to sent the Holy God.''' him: "Sa'eed, you are trying to serve two mas- But Sa'eed was not ready to yield. He was ters. You do not believe in what you testify in angry and returned Pastor John's Bible, ceased the muezzin call that 'Mohammed is the apostle his visits for a time and devoted himself more of God.''' That evening he compromised and in than ever to the Koran, to his religious duties, to place of calling out, "ashad-inna" (I testify) he his religious teaching and to his work as a muez- used the words "astakh-/er-Allah" (God forbid) zin (giving the daily calls to prayer). But he that Mohammed is the apostle of God. But this could not escape from Christ. One day the thought did not long satisfy his sense of loyalty to his came to him: "What, after all, if Mohammed was Master. One day when he was sitting in a vine- an imposter?" The shock was so terrific that yard, reading the story of the crucifixion and men- Sa'eed began to buffet himself saying, "0, cursed tally picturing Christ's death on the cross for him, fellow. Satan has got hold of your heart." He he had a desire to celebrate the communion.

sought cleansing and peace by ablutions and Opening his handkerchief he took out the bread prayers, but in vain. He was in agony and con- for his luncheon squeezed grapes into the palm tinually sleepless. One night he jumped up de- of his hand and partook of them in memory of termined to atone for his blasphemy against his Christ. "The vineyard became a temple and the prophet. He branded his legs with live coals, common meal a sacrament." New strength came making two deep scars to remind him that he was into his soul and he decided that he must deny a Moslem and that he must never again converse himself, take up his cross and follow Christ. That on religion with a gewor. night there was no muezzin call from the minaret.

Still peace did not come to the soul of Sa'eed. His kinsfolk noted the silence of Sa'eed's voice As the scars on his legs healed the burning in his and feared that he might be ill. When the young heart grew more unbearable. The. more he studied and taught the Koran, the more he discovered its man came home he found members of the clan errors. One night, as he returned from the mosque gathered and he handed his brother a letter which he stumbled and fell. Lifting up his voice he read: cried out, "0 God, make plain to me the right way and I will follow it. Otherwise I will go insane." In the nu'/11./l of one only God My Brother: The dangers to my life grow greater day by day. I am a Christian and confess it to you openly. If you will murder your brother my life is in your hands. I cannot escape-yet death will be gain to me. If you In an instant he says, "I felt lifted up and made spare my life, I will be thankful and will serve you as up my mind as to what I should do." much as I can. My wish is to leave here so that you Again he began to visit Pastor John and spent may be in peace. Your brother, Sa'eed. hours each day in study of the Bible, memorizing the Sermon on the Mount. He was particularly A bomb exploded in the midst of the company impressed by the book of Isaiah, the Gospel of could not have created greater consternation.

John, some of the Psalms, and the narrative of Women pulled their hair, beat their breasts and the suffering, death and resurrection of Christ. the men shouted "Ka/ir" (blasphemy). Kaka, his At the same time he studied and compared the brother, laid his hand on his dagger with the im- Koran and the Moslem commentaries. . pulse to slay the renegade who had become an

WHEN A KURD BECOMES A CHRISTIAN

infidel. The uncles urged delay and suggested that was called to their homes all over the city, night Sa'eed was deranged and that he be given an op- and day. Later he visited England to perfect portunity to recant. That night while the family himself in surgery and in the treatment of eye, were asleep on the roof the young man left his nose and throat. When he returned to Hamadan home determined to flee to Hamadan and there he specialized in eye surgery and word of his won- take refuge with the missionaries. He was over- derful kindness and skill spread to every part of taken and beaten. When his brother threatened Persia.

to kill him Sa'eed calmly said, "My brother, do During an insurrection he was called upon to not kill me-not for my sake but for your own." accompany the army of Ain-Douleh, son-in-law The Moslem's rage subsided before the gentleness to the Shah, to minister to the soldiers. In this of the Christian; the spirit of Christ was vic- campaign his private tent was next to that of the torious over the sword of Mohammed. As the general on whom his humble Christian life and brothers returned home Sa'eed began to tell his unselfish service made a deep impression. In rec- brother why he had determined to follow Christ ognition of his services, Sa'eed was given a yearly but Kaka only cursed him for his blasphemy. allowance for life and the honorary title of Khan.

Murderous threats followed from the fanatical He became for a time private physician to Ain- uncles. Again at night Sa'eed fled and again he Douleh with whom he had many private conversa- was followed and brought back but the third time, tions on spiritual themes. When one of the favor- by avoiding the highways and traveling at night, ite wives of the Shah, Muzaffar-AI-Din, was taken he reached Hamadan weary and famished. Here ill Dr. Sa'eed Khan was chosen, instead of any of Dr. Alexander, the Presbyterian mission surgeon, the foreign doctors, to perform the operation. He gave him food and shelter and after hearing his prayed earnestly to God for strength and the oper- story put him to work at the menial task of ation was successful. Thus Dr. Sa'eed Khan, the stable boy. persecuted and despised apostate Moslem, one- Now began a new period of Sa'eed's life. As time stable-boy in the American Mission, became the young man thought of his Master born in a one of the high dignitaries of the Persian Capital, manger, the stable became a sanctuary where he in great favor at the Shah's court.

could read his Bible and worship God without At one time he was called to the bedside of an fear. His family gave him up for lost but as the influential Moslem ecclesiastic who had been bit- news of his apostasy spread, all Kurdestan was ter in his hatred for the apostate doctor. The case stirred with rage; bazaars hummed with gossip was discovered to be beyond the help of medicine and decrees were issued by leading sheikhs sanc- or surgery. This was explained to the patient and tioning his murder. Dr. Sa'eed asked his consent to carry the case in Another Assyrian Christian from Urumia, Pas- prayer to the Great Physician. Now Sa'eed the tor Simon, who was living in Hamadan, soon dis- doctor became Sa'eed the intercessor. Taking the covered in Sa'eed a true Christian and a scholar cold hand of the mullah he kneeled down by the whose talents and training were too valuable to bedside and prayed, be devoted to caring for horses. He engaged the "0, blessed Jesus, our only hope for the recov- young man as a teacher of Persian language and ery of this Thy sinful creature is in Thee alone.

literature, while in his spare time Sa'eed studied Thy power and mercy are without limit. If it be English and medicine under Dr. Alexander. Be- according to Thy Holy will, wilt thou restore him fore long Kaka came to visit Hamadan, in search to health again."

of his brother, and was so impressed by his joy As he prayed, the tears rolled slown his cheeks. and beauty of character that he too became a The effect was startling-his courage, his sym- Christian. pathy, his honesty and his sincerity made a deep The Christian Doc.tor impression. The patient recovered and became the After a period of preparation Sa'eed became an life-long friend of the doctor.

assistant in the mission hospital and seven years But while friends increased, his enemies were later began his own medical practice. He also still many and bitter. At one time he desired to gave public adresses in Christianity to patients visit Urumia to see his wife's relatives and to meet and students. On all his visits to patients, both again his old friend and spiritual father, Pastor rich and poor, he carried his Bible and never John. His road led through Kurdestan which was missed an opportunity to speak to them of sin, its in turmoil on account of an effort to rescue a girl consequences and its cure and of the Great Physi- who had been taken by force into the harem of a cian of souls. Thus, in a remarkable way, he ef- Kurdish chief. The roads were unsafe and Dr.

fectively combined ministry to the physical and Sa'eed was urged not to pass through Kurdestan, spiritual needs of his patients. His fame spread the stronghold of his enemies who had sworn to so that hundreds crowded his dispensary and he kill him. After prayer, however, he decided to

trust in God's protection and to take the journey. begged to be excused from this liberal hospitality He went through the hostile country, ministering and settled at the home of Shamasha Shumel everywhere to the sick and giving medicines to all (Deacon Samuel), who was the native missionary in need. His courage, courtesy, kindness and from V rumia. An hour later a secretary of the skill disarmed the hostile Kurds and they became Governor appeared with four or five servants his friends. bringing a few cones of sugar, a quantity of tea, But Dr. Sa'eed's heart still yearned to help his some candy, and two young lambs for our supper, own people in Senneh, who were still bitter in as well as a letter of invitation to dine with the their hatred of the apostate who had disgraced Governor the next day. Our visit with the Gov- the family name. Since he himself could not re- ernor was most pleasant. He embraced Dr. Sa'eed turn home, he finally persuaded Dr. Jesse Yonan, very cordially for the two had become acquainted an Assyrian physician who had studied in Amer- when Zafar VI Mulk was Governor-General in ica, to go to Senneh to serve his people as a Chris- Hamadan. After dinner we met several of the tian physician. Dr. Sa'eed accompanied his sub- high dignitaries who all knew Dr. Sa'eed by repu- stitute for some distance on the journey. On the tation, as an apostate from Islam.

way they met a noted brigand who came to consult Many of the mullahs were anxious to meet Dr.

the doctor on prevalent diseases and their treat- Sa'eed for a religious controversy, and they ment. Learning something of the doctor's fluency crowded into the large living room at Shamasha in speaking and writing in Turkish, Kurdish, Shumel's. The doctor met their questions with Arabic, Syriac, Persian, and English, the chieftain such clear, uncompromising statements that Jesus asked him to write something that he could keep. is the only Saviour and gave such evidence of his In response the doctor wrote John 3: 16 and superior knowledge of the Koran and his ac- signed his name. The brigand was astonished to quaintance with the Bible that the audience was find that the name was Kurdish and when the greatly impressed. Instead of challenging him, doctor confessed that he was a Christian a change as had been their intention, they were spellbound came over the visitor and he said: "It is a pity under his earnest exposition of the Bible. After I have accepted your hospitality so that I cannot listening for more than an hour these men were kill you." Without another word he withdrew. changed from enemies to friends. Two "men"

At another time the doctor was waylaid by from Senneh who had vowed to kill him, ap- brigands but when they found that he was a physi- proached Dr. Sa'eed. They had been boyhood cian they only asked about the treatment of cer- classmates in Senneh and everyone expected them tain diseases, received a supply of quinine and to attack him; but as soon as they neared the boric acid and then sent a guard to accompany the doctor they embraced him most affectionately. The "Honorable Doctor" to his next stopping place. occasion was very solemn and made a profound Dr. Yonan, his companion, writes: impression upon all those present and the would- "Monday morning, before starting out, we were be murderers departed with love in their hearts.

warned by the Rev. Benjamin Labaree, not to go When Dr. Sa'eed and Dr. Yonan left Souj- through Souj-Boologh, because he was informed Boologh more than one hundred and fifty people, that two men from Senneh had come to Souj- most of them Kurds, from all walks of life, came Boologh and were waiting there to meet and kill to see them off and the two men, who had come Dr. Sa'eed. We hesitated and then the doctor with murder in their hearts, wer·e the last to say said: 'All of yesterday and today we have been good bye. No miracle could have been greater preaching to the people about the presence of God than the change from assassins to kind, and brothand about His p~otecting power; now we are dis- erly friends.

playing our own lack of faith in that power.' We Some twenty years ago Dr. Sa'eed received a decided at once to take the route through Souj- very urgent appeal to come to the help of a Kurd- Boologh and started out much encouraged. The ish sultan (or great chief) who lived at Awraman, city of Souj-Boologh is the seat of the govern- eight days' journey on horseback from Hamadan.

ment and is situAted on a mountain slope. The The danger was great and the Doctor's friends Governor's palace was in a most commanding strongly opposed his· risking his life among wild position, from which the Governor could observe, and fanatic Kurds many of whom were brigands with his field glasses the movements of the travel- and one of wbose sheikhs had issued a "decree of ers on the main road leading to the city. He evi- sanction" to murder Sa'eed as an apostate from dently saw our caravan long before our arrival Islam. The Kurdish sultan sent an armed escort for we were met by a deputation sent to inform and promised to be responsible for the Doctor's us that the Governor was greatly pleased to know safe return home, so after laying the matter be- of the presence of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, and desired fore God in prayer, Dr. Sa'eed felt it was his duty us to be his guests at the mansion. Politely we to go. He reached Awraman safely, performed

the operation that successfully restored the sul- Dr. Sa'eed was teaching his regular Bible in his tan's eyesight and ministered to many other pa- home in Teheran, a man entered with a few of tients. The hostile sheikh, realizing that he could his followers. It was Mahmood Khan Sanni, the not kill the doctor while he was under the sultan's notorious Kurdish brigand. He had been capprotection, endeavored to win him back to Islam tured by Government troops and brought to Teby sending a large delegation of the mystical heran as a hostage. Now, conscience-stricken, he Naksh-Bandi, the society to which Sa'eed had fell on his knees and kissed the hem of the docformerly belonged. The doctor describes the tor's robe. Then he sat down and heard the good scene as follows: physician expound the passage from Romans 5: 8-10, "While we were yet sinners, Christ died for The court was packed as I entered and the sheikh wel- us." "If, when we were yet enemies we were comed me in the name of all, and showed me a place to reconciled to God by the death of His Son, much sit by his side. After a~ exchange of formal greetings, more, being reconciled we shall be saved by His everything became very quiet. As I looked around the life." audience, what a sight! Every eye was fixed on me. I could see blood and hatred, violence and vengeance, in At the close of the Bible study, the former brigthose serious and gloomy faces. A feeling of anxiety for and made a humble confession, and received a a moment depressed me and I prayed in my heart, "0 Bible and religious tracts. Since then the peni- God, I am in a lions' den. Be as close to thy servant as tent sinner has been a frequent visitor in the home thou wast to thy servant Daniel." of the doctor and he and his men have received hundreds of dollars worth of medicines and treat- At a sign from the sheikh all the audience at ment free of charge from the one whom he once once began to sing and chant, at first in moderate tried to kill. Once more Christ-like love has and subdued tones, then slowly growing louder proved itself more than conqueror over hatred and wilder. When they were well warmed up, and murder. reason gave way to emotional excitement; they beat their uncovered breasts and faces, shouting The captain of the sultan's band that escorted and howling like madmen. Their mouths were Dr. Sa'eed on his perilous journey was a devout foaming, but they still repeated the word "Allah" Moslem and a descendant of the prophet. On the until they had lost their voices. When they had journey he saw Christ and the Christian religion reached a high pitch of excitement, slowly they so clearly exemplified in the Doctor's life and in began to lapse into a state of hypnotic insensibil- his testimony from the Word of God, that he too ity. Dr. Sa'eed wrote: later confessed Christ as his Saviour and Lord. He visited Hamadan to learn more of Christ and took The sheikh had arranged this performance with the back with him Bibles in Persian and Arabic and idea of warming my cold heart, and to make me return tracts to distribute among his people. to the true faith. But as I listened and observed, how my soul bowed before Him, the Son of God who had sev- Can Moslems be converted? Can a fanatical ered my chains and had set me free from this wild slavery. Kurd become a Christian? Is Christ greater than Tears came to my eyes and I had difficulty in keeping Mohammed? Is the Word of God more powerful them back lest they should fall at the wrong time and than the sword of Islam? Who can doubt it after carry a wrong impression. Did not my soul tell him, reading the history of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, the Be- "I have more understanding than all my teachers: for loved Physician of Teheran? He is now over thy testimonies are my meditation. I understand more seventy years of age and has been a Christian than the ancients, because I keep thy precepts?" (Psalm for over half a century. He has grown daily in 119: 99, 100.) Christian experience, has reflected Christ in his daily life and in his medical service. Without During the performance, which lasted over two slighting the requirements of his medical prohours, the doctor was a quiet listener and ob- fession he has been a true evangelist. He has server. When the meeting was over, he expressed been a constant student and teacher of the Bible, his thanks and returned to the sultan's house. and his faith and COlll"ag-e and love have never failed. Thousands of Kurds, Persians, Jews, The sheikh, seeing that his "spiritual perform- Turks, Assyrians, Armenians and others of all ance" had accomplished no result, wrote and stations and conditions-high and low, rich and asked for another private interview but the doc- poor, learned and ignorant-rise up to call him tor wrote him a letter, quoting verses from the blessed. Can anyone estimate the result at home Koran and traditions, and concluded by inviting and in the mission fields if ('very Christian would him to become a Christian. so reveal the spirit and power of Christ in char- acter and dailv jifp? What Jesus Christ can do The hostile sheikh, defeated in his purpose, for a converted Kurd, He can do for men and hired a notorious brigand, Khan Sanni, an enemy women of any other race or nation. of the sultan, to waylay the doctor and kill him on the road at night. This plot was discovered and the sultan sent the doctor and his escort by another road. After the brigands had waited in ambush for five days, they returned "like whipped dogs" to report their failure.

Fifteen years later one Sunday afternoon, when

Eben E

.If Devoted Friend of Missions and Missionaries _~I.L.._=R=E=V==.=AS_AnM_AU=EppL_rM_e._ZCiW_aEtM_iEoR_,n_D_b.yD=.t,hP_rei=n=c=et=o=n=,;N;;.!]J.il~~._ W HEN Kate Van Santvoord Olcott, of New ficial benevolence were all to one end, the advance- York City, fell asleep on Thanksgiving ment of the Kingdom of God. Day, November 29, in her eightieth year, Since 1901, Mrs. Olcott was a faithful member the missionary enterprise lost one of its most un- of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the selfish, most loyal, most devoted friends. The Reformed Church in America. She became corworld's needs were always on her heart. Her responding secretary for Arabia the same year practical love and intelligent sympathy stretched and continued in that work until 1930. For all across all frontiers. An those years she carried on earnest Christian from her her heart the burdert of the earliest youth, she walked pioneer work in Arabia (at with God for eighty long that time a land of neglect years. To all who knew her, and darkness, of fanatic opher well-ordered life was a position and hope deferred) constant example of the with the intimacy and tender beauty of holiness and the solicitude of a mother. She calm of a life centered in was friend and counsellor, and source of spiritual en- God. couragement to each worker, U ntH the very day of her always eager to give prac- tical help where opportunity departure, Mrs. Olcott was arose. Every member of the about the King's business. Arabian Mission thinks of Like Moses, faithful in all her with deep affection and her house, she wist not that loyal devotion. To all memher face shone with a light bers of the Mission she was never seen on sea or land. an example of Christian self- At the funeral service held in the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas no one in the lessness and faithful stew- great gat her i ng of her ardship.

friends needed a reminder When Mrs. Olcott retired that the two hymns rendered KATE VAN SANTVOORD OLCOTT from her secretaryship she by the soloist were an inter- wrote a tribute to the unflag- pretation of her life. Her "walk was close with ging zeal of the women of the Mission with whom God, calm and serene her frame." And Whittier's she had had "the high privilege of close associa- poem on the life "without strain or stress"-like tion for nearly thirty years."

that of the Master's by Lake Galilee-seemed a A nobler band of consecrated Christian women never full-length portrait of her who had fallen asleep. lived, and they have held on in the midst of great discour- Indeed her daughter found her early in the morn- agement-in "persecution often," in sickness, in separaing with the latest issue of the MISSIONARY RE- tion from loved ones and even unto death! VIEW OF THE WORLD turned open at Dr. Latourette's article, "The Evangelization of the World in Great will be their reward in heaven, and even now they are reaping a faint measure of it in the high esteem in which they are held by those among whom they are work- This Generation." It was the last thing she read. ing. Their homes have been veritable Light Houses amidst No student volunteer ever lived out the spirit of the gross darkness of Islam, and their family lives have the watchword more faithfully than Mrs. Olcott. shone out in contrast to those about them!

Her study of the Scriptures, her prayer-life, her "As his part is that goeth down to the battle, so reading, her talents of administration and counsel, shall his share be that tarryeth by the baggage; her indefatigable correspondence, and her sacri- they shall share alike." This is true of all who [SO]

MISSIONARY DOGS AND AIRPLANES

work at home for the foreign field. But great was always eager to send out all the money in the David's Greater Son has a far better promise, ful- treasury to meet urgent needs on the field. Her filled in her life: "Give and it shall be given unto thoughtfulness for others and her self-forgetfulyou; good measure, pressed down and shaken to- ness included long waiting at the steamship piers gether and running over, shall men pour into to welcome returning missionaries or to bid fareyour bosom." well to those who sailed. Her generous hospi- tality was proverbial and genuine. She had a In 1905, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the spirit like Nathaniel in whom there was no guile. Arcot Mission in India, Mrs. Olcott visited the for- Loyal to her own Puritan principles, she was eign field. Not only Arabia, but India, China, and tolerant of those who differed from her and had Japan shared her personal interest. For many a mind open to receive new truth. The center and years she supported her own missionaries, con- goal of her life was Jesus Christ her Lord and tributed to the regular work of her denomination, Saviour. The Bible and the place of prayer were cared for the Jacob Chamberlain Memorial Band the secret of her strength and beauty of character of Evangelists in India, had her share in the es- -a river of influence that made glad the city of tablishment of the Woman's Union Medical Col- God. lege at Vellore, as well as in many other union enterprises and efforts at home and abroad. In Mrs. Olcott's words were few in mission gath- 1911, Mrs. Olcott was one of the delegates to the erings for she was ever modest and retiring, but Edinburgh Missionary Conference and was an en- when she opened her mouth to speak it was with thusiastic supporter of its findings. She was one wisdom, and her tongue was ruled by the law of the charter members of the American Christian of love. All who knew her rise up to call her Literature Society for Moslems and its efficient blessed, and her own works praise her in the gates. Treasurer until the day of her death. No treas- May God raise up many others who will follow in urer was ever more faithful in securing and ad- her footsteps and emulate her character and ministering funds. A generous giver herself, she service.

Missionary Dogs and Airplanes By BISHOP P. T. ROWE, Seattle, Washington Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Alaska W HEN I went to Alaska, in the spring of dogs I pioneered the great interior of Alaska and 1896, the white population was estimated made a journey of 2,000 miles each winter. There to be 2,000. The conditions were much as were no road houses to spend the night in. You they had been under the Russian Government. simply camped for the night in the snow, what- There were no roads and no trails. Having in- ever the temperature, and the temperature went spected the southern coast, which meant Wrangell, as low as 78° below zero at times. Juneau and Sitka, I headed for the interior and crossed the mountains via the Chilkoot Pass. In For thirty-four years my winters were spent in doing so I hauled my own sled. Dogs were not traveling with the dogs. In doing so I not only obtainable. When I reached the interior and traversed the inland of Alaska but reached the winter approached, I got dogs from the Indians. Arctic coast and began work among the Eskimos. These dogs were maImutes and of wolfish descent. I had to train them and while doing so trained The use of dogs and travel, such as I have demyself so that I could meet the severe cold and scribed, is still a demand in Alaska, though not to travel on snowshoes without going lame. the same extent. Having grown old in the service requiring dogs and snowshoes, it is a happy I had also to cook beans, then freeze them, so change to use airplanes and to look down on places that I would have food for months of travel. For where you had terribly hard sledging, and fly in the dogs I had dried fish. The dogs drew the sleds comfort over the same. The airplane in Alaska loaded with my food, sleeping robes, and the dried is a commercial boon. It is also a boon for people fish. It was not possible to ride on the sled as the who are seriously ill or have met with an accident. snow was deep and you had to "break trail" for The airplane has come. I welcome it, and, though the dogs. Were you to ride you had to dress in I did much work by and through the dogs, I am furs, unsuitable for snowshoeing. So with the glad to take the airplane in their place. Effective Ways of Working I 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = =_________'I~ NEW WAYS FOR NINE- sionary activity and study, after meeting to which the missionary careful survey of Sunday school, .. committee, all officers and chair- TEEN THIRTY-FIVE young people's work, etc. Is the men of standing committees, A New Year's greeting to pas- work coordinated or haphazard, Sunday school teachers, etc., are tors and church leaders 1 What advance are you planning over each department on its own?) personally invited, and formuthe means and methods of last 3. Report from the Lookout at late a plan to gear every departyear? Is your church thoroughly aroused, informed and geared the Mast Head; or a Bird's-eye ment of church activity into a for missions? Don't rest back View of What Other Churches comprehensive missionary proupon an active group of women (bless them 1) plus two mission- Are Doing. (Cast your eye over gram. For such an endeavor, ary sermons a year to qualify you under the Great Commis- the Methods Department of THE read carefully the articles on sion and the Crying Need. Start the New Year right by a mission- REVIEW for-say two years past "Plans for Pastors and Church ary "arousement" which will stimulate the life currents in -and give a summary of what Leaders," February, 1933, page every department of church activity. How about devoting an impress you as the best plans 99 in THE REVIEW; also "Plans especially advertised mid-week meeting – or maybe an all- for mission study, children's, for Fresh Beginnings," Septemchurch evening dinner-to some such program as the following, young people's, women's, men's ber, 1933, page 452, these arusing either the plain or the fanciful titles according to con- and Sunday school work; for the ticles indicating the ideal comditions, but remembering that a touch of fancy in the presenta- field has been carefully covered position and functioning of the tion of a theme creates relish and so receptivity? and only such plans as have been basic church missionary commit- tested in reliable use appear. If tee. Abundant suggestions for you have not kept your files of implementing details are scat- THE REVIEW, let this be a lesson tered all through the year.

to you: and if you are not al- ready a subscriber, send in your STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATION subscription at once, as you can- CONTESTS not afford to limit yourself to Mrs. Carter Wright, South- brief surveys of the copy in the wide Stewardship chairman for public library. Articles through- the Woman's Mission Union of out the magazine afford ready- the Southern Baptist Conven- to-hand material for activating tion, and Miss Juliette Mather, many of the plans.) its Young People's Secretary, "Go YE-INTO ALL THE WORLD" 4. The Importance of the Log have brought out plans and ac- Book; or the Prime Place of a 1. Sailing Orders; or the Live Missionary Magazine that tivating material for a series of Place of Missions in the Church Records Daily Progress in the contests which should go far to- Program-Occasional or Perma- Kingdom of God. (Exploit your ward training a generation of nent? (Not as an adjunct to the systematic and proportional givwork but the Church's supreme own denominational organ or endeavor without which it has organs, and THE REVIEW which ers. no justification for considering "Few projects," they say, itself more than a club or fra- gives a world-wide view afforded ternal organization. Missionary by no other missionary publica- "have grown in favor and popuendeavor constitutes a test of the tion. Plan for follow-up work in larity as rapidly as the Stewardreality of our professed faith the way of solicitation of sub- ship Declamation Con t est s, and loyalty, for the very heart of scriptions w hi I e interest is delighting both the young parthe Gospel is missionary. Mis- warm. If you wait to draw the ticipants and the admiring audisions now have a strategic op- net, you may lose many possi- ences attending the contests. portunity, for they must save bilities.) Everywhere people speak of the the world from the tragedy of value of the contest in teaching human selfishness which has al- 5. Setting the Sails to Cateh the Wind; or Seeking the Dy- tithing and developing a real most wrecked it.) namic. (Season of earnest prayer sense of stewardship. The decla- 2. Taking the Reckoning; or mations present stewardship of for the Spirit's motive power What Our Own Church Is Doing. and guidance.) tithes and offerings, that the (Accurate statement of all mis- emphasis be clearly given this At the earliest possible oppor- difficult phase of stewardship.

tunity after this service, hold a The W. M. U. understands that [32 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

stewardship includes more than American Life" appeared in part market or bake sale to which tithes and offerings, but in the in our September issue, sends each woman takes a basket of contest this is the theme." the following suggestions in the fruit, vegetables or other food capacity of her position as Mis- whose value equals her annual Sunbeam Band members (the sionary Education Secretary for dues and which, when sold, entiny tots) are asked to memorize Illinois under the Baptist wom- ables her to pay in full at the one of the two series' of Scrip- en's organizations. start. Call this a Dues sale. Use ture verses in a given leaflet, a Blessing Box, each person such as Gen. 1: 1; Psalm 24: 1; 1. Have each member of your young dropping in a penny whenever Job 41: 11; Psalm 50: 10; Hag- people's group read at least two books she has occasion to be thankful. gai 2: 8; Lev. 27: 30; Mal. 3: on the year's themes-Home and For- Or have roll call at each meet- 10, 11 and 2: 2; Lev. 26: 2, 12. eign. "Gold Mountain," by Payne; ing, members coming forward The second test is the Parable of "Lim Yik Choy," by Shepherd; "Ty- to pay, or answering to their the Rich Fool, as given in the phoon Days in Japan," by Spencer, names with "paid" or "unpaid"! twelfth chapter of Luke. and "Japan and Her People," by Hughes, are especially recommended. BUILDING THE NATION Junior organizations each se- BEAUTIFUL lect one of the talks furnished in 2. Present a play or pageant deala leaflet, memorizing and pre- ing with the themes, such as "The A Christian Americanization senting these at the contest, Color Line," "The Cross Triumphant," Pageant memory counting for 50%, enun- or original dramatizations from such ciation for 25%, posture for books as "A Daughter of the Samu- A summer survey of the new 10% and expression and inter- rai" and "A Daughter of the Narikin.' missionary literature revealed, pretation for 15%. among other things, that most 3. Present a debate on a topic ap- denominations are responding to Intermediate age groups select propriate to the year's themes, such the plea for more dramatizations and write upon a topic from a as: "Orientals in the United States as effective vehicles for both given list, some of which are: should have the same citizenship priv- information and inspiration. "Tithing Pays"; "Is the Money ileges as do other foreign-speaking Outstanding in artistry and im- Ours or God's?"; "Non-Tithers' residents"; "J a pan's geographical pressiveness is one arranged and Excuses Answered" ; "Obedi- limitations justify her expansion pol- directed by Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, ence the Master's Test." Essays icy." of Wayne, Pennsylvania, and as delivered are limited to five given at a Christian Americanminutes. 4. Have at least three meetings on ization meeting of the Woman's each of the themes, preferably basing American Baptist Home Mis- The Young Women's organi- them on current study books. Recom- sionary Society, at Washington, zations give original talks not mended for such use are "Out of the D. C. While couched in feminine. exceeding seven minutes in de- Far East" (Hunter) and "WorId terms in adaptation to its immelivery, based on such subjects Tides in the Far East" "Mathews). diate purpose, it is easily transas: "Owners-or Stewards"?; latable into the masculine or "My Partner's Portion"; "In Ac- 5. Have a creditable proportion of mixed terminology to be used in count with God" ; "Giving a Part your membership in a mission study a young people's group as well of Worship"; "The Tithe-God's class, in a school of missions if possi- as among their elders, and would Preventive of Covetousness." A ble. be very effective among pastors speaker exceeding the time lim- for· an evening service. The acit in delivery is penalized by a 6. Service activities: (a) A per- tion, costuming and staging are deduction of five from the sonal friendship with one or more so simple that groups of limited judges' final grade for each min- Oriental Americans; (b) A carefully resources would find it available ute's excess. All contestants are arranged visit to Chinatown; (c) A with a minimum of rehearsal. presented by number only until public program embracing all of your after the judges' decision is an- denominational agencies among Ori- The Master of Ceremonies nounced. entals in the U. S.; (d) A similar pro- states by way of introduction gram for Japan; (e) An international that Christian Americanization Awards (such as missionary forum with representatives or imper- work lends itself to the beautifybooks) are optional, but some sonations of Orientals, to discuss ing of the nation, for it is truly small token to each winner is "What are the next steps in interna- beautiful only as it is Christian. both stimulating and delightful. tional cooperation?" (f) A Japa- -A guest is expected. Here she The contests begin in the local nese festival; (g) Sending of desired comes now! church, progress through their supplies to a mission among Orientals. winners to the association, then Enter a woman called Mrs. the district and end in the state POLICY POINTERS FROM SUMMER Uncle Sam, or Mrs. U. S., competition. Is not this plan dressed in full red skirt with worth trying, either partially or CONFERENCES white stripes and close fitting in its entirety? waist of blue. Accompanying Programs are not the sole end her is a woman dressed as a PRACTICAL PROJECTS FOR and aim of our planning. The scribe and carrying a book made following excerpts from the of heavy 11×14 paper with the YOUNG PEOPLE Methodist women's meetings at Lakeside, Ohio, furnish policies Mrs. B. P. Heubner, whose in a nutshell: Begin the year outline study for "Orientals in with the sketch of a bare tree as a symbol of the local organiza- tion, and paste on a leaf for each new member. This year substi- tute cherry blossoms. Have a demonstration at the opening of the year to show what the mis- sionary dues and other contribu- tions do, using impersonations and dramatics. If commercial methods are unavoidable, hold a

American flag drawn on its cov- the Key Stones in the structure. next speaks to the Guest, hoping er. On the several pages are in- The Master Builder tells of the the purpose of Americanization work has been made clear and scribed in bold lettering the es- foundation in Jesus Christ (see mentioning the rare gifts of the sential points of the program, Isa. 28: 16 and Eph. 2: 20, 21) foreigners themselves: the Ital- and introduces several Ameri- ian love of music; the Armenian "Foundation," "Keystone," etc., canization workers to give brief with his steadfastness of purthese being displayed at the ap- pose; the Japanese-lover of propriate poi n t to reinforce talks on their work. children; the Chinese, devoted through eye-gate the coincident The Master of Ceremonies to the family; the Mexican with his gaiety; the Pole-strong of messages through ear-gate. The next describes the need for Mas- body and willing of spirit; the Master of Ceremonies introduces ter Craftsmen, and introduces Greek with his art, etc. A blend- Mrs. Uncle Sam saying she has one to speak on "Materials for ing of these gifts in the Chris- tianized foreigner will help crebeen invited to the gathering to the Superstructure" – stones ate the Nation Beautiful. record the essential points of the such as human life, men and work and then to carry back to women of varied gifts and a na- Mrs. United States then asks the women of the nation the idea tive love of the beautiful, "ma- permission to speak; and turn- terials of great price; folks with ing the pages of the great book of its worth and magnitude and one by one, she recapitulates the tell them the part it plays in souls as precious as our own, points made (which appear in building our "Nation Beautiful." bought with the blood of Christ." large lettering) and promises The guest responds suitably, She appeals to the Guest of the that this plea for Master Buildpromising to catch the spirit and evening to broadcast a plea for ers, Artisans, Master Craftsmen and Artists shall go from coast have the proceedings faithfully greater interest in the foreign to coast. She bids Godspeed to recorded in the book by her woman, a closer touch with her all the assembled group of mis- longings and needs with a view sionaries and volunteer workers scribe. The two latter are then to transforming her into choice and wishes them success. seated at a table on a platform slightly higher than that of the material for the Master Archi- Thanking the Honored Guest Master of Ceremonies. tect's use. for this promise, the Master of Ceremonies closes with the fol- Three stanzas of "America the The call for Craftsmen's Tools lowing poem and the singing of Beautiful" are then sung, after is next sounded by the Master of the last stanza of "America the which the Master of Ceremonies Beautiful" : makes the opening talk. She Ceremonies-the human materistates that the words just sung al (foreigners) becomes more To each one is given a marble to give inspiration to go out from carve for the wall: the meeting and engage in a beautiful after certain influences are brought to bear through the A stone that is needed to heighten Kingdom enterprise of nation- implements wielded by the Arti- the beauty of all: building; for making the nation sans, one of whom will now And only his soul has magic to give Christian is a vital part of the speak. it grace; 'missionary endeavor because it The Artisan tells of the use And only his hands have the cunning means Christ in the hearts of of the Book as the Rule, English to put it in place. men, women and children. Nehemiah of old, returning to re- lessons as the Mallet to drive Yes, the task that is given to each one build Jerusalem, set the people away ignorance and misunder- no other can do, at their tasks by groups made up standing, Friendliness as the of families, one building by the Level to straighten out the rough So the errand is waiting-it has wait- places for the foreign folk. ed through the ages for you. East Gate, another by the Fountain Gate and still another by One thing more is called for And now you appear: and the hushed the Sepulcher of David. We do by the Master of Ceremonies- ones are turning their gaze our missionary work by groups, Cement to hold all portions of the building together firmly- To see what you do with your chance one by the Good Citizenship and the speaker impersonating in the chamber of days. Gate, one by the White Cross Gate (hospital supplies, gar- this element makes a strong plea -Edwin MU1·khum. ments for the needy, etc.), an- for more Prayer to make the weak efforts of man into a USING SCREEN PICTURES other by the Literature Gate, mighty power and force. while Christian Americanization Harry S. Myers, of the Baptist workers build the portion by the "A building becomes beauti- Stereopticon Bureau, writes: Foreign Gate. The Master Architect-God Himself – supply- ful," says the Master of Cere- "The Religious Motion Picture monies, "through the skill of Foundation, 140 Nassau St., ing plans for the Nation Beauti- Artists who m a k e possible New York City, is an invaluable ful : under Him a Master aid in arousing interest in mis- Builder to carry out the plans. stained glass windows, frescoes, sions. The School of Missions in blended colors in tapestries and past years has been a consider- The first concern of the Master walls. Mrs. B-, who is one of able user of this material. The Builder, to have a secure founda- these Artists, will reveal the pos- missionary offering of 0 n e tion. Mrs. A- (Christian sibilities of music among our church was increased many Americanization superintend- times by its utilization." ent) will now give a glimpse of foreign friends." This Artist sings, "Come Ye Blessed of My Father." The Master of Ceremonies The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~==~===============~ EPIPHANY OR "REVELATION Church, Honolulu, the editor guese Evangelica, Mr. Talmage FESTIVAL" learned that churches, once be- longing to the foreign mission writes: -Chinese Christian. enterprise, have under the direc- tion of the Board of the Hawaii- In 1891 it was felt necessary to or- "They offered him gifts" an Evangelical Association ad- ganize work among the Portuguese of vanced into the cooperating, Honolulu. The Portuguese group, at "Praise the Eternal, 0 families of the coordinating stage of Christian that time, as now, was largely Roman nations fellowship. Catholic, but there were many children who were being entirely neglected by praise the Eternal for his glory and After many years of leadership in any church. his might! the missionary work of the Hawaiian Islands, during which time the Board A young man, Mr. A. V. Soares, praise the Eternal for his open glory organized its work by committees, was called to the Islands from the enter into his courts with an offer- representatives of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese colony in Illinois. After Portuguese, Hawaiian, Filipino, and some years of constructive work, Mr. ing." English-speaking races, the Board in Soares and his assistants built up a "Let the skies be glad, let earth re- 1933 made what was felt to be a for- substantial small church. ward step, by placing all of the work joice of these various committees under one In 1926, Mr. Soares became ill, and let the sea and all within it thunder interracial group. it seemed an opportunity to make some Let the land and all it holds exult, radical adjustments for the church. let all the trees of the forest sing Up to that date each one of these The older people, all of whom spoke committees had been composed of the their mother language, decided that for joy, Anglo-Saxons and representatives of it should be an English-speaking at the Eternal's presence-for he the particular language group. church as soon as possible. After some months of supply preachers comes, Beginning 1933 these various races from the Hawaiian Board, the present he comes to rule the earth, were combined with the Anglo-Saxons pastor was called. Since that time, to rule the world with justice for the conduct of the church work aside from one Sunday School class and the nations faithfully." of the Board. for elderly people, and the rare use From Psalm 96-Moffatt translation. of a Portuguese hymn, the work has Whereas, in the past, the individual been carried on almost entirely in MODERN MISSIONS IN committees meeting once a month, had English. HAWAII been tending toward isolation, now it is impossible for any race to consider The encouraging thing in the From Rev. T. Markham Tal- itself alone. change from a foreign – speaking mage, pastor of the Pilgrim church to English was the fact that Of necessity our agenda is appall- the old people, who dearly loved their ing in length and often concerns in- church in their mother-tongue, made tricate situations, but there is a very the decision for the change to English. great gain in having our various races sit as advisers to determine the poli- When it was realized that this cies of all. Further, authoritative ac- meant for many of them, giving up tion is cumulative, as the races are the services of worship that they forced to act upon each others' prob- could understand, and around which lems. had been built their whole life, it seems to be one of the most beautiful This committee has now been work- and sacrificial offerings growing out ing for a little over a year, with some of our mission in the islands. This definite gain. It is exceedingly diffi- change was made because of the real- cult, but those who worked with the ization on the part of the older people committees in their old form, know that the church worship could not be that that plan also had its difficulties. vital to the younger people if carried on in a language which they could not Under the old arrangement, the understand. The older people took present chairman of the Churches upon themselves the situation usually Committee was the chairman of the demanded of the younger. Japanese Committee, and a member of the Portuguese-English-speaking Com- A YOUTH COUNCIL AT THE mittee. He can see no lessening of friendly interest from the Japanese ANNUAL MEETING OF group, due to the change. THE HAWAIIAN EVAN- This committee has under its leader- ship 91 churches, of which there are GELICAL ASSOCIATION 62 Hawaiian, 16 Japanese, 6 Chinese, 6 Filinipo, 1 Portuguese. Our church gatherings in Ha- waii, like our political cam- Concerning the church for- paigns, are very colorful. The merly known as Egreja Portu- Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian [ 35 ] Evangelical Association is a big event in the lives of the delegates. It means travel between So we had a conference and we them, customs have grown up the Islands, a week of splendid called it a "youth council." When and have been unchallenged for meetings, excellent Hawaiian it was all over, we found that years, and here as elsewhere we food, meeting of friends and 204 persons had registered and must keep gilding the monu- relatives, flower leis, music and attended at least one of the three ments of the past. Something lots of aloha. morning sessions, and 42 church- happens to the religious interest This year the 112th Annual es had been represented by them. of young people when they enter Meeting of the Association was The choirs were from Hawaiian high school age. It does not held in Hilo, Hawaii, June 23-27, churches only. Hence the major- seem to be a loss of religion.

1934. Hilo is the home of the ity of the young people were of Rather is it a change of values.

boarding school founded by Gen- that race. Yet we had Japanese, The reevaluation process goes eral Armstrong, who 1ate r Portuguese, Chinese, and Fili- on in relation to all of youth's founded Hampton Institute. Ha- pino representatives also. beliefs at that time. He becomes waii is the "Big" Island with its The Association gave official an explorer, and sometimes he two mountains Mauna Kea and recognition to the council and al~ seems to explore too boldly in Mauna Loa, both over 13,000 feet lotted two and a half hours each the sacred areas of religion. He high. On this island is the vol- morning for a meeting. becomes critical of the church's cano which has been very active It was the first major attempt program, its preaching, its mem- recently, always in a friendly of the great gathering of dele- bership. But he still expects the manner. The churches on four gates to give a real place on the church to be an institution deal- of the five main islands of the program to young people and ing with religion. The Christian group sent delegates by steamer. their problems. The meetings be- way of life, the unselfish and One whole ship was devoted to gan with a worship planned and gracious Christ, the ideals of them and they overflowed into conducted by the young people. Christian living, all make their another one-a happy, singing, They found Augustine Smith's appeal to him. Unless the church friendly crowd, most of them "New Hymnal for American meets him at this age and goes wearing wreaths of flowers Youth" very helpful for this with him into adult life, he tends called "leis." purpose. to become material-minded.

Hilo provided a royal welcome. They were very much inter- So the practical question More than 500 delegates partook ested in the discussion groups, arises, how to bring the church of three meals a day, cooked and which had about one and a half nearer to this group and this served by the volunteer helpers hours each day, to consider the group nearer to the church? of the entertaining church. They needs of their own churches. Our council decided that the were provided with beds and They asked and answered the first thing is to create clear unblankets and linen. They were question, "What does the church derstanding in this area, and the entertained at evening parties expect of the young people ?" second thing is that th€y should attended by over 700 people. and summed it up in the word choose their own representatives to sit as full voting members on And a notable choir contest was "Loyalty."

held the first night. In this con- They tried to determine what the official board of the church. test seven choirs ranging in num- young people expect of the Upon the s e representatives ber of members between twenty church. It may surprise us that should rest the responsibility to and sixty competed before a they decided that the church explain the attitude of the young great audience, singing in Ha- should be primarily concerned people, to see that the young peowaiian words Mozart's "Twelfth with religion. There was clear ple and their organizations are Mass," arranged by the leader of thinking on this subject. They given adequate consideration and the Hilo church choir. There is knew the church felt called upon to carryover to the young people probably nothing like this choir to develop activities. But they the high and broad principles contest. Memorized music, with- felt that there were enough ac- upon which the church operates, out instrumental accompani- tivities in school and community to see that the church calendar ment, a little pitch pipe in the life. They expected the church of activities is free from conhands of the leader to start them to be "a flaming torch leading us flicts in dates and plans. In fact off, and yet – and yet – music on to greater and higher things, they are to be ambassadors of whose chords and timing, timbre but today the church is like an goodwill. and phrasing and balance are so ambulance travelling behind, perfect that listeners tingle with Some of us who were privileged to appreciation and excitement. picking up the wounded." work with this group throughout the Then they spent some time sessions, felt that a very important It was this choir contest which with both feet on the ground try- step has been taken. made the conference of young The Association has officially rec.ogpeople possible. Many of the ing to devise practical ways nized its obligation to its own children. whereby the church might serve It is not starting a new organization. choir members are under 30 the youth of these Islands. They It is welcoming them, and acknowledgyears of age. The contest was felt that there is too great a dis- ing them as sons and daughters in held at the very beginning of the tance between the young people the Christian Church.- NORMAN C. meeting. After that the choir SCHENCK, Associate Secretary of the members had very little to do. and the older people at present. Board of Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- Language barriers separate ciation.

NEWS William Martin, well known as student cannot busy

editor of the Journal de Geneva, with his books in the face of Future of Christianity says in a recent article: "Never present threats of war…. It is Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New speak of the 'next war'-for in this world of mass influence York, secretary of the Presby- nothing is more dangerous. Wars terian Board of Foreign Mis- become fatal at the moment and mass movements that the sions, says that if Christianity when people believe in them; keeps on its present rate it will that is, when they begin to per- claims of Christ have to be become the world's majority re- suade themselves that war is in- -Far Horizons. ligion within fifty years. This evitable. There is no such thing made." opinion was expressed recently as an inevitable war! There will in an article in the Portland, be no next war if the people do Russian Asks Christian Unity Oregon, Journal. Dr. McAfee not want it." who has given 46 years of his A plea for united, universal life to active Christian service, If "the people" want peace Christianity was given by Serobserved that he had seen the enough to work for it, to take as gius Bulgakoff, dean of the facbottom fall out of things several their slogan, in place of "War is ulty of the Russian Orthodox times before in his long life, and atrocious and futile, but," "War Theological Academy, Paris, at finds nothing in the present is atrocious and futile and-it the New York Cathedral of St. world economic upheaval to wor- shall not be!"-then we may see John the Divine, Sunday, Octory him in so far as the Christian fulfilled the prophecy, "From ber 7. religion is concerned. He is now on, war by governments equally positive that the Church shall be changed to peace by "Both spirits, that of the Tower of must supply the leadership in peoples." -World Outlook. Babel and that of Pentecost, have this time of need. He is confi- influenced the life of the Church durdent that: "We have reached Handicaps to Study ing her history," Fr. Bulgakoff dethe day when we are going to clared, "but the prevailing spirit have to have a better spirit in Dr. Visser 't Hooft, Secretary until now has been the schismatic the world, because we are living of the World's Student Chris- one. Fortunately, we are now able closer together than ever before. tian Federation, in a recent to notice a remarkable change. A We must learn how to live to- speech in England mentioned an new message sounds through the gether and the Christian Church Indian professor who said that world, a new spirit is breathing, the is the one institution able to give twenty-five per cent of his stu- spirit of Pentecost, the message of this message and program to the dents were in prison, twenty-five universal Christianity. world." per cent were engaged in politi- cal propaganda, twenty-five per This ecumenic spirit is now awak- Promoting Peace cent were spying on the others, ened as a first realization of the and the rest were doing a little Church's catholicity in our days. In- studying. He referred also to a stead of mutual exclusiveness and thousand Shanghai students haughtiness there comes a desire for mutual acquaintance and understand- ing in the spirit of peace and love. This change has already begun, as the representatives of many different confessions meet now with one an- other without feeling their own orth- odoxy endangered.

Fr. Bulgakoff pointed to two Dr. Mary E. Woolley tells us who asked for a special train to causes of separation between what we can do to promote Nanking in order that they Christian bodies-differences in peace. 1. Assure the President might express to the President creed which should not be evaded that you will support in every their views on the Manchurian in the effort for reunion, and difpossible way a program for situation. Their request re- ferences caused by provincialism "practical pea c e, permanent fused, they sat down in a body and narrow-mindedness which peace, real peace throughout the on the tracks so that no train should easily be overcome. -The Living Church. world." 2. Do not hide your light was able to enter or leave the under a bushel as far as your station. They got their train! EfTective Preparation senators and representatives are In Nanking they stood in a concerned. Rather, set it upon a freezing temperature before the In Basil Matthew's biography hill-that they may not fail to palace for forty-eight hours of John R. Mott, he gives the see where their constituencies until a deputation was received notes made for Dr. Mott's per- stand on this momentous ques- and promises of action given sonal guidance in preparation tion of international cooperation, them. for conferences.

versus national isolation. 3. Do Dr. 't Hooft, continuing his Personal: not join the "defeatist group." address, said: "The European Keep the Morning Watch.

[37 ]

Spend eight hours in bed; also The Elyria League has already of New York City by the Times take nap in afternoon. undertaken a specific work-the Square Mission. The record for support of a native evangelist in September indicated that more Take drive each afternoon. India. The Women's Missionary than 23,000 attended the open- Take time for preparation before Society has also taken on new air meetings. This only included all public work. life as a result. persons who stayed as long as Plan each day. twenty minutes. Many raised Before each address and confer- A College Student Church their hands for prayer and many ence remind oneself of the need of remained for interviews. Forty the Holy Spirit and definitely claim Last October Dr. Hutchison, thousand tracts and Gospels His help for the work at hand. President of Washington and were distributed, and 95 hours Be mindful of the things of others Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, were filled during the month -especially associates. presented to presbytery the with these outdoor meetings on Avoid: church letters of 44 students, one of the busiest corners of Sins of the tongue. with a request that these men be Broadway. The mechanical versus sense of vo- made the nucleus of a fully accation. credited Presbyterian Church on The Cost of Crime Content with small results versus the college campus. Dr. Hutchivery great, i. e. real spiritual results. son explained that none of the Not every one knows that Expect large results: present methods of providing re- Remember that there has been an ligion for students has proved crime costs us 25 % of the naadequate cause from which great re- successful, because the students sults may be expected, namely, the have had no responsibility for tion's income. Here are some long preparation, the self-denial, the the form or expression of their figures that came recently from prayers of many all over the world, religion. Under this new plan a Senator Copeland: the working of the Living, Almighty church will be organized entirely God. of students. Not even professors Losses through frauds. $1,270,000,000 of the college may belong. Elders Property losses and eco- "Spirit of Missions" will be ordained, all other church offices will be filled by students. nomic value of 12,500 Centenary The pastor will be Rev. Cameron m u r d e r s (annual Ralston, director of religious ac- toll) ………….. $1,160,000,000 At the end of 1934 The Spirit tivities for the college. Law Enforcement …. $4,000,000,000 of Missions begins its one hun- Waste involved in dealdredth year of continuous serv- Signs of Church Life ing with crime …. $6,503,000,000 ice. One can read in almost any In the first three months of The Protestant Episcopal paper that the Church is about 1934, four-fifths of all those ar- Church's only official periodical to die, but Dr. Herman Weber, rested were under 30 years of is entering its second century editor of the Year Book of age and many were only 19. Of with confidence and enthusiasm. American Churches has a differ- 12,000 murders during the last It will continue to depict the ent opinion. He says: few years, 4,000 were caught mission fields in America and and sentenced; only 153 paid the her possessions, afar in the Ori- More than 30,000,000 Americans, extreme penalty. It seems that ent, in Africa, in India. More attend services in Protestant and one may murder with a 3 to 1 than 4,000 missionary workers Catholic churches, and Jewish syna- chance of not being punished at have spoken through its pages. gogues every week. The churches all, or a 1 to 80 chance of paying are gaining members at the rate of the death penalty-a little less -Circular. 750,000 a year. Church buildings risky than going swimming! have increased sevenfold in number NORTH AMERICA in the last 75 years. The last census Hartford Mission Fellowship showed 232,154 houses of worship in A Men's Missionary League the country, and the church debts What do the young people of amount to only 11 per cent of the this decade think of foreign mis- A "Men's Missionary League" value of church property." We are sions? Are they responsive to has come into being in the First also told by Dr. Kieffer, president of the world's need of Christ? A United Presbyterian Church of the Association of Statisticians of group representing six denomi- Elyria, Ohio. The League began American Religious Bodies, that ap- nations has been formed in the with 16 men, including the pas- proximately one half of the popula- Hartford Seminary Foundation. tor, Rev. George A. Brown, on tion of the United States is definitely Twelve mission boards were con- October 20, 1933. The present related to some church. While the sulted, and the outcome was the membership is 37. After a full population of the country increased appointment of a Committee of year of experience the men and 22 fold between 1800 and 1934, church Nine to guide the training and their pastor, have a deep con- membership in the same period -in- activities of the group. This viction that they should give creased 80 fold. Hartford Mission Fellowship their testimony to the Church. has presented its message at A leaflet entitled "An Adventure -Presbyterian Banner. twelve student conferences and in Masculine Missions" has been several churches, and it is hoped sent out to leading men through- Times Square Mission to continue to reach colleges and out the denomination. The leaf- preparatory schools as far as let contains the Constitution and A notable piece of evangelistic possible. By-Laws, and, condensed, a ser- work is being done in the heart mon preached by the pastor on Men and Missions Sunday, "Missions-A Man's Job."

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The group is seeking to go as 3. To stimulate older Christians in courses offered are training prayer and service. graduates to meet these needs. a unit, without stated salaries, 4. To instruct Christian workers to A religious education club, orand take up work in some unoc- ganized by students, is studying cupied mission field like Tibet, make their ministry more effectual. 5. To combat the error and evil problems of rural churches, con- centrating on methods, materi- Mongolia, India, Africa, Japan and deliver those who are being en- als, organization and equipment or China. Recently the group snared. for all ages which can be used has decided to concentrate its study on China and surrounding 6. To provide worth-while employ- ment for those who wish to serve Christ. 7. To furnish Gospel sermons and successfully. territories. Bible teaching to those communities which do not have a resident minister. The Farm School, N. C., has a New England's Student Gospel Team, numbering 35, Movement Nearly 400 different titles, with a waiting list. The team covering a wide range of sub- visits mountain communities On October 19, 20 and 21 students from all over New Eng- jects, are published today, and within a radius of 125 miles but land gathered at Northfield to 57,692,350 books, booklets and has concentrated in four near-by form a new united Student tracts have been distributed. settlements as an entering wedge for an intensive study to see Christian Movement, made up of representatives from 41 colleges, A Notable Work whether Farm school can put on an all around extension program and including both adults and Many useful organizations are there. Agricultural aid, health students from Y. M. C. A., Y. almost unknown and receive lit- work and recreational leader- W. C. A., S. V. M., and church tle recognition. A century ago ship, in addition to religious acyoung peoples' societies. the "Female Moral Reform So- tivities are possibilities under The"Aim and Purpose" are as ciety"-later the "American Fe- consideration. follows: male Guardian Society" was -Presbyterian Banner.

The Student Christian Movement founded in New York by a group Methodists Celebrate is a fellowship of students, men and women, who are challenged by the of women, who after years of More than 1,200 delegates replife and teachings of Jesus to seek enduring ridicule, secured legis- resenting the various branches for themselves the sources of His lation to punish abduction, and of Methodism and coming from power and to manifest, in all the re- by other laws to protect young all parts of the United States, lationships of their lives, His rever- boys and girls. The society later ence for personality and truth. started nine industrial schools Canada England and Australia A committee of 22 adults and for poor children, and initiated gathered recently in Baltimore 30 students was appointed to fresh air work. It provided a for the principal celebration of carry out the purposes of the sewing machine fund, which admovement. One of the aims is vanced money to poor women so the sesquicentennial of Amerito merge activities of church that they might pay for them in can Methodism. Practically groups, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. installments, and pioneered oth- everyone of importance in Meth- W. C. A., and the Student Volun- er forms of relief. Its various odism was present, as well as teer Movement in New England. orphan homes are doing effective various leaders in other denom- A similar movement was organ- work and 37,000 children have inations. An oratorio, "The gone through its institutions. At Evangel of the New World," and ized in the Middle Atlantic re- a pageant, "The Spreading gion last summer, and a national least one well known Presbytericommittee is studying the possi- an minister and editor, John Flame," were presented. bilities of cooperation through- Bancroft Devins, was brought up in a home of the Society and An interesting historical sumout the nation. the manager of the Tribune mary of the beginnings of. Meth- odism in this country was Issued, Forty Years Colportage Work Fresh Air Fund. with a message especially pre- -So S. Times. pared for the book by E. Stanley The Bible Institute Colportage Studying Mountain Needs Jones. Society of Chicago, founded by -The Christian Century.

D. L. Moody, celebrated its 40th At the Asheville, N. C., Nor- Lutheran Anniversary anniversary on November 15. mal and Teachers' College the This agency was started for the junior class is studying a typical Observing the 200th anniverpurpose of publishing and dis- sary of the landing of the Luseminating, evangelical books mountain community, to discov- therans in America at Savannah, er the number of regular church Ga., and also the 400th anniverand booklets, Scripture portions, attendants, standards and re- sary of Martin Luther's tran!'la- sources of religious, sodal and tion of the Bible, the Umted and Gospel tracts. economic life, number and type Lutheran Church in America The Association has kept sev- of schools, distribution of wealth en objectives in mind: 1. The salvation of lost souls who as shown by types of homes, and held its biennial session in Saotherwise might never be reached vannah early in November. The with the Gospel. manner of living. The students convention moved to bring about then turn to the school's curric- a union of all Lutheran bodies in 2. To establish young Christians in ulum to see how concretely the the faith and to develop fruitful lives.

America and created a commit- ard of the Indian Bureau, fed- After Sixteen Years ~ee to work out a plan for mergmg. eral policy toward the aboriginal "Mission Folks and Facts," a leaflet on Baptist home mission There are seventeen branches Americans was such that more work, says: In 1918 the Baptist of Lutheranism in the United Home Mission Society sent out States and Canada. Replies to a than 50 per cent of them "ceased its first missionary to Nicaragua. questionnaire sen t to every Beginning with a small group of clergyman of all these branches to be Indians and failed to be- less than fifty believers, he built up a Sunday school, trained show that 89 % favor a merger come whites." The Indian's en- teachers, and opened out-sta- tions. At the same time the into one Lutheran Church. If tire life was organized on a woman's society sent out its first this union should take place, it missionary teacher and founded would form a church of 4,381,- group basis. He could not suc- a primary school. The primary 094 members, with 15,469 con- school has developed into an ingregations. The L u the ran cessfully compete in white soci- stitution embracing all grades Church is now the third largest through high school, and now en- Protestant communion in the ety which is based on the indi- rolls over 400 boys and girls. The country, following closely upon church of 400 members has the Methodists and Baptists. vidual. In half Shaepacredn,tutrhy~ grown to be one of the largest according to Mr. in all Latin America, with a Sun- American Lutherans, with day.school of 425 and an evening Lutherans and evangelicals Indians lost 91,000,000 of the audIence of 600. The pastor is a throughout the world, oppose the native Nicaraguan. A Christian efforts of the German reich- 138,000,000 acres of land in the community has grown up, and skirche to force pastors of Ger- ~rained .l~aders in the ministry, man Evangelical Churches to original allotments. A few, the m medicme and teaching have support a political program at been sent out. the expense of their fidelity to Pueblos among them, which conthe historic confessions of the Church. tinued their communal traditions Large Home Mission Field lost little or none. Under the old In a block comprising all of order, the majority of the red Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona and New Mexico, and part men saw their own culture deof Colorado, Idaho and California, there is but one Protestant generate and were unable to ac- Christian colI e g e-Westminster, in Salt Lake City. quire that of the white man.

Westminister College has a Hence grew the unfair assumpthreefold task: to maintain a high standard of scholarship in tion that they are lazy and a Christian atmosphere; to provide college courses for Protes- worthless. tant young people in the Mormon are~;. and to offer this type of One of the Bureau's innovatrammg to young Mormons. Ten years of enlarging buildings tions is the training of Indian and equipment, followed by five years of depression, have left a teachers to work among their deficit of $75,000, which the management is now seeking to own tribesmen. secure in a three-year campaign. LATIN AMERICA EUROPE New Chance for the Indian Bitterness Toward Religion Salva..tion Army Work The Government is giving up the attempt to make the Indian A law was passed in Mexico On November 1st a great farea white man. Instead, he is be- two years ago forbidding the well was held in Royal Albert ing encouraged in self-govern- teaching of religion in all Hall, London, for General Edment, in his own native arts and schools, and since then there has ward J. and Mrs. Higgins. The is being provided with modern been a gradual increase in the sanitation and the comforts of rigor of enforcement. Control Duke of York, who acted as civilization. of education and the press is an- chairman, said: other government policy. Since 1887, says Ward Shep- The Salvation Army makes a great The present situation is one of bitterness, suspicion and confu- claim upon the regard not only of sion. An amendment to Article III of the Constitution, which members of the Royal Family but on has been passed by congress but not yet submitted to the states, all sincere and thoughtful people …. I requires that all education shall be socialistic, excluding all reli- believe there is today more mutual gious doctrines. Teachers in pri- vate schools must agree with sympathy and understanding, nation- these requirements. Religious all~ and internationally, and the Sal- corporations, ministers of reli- vatIOn Army, among other religious gion, and societies connected di- rectly or indirectly with the and philanthropic bodies, has had a propaganda of a religious creed, are forbidden to take part in pri- full share in bringing that about. mary, secondary or normal schools, or to give them economic Men of many faiths, some of them support. leading representatives of those faiths It is impossible to foresee the -Angli~an, non-conformist, Catholic, full effect of all this on Protes- tant mission work. Jew, Hmdu, Mohammedan-meet in glad accord to show their apprecia- tion of the retiring general, and thus pay ther tribute to the work of the Salvation Army. .

General Higgins reviewed the widespread activities of the a.rmy, which include the opera- tIon of 89 main hospitals, seven for lepers only; 18 separate col- onies for placing poor families on the land; 120 homes for de- tsheertperdovaisnidonoorfp3h4a,n0e0d0,0c0h0ilmderaeln~' in a year for the hungry poor;

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

139 labor bureaus, and 224 Russia; while the American under the Italian law and coop- workshops; work in 172 slum Christian Committee for Ger- erating with the Foreign Mis- areas in the large cities of the man Refugees, which is endeav- sion Board of the Southern world; the preaching of the Gos- oring under the chairmanship of Convention. The new president pel in nearly 17,000 mission Dr. Cadman to aid in caring for of this Italian Convention is Rev. halls, of which over 6,000 are in the non-Jewish refugees from Ignatius Rivera, pastor of the non-Christian countries; and Germany, is finding great diffi- church in Florence, who finished the direction and control of 45 culty in arousing any general his education in Glasgow, Scot- training colleges for officers. land, and is a well trained realization of the situation. It preacher. The Boys' Brigade is said that one in five of these refugees is a Christian. De- – Watchman-Examiner. In 1883, William A. Smith, a scendants of the Huguenots in Sunday-school superintendent of France have shown, perhaps, the Gipsies in Austria Glasgow, was faced with the problem of holding boys past 11 most concern. Jewish generosity There is still in Europe one years of age with two other men, toward Christian refugees has people who know almost nothing 'and 30 boys, he formed the been remarkable. -Advance. of God, and of His salvation "Boys' Brigade," a movement through Jesus Christ. This is which has spread throughout the Jews Turn to Christ the small nation of gipsies, rov- world. Within three years there ing, despised, often persecuted. were 61 companies in and The Maranos of Portugal are Many who formerly lived in the around Glasgow and later the Hungarian territory known as movement reached such propor- Jews who were forced into Ro- Biirgenland, have now* through tions that Mr. Smith gave up his the Treaty of Versailles, been business to devote all his time to man Catholicism by the Inquisi- transferred to Austria. Thou- the Boys' Brigade, until his sands of them are living in death in 1914. In 1909, King tion. They have retained Jewish closed settlements of miserable Edward made him a knight. mud houses. Isolated settle- customs and forms of prayer, ments are also found in Carin- There are now companies of thia and Upper Austria. To the Brigade in Canada, India, and have kept themselves from bring the Gospel to these gipsies Australia, New Zealand, Africa, is a task undertaken by a lay West Indies, Ceylon, Newfound- intermarriage with Catholics. worker, Walter Miiller, a former land, U. S. A., China, Latvia, student at the Bible School for Denmark, and now in Malaya. Orthodox Jews have been at- southeast Europe in St. Andrae, The object is, "The advancement near Villach. He reports: of Christ's Kingdom among boys tempting to win them back to and the promotion of habits of A gipsy invited me to come to his Obedience, Reverence, Disci- Judaism, but they are unwilling house, telling me that the thirty New pline, Self-Respect and all that Testaments I had forwarded to him tends towards a true Christian to return to a Christless syna- had arrived, and that they had been Manliness," and the motto "Sure reading them till 10 p. m. In that and Stedfast." gogue. So a Hebrew Christian room I found thirty gipsies assem- bled, and I was asked to speak of Relief for Evangelical Alliance of Portugal has been Christ. The gipsies sat with crossed legs on the floor listening devoutly Churches formed by a number of Portu- and eagerly, while the audience stead- ily increased. Thus I found that An important meeting of the guese Christians of Hebrew these despised people are open to the Central Bureau for Relief of the Gospel, and it has been. a joy to me Evangelical Churches of Europe, race,-teachers, ministers and to see their eager response to the now identified with the Ameri- message of Salvation. I am finding can Section of the Universal business men, to bring them into many open doors and many new coun- Christian Council, was held re- try places which up till now have cently under the chairmanship evangelical Christianity. On the been visited by no one with the pur- of Dr. William H. Foulkes. pose of circulating the Word of God. Plans were made for continuing badge of the new organization the important services which An Anti-Christmas Campaign this agency has been rendering are the letters XN. In the six- under the leadership of Dr. According to the New York Adolf Keller in Geneva. As teenth century Maranos, when Times, anti-religious efforts have fast as tthe situation improves so slackened and Christian or- in one European country, new signing official documents, were ganizations are so increasing problems arise in one or two their strength in Russia that the others. Many challenging situ- obliged to append these initial executive committee of the ations confront the churches of League of Militant Atheists have letters with their names. They issued a call for a "Christmas campaign" against religion, to stand for Christao Novo ("New begin November 25 and continue two months. The whole Soviet Christians"), in contradistinc- tion to Christao Vetno ("Old Christians," that is, Roman Catholics) . Mr. Pereira, the vice-president of the new Alli- ance says: "we are not ashamed to own that we are New Chris- tians of Jewish descent who have accepted Christ as Lord and Master." -So S. Times.

Italian Baptists There are in Italy about 3,000 Baptists organized into fifty-one churches and sixty out-stations, under the supervision of South- ern Baptists. Now the Italian National Baptist Convention has been organized with a board of directors legally incorporated

network-the Young Communist Mission, gave some pertinent sionary thinks he is sharpening organization, trade unions, agri- facts about that part of Africa his bush knife on the Lord's Day, cultural advisers, village teach- which are perhaps not generally but finds that the little hut is a ers and the movies, radio, press known. The Sudan is almost as Christian prayer house where and clubs is asked to mobilize to large as Europe, with an esti- the Ndali people hold evening push back the rising tide of wor- mated population of 32,000,000. services. Some people are passship. The northern portion is chiefly ing with hymn books and Testa- Mohammedan, the southern ments. Striking the stones was Reports to the central head- mainly pagan. There are over in imitation of church bells. quarters of the militant atheists 600 distinct tribes. For many indicate that there is some rea- hundred years it was closed to Inside the church were several son for the atheist league's dis- evangelism; now it is practical- little seats, consisting of forked quietude. In many villages not ly open throughout. limbs stuck in the ground and only are there no actively pro- supported in the fork a limb on fessing atheists but Communist Twenty-one missions are at which the people could sit. The party members are winking at work, with 180 stations and 672 speaker had a little stand conthe practice of religion or even missionaries, whereas thirty- sisting of a board resting on engaging in it. Most churches three years ago there was but three sticks of wood and behind that have not been turned into one station in occupation. Only it a firm, little bench. The movie theaters, warehouses, or about 50 per cent of the people church measured only six feet demolished, are f r e que n t I y have been reached so far. Some by twelve and the windows were crowded with worshipers. sixty-three languages have been mere openings in the walls. The reduced to writing sufficiently gardener made a short prayer, AFRICA for some portion of Scripture to the people then revently sang a be issued therein. There is no hymn; the gardener read Luke Covering Large Areas overlapping of missionary effort. 14, with much stuttering, giving his own original explanation. Nearly 30 years ago, Lord -The Life of Faith. He said: Cromer, then High Commissioner for Egypt, invited the C. M. S. Leper Work in Nigeria "The banquet which the King to enter the southern Sudan. In Himself cooked, and offers to us, 1905 the first party went in. The work of the Mission to that is the word which we hear Owing to climatic and other dif- Lepers at Garkida is beginning every day." ficulties all but one of that party to solve the tremendous leprosy had to retire, the present arch- problem in Northen Nigeria, Donald Fraser Hospital deacon who is still at work there. where there are at least 3,000 The C. M. S. has sole responsi- cases. There are 500 under August 16 the Donald Fraser bility for a vast area, compris- treatment at the Garkida colony. Hospital was opened at Sibasa. ing many tribes and tongues, Aid from the Nigerian govern- This event marks a further stage and it is in order to occupy the ment is promised in increasing in the development of the mediwhole territory that the eleven measure; gifts from the Ameri- cal mission established at Gooldstations are spaced about 100 can Mission to Lepers are ville in 1930 by the Church of miles apart. At each station ex- matched by the government. It Scotland. The hospital has been cept the newest, Ler, there is a is hoped that this whole area built and equipped from funds native church growing up. At may be rid of leprosy. raised in South Africa, and is Yei, the growth has attained the the first and only hospital in an proportions of a mass movement. -Without the Camp. area with a population of 150,- During the past year, between 000. At present, there are only 2,000 and 4,000 people have as- Small East Africa Church twelve beds, but it is hoped to sembled monthly for special add an additional ward very gatherings for the deepening of From time to time mention is soon. spiritual life. One of the leaders made of very small houses of here is a young chief from Yam- worship in which the spirit of The appreciation of the native bio, who secured leave of absence God is at work, and where men people was shown by the large frbm his small chieftainship for are led to Christ. European mis- numbers who gathered at Gooldtwo years and volunteered for sion journals give a description ville on the day of the official this service. This young church of a small church in East Africa opening. Early in the morning at Yambio contributes toward which shows under what varied the church was filled with those the work in other sections. circumstances the Spirit of God who had come to give thanks to is at work. Moravian Missions God, and to seek His blessing on -C. M. S. Gleaner. gives us the following account: the new hospital.

In the Sudan Missionary Gemuseus, comIng -South African Outlook.' to a congregation in the little vil- At the World's Evangelical Al- lage of Ndali, East Africa, hears Revival in South Africa liance reunion in London last a clear sound. On approaching, October, Mr. Gilbert Dawson, he finds a gardener crouching Under direction of the Move- Secretary of the Sudan United before a little hut, striking one ment for World Evangelization, stone upon another. The mis- Rev. Lionel B. Fletcher, who has

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been conducting a six months' ing in some weeks more than understood by all he must exevangelistic campaign in South Africa, reports a spiritual awak- 2,000 people in Beirut and neigh- press himself in no less than ening which amounts to a sweeping revival. He was greatly boring parts of Syria. Last four or five languages – Arabic, pleased to find that converts won during his campaign twelve year's eleven graduates are scat- Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish and years ago have made marked progress in the Christian life. tered in Bulgaria, T u r key, Assyrian.

One man had deliberately com- Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus A pastor-at-Iarge is greatly pacted to sell himself to the devil, and had actually served the and Palestine. Students conduct needed to cover the entire field devil for sixteen years. By what some people would call coinci- a Sunday service each week at until organized churches can be dence, his saintly parents came from a distant part of Africa to Lebanon Hospital for Mental established. attend one of the evangelistic -Syria News Quarterly. meetings, not dreaming that Diseases, attended by all who are their wayward son, for whom they had prayed through the well enough to be there. It is one years, would be there. Their joy was unbounded as they saw this of the things to which patients New Ideas in Sidon son and his wife walk up and testify that God had saved them. look forward, and seems to bring Teaching in Sidon Girls' solace to their troubled minds. School is not in vain. One class -Life of Faith. studying "Home and Commu- -Syria News Quarterly. Opportunity in Near East American Press Centenary nity" was asked to write on the Dr. Charles R. Watson, Pres- topic: "What Have I the Right ident of the American University at Cairo, says that the Last year the American Press to Expect from My Commudegree to which old ideas in the in Beirut celebrated its hun- nity?" Here is a composite of Near East have yielded to sci- dredth anniversary of Arabic eight papers: ence is almost unbelievable. The changes have affected profound- publication in the city of Beirut. "I have a right to expect from my ly intellectual life, social life and The Press is actually 112 years community safety, clean streets, pure even political life. The auto, the movie, travel to Europe and the old, but the first twelve years water, good roads, electric lights, ice modern newspaper have been were spent in Malta and Smyrna. made from pure water, clean markets, factors in widening the horizon Several hundred million pages of of the rising generation. Educa- meat screened from flies, and the tion is advancing by leaps and religious literature have issued examination of milk and meat. bounds. Feminism is another movement of unusual signifi- "I expect the community to collect cance to lands that have hitherto kept women veiled and secluded. from it in half a dozen different garbage, care for sewage, isolate peo- In Egypt, unlike Turkey, the fez languages, and have been scat- ple who have infectious diseases, and is still worn by men and the veil tered all over the Near East and to punish dirty people; to pass laws by women, but many free social to keep the health of the people in relations between the sexes are even in China, India, South good condition, to open schools so that permitted. Africa and the Americas. the people may be educated, to use the Dr. Watson believes that with money I pay in taxes in the right way. this new day that has dawned To help defray expenses, all comes an opportunity for serv- sorts of commercial printing is "I expect the community to drive ing these people such as Chris- turned out. The present equip- out child labor. I also look for a good tianity has never had before. position and respect for women as WESTERN ASIA ment has been running contin- well as for men. These things will uously for 30 years. cost me a great deal, they will cost me Near East School of Theology courage and ability to work, for it is -Caravan Trails. not enough to see and say, and not to A glance at the field work program of the Near East School do anything. They also cost me time, of Theology indicates that its influence is very extensive, reach- Al Jazireh and this time, energy and money I should save by planning everything at Al J azireh is an island-like home. I should follow the laws of the community, pay my taxes on time and portion of Syria, lying between . be a good example." the two rivers of ancient history -the Euphrates and the Tigris. These ideas were put into Its missionary interest centers practice in a preliminary sani- in five villages, each having a tary survey of Sidon community. small, but earnest group of Under impressive police escort Christians. In Haseecha there groups 'of girls inspected the is a church building, and the men's p r is 0 n, the women's twelve Protestant families are prison, the public bath, the anxious for a school. Am- slaughter house, the meat, vege- moudah is a thriving wheat table and milk markets.

market, seemingly oblivious of When the girls were ready to the depression. The town's present their report they invited most distinguished citizen is a the honorary members of their Protestant. Kamishlie has 81 club, a group of Sidon women, Protestant Christians; they have and a representative of the purchased a site for church and Women's Club in Beirut. With- school. Aleppo station is help- in two weeks the Sidon Women's ing to supply a preacher-teacher. Club came into existence, stat- There are about fifty Protestants ing as its purpose: "The Im- in Ain Diwar, the most hetero- provement of Family and Com- geneous group to be encountered munity Life." Three committees anywhere. If one would be have been organized, the prison

committee, health committee and ing its influence felt in India suIts will be made, and plans outa committee to help the poor. also. Under the influence of lined for future work. INDIA some of the Roman Catholic pre- The initial expense is covered Evangelistic Week in Dornakal lates in India branches of this by a gift received through Dr. The Bishop of Dornakal believes that rural India is ready, league have been formed in cities E. Stanley Jones, whose work as never before, to receive the Gospel. Nearly 12,000 baptized like Calcutta, Madras and Bang- with the higher classes in India Christians were voluntary witness bearers during evangelistic alore. A public meeting was makes him appreciate the possiweek last May in Dornakal diocese. During the campaign held· in Madras under the aus- bilities of reaching in this way in the Kistna area nearly 5,000 people definitely decided to be- pices of the Catholic Social Guild large numbers of educated, but come Christians, and 21,000, of whom 12,000 were caste people, to protest against the unwhole- heart-hungry men who have stated that they wanted to know more about Christ. some cinema films shown in that little direct touch with Chris- -C. M. S. Outlook. city. Protestants and some non- tians.

What About Ceylon? Christians took a prominent A changed viewpoint has be- part in this meeting. In India, . Missionary Coordination come rather prevalent in Ceylon, expressed concretely in a book it is very rarely that Catholics Representatives of ten misby an English professor, "A and Protestants cooperate. sions met in Bombay September Buddhist Pilgrimage." The idea is that when a backward people -The Christian Century. 5 to discuss the question of eshave been lifted by a degree of western civilization they should tablishing a joint business office be left to work out their own des- Appeals for the Colleges in Bombay. The views expressed tiny. All religions are good, but for the Singhalese none is better Advisory committees on Chris- indicate that there will be many than Buddhism. tian higher education in India advantages arising from a joint office. The sale of American The C. M. S. has a large share have been set up in Great Britain in upholding a belief in Christ in and in North America, and in drafts will be facilitated and Ceylon, but there are only 30,000 India a Central Board of Chris- other items of business, par- Christians of the Anglican ticularly those that have to do Church in a population of over tian Higher Education has come with transit and shipping, will 5,000,000. The Anglican Church into existence. The object of has been renamed "The Church these bodies is to see that the be handled much easier from a of Ceylon"; it is the first fruits recommendations of the Lindsay central office. There will also be of 100 years' work. In nearly a a considerable saving in office hundred villages schools are Commission are carried out by staff· and equipment when the staffed with Christian teachers· the colleges, and to help the oran urgent need is that of,keeping ganizations connected with these work of ten or more societies can the faith of these teachers at a colleges to give effect to the be carried on through one office. high level, since even they are in It is recognized that at least two danger of succumbing to the recommendations. An appeal missionaries will be required, axiom "Buddhism for Ceylon." for £130,000 for Indian colleges and possibly a third to make At least a third of the 147 teachers are Christians of ten years' was launched last March; and provision for necessary furstanding, or less. However, in the colleges which are run by loughs. There would be one or many villages there is real prog- American missionary societies more permanent office assistants ress, and a steady flow of those have asked the American Ad- in addition. If this experiment who are "added to the faith." visory Committee to appeal for is made and proves successful, it -C. M. S. Outlook. Rs. 1,500,000 for helping the de- is quite possible that other mis- velopment of colleges like For- sions will wish to share in the Legion of Decency advantages of such a joint. office. man College, Lahore; the Chris- The Legion of Decency started tian College, Allahabad; the -The Indian Witness. in America on the initiative of Christian College, Lucknow; the Roman Catholic bishops is mak- American College, Madura; the CHINA Isabella Thoburn College for Women, Lucknow, and the Chris- New Broadcasting Station tian College, Indore. The largest broadcasting sta- Experiment in Press tion in Asia, and the third Evangelism largest in the world, has recently been opened by the Chinese Gov- Newspaper evangelism, al- ernment in Nanking. A circle ready a tested and successful with its wavelength as a radius means of Christian work in and Nanking as the center in- Japan, is being introduced in cludes Irkutsk, Chita, Delhi, Cal- India. Dr. James E. Manry, of cutta, Burma, Sumatra, New Allahabad, writes that during Guinea and the Caroline Islands. the coming winter it is planned Just what are we likely to hear? to insert articles on Christianity The program from 8: 00 a. m.

in a number of the best Indian till 9: 00 p. m. includes the news dailies, both English and ver- (broadcast in Mandarin spoken nacular. After a four-months' with a South China accent), lec- experiment, a check-up on re- tures and musical numbers.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both Ginling College girls glee from the God of its fathers! It is the literature, and forming personal faith of the Pilgrim Fathers that club and the girls of Methodist made America great." contacts with men and women in Hui Wen High School have pro- the towns and villages in their -The. King's Business. districts. -Chinese Recorder. grams. A Professor of Nanking Theological Seminary has spoken A Model Parish Government Aid for Colleges on the topic "Educational Foun- dations of World Peace." At Pastor Tien Li Kung has made There are encouraging signs the invitation of the Chinese Government, messages from sev- his parish a model for the whole of cooperation between Chriseral Christian institutions are country. This out-of-the-way tian conferences and governbeing sent far and wide. church had been going down hill ment schools. A youth workers' -Woman's Missionary Friend. until only five members were conference, for instance, was held on the campus of the pro- Press Literature Prizes left, but Pastor Tien threw his whole energy into his task and vincial college at Wusih. A Two prizes were offered by the preached for 50 nights in the young people's conference in Presbyterian Chi n a Council, with a view to stimulating the street, organized two day schools Honan was held on the campus production of Chinese Christian and four night classes, all taught of a provincial rural normal literature. One prize of $300 by volunteers. In each of these school. Mutual understanding was awarded to the author of the centers he conducts a weekly best original production of preaching service. Difficulties and appreciation was one result. Christian literature in Chinese This is one aspect of the very published during the year 1934. which fill others with consterna- Another prize of $150 was tion only rouse him to action. cordial relations now existing awarded for the most effective between Christian and other intranslation of Christian litera- Pastor Tien's example has pro- stitutions in China. The Univerture into Chinese published dur- voked both the county normal sity of Nanking has during the ing the year 1934. The name school and the higher boarding "Press Literature Prizes" has last year received more than a been given in recognition of the school to zeal for the under- quarter of a million dollars service rendered by the Presby- privileged. For the first tim~ in (silver) from various public orterian Mission Press. their history they are conductmg ganizations, among them the na- tional government. Yenching -Chinese Recorder. classes for those who cannot read or write. Twice recently University, also, received about students from the latter institu- $60,000 (silver) from the minis- tion have paraded the city ex- try of education.

horting the illiterate to enroll in -The Christian Century. night classes. The results have Oriental Views America been commendable. New Mohammedan State -Christian Advocate. Chinese Turkestan is a poten- A distinguished Chi n e s e Friends' Work Strengthened tially rich land commanding the leader, Mr. Leland Wang, of Honkong, who paid a visit to A real strengthening of the trade routes that connect India, America recently, was educated Russia, Mongolia, Tibet and in three Chinese Naval colleges, Friends' forces in China has China. It has a large Chinese and at the time of his conversion Mohammedan population. Genin 1918 held a high position in been made by the return of five the Chinese Navy. Later, he re- eral Ma has now declared the signed his position to devote his missionaries from furlough, and state independent of China and time to evangelism. He has wit- given it the name of Islamistan nessed to his profession in al- the sending of two new ones. most every province of China, (the realm of Islam). Accordand in other lands as well. Re- Friends in England have made ing to reliable private informaturning from his visit to Amer- tion, "no Christian will be tolica, he has made various obser- this possible. In the two la~ge vations: erated in the State of Islamistan, cities of Szechwan, Chungkmg and Christian refugees are be- "We have traveled over eleven thou- ginning to trickle down through sand miles in three months, besides and Chengtu, each with over taking about one hundred meetings in the Northwest frontier into different places. One of my impres- 5s0ha0~0e00wiinthhaboitthaenrts,chFurrchi eesn ds India." There have been murder, sions of America is that there are too in imprisonment and torture in the many automobiles here. It is a nation on wheels." evangelistic and educational ef- small Christian community, and the reports declare that there With keen spiritual insight, forts. At the city of Chungking, will be exile for all survivors. Mr. Wang views America's real need as well as that of the whole Chinese Friends maintain the This son of an English manu- work unassisted. In Central facturer in London, a convert to Mohammedanism has assumed Szechwan, a large district with the title "King of Islamistan."

Tungchwan as its center, Friends are the only Christian represen- tatives. Further south, there has been a successful year in hospital work at Suining; while in the Tungchwan and Suining districts the workers have de- world, when he says: voted much time to what one of Inaccessible Turkestan them terms "old fashioned evan- "How sad it is to see this country, gelical work," h?ldin~ m~eti~gs, About the most inaccessible which puts the inscription 'In God preaching, teachmg, dlstrlbutmg spot in the world is that strip of We Trust' on its dollar, departing

territory stretching along the Pan-Pacific Buddhist has appointed pastor F. L. Ching northern side of Tibet through Conference and his wife to open work in which runs the age-long caravan A Pan-Pacific Buddhist Con- these islands. They are the first route from the Mediterranean ference was held in Kyoto last missionaries to enter this field. to the Pacific. Last year a com- July, attended by nearly 700 del- The prevailing religion among pany of six young men under the the island tribes is a mixture of egates representing Buddhism Mohammedanism and animism. direction of a veteran mission- all over the world. A message -The Evangelical Christian. ary entered the territory via the was sent to the Conference by Gobi Desert on two motor trucks. Mr. Gandhi, from which the fol- Jubilee in Malaysia One of the group writes of the lowing is taken: way this large, unevangelized It is impossible for Hindu India to- Malaya Methodists celebrate district is being reached. this month the fiftieth anniver- day to retrace her steps and go be- sary of the opening of the work On Sundays we hold services in our guest room, singing simple hymns and hind the great reformation that Gau- in Malaysia by William F. Oldgiving out gospel message to those tama effected in Hinduism. By his immense sacrifice, by his great re- who come. Quite a number of men nunciation and by the immaculate ham, now Bishop, who is planand school boys have come to listen, purity of his life he left an indelible ning to be present with Mrs. and a goodly number of people, both impress upon Hinduism, and Hinduold and young, just stroll in to see ism owes an eternal debt of gratitude Oldham. They will be guests of what is going on, attracted usually by to that great teacher. . . . .. Wherever the conference. Miss Sophie the sound of my little organ. We have the Budha went, he was followed by Blackmore, who opened the had many visitors from the various Woman's Foreign Missionary peoples that live here–dhinese, Tun- and surrounded not by non-Hindus gans, Turki, and others – and have but by Hindus who were saturated Society work in 1887, comes had opportunities to talk with them from Australia as guest of the about the things of God. . with the Hindu law. But the Bud- As there are many sick and suffer- dha's teaching, like his heart, was alling people here without proper medical aid, the traveling missionary expanding and all-embracing, and so Woman's Foreign Missionary always carries his medicine case, as it has survived his own body and Society. Bishop Badley will rep- swept across the face Qf the earth. resent the Board of Bishops. well as Bibles, gospels and tracts. Buddha never rejected Hinduism but Thus we have found it helpful to do he broadened its base. He gave it a A pageant entitled "The Morna little dispensary work for two hours new life and a new interpretation. every morning. During the last month Gautama was a Hindu of Hindus. ing Light," prepared by Mrs. E. or so we have seen some three hundred sick people, and have been able -The Christian Century. F. Lee, will be presented in Victo relieve much suffering. We hope toria Hall, Singapore. The hisin this way to show forth something ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tory is given in a book entitled Religious Education Library Malaya Rejoices.

-The Christian Advocate.

of the love of God in Christ, and win In response to an appeal made Fijian Friends the confidence of the people. by Secretary Enrique C. Sob- repefia of the Philippine Com- It seems to be characteristic of -Moody Bible Institute the Fijians that when a new Monthly. mittee of Christian Education JAPAN -CHOSEN that the Philippine Islands be thing takes their fancy they put made one of the religious educa- amazing enthusiasm into it. The Professor Becomes Evangelist tion library centers, one hundred observance of Mothers' Day is choice books on religious educa- one instance; children do all the Here is a bit of early Chris- tion have been shipped to Manila work on that day to give their by the World's Sunday School mothers a rest. Sons send gifts, tianity in modern Japan. Mr. Association. These books will Suzuki, formerly teacher of form the nucleus of a circulating and students go home for the Physics in the Imperial Univer- library for use by religious edu- week end. Fijian women have cators in the Philippines and in linked up with the rest of the sity, has taken up a small farm Malaysia. in a mountainous region of world in the celebration of the northwest Japan, and built for Advance in Dutch East Indies Women's World Day of Prayer, himself a home from which, as a West Borneo, South Sumatra and attach tremendous imporbase, he engages in evangelism. and the 200 islands lying be- tance to it. They conduct their tween, a field comprising from He was once an agnostic, but his seven to eight million people, meetings in a fine, devotional contacts with the Omi Mission brought him to Christ. He fin- spirit. -The Missionary Review ished his scientific studies and (Australia). then mastered Greek and Hebrew in order to search the must be classed as unreached Scriptures in the original. Even- territory. These islands are in" WHY DO YOU GO?

tually, he felt called to give his habited by Chinese and Malay- Some go to church just for a walk, whole time to Christian work, speaking people in a proportion Some go there just to laugh and talk, and chose.this remote and unat- of about fifty-fifty. The Chinese Some go there the time to spend, Foreign Missionary U n ion, Some go there to meet a friend, tractive region. He has an as- Some go there for speculation, sembly hall in his own house which has seven Chinese mis- Some go there for observation, where he holds meetings and sionaries working in pioneer Some go there to doze and nod, Sunday school. -So S. Times. areas of the Dutch East Indies, Some–how few-to worship God.

'~I================I'~

1 Our Missionary Bookshelf j Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,=====–==============~=,~ The Living Religions of the Indian carried on its great work result- able. The pages, too, show an ing from Stanley's call and the enthusiastic admiration for People. By Nicol Macnicol. Pp. beginnings by Hannington and China. The illustrations are Mackay. The book is a careful vivid and most attractively done. 323, 10 shillings, 6 pence. The study of the social and economic No child can read the book with- structure of the Baganda people out coming away with a warm Southern Christian Movement Press, as affected by European in- appreciation of the Chinese and fluences which have pressed in with something of a knowledge London, 1934. upon them. The writer is sym- of the sweep of Chinese history pathetic with the ethical prin- -and it is to be hoped with a The six chapters of this book ciples of Christianity and in the desire to know more. In what main with its social influence. appears to be its primary purwere presented in connection He thinks that missionary effort pose the book has been very suc- "would be infinitely more val- cessful. with the Wilde Lectureship in uable if its emphasis was trans- ferred from its present objects It is, however, easy for the Natural and Comparative Reli- to the advocacy of ethical ideals." To him it is conceivable that specialist to criticize a book of gions at the University of Ox- "ideals of altruism in which the this kind. Obviously it is writ- strength of Christianity has al- ten by one with no particularly ford (1932-34). They deal with ways lain might come to be re- garded as not necessarily insep- expert knowledge of China. The Hinduism, India Islam, J ainism, arable from a code of sexual morality which no European so- literature on which the book is the religions of the Sikhs and the ciety has in fact ever followed." based is good but does not in- clude enough modern works on Parsees, and with Indian Chris- In other words, he thinks that history to incorporate the re- Christian missions should lay sults of the best recent scholartianity. They are a temperate less emphasis on theology and be ship. The author apparently satisfied with their social and knows nothing of the fascinatand restrained study both of the moral influence, with an adapta- ing glimpses which within the tion of moral ideals to the old past two or three decades archrehistorical background and of the African social organization. The ology has given of the begin- evidence is complete that west- nings of Chinese culture, and present situation in the case of ern civilization is going to mod- still narrates simply the time- ify radically the life of the honored story of early monarchs each of the religions of India. African people whether for good who at best are probably only or for evil. The problem for myths. Lao Tzu is spoken of as They represent an attitude of Christian missions is as to how an historical personage, and no much they can contribute to the doubt seems to have troubled the great fairness, not to say of change for good and how little author's mind concerning his au- to the change for evil. thorship of the Tao Te Ching. tenderness, in dealing with the S 0 m e noteworthy characters ROBERT E. SPEER. who might well have been made non-Christian religions of India, very attractive, such as Wang The Pageant of Chine.s,e History. By Mang, Wang An-shih, and Chu but there is no question with Dr. Elizabeth Seeger. Illustrated by Hsi, are not even mentioned. Bernard Watkins. New York, Long- The romanization is frequently Macnicol as to the place of mans, Greene and Company, 1934. Pp. xvii, 386. $3.00. of the type which is not in ac- Christ and no equation of Him cord with the most generally ac- The author has avowedly writ- cepted usage. Moreover, the with any other. Dr. Macnicol is, ten for children, and most de- modern period is dealt with en- lightfully she has done it. The tirely too sketchily to introduce of course, thoroughly equipped style is vivid and eminently read- even children in any adequate fashion to the stirring events of with knowledge and understand- ing for his task and this is a good book like others which he has written. There is a slight slip in the footnote on page 160 in placing Kerbela in Persia in- stead of in Iraq. R. E. S.

An African People in the Twentieth Century. By L. P. Mair. Pp. 300, 12s., 6d. George Routledge & Sons, London. 1934.

This thesis, by a lecturer in Colonial Administration in the London School of Economics, is "A study of the influence of European civilization on the structure of African society and of the practical lessons to be learned in the shaping of colonial policy."

The people studied are the Baganda of East Central Africa -the people among whom the Church Missionary Society has Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 47]

the late decades or to an under- A History of Religion. By Herbert observe the distinction between standing of the China of to-day. H. Gowen. 8vo. 698 pp. $3.50. facts and the author's opinions. Nor does the author seem to Morehouse Publishing Co. Mil- Noone can prudently challenge know much about missions; the waukee. 1934. the authority of the professor of only mention of them in the nine- history in Harvard University teenth and twentieth centuries is Dr. Gowen, Professor of Ori- when he makes statements of by way of semi-disparagement. ental Studies in the University fact, but his opinions are in a of Washington, and the author more debatable category. For It is, therefore, a pity that a of several volumes on the sub- example, the fact that Mark bebook which in many ways is ex- ject, writes as an historian lieved that Jesus claimed to be cellent should not before going rather than as a theologian or the Son of Man is coupled with to press have been perused by missionary but his viewpoint is the opinion: "I do not think that experts and so have been able to avowedly Christian. His pur- Jesus can have meant Himself" avoid some of the defects which pose is to trace God's purpose (pp. 42-43). Anyone with the now are obvious. and method of leading men from New Testament in his hands can darkness to light and from judge of that. K. S. LATOURETTE. death to life. The untranslated quotations do not tend to make There is much in the book that A Bosporus Adventure. Istanbul the book suited to popular use. is fine but throughout the Bible (Constantinople) Woman's College, and Jesus (the term Christ is 1871-1924. By Mary Mills Patrick, Dr. Gowen begins with primi- avoided) are discussed from a Stanford University Press, 1934. tive religion, discusses ancient thoroughly rationalistic view- Pp. 284. Price, $2.25. and modern religions, and closes point. He frankly declares: "I with an attempt to look into the do not believe in the existence of Here is the story of a great future. He finds some difficulty any creator, and when I use the adventure in education for the in defining religion; "Man's word God, I mean the totality of womanhood of the Near East by faith in an ideal beyond him- values, not a person or a personal the president emeritus of Istan- self" is too broad a definition being" (p. 85). The reader is bul Woman's College. Dr. Pat- for it would include those who told that "Paul's teaching difrick went to Constantinople as a have no religion. The same ob- fered seriously from the teachteacher in 1875, four years after jection holds with regard to the ing of Jesus" (p. 75), and that the founding of the school. She author's treatment of Judaism the Christianity which will surretired in 1924. During this pe- and other religions, which he de- vive is neither St. Paul's teachriod the college grew from a scribes as "designed to prepare ing about Jesus, nor that of any girl's school of forty pupils to an men's minds for the dawning of one else, not even of Jesus himinstitution with several hundred a new spiritual day." If this self, but that which is freshly students, in modern buildings was the design, all except the evoked in each generation by the and on a campus of seventy Hebrew religion have failed to spirit which animated Jesus and acres. fulfil their purpose. He accepts Paul in theirs." We wonder the historicity of the Old and whether the students who heard The story is told in accordance New Testament but does not these lectures realized that what with the periods of Turkish rule, seem to recognize the Old Testa- they were getting as "modern before and after the Revolution. ment as a special divine revela- scholarship" was simply old in- Conditions under the reaction- tion to prepare the way for fidelity in a new dress. ary Sultan Abdul Hamid and un- Christ. He accepts Christ as dider the new republic are strong- vine Lord and Saviour but does ARTHUR J. BROWN. ly contrasted. The aut h 0 r not pronounce on such matters sketches the dark days of op- as virgin birth, the miracles and Ein Christ auf den Strasen der Welt. pression, the struggle for free- the resurrection. Das Leben des Dr. John R. Mott. dom, and the atmosphere of old By Basil Mathews. Herausgegeben Turkey as the background for The book has an immense von Professor Julius Richter (Berthe new day in modern Turkey, amount of information on the lin). Berlin: 1m Furche-Verlag. which she believes is one of the different r e Ii g ion s and is Price, R. M. 4,80. Pp. 347. most progressive of republics. adapted to discerning students She pays tribute to the noble rather than to the general read- Dr. Mott and his world-wide women who were her colleagues er. There are numerous refer- circle of friends are to be conon the field, and not less those ences to source material. gratulated on t his excellent who contributed of their substance so liberally for the build- translation of his life-story through the indefatigable pen of ing of the College and its endow- Paul, His Heritage and Legacy. By Prof. Julius Richter of Berlin. ment. We are surprised that Kirsopp Lake. The Mary Flexner there is almost no reference to Lectures on the Humanities at Bryn Islam, until recently the state Mawr College. 153 pp. $2.00. Ox- The original work by Ba'sil ford University Press, New York. Mathews was reviewed at length religion of Turkey.

An excellent bibliography, a This is not a biography of in this Magazine. It will suffice list of publications by the Amer- Paul but a general discussion of therefore to note that the trans- ican members of the faculty, and Jewish and Gentile Christianity, lation is unabridged, except for a good index add to the value of with Paul viewed as a "bridge" the omission of the maps and il- the book. S. M. ZWEMER. between them. Readers need to lustrations. S. M. ZWEMER.

and the Cosmos. By Theodore Missionary Facts from W orId Fields. Apolo, the Apostle to the

Graebner. pp. 352. $3.00. Wil- 18 pp. 15 cents. Baptist Board of Wm. J. W. Roome. 95 pp. 1s. liam B. Erdman Pub. Co., Grand Education. New York. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. Rapids, Michigan. 1934. The Omi Brotherhood in Japan. Wm. Church and State in Latin America: This author, a professor of Merrell Vories. Illus. 180 pp. A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical $1.00. Omi Brotherhood. Omi- Relations. J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 plIilosophy in the Concordia Hachiman, Japan. pp. $4.50. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. Theological Seminary in St. The Responsibility of Success. W. Wilson Cash. 92 pp. 1s. C. M. S. Shintoism: The Indigenous Religion Louis, calls his book "a critical London. of Japan. A. C. Underwood. 126 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth Press. Lonanalysis of atheism." This is a The Re-Discovery of the Spirit. Wm. don. Owen Carver. 160 pp. $1.50. Retrue characterization. The vol- vell. New York. Zoroastrianism. J. W. Waterhouse. 134 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. ume is a cogent and vigorous Something Happened. Mildred Cable London. and Francesca French. $2.00. 320 and, to the unprepossessed mind, pp. C. I. M. Philadelphia. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need: A Missionary Study in the Chrisa convincing statement of the in- Southern Baptists in the Great Ad- tian Message. C. P. Groves. 260 venture. T. B. Ray. $1.25. 201 pp. pp. 6s. Epworth Press. London. validity of any theory of life and Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville. Problems of the Pacific, 1933. Prothe world based on materialism, ceedings of the 5th Conference of Stories of Hymns We Love. Cecilia the Institute of Pacific Relations. mechanism or atheism. There is M. Rudin. $1.00. 50 pp. John Edited by Bruno Lasker and W. L. Rudin & Co. Chicago. Holland. 490 pp. $5.00. Universa great wealth of quotation from ity Press. Chicago. Stories of Indian Saints. The Late an immense mass of reading and Justin E. Abbott. Rs. 3. 500 pp. Personal Items United Theological College of Westthe material is presented so ern India. Poona, India. (Concluded from page 1.) clearly and simply that any Peace by Revolution: An Interpreta- in January to conduct meetings under tion of Mexico. Frank Tannen- the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Stuthoughtful person can follow the baum. Illus. 317 pp. $3.50. Co- dent Christian Fellowship. lumbia University Press. New argument. There are some ty- York. *** pographical errors which should Sixty Years of Service on Behalf of Dr. Ju Sam Ryang, general super- Lepers and Their Children. 94 pp. intendent of the Korea Methodist be corrected in another edition. Mission to Lepers. London. Church since 1930, has been reelected for a second term of four years. Dr. It would be well if the authori- A History of the Church in Vene- Ryang is a graduate of Vanderbilt zuela-1810-1930. Mary Watters. and Yale Universities. ties quoted were more fully 260 pp. $3.00. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** dated as some of them also are Rebel Destiny: Among the Bush Ne- Rev. John W. Nichols, D.D., was perhaps outdistanced and sev- groes of Dutch Guiana. Melville J. consecrated Suffragan Bishop of and Frances S. Herskovitz. Illus. Shanghai, November 1st. eral authorities still living are 366 pp. $3.00. McGraw-Hill. New York and London. •*• quoted in terms to which they Malekula: A Vanishing People in Sir Wilfred Grenfell, who is nearmight justly take exception. But the New Hebrides. A. Bernard ing three score years and ten, plans to Deacon. Illus. 789. 42s. Rout- retire from active work in Labrador no such mass of material as this ledge. London. and Newfoundland but will continue to promote the work for people to could be assembled without some The World Wide Church-1934-5. whom he has devoted his life by help- 130 pp. 1s. Church House, Press ing promote the work of the Internaqualification, and the book can and Publications Boards. London. tional Grenfell Association. He has 1934. been for more than forty years a big be heartily recommended as a Christian brother to the people of The Case for Missions in Modern Labrador and the Newfoundland coast. straight out, plain spoken, well India. E. C. Dewick. 25 pp. 3 as. Palghat Mission. Palghat, South informed statement of a positive India.

Christian view of God and the Africa and the Making of Books: Being a Survey of Africa's Need of world. R. E. S. Literature. Margaret Wrong. 56 pp. 6d. International Committee New Books on Christian Literature for Africa. Obituary Notes Donald Fraser of Livingstonia. By China's First Preacher, Liang A-Fa, (Concluded from 2d cover.) Agnes R. Fraser. 7s. 6d. Hodder 1789-1855. G. H. McNeur. Illus. & Stoughton. London. 128 pp. Mex. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh The Archbishop of Rupert's Land, Pub. House. Shanghai. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need. By Rt. Rev. I. O. Stringer, D.D., died Charles Pelham Groves. 6s. Ep- Builders of the Indian Church. worth Press. London. Stephen Neill. 159 pp. 3s. 6d. suddenly in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Hodder & Stoughton. London. Das Buch Der Deutschen Weltmis- his way to take part in a parish meet- sionen. Julius Richter. Illus. 332 Sadhu Sundar Singh: A Personal Mem- pp. Leopold Klotz. Gotha. oir. C. F. Andrews. 256 pp. 3s. ing. Since 1892, Bishop Stringer had 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. London. China's Problems and Their Solution. ministered to dwellers in the Arctic Wang Ching Wei. $2.50. China Aggrey the African Teacher. Wm. J. United Press. Shanghai. W. Roome. 94 pp. 1s. Marshall, wastes. *• * Morgan & Scott. London. Christianity Tested. Oscar Macmil- Dr. Marcus C. Mason, a retired lan Buck. 255 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. pioneer missionary to Assam, died in The Daughter of Abd Salam. Flor- East Aurora, N. Y., October 15, 1934. ence Mary Fitch. Reprint. Illus. For fifty years he worked among the 75 pp. $1.50. Bruce Humphries. Boston. savage tribes of the Garo Hills. His Ein Christ Auf Den Strassen Der first task was to reduce the Garo lan- Welt-Dr. John R. Mott. Basil Matthews. 348 pp. Rm. 4.80. guage to writing, and it is due to him Furche-Verlag. Berlin. and to Dr. E. G. Phillips that the The Faiths of Mankind. William Pa- Garos have the Bible in their own ton. Second Edition. 156 pp. 2s. 6d. S. C. M. P. London. vernacular. THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Unitarianism and the Gospel …………………………… Archbishop of York The Study of the Koran Text ……….•……………………… Arthur Jeffery Does the Bible Speak of Mohammed? ………………………. James Robson A Baha'i Pontiff in the Making ………………..•………… Albert E. Suthers AI Madina: Arabic or Aramaic ….•…….•…..•………….. Eric F. F. Bishop Moslems in the United States ……••.•….••..••…………•… G. H. Bousquet Christianity and Islam in Lanao ……..•..•.•.•…………….. Frank C. Laubach To Whom Will Ye Liken God? ……………………….. Laurence E. Browne A Moslem Shrine in Buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " …….. Ladislaus Draskoay The Moslem Doctrine of Revelation ……………………………"Orientalist"

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The Missionary Review of the World — March 1923

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NAME STREET ADDRESS POST OFFICE STATE I I I I I i I I i The Missionary Review Publishing Co•• 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City Home Mission Boards and the "Review" urlJt ~av ~d.rlJlJI <irhnts Some Home Mission workers have had the erroneous impression that the REVIEW has Offers You These Lesson Helps been entirely devoted to foreign missions. While founded by Rev. Royal G. Wilder originally as a foreign missionary review, it Every Week! has heen a world rev;ew ever since 1888, when Dr. James M. Sherwood and Dr. W. H. Grimth Thomas, D.D., the famous Arthur T. Pierson became the editors. The British Bible teacher, sought for by Bible Home Mission canse in America is systemat· schools and conferences the world around, disically and prominently presented both in cusses each "Lesson as a Whole." articles and in news. Last year, for in· stance, there appeared in the REVIEW thirty- Prafe••or Charles C&lvert Ellis, Ph.D. The one articles on Home Mission topics, includ- I.rincipics of education and J,sychology are ap· h~ii~v!~ ~~~h~h~i~nB~{le~ sclentific expert wlio ing a whole number on the American Negro, Britain's Greatest Devotional Writer, Dr. several articles on the Foreigners in Amer- Alexander Smellie, of Carluke, ~cotland, opens ica, the Mormons, mountaineers of the South, up for you his treasures of spiritual and rural problems, city evangelism, the Indians literary research. and three pages each month were also devoted to the Women's Home Mission Bul- Howard A. Banks, Litt.D., the much-Joved letin. ~di~~~r~td¥~~ 3St :~!~r'S~~~~~9¥r::ss.oci~~: For several years, the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for Home Mis- nishes his fresh, searching "~esson Pilot" in sions have cooperated with the REVIEW by time·saving and heart-enriching helpfulness. appointing committees to act on the Editorial Council. Last year fifteen Home Mission The Lesson Oartoon. Religious journalism has never known anything like these powerf.ul ~a:~~~;~ ~!d th~o~or~~~g~li~igaIJ3i~l:a~'ach:;: E. J. Pace, D.D.

Boards and General Missionary Societies co- The Inlmlt&ble Ridgw&y. The Coatesville operated by making appropriations to the iron and steel man's lesson talks in "The Busy maintenance fund SO that the work of the Men's Corner" come out of real life. and can- REVIEW might be continued. At the recent not be imitated or found elsewhere. annual meeting of the Councils in Atlantic City the following resolutions were adopted The Whole World'. Choicest Illu8tra.t!ona urging Home Mission Boards to cooperate in are furnished in the 'rIMl;s' readers' own "Il_ practical ways to make the REVIEW a still lustration Round-Table," one of the most more effective agency in stimulating interest eagerly rea.d departments in Sunday-school and disseminating information concerning Home Missions: journalism.

In view of the interdenominational char· One-Minute Mission Ta.lk, by Miss Homer- Dixon, is a gem of missionary information and aeter of the MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD inspiration.

and its increasing value to the Home Mission The Little letts. Wade C. Smith's fountain cause, we recommend: pen genius has captivated the Sunday.school world and his Quaint black·and-white figures 1. That the Home Missions Council and the are u;ed in more different ways, by both grown- Council of Women for Home Missions continue ups and children. than probably any other their committeE'S to cooperate with the Editorial Council of tbe REVIEW. lesson help published.

2. That the constituent Home Mission Boards A Bu.in~ss Kan's Pla.tform Review. be asked to contribute to the financial support Philip E. HOW8rd, President of THlC SUNDAY of the REVIEW, if Dot in proportion to their SCHOOl, TIMES COMPANY~ shows eve,-;: week how budgets, at least making Borne appropriation to crystallize the lesson in a three-mmute mesduring the year to show their sympathy and sage from the platform. readiness to promote the usefulness of the magazine. And Graded Helps. The Primary Depart· ment is led ·every week by capable, motherly 3. That the Boards cooperate definitely in promoting the circulation ot the REVIEW by Mrs Bryner' of just th e materia l byneeadesdkl.1t1oe~r recommending 1t to their ooDstJtuencJes, by in- "'yoUr Class' Girls" is gt/en cluding it In their mission study course ma- teacher, Mrs. Askew; and Say, Fellows-:-, terial, by enclosing ctrculars in their corre- the fascinating talk for boys, by Wade C. Smith. spondence, and by receiving and forwarding subscriptions. Nor is this eavlle;ry-fworeekTRm.tteSrUdNe~DoAmYm.aSt(t,o~OnOaJ1.. Tnlts as an 4. That each Board or denominational socIety appoint someone to keep In touch with loumal f01" adults in Bible study, BIble teachthe Editor of the REVIEW for the purpose ot mg, Sunday·school manag~rnent, and the ~ Christian life and serVlce. has a ~~~rIYJ~:o~~:aiio'itg~Zi~is~roO~~Y n:.!~h ~~cf°i~ wealth of oth~r equally ~trODg ~ fIi'O suggest valuable articles and writers on topics articles and departments In ~ ~o't of general interest concerning their particular each issue. Yearly subfields and work. scription rates, $2.00 for 4fOfiY; G-17 The committee appointed by the Council a sinf{le subscrip· of Women for Home Missions for the coming Q yeal' is Florence E. QUinlan, Chairman; ~~ Mrs. Bertha M. Judd and Mrs_ F. W. Wil- tion; $1.50 each o~. THE cox. The Home Missions Council ap- for five or pointed Dr. Charles L. 'White, Chairman; SUNDAY SCHOOr. Dean Carroll M. Davis, Fred Eastman, Rev. ~~4'~""~ TIlIIES COIll'ANY Boz 1150, Philadelphia, Pa. For the 25 cents enclosed ………………………-. ••etJ'V . ~ Name School J>1ease send The Sunday Times for 10 weeb to J. S. Stowell, and Dr. Samuel L. Loomis, to Address •••••.••••••• , … , … __ ••• represent them on the Editorial Council of the REVIEW. A.k your book.elJer to abow )"ou The S….d.,. Sehool Time! ……100 },le&oe mention THE MISSIONAI<Y REVIEW 0" TKlO WORLD In writlnc to advertisers.

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. MARCH, 1923 NUMBER LXVL THREE HOME MISSIONS AT ATLANTIC CITY T HE variety, magnitude and importance of mission work in North America was clearly and forcibly brought out in the annual Home Mission Conference at Atlantic City, (February 17th to 19th). A carefully arranged program, well-considered reports, opportunity for unhurried conference and statesmanlike policies made the gathering notable.

North America is a great mission field with nearly one tenth of the earth's population. Its multitude of races and problems and its strategic importance give it preeminence. About two hundred delegates from sixty-three boards of twenty-eight denominations met to discuss these problems and fields under the auspices of the Council of Women for Home Missions and the Home Missions Council.

First they considered Alaska, that great outlying territory in which live thousands of unreached Eskimos and Indians and a still larger number of irreligious white settlers. Ten Protestant missionary societies are working in Alaska, until recently without any plan of cooperation. Now, through the efforts of the Home Missions Council, the Baptists, Congregationalists, Episcopalians, Friends, Methodists, Moravians, Presbyterians and Swedish Evangelicals have formed the "Associated Evangelical Churches of Alaska." This will mean closer cooperation and greater efficiency in the evangelization of Alaska.

In frontier mission fields in the Western States, interdenominational cooperation is also emphasized. The Home Missions Council has helped to form cooperative committees in Utah, Idaho, Montana, Washington, California and among Spanish-speaking workers in the Southwest. Through their influence, overlapping has been reduced, new fields have been occupied, waste of money and effort have been corrected and a spirit of Christian fellowship has been promoted.

The American Indians always awaken interest. Many of the 350,000 red men are still untouched by the Gospel; some are not eVen 165

provided with educational facilities and after over 400 years of contact with the white men they are without the rudiments of civilization. Fully 25,000 Indian youth of school age in the United States are not in any school, government or private. In North and South America there are still over fifteen million unevangelized Indians. The evangelical missions are emphasizing today the training of Indian preachers, evangelists, teachers, nurses and directors of social service who will carry the Gospel of Christ to their own people. A new study book, "The Red Men in the United States," is soon to be published, describing the various evangelistic agencies, Indian schools and the 147 reservations where Indians reside. Twenty evangelical denominations joined in eight conferences on Indian work during the past year.

The Mormons are like an exotic religion, akin to Islam, in American life. Their missionaries are active among the uneducated in all parts of the country. Five things should be done to combat this evil propaganda. (1) Provide better literature; (2) furnish better equipment and more well-trained missionaries in Mormon communities; (3) establish union colportage agencies with chapel cars and automobiles; (4) cooperate in an educational policy and provide adequate institutions to train the youth in Mormon communities; (5) establish convincing courses of lectures to set forth the Christian truth. Westminster College is an excellent Christian institution in Utah in which six denominations are planning to cooperate. The Utah Home Missions Council is doing effective work in producing a cooperative program.

Migrant groups, such as cannery and farm workers, "lumber jacks," itinerant harvesters, fishermen and other unsettled workers form important, but neglected, subjects for missionary service. These also are studied and their needs presented by the two Councils.

The cities, with their industrial problems, their foreign populations and social evils are a perpetual challenge to the Church of Christ. Cooperation is needed to meet the situation. The spirit seems to be increasingly willing but actual cooperation is weak. A special committee of the Home Missions Council with this in charge has endeavored to produce better results through conferences and by suggesting adequate programs which eliminate waste effort and provide for Christia-nizing entire cities.

The Jews were the subject of an illuminating report by Dr. J. S. Conning. There are 3,900,000 Hebrews in America which now contains the world's largest and most influential Jewries. The mass of these people have abandoned their ancient faith and customs and are in great need of religious teaching. The Home Missions Council opposes all forms of anti-Semitic propaganda but it was proposed that a study course be prepared to supply needed information; that all evangelical churches consider earnestly the spiritual needs of the

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

SOME OF THE HOME MISSION LEADERS AT ATLANTIC CITY CONFERENCE Front row: Dr. A. W. Anthony, Mrs. F. S. Bennett, Dr. C. L. Thompson , Rev. R. W. Roundy.

Dr. S. L. Morris, Mrs. Katherine S. Westfall, Miss Quinlan.

•Tews and seek to give them the Gospel of Christ; and that the churches cooperate in the preparation of appropriate Christian literature for the Jews.

Other important topics discussed were the Irrunigrants; Spanishspeaking people of the United States; Missions in the West Indies; Hawaii; the Orientals in America; Rural Communities; and work for the 70,000 to 100,000 blind in America. This gives some idea of the immensity and importance of the Home Mission task. The forces for evil in America are many, powerful and persistent, so that the representatives of the Church need to work together even more diligently under the control of Jesus Christ.

'['he Home Missions Council reelected as president, Dr. Charles L. Thompson, New York City; and as Executive Secretaries, Dr. Alfred Wms. Anthony, New York City and Rev. R. W. Roundy, New York City.

The Council of 'Women for Home Missions reelected as president, Mrs. Fred. S. Bennett and as Executive Secretary, Miss Florence E. Quinlan.

INDIA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRIST T HERE has never been a time when India's ear was so open to the message of the Cross as it is today." So says Dnyano- daya, a Christian paper published in Bombay. While press dispatches and magazine articles emphasize the political and social unrest in India, we must not lose sight of the real signs of spiritual awakening that are evident to those who have eyes to see.

Dr. H. C. VeIte, a missionary of the Presbyterian Church, in a recent letter, calls attention to some interesting facts that throw light on the situation and are a challenge to the Christian Church. He says:

The strong, spiritual forces at work are, as we might naturally suppose, favorable to, rather than hostile to Christianity. In spite of the tremendous reaction against Western civilization and organized Christianity, there is nevertheless a strange drawing towards the person and life of Christ. In the Indiam Social Reformer, there appeared recently a most remarkable statement by a non-Christian. In referring to the trial and imprisonment of Grandhi, the Editor remarks that while it has shaken the faith of some in tIle efficacy of morality and nonviolence as a political method, a much larger number, including several who have sought to counteract the proselyting work of Christian missionaries, have been prompted to turn to the figure of Christ upon the cross in reverent contemplatiQn. Orthodox Hindus, militant Arya Samajists, devout Mohammedans, and Brahmans have turned to Calvary in commenting upon the event. "Mahatma Gandhi in jail has achieved in a short time what Christian missions had not been able to achieve in a" hundred years-he has turned India's face to Christ upon the cross….. Reflections such as these may seem irrelevant or out of taste to politicians whose business lies on the surface of things, but they furnish a clue to the unfolding of the deep purpose in history."

Of course the people of India would never have so thought of Christ in connection with Mr. Gandhi had it not been for the missionaries during the last hundred years. Some Indian Christians say that Mr. Gandhi teaches and manifests the spirit of Christ far better than many who call themselves Christian. A Hindu writes: "Gandhi is interpreting to the whole world the true meaning of Jesus' message of love and nonresistance. He believes the fire of love will melt even the hard fibre of the Britisher. He is iu the line of succession from the Christian martyrs who carried their faith in God to the ampitheatre and the leopard, and to the stake where they were burned alive." It is true, as Dr. Velte observes, that this is a one-sided idea of Christ and of Christian teaching. J eSllS was not H noncooperator with the Roman Government, nor a mere passive resister. Mahatma Gandhi entirely overlooks the fact that Christ not only turned His face to the smiters, but He also drove out of His Father's house those who defiled it. But this new attitude of India toward Christ on the cross is a challenge to all Christians to use the opportunity so that those who have so learned of Christ will go to the Master direct and study His whole life from the Gospels.

Dr. VeIte calls attention to a very remarkable letter written from jail by Mr. Mohammed Ali, the most violent of the Khilafat leaders, and a bitter enemy of the British Government. It was addressed to Mr. Andrews, formerly an English missionary and in it ilr. Mohammed Ali says that he was employing his leisUTe time in reading the Christian Scriptures. He had already read the Book of Genesis and had finished Matthew and Luke and Qne of Paul's Epistles. He asks Mr. Andrews to send him some books in which the genuineness and integrity of the Christian Scriptures are dis- cussed. "It is unquestionably true," says Dr. Velte, "that both in public speech and in the press the person and the life of Christ are constantly brought to the attention of the people. But what is still

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

more significant is this: The whole attitude of the people of Indiaespecially educated India-has greatly changed. Nine years ago when Dr. John R. Mott, in a public hall in Madras, mentioned the name of Christ he was hissed. In 1922 an evangelist of the American Methodist Church held evangelistic meetings in the same hall for six days and Hindu dailies reported their progress. The hall was crowded with 1,500 men and as many as 300, mostly non-Christians, remained for the after meetings for prayer and testimony."

This contemplation of Christ, of His teachings and of His sufferings for men on the cross, has had a sobering effect upon the thought of India. Much of the boastfulness which characterized India a year ago is gone. The people are becoming aware of their own failures and shortcomings and many are asking very seriously if they are really fit to govern themselves. They are more willing also to acknowledge the benefits English rule has conferred upon India. Mr. Velte quotes again from an Indian paper which, in commenting on the present situation, says: "A religion whlch consigns millions of human beings to eternal perdition (referring to the treatment of low caste people), which denies them all opportunities of social and moral uplift, which shuts the house of God against them, which treats them as worse than dogs, does not deserve to be respected and followed. Not until Hinduism is cleansed of its noxious undergrowth which has been sapping its vitality can there be a virile and regenerate Hindu community fit to follow in the footsteps of its great forbears and capable of producing teachers of mankind. The sources of our weakness lie inside, and not. outside. Let us not fret and fume in impotent rage beMuse there is a foreign administrator in the land. He has taught us many invaluable lessons of social equality and human dignity which we had forgotten. Let us one and all set our house in order, abolish social tyranny over women, and over large classes of our fellow beings, and introduce the rule of justice, humanity, and brotherhood in our religious and social conceptions."

Such statements fill us with hope, since they show that India is conscious of a great need that her religions cannot fill and that many are looking toward Christ as the great ideal whose example Mr. Gandhi is following. It is true that on a poster, printed by the Non-cooperation Movement showing the seven greatest men in history, Gandhi occupied the center; Buddha and Krishna stood by his side, while the border showed Christ, Tolstoi, McSwiney and Lenin. But such a comparison is not generally accepted.

"Whatever harm Mr. Gandhi may have done," says Dr. Velte in conclusion, "we are thankful for one thing, that he has turued the face of India towards Christ on the cross. The Hindu Chairman of a public meeting recently declared his agreement with the missionary speaker that the application of Christ's principles is the only solution of India's problems. India has been permeated with Christian ideas ….. This is not a time for retrenchment in mission- ary work in India. Rather we must advance, especially along evan-

gelistic lines….. There is no work more important than the training of preachers and their wives."

This attitude toward Christ on the part of the people of India gives a wonderful point of contact to the missionary and an opportunity rightly to interpret Christ and His Cross so that the people will see in Him not only the great Teacher and Example but the Son of God, the Saviour of those who believe, and One who is to be crowned I~ord of all.

TURKEY AND THE MISSIONARIES I T IS too early to determine the effect of the Turkish Nationalist victories on the future of missions in Turkey, or even on the fate of the so-called" Christian Minorities" in Turkish territory, but the victory over the Greeks and the lack of unity among the Allies encouraged the Turks to believe that they could demand the return of much of the territory lost by them during the war and entire freedom in their government of Constantinople, in their treatment of non-Moslems and their internal and external policies. Already, however, the audacity and unreasonableness of the Kemalist demands have served to unite the Allies and have caused the Turks 1'0 modify their demands. While the Nationalist Government still holds out against a separate Armenian state and has decreed the exile of Greeks from Eastern Thrace, they have yielded to the demand that Greeks and other Christians be permitted to remain in Constantinople and have even consented to give minorities in their territory the same guarantees that the Allied Governments guarantee to their minorities. The Red Cross officials estimate that there are still one and one-half million Christians in Turkish territory (probably too large a figure). Thousands of these are attempting to leave their homes, choosing poverty and exile rather than to face the danger of massacre.

As to the missionary work, which has been established at so great cost, a few of the schools of the American Board are still open, and these may be closed unless the American Government takes a firm attitude in their behalf.

When the Turkish authorities established themselves in power in Smyrna, Professor Reed, acting head of the International College, asked permission to reopen the College. The local "Mearif Mudir," the superintendent of schools, refused on the ground that it was contrary to the new law, enacted on July 30th by the Great National Assembly at Angora. It may be freely translated as follows:* "The provisions of the law regarding foreign schools are hereby confirmed, and if any permission has been granted to foreign charitable organizations to have orphan schools, they will be conducted according to the prescribed course -From the Missionary Herala.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

of study and shall be under the direction of a Turkish subject, but no permits shall be issued for any new schools. "

Turkish edicts, however, always give scope for varied interpretations and it is hinted by Turkish leaders that this law will not be applied to Robert College and Constantinople College. If it is applied to the eight missionary colleges of Anatolia, it will mean a serious block to the work.

The United States Government has declared that it will stand for "the protection under proper guarantees of philanthropic, educational, and religious institutions," and also "indemnity for losses suffered by Americans in Turkey as a result of arbitrary and illegal acts. " The public announcement of American interest in the Near Eastern question closes with the significant sentence, "It (the United States) wishes to afford protection to its citizens who wish to continue the humanitarian work which has been carried on for generations in the Near East and is rendered more essential than ever by the present conditions."

As an aid to securing this position, Dr. James L. Barton, Dr. W. W. Peet and President Gates of Robert College, have been present as unofficial delegates to the conference at Lausanne.

The Turks came to Lausanne with the one proposition that Turkey must emerge from the conference an absolutely sovereign state, as free and independent from all outside interference and control as is England.

On December 7 Dr. Barton and Dr. Peet were" summoned" before Ismet Pasha. They "nailed the colors to the mast" by introducing themselves as representatives of the American Board and talked quite frankly. The interview eventuated in the following cable dispatch to the Board Rooms:- General Ismet Pasha, Minister for Foreign Affairs, and spokesman for the Angora Government, expressed hope that Americans entertain no anxiety about their future since Turkey desired their continuance and intends adopting no laws embarrassing admirable American altruistic work. Ismet said his Government instructed him to assure us American institutions would neither be closed nor hampered because their continuance is desired. Similar assurances have been repeatedly given Ambassador Child, who is taking a most commendable stand, giving untiring consideration to humanitarian questions and to the maintenance unimpaired of American interests in Turkey.

By December 14 the Turks had agreed to enter the League and to accept a commission to safeguard the minorities. When the report came of thousands of refugees at Black Sea ports, at Mersine, and on their way from the interior to the coast Dr. Barton wrote: "The Turks' promise has gone down in the moral market about as low as the mark in the financial world."

The Department of State assures us on the authority of the High Commissioner in Constantinople that "there is no foundation for the rumors that Americans in Anatolia have been asked to waive

all right to appeal to the protection of their government while re- maining in that country. "

Missionaries are still remaining at their tasks in Trebizond, Marsovan, Sivas, Talas, Konia, Brousa, Smyrna, Adana, Tarsus, Marash and Aintab, all under the government of Mustafa Kemal. III Constantillople, Syria and the Oaucasus, the work has been developing despite dangers and difficulties. In Athens and Salonica, missionary duties have been merged in relief.

As to the future, methods may have to be changed and work ma.,' be temporarily suspended, but the missionary on the field and the American Board' are determined to hold firm amid countless difficulties for the spiritual emancipation of the peoples of Turkey, despite the hostility of a new political power.

There are indications that the Government of the Nationalist" will take a stand against all work that is aimed at reaching Moslems with the Gospel. Articles which have appeared in official Turkish papers in Constantinople and in the interior, as well as utterances of influential Mohammedans, give reason to expect that unusual effort will be made to protect Moslems from Ohristian approach. We may expect a wave of Moslem fanaticism which may be embodied in laws forbidding the teaching of Ohristianity to Turks in American schools and colleges or elsewhere. There will probably be no interference with the teaching of Ohristianity to Armenians, Greeks, and Syrians, or with their worship within their own buildings.

It is no doubt true that the Turks wish to bar from their territory all missionaries who are either trying to preach the Gospel of Christ to Moslems or who are making non-Moslems dissatisfied with Turkish oppression. They may offer no objection to purely educational and philanthropic work, conducted under Turkish supervision, but Ohristian missions are feared and hated.

A prominent pasha disclosed the working of his Turkish mind at the time of the closing of Anatolia Oollege at Marsovan. The Turkish authorities had searched that institution for arms, believing that it was somehow connected with the Pontus revolutionary headquarters at Samsoun. They had found no weapons, but they had discovered something worse: a report of President White, the most dangerous disclosure of which was the statement of the fact that there was a religious awakening in Asia Minor among the Turks and Kurds, and the beginning of a movement toward Ohristianity. It was evident that the Oollege was working for the conversion of the Moslem peoples as well as for the awakening of nominal Ohristians. That which Turks consider a menace, Christians consider the only hope of Turkey. The least that can be demanded of Turkey is the same amount of religious freedom in Turkey that Ottomans enjoy in America.

AFRICAN KING (Seated) AND ONE OF HIS MANY WIVES (Standing) BEGGING

A MISSION SCHOOL The Plea of Chiquetecoli, King of Galangue BY REV. WM. C. BELL, ANGOLA, WEST AFRICA MiRsianary of the Anwrican Board of COlluuissioners for }'ol'eign Missions "Tenda wiya ulongisi oku longisako kofeka yange si ka kala vali komangu."

"Unless n lencher comes to lench my people 1 will give up my kingdom."

G ALANGUE is not on the ordinary map. It lies in Angola, Southwest Africa, where American and Canadian Congrega- tionalists have large interest!'>. Chissamba, Bailundo, Camundongo, Ochilesso, Sachiquela and Dondi have become well knmvu in missionary circles owing to the work in those districts. Now comes a plea from Chiquetecoli, an African king over a large group of villages in south-central Angola, begging for a teacher that his people may have a chance. He represents a community of at least 20,000 people who have no school nor religious influence. This heathen king, knowing his own people and their age-old heathen customs covets for his own people the benefits of the Gospel.

The African is deeply religious by nature. His seeking after the unknown God takes the form of animism expressed through his fear of spirits. The broad-minded, sympathetic missionary, finding his brother groping in the darkness, takes him by the hand and leads him 173

into the clear light as it is in Christ Jesus. The scales fall away from the man's mind as well as from his hea.rt and he is led to discard evil customs, centuries old.

Polygamy is ingrained in the native mind yet as the natives be- come Christians, they adjust themselves to the higher standards. The position of woman as a menial or slave becomes elevated. Her emancipation is slow, for it has been her part to till the soil, plant the field, grind the flour and prepare the food. After serving her hus- band and his guests she retires to the kitchen to share what is left with the children. As the Christian spirit of equality enters the home it is inspiring to see how the men work with their wives in the field and garden to raise food for the family. The men possess herds of cattle yet they never milk the cows; as hunters they make frequent raids upon the game of the region and the boys with their bows and arrows ferret out the rabbits and the field rats and perhaps a part- ridge becomes their prey.' Goats, pigs, sheep and chickens are in abundance surrounding every village. Men hunt and fish and do the transport work, carrying upon their shoulders and heads their prod- ucts to market sometimes a distance of 25 to 100 miles.

The king sits in court as judge between individuals and in difficulties between villages. His decision is invariably in harmony with the precedents centuries old. No allowance is made for interest on capital. If a pig has been paid in a fine through extortion twenty-five years ago, the judge reversing the decision would require that a pig of similar size be returned. If a woman has been given to redeem an ox, if after thirty years that ox has been returned then not the woman only but all her own children would be returned to the master who had first given her as security against the loan made. One woman was sold for but four yards of cloth. After a generation she and her progeny became an entire village. When the claimants entered suit and demanded a settlement her children and grandchildren went back with her into slavery.

Chiquetecoli, in mien, bearing and voice, is every inch a king. It was a real treat to come in contact with him. When I made my first visit he was king of Calembe, a subordinate district. On the day following he sent out messengers to the fourteen nearest villages of his domain asking that their chiefs gather at his capital to meet the missionary, the forernnner of the school he wanted opened in his district. …It was a great meeting where the yearnings for the new fought against deeply entrenched traditions of the past. The young men and maidens were interested listeners though courtesy forbade them to express themselves. The result of the conference was that the majority acquiesced in the desire of their king for a school. Before it could be carried into effect Chiquetecoli was called to the larger kingdom of Galangue. Again with the" school-fire" burning in his heart he sent message after message that I visit him. Finally Mrs.

THE PLEA OF CHIQUETECOLI, KING OF GALANGUE

Bell and I made the long journey from Dondi to Galangue, exploring the intervening tenitory on the way. Many chiefs were met and the Gospel was preached to hundreds who had never before heard the message.

Before arriving at the king's capital we called on the Portuguese commander of the military post who received us very cordially and invited us to breakfast with him. The Portguese Government deserves great credit for the laws which have recently been promulgated for the advancement of the natives and the development of the natural resources. The native is truly the greatest asset of the colony. The High Commissioner is seeking to introduce such home THE REV. AND MRS. WM. C. BELL AND CHILDREN CAMPING ON THE WAY TO GALANGUE industries as may be carried on by the men and women in their villages, and the missionaries have accomplished much in this direction. Now an excellent spirit of cordiality exists between the Government and our missions becanse of our effort to make the natives better citizens.

We met the king at some distance from his village. He was on his way to meet us and assured us of a hearty welcome. At the outskirts of the village we found a house nearing completion, built with grass sides and a rain-proof grass roof. The wives of the king and children without number crowded about us, and goats, sheep, meal, sweet potatoes, an ox and a pig were offered us as expressions of hospitality.

At our Sunday service over 500 assembled at the stentorian summons of the court crier. They seated themselves under the enor-

THE MISSTONAHY REVIEW OF THE WORLD ll>Ial'('h

A PR~]ACHING SERVICE AT THE CAPITAL OF GALANGUE mous, dismal, low-hanging trees. The many who were questioning in their hearts the wisdom of the new teaching had ample oppor. tunity to half conceal themselves in the shadows from which they peered out to observe the effect of the singing and the preaching upon those nearer the teacher.

There were present over 100 men, counsellors of the king, all over sixty years of age, at least four of whom had passed the century mark. These all represented in the recesses of their minds the archives of the history of the tribe and country and the decisions of the courts. Verbally they had received from their fathers; verbally they would pass on the facts to the younger men, adding to them such events as had transpired during their own lifetime.

Several nearby stones of comfortable height beckoned us as convenient sitting places, but we were cautioned in that they marked the spots where heads of criminals and disobedients had been buried! The old chief's private compound gave one that" spooky" feeling. What sickly tales it could tell of the darkness of past centuries! Truly we were in the midst of heathen degradativn. After several days' stay in this village, its strategic importance as a center for Christian activity impressed itself upon us. 'l'hink of this whole district with not one school and with no messenger of the Gospel! What would it not mean to the future generation if the field could be occupied and aggressive work undertaken7 Our report to the mission aroused interest and enthusiasm on the field and at home among the churches. Rev. and Mrs. H. C. Mc- Dowell, trained and experienced missionaries, are already beginning

PLEA 01<' CHIQUETECOLI, KING OF GALANGUE

operations in that district. Two others are on their way from America.

The name Galangue will become a household word in the years to come-and why~ It is because Protestant missions build safely and surely. "'I'Ve seek first and foremost a definite conversion from the old to the new, a getting into a right relationship with God through an experience of the saving and keeping power of Jesus Christ. Starting from this as basal we build a new community. Church, school, shop and field grow together side by side. Through the introduction of new varieties of grains and better breeds of cows, pigs and chickens gTeater interest is seen in the fundamental industry of agriculture. The people give generously toward those who go out as evangelists among the neighboring tribes.

Much of Africa is yet unknown and we err in interpreting the intelligence and virility of the African because we judge him by our modern standards scarcely a century old, rather than by initial ones framed in the centuries of the past when the world was young and Africa held her own. Now is her time of real need and this plea from Galangue is but typical of the awakening in many parts. Ours it was to make known this plea but a greater privilege awaits those who respond.

"Unless a teacher comes to teach my people I will give up my kingdom."

AFRICAN TEJACHERS AND EVANGELISTS IN TRAINING AT CURRlE INSTITUTEJ 2

CHRIST AND INDIA By SADHU SUNDAR SINGH ; FTER having met different classes of people all over India, people of f i many castes and creeds, I have arrived at the conviction that spirit- ual India is unconsciously preparing herself to accept Christ as her Saviour.

For centuries there has been a deep spiritual thirst in India and gradually Christ is being revealed to meet this need. The earnest seekers after truth are being led by the starlight of their religions to the Light of the World. When they find Him, many, like the Wise Men from the East, will present their gold, frankincense and myrrh, so that heart, soul and body, and all they possess will be laid as an offering at His feet.

When we compare the carelessness of nominal Christians with the eagerness of the non-Christian seeker after truth, we are reminded of the difference in the attitudes of the Wise Men and the Jews when Christ came. His own people not only rejected the Lord of life but crucified Him while the Wise Men, after a long, tedious journey, came to worship Him. Many indifferent and ignorant Christians reject Christ but multitudes in non-Christian lands are seeking Him in different ways and many are finding Him Who alone can satisfy.

Among these seekers,. there are some who, like the Wise Men, having paid homage to Him, disappear. They do not stay to follow and be taught by Him and do not see His mighty works. They do not go with Him to the cross, therefore they do not see His resurrection. Consequently, they have no Gospel message for the lost world. This condition is not confined to India alone.

The proof that Christ is the universal Saviour is found not only in the Word of God, but in the many transformed lives throughout the wof1ld. One of.my greatest discoveries in traveling through the five continents is that people, although of different customs and creeds, races and languages, are all fully satisfied in Christ if they surrender to Him; Human need is the same the world over, and the only One Who can satify is universal and unchanging-" Jesus Christ, the same yesterday, today and forever."

As Christians, we must cooperate with our fellow-citizens so that Christ may permeate every walk of life. We cannot bring others to our uriiversal Saviour by being separate from our neighbors. Non-cooperation should not operate against the English, Americans or Indians, but against all evil-doers, irrespective of nationality. Let us, as Christians, serve with <)TIe spirit to extend the Kingdom of Christ so that His will may be done in India and throughout the earth as it is done in heaven.

Amen.

Cost of Discipleship in

BY REV. W. REGINALD WHEELER, NEW YORK Assistant Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions I N MEXIOO the observer of religious conditions feels as if he. were living in the early days of the Refonnation. The Roman Ohurch is visible everywhere, but it is the Oatholic Ohurch as it was prior to the Refonnation and not as we know it in the United States.

The Protestant Movement in Mexico is just beginning to gather strength. One of the tragic consequences of the interaction of these two religious bodies is the occasional but too frequent persecution of the Protestants by the Oatholics. Despite the constitutional article g-uaranteeing freedom of religious belief, which is $enerally observed, these attacks are sometimes made with much of the fierceness and unrestraint of the persecutions of the so-called heretics of the early sixteenth century.

From reports received as we traveled through the country there appears to have been a recrudescence of such attacks in the past few months. These reports come from all sections: from Durango in the north, from Ohiapas in the south, and from the central states. The story of two of these attacks we received at first hand: The first was upon a young Protestant lad in Matehuala, in the state of San Luis Potosi, north of Mexico Oity, and occurred about four months ago. The boy was a native of that town and was a member of the Friends Ohurch. The priest in the Roman Catholic Ohurch there had preached a violent sermon, inciting the congregation to attack all Protestants,declaring it was their religious duty to kill them. This Protestant boy was passing the church when the services ended; the people came rushing out and fell upon him. He was knocked down, beaten and was left for dead. His old mother, hearing of the attack, came up some time later, found he was still living and had regained consciousness. She tried to pick him up to carry him away and succeeded in dragging him about three hundred yards toward their home. The Catholic crowd again collected, and seeing the boy's condition, told him that if he would call out, "Viva la Virgin de Guadalupe!" they would let him live. He replied: "I can never do that, I know in Whom I have believed"-whereupon the mob closed in upon him and killed him. * The account of the second attack, we took down ourselves from the lips of two young Protestants who had narrowly escaped death. One of them was named Alfonso Sosa; the other was called Martin .This account was given us by the Rev. J. P. Houser7 of the Methodist Mission at Puebla. on November 2nd.

179

TIm lIHSSIO:ARY HI~VIEW OF THE

Lopez. Both were members of the PreHbyteriall Ohurch in the state of Oaxaca. This attack occurred on September 6, 1922, in the little village of Yucunama near Teposcolula, in the northwestern part of the state. Sosa is about twenty-five years old, and has been a teacher in government schools. For a short time he was a student in the .theological seminary in Mexico Oity, and last year he taught in the Presbyterian school in Huaclilla. We saw him in the Latin American Hospital maintained by the Baptists and Methodists at Puebla from which he has not yet been discharged. Lopez we heard ,;peak in the Presbyterian Ohurch in Oaxaca Oity. Both were still bandaged. Dr. Wall at the Puebla Hospital told us that Sosa had sustained a cut from a machete which went to the bone from ear to nose on his right cheek; his right arm was broken; the third finger on his left hand was shot away; and his head and body were severely cut and bruised. Lopez's skull was fractured, and his left arm was broken and he was also cut and bruised. Their wounds were seriously infected, due to the four days' delay before they received proper treatment.

Sosa's story, as he told it to us in the hospital, was translated from Spanish into English as follows: "Rev. A. W. Wolfe, of the Presbyterian Mission at Oaxaca, Martin Lopez and I were on an itinerating tour in northern Oaxaca. 'Ve had been threatened in Yucunama, a town of about 400 people some weeks before, and had secured a safe conduct from the governor of the state. "Te had not expected to go there again on this trip, but the group of believers there, about ten in number, asked us to come and hold service. MI'. Wolfe had gone on to Teposcolula; but Lopez and I went to Yucunama and held a service there that night. Next morning the owner of the house was put in jail on the ground that his house door was open after eight a 'clock, a local law requiring that all houses be closed at that hour. I asked permission to visit him in jail but this was denied me. We left town about nine thirty, September 6th, to go to Teposcolula four-and-a-half miles away, where Mr. Wolfe had gone. A believer from Yucunama accompanied us. As we reached the edge of the town, we saw people gathering. We had gone about one quarter of a mile when they began to cross the road in front of us and began to threaten us. After another quarter of a mile, we approached a little ravine. The people were insulting us and I was afraid we would be attacked in the ravine, 80 we turned back toward town. Then they surrounded us and began to stone us. I talked to them trying to persuade them to stop; then I was hit with a large stone in the body, and a man came close with a pointed revolver; I put up my left hand and the bullet went through my hand smashing one of my fingers. Then we ran into the field; Lopez was knocked down with stones; the brother from Yucunama was hit with stones, but he got away and Lopez also escaped.

'fHE COS'f OF' DISCIPLESHIP IN :MEXICO

"The crowd kept stoning me and shooting at me. One of them hit me across the face with a machete; when I fell, I lifted up my right arm to protect myself and it was broken by a blow from a machete; I heard other pistol shots; then I fainted.

"When I waked up after about two hours, a man who was passing by called out, 'Are you not dead yet ~' and then went on. I asked him to carry me away but he refused.

" About seven in the evening I dragged myself along through the field and soon I saw some people coming up in the moonlight with stones and rifles. They came to me and carried me up into the hills. I asked for water and then I asked them to allow me to make a prayer. I prayed for myself and for them; and I told them that if they would pick up the books and Bibles which had been thrown out along the roadside, they would find things good for them. They took me to the top of the hill and they said: " 'You are in bad shape; we had better put you out of your misery.'

" 'No,' I said, 'leave me here; God will take care of me.' "So they left me there with a jar of water, and warned me never to go back to their village again. I stayed there all night. Next morning I felt better; the bleeding had stopped and I found I could get up and walle I went over the hills toward a town called San ,Tuan Topostoluca. When I saw some men looking for me I hid from them and about ten 0 'clock reached the town. Some believers lived there and they made a litter and carried me to Teposcolula where Mr. Wolfe was. We reached there at 1: 30 P. M. September 7th. "The next evening Mr. Wolfe and ten others started carrying Lopez and me to the railroad at Parian, forty-five miles away, where we arrived the evening of the ninth and reached Puebla the evening of the tenth. " Sosa's story was simply told without raising his voice and with no visible malice toward his persecutors. Four days later in the Presbyterian Church at Oaxaca, we heard Lopez speak of the same incident. He said that when he was knocked down, he called out, "0 .Jesus, save me!" One of the villagers seemed to take pity on him and helped him up, so that he escaped to the hills and then to Toposcolula where he found friends. Long after Lopez ceased speaking his words echoed in our ears, -" 0 Jesus, save me!" That prayer of a humble follower of Christ in desperate need was answered; there is need today for prayers of equal sincerity that Jesus will save His Church in Mexico from hatred and violence and from all that is contrary to His will of peace and truth and love.

Missionary Situation in Turkey*

BY REV. ERNEST w. RIGGS, BOSTON, MASS.

Associate Secretary of the American Board; formerly a missionary in Turkey T HE present tragedy in Turkey had its beginning in the winter of 1914-15. Since that time, the American Board has lost nearly thirty missionaries by death, about fifteen per cent of the total force. Another fifteen per cent has been transferred to other fields, while almost another fifteen per cent has been retired through old age or incapacity due to ill health. Thus the missionary force of the American Board in Turkey has been nearly cut in half in eight years. Only a very small number has been added newly to the force during this period.

Of the missionary institutions existing before the war, 90 per cent of the churches are closed, no college work is being done iu any of the eight American Board colleges in Turkey and most of them are completely closed. Of the ten hospitals, only five are being operated, some of them by the Near East Relief. ·Two of the college heads are dead, one was deported by the Turks and three others have been refused permission by the Turkish government to return to their institutions. Of the forty-one educational institutions directly conducted by the American missionaries in Turkey before the war only three are now open. None of the large number of village schools remain except in the region not under full control of the Turks. The American Board property loss alone is estimated at $2,880,000.

. When we consider the native workers, the situation is hardly more encouraging. Probably two thirds of the native leadership, trained up through years of patient effort, are dead. The other one third of pastors, teachers, preachers and Bible women have fled to other lands. Appeals come from these leaders for work, any kind of work, to keep them alive. And yet they are the long-looked-for native missionaries who were to replace the Americans in the great Christian enterprise in Turkey.

Our constituency is gone. If we exclude Constantinople, ninety per cent of the evangelical Christians are either dead or in exile. The few that are left are ready to go.

Another serious disaster is the loss of position with the government. The capitulations are gone. ·Whether the governments of Europe or the United States accept it or not, in practice there have been no capitulatory rights in the interior of Turkey since 1914. Nearly fifty Americans have been deported without a semblance of trial and without any reason being officially assigned. One by ono "'From an address delivered at the Foreign Missions Conference in Bethlehem, Pa.

182 the mission schools have been closed. Despite the newspaper assertions of Ismet Pasha, the head of the Turkish delegation at Lausanne, those schools remain closed.

Another difficulty in the way of the advance of missionary work in Turkey is a change of feeling in America. There is a hatred of the Turk which leads even some of the best church members to hesitate to see money spent for his conversion or betterment. If the American Board would start a program of "wiping the Turk off the map" it would be a popular movement. Some say that the Turk is unconvertible, that we have nothing to show for one hundred years of effort and it is time to withdraw. Others point out that time and money are too precious to spend in so difficult a field; that the same investment in China or India would bring in manyfold more results. There are also business interests that oppose the missionaries on the ground that they stir up trouble with the government which would otherwise grant concessions.

Not the least tragic element in the situation is the heartache and even discouragement among the missionaries themselves. Several openly say that they will never return to work for the Turks. The mere physical problem of keeping alive the refugees, who were our fellow workers in the former years, is a crushing one. The tragedy of the Armenian and Greek peoples has torn our souls, especially as America and the nations of Europe have failed to take any strong stand to protect these minorities. A slow process of torture has been going on for seven years and the end is not yet. No human beings with hearts of flesh could stand by and witness these things all about them without losing something of their courage or strength or hope.

One fact is evident from this survey of the tragedy of missionary work in Turkey. We were working for the Christian peoples and only in a very secondary way for the Turks. Not only had there been no response from the Turks, but we had grown accustomed to expecting none. Most of our missionaries spent all their time working directly for the Christians. A large proportion knew no Turkish, and those who had mastered it so as to write it freely were entirely wanting. A thorough study of Mohammedanism was also left out of our missionary preparation till the last few years.

This, which at first glance seems like a gigantic mistake on the part of the missionaries to Turkey, finds some excuse when we realize that the principle upon which we were working was that the foreign workers were to inspire the Christian natives, so that they in turn might evangelize their neighbors. The Armenians had begun this in real earnest and were developing under the independent control of their own church the work for the Kurds. As a practical means of reaching the Turks, however, the theory broke down through the barrier between Turk and Christian, somewhat parallel to the bar-

rier between the black and the white in the southern states of America, but vastly intensified through the past ten years.

Thus, while the results among the nominal Christians of Turkey have been phenomenal, the tangible results among the Turks are difficult to find. The open hostility between Protestant and Gregorian has disappeared, the open Bible in the language of the people has taken its official place in the Gregorian Church and a definite desire for a purified Church has seized its leaders. But not one Church of Turkish Christians exists,' and few converts from Islam to Christianity may be found in the Near East; none in Turkey where conversion still means death.

THE HOPEFUL VIEW If we look more deeply, however, we shall find that the impact of the century of missionary effort in Turkey has not been entirely negligible even on the Turks themselves. There have been converts who died nobly for their faith. There was a Turkish church of eleven members with its pastor, which was blotted out by violence but the memory and inspiration remain. One Turkish convert, who, with his wife and baby were baptized in Constantinople two years ago, landed recently in New York. With the sentence of deportation hanging over him, during a twenty-five days' detention at Ellis Island, he preached boldly to his Armenian fellow sufferers. Think of it, a Turk preaching the Gospel of love to Armenians on the door-step of a so-called Christian America which was threatening both Turk and Armenian with death through a new deportation! No, the Turk is not unconvertible.

But more, there is a great group of Turks, men and women, who have received in our schools new ideals of life which they are trying to work out in their difficult environment … New and more friendly contacts were being built up a few weeks ago. Turkish clubs with their lectures and classes were largely attended; Turkish audiences were easily gathered to hear men like Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer and Dr. Sherwood Eddy; Christian and Turkish literature was being more widely read by an awakened public. Despite the fact that these new opportunities are now closed, there are some encouragements.

Our missionary program for Turkey must be worked out slowly, but a few things are clear: .1. We must not fail to follow up our Christian constituency in exile, giving them spiritual guidance and comfort while their bodies are being saved by relief organizations. It is with this in mind that the large missionary work in the Caucasus has been built up; that our workers are starting a school in Athens and planning enlargement in Balonica; that our missionaries have followed the Armenians with the consent and cooperation of our Presbyterian brethren, into Syria, and there have started among the exiles churches and schools which even in such adverse circumstances, are about forty .per cent self-supporting.

2. We must hold on in Turkey where we can. The very presence of the missionary means much and ultimately a new work will begin where now there is little but the memory of a vast tragedy-and ashes.

3. We must train for Moslem work. It is to be the work of tomorrow and we must not be unprepared as in the past when we vainly hoped that the Armenians were to bear the largest share of direct evangelization.

4. Our hospitals must be strengthened and reopened. This is the most certain approach to the Turks.

5. Literature especially adapted to Turkish readers must be rapidly distributed. Weare sadly lacking in modern material with the right approach. The new survey of Moslem literature has shown us a new path which we must follow at once.

6. We must join in the prayer of faith for the Turks; not halfheartedly, but recognizing that in their regeneration lies the only hope of permanent peace in the Near East.

We hold no battle line of force; we hold a service line of love. There is no fear of ultimate defeat on the field, but there is a terrible danger of the Church at home failing to uphold the workers by faith and prayer. The Christian missionary program is being severely tested. If we lose in Turkey the loss is great throughout the Moslem world. But if we persevere in faith and prayer with earnest love for the unlovely, the most unyielding barrier in the non-Christian world will be moved.

What Turks Think of the Y. M. C.A.

The Activities of the American Y. M. C. A. as Described! by the "Tevhid-I·Efkiar,"

rrHE April 19, 1922 CA. R. 1338) "A Danger Under the Cover of Uplifting the; Youth"

American Y. M. C. A. has begun to constitute a danger for the Moslem youth of Stamboul. The number of complaints on the part of enlightened Turkish young men who cannot endure the propaganda of Protestantism, is increasing. Confident that publications on this subject will awaken the Turkish youth, we insert another letter from one of our readers.

Editor of Tevhid-I-Efkiwr Honorable Sir:- * * to The Y. M. C. A. was established in Pera in 1914. Why? Was there any necessity of a Christian Association in a Mohammedan country? After a little thought do we not see that the purpose of

establishing a Y. M. C. A. in our country is to propagate the extension of Christianity1 But our Sheriat (divine law) is utterly opposed to this. The Y. M. C. A. was not satisfied with the Pera branch. In order to enlarge its propaganda it opened another branch at Charshu Kapou, Stamboul. Although our young men ought to have kept away from this, yet their eyes were dazzled. Everybody, young and old, began to be enlisted as members without thinking or asking about it. Previously the Pera branch had only a few Turks; but now the Stamboul branch, with over 300 members, has half of them among the Turks. Tomorrow these young men will take the places of their fathers and elder brothers. It is a very sad thing that these young men, who will carryon their shoulders the responsibilities of the future. have not yet understood the dangerous position in which they are * * This Association is of such a kind that as soon as you enter it you feel that your environment is entirely different, and not in accord with our nationality. The other day one of the Turkish secretaries of the Y. M. C. A. wished to place on a Turkish book a ticket on which a verse from the Koran was written, and he did so; but a few days later, when an American Y. M. C. A. Secretary, a missionary, came to inspect the library, and saw the ticket, he ordered it taken off. I must add that on the other books, in foreign languages, were the Cross and images of Christ, which still remain there. Can there be a better example of insult to our religion? Besides this, it is a pity that some of our young men are engaged in propaganda for the Y. M. C. A. 'rhe following is an example of this:- One of the secretaries of the Stamboul branch, a Turk, who previously was simply doing propaganda work for the Y. M. C. A.,- who knows for what purpose,-has today taken off the mask from his face, and in a most shameless way is carrying on a propaganda for Protestantism, with everybody whom he meets. He does all this for the sake of a 60 or 70 lira salary. Oh, my God 1 in what days we are living! '" '" '* One of your readers, A. OSMAN.

My congratulations on your great interest in Mohammedanism. God bless your efforts!

Note of Tevhiil-I-Efkiar.-We appreciate the action of these patriots, and congratUlate them, and we firmly hope that every Turk, man or woman, who knows his duty and loves his nation, country and religion, will stop attending this A!!j!ociation.

This opposition of the Turks is an evidence of the missionary purpose and influence of the Young Men's Christian Association in Turkey. Similar testimony shows that the reason for Moslem opposition to some of the Christian Colleges in Turkey arises from the fact that they have sought to lead their students to accept ;resus Christ as their Lord and Saviour. That which leads Moslems to oppose them should lead Christians· to uphold them.-EDIToR.

GUINEA HEATHEN OF A NEIGHBORING TRIBE CALLING AT

Transforming Papuans in New Guinea REV. CHARLES W. ABEL, KWATO, ~"-EW GUINEA Mr. Abel, who has been for thirty·t wo years a missionary in British New Guinea, is in Amsrica for a few months in the interests of the work. He went out in 1890 as a missionary of the London Missionary Society and was for eleven or twelve years associated with James Chalmers, whom Robert Louis Stevenson called "The Greatheart of New Guinea," a1ld who was kill ed and eat cn by the savages. Mr. Abel tells a wOll(leriul story of God's power and work in this great island of Australasia. He und his wife have had many hairbreadth escapes and the work accomplisbed is one of the modern miracle. of missions. Any church or society will be greatly interested and strength ened by a visit from this messenger of God. Until May 1st he may be addressed care of Mr. W. R. Moody, East Northfield, Mass., or care of THE MlSSlONARY REVIEW 0>' THE WORLD, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.-EDITO&.

BRITISH New Guinea, or Papua as it is now called, is one of the large islands situated between Asia and the continent of Australia. New Guinea is a vast country, with tremendous possibilities of future expansion. If you were to place the map of New Guinea upon the map of America it would stretch from New York to Omaha and from Oanada to St. Louis. It is a country of high mountains, rising into the sky ten, fifteen and twenty thousand feet, but we have no snow at that altitude so near the Equator. It is a land of great, undulating foothills, and magnificent forest-clad valleys, and vast plains, which within a few years will attract many men with commercial interests from Europe and America.

'Delivered at the Northfield Genernl Con!erenee. August, 1922 . and publish ed In th e Record oj Ohristian. Work.

187

It is a country of great rivers. One river in the portion of New Guinea where I have labored, has been explored for several hundred miles. I was once on that river 'with James Chalmers only a few years before he met his tragic death at Goaribari, where he was killed and eaten with another of our missionaries. For all we could see we were on the open sea. The Fly River is 75 miles wide at its mouth and a hundred million gallons of water flow out of that river into the sea every minute-enough to supply the eutire water need of the world.

The island is a land of vast proportions and the work we have been doing there for the last fifty years is only the beginning of mis- sionary effort for tbe Papuan. If any young man in America wishes to be a pioneer missionary, or to open up new ground for Jesus Christ, there is an enormous field awaiting him in this new country.

But our interest is chiefly in the aboriginal. It was to the Pap- uan that I was called thirty-two years ago, to take the message of God's love in Christ Jesus.

']'hese New Guinea Papuans are among the most savage peo- ples with whom the missionaries of A TYPICAL RA~Il~~tJiIEN OF KWATO the London Missionary Society have ever been brought into contact. The first missionaries to the country-Lawes and Chalmers and Pierse-were men who had, earlier in their missionary life, opened up important missionary spheres in the islands of the Pacific. When Lawes, the first missionary to take the Gospel of Jesus Christ to Niue, landed among those wild people they had never before been brought into close contact with 'Western civilization. On the maps of thirty or forty years ago the island of Niue is referred to as Savage Island. Dr. Lawes translated the whole of the New Testament into the language of the people, formed a church there, handed the work over to another missionary, and then, fifty years ago, became the first missionary to New Guinea.

It is something we can be very grateful for that in so many of these places in the South Pacific the first person representing our civilization with whom the savage peoples have been brought into contact has been the mes.Sf'Jlger of our Lord .Tesus Christ. It was so in New Guinea.

'l'RANSFORMING PAPUANS IN NEW GUINEA

'I.'he people in New Guinea are savages separated from one another in numberless little clans. The J-,ondon Missionary Society has thirteen stations along the south coast of Papua, about fifty miles apart on an average. If my next door missionary neighbors come to my church they cannot understand a word of the language in which I am speaking to my congregation. The Papuans have lived in this way for many generations, cut off from the outside world and even from their neighbo'rs. Any man outside their clan, coming into their waters through stress of weather or accident, is immediately dealt with as an enemy, and is killed and eaten; he is outside their clan. I need not say that when you land among' a people with such views and habits your feelings are not altogether pleasant.

FIRST EFFORTS.

The first thing that you do as a missionary when you come into touch with a new tribe is not to preach the Gospel, for you do not know the language. You have to live among those strange people for months before you can deliver God's message to KAGO, A PAPUAN EVANGELIST them, But you can live the Gospel He Jl~[~::dsi~'i.[~~~~ J~~;~e"fTn~~',t[an"- before you can speak it. In a own dialect.

hundred simple ways you can make yourself indispensable to the llatives, and you can show them the love of Christ in your daily life.

You attend to their sick, you take an interest in the children, you do little kindnesses for which there is no return. At first this is some- thing which savages do not understand. For months after I went to New Guinea I used to hear them saying: "What has he come for7 What really brought him here?" They used to impute all kinds of strange motives. They used to wonder whether my clan across the sea: had turned me out. "He says he has come to tell us something, some- thing which is good, something which we shall some day appreciate; but what is the real reason for his coming ~" They could not under- stand anyone doing them a kindness without requiring something in return for it.

You are, to begin with, a matter of the greatest curiosity to them, and you have patiently to endure much inconvenience and scrutiny. But the day comes when the novelty has worn off and you are able to speak their tongue. Then it is possib1e for you to make known why

you came and what you have to give them in the name of Jesus Christ.

It is quite impossible for me to give you a full conception of the condition of savage life-the cruelty, the inhuman practices which go on all around you. There have been times in my life, in those earlier days thirty years ago, when I used to go into my little native house, sit down alone, and wonder whether it was any use going on. I sometimes wondered if I had not gone on a fool's errand, it seemed so absolutely impossible to reach the hearts of such people with the message of the Gospel.

The Papuan has no past of which he is conscious. He is without any knowledge of his history, and with very little power of retrospection. If a Papuan turns around and looks back it is as if he were peering into a dense fog. Ask him where he came from; he docs not know. Ask him who his father was; he shakes his head. Ask him what his father's name was; he does not know or will not tell. They never mention the name of a man who is dead. He has passed into the spirit world, and that dark region peopled with the spirits of the dead is terrifying to him. This is his religion.

If you ever meet people who say, "It is no use sending missionaries to people like the New Guineans; they are far better off without the Gospel; their own religion is good enough for them," I pray you do not believe them. You would never get a Papuan to endorse that statement, not even a heathen Papuan. Their religion is something which haunts them at all times with distressing feelings of dread. Their spirit world is always malign; it follows them into their gardens, and away up on the hills, and across the sea on their expeditions, and into their huts. Wherever they go there is no escape from it.

The Papuan has little idea of the past or the future. His horizon lies close around him. I suppose he can think nine months ahead- I say nine months, because he puts his yams and his taro into the ground and they generally take about this time to mature before he uses them as food. But I doubt if he looks any farther. If you were to come to my district and go into a native village of heathen people, and say to them, "In fifty years from now there will be no single representative of your people living in these villages," no man in those villages would have a sleepless night. Fifty years ahead!- it is impossible for them to throw their minds forward so as seriously to contemplate future disaster.

And there is no uplook. Their religion is always filling them with terror. If you go to these people and ask them why they treat their own children in such heartless ways sometimes, why they practice such cruel customs, they throw it back at you every time, "Our fathers did it; we must do it. " Their lives are dominated by their dark spirit world which environs them.

923J TRANSFORMING PAPUANS IN NEW GUINEA ]91

It il:! to a peoplc conditioned like that that we take the Gospel of Jesus Christ. It is a winsome message when once they can hear it. Not only the Christian people who have accepted Jesus Christ enjoy the blessings of the Gospel, but even the heathen have been relieved of the terror of their former belief in malign spirits.

A few months before I left New Guinea I went around my district to say goodbye at various centers to little groups of Christian people. At one place, quite a large number of men and women came from villages seven miles to the east and six or seven miles to the west, and we spent a most inspiring Sunday together. We closed the day with a communion service at which nearly 150 serious men and women sat down at the Lord's table and rejoiced in the personal TEACHING THE BIBLE TO NEW GUINEA NATIVES AT KWATO knowledge of Jesus Christ their Saviour. The next day, when these people had dispersed and gone back to their villages, I was sitting in the little mission bungalow, looking out of the window, when I saw two hundred men coming in Indian file out of the forest into the mission compound. They came at last to a halt in front of the mission house, old men and young men, all of them with the marks of heathenism painted on their faces and decorating their naked bodies. They stood in a crowd in front of the little verandah. Every man brought in his hand a present-a yam, or a taro, or eggs, or a fowl-and they put these things down in a heap in front of the bungalow. They said: "Master, yesterday all the Christian people came from the villages round about to wish you goodbye, and to thank you; today we also have come to wish you goodbye, and to thank you."

T~ thank me for what? It gave me a great opportunity, of course, of speaking to them, but how different it was saying goodbye

SKETCH OF NEW BUILDINGS NEEDED AT KWATO Shop costing $800 to ljil,OOO each; a hospital also is needed to cost about $10,000 to these men from receiving the God-speed of those whom I had met at the Lord's table the day before! But they thanked the missionary because they knew that it had been his message which had dispersed that terrible spirit world in which they had formerly lived. Wherever in those villages from which they came there was even a small band of Christians, it was impossible for that hideous belief any longer to dominate the life of their heathen neighbors.

In Papua we are confronted with mally serious problems. Our chief work is to take Jesus Christ to those needy people, but I want you to see that missionary work in a country like Papua is manysided in its operations.

James Chalmers was working on the west coast for many years, and on one occasion he asked me to go around and visit his stations for him in the most developed part of Papua where the white man has come more in contact with the natives. We are confronted with the grave problem arising out of the impact of IV"estern civilization upon these backward and ignorant races. Their old life has been almost completely shattered. With government ordinances prohibiting their fighting, and with commerce coming in and so completely changing values, and with mission teaching putting an end to many of their evil customs, the old life of these people is shattered; and it is one of the important duties of the missionary, who stands there almost alone to help these people to find a new life, that in the name of Christ he should set them upon their feet, and give them f!omething useful to do in place of the old savage life that has been so suddenly destroyed.

1923J TRANSFORMING PAPUANS IN NEW GUINEA

How do education and new opportunity affect the individual 1 I had in my mission a young man of an attractive personality. His father was one of my oldest friends, a fine Christian, one of the earliest converts. .He sent his son to the mission when he was a small boy, and he grew up a capable and attractive youth. Daniela was a good cricketer and could have played on any county eleven in England, but outside of that he was not good for anything. I used to try him in a workshop and out on the roads, and on the plantations, and in the varied industries that r was starting for the natives; but nobody wanted him a second time.

r called him to me one day and said to him: "Daniela, you are a very good cricketer, but it is really a miserable thing if you are going to be good for nothing else. "

He said: "Master, r thank you for speaking to me. I will try to do better." About this time I was trying to get printed various portions of the New Testament of which my church was in sore need. We had the four Gospels in print, but that was all the British and Foreign Bible Society allowed me in my district at that time. However, they gave me permission to translate the whole of the New Testament. I had finished Romans, 1st and 2nd Thessalonians, 1st and 2nd Timothy, Ephesians, Galatians, and Philippians, but it was impossible to send the MSS. across the seas to be printed because the two Chris- THE MISSION HOUSE AT KWATO. NEW GUINEA 3

tian nations which wcre represented in Papua were at war, and while they fought my MSS. was lying in my safe.

r bought a printing press and r brought a printer from Sydney to teach my boys to do the printing but after four months the printer decided to go back to Sydney, and the boys went on with the printing. Daniela, who was no good except for sport, was the leading printer, a boy seventeen years of age. r brought these books to Eng- land, and gave them to the British and Foreign Bible Society, and the committee in London said to me through their secretary: "We are very pleased with the work that has been turned out at your station by the native Ohristians. Our committee can see no difference between the printing of these books and similar work we get done in England. We want you to put the imprint of the British and Foreign Bible Society upon all the books you have printed, and then you can tell us how much they have cost you, and we will refund the whole amount; you can then regard those books as the property of the Bible Society, and let us have an account of them as you sell them or give them away, as you think fit. "

But a missionary to a heathen people like the Papuans can not, simply by education, do very much for them. We aim at nothing less than a change of heart. When this is brought about by the work of the Holy Spirit education falls into its proper place, and becomes a a necessary handmaid of the Gospel.

It is my great joy to be able to tell you that the people we have connected with our churches along that dark coast, while they are not a large number,are men and women who are absolutely sincere in what they believe. They believe in our Lord Jesus Ohrist as their Saviour, they believe in prayer, they believe in the Holy Ghost, they are taking an interest in Ohristian work among their own people and in other lands. Day by day they are bearing their witness before are the following:+ The work for Papuans in the Kwato district has been greatly blessed and a community of over five hundred Christians has been gathered but there is danger of losing ground unless better facilities are speedily obtained for training converts and for caring for the sick. Among the most pressing needs for building up the Christian community and for training native evangelists are the following: A skilled missionary mechanic, a nurse, a physician, and their support. Contributions to the general maintenance fnnd-gifts backed by prayer. A hospital with wards for men and women ($30,000). A dormitory for men and one for women ($4,000 each). A community dining hall ($3,500) and a laundry ($1,000). A SCllOOl building ($5,000); Carpenter shop ($4,000); blacksmith shop ($1,000). A Bible training school and equipment ($5,000). Two dormitories for boys and two for girls ($1,500 each).

Sir William MacGregor, Lieutenant Governor of New Guinea from 1888 to 1889, knew the work of Mr. Abel from its beginning and commended it highly. He said, "The Papuans are at a critical period of transition from barbarianism to civilization …… Technical education will be of very first importance to them."

* Further information may be had from Rev. Chas. W. Abel, care of The Missionary Review of Ute W(lrld… 156 Fifth Avenue. New York. Gifts may be sent to the same address. The work is under the care of a responsible Board of Directors.

Missions-An Enterprise of Hope*

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Seeretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions nA.MAN may rationally view the missionary undertaking to-day with a confident and hopeful spirit on clear grounds that he can describe to other men. Weare made hopeful and we communicate hope first of all by grasping the reality of the facts.

First is the indisputable fact of the miracle of redeemed and transformed individuals. When Mr. Dwight Day recently reported his impressions of Mexico, he pointed instinctively to the individual Christian men and women whom he had met all over Mexico in whom the miracle of a purified and transformed character had been wrought by the power of the living, transforming Christ. As one talks with some of the young leaders of India today, one wonders how they can miss this point, in their new opposition to the low caste movement, and that some of them do not recognize this miracle of change in individual personal characters from the bottom of human society, in a people who were not, until Christ touched them and made them a people who are.

Men and women whom I met across the world last year were the intellectual peers of the best in our own land, and the spiritual equals, if not the spiritual superiors. One sees what they were, against what odds they hold their gains from Christ, the power that is pouring out from their lives, drawn from no source except the great original Source, and he cannot have any misgivings. They are a new order of the Apostles of Christ, as visibly and really re-made as those men whom Christ gathered into His little group years ago and sent out re-made to be the re-makers of the world.

Or take the second fact of these great tides of changing life and truth that are visibly pulsing through the world. An editorial in The Indian Social Reformer of Bombay, on the occasion of the arrest and imprisonment of Mr. Gandhi, contains these striking words. Mr. Nateson, the editor, is referring to the impress made by the trial and imprisonment on the thought of India, and says, "That while it has shaken the faith of some people in the efficacy and morality of non-violence as a political method, it has prompted a much larger number including many who have set themselves for years to counteract the proselytizing work of missionaries to turn to the figure of Christ upon the cross in reverent contemplation. Orthodox Hindus, militant Arya Samajists, devout Mohammedans, and of course, Brahmans, have had their minds turned to Calvary in commenting upon the event. It may be said without exaggeration that the ·Parts of an address delivered at the Foreign Missions Conference, Bethlehem, Pa. 195

Mahatma in jail has achieved in a short while what Christian missions had not been able to achieve with aU their resources of men and money in a hundred years. He has turned India's face to Christ upon the cross."

One need not pass any judgment on Mr. Nateson's comparisons, but one can rejoice in his positive statement. It was one of the things that interested us most as we passed through India trying to study the movements under the surface pf its life, the new standards of judgment which had come, the new courts to which appeals were made. We left Bombay a day or two after Christmas and I remember the leading editorial on Christmas morning in the Bombay Chronicle, which is, I suppose, the leading Nationalist newspaper in India, in which it justified the ideals that lay behind Mr. Gandhi's life, and the principles on which the Nationalistic movement was going forward. The National Congress was in session at Ahmedabad and it was making Mr. Gandhi absolute dictator over Hindus and Mohammedans alike. The Bombay Chronicle was justifying the departure from old ideals and the acceptance of new conceptions, not by any appeal to Hindu scriptures, by any citation of Hindu deities, but by appealing straight to the spirit and principles of Christ.

A friend sent me the report just issued on the subject of prostitution in that great city. That report illustrates the great shift in moral conceptions, due to the transformation of ideals and of judgments controlling the common thought of men, some of whom were unaware how far they were being brought under the dominance of the mind of Christ. A hundred illustrations we could cite of the way in which the thought of Jesus is penetrating the life of the world, and the mind of Christ becoming the standard by which all the life of mankind must be judged.

Or take, third, the striking fact, during the past century, of the way in which very slowly, but very surely, we have been subjugating the conscience of nations to the ideal of missionary obligation. When the East India Company was at work, it made no missionary apologies for its acts. If it wanted to take land it took it without any pretext that it was doing it as a trustee or for the benefit of the people from whom it was taking it. The selfish principle felt no need of apologizing for itself a hundred years ago.

How great was the change that had taken place when the Congo Free State was set up, for example, barely a generation ago, when old political ideals had ceased to be any longer possible, when nations could not think any longer, or act any longer under old categories that their moral sense had not questioned before. Then turn today to the mandates under which the different nations have been assigned by the League of Nations territory taken over from Germany, recognizing a new principle of national trusteeship and of missionary duty, and reflect what influences have brought about this change in the

1923J CHRISTIAN MISSIONS-AN ENTERPRISE OF HOPE

common minds of men with regard to the relationships of nations, within a hundred years.

Take one other fact which can be put in either one of two waysthe growing consciousness of men that we have in the Christian Gospel the only hope of the world, or put otherwise, the growing despair of men that there is any other hope of the world unless we have that hope in Christ.

If there were time we could multiply the indisputable facts which a man needs simply to look at and grasp, in order to have sure confidence and hope with regard to the steady progress and the sure ultimate triumph of the reign of Christ over the life of the world.

In the second place a man who is, or wants to be, hopeful today can justify his hope by the apprehension of a true perspective, by seeing more accurately the days of a hundred years ago when our Christian enterprise began. The missionary magazine of the old "Massachusetts Missionary Society," in the decade prior to the incorporation of the American Board, brings back with vividness the air that men breathed in those early years of the last century when the modern missionary enterprise in America began. All that one ever needs to do in a discouraged mood is to turn back and read of the actual missionary sources, and enter into the actual spirit of men in the days when the great hearts launched this missionary enterprise at the beginning.

We stand in the midst of the difficulties and problems of our own day, and we often come at them child-fashion, as though we were the first men that were ever called upon to deal with them. All this has been the experience of missionary administration from the beginning; our problems now are not one bit more difficult, and our resources are far richer than those with which the founders had to deal a century, even half a century ago. To dispel a great deal of our cheap despair we need simply an accurate knowledge of the earlier terms of comparison. Let any man measure those days against our days and he will thank God for the way and the distance we have been led.

Think of the change that we ourselves have seen in one generation in this missionary enterprise, both inside and without. The issue of the native church and the mission has grown up within the last thirty years. How much happier are the men who live in the generation in which that issue has become acute than the men who lived in a generation when that issue was dead!

We have seen an amazing growth of the spirit of tolerance across the world. I contrast again and again what I saw in the Mohammedan world twenty-six years ago with what I saw in the Mohammedan world last year. And while of course the eddies have come again, and will come yet once more, the stream moves on. All one needs to do is to look over a little longer time, and he sees how far and fast the great steady current has borne on.

Outside the missionary enterprise also, almost all of us can remember the day when an American Secretary of State said that an American missionary when he went abroad forfeited his political rights and became a political pariah on the face of the earth. No man will talk that way in our day, nor in our children's day.

·When we look back and see accurately the conditions of the times that have gone and then grasp the facts of our own day, many of the clouds will go out of our sky and the surety of a great hope will deepen in our hearts.

In the third place, we can promote the spirit of hope by being ready ceaselessly to enter into larger calls of duty. I wonder whether a great deal of our despair has not been due to our over-familiarity with too long accepted boundaries to our tasks, whether again and again energies that were adequate to a task when we assailed it have not died down simply for the reason that we took on no new task. The very preservation of those energies, not to speak of their enlargement, was dependent upon our courageously assuming new and larger obligations.

One sympathizes deeply with those European missionary organizations who are compelled by financial condition to curtail their work and to contract their fields. I never saw anything sadder this last year than missionary stations being abandoned, and great missionary organizations that only a few years ago led all of the missionary work of the world, closing missionary enterprises and reducing their work. Let us hold fast as long as we can to the principle of expanding duty. In the Presbyterian Board again and again we have come to the point where the work was beyond our resources, where there was no way whatsoever to enlarge our resources except to enlarge our work and make sure that our work would still be more in excess of our resources than it had been before.

This principle was exemplified when Korea was occupied and the Philippine Islands and the Province of Hunan; and must be applied in our proposed occupation of unreached areas of the Province of Yunnan, in the taking over work in northern Mesopotamia, and in the new tasks in Northeastern Persil;1 and Northwestern Afghanistan. It is not because there are any surplus resources for these new tasks, but because we believe that unless we assume larger tasks we shall not continue equal to the tasks that we have already assumed.

How urgent is the appeal of these larger tasks in this day! There is the task of a more adequate geographical occupation of the world. I have heard men say that the old missionary call is not valid any more, and that we cannot go any longer to the students with the appeal that we used in the earlier days, the appeal of tremendous unoccupied fields still waiting for men to come out, for pioneers. There are huge unoccupied areas in the world today, great geographical

CHRISTIAN MISSIONS-AN ENTERPRISE OF HOPE

areas unoccupied, great strata in the lives of nations unoccupied as yet, and great problems standing out in the nation, in the Church, even in the missionary enterprise. The Christian Church has not yet begun adequately to grapple with the racial problem, for example.

.Do we intend to surrender it to men of the school of Madison Grant and. Lathrop Stoddard1 Does the Christian Church mean deliberately to turn its back on the problem of race, and surrender that problem to men who are going to mislead humanity into the ·morass into which some men with their false interpretations of history and of human life are leading many todayW There are as great calls to the Christian Church today to pass out into new and larger tasks as the Christian Church has ever had in any earlier generation; and to feed the fires of a blazing hope in the Christian Church we must be courageous enough to grapple with the new and larger tasks. .

Last of all, we shall preserve our own hope and foster a deeper and a richer hope in the hearts of other men, if we will keep our grasp unrelaxed upon the great spiritual foundations, the sufficiency of our Gospel, and the adequacy of the power of our risen and living Lord.

There is creeping very subtly into many of our schools and colleges today-and outside of our schools and colleges, too, you can find it without difficulty-the old view of the missionary enterprise which Frick sets forth in a book that is criticized in the current num- ber of the International Review of Missions, that Christianity is only one of a number of rival religions, which are to mingle together and pool their best, so that the result will be the ultimate faith of man- kind. This is in contrast to our view that the Christianity of the New Testament is an absolute faith. Our knowledge of it is not absolute. We need all the help we can get to understand the faith, but the faith is an absolute faith, with one Lord, the only Name given under heaven and among men, the only Way and Truth and Life.

If there is to come a parting of the ways in the days ahead of us, it must come, for the only missionary enterprise that will endure and prevail must rest in the future on the same sure foundations on which it has rested in the past. Ours is not a quest for something that Christianity does not possess. It is an effort to share with the world the things that Christianity does contain. To be sure, we ourselves do not adequately apprehend them and we cannot set up ourselves as having the exclusive interpretation of them, but they are there, not needing to be supplemented, or corrected, or enriched. It is all there, in Our Lord Jesus Christ Himself, the one sufficient Saviour, the adequate Light of the world, the full Desire of the nations.

Work for N egro

BY CHANNING II. TOBIAS, NEW YORK International Y. M. O. A. Secretary for OolOIed Student Work T HE first Young Men's Christian Association for colored men was organized in Washington, D. C., in 1853. William Chaun- cey Langdon, the founder of the International Convention, who was then local Secretary in Washington, was in close touch with the men who founded this first colored Association about two years after the first Y. M. C. A. was organized in America and eleven years after the parent Association was organized in London. Anthony Bowen, a free Negro, was president of the colored Association. He and Langdon worked in the same government department and were warm personal friends. This Association was operated under volunteer leadership and like many others of its kind did not have continuous existence.

It was not until 1876, when the International Convention met in Toronto, that the work of colored men and boys was seriously considered as a part of the national program of the movement. At this convention Dr. Stuart Robinson, a Presbyterian minister of Louisville, Ky., presented the claims of colored men so eloquently that Sir George Williams, the founder of the Young Men's Christian Association, who was present, contributed one hundred dollars in the offering that followed the appeal. One of the first results of this aroused interest was the appointment of General George D. Johnston, of Alabama, to investigate conditions among colored men with the view of establishing Association work. He laid the foundation of the work in the far south by organizing Bible classes and holding Gospel meetings for colored men in many cities.

When the survey was completed, Dr. Henry Brown, of Oberlin, Ohio, was appointed a Secretary of the International Committee to organize and supervise Associations for colored men. He did an excellent piece of pioneer work, but soon realized that it was necessary to secure a colored man for the position. Accordingly Mr. William A. Hunton, the first salaried colored Secretary of a local Association, was called from his post as Secretary at Norfolk, Va., to succeed Dr. Brown. The early labors of Mr. Hunton were confined mainly to organizing Associations in the schools and colleges. In 1907 a modern building to serve as a model for other buildings for colored men, was presented to the colored people of Columbus, Ga., by Mr. George Foster Peabody and his brother at a cost of about $30,000. A copdition of the gift was that the Association should be organized as a branch of the white Association, thereby making it a cooperative piece of work.

200 The next city aiter Columbus to erect a modern building was Washington, toward which Mr. John D. Rockefeller made a gift of $25,000 on condition that a like amount be raised by colored men. They were so much impressed by the outcome of their campaign that they raised their objective from $50,000 to $100,000, of which amount colored men paid $27,000.

On January 1, 1911, Mr. Julius Rosenwald, the Hebrew President of the Sears-Roebuck Company, of Chicago, made an offer of $25,000 to every city in the United States that would raise $75,000 for erect- A YOUNG MEN'S CHRJSTIAN ASSOCIA'I'TO N CONFERENCE OF COLORED MEN AT CIN· CINNATI, OHIO ing a building for a colored Young Men's Christian Association, to cost not less than $100,000. Up to the present time thirteen cities have met the condition, and the buildings have cost from $100,000 to $300,000 each. Mr. Rosenwald gave as his reason for his offer of such large sums to build up a Christian institution, while he was a Jew in religion as well as race, he believed that the Young Men's Christian Associations offered the best opportunity for an investment in the interest of a fully rounded development of young men and boys, and seeing how little had been done for colored men he felt it his duty to furnish the stimulus for a forward movement in their interest.

The property o'>vned by colored Young Men's Christian Associa- tions in America is now valued at $3,198,800. In many cases these buildings are the only public place in a city to which a colored man may go and be sure of a decent night's rest, in addition to being of real worth to colored men in spiritual values. In the fifty-five city Asso- ciations with their 119 employed officers primary emphasis is placed upon service to men and boys through personal interviews, Bible study classes, educational classes, public forums, religious meetings and other forms of service, always having' in mind the development of the whole man-body, mind and spirit: There are also 122 colored Stu- dent Associations ministering to the needs of approximately twenty thousand men and boys in our schools and colleges. Two student conferences are maintained to train volunteer student leaders for'the work. These conferences, one at Kings Mountain, N.C., and the other at Gibsland, L'a., are con- ducted annually and are attended by representatives from prac- tically all of the organized Associa- ONE OF THE NEW COLORED y, M. C, A, tions. College presidents every- • BUILDINGS where testify to the good effect of (Wabash Ave" ChIcago, cost $195.000) student Association work on the lives of their students, aiding them through conferences, personal work, Bible study classes, evangelistic campaigns and in various other ways to come to a clearer conception of the Gospel and all that it requires of men, and also helping many students to reach their life work decisions.

THE COLORED YOUNG VV;OMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION The growth of the work among colored women and girls has been even more remarkable and rapid than that for the men. As recently as 1912 the Young Women's Christian Association had but one city and one student secretarY on the National Board staff. The latest statistics show that ther~ are now eleven National Secretaries and 108 workers in fifty-seven branches and seven centers. In the past ten years 90,000 girls and women have been reached by the women and there are now 7,140 young girls registered as members of the Girl Reserve Movement. The student work for colored women is organized in sixty-eight institutions. A summer conference is conducted along the same lines as those conducted for men students, and

CHRISTIAN WORK FOR NEGRO YOUTH

there are four full time National Secretaries engaged in student work. The training of the colored women secretaries is done very largely at the National Training School connected with the National headquarters of the movement.

This growth of the work among colored women has come about because of the intelligent handling of the war funds of the National Young Women's Christian Association War Work Council. While considerable money was spent in erecting and maintaining hostess houses in the camps, a large part of the money spent during the war was invested in clubs and centers looking forward to permanent work. Miss Eva D. Bowles is the Executive of the Department of Colored Work of the National Board. Two representative colored women, Mrs. Charlotte Hawkins Brown, of Sedalia, N. c., and Mrs.

Ruth Logan Roberts, of New York City, have been made members of the National Board.

These two organizations have led the way in Christian interracial cooperation on a large scale. The Interracial Movement in the South and the Interracial Commission of the Federal Council of Churches are the direct outgrowths of work done and contacts made through the Young Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations. A single illustration will serve to show what these contacts have meant. Some years ago, when the Central Young Men's Christian Association of a southern city was about to launch a campaign for a new building, a meeting of the board of directors was called to arrange for the campaign. There was no hitch in the proceedings of the meeting until one of the members suggested that the work for colored men should receive some consideration. A discussion followed and for a time it seemed that the proposition would not be approved. Finally, the chairman, a young Harvard man and prominent lawyer, arose and ended the discussion with this single sentence; "Gentlemen, we are going to include in our appeal $25,000 for the Colored Men's Branch, because Jesus Christ wants it done. " The result was that white men in the city gave nearly $60,000 toward the building for colored men. In the Colored Yonng Men's and Young Women's Christian Associations the tremendously difficult and trying work of adjustment without is keeping pace with the work of uplift within.

A Ripe Field in

BY REV. PAUL BURGESS, QUEZALTENANGO, GUATEMALA Missionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions (The following represents in brief the result of a six weeks' journey of missionary survey in the State of Chiapas, undertaken by the Rev. L. L. Legters, of the American Indian Missions Committee, and the writer. This report cannot touch upon the more intimate side of the trip, with the experiences of each day, which as the journey was made on foot and led into the most out of the way places, were varied and often thrilling. Everywhere the results of the years of ;revolution were in evidence in depopulated hamlets, plantations whose buildings had been burned and stock farms bereft of their cattle. The military were still very much in evidence. But the people were friendly and as a rule open to the Gospel, even in those places where it was very little known. Ohiapas, in spite of her p.resent condition, will certainly have a wonderful future and evangelical Christianity will play an important role.) T HE southernmost of the twenty-six states which make up the Mexican Federation is known as Chiapas. It is a little smaller than Ohio, and contains 79,336 square kilometers. Two mountain ranges extend across it from north to south dividing it into three well-defined sections, that lying between the Continental Divide and the Pacific Ocean, consisting of the departments of Soconusco and Tonala, that of the upland plains, which embraces the rest of the departments with the exception of Chilon, which lies to the east of the second mountain range and forms the third section of the state.

The first section is the most developed, being covered with coffee and rubber plantations, stock-farms, saw-mills, etc. It possesses two small ports on the Pacific, San Benito and Arista, and is traversed by the Pan-American Railroad. It is the richest and most thickly populated section of the state. The second section, lying between the two mountain ranges, though cut off from railroad communications, contains the political capital, Tuxtla Guticnez, and the religious capital, San Cristobal. It is the seat of the old Spanish culture and the residence of the better Spanish families. The third section is primitive jungle, practically untouched by human hands.

According to the Federal Census the number of inhabitants has diminished by about 15,000 during the past eleven years, the loss being due largely to pestilence (flu) but in part to war. The census reveals the further fact that ninety-two per cent of the people are totally illiterate and eighty per eent are pure blood Indians. Only thirty per cent of these Indians speak Spanish, so that over one half of the people, according to official data, do not understand the official language. These non-Spanish-speaking Indians have no less than sixty different languages and dialects of their own, all duly classified in the government census. These Indians live in primitive fashion in their mountain fastnesses and present all the peculiarities of dress and habits to be found among the Guatemala Indians. They are hard- 204 working and thrifty, so much so that even when on a journey and often while carrying a heavy load, they keep their hands busy weavingstraw into hats and mats. In spite of the law freeing the peons, these Indians are still tyrannically exploited by the authorities for public works and plantation service.

The Roman Catholic Church has been the religious guide of these people for four hundred years. She has brought all but one tribethe Lacandones-of Indians to submit to her authority. There are said to be 10,000 families of these Indians living in the tropical jungles of Chilon. They do not baptize their children in the Roman Catholic faith, nor do they recognize the Mexican Government. The men and women dress exactly alike. They still use bows and arrows for weapons and do not form even a primitive village organization. Their religion is, of course, an unadulterated paganism.

Aside from these primitive savages, the state has long been Roman Catholic. San Cristobal is a beautiful city about 8,000 feet above the sea. It has 14,000 inhabitants, and over twenty Catholic churches and eighteen resident priests. It was the seat of the bishopric of Bartolome de las Casas, the great Spanish apostle to the Indians and defender of their rights, and the spirit of Las Casas seems to have left its impress upon the religious life of the people. The Catholic clergy have learned the lariguages of the Indians and a superficial glance reveals far less nature and devil worship than is found among the Guatemalan Indians.

The census of 1910 reports only 600 Protestants in the state and fully half of these were Germans or other foreigners. But since 1910 wonderful changes have taken place. Some colporteurs from Gu.atemala visited the southern part of the state about ten years ago. Natives of the state returned from Guatemala or from other parts of :1:exico where they had indentified themselves with the evangelical churches and a wonderful movement toward the Gospel began. It was not the work of a foreign missionary, for there was none in the state. Nor was it the result of the efforts of any recognized Mexican worker. It was something quite spontaneous. Congregations have sprung up all over the state, and many of them are large and strong, especially in the state of Soconusco. Five or six years ago the writer was inv~ted to visit some of these newly formed groups, as were other Guatemalan missionaries. None of us ever did so. The congregations took form with no other guide than the Divine Word which they had received.

Mter the 'Cincinnati agreement had made the Presbyterian Church responsible for the state of Chiapas, the Mexican Mission of this Church sent Messrs. Gregory and Vanderbilt and Misses Turner and Spencer into the state to investigate and settle if practicable. The political situation made it unwise for them to remain however and they passed over into Guatemala.

Later on, a Mexican pastor, don Jose Coffin. was sent to look over the field, which he found ripe for the harvest. In one month he baptized over 400 adults. He was finally settled in Tapachula, but ill health has forced him to retire from the field, temporarily, at least. His counsel and guidance have been invaluable in forming these new churches, but the enthusiasm and faith to carry them on have been born within them. Their services are conducted by elders named by themselves, their buildings are erected with their own hands, and they receive no financial assistance from the Mission. A single example of the growth of the work may be taken in the village of Mazapa which we visited the same day that the bishop arrived. A numerous delegation came out to meet us as we approached the town and we were immediately conducted to the church, which has been twice enlarged during the past six years and now holds more people than the Catholic church of the same village. Upon our arrival the church bell was rung to call the people together and the church was filled in a short time. The bishop arrived just as we were beginning the service. His retinue was not so numerous, nor was the welcome he received so warm, as ours. There are only 600 people in this village and by actual count we had 325 at our service, so there were not a great many left over for the bishop. And Mazapa is not an isolated instance. There are many such villages in the departments of Soconusco and Tonala. There are single towns which today count as many Protestants as the whole state had in 1910.

In the city of San Cristobal, where there are today 14,000 inhabitants, there are only three evangelical families, all poor and unlettered and without leadership. Such an important city deserves a better representation of Protestant Christianity. The same is true of Tuxtla Gutierrez, where the elders of the church being poor and without education, cannot hope to reach many elements of the population which would otherwise be accessible. to the Gospel.

But the crying need of Chiapas is for missionaries to the Tzotzils and the Tzeltals. No Indian, so far as we could discover, has been won to the Gospel from either of these great tribes. The movement which has swept so many Ladinos to the Gospel has left these Indians untouched. Nor is it likely that an effort on the part of our Spanish-speaking brethren to evangelize them, would be very successful. The Ladinos have always been the exploiters of the Indians and feel toward them very much as the whites feel toward the Negroes in the South. The Indians on their part are naturally suspicious of the Ladinos. The evangelization of these Indians is really the work of the white missionary. We were told semiofficially that the Government would welcome missionaries for these tribes and might even place at their disposition the abandoned Indian school properties at San Crist9bal and San Andres. May our Lord raise up an apostle to them as brave and loving and more enlightened than Las Casas.

MRS. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA

MISSIONARY POSSIBILITIES OF STORIES AND STORY TELLING "Let me tell the stories of a nation," said G. Stanley Hall, "and I care not who writes its textbooks."

"I would rather be the children's story-teller than the king's counsellor or the queen's favorite," is Kate Douglas Wiggin's expression of the same thought.

Story telling was the master Teacher's favorite teaching method. Over twenty times it is recorded "And He spake unto them a parable," and many other times He told a story to impress a truth.

In our missionary methods we make too little use of this marvellous possibility. Stories of consecration of life are followed by the consecration of other lives.

Robert E. Speer says, "There is power in life stories." Again and again children who have read or heard the story of Livingstone the Pathfinder, have broken the moment of silence that paid tribute to his life by saying, "I want to be a pathfinder too." Countless numbers of small pockets, and larger pockets as well, have been empty when they reached literal and figurative gingerbread stands, because, following the example of Cyrus Hamlin, the contents of those pockets were emptied into the missionary box. An ounce of concrete missionary example, well administered in an interesting story, is worth a pound of abstract missionary exhortation.

Sources of Story Supply the great missionary Bible stories of FIRST, THE BIBLE. "Where can I the Old Testament. The New Testafind missionary stories T" Begin your ment is full of them.

compilation with the missionary stor- STORY LEAFLETS. All of the Wom- ies of the Bible. "Search the Scrip- en's Boards are issuing many mis- tures" for them. " Abraham's Call sionary stories in leaflet form. Any to a Foreign Land," followed by the one who is making a collection of story of his building an altar to the missionary stories should examine the true God in a land which worshipped story leaflets of the different Boards.

idols, is rich in story possibility. BOOKS OF STORIES. Any Mission "The Bonfire of Idols" in the story Board will furnish a list of books of of Josiah, the boy king, is full of in- missionary stories recommended by terest. "The Contest on Carmel," the denomination it represents. In "Jonah, the Missionary Who Ran recent years there have been such val- Away and Came Back," "Some He- uable additions to the books of mis- brew Children Who Were Prisoner sionary stories that all leaders should Missionaries in Babylon," "The keep ill close touch with the publica- Great Golden Idol of Babylon," "A tions of their own denomination and Captive Maid Who Was the First with the general publications recom- Missionary to a Leper" are a few of mended by their Boards.

207

EVERYLAND is rich in story materi- volumes as are desired. The cost mav als each month. Some leaders are be reduced by using cardboard £;1' subscribing for two copies. One they backs and cord or shoe strin~s for preserve for their files. The second rings. ~opy is cut up for stories to be put m loose leaf books and used for pic- Story-Telling Contest. tures for charts and albums. Many cities and churches are hav- PICTURE STORIES. The Missionary ing story-telling contests which are Education Movement has greatly en- interesting scores of people, training riched the supply oi easily available story tellers and proving a popular story materials by its series of Pri- method of giving out missionary inmary Picture Stories in which sets .of formation. six stories are published in booklet form. Six large pictures accompany Contestants are allowed to choose each set. It is easy to interest an their selections from missionary stoaudience with a picture as a starting ries submitted. A large attendance is point. usually guaranteed if six or eight boys and girls of any church are go- These Primary Picture Stories may ing to take part in a contest, and three be ordered from any denominational prominent judges are to be on the publishing house for fifty cents a set. bench. Good newspapet and church The following subjects are available: announcements increase the attend- ance. A city or town 01: village may African Pietnre Stories have a story contest in each church, China Picture Stories to select contestants for Ii story-telling Helper Picture Stories meet of all the churches. The interest Homes Around the World Picture grows very keen in the progression of such a contest. Stories Italian Picture Stories Denominational societies may plan Little Neighbors Picture Stories for a missionary story contest in each Negro Picture Stories local society. The winners become the Near East Picture Stories contestants in the conference or pres- YOUlg Americans Picture Stories byterial or diocesan meeting. The Indi,. Picture Stories. winners at the district meeting go up to the state or synodical contest, and Sunday-school teachers may intro- so on until the final contest is held at duce these stories in their class work, the national convention and a cup or or use tbem for a missionary period. some other trophy is presented to the Leaders of children's organizations best story teller in the entire organcan fit them into many programs. ization. Missionary meetings for grown-ups would be greatly enriched by an oc- It is impossible t() estimate the incasional picture story. Teachers in fluence on thousands of young conday schools will find in them illustra- testants, as well as on tens of thoutive material on different subjects that sands of hearers. If there are a numwill be most valuable. ber of churches of one denomination in a town or city or if the churches Be Your O'Wl1 Editor and Publisher of various denominations will join in a story contest a lively interest is sure Who among us does not sigh to to result. have in one book favorite missionary stories? The only way to get such 'a The Millllionary Converlion of Probook is to be one's own editor and publisher. A loose leaf binder with fellsional Story Teller. strong backs and rings, and plenty of blank sheets is the starting point. Clip There is an increasing number of good stories from various sources or splendid men and women who are dehave them typed. voting their lives to teaching through story telling. Many of them are A most valuable story library may be made in this way with as many

J923] BEST METHODS

Christian men and women who some- children heard missionary stories who how have not yet learned that there had never heard them before. are missionary stories worth telling. Every man or woman who is a A few outstanding missionary con- story teller is a missionary possibility versions· are full of suggestive pos- to be cultivated. sibility. Our Ally, the Post-office Depart_ent No. 1. She was a city librarian in <:harge of the children's division at a The postage stamp is the friend summer missionary conference. She of missions. Possibly the greatest aubecame interested, and was amazed at dience assembled for missionary storthe wealth and possibility of mission- ies comes at the call of a postage ary stories. Immediately she began stamp. to make a loose leaf book of stories she heard. She noted all the best Margaret Applegarth, in her home sources of missionary stories of which in Rochester, tells stories to the chilshe learned. When she went home dren of America. Elsie Singmaster, stories of missionary adventure were at Gettysburg, writes for the Atlantic given a prominent place in the chil- Mlmthly "The Unconquerable Hope" dren's room in the Children's Story and tens of thousands of men and Hour at the library. women are stirred by the devotion of Africa's heroes. Ida Scudder told at No.2. Was a gifted story teller in Northfield five years ago the story of one of our largest cities. An enthu- her call to India. Printers' ink and siastic delegate returned from a sum- postage stamps have carried it to mer conference had the temerity to thousands of students facing their life ask her to come to a mere missionary work. A few months ago when Dr. meeting and tell a story. Scudder was speaking in a mid- western city, a fine young student "Don't know any," was the prompt came up and said, "I read the story excuse. of your call to India, several years ago. It sent me to medical schooL "I'll send you one," was the equal- I'm in my second year. I hope to ly prompt reply. come out to help you soon."

The story interested the story teller Do you wish for an audience for as much as it did her hearers. She story telling? Every year thousands told a story at each of the eight meet- of boys and girls are graduating from ings of a Mission Study Class. Later high school and entering college. A on she accepted an invitation, long postage stamp wifl tell them the story declined to join the Missionary So- of some life that holds a compelling ciety. Now she is its efficient presi- message. There are many available dent. missionary leaflets giving such stories.

No.3. At a large Chautauqua Broadcallting Millllions grounds the children of the entire summer colony came together for an The Federation of Women's Forhour every morning with a profes- eign Missions Boards of North Amersional story teller. There were animal ica and the Council of Woinen for stories and nature stories, and various Home Missions are organizations of other stories, but no missionary stor- sufficiently wide influence and repreies. A missionary leader who was on sentation to ask and receive what they the grounds gave the Story Lady some will for the children. Local federamissionary stories. tions of mISSIOnary and church women can do anything that should "Why these are really excellent," be done in any city or community. she said with some surprise. " Are there others?" Some day missionary stories will be broadcasted regularly. Bright eyes "Dozens of them, I'll send you some more."

The result was that thousands of 4

will scan the daily radio program to tional and state and district convensee the hour for the missionary story. tions often assemble, meet continuous- Eager little ears all over the country ly and adjourn, without making the will listen to "Livingstone and the slightest impress on the children of Lion" and" Paton and his Well" and the convention city. How' short- "Mary Slessor," and "Cyrus Ham- sighted we are! Most conventions lin," and" In the Tiger Jungle." A bring together delegates, missionaries, few alert federations have already and speakers who could tell nevertried and proven the popularity of to-be-forgotten stories to the children. broadcasting missionary stories. Many Let us hold the boys and girls in our others will follow on. thinking and planning. An afternoon or an after-dinner story hour might An Opportunity for Pastors and easily be arranged to parallel a con- vention session or to be slipped in Teachers between sessions. In fact it might be worth while to meet a half-hour later Many pastors are giving short story or adjourn a half-hour or an hour sermons to boys and girls as part of earlier if necessary to have a chiltheir Sunday morning service. Teach- dren's meeting, though it is usually ers have opportunity to illustrate possible to arrange for several mistheir Sunday-school lessons with mis- sionaries and a story leader to be away sionary stories. "If we only had the from a convention for an hour. stories on hand" is the general cry. Then there is the opportunity of Dr. Hugh T. Kerr has met the need having convention speakers and misby putting in book form his Mission- sionaries tell stories at schools and ary Story Sermons.«< All the old libraries during convention periods. favorites are there and many that are We have no right to take a great misnot so familiar. They may be used sionary convention into a city and as separate story sermons or as illus- adjourn its sessions without having trative stories for lessons and talks. made any impress upon the children If we know good stories constant op- of that city or community. portunities arise to tell them. Opportuuity Unpretentious, Also Convention, Not Conventional, Stories Unlimited Why not introduce a new feature into your convention program T ,Ve Most of us look with longing if not have business upon business and ad- with envious admiration at the gifted dress upon address. Give a good story story teller. If we could tell stories teller the best missionary story you "as he does" or "as she does" we'd can find and let her or him re-create gladly give hours to the work. There your convention. One of the fine pro- is an opportunity unpretentious and gram features of the Wilson College also unlimited for everyone of us to be Summer School last year was Elsie "the children's story teller," and to Singmaster's reading of her own have part in "telling the stories of a story, "The Unconquerable Hope." nation." Not all of us can have author's readings but all of us can get good stories No real international friendship and story tellers. The subtraction of can there be, no League of Nations one address and the addition of one will endure unless stories of world story would make a delightful im- friendship are built into the nations provement in some of our programs. through the minds and hearts of boys and girls. It seems a simple thing to Another convention opportunity is give children a missionary magazine, a Story Hour for children. Our na- but it is a statesman-like piece of strategy. • Children's MiBBionary Story Sermons by HUUh T. Kerr, VUbUshed bY Fleming H. Revel! (Concluded on page 216) Go., for sale by aU Mission Boards. Price $1.25.

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIF'I;'H AVENUE, NEW YORK SPANISH-SPEAKING PEOPLE IN workers to unoccupied fields rather THE UNITED STATES than in already over-churched dis- From the report of the Committee of the tricts. Weare pleased to report the success of the monthly conferences of Home Missions Counel I and Council of Women interdenominational workers held in for Home Missions, Mrs. J. W. Downs, chairman.

Your Committee is most fortunate at least one center for the year 1922, in its relations to the Interdenomina- also the pastors' conferences and astional Council of Spanish-Speaking sociations, as a helpful link in the Workers in the Southwest. This comity rule observance. Council is composed of field workers, Board representatives and other in- Evangelism is the keynote of the terested Church people. Representa- day and the results from the evantives from denominations doing work gelistic work among the Mexicans is with the Spanish-speaking people in quite encouraging. Many churches the Southwest attend these meetings, have become self-supporting because where they discuss their work, its of the spirit of consecration aroused problems and receive help from each in the membership and the addition of other. The Council meetings are held many new members. The number of regularly in the Southwest thus en- volunteers for life service is much abling the Board member; and vis- larger than ever before, and the necesitors to become more familiar with sity for preparation is being realized; the work in institutions under their encouraging numbers of young MexiaXlmiIistration. The 11922 :meeting can men and women are in our schools was held in El Paso, Texas, December preparing to give their lives in service 5th-7th, inclusive. The Mexican popu- to their people in the United States lation of that city of 90,000 inhabi- and Old Mexico. tants is estimated at 40,000. Each field and its people have their The missionaries report in all of peculiar needs, though some of the the border sections, both in Old Mex- needs which we bring to you from ico and the United States, an attitude this field are general in their appliof antagonism between the Protestants cation to all foreign-speaking people and Roman Catholics more manifest who live in the United States. The than at any other time. It may be need of a more personal Christian safely termed a conflict between the responsibility for the evangelization two forces. Conditions demand con- of the Mexican people through the secration and much prayer, together country and for the increasing comwith courage and assurance. munity responsibility for their moral, mental and spiritual welfare is The problems, though perplexing apparent.

and formidable, cannot be shirked. There is a constant and increasing We believe that the closest interde- need for orphanages for Mexican nominational cooperation and sym- children. Already many of our pathy will help to solve the problems boarding schools are semi-orphanages; that arise, and the observance of the this we believe is not the best or most comity rules passed by the Interde- economical policy, but is a condition nominational Council will prevent which will doubtless continue till we misunderstandings and confusion and provide other homes for Mexican or- will enable the Protestant workers to phans. To this end we invite your reach a greater number of people by hearty cooperation and assistance.

locating churches and appointing New emphasis was placed at the 211

recent meeting of the Interdenomina- farm and cannery migrants during tional Couneil upon further plans for (1922) this third year of such work, the development and use of a proper together with the hearty cooperation literature and a committee was ap- of cannery owners and the neighbor- pointed for listing and creating bi- ing churches and people prove that, lingual, vernacular and other liter- so far as our means permit, we are ature. We call attention to certain meeting this great need. With more school laws recently enacted in one money, more centers could be opened, of the states in the Northwest, which more self-denying workers be sent will, if enforced, preclude all Prot- out, and many more of the thousands estant as well as parochial schools. of these neglected children and their We earnestly affirm our conviction parents receive the ministry of Chris- that such legislation and its possible tian love.

extension is un-American and detri- Last summer we maintained six sta- mental to the best interests of the tions, at Riverton, N. J.; Dover, DeL; American people. We do not believe Vale and Hickory canneries, Bel Air, that the time has yet come for the Md.; Hurlock, Md. and Stewarts- Church to relinquish its privileges town, Pa.

and opportunities in the educational The cannery owners have cooper- field, a field in which it has always so ated most heartily, supplying build- successfully led and we desire to en- ings and much necessary equipment.

list your sympathetic study of the The owner at Bel Air installed shower ultimate result of such state laws. baths at both canneries, provided The Interdenominational Council transportation for our workers and asks for the calling of a conference gave toward the general work a sum of interested executives, Board repre- of money equivalent to the salary of sentatives, and workers in the United a worker.

States and Old Mexico, to consider It is interesting to note how sym- subjects of common interest and help- pathetic and helpful the people in fulness, the time and plaiCe to be the several neighborhoods have be- chosen after consultation with the come, after the work has progressed Committee on Cooperation in Latin far enough for them to understand America, which is planning for a con- its purpose and see the good accom- ference to be held in Mexico City in plished. At two centers, the local 1923. . women have organized and have SERVICE TO MIGRANTS helped materially by making gar- ments for the children, supplying food From the report of the Committee on Farm for the children's lunches, and assistand Cannery Migrants of the Council of Women ing in many ways as they had opfor Home Missions, Mrs. Edward S. Ralston, chairman.

At the Annual Meeting of the two portunity. At one truck farm station Councils held in January, 1920, the the local community provided translarge number of migrant, seasonal portation for the children from dis- workers in the United States was tant farms. They are planning to do brought to the attention of the Coun- even more another year. It is evident cils and work among the farm and that, as the work goes on, such local cannery migrants was allocated to the aid will contribute increasingly to its women's boards. Accordingly a com; support.

mittee .was appointed representing The personnel of our workers has those boards and work was started been of high ordE'r, bringing to the that summer at four stations, financed people to whom they minister effi- by eight women's boards. The next cient service, and the example of year two more boards joined the co- consecrated Christian womanhood.

operating group. We have been most fortunate in The growth and increa."ing success again securing as our Supervisor, of our efforts to help the children of Mrs. DeWitt Wallace, who has di-

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

rected the work from the beginning, learned and can repeat many chapand to whose initiative, energy and efficiency much of its success has been ters and verses. The salute to the due. She has been assisted this year by eighteen young college women, Christian flag is given daily. mostly undergraduates, who have rendered splendid, self-sacrificing Several members of the Committee service. Two of these young women are recent graduates of Cornell Uni- visited the centers this year. All reversity, and expect to go as foreign missionaries. One of the girls who turned enthusiastic about the work served a year ago is now a missionary in a foreign field. done, and deeply impressed by thc At each station there have been vastness of its possibilities for Christhree of these trained workers, who have cared for an average of about tian Americanization. fifty children daily, for periods between six weeks and two and a half Greater efforts have been made to months. The program is similar at all the stations. One of the young bring the migrant work to the attenwomen cares for the babies and very little children in the day nursery. tion of the public. It was presented Lessons in domestic science for the older children are made immediately at a number of the Summer Schools. practical by teaching them to prepare the daily lunch, which is served of Missions last summer. The Stuto all the children. Instruction in hygiene is given by teaching personal dent Secretaries, those responsible for cleanliness and simple rules of health. Throughout the day there are inter- Young Women's Work and other despersed merry games and songs under the direction of a competent instruc- nominational secretaries have been tor in organized play. very helpful by placing its needs be- Patriotism is an important part of the day's curriculum. The children fore their constituencies. are taught to salute the flag and to sing our national songs; and stories The college girl who has shared in of our country's heroes are told and. something of our Nation's history. It this service is its best advocate when is beautiful to see these children of our foreign-born citizens, with faces she returns, to her college, and always aglow as they salute the flag, or recite the lines of some of our great poems. succeeds in arousing interest and win- There is surely growing in the hearts of these little new Americans a £er- ning volunteers. A special effort is yent love for this their country. being made to bring the work among' Best of all the day are the Bible lessons. The children are taught about farm and cannery migrants to the God, their Father, and Christ Jesus, and very simply and naturally they attention of college girls, not only aR learn to pray. They love to hear and tell the Bible stories. Many of them an opportunity for personal service. have remarkable memories and have but also as an object for their financial help and support. .

Many small contributions were re- ceived from the Women's Church and Missionary Federations and Day of Prayer for Missions observances but in view of the pressing need of funil~ we trust that at every interdenomina- tional gathering the Migrant Work will be presented as a Home Mission object worthy of interest and support.

The great need of these neglectril people at the canneries and truck farms is itself an appeal to us for ever-widening service. Our recog- nition of that need involves a con- sciousness o£ the command of ChriRt to give ourselves lovingly to such service. As we hear the call and obr~'

the command, shall we not have ah;o the consciousness of the sustaining grace and fellowship of Him, who bade His disciples "Go," and with the command coupled the promise, "Lo, I am with you all the days."

"Citizenship in America is not a matter of geography, it is a matter of conversion to an ideal. "-.Mary Antin. EDITED BY SARAH E. POLHEMUS, 25 MADISON AVE., NEW YORK EXecutlve Secretary of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Misslons At the annual meeting of the Fed- committees, each of these headed by a eration of Woman's Boards of For- specialist from one of the cooperating eign Missions of North America in- Boards.

teresting reports were given from all Miss Carrie Kerschner (Reformed U. 1:1.), its standing committees. The work the Department for Women's Work. of the Student Committee, and its Miss Alma Noble (Baptist), the Depart· merging into the Federated Student Committee, and its team visitation to ment for Yonng Women'. WDrk. Miss Ruth Seabury (Oongregational), the Department for (''hildren'. Work.

the colleges, has been described in the Mis. Emily Tillotson (Episeopal), the November number of the REVIEW. Department for Missionary l!Jducation. The Committee on Christian Literature for Women and Children on the Mrs. E. T. Johnson (Diseiples), the De- partment for Missionary Magazines.

Mrs. C. L. Fry (United Lutheran), the Mission Field told of its achievements Department for General Missionary in the January number. The cam- Literature, organization, promotion paign for the seven Women's Union and finance.

Christian Colleges, which, we trust, Mrs. W. A. Montgomery has been has come to a successful close, is fa- a valuable advisory member of the miliar to all. committee. Miss Kerschner, Miss The Day of Prayer program, first Noble, Miss Seabury and Mrs. Fry edition of 50,000, and" The Call" of have each been developing the ex- 70,000, has been exhausted, and an- change literature plan with the re- other edition will be issued. spective Secretaries of the various Twelve out of twenty Summer Boards representing these four de- Schools and Conferences affiliated partments of work. Miss Kerschner with the Federation have sent in re- reports that twenty-three Boards sig- ports of their 1922 conferences. The nified their intention of cooperating oldest, Northfield, reported a regis- in the literature exchange, ten actu- tration of 1,164, representing fourteen ally sent exchange packets. Miss denominations. Chautauqua stands Noble reports ten Boards cooperating first in numbers, 1,460 being enrolled. through their Young Women's Secre- Attendance and interest have steadily taries. Mrs. Fry had worked out a grown, and from the reports we have very good system of exchange packets judged that this year's conferences with twenty-four Boards, and three have been the most successful ever interdenominational agencies. Un- held. fortunately Mrs. Fry has been obliged Increased emphasis on the securing to resign from the committee.

of subscriptions to THE MISSIONARY Despite the fact that this is the REVIEW OF THE WORLD resulted in second year for this exchange of lit- about 400 subscriptions and renewals. erature, it is felt to be still in the There may have been more which experimental stage, for arter all only were not reported. Also 200 sub- a small number of Boards are co- scriptions to Everyland were re- operating, the method needs some ported. adjusting and the results should be The work of the Committee on more definite and to some degree Methods of Work, under the chair- tabulated.

manship of Mrs. E. H. Silverthorn, How much improvement of liter- has been largely carried this year, as ature, as to subject-matter and set up, last, through six departmental sub- how much exchange of editorial ma- 214 terial and leaflets for the sales de- responded and have set up the posters partments of the cooperating Boards in accordance witih the Committee's has resulted there is no way of know- instructions. The exhibit was on ing. display in connection with the annual meeting and it is hoped that careful Mrs. Johnson, it is reported with study may be given this literature regret, was also obliged to resign in display, especially by Departmental the early fall, so there is no report to Secretaries and Secretaries of Liter- ature. It is also earnestly hoped that make as to correspondence or cooper" as a result the display may prove sugative effect between editors of the gestive for future exchanges, improvevarious missionary magazines. ments, etc.

Mrs. Tillotson has sent out a ques- As a further return from the questionnaire to the Educational Depart- tionnaire there is unmistakable eviments of thirty-two cooperating dence that methods of work, in Wom- Boards and has received twenty-one en's Missionary Societies especially, are rather a hit-and-miss (largely replies. The questionnaire follows: miss) affairs, and depend not so much on the promotional departments of 1. (a) Has your Board any plans for the various Boards which seem to securing at summer conferences the have few standards but on the varying attendance of women who will fit them· ingenuity and efficiency, or ineffi- selv!l!I to be leaders of mission study ciency, of volunteer officers, state, dis- classes? trict, and local. (b) In partkular do you make deft· nite effort to "promote" membership Some effort was made last summer in the two·hour normal classes offered at summer schools and conferences to at same of the conferences' organize the material for the presen- tation of methods along the lines sug- 2. Does your Board plan training insti· gested in the questionnaire. Experi- tutes for leaders of missions study enced leaders for better and more classes in centers throughout your field 1 systematic method presentation are much needed for summer and winter 3. Do you conside.r that missionary edu· conferences. cationaJ work has made progress duro ing the past year f If so, please note A movement is on foot sponsored in what respect. If not, what in your by the Missionary Education Move- opinion is the cause' ment to make of their conference post- graduate schools with a three-year 4. Has the Church School of Missions cumulative course looking toward a been tried in your denominationf With diploma for the preparation of lead- what resulH ers for conference work, etc.

5. What do you consider the most en· As the time seems ripe for the couraging feature of your work during standardization of Summer Schools the past yead of Missions, it is recommended: 6. Is there anything which the Federation 1. That the Federation of Woman's can do to help your Board in carrying Boards of Foreign Mission and the out its missionary educational plansT Conncil of Women for Home Missions consider such a plan to set up a school As a result of the returns from the or conference lasting from ten days to questionnaire sent out in 1921 and three weeks and held annually, or to see printed in the annual report for 1922, that such courses are included in SOllie it was decided by the Executive Com- of the denominational or Union Bible mittee, upon the recommendation of or Training Schools. Since there is great need for better the Committee on Methods of Work, presentation of methods of work and to ask the cooperating Boards. to better training for lay leadership in assist in a limited literature exhibit all departments of missionary organ· at this annual meeting of the Feder- izations, we further recommend: ation, such an exhibit to include the study and promotional material for the study course on India, and also organization material for women's, young women's, young people's, and children's Missionary Societies, Guilds, Bands, etc., these exhibits to become the property of the Federa- tion for loan purposes. Many of the cooperating Boards have cordially

2. That the standards of summer and attendance at summer eonferences and winter schools of miBBions and confer- at winter institutes of those who, in enees be raised, looking toward the the judgment of the committee mem- definite training of lILY leadership. Two bers, are best adapted for the duty of grades of scbools are recommended, leadership-and that in particular an A ILnd B, the A schools to be recog- earnest effort be made by the com- nized as standardized for leader train- mittee to discover and to send to con- ing. ferences, either through the creation , of scholarships or other means, persons Since there is an advance in mis- who seem peculiarly fitted for the sion study in general, and in par- training offered in the two-hour normal ticular is there a growth reported in classes which are a feature of the the study class conducted according Missionary Education Movement and to the discussion method, this fact other conferences. makes more than ever important the problem of the training of leaders. The Committee reports further The Committee already recognizes the work: existence of this problem but perhaps has not been as yet sufficiently defi- 1. Lectures on methods of work, class' nite in its plans for meeting it. periods and demonstrations have been Therefore the following resolution is included in practically all the summer presented: school programs. Members of this committee have given many weeks to That all Women's Missionary Societies summer schools and have assisted pl·O- endeavor to promote attendance at gram committees in building programs summer conferences of those women who will be willing to fit themselves and in securing teachers and leaders. to be leaders of study classes and that 2. City and community institutes have in order to carry out this purpose more effectively, we suggest to such Ho- grown in number and popularity over cieties the appOintment of commit- those of last year, which was a banner tees whose duty it shall be to promote year for this type of work. 3. Increasing demand for normal study classes at Summer Hchools at Missions, in districts, city institntes and churches, and an encouraging growth in Church Schools of Missions.

OPPORTUNITY UNPRETENTIOUS, ALSO UNLIMITED (Concluded from page 210) It seems a grand and noble work to stand before groups of eager chil- Cyrus Hamlin read the two mis- dren and tell them stories. It is a sionary magazines which were always to be found on his mother's table. He humble and uninviting task to be a built their influence on his life into self-constituted circulation agent of a Robert College. One of the world's missionary magazine. Yet if every greatest missionary statesmen of to- one of us took upon our hearts the r~­ day makes it a constant rule to givt' sponsibility of giving and of getting subscriptions to Everyland to bright subscriptions to our one magazine of boys and girls. Dozens of copies are world friendship, Everylanil, we being sent in different directions to would have a sure and far-reaching boys and girls who are likely to play part in building true international an important part in future worldleadership. friendship into the hearts of the lead- ers that are to be.

FROM l1rANY

NORTH AMERICA great. leaders and have caught a new Anti-Prohibition Forces vision of world need. Reports from both Boards at the close of their fiscal OVER thirty "wet" organizations year show the value of this special have come into existence since effort. The receipts of the Home prohibition became the law of the Board were $5,316,285.97, or $139,- land, but the laI:gest and most aggres- 766.02 below those of 1921. Had not sive is the Association Against the the receipts of the "I WilllVIuintain" Prohibition Amendment, which announces its aims to be: Fund been brought in the treasurer's report indicated that the income "1. To get the Volstead Act out of the would have been $850,000 below that law and keep it out. of the previous year. The income of the Foreign Board had been "II. To oppose the passage of similay brought up to the level of the aptyrannical laws, and to endeavor to have the propriations. The dreaded cut had enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment (so long as it remains in force) left to the people of the seve.ral States under the eon· been avoided, and $600,000 had been cuuent clause. – paid on debt and interest, making more than $1,000,000 paid on these "III. To work patiently, lawfully, fairly, obligations in two years, although the and patriotically for the repeal of the Pro· hibition Amendment, and to preserve the Constitution of the United States from fur· total income is less than Oile half of ther mutilation by an organized fanatical the $10,500,000 which was asked and minority. expected from Centenary program and pledges. "IV. Pending the accomplishment of the above program, to favor and encourage In the mission fields the gains had obedience to the prohibition laws, as now effective.' , been unprecedented: 37,520 new Readers of its literature or those members and probationers, 59,016 who attend its meetings look in vain, baptisms, a total membership in the however, for any allusion to IV. The mission fields of 578,804. There are organization is devoting itself chiefly 18,377 native preachers and workers, to the effort to elect from every state a gain of 3,406, and the number of "wet" representatives to Congress, full members of Conference increased who will so modify the Volstead law 138. The Sunday-schools gained 541, as in effect to nullify the Constitution. with increased enrollment of 39,186. The number of Sunday-schools is 10,- 374 with 49] ,233 enrolled. Self-sup- "I Will Maintain" port shows large and steady progress.

MISSIONARY leaders, both home A Y. M. C. A. Revival Movement and foreign, in the Methodist Episcopal Church, have been stressing DR. JOHN R. MaTT and two assowhat has been called the "I Will ciates are conducting a continent- Maintain Campaign" in un effort to wide tour of visitations, in order to keep the Centenary pledges of the de- quicken and strengthen the religious nomination as near as possible to their life and work of the Young Men '8 original high level. It has not simply Christian Associations of the United resulted in the gathering of very con- Stat1es and Canada. Beginning with siderable amounts of money. The Montreal, November 28-29, the itinerlarge bodies of ministers and laymen ary as planned includes forty-five who came together listened to mis- meetings in thirty-five states, reaching to Vancouver and ending in St. Louis, sionary messages and appeals from April 5.

~l'i'

The program includes: First, a pipe-organ has been installed espeseries of state-wide or inter-state cially for this use. "retreats," which are confined to the leaders, both lay and secretarial, of The Congregationalist. all the Associations in the areas concerned–city, county, railroad, indus- Federal Council of Churches trial, student, army and navy, and colored Associations. THE annual meeting of the Fed- eral Council of the Churches of Second, a series of religious work Christ in America, at Indianapolis, institutes in typical communities Ind. (Dec. 13, 1922), was attended by across the continent. These continue two hundred representatives of thirty for. two days, and each visit includes denominations. An administration meetings with the entire employed committee meets in New York once a staff of the Association; with the most month. Dr. Robert E. Speer is presiinftuential laymen of all Protestant dent of the organization. denominations; with the Protestant clergymen on the most helpful rela- Much legislation passed the sessions tions which should exist between the of the Executive Committee at this Association and the churches; and a meeting. Foremost was the emphatic three-hour meeting of all the Chris- stand taken in favor of the cooperatian working forces on behalf of young tion of the United States in European men and boys in the community, affairs. One resolution urged the whether these forces are in connection churches to provide $60,000 to comwith the Association or not. plete the Union church at Balboa in the Canal Zone. The Volstead Act Third, the organizing in each state was vigorously defended. Remarkof deputations of laymen and secre- able success was reported in joint taries who will carry the message and evangelistic campaigns, conducted by the plans out to hundreds of com- local pastors and church members. In munities which it will be impossible Chicago there were 37,000 accessions for the touring party to visit. to the churches.

Services at Ellis Island New Federation Proposed I NCREASING efforts are be in g THE Federal Council of Churches made to minister to the religious of Christ in America does not acneeds of the strangers at our gates. cept for membership in the council Through the hearty cooperation of the those denominations which do not Commissioner of Immigration, Mr. subscribe to evangelical religious Robert Todd, provision has been made tenets, a ruling which leaves out Unifor religious services at Ellis Island versalists, Unitarians, and many in- dependent churches. There is now in on Sunday mornings. The Roman process of formation an American Catholics have Mass at 8: 15; Prot- Federation of Religion which would estant service is held at 9: 15 and at include the liberal Christian sects and 10: 15 a Hebrew rabbi conducts a the liberal Hebrews, as well as those service for Hebrew immigrants. In few community churches which are bringing this about a Committee for not on an evangelical basis. The fol- Religious Services, constituted of lowing are the avowed objects of the Roman Catholics, Protestants and new organization: "To make religion Hebrews, cooperated under a common effective in the life of the world; to conviction of the great need of giving serve as a clearing-house of informathe immigrants the comfort of reli- tion and inspiration; and to function gious worship. A large interdenomi- in forms of cooperative effort. To national committee has charge of the carry into effect these objects, it is Protestant services. Dr. Millard L. proposed to create departments of re- Robinson says: "We regard the reli- ligious education, social relations, gious services as a real success." A publication, personnel, community religion." The Christian Century.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

To Teaeh Protestant Children as five years are found working in PLANS to provide religious instruc- sugar beet, onion and cotton fields, on tion for every Protestant school child in New York Oity have been streets and in tenement home work. begun by the New York Federation of Ohurches, as reported by the daily Out of 1,000 children recently exampress. Church rooms will be used for a system of day schools, where volun- ined in Colorado beet fields, 700 were teer teachers will give religious instruction on weekdays after school found with deformities more or less hours. The several sectional leagues of the Federation of Churches are to serious. Of the children from ten to canvass their districts and make reports, and a speci~ ?ommi~tee will fifteen years working in the canneries enlist the help of mllllsters III establishing the church day schools. A of the Gulf Coast, one out of every permanent central board, with regulatory and other powers, is prob~ble. four is illiterate. One half of the The mapping of courses of study IS to be left where possible to individual f5i~0e00andchfiilfdtereenn between the ages of ministers or to denominational groups. doing factory work in District Superintendent of Schools Stephen F. Bayne, President of the their homes in Rhode Island could Protestant Teachers' Association, volunteered the services of such of its not earn as much as five cents an hour. 6,000 members, most of them public school teachers, as are fitted for re- Bndget ReadjustllleDt ligious teaching. The New York Sunday School Association and the THE Executive Commission of the Brooklyn Sunday School Association, Presbyterian General Assembly it was stated, are cooperating in the introduced a new plan of apportionmovement. ment at its meeting where it drafted Children Who Work the budget of 1923-24. Out of the $15,000,000 proposed for Presbyteri- THE Supreme Court having de- ans to give to their denominational clared unconstitutional both the benevolences during the approaching first and the second Federal laws di- fiscal year, there will be allotted to rected against child labor, though local congregations only such portion praising their purpose, a resolution has been introduced in the Senate to of the total as the boards need to keep meet the need for a Constitutional going work under headway now. The Amendment, giving Congress power remainder incorporated in the budget to pass a direct child labor law. How for new' developments which the great is the evil which enlightened boards have resolved to attempt and public sentiment in the United States which the commission has wholeheartis thus demanding shall in some way edly indorsed, will be left for the be brought to an end, the following various agencies to raise by appeals statistics show: One out of fwery direct to individual givers. Staple twelve children between the ages of funds for staple work will thus come ten and fifteen years in the United in week by week through envelope of- States, is gainfully employed, accord- ferings in the churches-advance ing to the census of 1920. No one knows how many child laborers there funds for advance work will come are under ten because no official count from privately solicited donations. has been made. Hundreds as young Thus the enterprises of Presbyterians will get at one and the same time the advantage of habitual benevolence and of stirred-up generosity-steady support for steady service, exceptional provision for exceptional needs. And inasmuch as the boards have bound themselves to work together in these individual solicitations, this can be now accomplished without revival of former confusions.

Negro Ministers as Students TUSKEGEE Institute has promoted the holding of schools and confer- ences among the scattered families of

Alabama and Georgia, where groups that Americans both north and south of people from a radius of ten miles use their influence to bring about could gather to learn to do practical a clearer understanding of Latin pieces of work in which everybody Ameriea. He suggests that church should be concerned. This idea has people do what they did for the disbeen taken by the Board of Home armament conference-arouse public Missions and Church Extension of opinion by means of letters and telethe Methodist, Episcopal Church in grams to government officials, the orcooperation with Gammon Theological ganization of societies for promoting Seminary, which has held a summer Latin-American friendship, and by school for 110 Negro ministers conducting campaigns of education, brought together from the small both in clubs and by individual contowns and country districts of North versation, on Latin America. Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, Mis- The Deealogue a Novelty sissippi and Virginia. Through these ministers thousands of the rural popu- MRS. E. R. HILDRETH, who has lation in these eight states will be spent fourteen years in Porto reached and taught better methods for Rico, gained permission last year to their daily living. Classes have been give Bible story talks in the public held in orcharding, in the preserva- schools. In connection with this plan, tion of eggs, in nursing, and in farm she realized what great good could be mechanics, which really means how to accomplished by familiarizing thl" build a henhouse and a shanty. The scholars with the Ten Commandments. students have learned how to spray The commissioner of education being fruit trees and how and why to "swat in sympathy with her idea, Mrs. Hilthe fly." Teaching in the formal man- dreth wrote to thc Roman Catholic ner has been supplemented by the Bishop, who replied: "I see no reason actual doing of various things by each for opposing this project either from member of the class. my personal viewpoint or from the viewpoint of the Catholic Church in Home Missions Cauncil Letter. this island." On the strength of this letter Mrs. Hildreth obtained and dis- LATIN AMERICA tributed two thousand copies of the Ten Commandments. Those in Eng- Pan-American Conference lish, intended for the higher grades. were printed on fine linen paper; SAMUEL GUY INMAN, of the those in Spanish, intended for the Committee on Cooperation in rural schools, were printed on a good Latin America, speaks of the meeting heavy paper. Not long afterwards, of .the fifth Pan-American Conference one of the leading educational men of in Santiago, Chile, this spring as "the Porto Rico said, as if the Ten Comgreatest single event in the history of mandments were new to him, "This is American relations. " Many observant a great moral code 1" students of current world conditions are carefully watching the growth of Record of Christian Work. the new spirit which recently seems evident between the United States and To Protect U. S. Navy Boys South America. After a brief period in which it seemed that the two con- THE Union Church in Panama sent tinents might come closer together recently to the Committee on Realong lint!s of amity and agreement, ligious Work in the Canal Zone, which a certain spirit of distrust is marked. has its headquarters in New York, the and Mr. Inman prophesies that the following cablegram: coming conference "can easily make or break the inter-American friend- "Combined fleet arrives Canal Zone ship now S(l delicately poised." In Feb. 20 for two months. Can $2,000 preparation for it Mr. Inman suggests be secured from the churches in the

If)23] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

States to serve the boys of the fleet of Leon, Nicaragua, heard that one of while here? The devil has unlimited their humble brotherhood was returnmeans. " The Union Church on the ing to his old home as a minister of Canal Zone is composed of members from all denominations and is entirely the evangelical religion, they hired a self-supporting. But there are no extra funds to put to such a use for band and went to the railway station the sailors, and so it is necessary to to receive him. He was conducted in make a direct appeal for this emer- honor to his stopping place, and that gency fund with which to provide night the whole Guild attended the honest and clean entertainment for Baptist church to hear him preach. the thousands of United States sailors The little hall was too small to acwhile they are in Panama. commodate the crowd that came to honor him. From Leon he and his bride went on to Managua, where he Progreso in San Domingo is to be pastor of the largest Baptist church in Nicaragua. READERS of the Rev·iew will re- member that less than two years Relief Work in Chile ago the Protestant missionary work in San Domingo was developed as an THOUGH the disastrous earthunion enterprise by the Committee on quake in Chile occurred in Novem- Cooperation in Latin America. Dr. ber last, all the reports of the damage Nathan H. Huffman was appointed wrought have not yet come in. Rev. superintendent. The work is being J. P. Van Eaton, of the Presbyterian increasingly appreciated by the peo- Board, writes from Valparaiso that ple. The founding of the evangelical the town of Valenar, where there is a hospital has made possible a valuable Presbyterian congregation, suffered medical ministry. Evangelistic serv- severely. The tidal wave which came ices have been held at four points in in wreaked more damage in Vallenar the republic. The next step will be than the preceding earthquake, and at the inauguration of educational work least seven of the Vall-enar congregawhich is much needed. It is particu- tion were killed. None of the workers larly in the countries nominally were injured, but the checking up of Roman Catholic that it is important the little congregation had not been for Protestantism to present a united completed at last reports, and the front. In many countries of South death list may prove to be longer than America, a single denomination has it is now thought to be. The emer- access to the field, which is of course gency was so great there that two better than competition and duplica- Presbyterian missionaries were taken tion. But the San Domingo plan goes from other points to help in the work the whole road in cooperation. of relief and reconstruction. Mr. Van A Nicaraguan Preacher Eaton says that the opportunity for Protestantism is wonderful, for the F IVE years ago, in the beginning government, ignoring the Catholic of the Baptist Mission in Nicara- Church, asked the Y. l[. C. A. to take gua, Arturo Parajon was working as charge of a large part of the distribua shoemaker in Leon, and devoting tion of food, clothing and other suphis free time to helping the mission- plies. The church buildings in Taltal aries. Arrangements were made for (the field .in which Vallenar is lohim to go to Mexico to study for the cated) were not destroyed by the ministry, and after he had completed quake, though they are badly dama three-year course and married a aged. At Copiapo, where all the Mexican Christian young woman, he church members escaped, the church returned to his native land, the first fully trained pastor of the Baptist was damaged, though not beyond re- mission. When the Shoemakers' Guild pair.

EUROPE to October, 1922, furnished and dis- tributed 16,000,000 student meals, one British Labor and Religion half of which came from American sources. The distribution of clothing F ROM a trustworthy source comes amounted to 130,000 garments, and the following striking letter; books to the number of 21,700 had "Religion is certainly a.stronger in- been sent to student groups. fluence in the new Parliament than it was in the last. Of the seventy-three A prominent American banker says }<'ree Churchmen in the present House of this effort: "I am convinced that of Commons thirty-two belong to the the European Student Relief is one Labor Party, forty-two to the Inde- of the very few brotherhood agencies pendent (Asquith) Liberals, and exerting a curative influence in the eighteen to the National (Lloyd present European chaos." George) Liberals. The four outstanding leaders of the Labor Party- An editor describes it as "a move- Ramsay, MacDonald, J. R. Clynes, ment to save the brain power of Eu- Philip Snowden, and Arthur Hender- rope. If this brain power should be son (who is temporarily out of Par- lost-if a generation should appear liament)-are all men of religious having little or no intellectual trainspirit, as are many of the rank arid ing-then the world would suffer even file of the party. Immediately after more than by physical devastation." their election the twenty Scottish Labor M. Ps. took part in a dedication One of the finest features of this service in the St. Andrew's and City enterprise is the emphasis it places Halls; Glasgow, attended by 8,000 upon self-help. people. They solemnly dedicated themselves to the reconciliation and Unity of French Protestants unity of the nations of the world and the development of the happiness of F OR the Protestant Churches in the people of these islands. Abjuring France, as elsewhere, the period vanity and self-aggrandisement and after the war has been no less testing regarding themselves as the honored than the war years themselves. The servants of the people, their mission Protestants in France number only being to promote the welfare of their about one sixtieth of the total populafellow-citizens and the wellbeing of tion, yet during the war their prestige mankind, they sent to all peoples a and importance ha¥e increased altomessage of goodwill, reconciliation, gether out of proportion to their numand friendship. The service was a bers. And instead of relaxing the unique, impressive, and truly reli- efforts made during the war, the gious one. Labor's only daily news- French Churches are consolidating paper in Britain, the Herald, said in their position. In France, with the the course of a recent editorial, 'If exception of Alsace-Lorraine, where everyone of our legislators keeps both Protestant and Roman Catholic steadily before his eyes the figure of Churches remain State Churches, the the Mail of Sorrows, then Almighty Protestants have had to fight for their God will bless their deliberations.' " existence against bitter and unscrupu- lous enemies, both Catholic and free A Great Student Ministry thinking. They have not merely sur- vived; they have made progress, and THE International Student Friend- they have formed a Federation. ship Fund of the World's Student Christian Federation, through which During the recent biennial "Protsince August, 1920, undergraduates in estant Week" in Paris, representaforty-one countries have sent aid to tives from all the various federated fellow-students in distress in the dis- Protestant Churches in France were turbed portions of Central Europe, present. And there has also met at Russia, and the Near East, had, up Strasbourg a Conference of "Social Christianity," where the three prin- cipal movements for social study and

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

action were federated into a new as- India exclusion was for a period of sociation. five years and this period has not yet Where Holland Leads expired. Independently of this gen- eral legislation affecting all former F OR several years four Dutch mis- enemy aliens, whether missionaries or sionary societies have cooperated not, the admission of all alien missionin maintaining joint headquarters lo- aries to the British Empire is now cated at Oegstgeest near Leiden. governed by the new policy of the While the separate organization of the Government which has been in opersocieties has been continued, each with ation in India for two or three years its own treasury and its own missions and is now being appllied to the colon the field, they have combined in a onies and protectorates. Under these joint directorate and with common regulations no restrictions are placed officers. They have united also in on "recognized" societies, recommendsupporting a union institution for the ed by the Conference of Missionary training of missionaries. These four Societies in Great Britain and Ireland soc;ieties are the Nederlandsch Zend- and the Foreign Missions Conference ings Genootschap, Utrechtsche Zend- .of North America. The Government ings Vereeniging, Sangi and Talaud of India has recently agreed to in- Committee, and the Netherlands clude certain Swedish, Danish and branch of the Rhenish Society. Re- Swiss societies in the "recognized" cently they have been joined by a fifth list on the recommendation of the large society, the Nederlandsch Zend- British Conference. Missionaries who ings Vereeniging. This action is a do not belong to ' , recognized sorecognition of the need for closer co- cieties" are required to give a peroperation, because of the awakening of sonal undertakJing of loyalty and to the peoples of Netherlands India. and obtain an individual permit. also because the education of Christian Another obstacle, however, as seri- Churches in Holland with reference to ous for the resumption of work by the their missionary task is beyond the Germans as political restrictions, has ability of independent organizations. arisen in the condition of German Missionary zeal must be something . exchange. With the mark at its presmore than love for partiCUlar societies. ent value it is practically impossible In September 1922, the missionary financially for German missionary sosocieties held their second missionary cieties to send out missionaries or to conference with leaders of the Labor maintain work abroad. Party in Holland. Three days were given to this conference which was Fascisti and Protestants D held on the conference grounds at R. W. H. MORSE writes in The Ch.ristiarn Statesmarn: "Quite IJunteren. The purpose of these conferences is to make the labor leaders naturally the question arises as to the better acquainted with missionary effect that the Fascisti movement will work, and naturally the effect of mis- have upon Protestant work in Italy. sions in the improvement of social and To those who are acquainted Wlith the industrial conditions is emphasized. movement there is little that is dis- tinctly problematical about it. The Status of German Missions Fascisti represent the fervid national F OLLOWING the war all Germans spirit of the Italians, the spirit that is were excluded from the British strong and firm against anything that Empire, excepting as noted below, by would seem to belittle their country ordinances passed in different parts in the eyes of the world. If, there- of the Empire for varying periods. In fore, Protestant work appears to them most of the colonies, including the as of such a character, their prejudice Gold Coast, Nigeria and Hongkong, against it will be intense. If they this legislation has now lapsed. In consider that it will be of advantage,

Tl{F. 1vrTSSTOXARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD

or at least, 110t of disadvantage, they changed. We no longer hear of will either energize it or will leave it heathen gods, for the saints take their alone. A recrudescence of intolerance place. But the character and the cirhas marked the Romanist reaction. cumstances are practically what they In this attitude the Fascisti are not were in pagan days, and the unlettered concerned, although they have shown worshipers have changed little the ill feeling toward some of the Bible spirit of their pagan forbears." colporteurs due to the mistaken notion that they are Socialists. They Russia and the Y. M. C. A. also associate the Bible with England, and one of the planks in their platform THE work of Dr. John S. Zelie in adopted at their congress last year Russia as representative of the was-'Liberation from every form of Federal Council of Churches was desubjection to the plutocratic nations scribed by him in a paragraph in the of the West.' Evidently it is their January REVIEW. He makes this furopinion that the circulation of the ther interesting comment: " The Bible is a form of subjection." Young Men's Christian Association, which is not a church at all, has been Waldensians in Sicily able by that very fact to touch the whole situation of Christianity in Rus- K ENNETH MILLER is quoted in sia with more liberty than any other Christian Work as follows: "The organization. To it we owe very much, Waldensian Church is holding its own perhaps most of the familiarity we despite the financial difficulties re- have today with the Russian Church sulting from a too naive dependence and sympathy with its distress. upon considerable financial support Strangely enough also its represenfrom our Interchurch World Move- tatives, themselves not ecclesiastical, ment….. At present the Waldensians have been moved by that warmth and are focusing their attention to a large depth and beauty which are in that measure upon the missionary work in Church. Discounting much that is Sicily, where the response from a repellant in that Church, overcoming solidly ROlJ1an Catholio population is much in their own training which most encouraging. It was interesting would render them naturally unsymto learn that from a number of places pathetic with it, they have yet been requests bave come to them to open a the ones to make us feel its richness, Protestant work at the instance of re- its spiritual gifts and its fascination. turned immigrants to America who The Young Men's Christian Associahad come in contact with our Italian tion leaders have come in touch with work there and been converted. Thus its prelates and at times with its the seed sown in the New World bears great assemblies. Their counsel has fruit in the Old." been sought by Russian leaders in that great problem of what they should do Some conception of Sicily as a mis- to reform their Church." sion field may be gained from the following, quoted from "The Spell of Russian Sacrilege Sicily" by W. S. Monroe: "The Roman Catholic religion is nominally AT the Christmas· season the antithe established religion of Sicily, as it religious campaign in Russia took is the dominant religion…. The piety the form of sacrilegious public demonof the lower classes, however, has de- strations. Church services were not generated into a superstition that ap- interfered with but the newspapers proximates the paganism which once featured anti-religious pictures and was the dominant religion of the is- articles. The Workingmen's Gazette land. Many of the religious anniver- illustrated the Young Communists saries suggest to the traveler forms of and the Red Army attacking the walls paganism from which they may have of "heaven, " which were defended by originated. The names have been Abraham, Mohammed and Jesus.

123] XEWS FROM MA::-"J7 LANDS

There were street parades and bon- has crossed the Sahara Desert from fires of effigies of saints and other Algeria, on the North Coast of Africa, religious personages. Lectures and to French West Africa, making the satirical plays were given in public 2,OOO-mile trip from Tugurt to Tim- halls and pamphlets attacking religion buctoo in twenty-one days. Camel of all sorts were scattered broadcast. caravans require a minimum of three In the provinces, according to special months to make the journey. These dispatches in the Chicago Tribune, the were the first automobiles to crOSB the anti-religion demonstration by the great desert. The tractor expedition young people took on an extreme form. was organized by M. Citroen, a The government held aloof and neu- French automobile manufacturer, tral. The League of Communist from the standpoint of scientific ex- Youth which promoted" anti-religion ploration and as an experiment in au- week" at Christmastide proposes to tomobiling. The expedition was con- repeat the demonstration on the Re- ducted by four men; one of them brew holidays, and at Easter. It is represented the French Government.

said that the effect upon the peasants has been extraordinary. They are A Library ill a lIandkerchieE '.i superstitious and had believed that REV. C. E. WILSON, of the Engsuch sacrilege would bring down pun- lish Baptist Missionary Society, and Canon Rowling, of the C. M. S. ishment in the form of fire. Uganda Mission, have undertaken a Christievn Advocate.

AFRICA survey of the Christian literature available in the various languages of The Y. M. C. A. ill Cairo Africa. Their preliminary labors re- I N 1909 American and British veal the fact that in many African young men in Cairo came together missions a native teacher might easily and formed a Young Men's Christian tie up the whole library in his pocket Association. The Arabic Branch was handkerchief, and it L"l not exceptional organized in 1910, and has continued for a candidate for baptism to have to provide a meeting place, games read everything that has ever been rooms, lectures and socials. Plans printed in his language. "Pilgrim's were under way for extending the Progress" is almost the only volume Association when interrupted by the of religious literature for the infant war. Property has now been pur- church. Record of Christian Work.

chased by the International Commit- tee, and placed at the disposal of the Productive Industrial Work T Cairo Board of Directors for the use HE Frank JamesIndustrialSchool, in Elat Station of the Presbyterian of the young men of the city. The necessary alterations will be made in Board in Cameroun, has very largely the buildings to provide a first-class paid its own way. and enlarged the Association center. work from the sale of its products.

Current expenses will be met locally It includes a carpenter shop, a tailor in Cairo, with the exception of the class and a rattan chair class. There support of four secretaries supported is also a shoemaking class, a hat class, by the Young Men's Christian Asso- blacksmith and machine shop. Chairs ciations of North America. The Gen- are made from a vine growing wild in eral Secretary for Cairo is Mr. Wil- the forest. Our boys have set np bert B. Smith. small plants for themselves in their villages, teaching other boys until the Automobiles ill the Sahara chair industry has spread well over ACCORDING to an Associated the Cameroun and the chairs are Press despatch from Paris, a new known up and down the coast of kind of caravan, composed of five lit- Africa as the" Cameroun chairs." A tle French caterpillar automobiles, French firm in Douala sends them to

Dakar and France. The class working true knowledge about marriage, that it is an oath before God.'" in ebony and ivory is very popular The Note Book. with the French Government. It is Proved His Conversion impossible to supply the demand for A STORY from Assiut Hospital ivory beads. . proves the genuineness of the conversion of one of the hospital pa- Widowhood Among the Bushmen tients. Garas, a careless, godless Copt, was admitted in apparently a. I T is the practice of the Bushmen dying condition, and left the hospital in South Africa if a man dies his some weeks later, a new creature in brother inherits his bow and the wife Christ Jesus. Then came the test. He and ehildren. If there is no brother was a di~tiller of arraky, a strong aland if the relatives do not want the coholic drink made from dates. He widow to live with the tribe, a man is decided that after he had sold his sent to engage her in conversation present stock he would manufacture :and he shoots an arrow into her heart. no more. He had about three hun- The poor woman, though she knows dred dollars' worth and it was sugthe man's errand, does not try to gested to him that it would be more .escape. If she has a little child, that honoring to God to do away with that is buried with the mother. The older and trust God to supply his needs. children are parceled out among the He was poor. The battle waged for tribe. days in his heart but at last Christ triumphed. Garas decided to pour Xing Khama's Testimony out what stock he had. From his house a sman river flowed down the K ING KHAMA, chief of the Ba- street, a witness to all that Garas, the magwato, and over ninety years maker of arraky, was now a Godof age, made a notable speech re- fearing man. The God Whom he cently, . on achieving his jubilee as obeyed did not forsake him. Friends chief, in which he said: came forward at once to help, and now he has found a situation suited "I have not many words to say, but to his measure of health. I have a word of joy and thanksgiving. First to the King, because Blessed Be Egypt. of his goodness to me and my people. . . . . I speak my joy for the kind MOSLEM LANDS words of the High Commissioner, and thank God for the missionaries, and A Disturbing Outlook what they have done for us; for we are just a people without understand- REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D., ing. They brought us the light, and writing in the Presbyterian Magtaught us to pray for light. Even azine for January, said: "The conthough we may have failed, what we dition in the Near East grows more are doing today shows we have some ominous with each passing day. . . . hold on what they have taught us, Word has been received that the An- :and we believe that with their help gora Government has given permiswe shall do better. They know the sion which is practically equivalent way, and they show us the road. . . . to an order, for all Christians to leave I am an old man, and I pray that the the interior, and the reports which young may find salvation, for other- come indicate that mUltitudes who wise they are lost. To the young men come under this order are fleeing to- I say, 'Let those words enter your wards the coast aild pleading to the hearts. The work that has been done Allied Governments to remove them here is the work of God. Depart from from danger. The relation of these disputes; think like men; seek to orders to the work of the Presbyterian know the road; let your hearts de- Board can be recognized when we repart from dri.nk and from the initiation ceremonies; get to know the

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

member that our work has now ex- the Armenian priests, the governor tended to Aleppo, to Mardin, and to explained that only those who wished Mosul, and that already the Turks needed to go, but added that all who are demanding entrance into the lat- remained ran the risk of deportation, ter place. There is also a very defi- in case of further war.

nite rumOr that the French may By December 10th, only about 120 withdraw from Syria and that the Armenians remained in Aintab. On 'furks are demanding a new demarca- the streets none but Turks and Kurds tion of the northern Syria field which were to be seen, and the Kurds were beginning to fear lest they also might will restore part of that district to be exiled. Priests, Protestant pastor, their control. There are some who college and seminary teachers, hosfeel that this is but the beginning of pital chaplain, Armenian physicians, the demand which will include all of Christian workers of the city, all have Syria and even Palestine."

Outlook in Constantinople gone. The Armenian schools were closed by government order.

A N estimate of the situation in Con- Dr. Shepard and Mr. Isely early stantinople is given in the follow- told the Aintab governor that the ing letter: Americans could not continue their , ,You ask about the situation here medical and other work, if their and the outlook for missionary work. trained helpers went away. Ulti- It is difficult for us living in the mately, with the approval, apparently, midst of things here to get a clear of a majority of the local Nationalist .conception of what is going on. The leaders, permission was given for such outstanding fact is the success of workers and their families (eighty in- the Turks in getting rid of the Chris- dividuals) to remain, and safety was tian population of Anatolia by de- promised them. Dispenser and nurses portation, expulsion and massacre. are included. All are housed on the Ever since 1915, a definite policy of hospital, orphanage and seminary extermination has been followed, and compounds.

the remnants such as they were, are now being forced to leave the country Good News From Syria T for some unknown destination. Then HIS encouraging report from Rev. .James H. Nicol, secretary of the on the other hand, the Nationalist movement having succeeded in driv- Syria Mission of the Presbyterian ing out the Greeks, has had the effect Church, is quoted in the Record of of making the Turks think very Christian Work: "We have just been highly of themselves and of their put to work in one of the most bigoted power. Just at present their temper is arrogant and really hostile towards districts of Syria. A colporteur, who all foreigners and non-Moslems. These happens to be a converted Moslem, two facts make the present outlook travels all through the villages of the district, selling Bibles and other literfrom the human point of view very ature. He finds in every place that dark, but we do not think that the end he goes those who desire to possess has come yet. It is too early to judge copies of Scripture, and who are willof the results which are going to ing to pay for them. With the' Bible, emerge finally from the present as with other things, we find that it is chaos. " more likely to be valued if a person pays something for it than if it is Latest Aintab New" given freely. Another striking fact EARLY in November, 1922, the is new in our work in Syria, that the Turkish Nationalist government proportion of Mohammedans in our announced that all non-Moslems de- schools is rapidly rising. I suppose siring to leave Turkey might do so that we have thirty-five or forty per freely for one month. On inquiry by cent. of non-Christians. You will

readily understand the great influence Relief, which they may take with that will go out into the Moslem com- them. A letter was received from munities when these children have Rev. Hugo Muller, dated November been trained for several years in the 5th, stating that as far as the Tabriz missionary schools. " Mission knew, the refugees who were returning to Urumia, had not been Two Moslem Attitudes interfered .with and would already have arrived by the time his letter AWRITER in the English publica- reached New York. Mr. Muller also tion, "The Fellowship of Faith reported that Kasha Babilla, the for the Moslems," says: "Under- Urumia evangelist, a graduate of Lane neath the surface in all Moslem lands Theological Seminary (U.S.A.) had there are latent forces of bitter en- left the week previous for his old mity to Christianity. When the Turks station ill Urumia, and that he was took Smyrna the Moslems of Alexan- probably preaching his first sermon dria paraded the streets with a broken there on the very day that Mr. Muller crucifix, as an insult to the Christian was writing." population and a token that they believed the Crescent had once more INDIA triumphed over the Cross." Some leading Sheikhs in Cairo are protest- Anglo-India.n Christianity ing against the clause inserted in the Constitution of Egypt which granted WHILE the organ of the Brahmofreedom of conscience in religious Somaj movement quotes with apmatters. We need to guard that proval the following paragraph from clause by prayer. a Bengali paper, the Dnyanodaya, that staunch representative of Chris- Yet another side of the picture is tianity, points out that the journal given by Mr. Douglas D. Porter, of from which the quotation is made is Bilbeis, on the next page: "The extremist in its politics: "We have all scene is in a third class railway car· along regretted the fact that our Britriage in Egypt. .An Englishman and ish rulers have brought to us so little his Egyptian helper have just walked of Jesus Christ and so much of the through the train distributing 'por· world, the flesh and the Devil, against tionettes.' This particular portion. which their Master waged eternal war. ette is a four-page leaflet containing If only the British rulers of India a collection of Scripture passages could be led back to God, if they could dealing with the subject of the Atone· realize, however imperfectly it may ment-an explanation in the very be, the character, the will and the love Word of God of salvation from sin of God as revealed in J esns Christ, through faith in Christ crucified. their yoke would have been infinitely (Issued by the Nile Mission Press). lighter and our burden infinitely easier Standing at the top of one of the long to bear. And any attempt that may open coaches is to be seen man after be made to help our Anglo-Indian man interestedly turning over the friends to seek God and find Him in pages of the printed message." Christ must therefore command our sincerest sympathy and good will." Refugees Return to Urumia Peril of the Indian Church ALL the news from the Near East is not disheartening. Witness ~~THE menace to the Indian Church the following from West Persia: "On today," writes Miss M. Bailey, October 29, 1922, the Governor of r:rabriz gave permission to the Assyr· of Nasik, India, in the Church Misian people-refugee&-to go back to sionary Outlook, "lies not outside in Urumia, reclaim their property, and heathenism, but inside in the unshepplant their fields. Oxen have been herded, untaught, illiterate masses of given the people by the Near East so-called Christians. Blame us, the missionaries, if you will, for baptiz-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ing people too recklessly and quickly. (a) No one shall be compelled to at- We own that we have made mistakes. tend any religious instruction or ob- But do not blame us without seeking servance, as a condition of his admisto help us to remedy this state of sion into, or continuance in, an aided affairs. Personally I do not believe educational institution, if he, or his that the remedy at this stage lies in parent or guardian if he is a minor, an increased number of foreign mis- objects to it and informs the authorsionaTies. It lies with the Indian ities of the institution of his objection Church, and with those who have the in writing. (b) The time or times guiding and leading of the Church during which any religious observance just now. That is why we mission- is practiced, or instruction in religious aries feel the burden of responsibility subjects is given at any meeting of so great in our Christian educational an aided educational institution, shall institutions, and why we ask you to be in the beginning or at the end, or help us by your prayers that our at the beginning and end of such meet- Christian boys and girls may be truly ing. In order that aided institutions converted and won for God." where religious instruction is im- parted·may have time to adjust them- Turning Point in India selves to the new conditions, full grants will be given to them up to ELEVEN men and thirteen women March 31, 1924. are immediately needed by the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- A Burmese Worker sions for its work in India. In addition to the nationalistic movement led REV. D. PO SA, senior Burmese by Gandhi, the Hindu elements of the clergyman in the diocese of Ranpopulation have added fuel to the fire goon, is in charge of the mission by endorsing the Mohammedan's de- motor boat, which he steers himself, mands for the return of Moslem and in which he travels about three shrines in Turkey and Arabia. Vari- hundred miles every month in his ous political and social forces are huge parish in the delta of the Irratherefore running in strong counter waddy. He writes of a recent tour: currents, and the situation is full of "I first visited Thuza village, and, exceeding sensitiveness and delicacy. although it is a non-Christian village, A carelessly spoken word or a thought- I found a great number of children Iess act might be the spark which in the newly opened school who, owing would light the fire of a coniiagration. to the instruction they have received At the same time there are other ele- in the Christian religion, could sing ments in India which if properly hymns well and knew the prayers. watched and fostered might mean the On Sunday the villagers, although not rapid acceptance on the part of many Christian, filled the church. The headconverts of Christian teachings. man and his family and relations are These conditions make the present preparing for baptism. They said time "a turning point in India." that if we would have a service there at Christmas they would provide hos- Presbyterian Board Bulletin. pitality for as many people as gath- ered there. The happy and rapid Another "CoDscience Clause" progress in this village is due to the work of the teacher, Po Kun." THE January Review told of the adoption by the Bombay Legisla- A Demon Cast Out tive Council of a "conscience clause" applying to the educational institu- REV. HENRY J. SCUDDER, of tions in that Presidency. Similar the Arcot Mission in South I.ndia, action is reported now as having been writes in the Bible Society Record of taken by another of the administrative a young luan who had bitterly opdivisions of India, the United Prov- posed some of the outcaste villagers inces. The clause reads as follows:

who had been baptized. One day he morning found us at the native church became, as the people say, possessed where the congregation was largely by a demon, the symptoms resembling composed of young people. The men closely the New Testament descrip- sat on one side of the center aisle, the tions of demon possession. The na- women on the other. All wore sarongs tive pastor whom he attacked sent for of many different colors, whilst the a Bible, and when it arrived, he men were literally crowned with turordered the young man to listen to bans of many varied hues. Time the words recorded in the fifth chap- counts but little with these folks, and ter of Mark. As he read, he prayed many of them come and sit in the quiet earnestly that by the power of the, for an hour, or more, before service Word the demon would be cast out of commences. A Javanese reader offithe young man before him. With ciated, his manner was serious and solemnity he read the words of the simple, his voice soft and pleasant. Master, "Come forth, thou unclean There was very little singing. Misspirit, out of the man." When he sionary enterprise in Solo was inhad fini~hed reading the passage, he augurated by Dr. Van Andel, and a said, "Such is the power of my High few others, ten years ago. Now there Priest, Jesus Christ, the Son of God and the Saviour of the world. What are under its care about 600 native have you to say now ¥" Upon this, Christians, including children. There to the astonishment of everyone, the are 1,000 children in the schools condemon-possessed young man lifted his ducted in the Javanese tongue, and hands over his head, clapped them more in schools taught in the Dutch together three times, and fell down in language. A splendid, modern hosa swoon, and the demon was gone! pital has 230 beds."

His relatives lifted him up to a sitting The Chiengmai Press posture, and he opened his eyes; his tenseness was all gone, and he was his MRS. D. G. COLLINS, of the natural self. American Presbyterian Mission in Chiengmai, Siam, writes: "Our Indian Student Volunteers mission publications go all over Siam, from the farthest station south to the T HE death of several prominent one in southern China. The work native leaders in India, and the consists of all kinds of printing done shortage of younge;r men in view of in English, Lao and Siamese, and the increasing part that native leaders many odd jobs which never would be will play in the Indian church in the considered presswork elsewhere come future, has led missionaries to con- here to be done. We have made this sider if a Christian Volunteer Move- year 113,649 books, in size from the ment is not desirable on the same lines small pamphlet of a few pages to very as the Student Volunteer Movement, even though it does not have so much large books of 500 pages. Besides these machinery or so definite a pledge. It there is an increasing number of is believed that more emphasis on the spirit of self-sacrifice and service in books brought in to be rebound, which the Christian schools would influence points to the fact that more people. are interested than formerly. The S~am­ ese Outlook, our quarterly magazine, many to give their lives to Christian promises to give much useful informawork. Record of Christian Work. .tion about Siam."

SIAM AND MALAYSIA CHINA "THE A Dutch Church in Java Britain's Boxer Indemnities work of the (Free) Dutch churches at Solo," writes a re- GREAT BRITAIN has informed cent visitor to Java, "is typical of that the Chiuese government that in other parts of the island. Sabbath henceforth the Boxer indemnity pay- ments will be devoted to "expendi-

923] ~EWS FROM lfAXY LAXDS

ture on purposes mutually beneficial the public service. Few of us who to both countries." It will be remem- send letters to far-away missionaries bered that the American government in China think of what is involved in returned the indemnity paid after the getting that mail to its destination. Boxer uprising, and that Tsing Hua Of the various means of transport this College at Peking, from which an- article says: nually about one hundred students are sent to the United States, is "There are the mail trains to begin largely supported by indemnity funds. with, then there are the Shanghai The British government has made it motor lorries and a company of clear to the Chinese government that cyclists, there are mail steamers and the payment of funds is not to be launches and there are aeroplanes. remitted. China still owes Great After that we come to the really Britain approximately $50,000,000, romantic-camels, post-junks, the which, according to present treaty Yangtse rapids, a picturesque courier terms, must be paid within twenty- with mails slung on either end of a three years. The London Times, in bamboo yoke and a jolting Peking commenting on the concession, says, cart with a pair of ponies. In Anhwei "The sum involved is substantial, and they are so primitive that the courier it is a remarkable· act of grace on the crosses rivers in what is no more than part of the British government, whose an enlarged edition of the homely financial obligations are so onerous, washtub. Shensi receives its heavy to make this sacrifice at the present mails by a litter slung between two time. " ponies or by bullock cart, but Honan, slow but fairly sure, gives a preference Gift of Chinese Business Ma.n to the ubiquitous wheelbarrow."

REV. S. R. ANDERSON, of Soo- China's MiUions. chow, China, reports in The Missionary Voice: "At Wusih the man- His Father's God ager of one of the silk filatures has turned over two rows of two-story RE V. C. N. LOCK, a missionary of houses to tJ'le Church and is giving an the China Inland Mission in annual contribution of $500 for work Yencheng, Honan, sends this interamong his women employes. The esting story: "A man who was bap- Church has a free hand; and if it tized this year and who is now marsucceeds he says he is ready to in- ried to the daughter of one of our crease his gifts. A kindergarten, sew- Christians, said to me privately, when ing classes and night classes are being I was examining him for baptism, conducted in these buildings. The 'Pastor, I should like to tell you how preacher is cooperating all he can. great God's mercy has been to me. We have also rented a residence and Although my parents were Christians chapel near this place for work among in another district-I, as a young the workers in the brick yard and man. was wild and reckless, and would factories. ' , not 'listen to my father's words, al- though he exhorted me with tears. At Chinese Post Office Unique last I got mixed up with some rob- bers and a number of us were caught THE annual report of the Chinese by the Government soldiers and were Post Office has been made by the actually led out to execution. Some North China Herald the subject of a had already been put to death and in very interesting article. The name of my terror I cried to my father's God the Post Office used to be spoken in for mercv. The military officer hear. derision, it says, but it has long out- ing my prayer was, strangely enough, grown that; and should be recog- moved to spare my life and ordered nized by all Chinese, as it is by for- the executioner to stay his hand. Ineigners, as one of the best forms of stead of a cruel death I received a beating of three hundred blows. From

that time I determined to turn to God. pies was taken over in 1917 by the I became a soldier and traveled to Shanghai Baptist College as a laboravarious parts of the province. As I tory for the Department of Sociology. heard the Word of God in different The Center houses the Brown Univer- Gospel Halls I yielded myself to sity School of Sociology, and provides, Christ. ' as announced in the Report, "a fine laboratory for the :Departments of "One of the first to speak at the tes- Education, Economics, and Religion timony meeting was this man's old as well as for the Department of Sofather. He urged all present to pray ciology." The aim of the Center is earnestly for their children and not "to unite the largest possible number to give up hope. His heart was full of community forces in cooperative of joy at seeing his boy now a mem- effort for the community welfare." ber of the church." The cooperating organizations include several cotton mills and other indus- China's Millions. trial concerns. The staff of the Cen- ter includes sixteen workers. "IReturns on an Investment F all China was life Fenchowfu," The Yangtze-poo district has, dis- say the m iss ion a r i e s of the tributed along the river front, some 125,000 people, who are engaged in American Board, "the day or her re- cotton-spinning, weaving and dyeing, demption would be at hand. Through- silk-spinning and weaving, in shipout western Shansi and northern building, in machine shops, lumber- Shensi the horizon is aglow with yards, and the electric power plant, promise. Although the missionaries and in factories making products for are operating from seventy-eight out- export. The chief industry is cotton stations, with a strong base at Fen- manufacture. chowfu city, and are busy day and night, traveling, preaching, supervis- Forward Steps in Yunpan ing, teaching, healing, advising and inspiring, the demand for Christianity EVER since the Siamese Christians is so great that the call comes for in 1917 undertook, under the more workers and better support. guidance or the American mission- Fortunately in 1921 seventy young aries, their pioneer work in Yiinnanmen offered themselves for the Chris- 110t far from French Indo-Chinatian ministry and are being trained frequent reference has been made to in the Bible School. Additions to it in the Review. The following forchurch membership were 2,740, and of mal action is now reported by the course a much larger number of ad- Board of Foreign Missions of the herents was listed. The evangelistic Presbyterian Church: "The long diswork in a large part of this field is tance from the stations in Siam, the supported by a New England business intervening mountain ranges, preman who is radiant over the returns venting easy access, the great extent on his investment. He has seen forty- of the field, and its high promise, led five walled cities entered and churches the Board, with the concurrence of the established, in which 1,213 new con- Siam Mission and the China Council, verts were enrolled last year. Strik- to constitute Chiengrung and a new ing features are the large number of station at Yuankiang as a separate officials and prominent men being mission, to be included in the China reached, and the rapid growth of self- Missions or the Board, under the field support. " jurisdiction of the China Council. This was done in January, 1923." A Chinese S()"ial S"ttl"""ent The missionaries in their letters be- moan their inability to meet all de- T HE Yangtze-poo Social Center in mands for cleansing houses of demons Shanghai, China, is probably the and at the same time instruct those only institution of its kind in the Orient. The property which it occu-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

who have already become identified from a Roman Catholic priest. He with Christianity. Many invitations sent for this priest, and expressed a to come to villages and rid the people desire to be baptized before his death.

of their idols have to be refused lest The difficulty was that he was too ill the people get a wrong idea of the to be taught and prepared for bap- Gospel through lack of training after tism by anyone from outside, for no conversion. One of the requirements one was allowed to be with him but of the "new religion" is the absolute his immediate family. The priest stopping of liquor drinking and strict knew the family well, and the story observance of the Sabbath. of the daughter, and he thought so highly .of her that he asked her to JAPAN-CHOSEN prepare her father for baptism. So A New Religion in Japan a Protestant girl at the request of a A NOTHER proof of the spiritual Roman Catholic priest, prepared the hunger of the Japanese people dying man for baptism into the Romay be found in this paragraph from man Church!"

the Japan Advertiser: " A new religion called' Tenshokyo' Buddhist Peace Plat:form which promises to spread more rapid- AYEAR ago the Federal Council ly than 'Omotokyo,' a strange creed .of Churches of Christ in America which was originated in Japan a year drew up a "Declaration of Ideals and and a half ago, has been founded by Policy looking toward a Warless a woman eighty years old and now WorId." This year the "Council of has more than 30,000 followers. The the Federation of all Buddhists in police recently went to the home of Japan" (representing approximately the woman to investigate the new be- 70,000 temples and 50,000,000 follief, and the founder stated that they lowers), at a conference recently held were the messengers of the devil and in Tokyo, taking cognizance of the that she would have nothing to do above mentioned Christian statement, with them. The god of the new sect drew up a responding declaration of is reported to be a small stone about like sentiments and ideals, in which it six inches in diameter. The converts is stated: "The everlasting peace of to the belief are reported to have men and the welfare of all nations is among their number several promi- our fundamental goaL" This is not nent men from Yokohama, and also a new stand which the Federation of several naval officers from the Yoko- Buddhists has taken. During the suka naval station. They are reported World War they sent a delegate to to be planning to build a shrine which interview President Wilson, also they will cost YIOO,OOO." sent a letter expressing their ardent desire for eternal peace and the reali- A Daughter's Service 7.ation of international friendship, to WRITING from Matsuye, Japan, a the Peace Conference at Versailles missionary of the Church Mis- and the Disarmament Conference at sionary Society sends the following Washington. At the Tokyo Peace unique incident: "A few years ago Exposition they issued a declaration a girl of high birth living in Tokyo, that it was their "desire to bring after nights of wrestling with God in about an eternal peace through the prayer, came out into the light and cooperation of all the religions of the was baptized. Her father had long world. "

been sunk in vicious habits, and soon after his daughter's conversion he was A Banker Accepts Christ R smitten down by a terrible and fatal EV. A. W. WASSON, missionary of the M. E. Church, South, in disease. When he knew that he was dying he 'came to himself,' and recol- Songdo, Korea, writes of Sherwood lected that in his youth he had learned Eddy's visit to Songdo, and one of

the results: "Two weeks ago Dr. from which the singing came, he ar- Sherwood Eddy spent two days in this rived at a little shop where he found city, greatly to the benefit of the a young man who had gathered a work. Among the persons who re- group of men and boys about him, mained for the after-service at the and he was teaching them to sing the close of the night meeting, was a gospel songs. On introducing himself prominent Korean banker who, for he discovered that the young man was some years, has been kindly disposed a baptized Christian, who had recently towards the Christian movement but been discharged from the Kwangju who had not accepted Christ. After a Leper Colony, with the disease arfew minutes' conversation in which rested, if not indeed cured, and that he expressed his sympathy with Chris- he had moved up to Sechem to carry tianity but at the same time stated on his trade as shoemaker. quite frankly the obstacles in the way of his becoming a Christian, he was He had just a tiny little shop, but invited to a personal interview with as he worked at his trade, like Paul, Dr. Eddy at our home the next morn- he preached to all that came and had ing. At the appointed hour he came, succeeded in gathering about him a Rev. J. S. Ryang interpreted. The little group of boys and young men banker stated again quite clearly and and was teaching them the Bible and frankly and earnestly the intellectual to sing gospel songs. He had been difficulties in the way of his faith and holding regular church services and also his shrinking from the opposition already several women were regular he would meet if he became a Chris- attendants. tian. Without any evasion and with great ability Dr. Eddy faced and re- KoreA's Spiritual Outlook moved the intellectual difficulties and then pressed upon the man's con- REV. CHARLES INWOOD, D.D., science the duty of enduring the hard- who has been visiting Japan and ships incident to being a Christian in Korea as a representative of the Kes- Korea, and appealed for an immedi- wick Convention, writes in The Life ate decision. For some time the de- of Faith: "Speaking of the outlook cision seemed to hang in the balance. of the Christian Church in Korea, I Dr. Eddy said, "There are four of realize the new perils that beset it. us in this room whom you can see. A The spirit of independence is not confifth person is present whom you can- fined to the political sphere. It cannot see. As my words enter your ears not be suppressed, but it will not be this fifth person, the unseen Christ, easily guided into safe channels in is saying in your heart, 'They are the Church. There is a new Korea. true. You ought to be a Christian. Korea has found her soul in the fur- You ought to be a Christian now.' nace of persecution; one sees evi- After a b1'ief silence, during which I dence of this everywhere. Shan this have no doubt the living Christ kept new national self-consciousness be pleading with him, the strong man captured by politics or by religion t held out his hand and said, 'I will.' " Shall it lead the rising generation to Jesus Christ or away from Him Y I,et An Ex-Leper'. Work all who love Korea remember this peril in prayer. Another peril is the ABOUT twenty years ago a church change of front of the Japanese au- was started in a certain Korean thorities towards missionaries and village, which after som~ !ime died Christians generally. There has been out and was not started agam. Some a complete reversal of the cruel policy months ago the helper in this terri- of three years ago. Now patronage comes from the same quarter from tory on passing through the town was which persecution came so recently. surprised to hear the singing of a If this means merely a shuffiing of gospel song. Following the direction political cards it is worthless. If it

923] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

means a conscientious change of atti- and Methodists and AnglicaIl$ II,re tude towards the Korean race and to- appointing commissions to confer. In wards the Christian religion, I praise England, members of the Church of God for it. One thing, however, I England and of the Baptist, Congre- know is that patronage is always a gational, Methodist, Moravian, and more subtle peril than persecution, Presbyterian Churches held remark- and I am not sure that all the mis- able conferences last winter. In Aus- sionaries or the Korean Christians are tralia, Anglicans, Baptists, Christians, fully alive to this. The few see it, Congregationalists, Methodists, and but I am afraid the many do not." Presbyterians are discussing the mat- ter seriously.

Korean Women's Club The Church of Scotland and the I N 1921, under the leadership of one United Free Church of Scotland have of the missionary ladies, the mar- almost completed their reunion. In ried Christian women in Songdo, Egypt, members of the Church of Korea, formed what they styled, The England and the Greek Orthodox, the Married Women's Club. The object Coptic, the Syrian Orthodox, the Ar- of this organization was to provide a menian, and the Presbyterian Church- means for the women to report their es are continuing hopeful conferences.

various missionary activities and to encourage other methods of service Christian Endeavor Growth commensurate with the time and abil- DR. FRANCIS E. CLARK, founder ity of individual members. Except of the Christian Endt'avor Soduring the vacation, meetings have ciety forty-two years ago, reports been held once a month at the houses progresB in many lands. of the various members, and certain subjects are reported each month. During the last two years more than First is attendance at Korean church. 6,000 new Christian Endeavor soci- Three ladies all of whom had small eties have been formed in the United children who could not be left alone, States alone, and in every state a net reported that each Sunday one gain of from five to forty per cent. in mother kept all the children, and each numbers has been made. Latvia, Esmother could attend two out of three thonia, Finland, Jugoslavia, Hungary, Sundays_ Visits in Korean homes usu- all are making progress in Christian ally mount up in member. Then there Endeavor lines. Two consecrated are always reports of Koreans enter- young Finnish Endeavorers have retained in one's own home-the indus- cently been in America, holding evantrial school boys, the graduating class gelistic meetings among their own of boys, Bible women, Korean doctors countrymen with blessed results. A and others have at various times been National Christian Endeavor Union invited to meals, or have attended has been recently formed in Portugal, receptions given in their honor. almost the last country in Europe that was not thus equipped. For the first Korea Mission Field. time an all South American Christian MISCELLANEOUS Endeavor convention has been held in Sao Palo, Brazil, with delegates Progress Toward Unity from Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, AMONG the hopeful signs of prog- and from many of the Brazilian states. ress toward Christian unity, the From Australasia comes the report of secretary of the World Conference soul-stirring meetings in Brisbane, on Faith and Order notes the fol- Queensland, with many hundreds of lowing: delegates, scores coming from South In Canada, the Congregationalists, Australia, 1,500 miles away, and wme Methodists, and Presbyterians have from New Zealand, equally far re- reached almost the :final stage of union moved by sea. The Continent.

MISSIONARY XJBlRARY_ ~ –

" o iJ'Uij" uUtiti iii UtiiJi ~ ow… birii .zoo .. ; Constantinople Today. The Pathfinder Sur· The results of the Survey are here vey. A Study of Oriental Life under the published with maps and photo- direction of Clarence R. Johnson. Illus- graphic illustrations. A fuller review trated. 8vo. 418 pp. $5. Macmillan article will be published in these pages 00., New York, 1922.

With the reopening of the gates of later.

Constantinople after the war, repre- The Message of Buddhism. Subhadra sentatives of many welfare agencies, old and new, arrived early to assist Bhikkhu, edited by J. E. Ellam. 12mo. in the work of reconstruction. All of pp. xii+1(}8. $1.25. Regan Paul, Trench, Triibner & Co., Ltd., London.

these were impressed with the need of E. P. Dntton and Company. New York.

studying the eonditions in this great This booklet was published first in city of a million and a quarter, to 1888 under the title of Buddhist know what eonditions were eapable of Catechism. The eighth and last edi- amelioration and how to begin right. tion of the Catechism was translated Eight American organizations there- into English and was published by fore united to attempt a study of the 'the Maha-Bodhi Soeiety in 1908. The· moral and soeial eonditions. The com- present work embodies the material mittee of fifteen represented: The of the Catechism, but has dispensed American Board missionaries, the with the question and answer method.

Near East Relief, the American Cham- The book describes in simple un- ber of Commeree for the Levant, the technical language the main tenets of Ameriean Red Cross, the Y. M. C. A., Hinayana (or Southern) Buddhism, the Y. W. C. A., Robert College, and which is found in Ceylon, Burma, Constantinople College for Women, Siam and Cambodia. The first chap- under the direction of Prof. Clarenee ter gives the story of the Buddha as R. Johnson, who had spent some years found in the legends concerning his in Constantinople as instructor in life. The seeond chapter gives an Robert College, and had subsequently outline of the Doetrine of Buddhism taken special training in sociological and the third and last describes the work at Brown University. order or monkhood.

The work ineluded an historical The book is part of the propaganda study, City Administration, Industry, of the Buddhist Society of Great Adult Delinquency, Children, Widow- Britain and Ireland, which iR tlte hood, Refugees, Community Organi- representative in England of the zation, Education, and Recreation. Jfaha-Bodhi Society of India, Ceylon Owing to lack of adequate funds, and Burma. The former was estab- the study of Health and Housing lished in London in 1907 and has is- had to be omitted. Hearty coopera- sued a number of publications with a tion was given by the eity authori- :;trong missionary tendeney. In view ties, as well as among the various of this it may be surprising that it native communities that make up this has not employed the results of west- polyglot population. The investiga- ern scholarship to a greater extent.

tions discovered an almost universally Such seholars as Louis de la Vallee acknowledged need for much reform Poussin, T. W. Rhys-Davids, Suruki and a widespread readiness to work Saunders and Anesaki have added toward such betterment. The organi- greatly to our knowledge of Budd- zation of a Civic Welfare League, pre- hism.

ceded the starting of the Survey, and The author takes a few flings at has taken up with enthusiasm some of Christianity and advances the theory the findings. that Buddhism spread to the West 236 during the reign of Asoka and that Protestants among the Greeks, he does .Tesus was taught by a Buddhist monk not sympathize with the methods used, from his twelfth to his thirtieth year. This naIve hypothesis seems to ignore save as a spur to the ancient Church, the fact that .Tesus taught very few and prefers the attitude of the Protof the doctrines set forth in this book. estant Episcopal Church in making no For instance, .Tesns had an overpowering consciousness of God as Father, attempts to proselytize. With minor au idea which is absent from Hinyana exceptions, his treatment of the place Buddhism. of religion in the lives of the Greek people, the strong position of the Greeks in America. By J. P. Xenides. Church and its increasing stress on 12mo. $1.00. Geo. H. Doran Co., New spiritual things, is encouraging. York. 1922. The concluding chapters recom- The author does not make the mis- mend greater contact between the bettake of comparing America with ter class of Americans and Greeks, his native 1and, to the detriment of education and more wholesome recrethe latter, in order to please the peo- ation to supplant the ubiquitous cofple of his adopted country. Nor does fee-houses. In the Church, Mr. Xenihe boast about his people as not need- des thinks that the stress should be ing improvement. The discussion is on a better educated clergy and a a well-balanced, appreciative, but more responsible laity, and believes withal critical, account of Greek life the ritual should be shortened and abroad and among immigrants in simplified but' without endangering America. it. The services, books and the Scrip- tures should also be translated into Mr. Xenides was born in Cffisarea, Modern Greek. Sunday-school and Asia Minor, educated at Marsovan and other forms of religious instruction at New College, Edinburgh, taught should be stressed and the moral implifor many years in Asia Minor and was cations of the Gospel more clearly later Secretary of tne Greek Relief brought out. A revival of preaching Committee in New York. He begins he recommends as most important and his study with an account of condi- suggests that the Protestant clergy in tions, racial, economic, political and America can help in this undertaking. religious, in European and Turkish Greece up to the present time. Immi- Christianity and the Race Problem. By gration is viewed from its economic Rev. Robert E. Smith. 12mo. 156 pp. standpoint, and finally, the social life $1.25 net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New and religious organization of the York. 1922. Greeks in America is set forth. The home mission study topic for The generous Christian spirit of the the year makes of special interest this editors of this New Americans Series study of the Negro problem in Amerhas enabled the author to speak his ica by a southerner, the son of a slave heart on the subject of the Greek owner. Mr. Smith considers it the Church. Mr. Xenides gives a good most menacing problem before Ameraccount of the Greek Orthodox ica today. He looks upon the Negroes Church and the difficulties under as free American citizens, not as an which'it has labored for many years. ignorant or servile race, and as en- He regards the new spirit of internal titled to enjoy every right that Amerreform, as illustrated by the progres- iean citizenship is, supposed to confer. sive spirit of Patriarch Meletios of He makes a strong appeal for justice Constantinople, as promising well for in behalf of the Negro-their oneness the future, but· he maintains that with the white race, their value as eitichanges and reforms must come within zens and the duty of white Amerieans. the historic Church. While giving It is, on the whole, a book of facts and some account of the few successful of general principles and would be strengthened by stories of how Chris- tianity is solving the race problem. New Tasks for the Old Churches. By Roger interest. This is regrettable, for Dr. W. Babson. 12mo. 190 pp. $1.00. Eaton had a notable career in Mexico Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. 1922. beginning with the time that the The new tasks described here are Mexican Central Railway was being those in industrial communities, along built into his field in Chihuahua down physical, social, educational and spir- to the beginning of the career of the itual lines. The work is needed and notorious Chihuahunsian, Pedro Villa. the churches are the organizations to To few men in Mexico was it given to lmdertake much of it but they must entertain so many notable visitors as work with a spiritual purpose and by Dr. and Mrs. Eaton in their Clharmspiritual methods otherwise our civi- ing home in Chihuahua, and among lization cannot be Christian. It is the most delightful things in the book the duty of the Church to help men are the descriptions of these visitors. Godward and to help them make the Especially interesting is the descripbest use of the life God has given tion of the notable visit of Messrs. them. While many will not agree Moody and Sankey to Mexico, in with Mr. Babson in some of his reCom- 1895, which resulted in a great quickmendations, all will be interested in ening of the life of evangelical mishis study of the problem and will sions in that land. agree that the Church of Christ must do more to help in their solution. Everyland, the missionary maga- The Mustard Seed iu lapan. By Wm. M. zine for boys and girls deserves more Vories. Illus. 12mo. 147 pp. Omi Mis· subscribers. The children are en- sion, Japan. 192:l. thusiastic and an expert' on Child The Omi Mission has a remarkable Training says; "If the child question story which is here told by the is properly handled we will have an founder. Mr. Vories is an architect entirely new child in one or two gen- and has developed a self-supporting erations, and we must have a new Christian mission to preach the Gos- world….. We must realize that the pel, to unite Japanese and foreign child question is not an academic Christians, to evangelize unoccupied question but a live issue, the molding fields, to train workers and to bring of our tomorrow."

«bout social reforms. There are now The price of Everyland is $1.50 a several departments of the work- year and will give the boys and girls agricultural, newspaper evangelism. a the benefit of travel, of sympathy and Gospel cruiser, general preaching, of a Christian viewpoint. A set of six Y. M. C. A. work, industrial depart- colored ({ Everyland postcards" for ment, sales company, playground, Christmas have very attractive pic- sanitarium and women's work. The tures of India children at work and narrative shows what may be done in at play. Order from EVERYLAND, a mission field by capable, consecrated ,Vest Medford, Mass.

workers who go out like the apostles of old to preach the Gospel while they NEW BOOKS support themselves. The Story of 'Grenfell of the Labrador. Dil· Life Under Two Flags. James Demarest Ion Wallace. 237 pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co., New York. 1922. Eaton. 297 "pp. $2.00 net. A. S. Barnes & Co. New York. Money Talks. Albert F. Me.Garrah. 176 pp.

This is an autobiography of a well- $1.25. Fleming H. Revell 00., New York. 1922.

known missionary of the American Constantinople Today or The Pathllnder Board who served in Mexico from Survey of Constantinople. Clarence R. 1882 to 1912, and has since been ac- Johnson. 418 pp. $5.00. Macmillan 00. New York. 1922. tive in America in the interests of With P'u and His Brigands. Mrs. Howard international peace. For this reason Taylor. 76 pp. 28. 6d. China. Inland it is too largely filled with unimpor- Mission. London. 1922.

tant details to have a wide general (Concluded on 3d cover page.)

PERSONALS

PERSONALS Send For B.ook.lIet DR. E. M. POTEAT, who has been teaching and lecturing in China for the past year t.od0'l" has been appointed acting professor of ethics and philosophy in Shanghai College LEARN how to make (Baptist) . a safe investment and secure an assured * income for life yielding BISHOP FISHER, of the M. E. Church, has as high as 8 %with returned to India after rendering great service during his visit to the United States No Anxiety. in the "I Will Maintain" campaign. He expected to arrive in Bombay January 11th. No Fluctuations. No Inheritance Taxes. ** A real bond with a donation feature endorled DR. ROBERT LAWS, "Maker of Living. by leading churches of all denominatio… stonia," was given a public reception by the town council and other BI'itish authorities Write for Booklet No.7 on his recent return to Blantyre, Nyasaland. NEW YORK BIBLE SOCIETY * Oldest Blbl. Society in New York DAN CRAWFORD, of the Luanza Mission, Central Africa, writes that the revised 5 East 48th Street New York translation of the New Testament in Swahili has been printed and that the Old Testament is being finished.

SHERWOOD EDDY has been conducting evan· gelistic meetings in Japan, Korea, and China, spending three months in the last· named. He is to be in India during January ani! F~bruary aud to spend March in Egypt and Palestine.

REV. W. S. ABERNETHY, D.D., minister of OBITUARY Calvary Baptist Church, Washington, D. C., which President Harding attends, was fre· REV. LAURITZ LARSEN, President of the quently introduced as "the Court Preacher National Lutheran Council of America, died of America" duriug his evangelistic tour in January 28, 1923, while on a speaking tour Europe, particularly in the Baltic States, to collect funds for Russian relief. He was which he reported at the fall meeting of only foxty years of age. the Baptist Foreign Missiou Society. * REV. J. C. R. EWING, D.D., long the hon· REV. THOMAS B. WOOD, D.D., a leader in ored president of Forman C'hristian College, Lahore, India, has been appointed by King the missionary work of the Methodist Epis· <George an honorary kn~ght cwnmandant copal Church in South America since 1870, of the Order of the Indian Empire. died at Tacoma, Wash., on December 18, 1922. ** * DR. ROBERT E. SPEER, President of the Federal Council, gave three adresses at its REV. ROBERT C. FORSYTH, a veteran ~ng. recent meeting, dealing ;respectively with the lish Baptist missionary in Shantung, Ohina, problems and tendencies in cooperative work, died at Tsinanfu in December, 1922. the constructive foreign missionary enter· prise, and the sorrow of the Near East. PROFESSOR HERMAN L. STRACK, "an emi- nent scholar and diligent promoter of the DR. AND MRS. STANLEY MYLREA, of the Christian message among the Jews," died Arabian Mission of the Refo.rmed Ohurch, recently in Berlin at the age of seventywere in the party attacked by bandits near four. Aleppo, one of whose members, Mr. Lester J. Wright, of the American Board, was killed, as reported in the January REVIEW. Dr. and Mrs. Mylrea eseaped unhurt.

eConcluded on page 240.) What do your boys and girls know about Korea?

Let them be introduced to the Hermit Kingdom by KIM and CHIN CHU The Korean Twins in TWINS TRAVELOGUES By WELTHY HONSINGER A Portfolio of four cards of Korean col- ored paper doll cut-outs and a book of stories of the twins.

PRICE 5-0 cent s per set , post pal'd IN ANY NET QUANTITY THE ABINGDON PRESS NEW YORK, 150 Fifth Ave. CINCINNATI, 420 Plum St. CHICAGO, 740 Rush St.

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DETROIT, 28 Elb:abeth St., East KANSAS CITY, 1121 McGee St. PORTLAND, Ore., 304·313 Arli…. Building PERSONALS DR. ROBERT R. MOTON, Principal of Tus· kegee Institnte, recently made" a good will (Concluded fram page 839.) tonr" of 1,200 miles through the state of REV. HARRY ROBERTS CARSON, D.D., of Georgia, accompanied by twenty-five Negro Ancon, Panama, has been consecrated bishop business and professioual men. of the new missionary diocese of Haiti.

JAMES M. SPEERS, formerly Clhairman of **• the Laymen's Missionary Movement, and active in many missionary and general re- MR. F. N. CHARRINGTON, long engaged in ligious enterprises, has been elected ehair· evangelistic work in East London, was reo man of the International Committee of the cently attacked by a man who would seem Y. M. C. A. of North America. from his methods to have been a professional pngilist, and though past seventy years of *** age, Mr. Charrington simply considers the attack "a tribute to his work." REV. HARRY FARMER, one- of the IIBSO· ciate secretaries of the Board of Foreign *** Missions of the Methodist Epiooopal (Jhu:reh, MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, a director of has recently been elected It secretary of the the MISSIONAR.y REVIEW Publishing Com· American Mission to Lepers. He will he pany, has been elected president of the associated with Mr. Wm. M. Danner, with Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign offices at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. Missions of the United States of America.

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