The Missionary Review of the World — July 1938

1938

Religion in Turkey Today Charles T. Riggs A Visit to Dutch New Guinea J. A. Jaf/ray The Church Challenges the City Dwight J. Bradley The Power of a Woman's Faith George W. Hinman What a Down..Town Church Can Do , Frederick B. Fisher Looking to the City of Tomorrow .Charles H. Sears Shall We Discontinue Institutional Work? G. Baez Camargo 2S Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember A UNIVERSALLY AC- Cbe Each quarterly issue

CLAIMED DAILY DE- THE UPPER ROOM Jti1rll to IS-Bethesda, Ohio, School Upptr contains meditations. of Missions. Mrs. John Seward, VOTIONAL CUIDE – Scripture selections and ,902 North 6th Street, Cambridge, Now Used by a Million Room suggested prayers for Ohio. People in English- and each day. Spanish – Speaking July July 11 to 19-Nprthfield Missionary Countries. Every Chris- EL APOSENTO ALTO, Conference, Notthfield, Mass. Mrs. tian desiring to have a August the Spanish edition, Gula Plummer, 330 West Emerson, family altar or some September shipped to a" Spanish- Melrose, Mass. other form of daily speaking countries on devotions lin the home Cbe exactly same price July 18 to 24-Mountain Lake Park, should have a copy of schedule as the English Mel. Interdenominational Summer THE UPPER ROOM- Upptr edition. School of Missions. Mrs. B. H. buy from the pastor of Sincell, Oakland, Md. your Church or order Room Order from direct THE UPPER ROOM July 12 to August 17'-:";Winona Lake Doctors' Bldg. School of Theology, Winona Lake, Nashville, Tenn. Indiana. Assembly. He will remain in this AN ACKNOWLEDGMENT August 21 to 27":""Chautauqua, N. Y., country for about a year, speaking By an oversight, two charts used in Institute of WorId Missions. Miss the June REVIEW, pages 265 and 291, Louise B. Woodford, 930 23d • • • in various parts of the United States. were not credited to the book, "The Avenue, North, St. Petersburg, Fla. Dr. Stephen J. Corey has resigned American City and Its Church," by from the presidency of the United Dr. Kincheloe, published by the Mis- August 23 to 29-World Conference Christian Missionary Society to be- sionary EducatIon Movement. There on International Friendship Through come President of the College of the were also two quotations on pages 286 the Churches, Larvik, Norway. Bible at Lexington, Kentucky. Dr. and 294 from the book by Dr. Robert Corey has given thirty-three years of Searle, "City Shadows," also published September 11 to 16 – International his life to the cause of world missions. by the Missionary Education Move- Convention of the Disciples of ment. We gratefully acknowledge Christ, Denver, Colo. Dr. Frederick• Sc•ov*el, Presbyterian these sources.

September 19 to 30 (tentative)- missionary at Tsining, Shantung Obituary Notes School of Missions. Mrs. Mitchell Province, China, was seriously Langdon, Tex. wounded by a Japanese soldier the Rev. Roger C. Cumberland, an first week in June. Dr. Scovel was American Presbyterian missionary to September 21 to 28-General Council, attempting to protect the nurses in Iraq for the past fifteen years, was United Church of Canada, Toronto, the mission hospital when one of the fatally shot by a Kurd at Dohuk, Canada. soldiers shot him in the side. It is forty miles from Mosul, on June 12th. reported that he has an excellent The Kurd escaped to the desert. No September 26 to 30-Southern Cali- chance of recovery. reason for the attack is known. Mr. fornia (Los Angeles) School of Cumberland was born in Verne, Cali- Mission Study. Mrs. H. M. Horn, *•• fornia, forty-three years ago, and be- 1811 Huntington Drive, South Pasa- gan his missionary service in East dena, Cal. Dr. Enrique C. Sobrepena of Ma- Persia in 1923, going soon afterward nila has been unanimously elected as to Mosul, Iraq, and then to Dohuk. October 4 to S-Warren, Ohio, School Executive Secretary of the Philip- He made long trips to the villages of of Missions. Mrs. George Konold, pin e Federation of Evangelical tribesmen, living with the people and 314 Scott Street, N. E., Warren, Churches, an interdenominational or- establishing Christian centers among Ohio. ganization representing the whole them. He is survived by his wife, Protestant movement in the Philip- Mrs. Harriet Gunn Cumberland, who October 5 to 12 – United Lutheran pines. He succeeds Dr. Higdon who went to the field in 1928. Church in America, Biennial Con- remains in America for a time, after vention, Baltimore, Md. which he hopes to return to Manila Rev. Edwin F. Frease, D.D., a to engage in interdenominational Methodist missionary in India and October 14 to 20 – American Lu- North Africa for 44 years, died in theran Church, Biennial Convention, Canton, Ohio, April 22. Dr. Frease Sandusky, Ohio. went to Bombay In 1888, and one year later was transferred to Baroda, October 20-Baltimore, Md., Institute where for 20 years he was pastor, for Church Women. Mrs. Bruce H. Superintendent of Gujarat District McDonald, 515 West Fayette St., and editor of a Christian publication. Baltimore, Md. He also translated the catechism and other Christian books into the native Personal Items language. In 1910, he was chosen to t3ke up a new work among the Mo- Dr. Sam Higginbottom, of Alla- hammedans of North Africa with his habad, India, arrived in America in time for the Presbyterian General (Concluded on page 821.) work. ••• Rev. Lewis Seymour Mudge, D.D., LL.D., after 17 years of faithful serv- ice as the Stated Clerk of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., has been honorably retired at the age of 70. Dr. Mudge has ren- dered a remarkable service, to the whole Church and to the Cause of Christ by the faithful and efficient way in which he has carried his heavy resllOnsibilities. Temporarily, he is acting as General Secretary of the Board of Christian Education for the Church, filling the place of Dr. Harold McAfee Robinson, who has been or- dered to take a rest on account of ill health.

MISSIONARY -~;, PARENTS

REVIEW OF THE WORL~ In the Foreign Mission Field O.,LAVAN L. PIERBON, Kd,tor , Endorse Calvert School ." :'l-Iome Study Courses VOL. LXI JULY-MJG.,1938 Nos. 7-8' for Children Publication and Business omce– Calvert School, through its Home Instruc- Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. tion Department, will give your child a Editorial and Executive omce– 156 Filth Avenue, New York City. superior elementary education ••• by mail, Entered as second-class matter at regardless of where you may live. Mod- Post 01llce, Harrisburg, Pa., UDder Act of March 3, 1879. ern, approved courses from this famous school are being used by parents all over 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. I"orelgn Postage, 50 cents a year. the world with outstanding success. Published monthly, except August. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. Give your children the advantages of these Brill.h agents – Marshall, Morgan and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, interesting lessons, carefully chosen books, London, E. C. 1 shllling per copy, and attractive materials. Instruction is 10 Bhlllings a year. under the personal guidance of teachers in MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- LISHING CO., INC, Calvert's prominent and successful private BOARD OF DIRECTORS day school in Baltimore: ROUEUT E. SPEER, J'resident t Write today for booklet of complete in- A. L. WARNBHUlB, Vice-Pres>dent W ALTIl:R McDOUGALL, 7'reasurer formation. Costs are low. DFlLAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary PAUL J. BRAlBTEO CALVERT SCHOOL 180W. Tuscany Road SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Baltimor. + Maryland D. J. FANT MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Obituary Notes The great white Empresses hold WM. B. LIPPHARO every speed record to and from ERle M. NORTH (Concluded from 2d c01Jer.) the Orient. 10 days direct to Yokohama by Empress of Asia SAMUEL M. ZWEMmB headquarters in Algiers, where he or Empress of Russia. Or only served until he retired in 1932. three days more via Hawaii by Editorial Chat Empress of Japan, largest and *** fastest on the Pacific, or Empress The July and August numbers of of Canada. Connect at Honolulu the REVIEW are combined into one. Dr. Maria White, who went to from California ports. The next issue will be September, and Sialkot, India, as a United Presbywill come from the press about August terian medical missionary in 1886, From Vancouver and Victoria 25th. It is to contain some very in- died in Wilkinsburg, Penna., March to Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, teresting and valuable articles on the 20, at the age of 84. She was the Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. Madras Conference Topics; others on first woman doctor to serve in the Details from YOUR TRAVEL the City, Brazil, Tibet. Africa and Punjab and after repeated efforts AGENT or Canadian Pacifio: "How to Interest Students in Mis- secured enough money to build the 41 offices in U. S. and Canada. sions." Miss Grace McGavran will Sialkot Memorial Hospital. She also begin her contributions on Best Meth- established a clinic at Pasrur and in ods for Promoting Missionary Interest 1910 built a small hospital there with at Home. Do not miss this number her own funds which she named the because you are absent from home. White Memorial Hospital in memory Write to give any change of address. of her parents.

*** *** Here are some recent comments't to John Elijah Case, father of Brayindicate why you and your friends ton C. Case of the American Baptist will find the REVIEW of interest atld Agricultural School in Burma, died February 8 at the age of 81. John and value: "I am an interested reader of E. Case went to Burma in 1882. Due to the shortage of missionaries he the REVIEW. I both enjoy it would not take any furlough and profit by it. You are rendering incal- stayed continuously on the field until culable service to the cause of the 1901. He then came back to America, Master's Kingdom in the world. God broken in health, and did not return. bless you!" *** BISHOP J. R. CHITAMBAR. Jubbulpore, India. Mr. Albert G. Adams, honorably retired Presbyterian missionary to *** West Africa, died on May 27th in Cincinnati, Ohio. In 1902, Mr. Adams "I have been a reader of your val- heard that a mission treasurer was ued journal for a number of years, needed in the West Africa Mission and have long admired its fine com- and applied for the position. The bination of evangelical loyalty and position entailed an immense amount breadth of vision," of work in handling shipments, keep- ing accounts and dealing with all the NORMAN S. MCPHERSON, intricate problems involved in con- Vice-President, Association of nection with French Customs. In 1935, after he had served for thirty- Baptists for Evangelization' three years, the French Government in the Orient. recognized the high quality of his work by awarding him the "Order of "I think that*thi*s (*REVIEW) is one the Black Star of Benin," the highest government honor given in Africa. of the finest publications that I know. It has been a great challenge to me, [ 321 ] and I hope to acquaint others with it."

(MISS) LILA MAE CHAPMAN.

305 Adams St., Macon, Ga.

BOYS AND GIRLS'-GIVING CHILDREN A CHANCE TO GO TO THE

REBUILDING MEN-GLIMPSES OF WORK IN GOOD WILL INDUSTRIES MISSION, CINCINNATI, OHIO (see article by Richard Scully-page 335)

NARY

REVIE ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LXI JULY-AUGUST, 1938 NUMBERS 7 AND 8 #'fI'

Topics of the Times WHAT DO WE SEE IN THE WORLD? by the need of the Athenians for a knowledge of the true God and for the life offered through The earth is made up of material things, of Jesus Christ. animals and people. History is a series of events, discoveries, disasters, conflicts, human problems What we see indicates what we are and what and heroic deeds. What do we see when we look are our chief interests. These determine our amat the world of matter and of time? bition and plan of action. What Japan sees in China and the Chinese is vastly different from In an automobile men see different things ac- what the Christian missionary sees-and these j:!ording to their interests, experience, viewpoint. They see a beautiful piece of mechanism or a pile different viewpoints lead to opposite courses of of junk; a wonderful invention or a mystery; a possible joy-ride or a vehicle for business; an action and opposite results. . expense or a means of profit; a family asset or an engine of destruction. The summer is here, with its opportunities for What do you see in a sunset-a "weather work and play, for travail or travel, for self inbreeder," a mass of clouds and sunlight, a wonder- dulgence or for service. Where and how will we ful picture or an evidence of the glory of God, the Creator? and our families spend the summer if we have an opportunity for choice? There are factories and There is a similar variety and contrast in the offices for constant toil; there are summer reway men and women look at the heavens on a ~orts where the world, the flesh and the devil clear night, on a school, a church, on the Bible, hold sway; there are camps and summer conferor on money. In a baby some see a cute play- ences that offer opportunities for Christian felthing, others a nuisance, an adorable bit of hu- lowship, wholesome recreation and spiritual manity, a son and heir, ransom money, the mak- growth. Which will we choose? ing of a possible criminal or a future servant of God and benefactor of mankind. How differently, The Christ-centered and Christ-controlled life too, men look at a cross! has a different viewpoint from that of any other life; and the results are different here and will When the hosts of Syria came against Israel be through all eternity.

"The things that are seen are temporal, but the things that are not seen are eternal."

and besieged the city of Dothan, Elisha's servant NEW STEPS IN JAPANESE SHRINE saw only horses and chariots and an enemy's WORSHIP army; but when his eyes were opened he saw horses and chariots of fire-the encircling hosts It seems self-evident to many Christians that of God assuring victory. the act of obeisance at the Japanese State shrines In a multitude of people did Jesus see only a transgresses the implications of monotheism and mob or possible commercial asset? No, He saw violates the explicit requirements of God as found hungry, straying "sheep without a shepherd"; in the first and second commandments. This is He saw men and women whom He had come to so fully borne out by a careful study of State save. At Athens, the apostle Paul was not im- Shinto, that it comes as a distinct shock to find pressed most by the wisdom of the Greeks or by some Christians willing to bow at these shrines.

the beauty and expense of the Parthenon, but to direct students under their care to attend and [323 ]

bow, and to influence Christian leaders to ac- necessary for such arrests, and no trials are quiesce. Imperfect apprehension' of the moral held, but these people are told that if they will implications may explain this tragic anomaly. do obeisance all else will be forgiven.

In the ancient and modern conflict between At meetings of Christian organizations the de- Christ and "Cresar," the issue eventually becomes mand is made that they adopt resolutions favorclear. The significance of the attitude of mind ing obeisance. When one Presbytery met, the which the Japanese Government desires to de- town was filled with soldiers and Christian leadvelop in every subject of the Empire is becoming ers were told that the town was under martial evident-namely the entire subservience to the law, that failure to obey -orders meant death Japanese State and the worship of "spirits" other and that resolutions "must" be passed approving than Jehovah. Recent events in Korea are mak- obeisance at the shrines, even by the Presbytery ing it clear that the ultimate question that Chris- itself. Such pastors and elders as were suspected tians and churches are facing there is that of of opposition 'tvere detained at the police station, monotheism or polytheism. while weaker brethren were' persuaded to pro- pose such resolutions. The small affirmative vote Weare convinced that if Christians yield to was heralded as the action of that Presbytery! Government requirements that students attend When the men detained at the police station were and do obeisance at Shinto shrines, later demands released and wished to rescind the resolution, will lead to further acquiescence in Shinto wor- the police declared that such action would not be ship. Two missionary teachers who attended the tolerated. shrine were soon ordered to make offerings at the shrines. No official, whatever he might say about Some Christian congregations are also being the act of obeisance, can deny that the offering coerced, as in one province where the Governor of sacrifices to "spirits" is a religious act. When ordered the churches each time they met to go in missionaries have declined to make such offer- a body to the Shinto shrine and do obeisance. If ings, their educational qualifications have been there was no shrine in the village the church rescinded. was ordered to erect one on its own property. In this province, an oath of allegiance to Japan must When a Christian School Board declared that be repeated in unison by those in the church; it would do all that the Government required, the the Japanese calendar must also be substituted missionary principal (who had done obeisance) for the Christian calendar. Such "regulations" demurred, but the Board members told him there corroborate the conviction that the Government was no difference between obeisance and meet- intends to force "obeisance" upon the whole popuing other requirements. In connection with the lation. A year ago, in another province, it was war in China the orders of the Government show announced that a Shinto shrine would be erected what is at the core of State Shinto worship. On in every village, and each household would be September 21, 1937, the Japanese army invading ordered to contribute toward the cost. When China was halted and prayers for victory were Christians objected, "pressure" was exerted to offered to Amaterasu-Omi-kami (the Goddess of compel contributions. Heaven). On February 11, 1938, the whole Empire was ordered to go to the shrines and pray The issue is being drawn more and more defor victory. Christians, formerly excused, are no finitely and more and more clearly it is seen that longer permitted to absent themselves. The police the issue is actually:-"Will the Christian Church in Chosen hIve volunteered the information that do obeisance at Shinto' shrines to 'spirits' other they are driven by the military, "who look upon than Jehovah?" Amaterasu-Omi-kami as their god," to compel the Christian schools to do obeisance. A missionary says, "We are tryipg to live up to our Lord's words in Matthew 22: 21. … There Coercion, in various forms, is being used to is no danger of God's demanding the things that make it appear that "right-minded Christians" belong to Cresar, but it is a historic fact that have no difficulty in doing obeisance. All Chris- Cresar has often demanded the things that belong tian gatherings have long been under police sur- to God. . . . We do not pretend that conditions veillance, with special severity in the case of those here are as severe as those in the first three Christian bodies which have shown scruples about centuries (under Rome) ·but the differences are doing obeisance. All over the country people are rather of degree than of kind." being urged to purchase "Kami-dan" (I!'od shelves) and small replicas of the shrines, and to Christians need to awaken to the facts in reinstall them in their homes. Once installed, these gard to this struggle between Christ and the must be treated with special reverence. Japanese Cresar, and to aid in the effort to keep Christian schools and the Christian Church from Christian leaders in Korea who will not do entering the road which is likely to end in aposobeisance are being imprisoned. No warrant is tasy. To many a Japanese subject, the demand

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

"Choose ye this day whom ye will serve" is a terian Church U. S. A., on the other hand, was terrible reality. the first ecclesiastical body to vote to approve cooperation with this proposed "World Council THE UTRECHT CONFERENCE-"THAT ALL of Churches." MAY BE ONE" Those who become members of this fellowship Last summer's interchurch conferences, at Ox- will appoint members of the Assembly of 450 ford and Edinburgh, were followed by a special members, which will include lay and clerical, men delegated conference at Utrecht, Holland, May and women. There will also be a Central Com- 9th to 12th, called to plan for a proposed World mittee of which Dr. Visser t'Hooft of Holland Council of Churches. This Conference was pre- and Dr. Henry Smith Leiper of New York were sided over by Dr. William Temple, Archbishop of elected secretaries. York, and was attended by about fifty-six delegates and twenty-five other representatives from At the Stockholm Conference in 1925 the twenty-one countries. Many denominations were slogan was "Doctrine divides; service unites," cooperating, including the Old Catholic and Greek but at Utrecht the conviction was that there must Orthodox churches. Among the delegates were be a solid foundation in a Christian faith that Dr. Francis C. M. Wei of China, Mr. Thomas unites. The doctrinal basis, unanimously adopted David of India, Dr. John R. Mott and Dr. A. L. for submission to the various churches, had as its Warnshuis of the International Missionary Coun- main point "the acceptance of our Lord Jesus cil; Dr. Kenneth S. Latourette, of Yale; Dr. S. M. Christ as God and Saviour." Representatives of Cavert of the Federal Council of Churches of some groups-such as the Unitarians and Czecho- Christ in America, Dr. Adolf Keller of Switzer- Slovakian Church-objected to this basis, but land, Dr. J. H. Oldham, Wil1iam Paton and the without avail. Archbishop of York, of Great Britian. The proposed World Council of Churches will The Conference unanimously adopted a form not attempt to judge orthodoxy or to exercise of constitution, recommended for the World authority over the constituent churches. It will Council of Churches, which will be submitted to be consultative and cooperative, not legislative. the various constituent bodies for their criticism or approval. A provisional Committee was appointed to carry forward the work of the Conference, with Reporting on the Utrecht Conference, Dr. La- the following members from the United States: tourette says, "In our day, as in no other, tbe Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, Dr. John R. Mott, Bishop Christians of the world are beginning to come to- George Craig Stewart, Dr. A. R. Wentz, Dr. Samgether and to find in their common Lord a bond uel M~ Cavert and Mr. Charles P. Taft. which is stronger than the rising divisions of Whatever may be the differences in opinion as to the feasibility of such a World Council of international jealousy and hatred. Growing Churches, or the methods and characteristics that should mark such a Council, there can be only Christian fellowship in a divided world cannot sympathy and admiration for those followers of but give to thoughtful souls convincing evidence Christ who seek to fulfil His prayer "that they all that in the Church of Christ is a superhuman may be one, even as thou, Father, art in me ann T power that makes for love and trust." in thee, that they also may be in us; that the world may believe that Thou hast sent me." AJl While practically all truly Christian churches disciples of Christ are called to form a united believe in promoting unity of spirit and harmony in operation among all followers of Christ, there stand against paganism, atheism and materialism, against sin and selfishness and to promote a are strong differences of opinion as to how these united faith in Christ with a growth in loyalty, objectives may best be brought to pass without love, cooperation and sacrificial service. compromise in matters that are considered essentials. The United Free Church of Scotland, for example, considered the subject at its recent As Dr. A. L. Warnshius says: "The mission- General Assembly and proposes to withdraw from ary significance of the proposed Council consists the ecumenical movement on the ground that their in the recognition of the world-wide character of affiliation would "endanger the whole position of the Christian Church. A .primary purpose of its religious freedom, religious equality and volun- organization is to make visible the essential unitv taryism for which the United Free Church has of the churches throughout the world that are i~ contended and suffered." "State Churchism vs. agreement with the doctrinal basis stated above.

Free Churchism," the historic Episcopate, and co- The possibility of now organizing a wor1d-wide operation with some church bodies that are con- Council of Churches is accepted as a demonf1trl'l- sidered "non-evangelical" are among the dangers tion of the results of the missionary service of the to which objection is made. Church. "Ecumenical" means the "inhabited The recent General Assembly of the Presby- world," and that includes more than North

America and Europe. Christian missions have from India, Dr. Stanley Smith from China and now made it possible to speak of an 'Ecumenical the veteran Secretary Robert Speer picture the Church.' The form of organization of the pro- world's need and the proved sufficiency of Jesus posed Council is based upon the experience of the Christ to meet it; and finally, on the last great day International Missionary Council. of the feast, the presentation of the Report of the Assembly's Standing Committee on Foreign Mis- "The missionary work of Christ is not finished, sions, with its courageous, forward-looking resobut only well begun, and it will necessarily be lutions – all this constituted a program not one of the primary responsibilities of the Council, likely to be forgotten by Commissioners or when organized, to cooperate in the advancement visitors. It renewed assurance of the fulfilment of missionary endeavor everywhere, so as to of the promise of the retiring moderator's constrengthen and extend the churches in every part fident sermon, HI will build my Church." Dr. of the world. The realization of the missionary Foulkes calle~he Church, with impassioned apresponsibility of the Council in its service is es- peal, to believing prayer and consecrated effort, sential to the achievement of its purpose; other- both in behalf of suffering China and sinning wise it will become merely an academic debating Japan, and for all mission lands, where, though society. Missions are no mere department of the the harvest is great and the laborers few, yet the life of the Church, to be remembered only by a Lord of the harvest is wonderfully blessing both minority of its members. The whole life of the the sowing of the seed and the garnering of the whole Church must be directed to the fulfillment sheaves. of its world-wide evangelistic mission." The fact that this Assembly was entirely free MISSIONS AT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY from the doctrinal and judicial contentions, which have disturbed and saddened many recent As- It seems hardly possible that any future meet- semblies, and that many enc()uragements were in ing of the Presbyterian General Assembly, at evidence that seem to point toward an early releast for fifty years to come, should surpass in union of all branches of the Presbyterian order missionary signficance the Sesqui-centennial As- and the ultimate fulfilment of our Saviour's sembly, with its two days of pre-assembly con- prayer "that they all may be one," contributed ferences, which convened from May 24th to June greatly to the missionary inspiration of this As- 1st in Philadelphia's Municipal Convention Hall. sembly. Great encouragement was derived also Even the distinctively Foreign Mission Centennial from the fact that, in spite of the current financial Assembly of last year can scarcely be compared recession and the disturbed state of the world, with it. Everything seemed to combine to make the Board of Foreign Missi()ns has received more it a record Assembly. More than 150 of the than $500,000 toward its special Centennial Fund Church's missionaries were present; the Board of a million dollars for the reinforcement of a de- Exhibits were most appropriate and attractive; pleted missionary force and the restoration of the arrangement and atmosphere of the great missionary salaries. The group of consecrated "Hall ()f Fellowship," beneath the huge Conven- women present, who had just come from a week of tion Hall, left nothing to be desired for the meet- soul-stirring conference at Buck Hill Falls, were ing of old friends and the making of new, within enthusiastically, if not enviously, applauded 011 and with()ut the missionary group itself; the in- their report that, instead of raising a mere half spiring foreign mission gathering after the Evan- of their Centennial allotment, they had raised gelism Conferences, followed by the delightful every dollar of it. The Presbyterian Board, fellowship dinner the next day; the world-wide though made tragically short-handed by many Communion service of more than 6,000 after the recent retirements from its executive staff, yet Moderator's sermon; the Women's Reception to rejoices in the finding of able and devoted sucmissionaries; the Stewardship Breakfast and the cessors for some of the veterans, and is devoting Men's, Women's and Young People's Fellowship its energies to the development of new plans for Dinners for 6,000; preaching by scores of mis- increasing its official and field efficiency, and for sionaries through all that region, in churches of calling the finest new recruits to the colors. The many denominations; the Vesper Prayer Con- new Century of the Church's Foreign Missions ference led by Dr. Cleland McAfee, with reports opens with a cheer.* COURTENAY H. FENN. from all the mission fields and intimate intercession: the gathering of many thousands in the • The Rev. Charles W. Welch, D.D., of L()uisville. Kentucky, was Great Hall, the platform crowded with mission- elected moderator to succeed Dr. William Hiram Foulkes of Newark; aries and Board officers, to hear Mrs. Carruthers and Dr. William Barrow Pugh of Chester, Pennsylvania, was elected Stated Clerk for a five year term to S1Icceed Dr. Lewis Mudge, who is honorably retired at seventy years ()f age.

in Turkey

By the REV. CHARLES T. RIGGS, Istanbul, Turkey For forty years a missionary of the American Board THERE appears to be prevalent an impression his capacity as Sultan. One illustration of the that Turkey has thrown off her Mohammed- power of the Moslem religion over the Ottoman anism and is trying to go along without any State. was in the fact that the Sheikh-ul-Islam, religion. To understand what has happened, we who was the highest authority in the Moslem relimust first distinguish between official and per- gious courts-the Chief Justice, so to speak, of the sonal attitudes. Officially, the United States might Mohammedan Supreme Court – was the only be said to have no religion, since Church and State power legally entitled to pronounce a decree deare entirely separate. But that would be mis- posing the Sultan. Now, in these Republican days, leading. Officially, Turkey has pronounced herself when the dominance of the old Sultans is held to to be entirely secular; but religion is ingrained have been the cause of the many disasters to in the life and thought of her people, as it always Turkey, this union of religion with the highest has been. secular authority is regarded as a calamity. Steps have therefore been taken to abolish the power There is no such anti-God movement in Turkey of the Moslem clergy for the purpose of preventas exists in the United States of Soviet Russia. ing any return to the old absolutism and tyranny There is in Turkey no organized attempt to eradi- such as existed in the days of the Sultans. cate religious faith and sentiment; any such at- tempt would be rigorously opposed even by the Unfortunately, in the process, much of the secular Government. Nor has there been any at- ethical influence of the clergy has also gone. The tempt to get rid of the mosques, or even of Chris- abolition of the old mosque schools for children thin churches or Jewish synagogues. Religious and the more recent abolition of the medresse, or worship goes on in hundreds of churches and in theological schools, the reduction of financial aid thousands of mosques, without hindrance. It is from the State to mosques, the forbidding of the true that many old mosque buildings, long prac- use of clerical dress on the streets, the abolition tically disused for lack of adjacent Moslem pop- of all civil compulsion in the observance of Ramulation, have been condemned and torn down. It azan (the annual month of fasting) and finally is also true that churches have either been torn the suppression of the early morning "call to down or diverted to other uses, where the Chris- prayer" on the ground that it woke many people tian population has disappeared. But these facts up who did not wish to pray at that time-all are not proof of anti-religious feeling. While the these and other new regulations have given the Turkish State is absolutely separated from reli- religious leaders an inferiority complex. They gion, the Government has taken over the manage- feel that their authority is gone, and the average ment of the mosque properties, and repairs or man no longer looks up to them as the models in renovations are made by order of the Government all things ethical as well as religious. which also sees to the payment of the clergy. As One of the most ominous results of modern reg- to the Christian churches, the Government is try- ulations is, that in the secularization of all schools ing to regularize the affairs of each and to prevent and in the suppression of mosque schools, chila misuse of church funds by appointing some one dren no longer have any religious training aside for each church who shall be directly responsible from what they may receive in their own homes to the Government for the correct use of its funds; from their parents. Since the reading of the this person is to be one designated by the church Koran in mosques is still in the Arabic language, itself. and since no school lower than the University is To understand the situation in Turkey today, allowed to teach Arabic, children no longer com- mit the Koran to memory or learn its precepts. one must remember the centuries during which And with the suppression of the theological semthe religious and secular powers were united; when the Sultan was also the Caliph, and was inaries, one wonders just where Turkey will obmore powerful as Caliph than as Sultan, his reli- tain religious leaders of the future; certainly they gious dominance was paramount. In those days, will not have the preparation they formerly rethe Moslem clergy had a strangle hold on things ceived. There is a course in Moslem theology ofsecular, through their influence with the Caliph in fered in the University, but at last accounts there [327 ]

were no students who had enrolled in that course! pupils are all of Christian families. The Arme- The larger mosques, and to a certain extent the nian day-schools have thus kept on with their smaller ones, are still frequented by worshipers, religious lessons; and one of the Mission schools especially during the fast-month of Ramazan. In in Istanbul has its Sunday services in a separate some places, owing to the substitution of Sunday building; these are attended by Armenian girls for Friday as the weekly holiday, one finds more only. As for leadership – priests, pastors and people attending the mosque at the noon prayer ministers of Christian churches of all denomina- on Sunday than on Friday. Yet in most mosques, tions are on the same footing with the Govern- Friday is still the great day and often there will ment as are the imams of mosques.

be many hundreds in each of the larger mosques Further, the publication and circulation of of Istanbul for the noon prayer on that day. Christian literature is not forbidden in Turkey, Popular interest in religion in Turkey is notice- and many Christian books have been on sale for able in another and more unusual way -=In the a long time:….' Strangely enough, and without sales of the Christian Scriptures through the apparent reason, after a Turkish translation of Bible Society colporteurs. Those parts of the new Fosdick's "The Manhood of the Master" had translation that have been issued in the new alpha- appeared, all copies were confiscated by the Gov- bet have met with a good sale; and many Turks ernment, and the publishers were told it was "un- are reading the New Testament to find out what desirable." But this prohibition was not on the this Protestant Christian religion is. The Bible ground of its being a religious book. The Gov- Societies have opened a new store on the main ernment pUblication office itself has in recent years street of one of the great business quarters in issued translations of European biographies of Istanbul, with an attractive show-window where Jesus and of Mohammed; and now, within less open Bibles are constantly displayed; and these than a year, it is hoped, the entire Bible, in mod- attract much attention from passers-by. There ern Turkish and in the Latin type now adopted, is, and has been for many years, a weekly sel'vice will be issued from the press. This should meet of worship of one of the Evangelical churches in with a good reception.

the Turkish language; it is a rare Sunday when A comparatively new development along reli- two or three or more Turks are not present-men gious lines is the interest shown in the history of who are professedly Moslems, but who wish to the early introduction of Christianity among learn what Evangelical truth is. Turkish tribes. A book has appeared by a Turk There has been considerable misunderstanding on this theme, showing the extent of the early as to the attitude of the Turkish Government to- prevalence of Christianity in central Asia among ward Christian communities today. These are not Turks; there has also been published a book by being interfered with, except in certain individual the celebrated historian, Dr. Fuad Keuprulu, on cases in cities remote from the centers. There "The History of Religions Among the Turks"

are scattered groups of Gregorian as well as Prot- (192'5), in which he gives considerable space to estant Armenians in many towns in Anatolia, and this matter. A philosophical work by Prof. Hilmi each of these conducts its public worship. In Ziya, of the University of Istanbul, "Turkish Talas, near Cresarea in central Asia Minor, the Philosophical Thought," treats of the same sub- Protestants were told they could go to the church ject. Recently a long article appeared in one of in Cresarea, four miles or more away, but were the Turkish dailies, Cumhuriyet (Dec. 13, 1937), forbidden to continue their worship in Talas. referring to three recent Italian publications on This was decreed by a peculiarly hard-hearted this topic, proving that Christianity existed in governor who has since been removed. In Sivas, the early 13th century, before the days of Marco a little farther east, the Gregorians have likewise Polo. The author of this newspaper article read a been forbidden to gather in their church. But paper at the Historical Congress held at the invi- with rare exceptions, services go on wherever tation of President Ataturk in September last, in there are Christian groups large enough to sus- Istanbul, in which he set out to prove that Chris- tain such. Four Evangelical churches in Istanbul tianity had already penetrated among the Turkish continue their services as usual without hindrance. tribes by the second century after Christ. He is The question of Christian Sunday schools has convinced that the supposed Nestorians, who in- been more difficult, because of the name "school," troduced Christianity into China about the seventh which led the Government to classify them as un- century, were themselves Turks. He cites with authorized schools not under the Department of hearty approval the writings of Dr. Alphonse Public Instruction. Where Sunday schools are Mingana of the John Rylands Library at Man- known as Services of Worship for Children, they chester, England, who takes the same view re- go on unhindered. Another concession of the garding the early introduction of Christianity Government has been in allowing religious in- among the Turks.

struction to be given in day-schools where the Such studies, and the idea that many of the

A VISIT TO DUTCH NEW GUINEA

early Turks, before the days of Mohamm~~,:wer~ .it is certainly true that there is a more open- Christians will undoubtedly help counteract the .. minded attitude among them toward the claims nationalistic opposition to Turks bec9ming Chris- of Christ, especially if this can be dissociated tians today. We rejoice in all such light as can from any political connections with so-called be thrown on the early spread of" Christianity in Christian nations. Nationalism is still rampant Central Asia, as having ,~ direct bearing on the in Turkey and whatever presentation can be made attitude of the descendants .of those same Turks of the Gospel, it must be free fr.om any attempt today. to interfere with this. Thus we may hope for an While one cannot point to any wide-open door increasingly favorable reception of truth as re- among the Turks for the preaching of the Gospel, vealed in Christ.

o Q HaJmahelra /) U ('j THE DUTCH EAST INDIES-SHOWING MR. JAFFRAY"S RECENT JOURNEY TO DUTCH NEW GUINEA A Visit To Dutch New Guinea A Letter from R. A. JAFFRAY, Makassar, Celebes ~- Missionary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance W ITH the exception .of Greenland, New The trip to New Guinea and back to Makas- Guinea is the largest island in the world. sar took me twenty-four days, stopping en route I have recently returned from a visit to at fifteen different places, . three of which are this almost wholly unevangelized territory. Every in New Guinea. A map will show the location new tribe we reach with the Gospel adds a link of the three new fields that we have definite in the chain that will bind Satan for a thousand hope to enter with the glad Message of the years, and hastens his eternal doom. No wonder Gospel. Also in my possession I have a number he tries to hinder. of good pictures of native Papuans, most of which

are not presentable as originally photographed. million American dollars have already been ex- Our Bible School at Makassar is producing able pended at Babo. They evidently have faith for oil! Have we faith for souls from the interior of native Christian workers for the field, and we this great unknown, unworked field? At Babo it want to find new unreached fields in which they was a pleasure to meet Americans-geologists and can do pioneer work. We believe that the Lord aviators, who are working for the joint oil conwill provide the right men and women, mission- cern. They had flown over much of the interior of this part of New Guinea and gave me much in- formation about these' recently discovered areas, where we want to go with the Gospel message.

Again I felt that, if men for oil and for gold will leave all and go to the uttermost parts of the earth, why dO'-hot missionaries go with the Gos- pel? If they spend huge sums for that which will perish, why cannot we carry the imperishable Gospel to those Papuans of the interior who have never-dying souls to save? One hundred and twenty more Americans are expected to arrive at Babo during the year. When shall we begin to work for the precious souls of men who still sit in darkness and in the shadow of death?

We then sailed around to another port, the largest port of this part of New Guinea, Fak-fak.

One Chinese merchant said that he had heard me preach in Makassar ten years ago, during my first visit to Makassar.

Mr. Cator, the Assistant 'Resident, has done a deal of rough work for the Government in the in- terior of Borneo, and is now doing much the same kind of work in New Guinea. Modestly he told me of his experiences, by sea, by land, afoot through the jungle, and by air. He has discov- ered lakes in the interior, and many new tribes of Papuans hitherto unknown to the world, people who have never been to the coast, for there was no road from their villages to the coast until the Government made a trail. These people had con- sidered themselves the sole residents of this world.

A NEW GUINEA HOUSE OF BAMBOO, IN THE JUNGLES I had asked the Lord to lead me to the right people, in order to get what information was These houses are built from twenty to thirty feet above the ground, necessary to start Gospel work among these hith- for protection from their enemies.

aries from home and Chinese missionaries, to go erto unknown tribes. He surely answered prayer as His pioneers to these uttermost parts. and led me to Mr. Cator and others who knew the Our first stop, after leaving Makassar, was facts, and were willing to help. Mr. Cator prom- Ambon, a Christian island, the result of some ised to do all in his power to recommend us to the three or four hundred years' labor by Dutch mis- Government for permission to work in the newly sionaries. We had several important interviews, discovered lake regions. When one comes in the gathering valuable information regarding New name of the Lord, even to the borders of these Guinea, which is under the control of the Govern- lands where Satan has indisputable control, the ment of Ambon. Brigadier Woodward and his enemy tries hard to cast an indescribable gloom wife, of the Salvation Army, were very kind and over one's soul, and to destroy faith for the on- helpful. A number of earnest Chinese Christian ward triumph of the Gospel to every place where friends knew us, as they are readers of The Kalam Christ is not named. At this stage it all seems Hidoep (The Living Word), our monthly Malay such an utter impossibility.

magazine. The Papuan of the interior of New Guinea is Our course was eastward to New Guinea, and perhaps the most degraded of all the races of the first port was Babo, an oil town, though the mankind. He has sunk lower far than the Dyak, oil has not yet reached the surface. Some twenty "the wild man of Borneo." He is not only a head-

WHERE WEST MEETS E'AST-AN AIRPLANE LANDS AT BABO, DUTCH NEW GUINEA hunter, but a cannibal. He kills and eats his hu- for sin." The Christ of the Cross transforms men. man victim. Can the message of our Gospel save In New Guinea we also met Dyaks. We cQuld him? Can he too be transformed? We have seen the wild man of Borneo tamed, and become a never mistake them. They had been brought over humble, devoted follower of the meek and lowly to New Guinea by the oil concerns to work as Jesus-yes, thousands of them. But, can He save coolies. As I looked at them, and then at the and change the Papuan also? It is the supreme Papuans-like a flash of light it came to metest of the power of our Gospel. He has done it; Dyak evangelists from our Bible School will come He can do it; He will do it. over here, and teach these Papuans to love and trust, and to serve the wonderful Saviour that The man of the world, who does not know the they have found! The Dyaks I met were not transforming power of the Gospel, says that it Christians, but there are many of our Christian will take generations to raise these people out of Dyaks here in New Guinea, and we will yet find the deep mire of sin and superstition into which them. Yes, "the wild man of Borneo" will yet be they have sunk. But, as never before, I believe the bearer of the Message of Salvation to the still that the Gospel which we preach is "the power wilder man, the Papuan of the interior of New of God unto salvation to everyone who believeth." Guinea. A leading Dutch official, whom I met, By the Holy Spirit,this message of the Life, the was impressed with the idea, and heartily ap- Death and the Resurrection of the Lord Jesus proved of the missionary working with Christian will instantly transform and cleanse the vilest Dyak evangelists among ,the cannibals of New heart and life, even though a man be a pagan Guinea. cannibal of New Guinea. By believing in the Saviour, he becomes "a new creature" in Christ A clear distinction must be made between Jesus. As one has said, "The blackest, vilest, Dutch New Guinea and British New Guinea. most debased, most debauched,polluted, filthy, Also, it must be remembered that much noble unclean, hard-hearted, evil-tempered, lying, covet- work has already been done by the Dutch Misous, thieving, murderous, gray-headed sinner that sions, especially on the northeast coast of the ever tottered on this side of the grave, is reached island. One has said, using a rather unfortunate and broken, and wonderfully saved and trans- figure, that the Gospel has spread in some parts formed by Him Who hung between two. thieves of this northeast coast of New Guinea like an epi- demic! All credit to the brave men and women

who are working in these parts. Most of them, ing. Shall we let them sink, and not even give however, are far distant from the part of the them a warning call, or offer them the helping fields of which we are speaking. Some work on hand of full and free salvation that is to be found the southwest coast has been done, but it is mostly only in our Saviour, the Lord Jesus Christ? . in the port towns, and among the mixture of races who have settled there. Where we plan to go, no 3. The Wissel Lakes District one else has gone with the Gospel. We have made it quite plain to all with whom we have spoken These newly discovered lakes lie down the that we will not tread on the toes of any other southwest coast of New Guinea, and may now be missionary, for there is plenty of room. The reached from the little port called Oeta. With Roman Catholics are attempting a good deal of no little hardship, a way has been made from the work in Dutch New Guinea. coast to these lakes. The trail is not yet complete, but will be i~. better shape a little later his year. 1. The Amaroe Lake District Mr. Cator lost his way once when attempting to cut the trail through the jungle to the lakes. He This lake lies in the midst of the northernmost was deserted by his men and had to return to the part of New Guinea, known by the Dutch as coast, but finally made the perilous journey, and Vogel-kop, or Bird's Head. The lake forms, as it found a wonderland of three lakes, some 4,500 were, the eye of the bird. Lake Amaroe is reached feet above the sea, and a popUlation of some from the southern coast up the Kaiboes river. The 20,000 friendly Papuans. His last trip took him port town is Temin-aboeah. From this town, a three months and a half. Mr. Cator has since Government trail has been recently completed to made the trip by air, and has made further in- Lake Amaroe. It is not by any means an auto- vestigations, his hydroplane alighting on the lake. mobile road-only a trail, a walk of two or three He tells us that the people were not greatly excited days. "Rest Houses" have been provided on the by the sudden arrival of a hydroplane. The cliway. A garrison of 100 native soldiers and three mate around these lakes is very fine and he is Dutch officers with their wives are now stationed anxious that missionary work be opened among there. One of the three Dutch officers is a doctor. these people. They are of course primitive, still I was assured that a lady could be carried over living in the stone age, and know nothing yet of this road without trouble, as even a frigidaire and the use of iron. Like other such unknown races, a billiard table had been transported to the lake! they are uneducated and uncivilized, but they are by no means stupid. They are called the Kapauku The immediate population of Papuans around tribe which means the "Mountain Man." Other the lake is estimated at about 5,000, and there is tribes may be reached by motor boat up the rivers in the whole district a population composed of which, at times, can be traveled for 100 kilovarious tribes of about 15,000 or 20,000, no one meters. Let us pray till they are reached for Him. knows exactly how many. The chief tribe is called the Mention tribe. There seems to be no Here is another world to conquer for the Lord reason why missionaries may not go there as soon Jesus. Who will hear the call, for not only are as the proper Government permission is obtained. these people calling, but the Voice of the Lord is All along this southwest coast line of this north calling, saying, "Whom shall I send, and who will section of New Guinea there are rivers, along go for us?" Too many at home say, "Here am which there are peoples who know not that there I, and here I stay!" Who will say, "Here am I, is a Saviour. Lord, send me, even to New Guinea!"

2. The Island of Misool Over one hundred American men and women are coming to Babo, New Guinea, this year for This island lies off the south coast of northern oil. How many are coming to Misool, to the New Guinea in a southwestern direction. It has Amaroe Lake region, and to the Wissel Lakes an estimated population of 3,000, of whom two- plateau, to seekAost souls for the Lord Jesus? thirds are pagan tribes of the interior. The re- We will never ~rest till the missionary places his mainder are nominal Moslems, living in the coast feet on thisunteached soil, and claims it for the towns. No missionary work is being done at all Lord Jesus. 'lfhe missionary promise is, "Every in Misool. It seems to us to be the devil's island. place that the sole of your foot shall tread upon, We have been recommended by the Missions' Con- that have I given unto you." Let us ask, and ask sul at Batavia to take up work in Misool. The largely, for the Lord Jesus has already asked for island can most easily be reached from the south "the uttermost parts of the earth" for His poscoast of Vogel-kop (Bird's Head). Here is an- session. He has' also said, "All power is given other challenge. Dare we ignore it? If we let unto me in heaven and in earth-Go ye therefore these people sink and perish in their sins and superstitions, under the awful sp~ll of Satan's . . . and Lo! ·r am with you all the days, even power, are we to be held guiltless? They are sink- unto the end of the Age."

Church of Christ Challenges the

By the REV. DWIGHT J. BRADLEY Pastor of the Union Church in Boston, Mass.

I AM not sure that the word challenge is the one seems interested enough in them to speak to best word to use in this connection. I should them even though they live in the same building prefer the word invite, for, while the Church or lodging house. of Christ certainly does challenge the city in important ways, it invites the city in a way that is Such a condition of human relations constitutes far more important. This is the conviction de- a very definite challenge by the city to the Church. But instead of talking back to the city, as it were, veloped and matured through a good many years and telling the city how impersonal it is, and how of experience. sullenly it ignores the people who live in its area The word challenge suggests a tension, and a -instead of answering the challenge with a chal- kind of almost belligerent attack to resolve that lenge-I think that the Church must set about the task of creating within the city's area a kind of tension. The word invite suggests a kind of per- friendly oasis, so to speak: that is, a "nurturing suasion which, if persuasive enough and if heeded, fellowship."

could render belligerency unnecessary. While it Cities are strange creatures, and have been such would be cowardly to ignore tensions that actually from the time of Thebes and Babylon, Rome and exist between the Church and the city, the Church ancient Jerusalem. Cities bring out the best there may well exercise persuasive power to the utmost is in human beings, and also the worst. Cities in an effort to meet the challenge of the city, provide unsurpassed opportunities for intellectual, rather than to meet the challenge with a counter- resthetic and social creativity and enjoyment. On challenge which might make persuasion far less the other hand, cities tempt men to superficiality, effective in the future. vulgarity and social deterioration, such I;S the Putting this in another way the chief under- countryside or the village or the small town could never know. Thus, the city represents civilization taking of a city church ought to be that of active at its highest and at its lowest-and in about equal friendliness in all its relations, both with its parish measure. The city is like a great divinity and a neighborhood and with the city as a whole. One great beast at the same time. But whether diof my colleagues recently said that in his opinion vinity or beast, one thing the city of itself can the Church, especially the city church, should be never be; it cannot be a neighborhood, a fellowa "nurturing fellowship." The implications of ship, a community where men and women as a this apt description are many.

City life tends to be terribly impersonal. In whole may feel truly at home. If there are to be this regard it differs greatly from life in the coun- within the city, neighborhoods, a fellowship, a try and the small town. There are certain advan- community, then some other agency than the city tages to be found in the city's impersonality; must be responsible. I contend that of all the there is likely to be less gossip and less of that things a city church can do and must feel under barbarous cruelty which the too personal exist- obligation to do, this is the most important. ence in some village communities seems to encourage between individuals and groups when these There may be other agencies besides the Church are not under the rule qf Christ. But even so, that cando this, but. we are interested in the there come times when th~ city dweller, especially functiOn of the Church in doing its part in helping if he arrived originally from a small town, could human beings find their way into a simple, almost wish to hear some gossip, and would be friendly, sustaining, nourishing fellowship.. Our almost willing to take the risks of heartless mis- Christian conviction is that of all forms of fellowunderstanding, if only he or she might really know ship, the Church has the best to offer, since it is a someone well enough to be gossiped about, or even fellowship based essentially on the fellowship beto be subject to the torture of a sadistic tongue. tween God and men and women, made most pure and most wholesome by the presence of Jesus The pastor of a city church becomes used to hear- Christ. Here is something that cannot be found ing people complain wistfully that no one notices in any club, in any social settlement or in any them, or seems to care anything about them; no other association.

[333 ]

The Church, therefore, invites the city people problem of contemporary secularism made more into the fellowship of God through Christ, and in- complicated by all sorts of fugitive paganisms- to the fellowship of the body of Christ. It promises still each section or stratum of the city's life pre- an experience of real communion through wor- sents its own peculiar challenges. The Church ship, through prayer, through constructive and must know its own neighborhood well enough to helpful work, through happy self-expression, and be able to "spot" the situations definitely as they perhaps most significant of all through that sheer arise. Having "spotted" them, the Church must sense of being at h.ome which is what we all crave. know with whom to cooperate and how to render In seeking to provide this, the Church comes effectual aid.

up sharply against forces in city life, and these All this having been said, it ought to be repeated plainly throw down a challenge. These are some- that the chief business of the city church is to times so openly sinister that we realize that they create and ~aintain the nurturing fellowship, by constitute a menace to the very existence of the inviting the city people to enter, and by providing fellowship we are seeking to maintain. The that feeling of homely and friendly security which church in Boston to which I minister is surrounded human beings crave. If the Church develops any on every side by such forces: liquor shops, gam- illusions about being able to "save" the modern bling dives, cheap pool rooms, as wen as little city merely by engaging in schemes and move- pockets or nests of viciousness and hidden crime. ments for this or that reform, the time of disillu- One can literally feel the presence of evil; and sionment will not be long postponed. Salvation yet, in the midst of all this, there live people and by outward reform is found to fail; while the families of pure Christian quality; on the streets constant, quiet persuasive effort to redeem the are playing hundreds of children who are as yet city-not by some great stirring crusade nor even unsoiled by the filth of the environment. What by some spectacular evangelistic campaign, but can we do? We can invite these people and fam- by invitation and nurture and pastoral care.,–will ilies into the church fellowship; we can gather at do more to promote the Kingdom of God in the least some of these children into the Christian city than any "activism" could ever do.

community; but by doing no more than this we Reform is necessary, of course, and a certain have only begun to touch the problem that our amount of the Church's energy must be spent in neighborhood presents. such undertakings. And no city church can prop- Here is where Christian social action comes in. erly do its work as a nurturing fellowship unless The housing in our part of Boston is inexcusably it is constantly on the look-out for opportunities wretched. It is inexcusable that gambling, liquor to develop an interesting program of boys' and selling and hidden vice should flourish in seeming girls' club organization, games, plays and pag- security. It is inexcusable that children should eants, creative handiwork, week-day kindergar- be obliged to play in the streets where traffic is a tens, mothers' clubs, motion pictures, and all such constant menace. It is inexcusable that any city wholesome activities. These, however, should be should tolerate such outward squalor and such derivative aspects of the greater enterprise, which insidious evil. It becomes the duty of the Church, is the nurture of the fellowship through the Chris- therefore, to do whatever it can in cooperation tian community of worship, prayer and ever-in- with social agencies, with the police and the city tensifying faith in God's love as expressed through government, and with individuals and groups, to Jesus Christ.

fight back the encroachments of evil, and to make When I first entered my present field of work, a positive attack upon the network of problems raised by modern social decay and by a decadent it was thought that we might institute a kind of economic system and political corruption. To do religious experiment station in Boston's South this requires the wisdom of serpents as well as End. I have long since abandoned that notion. the harmlessness of doves. It requires courage A church must not be used as an experiment staand patience, backed up by common sense and tion, for it cannot become such without becoming a species of monstrosity. The people of a church Christian devotion, and implemented by the best are not "guinea pigs," upon whom an aspiring available knowledge of sociological and psycho- parson may tryout certain social and ethical thelogical, as well as practical political techniques. ories. Far from this, a church is a church whether In different sections of the city, the problems it be set down in a city or set up in a suburb or vary somewhat, at least in degree, from those we set out in a country town. And a church is a bit face in Boston's South End. In each case, in each of the Church-a cell in the Body of Christ. The parish, it is necessary to know what the problems task of the Church is fundamentally the same in are in order to be able to attack them with any all places: namely, the establishment on earth of effectiveness. While the underlying problem is a community as nearly as possible like the com- common to all sections of any modern city-the munity of Heaven.

"A CHARGE RATHER THAN A RETREAT"

The city throws down a challenge to the Church that the Church may find itself under moral oblito settle such a community in its midst, despite the gation also to make effective use of the knotted hindrances which city life inevitably puts in the cords as Jesus did. Nor does it preclude the posway. The Church best answers this challenge by sibility that the Church may let itself be led, by repeating in deed as well as word the invitation the city in its sin, to that Calvary of sacrifice and of Jesus to the whole world: "Come unto me, all suffering which, in the final term, always proves ye that labor and are heavy laden and I will give to be the spot from which the redemption of all you rest." This does not preclude the possibility earthly cities invariably comes!

"A Charge Rather Than a Retre,at"

I By the REV. RICHARD E. SCULLY, Ph.D., D.D.

1)1- Executive Secretary, Good Will Industries, Cincinnati, Ohio ~==============================~ I T IS notoriously true that the Church has he had a change of heart. This is what he says: tended to run away from areas that become a "Let us look now at another problem of city moral and spiritual wilderness, to fields where church work which cuts across the strategy, mes- the pastures were greener. In downtown Cin- sage, and program. It has to do with desire on cinnati a marked trend in the last thirty-five years the part of the churches to seek the greener pas- has been the merging or moving out of churches. tures which lie over the fence. For ten years we Especially has this been true in the west down- have been seeing a scramble on the part of all the town area. In this section sixteen Protestant denominations to pre-empt the locations in grow- churches have closed their doors. The chief fac- ing suburban communities where a future for tors that have contributed to this retreat are the Protestantism was bound to exist. The writer of shift of population and the economic inability of this paper was probably the most guilty of all men the present people to support churches. Such a at this very point. He went up and down his situation calls for "a charge rather than a re- bailiwick preaching over and over to people that treat." the huge investments of denominational money In his volume, "The Economic Sources of De- should be taken out of unproductive downtown nominationalism," Richard Niehbuhr has shown centers and should be located in productive sub- that from the beginning of Christianity the estab- urban home areas. Nor was this wholly untrue.

lished religious bodies have tended to neglect the On this basis the Society for which I work spent people called "disinherited." He gives many illus- many hundreds of dollars in producing a survey trations of this' process· of passing by these of the church work in the three counties served wounded people, "on the other side." by our' Society. The opening chapter of that book, Large tenement house sections are considered which had my entire sympathy and approval at unproductive from the standpoint of the Church, the time, was a discussion of a map which showed and a spirited debate has gone on whether to the areas in these three counties which probably spend missionary money in such areas, or in more would be the least productive places in which to promising fields. The other day a minister of a establish churches. By varied degrees of shading fine hill-top church remarked that the City Mis- these maps also pointed out the best of the happy sionary Society should stop sinking its money in hunting grounds and those in-between places hopeless areas, but should put it in newly devel- where there was a fair chance of livelihood. But, oped suburbs where people are building homes, somehow, I am not so greatly impressed with that and can afford to support the church. map. There is growing on me, instead, a feeling Without question new suburbs of the middle that churches should be erected and programs car- class people should be churched. Denominational ried on, not from the standpoint of whether a Boards will see to that. But, from the missionary successful church can be developed, but from the standpoint, whether we should take missionary standpoint of the need-condition of a community."

funds from blighted areas to put in more prom- In our more blighted areas, in Cincinnati, where ising fields is a serious question. The head of a the little ones have been called "The Children of city missionary society in a large city at one time the Shadows," we have not altogether made the was convinced that this was the best policy. Then mistake of deserting these areas where the need

was great. In fact, we have strengthened rather Visits also revealed the fact that there were than weakened our ministry in the basin 'of the many handicapped people, physically, mentally, as well as economically, and that these people city. wanted "not charity but a chance." Out of this At five different points, weak churches were need grew the Good Will Industries, with its workshops, offering work opportunities instead of combined into one charge, and a stronger per- alms. (See Frontispiece.) sonnel made possible by the uniting of funds, in addition, a deaconess assigned to each one of these In eighteen years almost three quarters of a combined charges, and a more able pastor ap- million dollars were paid in wages to handicapped pointed. Very good results have been obtained. people.

Another wise allocation of funds strengthened The little mission church has continued to the hands of a struggling little mission in the preach the Gospel through its Sunday services poorer section of the city. The church superin- and, in due "time, was able to build a beautiful tendent of missions, instead of spreading thin the little Gothic structure which has portrayed the funds that were available, concentrated them in beauty and dignity of religion. this one point where the need was outstanding. The result has been that there has grown up a Delinquency was recognized as being one of the strong church and missionary institution that great problems of this field, so the facilities minhas commanded the respect of the city. From a istering to boys and girls were greatly enlarged little struggling mission, with an annual budget in the way of play rooms, gymnasium, library, inof $2,200, it has grown to an institutional church dustrial clubs, art, music and character building with a budget running from ninety to one hun- activities. Now the Children's Settlement Departdred thousand dollars. This has happened in a ment registers about one thousand persons. field where eight other churches of that denomination have moved out, and eight other Protes- Through proper support and enterprise, other tant churches also. activities were made possible. The institution, seeing the plight of children in summer, on hot A survey of this great tenement house section city streets and in uncomfortable homes, with tuberculosis taking a large toll, purchased a onerevealed the fact that 95 % of the people were hundred-acre farm and established a fresh air camp for the children of the tenements. This was renters. The density of the population had so a boon, for the "children of the shadows" now increased that in comparison with a growing had glorious sunshine and beautiful country to suburb to the west, it was found that there were take the place of their dark homes. When Spring fifty-two times as many people per acre in the arrives the children can scarcely wait until they tenement house section as in the suburb of middle- can make the trip to their "country club," as Jane class people. Addams called her fresh-air farm for tenement house children. The Public Health Survey reported twice as much disease among the tenement house dwellers Still another need was apparent, and that was in this section as among those living in the proper housing of elderly people. One day an op- portunity presented itself when a former college suburbs and in separate homes. building was abandoned" and the building was of- The State Department of Charities and Cor- fered to the Good Will Institution for its use as a Home for Elderly People who could not purrection reported that 70 % of the inmates of hos- chase their way into an expensive home for the aged. Here they may live together in good felpitals, jails and workhouses came from this lowship, the only requirement being good charcongested area, and the census tracts show a acter and ability to pay room rent at a minimum majority of delinquency of the city is in this basin cost. area. In this "Wesley House," as it is called, town "In making a charge" on this blighted field, one meetings, entertainments and religious meetings of the first things which was done was to establish are held. The building was fortunate in having a playground for children who have no other parlors which afford a delightful place for fellowplace but the city streets and the near-by railroad ship meetings and entertainments. yards, always involving danger to life and limb. In all the activities of this work, established in While the little mission continued to preach the the West End of Cincinnati in 1918, religion has Gospel, supposedly to "the poor who heard it always been the motivating force. Contrary to gladly," yet not very much progress was made. the view of some social workers that you cannot The people had physical, social and economic carryon a religious enterprise with social work, needs to which the mission had paid little or no this institution has always maintained religious attention. services in all of its varied departments.

Discovering that many women were breadwinners in their families, and were forced to leave their children with neighbors who gave them inadequate attention, a Day Nursery was established.

THE POWER OF A WOMAN'S FAITH

It is, very difficult to judge the results. With- petitor to the pool room,. gambling joint, and quesout question many hear the Gospel gladly, and are tionable dance hall. happy to have a well-ordered church with good appointments for their own kind, not feeling at Here handicapped men and women find not only home in churches where fashion 'and culture a physical and ther~peutic value but also a moral count more. and spiritul value in earning their own way in the industrial department rather than being pau- Without question, too, rough-and-ready boys re- perized and morally broken by accepting relief. ceive something when they apply their hands in building aeroplane models, doing linoleum block When some of the younger people marry and work, building radios, and working in their Junior move off to the better suburbs, and still retain Achievement workshops. The boys also come in their interest in the church, one feels that the off the streets to play in game room and gymna- money invested and the seed sown in the tenement sium under efficient supervisors. house wilderness has not been sown in vain.

Without question there must be value in the set- This enterprise has come into being because a tlement social rooms, where young people meet City Missionary Society, instead of calling on a under right auspices to sing and play together in mission church to beat a retreat, gave it support good fellowship. Such a social room is a com- to make a charge.

The Power of a Woman's Faith* -~ I By the REV. GEORGE w. HINMAN, Foochow, China 1)Be- FAITH in the power of God has been the mo- mits that Madame Kung, by her faith in the fu- tive power of every social revolution which ture of China and her executive ability, has has brought nearer the realization of the vis- greatly helped her distinguished husband in the ion of better things. And it has been frequently remarkable reorganization of China's finances. the faith of women which has helped the world The third daughter, Madame Chiang Kai-Shek, in the midst of danger and discouragement, still has borne witness to her Christian faith. The to endure and to struggle against pride and power story of her rescue of her husband, supPo.rted by and greed, against the aggressors, the tyrants faith and Io.ve, has become like the message o.f the and the exploiters. stars: "There is no speech nor language where their voice is not heard. Their sound is gone out There is no reason to doubt that the faith in the through all the earth, and their words to. the end heart of Madam Soong, a humble Chinese woman, of the world." It is literally true that the testiliving in restricted circumstances with her hus- mony of Madame Chiang, and her brave and reband in western America, inspired and stimulated sourceful work in rescuing her husband from his ,the faith of her three daughters, who became captors in Sian, has gone out thro.ugh all the earth. Madame Sun Yat Sen, Madame H. H. Kung, and One American paper paid more than fifteen tho.u- Madame Chiang Kai-Shek. They have, in their sand dollars for the publication rights of the turn, brought a new and unquenchable faith to story. That may be regarded as an indicatio.n of so many men and women of the new China. How how pro.foundly it interested all the rest of the much the Chinese owe to that humble woman, wo.rld. who first learned the source of all faith in a little Christian school in America, where the overseas Students of Chinese history know that this is Chinese were welcomed and taught the spirit of not the first or the o.nly time when a wo.man's faith' Jesus Christ! and courage have profoundly affected the future of the nation; but probably never before have History has not yet recorded the great share such faith and courage been motivated by such taken by the oldest daughter, Madame Sun Yat trust in Him "who hath showed strength with His Sen, in upholding the faith of her husband, the arm," the Almighty God and Father of all men, founder of the Chinese Republic. Everyone ad- who is the defense of the weak, and the champion of the poor and the humble. All men of every * Part of a baccalaureate sermon preached to the graduating class land should be glad that General Chiang wa:s great at Hwa Nan College, January 2, 1938, by Dr. G. W. Hinman of the American Board MiSSion, Foochow, China.

enough to recognize and acknowledge the Chris- me I" Mary's joy at the message of the angel is tian faith and resourcefulness of his wife, and to paralleled in the lives of myriads of women who record that obscure verse in Jeremiah (31: 22), feel just as truly that the Lord has called them found in his daily Bible reading: "The Lord hath to definite service. created a new thing; a woman shall protect a man." The reason why women have a special power to save their country and society by their faith is But it was not altogether a new thing. Ever that their faith is not uncertain and wavering. since the days when Deborah "arose as a mother Origen, one of the successors of the apostles in the in Israel" and sang the song which is recorded early Christian church, said: "Christians hold the for us in Judges 5: 1-23, down to the days when world together." It is even more true that Joan of Are, that peasant girl of seventeen, women hold the world together, by their unrallied the crushed and demoralized French quenchable faith in ideals. Women are conservaarmies, and led them to victory and to the crown- tive in the be~t sense. They "hold fast that which ing of King Charles VII-throughout all the his- is good" in human relations. One philosopher has tory of civilized men, nations have again and taught that the development of the sense of moral again been saved through a woman's faith and obligation in the human race began with the inleadership. creasing dependence of children upon their mother, and her increasing response of protection Nor do we need to go back to remote history to and care. Though the males of animals forget find instances of the power of a woman's faith. and desert their young, the mothers show, with One of the Shanghai papers has just issued a spe- each advancing step in evolution, an increasing cial supplement reporting the faith and courage faith in the future of their offspring and an inof the Chinese women in this critical period of creasing responsibility for their preservation and China's history. The paper begins with a glow- care. ing editorial saying: "The glory of the Chinese woman, as exemplified by her heroic deeds and Another reason why we are so often saved unselfish devotion to duty while her beloved coun- through a woman's faith is that women are not try fights for its very existence, will live forever only more sensitive to the "voices," as was Joan in the history of the Chinese nation." In a text- of Are, and more steadfast in following their dibook which every middle school student in Foo- rection, but also more daring in what they atchow reads, written by a woman teacher in your tempt in carrying out the call of duty. Nowadays neighbor school, we are told of the faith of Kath- we have become accustomed to the march of solerine Wright, who helped her brothers to carry diers following the drum beat. But not only in through one of the greatest inventions of all ,times, these critical times – always in fact, there have the aeroplane. There is also given the story of been many women as well as men who "dared to Edith Cavell, who nursed the soldiers in the World walk to the beat of the drum that they alone heard, War and gave her life because she helped the and who kept step with that drum regardless of wounded prisoners to escape from the German circumstances." The faith in God that "endures army. Her faith in the cause of the allies, and to the end" is found perhaps more frequently her witness that we must have not only patriotism among women. The courage that dares and enbut love for our enemies, was one of the greatest dures is the central pillar of the home and the lessons to the world that came out of the Great nation. War. Women are the champions of faith, because The reason why the faith of a woman has so their lives are always an expectation of "the joy often been the decisive factor in the success of a set before them" (Hebrews 12: 2), in the birth man or a nation, is that women more often than of children and the successful growth of those men feel in their hearts: "The Spirit of the Lord children in the world. Even if they do not receive is upon me." They may not often express the the promises, "they have seen them afar off, and message in words. There are not many like Jane were persuaded of them, and embraced them" Addams, Maude Royden and Muriel Lester, who (Hebrews 11: 13). Beyond their own families can publicly proclaim their faith in peace and women are thus led to be the guardians of faith in righteousness and social justice; but, even though a better world, the preservers of all that is good, voiceless in public assemblies, many women yet and the prophets of that which is better just know that they are "anointed to bring good ti., ahead. dings to the meek, to bind up the broken hearted, to proclaim liberty to the captives, to comfort all The failure of the Church after nineteen centhat mourn." How many women, in their hearts, ~uries to occupy the world more completely is due, rejoice to sing, in the words of that old Negro III large part, to the failure to fulfill Christ's hymn, "I know the Lord has laid His hands on prayer that they might all be one.-Daniel A. Poling.

A Christian Martyr From

The Story of a Tibetan Who Died for Christ -ef I By ALFRED D. ZAHIR, an Indian Christian I j3t-.- ~============================~I JESUS CHRIST has the power to draw out of which the Christian preached. The wdrds en- men the best there is in them. Out of Simon, tered the heart of Shunar, and made him think of the hot-headed, impulsive fisherman, He drew religion as he had never thought before. the steady man of rock. Out of fiery John, the son of thunder, He drew the man of tender, strong "What can this saying mean," he thought as the love. Ever since that clouds received Him out of Christian delivered his message? "My religion teaches that we may not look for any peace in this men's sight, He has been drawing men of all ages world, nor seek for any comfort of soul until we and of all climes. Men of every rank, high and have attained nirvana (the complete extinction of low, in every nation savage and civilized, in every desire). Who is this teacher who says: 'Come generation of all these centuries have felt the unto me and I will give you rest.' " thrill of His power, and followed Him at the cost With such thoughts troubling his mind, and of all that men hold most dear. How wonderfully real this power of the Saviour is, and how won- arousing his curiosity Shunar forced his way to derful and complete the transformation that takes the Christian preacher, and conversed with him place is well illustrated in the case of Shunar, an on the subject of sin and salvation. He obtained orthodox Buddhist who became a Christian, and a copy of the Tibetan New Testament and a few followed his Master to death. tracts to carry with him.

The story of Shunar comes to us through a well- A few days study of the Word of God, and hours of thought on the question of religion, soon con- known evangelist working in a dark corner of vinced him of the reality of sin and its deadliness. India. He was the native of a viUage on the It was a source of joy to think that the power of borderland of Tibet. His father being a rich man, Jesus Christ could free him from its bondage. owning extensive property in land and cattle, He decided that he would give up everything and Shunar lived in luxury and, like most aristocrats be His disciple. He realized that suc,h a step of his country, considered work below his dignity. would involve him and the whole family in great The little education he had received did not equip difficulties, and in all probability spell his ruin, him for any profession, nor elevate his character so he decided to say nothing to his parents until above the level of that of the average uncultured his changed life prompted their curiosity, and Tibetan. His unprincipled life was very largely might gradually lead them to the knowledge of the result of the careless and easy way in which his new faith. he had been brought up,and also of the undesirable society in which he moved. As he became more and more convinced of the truth of the Gospel, Shunar became a totally dif- Despite the fact that he possessed a strong reli- ferent man. From the licentious libertine and gious instinct, he had from his very boyhood godless infidel that he used to be, he now became shown a distinct tendency to be apathetic towards a dutiful and obedient son, a faithful and devoted the religion of his own people. A growing dis- husband, and a thoughtful and conscientious regard for the religion of his own country, and worker, dealing justly with his clients and sub- total ignorance of any other, cut him loose from ordinates. all spiritual moorings, and tossed him on to the Christ produces not merely a superficial change, sea of irreligion and impiety. The life of dissipation led during these years made him a profli- but a revolution in character. He not only alters gate and an out-and-out infidel. Shunar, one day, a man's life but creates an entirely new perheard a Christian preaching the Gospel in a near- sonality. The phrase "new birth" is not the- oretical hyperbole, but a fact. Men irretrievably by village. That was the first time he had ever bad, cold and indifferent become good, warm- heard of any religion other than his own. hearted and ardent seekers after the "lost."

"Come unto me all ye that labor and are heavy- Shunar's new life attracted everybody's attenladen, and I will give you rest" was the text on tion, and became a subject of popular comment [339 ]

amongst members of the community. Some said Christian friends across the frontier; there he it was a touch of lunacy, some that he was pos- expressed his whole.,.hearted devotion to the Lord sessed of a ghoul or devil; others that some enemy Jesus, and was admitted as a member of the had cast a spell of magic on him, and had thus Christian Church.

contracted his ruin. Day ·after day they watched On his return home, the retiring young man be- him, and offered sacrifices on his behalf, praying came so bold and energetic that he went about, that he might return to his normal condition. openly declaring that he was a Christian, and When many days passed and no change seemed to wished that everybody else would be the same.

come over Shunar's new manner of Hfe, his father' Whenever there was an opportunity he told men accosted him one day as he was returning from of Christ, and urged them to accept Him as their the fields, and said: Guru, or Lord.

"Tell me, my son, does all go well with thee, or Shunar's evangelistic zeal now disturbed the art thou overburdened with secret care, oo,trou- peace .of the"iamily, and they attempted to draw bled by some fell disease? Unlock thy heart to him away from the "strange deity" he had de- thy father and let the Ups speak nothing but the cided to follow. Once when his mother tried to truth." reason with him on the subject, Shunar explained These touching words almost brought tears to his position in the following characteristic way: the young man's eyes. Drawing close to his par- "Mother, supposing we all went on a journey of ent's side Shunar placed his hands on his shoul- a dark night, and I was appointed to carry the ders and answered: light. Do you think I would so hide the light be- "No father, I have no trouble hor sorrow of hind my cloak as to darken the path for the rest any kind; in fact I am happy as I never was be- of you? Would I not hold it high above my head fore in all my life. And do you know why? Be- so as to lead you in safety? You and I have all cause I have discovered the true source of been travelling in the darkness of a dead religion.

happiness. " But in His great mercy God has revealed to my "What is that?" inquired the father eagerly. eyes the Face of the Sun of Righteousness. He "It is faith in the Lord Jesus," answered Shunar can shine upon your lives just as He does on mine with a ring of joy in his voice. "As long as I be- today to fill them with true happiness. Can you lieved in our old form of faith I was so uneasy expect me then to hide the secret of this joy in my that I often felt desperately sick of life. I real- own heart, and not wish that your minds might ized that I was going from bad to worse every also be enlightened and your souls saved? A day, and yet there was nothing that could keep great peace has entered my heart since the day me from going wrong. I am not going mad; the I gave myself to Jesus. I desire now that you change you notice in me is the result .of the new may have this rich treasure too, and may know hope that has entered my heart, and the new hope the joy of possessing Him."

is the outcome of the new faith I have adopted." But to his kinsmen, Shunar's religious zeal These words were calmly spoken, but they en- seemed something to be feared and hated. After . kindled a fire within the angry parent's heart. they had tried various ways to win him over, and "So you have proved that after all you are mad; found them unsuccessful, they resorted to stricter I shall see that this madness of yours does not go measures, and persecuted him by burning his relitoo far." gious books; forbidding his friends to visit him; cursing and scolding him whenever he mentioned So saying he walked away and left Shunar de- Christ, and treating him more as a menial than bating the wisdom of the words he had just a member of the family. When these methods spoken. He was sad all that day, thinking that also pr.oduced no effect they adopted harsher he had hurt his father by telling the truth so measures, making him an outcaste and putting bluntly. But his sadness was overcome by a feel- him out of the baradari, or brotherh.ood. They ing of joy that entered his heart. dispossessed him of his property, and finally beat him and dr.ove him from home. With the confession of his faith in Christ he felt that the curtain .of doubt and uncertainty had When Shunar had been rendered homeless and been lifted off his people's minds, and that they penniless, some of his friends counselled him to now knew the secret of the change in his life. leave the district and to go elsewhere where he With this feeling also came the joy of having would be immune from further persecution, and made the first public confession of his faith in could live in comparative safety. Jesus. The conviction grew stronger and stronger that if he was to grow in grace, and would enjoy To such friends Shunar's answer was: the blessings of his knowledge of the Great "I have been called that I might bring the rest Saviour he must share that knowledge with of my countrymen to Christ, and might lead them others. Acc.ordingly he went to pay a visit to his to the knowledge of His saving grace. Do you

A CHRISTIAN MARTYR FROM TIBET

then advise me to turn traitor to my Lord, and started throwing more earth into the hole, and forego the wonderful privilege of serving Him? buried him to the neck. Then they inquired again That can never be, even if I must die for His if he was still willing to renounce Christ, and so sake." secure his release. A heavenly smile pervaded his gentle face as Shunar opened his lips and replied: Driven from home, Shunar went about from village to village, proclaiming the Name of his "Please yourselves my friends, and do to me Saviour, and enduring all manner of trials and whatever you will. After all it is only my body temptations. Wherever he went troubles pursued you can torture, for you cannot touch my soul and his faith was tried in the fire of suffering. which is my real self. The same is eternal and Often as he stood preaching round street corners everlasting." and other public places, men would angrily abuse him and his religion. Others would pelt him with At this they kicked his head, and marred it so dirt or stones, or even buffet him and push him that his face could be hardly recognized. RealIzfrom his place. The humble Christian scarcely ing that his end was near and the strength of his ever said a word, but blessed them in return for body fast declining, the faithful Christian opened the treatment they gave him. his mouth for the last time and said: As Shunar grew richer in Christian experience "I see the gates of heaven open before my eyes, his all-absorbing passion was to win men to Christ and I am soon to enter therein. Do you, my and save their souls. His love for the Master friends, think that yoU: are killing me? You canfilled him with great enthusiasm to proclaim His not kill me for I am soon to enter another life ::Name with greater courage, and to endure the which is a thousand times more glorious than the loss of all things for His sake. But his country- one you are now taking from me. You are tormen noticed no change in his attitude, the opposi- turing me to death because I sought to lead men tion to him gathered great volume, and his haters to Christ. Mark my word, more souls will find planned to kill him, and thus rid the country of Him through my death, than my life has ever won his "baneful" influence. for Him; and so my joy is great."

One day, as Shunar was returning from a cer- No murmur of pain or hatred came from his tain village, a gang of men waylaid him, bound lips. Those that stood by saw no shadow of his hands behind his back, and drove him to a anguish on his face; only the earnest eyes raised lonely place. Here they had digged a deep narrow to heaven, and the angelic tenderness and strength pit in which they made him stand upright; they covering the whole countenance. So Shunar went filled the pit with earth, thus burying him to the to be with his Lord in Paradise. waist. A great silence crept over the gathered group. "Now," said one man harshly, "take your choice. Promise now that you will solemnly renounce Men who had been railing at the Christian, and your accursed religion, and never speak of the kicking at his head, were awed and filled with a new dewta (god) you worship; or be prepared touch of remorse. For a few minutes not one for death." moved, and the silence grew more intense. Then as though waking from a dream, one of the crowd The suffering Christian remained perfectly calm heaved a deep sigh and walked away. Others did as the men railed at their victim and made likewise. Hard hearts had been touched and the fun of his religion. When several minutes had patient suffering of the innocent Christian had passed, and the sufferer made no answer, his spoken to their souls. Later the martyr's prophsilence incensed his persecutors, and spurred ecy was fulfilled and we are told that twenty-five them to greater brutality. One of them gave him men became Christians at heart, and openly cona violent kick and ordered him to speak; others fessed their faith in Christ.

A Church which is not at heart a missionary Church, which is concerned chiefly with its own selfish interests and has little desire to extend its messages to others, is not the Church of the Gospel or the Master. Christians should be the first to recognize that yet today we have the spectacle of secular states on fire with missionary enthusiasm and rejoicing in every ex- pansion, no matter what the cost, setting an example to a self-centered and lukewarm Church.

Moreover, such states are also paying great attention to the training of the young, thus in- suring a rising generation to carry forward the cause. In the Church we hear on every hand the complaint that there are few to take the places of the devoted Churchmen of the older generation who are now too rapidly passing from the scene; and, if that be true, the Church is facing a dubious future. BISHOP OLDHAM.

OPEN-AIR MEETING-LISTENING TO THE "GOOD NEWS" NEAR THE PElNNSYLVANIA RAILROAD STATION, NEW

Outdoor Evangelism for the City By J. ARTHUR SPRINGER, New York Director of Evangelism, Nation.al Bible Institute PROBABLY the very first preacher of the have been saved by God's grace and commissioned Word of God in history was an outdoor to take the Gospel to the whole world! What are speaker. It may have been Enoch, or Noah, we doing about it? but in any case the preaching was probably done In the city of New York there are over 7,000,000 out of doors. Some of the greatest preachers of souls in the small area of approximately 310 all time have been outdoor speakers. Think of square miles. This includes over one million per- Elijah, of John the Baptist, of the Apostle Paul, sons of Italian descent, almost a million more of and of our Lord Jesus Christ himself, preaching Russian descent, and over 450,000 of Polish ex- to large crowds under the open sky – and with traction. Altogether, some five million New York- telling effect. Nearer our own day, John Wesley ers are of foreign white stock. In addition, there and George Whitefield addressed great throngs of are more than 300,000 Negroes, and over 2,000,- people in the open air. 000 Jews, most of them without Christ. Less than Think of the great centers of population, par- 2,500,000 New Yorkers profess any Christian ticularly in North America. There were in the affiiliation and not over 600,000 are members of United States, according to the latest census evangelical churches.

(1930), thirteen cities having a population in Here is a great mission field and one of the most excess of 500,000 persons, containing seventeen open fields in the world. It is a strategic field, as percent of the population of the country, or a total New York not only has the largest concentration in excess of 20,000,000 persons. Cities of over of population, but is also the gateway to the coun- 100,000 population, ninety-three in number, con- try, and wields a great influence over the whole tained more than 36,000,000 persons, over twenty- land.

nine percent of the entire population. The vast Only a small fraction of the population attend majority in these great concentrations of people any place where the Gospel of Christ is preached are undoubtedly without Christ and therefore in its fulness for salvation. There are nearly without life. What a challenge this is to all who 5,000,000 in the city who make no public profes- [342 ]

OUTDOOR EVANGELISM FOR THE CITY

INDOOR GOSPEL MEETING–LOOKING INTO THE JERRY McAULEY CREMORNE' M.ISSION, NEW YORK sion of Christ; few of the others ever attend a result is that perhaps half a dozen are going on Christian service. These "unchurched" will not simultaneously, each within earshot of the rest. come to church services to hear the Gospel. If A similar situation, although perhaps less aggrathey am to be reached we must go to them! This vated, exists now in other parts of the city. means preaching the Gospel on the streets, supplemented to some extent by evangelistic adver- Borough Hall, Brooklyn, still is a favorite spot tising on billboards, subway cards, and even by for the preaching of the GDspel. Mr. Scott Asskywriting from airplanes, and by house-to-house pinall, who has been preaching the Gospel on the visitations. Such methods are expensive, either in streets of New York approximately forty-four time or money. Large numbers of people who are years, has used this location to great advantage. without Christ but without a clear understanding of the Gospel can be reached through outdoor Wall and Nassau Streets, in the heart of Manevangelistic meetings such as are conducted in hattan's great financial district, was for many, New York under the auspices of many different many years the site of at least one daily outdoor groups of Christian workers. preaching service. Every business day the "Bishop of Wall Street" and other men who have succeeded Columbus Circle, where Broadway and Eighth him spoke here during the lunch period at noon Avenue cross at Fifty-ninth Street, was formerly to the assembled crowd of messengers, bank one of the choice locations for Gospel preaching. clerks, and dignified financial men. Great inter- Immense' crowds would gather to listen to the est was shown in these meetings which were story of the Cross. In recent years, however, almost regularly attended, at least for a consider- Columbus Circle has become the meeting place for able period, by crowds running up into the hun- dreds. This best of all noonday locations was groups of all sorts including Communists and closed for outdoor preaching early in 1937. others who are unfriendly to Christ. Police and traffic regulations have restricted the use of the One of the agencies that has been most prom- Circle, and for the greater part of the week all inently active in outdoor evangelistic work in meetings must be held within a small area. The New York City so far in the twentieth century is The National Bible Institute. For thirty-one

years this agency for Christian education and service man, who was also intoxicated, took excep- evangelization has maintained a persistent wit- tion to the manner in which the American flag was ness for Christ on the streets of the metropolis, displayed in the meeting. He took it upon him- from a Gospel car, or more often from a small self to move the flag and place it in front of the portable platform. Hundreds of locations have speaker. As it would have been very disadvanta- been occupied in the five boroughs of the city by geous for him to attempt to speak with the flag students and other representatives of the Insti- between himself and the' audience, the speaker tute. During 1937, over one thousand outdoor moved the flag to another spot. This angered the meetings were held. ex-service man and he made considerable trouble.

Last July a Christian young man was talked Some young "roughs" came into the meeting and with after a meeting, who had received his one of them snatched the flag from the hand of Christian training in a Christian school in Tien- the worker who was holding it. It was recovered tsin, China. The young man'sf~tb~r was·a cap- by the speaker, but shortly one of these young tain in the army and the youngman, himself, was men came up behind him and struck him on the taking examinations for Wel'lt Point. Another head with a piece of glass fastened in a metal man dealt with at the same meeting was a young frame, breaking the glass over his head. This in- Jew, a graduate of Cornell University, who was in- cident was the means of bringing four men in the terested in sociology and criminology. He ad- audience to accept Christ.

Outdoor evangelistic work cannot be done by everyone. Often there are efforts made to break up the meeting. It is a very difficult field of evangelistic activity and those who engage in it should have care- ful training, and experience .with other qualified leaders. The leader of an outdoor meeting should know how to handle a crowd of people composed mostly of men. He should know what things to say and what things to leave unsaid. Heshould know how to deal with hecklers and intoxicated persons. He should know the Gospel thoroughly and should also know how to present it REACHING A LARGE AUDIENCE WlTH THE GOSPEL to others in the midst of difficulties and distractions. He should know at Madison Square, New YC)rk City, in overcoat weather. Daily noon meetings how to illustrate his talks with anec- are still held here by the National Bible Institute dotes. He should know when to mitted that he was confused. He said he believed pray in public. He should know how to reply in God but could not see his way clear to accepting when asked embarrassing or irrelevant questions.

Jesus as his Saviour. This young man's case He should have an abundance of God-given wis- shows clearly the need for the preaching of the dom, tact, and love. * Gospel and the opportunity that lies before the If the people of New York and other cities are Christian people of America and especially of to hear the Gospel, it must be taken to them by New York City to give the Gospel out of doors to those who have experienced its blessings in their those who are in darkness and confusion, their own lives. The need is great because our cities minds blinded by Satan. abound with sinners who do not know the Lord Perhaps one of the most dramatic outdoor meet- Jesus Christ and the Gospel of His saving grace.

ings conducted during the 1937 season was held The privilege we have to be ambassadors for the evening of June 28th at 65th Street and Christ is great, but our responsibility to the Lord Broadway. A previous meeting had just been who has redeemed us and commissioned us to concluded at 73rd Street and Broadway and two carry His Gospel to the world about us is even of our workers had just commenced a second serv- greater.

ice at nine forty-five p. m. This second meeting • The National Bible Institute recognizes the need for special was one long to be remembered. It was inter- training along these Jines, and offers courses in its day and evening rupted successively by two women, both of whom schools in both General Evangelism and Personal Evangelism so that were under the influence of liquor. Then an ex- those who wish instruction may be prepared for the ministry of evangelism. Special attention is paid in the course· in General Evangelism to the problems which are constantly met in outdoor preaching in the city:

"Unofficial" Missionary to

I —!{if By KROUM STOYANOFF, Sofia, Bulgaria IJ5t— TEAVING America to work as a Christian min- These people, whose way of thinking had Lister in my home land, many ideas whirled changed little since the Ecumenical Councils of in my mind as in a kaleidoscope-ideas and the seventh century when the stronger party in a pictures which different teachers ~ad impressed religious discussion was always considered right.

on me in the Seminary. I kept seeing chapels, The view of the Holy Synod is so involved in this pipe organs, beautiful and simple church services ancient conflict, and this view has so much to do full of religious depth; statistical graphs and with the political history of this country, that the questionnaires; ideas for or- idea of God had to shrink ganizations wit h i n the until He became a small church; ways of working Mr. Stoyanoff is a native of Bul- tribal God. To enter the with people outside the garia and a Bulgarian citizen. He Orthodox Church meant to church; personal and social has a Bulgarian wife who has never compromise and appear to work. I was full of hope con- been outside of the country, al- favor things which I could cerning the religious fervor though she received her education not accept. of the people with whom I at the American College in Sofia. Nor could I go about and was to work, but I wondered After an early training in the preach apostle-like from vilhow one could succeed in a American Mission schools, Mr. lage to village. I saw that land which, as I well knew, Stoyanoff went to America to com- much more can be accomhad long been antagonistic plete his education and acquired a plished by living with people to the Protestant Church. thorough training in the best Amer- for a longer time; not only In the name of Christ, preaching to them but also what course should I follow ican style. He "worked his way" giving them an example in through three years of high school, in Bulgaria? Should I work through college, and finally three Christian living. I believe with this Protestant Church years of Seminary training – no in the Church and so decided or should I leave it and work easy accomplishment even for one to work through the Protat large, living. apostle-like, whose native language is English. estant Church. I knew about traveling and preaching? Having been away ten years, and its many handicaps and that Should I work with the dom- having visited the length and it was dragging behind a inant Orthodox Church, if it breadth of the United States, he little. Yet this is the one would permit me? These returned to his own land (which is organization through which questions turned over in my no larger than Ohio, with about the I could try to carry out the mind as I traveled home- same population) to work among message of Christ for today.

ward. The political unrest his own people. This was two years When I reached Sofia I re- in Europe reflected itself in ago. The following article tells ceived a letter from a church dark colors over Bulgaria. about his experiences as "a Bul- in a small town asking be to The situation in the Balkans garian missionary to Bulgaria," in preach. A month later I left was growing worse every an unofficial capacity. for Assenovgrad, a small day. How was I to obey town built in the canyon of the command of Christ? the river Chai, one of the As soon as I entered the country most of these main tributaries of Bulgaria's largest river, the questions cleared themselves up. I could not work Maritza. The church looked like an ordinary with the Orthodox Church. Most of its leaders small house. Inside, it was one large room with had so much prejudice toward everything that seats for about 100 people. On the platform was differed from their own thinking and practice an old, worn-out pulpit. At the right stood an old that I could not convince them that I had anything portable organ and at the left a shelf of torn to give. They said, books. Above the pulpit hung two large gold- "It is true that the young people refuse to go to painted frames enclosing scripture passages. On church, but with compulsion they can be forced that Sunday morning about thirty people came to go." to hear my sermon on The Great Need of Faith.

[345 ]

The next day I climbed a near-by mountain and ister, in his name, to the needy, hungry, and destilooked at that small town with its crooked streets, tute. These ideas did not enter their hearts very its river and bridges, its many Orthodox churches, readily. Their life outside of church continued its forty-two shrines built on the cliffs around the to be the same as the life of the people who never town. .I loved it and wanted to work there. It listened to these things. seemed to me it would be glorious to try to understand the problems of these people and to help The interests of these people were very narrow. them, to love them, and constantly, little by little, They seldom read anything but the local daily show them the light of Christ which made me rest- paper-a one-page affair. They spent their time less till I should share it with all people. I was criticizing their neighbors. This constant gossip asked to be their minister, and entered upon this is the most cruel torture of small town life; it new work with all the zeal and enthusiasm of one makes life petty. With this in view, and because who for ten years had been preparing for just I received many papers from abroad, I arranged this task. hours when news of the world could be discussed. But I discovered they were not interested. Noth- Discovery-The First Year ing interested them except their own way of liv- ing, the welfare of their homes, the enlarging of My first year was full of illuminating trials and their business, the buying of another field. Anyerrors and discoveries. It began with sermons thing which interfered here they were ready to that took me a whole week to prepare. Later on crush and destroy. How could I work with such I advertized throughout the town and gave a series people? They wanted the church to give them of sermons for "outside" people. only peace and contentment when Christ was beckoning them to a new way of life. Very early I discovered a situation which gave me my first project. I found that there was an- Some of the people understood what I was tryother small Protestant group in that town, calling ing to do, and at the same time I was learning itself the Church of God, and having nothing to many new things. I began to understand how do with our church. Such a division seemed deeply the Church was a part of the life of these strange in a town which was already unfriendly people. I understood also how the special Church to Protestantism. As I made inquiries, hoping to terminology, which may be useful for the transunite these two insignificant groups, I discovered mission of theological doctrine, neither excited that the fault was not all on one side. In both their imaginations nor influenced their lives. Most there were some old people who held personal of the church-going people of Bulgaria felt that grievances against members of the other group, they had already "heard" the Word of God, and and they were determined not to allow any re- that God had no new word for them in this day. union. Hence I stopped pressing the matter for They would not be convinced that Christianity the time being, hoping that the future would see today has to compete with communism and nathe situation cleared up. tionalism; they did not think Christ had any word to say about these things. For them Chris- The more I worked with these people, the more tianity spoke only of the life to come and had little I became sure that for many of them the Old to say about life today. Testament was the center of the Bible. They seemed hardly to have understood the meaning of While I was learning much, the people of As- Christ's life and of his death. They had made senovgrad heard Christian teachings in termiof God a very strict, narrow-minded, doctrinal and nology strange to their ears, and teachings that revengeful being. It reminded me of the "right- were strange to them about this life. They were eous Bostonians and citizens of Salem" who making up their minds whether they wanted to wanted to purge their country of sorcerers. Here continue hearing this type of Christian truth also there seemed to be many who were sniffing which tended to disturb their slumber. They may the air for heretical teachings and who were ready have learned a little, but I was the chief learner. to throw heretics into the fire. I realized the great need of sacrifice by us who teach the life of Christ, and I saw also the great But these people had called me to work with need of his Gospel in the world of today. The them. I had to become a patient teacher, as one people decided to ask me to stay. who would teach the beginnings of mathematics to little children, hoping that by and by they So I started the second year in Assenovgrad would understand the higher mathematics. I surer of my position and of the Gospel which must talked about the love of God, love which we need touch the lives of these people. In order to build so much, love which will heal bruised souls, love anything on an old site, be it a house or a way of which will clear the poisonous atmosphere which thinking, some pulling down is necessary. But suffocates Europe today. I told them that we shall this process is always painful to some. As I see God not in the clouds, not in the smoke in the started "building the Kingdom of God," I had to church, but when they search for Him and min-

AN "UNOFFICIAL" MISSIONARY TO BULGARIA

find the best method of clearing away the type of long ago that inward beauty was most important.

Christianity which seemed to affect their lives in Almost no one saw the need I saw, except an a way which was not helpful. This Christianity, architect friend who drew a plan for the interior.

which had lost its passion for "preaching into the With the money from the English lessons, a part world," becoming only a state of mind, was futile of the plan was carried out: the pulpit was re- to affect the life. It was necessary to change that painted, the church yard was beautified, the young way of thinking and in its place build another people's hall was enlarged and redecorated. Fi- way, new, clear, shining, dynamic. To this I di- nally the church bought a beautiful little organ, rected my efforts during this second year. the best of its kind that had ever come to Bulgaria.

Soon I became familiar with the "secrets" of Fortunately there happened to be in the town a their special terminology. I realized when it was musician friend whom I had known in America. possible to use new words to impress some Chris- With his help our church services were modified tian truth on their minds, and when it was best considerably. to put the new truth in the old terminology in After the arrival of the organ we gave a con- order not to awaken suspicion. In this way I cert, and for the first time in this town Handel's managed to preach everything that a modern min- Messiah was heard. We invited local talent and ister would preach. Many outsiders began to the choir of the larger church in the near-by city.

come to the church and the attendance was larger The little church with its places for 100 people managed to accommodate 250 by filling all the than the membership.

Difficulties arose later when I turned from aisles and the platform. I read the scripture on ideology and started doing things. The first thing , which each number was based. The concert was that I wanted to do was to break the iron circle such a success that we planned to give another and which divided this small protestant community organized a choir to include the Orthodox people. from the world. I wanted them to stop thinking In spite of the difficulties made by some of the of themselves as the favored people of God, as priests we gave this concert twice. better than the rest of the world; I wanted them One idea was constantly in my mind: the to be interested in the spiritual and material con- Church of Christ must be the representative of the Kingdom of God on earth. Pe'ople must have dition of people outside their own group.

In order to start in a quiet way not to arouse a more abundant life because of the Church. Yet the suspicions of the Orthodox Church, I an- I saw misery everywhere in Assenovgrad, even in nounced that I would give lessons in English. the church group with which I worked. It seemed These were given free at first, until I found that tragic to see that even in the group who had listhe people had less interest because they did not tened to the teachings of Christ for forty-seven pay. To attend these classes many entered our years the principles of Christ had apparently not church building for the first time. Among them begun to work. The more privileged seemed to were the owner of a large mill and the chief of have no real concern for those with less ability the railway station. In spite of their prejudice and little money. No real help was given even against the Protestants, these people spent many within our own small group.

long hours with the minister of that church, be- In our group we had poor families who needed coming friends, and occasionally speaking with help, but the church did not help them by making him about Christianity. them independent materially, by improving their in an "Orthodox" Home means of support.

I was invited into an Orthodox home for a reli- With the help of some friends I succeeded in gious discussion with a group of more than thirty organizing a small loan fund to aid honest people people. For the first time in its forty-seven years to better their condition. By means of this fund of existence this Protestant church had the oppor- one family was able to build a place for raising silk worms. Another family was able to plant a tunity to meet the Orthodox townspeople face small orchard. A third could buy a pig which, to face on a friendly basis. The discussion interested young people especially. Many homes be- when fattened, would be used for winter food. gan to think of me as a friend, rather than as a One young man could buy a sewing machine to dangerous "propagandist" who wished "to destroy work at his trade. All were held to their promise the faith of the Bulgarian people." to repay their loans in order that others might be helped. In answer to my letter, Dr. George W.

When these people came to our church, as Carver, of the Tuskeegee Institute of Research in many of them did, the difference in appearance Alabama, sent me instructions for the manufac- was so great that they did not think they were in ture of products from crops which might be raised a church. Their church was so ornate; ours was in this region. I hoped that something might take so plain. The people of my church had learned the place of tobacco. I wanted the church to b~-

come, on weekdays as well as Sundays, the place faith in God. A few days later he told me that where all might find help in whatever they needed. unless I preached things which he approved I I wished that Christ, like sunlight, might enter would have to leave the church. I replied that ,every home and bring health and joy. there were certain things I felt so imperative that they must be spoken. After that his conduct dur- But trouble started right here. Some old peo- ing church services became such that worship be- ple felt that it is not the business of the church to came impossible. meddle in everyday life problems, and should not even mention contemporary events in sermons. Two other important events happened about Sermons, they thought, should be strictly Biblical. this time. One was that for the first time one of the Orthodox priests asked the Protestant min- The Turning Point ister to cooperate with him on the anti-war com- mittee of which he was chairman. The other was About this time an event happened which that money 4wd come and my plans had developed proved to be the turning point. One day as my far enough to revive in a new form the neglected wife and I (our marriage took place after the be- paper which had formerly been published by the ginning of the second year in Assenovgrad) were Young People's Society of the Evangelical visiting in a poor district, we entered a home Churches of Bulgaria. I intended to use the where three members of the family were sick in Ecumenical News Service from Geneva and to bed with typhus – two children and the grand- translate articles from the magazines which I re- mother. We thought best to take one of the chil- ceive, so as to widen the vision of some of the dren, a girl of eleven, into our home. When the people. doctor came and examined her he said she had tuberculosis as well as typhus, and that she ought However, for the good of the church, I thought to go to a private hospital where she would have best to leave before it was too late. Now I am proper care. The family had no money so I went back in Sofia, as busy as ever, hoping that God to the church treasurer to ask for a part of my will use me further in His work among my people. over-due salary to advance what was necessary. When he learned why I wanted the money, he ad- r know other young men who are trained and vised me not to take any measures,but to pray, as becomes a minister. He said I should not depend who also want to be ministers. upon the word of men of science but upon God. I One man is supported from England by people insisted on having the money and took the girl to the railway station. This man, and a few others, and churches who believe in him and in the work concluded that I was propagating some new the- he is doing. This makes me wonder if churches ology, that I had strong faith in science but weak in America will, in addition to the work of their Mission Boards, support other "unofficial" mis- sionaries in the places where, they are needed most.

CHRISTIAN THINKING AND ACTION People are confused; they hardly know what is Christian, or how to come to a Christian judgment on issues placed before them. Selfish interests try to exploit them; propaganda machines attempt to dominate them; programs and laws, panaceas of a thousand kinds, are placed before them.

Most people are willing to be far more Christian than they know how to be. If they could be mobilized they would constitute a tremendous force pulling toward a Christian solu- tion of many of our issues. But their thinking is not concerted, their imagination not cap- tured, and their loyalty not challenged. Is it not possible for the, churches to say, in a voice united enough in the name of their Lord so that the world can hear and so that any proposal of society or government which asks for the backing of Christian people, but which would protect property at the expense of people, would protect the privileged at the expense of the underprivileged, would seek material profit rather than the enrichment of life, would rely upon force rather than justice, would manipulate and control the gifts of God in nature for the interests of the few as against the many, would breed the fears that destroy rather than the confidence that releases and strengthens, would exploit humanity rather than enlarge the life which humanity lives-that any such proposal is not consistent with the purpose of God and the teaching of Jesus and cannot have our support?

Such thinking, if it were honest, might be disturbing. It might disturb our prejudices and present customs. But they are going to be disturbed anyway, and I would rather have them disturbed by those who are thinking toward the purpose of Christ than by those who think toward selfish views. ALBERT W. BEAVEN.

a Downtown Church Can

By FREDERICK B. FISHER * Late Minister, Central Methodist Church, Detroit T HE first step in making the downtown church provision is made for every member of the family: a successful representative of the Gospel of Nurses, in sanitary rooms, care for the babies and Christ is to analyze the life of the church. very young children.. A hundred of the older chil- No program should be attempted without first dren are in the boys' choir and the girls' choir.

making a careful scientific survey of the condi- A half-hundred youth are in the young people's tions, resources, potentialities and purpose of ,the choir. A full,.time choir director, with an assis- organization. Each church is a problem in itself. tant, gives expert attention to the training of It is difficult to generalize but for the purposes of these children in music, as well as in those phases discussion it might be said that there are three of religious .edU:ca~ion that have to do with public types of downtown churches: worship. The school of religious education, under 1. A mission to dispossessed residents of slum the leadership of a' full-time director, continues districts; its departmental sessions throughout the worship period, as well as one hour following. Trained 2. A social center and preaching point for lodg- teachers are in charge of the various departments, ing-house people and transient hotel even though in some cases it means an honorarium guests; for the service rendered. We believe that the church budget must of necessity provide expert 3. A cosmopolitan center of worship for kin- training for children and youth, because of the dred spirits from every part of the city. danger of leaving such training to haphazard It is impossible for one church to attempt to cover all three of these phases of life and work. methods and desultory instruction. The church is The geographical location, the social traditions so located that all the street car lines and bus and constituency, as well as the financial resources routes of the city pass the door.

and ministerial leadership, must all be taken into Our constituency is divided into fourteen terri- account. These factors will very largely deter- torial units, with a leader in charge of each sub- mine the type of service the church can render. urban section. This leader has a group of four Central Church, Detroit, about which I have lieutenants, who by telephone and personal visita- been requested to write, is not, strictly speaking, tion keep in touch with the constituency of that a downtown church. In spite of the fact that it area with reference to sickness, church attend- is located at the very heart of the city and sur- anee, financial support' and spiritual guidance.

rounded by hotels, department stores, banks, One of the slogans of Cehtral Church has come to theaters and office buildings, it has remained a be "We are fourteen community churches." We dynamic family church. Not more than one fourth h~ve discovered that this plan does not compete of our congregations could be said to belong to with, nor proselytefrorri, the regular community the transient hotel group. Three fourths of all churches. The reason 'for this is that we have a the personalities to whom we minister are defi- specialized emphasis. We major on pageantry nitely related to the church and its activities. and color in public worship; upon personal reli- Only a few of these members live within a half gious psychiatry; upon social adjustment and mile of the church. The vast majority of our wor- reconstruction in the pulpit messages; upon a shipers and workers travel a distance of anywhere on selectitie school of religion; and upon popular from one mile to twenty miles. One of our careful analysts estimates that the average is eight Wednesday night lectures public topics by outmiles. They come in whole families. The~e is no standing' nati~nar' Vdfces. My experience in Greater Detroit, and in visitation among scores subway or elevated system of transportation in of churches in other modern cities, leads me to Detroit, consequently the vast majority of our believe that a great deal of unwholesome competi- people come to church in their own automobiles tion could be eliminated in our city churches if we and the whole family comes together. Once there, recognized that the mind of modern humanity is • This article was prepared for the Review by the late Dr. Fred.. divided by several definite spiritual interests. seericcrketaBr.y.F-Eisdhietor r.just before his death, and was sent us by his There is need for great centralized fundamentalist [349 ]

churches, where people who interpret religion in able burden. It is a heavy task to have a church these terms can come together for mutual sup- supper every Wednesday night. In the course of port and spiritual stimulus. Churches with a dif- the last year more than twenty-six thousand meals ferent theological outlook may serve personalities have been served on the fourth floor of Central that see life in "liberal" terms. The evangelistic Church House. This is an absolutely self-supporttabernacle and temple has its place. The plain, ing feature, but none of the money goes into the unembellished service of the Quakers has a real current expenses of the church. The women are contribution to make. There is also a wide and constantly interested in furniture, equipment, a growing field for churches that specialize in choir vestments, Red Cross work, family relief forms of ritualistic worship. Central Church, and kindred interests. During this last winter, though Methodist, is altar centered, with a high careful record has been kept of attendance at the altar and heavily carved symbolic reredos. We various activities, with the result that our chart have a processional and recessional in vestments shows a monthly attendance, on the average, of of purple and white and red. There are approxi- approximately eighteen thousand people. mately two hundred people in the choir organization, and on certain occasions the full choirs march Special attention is given to children, youth and in the procession. A "crucifer" carries the cross, young married couples. Boys are trained, and a "hook-bearer" carries the open Bible, and a consecrated by the laying on of hands, as Junior "flag-bearer" carries the flag. The ministers are Deacons for assistants at the altar. Crucifers, in vestments, and wear stoles which vary in color book~bearers and flag-bearers are all similarly with the seasons of the church year. It is inter- trained and consecrated. Special confirmation esting to find what a strong appeal this makes to classes are held for the training of young people modern youth. In the midst of this colorful serv- as to the meaning of church membership, and ice of worship, the pulpit message deals with Gos- white capes with purple cross embroidered on the pel as it. relates to social justice, problems of collar are used in the confirmation ceremony. personality adjustment, and the vital issues of modern life. The newest feature to be added to the life of the church is a specialist in psychiatry and person- There are two distinct Sunday congregations, alityadjustment. He is a medical doctor with his morning and evening. Few of those who fill the degree in philosophy from Vienna, Austria, where church on Sunday. morning come again at night. he has been a student and a lecturer on the fac- The services differ in emphasis, with the result uIty with Freud, Adler, Jung and others. Lecthat there is a solid Sunday morning congregation tures are given in personality adjustment, and the and an equally solid evening congregation. problems of psychology and nervous diseases, to selected groups, and hours for personal consulta- Wednesday night is a gathering of all the clans. tion are provided. Modest fees are charged for It is a "church night." .School children begin to these personal consultations. No hospitalization arrive at three or half-past three on Wednesday or actual treatment of patients is provided afternoon, before the real activities hegin. They through the church, but all pathological cases are bring their home work from school, and rooms are referred to their own doctors and to the regular made available, under proper direction, for home hospital staff of the city. study. If they come from families which cannot afford to pay the price of the church supper, a Central Church cannot claim entire success. room is provided where they may open their own The problems are great. The complexities of lunch baskets and have a good time together. modern urban and industrial life make experi- Many of the other children are served in these ment essential, with its attendant failures and same rooms, so that there is not the consciousness inadequacies. The staff is composed of thirteen of prosperity or poverty and there is an utter full-time people. The mere statement of this fact lack of self-consciousness. By five o'clock a va- will reveal to ministers and laymen the problem riety of activities is under way: Bible 'study of supporting an organization of this size. Howgroups of youth and adults; youth forum; Boy ever, the church has no debt, and a group of Scouts and Camp Fire Girls; dramatic clubs and splendid laymen manages the finances with great orchestras; handicraft classes; choir mothers' devotion. Our small endowment helps to make club; hoys' choirs and girls' choirs in practice; possible a program like this at the heart of an committees on social justice, parish visitation, industrial city. One interesting feature is that financial budgets, religious education and other all three ministers have had experience on the subjects. At six o'clock there are several simul- foreign mission field. These three men and their taneous suppers. The efficient women's commit- wives all feel that they are performing the most tee employs a full-time housekeeper and other essential missionary task of their lives. The dihelpers, so as not to make this feature an unbear- rector of religious education is likewise a former missionary of the foreign field.

to the City of

By the REV. CHARLES HATCH SEARS, D.D.

Author of "The City Man"

O NE is bold indeed who attempts to describe follow the crowd, to lose a sense of individual re- the future formation of a molten mass. sponsibility. Collective behavior tends to level Scientists may do this on the basis of well down character, as erosion wears away high'

established natural laws. Social laws affecting mountains. Individual character has been devel- environment are not nearly so well established. oped in America, at any rate within a family and Spiritual laws may be clearly marked out in terms within a neighborhood setting. In a city, particu- of individual conduct but are less defined in their larly in a great city, the individual has quite gen- social application. erally been separated from his family and from It seems clear, however, that the church is jus- the neighborhood in which he was reared. He has tified in looking to the world of tomorrow in too frequently been forced to live in isolation. The terms of facts which are clearly discernible today. city man touches elbows with thousands, but The Fact of Urban Life touches hearts with few. The city man lives in isolation within a multitude of contacts. A city In looking to the city of tomorrow the church is where men die of loneliness in a crowd. He has must accept the fact of urban life. This fact is to do with people whom he does not know and accepted on the basis of a general trend of a forces that he does not understand. He is com- century and a half of American life. This trend pelled to make inferences and to draw conclusions.

has been accelerated during the last two or three He does not deal with the concrete but is com- decades. True it is that the early years of the pelled to deal with the abstract.

depression (1929 to 1932) witnessed a migration The city man has developed certain fairly de- from the cities, but already this has proven to be fined attitudes. Self-assertion is a characteristic only a temporary check in a generally rapid in- sin of the city man. Compelled to yield to his crease of urban population which during the pre- superiors in shop, factory, store or office, he loves ceding census decade was at the rate of almost to enter a little world of his own where his opin- 27%, with a record of sixty-nine millions by 1930. .ions have weight; hence the gang, the club and That this was an American migration move- the social set. The city mind is preoccupied, in ment is the more significant. It is difficult to this sense absent-minded. It tends to lose its sense comprehend that forty out of everyone hundred of relationship to humanity, to lose the joy of the boys and girls between the ages of ten and twenty ,common touch, and to cease to find pleasure in who were on farms in 1920 had located in some homely things. The insistent stimulation of city city by 1930. This is the more surprising in that life tends to produce indifference and inability to urban growth during the most of the present gen- make a normal response.

eration has been so largely augmented by immi- The creation of these attitudes is a matter of gration which is no longer a major factor in the concern to the church. It is one of its tasks to growth of cities. provide correctives. Its problem is to establish It is safe to say that the church of the future relationships with the detached individual and must accept the fact of urban life both because particularly to follow him into his group relation- we are gregarious and like to flock together, and ships from which all but members of the group on the other hand because it requires a decreasing are generally debarred.

percentage of the working popUlation to produce the raw materials of foods and fabrics which in The Fact of Metropolitan Community Life turn are subject to almost infinite refinement. The second fact which the forward-looking. city This processing takes place largely in cities. church must take into account is the fact of met- ropolitan life in contrast with mere urban life. The fact of urban life would not be of so much City men in the main have shown their preference significance for the church of the future if cities, for the great metropolitan centers rather than for particularly the great cities, did not so profoundly cities of average size. In fact, many of the smaller change people. City men are influenced by what cities have lost population in recent years. we may call collective behavior-the tendency to [ 351]

All cities have not fared alike. Urban growth with which the church of the future will be con- in America in recent years, particularly during fronted to an increasing degree.

the last census decade, has been strikingly selec- The churches everywhere in America have been tive. The average American is quite surprised to built from neighborhoods. City neighborhoods learn how spotted the growth of cities has become. have been broken down by the incoming of new Accustomed to reports of loss of population in peoples and by the exodus of the more favored to rural areas, he is not greatly surprised that nearly suburban areas. The flood of newcomers, men one-half (46.5 per cent) of all villages in the and women and young people, attracted by their United States under 2,500 lost p()pulation from specialty interests has created quite a new situa- 1920 to 1930-6,285 villages out of a total of tion. They have no interest in a particular neigh- 13,530. borhood. Their only concern is to live where they In view of the enormous increase of urban can be comfortable and within reach of their own population from 54,305,000 in 1920 to 68,,955,000 chosen group'1$•• in 1930 (or an increase of 26.9 per cent during It is true, old neighborhoods still p2rsist. There the decade) and particularly in view of the Amer- are still parish churches in metropolitan New ican assumption that all cities grow, he is quite York of which we might speak; many of them unprepared to learn that many cities fared very are in the suburbs though conditioned by the metbadly during the last census decade. Five hundred ropolitan structure; some of them are in survival neighborhoods illustrated by the recent coming and twelve places rranging in population from 2,500 to 100,000 lost population from 1920 to 1930. together of the old Church of the Sea and Land A very much larger number of cities has failed and the old Mariners' Temple into the new Henry to keep pace with the rate of population growth of the nation. As Dr. R. D. McKenzie points out, Street United Church, Presbyterians and Baptists of the 746 cities of 10,000 popUlation and over in 1920, almost one-half of them (354) showed a settling down together to a continuing parish rate of increase below the national rate of increase. work, but how changed the parish from the old It is obvious that the great metropolitan com- days of the "Kirk on Rutgers Street"! munities have grown in recent years at the expense of all other political unity-towns, villages While still prepared to serve so far as may be and smaller cities. These communities have tapped the sources of population;-in Europe, Asia, Af- along parish lines, the church frequently, generrica and South America, on American farms and villages, and in the smaller cities of America. ally, finds itself compelled to minister either on a Foreign-born whites, children of immigrants, Negroes and especially native Americans gravi- metropolitan-wide basis or to people on the basis tate thither like iron filings to a magnet. of a selective interest or both. The Community It is not so much the fact of metropolitan growth in terms of increased population to which Church of New York City served by Johns Haynes the church of the future must adapt itself, as to the tremendous changes in which these communi- Holmes and the Riverside Church with its dual ties have been and will be involved. The attraction of specialists to these centers and their voluntary ministry to the neighborhood in its educational association into groups is at the heart of it. This ever-growing process of specialization creates and social program and to the greater metropol- itah community in its preaching ministry are cases in point. .

The Calvary Episcopal Church apparently has chosen for itself, on the basis of its rector's inter- est, to minister to a particular group with a dis- tinctive religious interest. The church of the future almost inevitably will be selective in its ministry, however much it undertakes to remain the Church of the Open Door to All Who Will Enter.

The Fact of Cosmopolitan Life groups. As a result, special interest communities It is evident that the church of the future must or special activity groups, ever in process of for- adapt itself increasingly to meet the needs of a mation, take the place of neighborhoods. cosmopolitan community. The executives of de- Finding association within the group, to an in- nominational Church City Societie3, who have fol- creasing degree the members become subject to lowed neighborhood changes in great metropolitan the ethics and social attitudes of the group and communities, may be more conscious than the are not amenable to the ethics and social attitudes average pastor of the tremendous changes which of the community as a whole. Devoted to their have grown out of immigration and that are now peculiar functions within their own chosen group, emerging through the influence of the wide dis- they are disposed to carryon largely in accord pers'ion of second generation immigrants.

with their own cultural pattern and often with The presence of great numbers of immigrants, little accommodation to the larger community. who until less than twenty years ago were con- This creates serious ethical and social problems fined largely to "colonies," did not greatly· upset

LOOKING TO THE CITY OF TOMORROW

the cultural situation, or disturb the church The church that looks to the city of the future outlook of older Americans, but when the well must orient itself to a cosmopolitan community trained second generation young people began to and adjust its outlook to world vistas. emerge it became evident that great changes were taking place. The older Americans were not deep- Man, the Abiding Fact ly concerned that customs and codes, wrought through long centuries in the homeland of these The church that looks to the city of tomorrow immigrants, no longer had controlling force in the will seek to adapt itself to urban life, to metrolives of the second generation that was emerging politan life, to cosmopolitan life, but it will lose from these homes. They were more alarmed, how- itself in the process unless it has a sense of its ever, when they discovered that the old New Eng- own universality which was so strongly emphaland culture and ideals were being broken down sized at the Edinburgh Conference. by this infusion of second generation immigrant life into the best residence areas of the great To put the matter in other form, the church cities. must adapt itself on the one hand to its environ- mentbut recognize that while man too is a vari- It became evident that old incentives and re- able, he changes far less rapidly than does his environment. As compared with the shifting sostraints, old sanctions and social controls which cial scene he is a constant. While he changes in obtained in these cities until a score of years ago, outward appearance and in his customs and while whether in Anglo-Saxon communities with their his attitudes reflect the conditions under which he New England background or in foreign-language lives, his essential needs are the same from gencommunities with their varied European back- eration unto generation and among all peoples. grounds had been largely repudiated. The result We affirm, therefore, that the church must find its is a cultural phenomenon, moral phenomenon if universality in its consciousness of God and in you please, practically without precedent-a great its realization of the needs of men. body of people living without a generally recognized moral pattern and without sanctions hon- Staggered by a social burden which he finds ored by generations. It is evident that the church unbearable without the assistance of religion, imof the future must address its'elf to building up pelled by a moral imperative, the ethical contents new spiritual foundations to take the place of the of which he does not understand, the city man in old spiritual foundations upon which America was his more confident moods looks to religion for established. support and to Christianity for moral guidance. Christianity, in the past at periods of crisis, has While the immigrants of pre-war decades and met the challenge of destiny. The city man, theresecond generation immigrants of today have quite fore, calls upon the church to mediate to him a completely transformed old American cities domi- religion adequate to his personal needs and internantly Teutonic and Protestant into cities domi- pretive of his confused social relation. nantly Latin, Slavic and Semitic in race and Roman Catholic and Jewish in religion, there are Under normal conditions nature enters into the other factors which have had a part in the cosmo- creative religious process. Trees, streams, the sky politan process. and the stars are all sources of life valuable in the cultivation of the soul. It is apparent that Changes in the function and structure of these nature plays a large part in the cultivation of great metropolitan communities sketched in a religion when man and nature are living in norpreceding section have come in no small degree mal reciprocity. But is it possible to pursue the from the national orientation of industry, of com- mystical approach within city walls where the merce, and of professional life in America. A stars are rarely seen and where frequently in myriad of interests in each of the classifications winter the dust-laden atmosphere hangs like a has selected a major metropolitan community, pall over the city, shutting out even the sky? most likely New York, as headquarters with branch centers in other metropolitan communities. The city, particularly the metropolitan commu- nity, with its specialization in art, in music, in The church that looks to the city of tomorrow literature, is peculiarly rich in the materials 'for cannot afford to be provincial. It can not remain the cultivation of the mystical qualities of the parochial. It, too, must cultivate world-wide at- spirit. "A certain type of mind has always distitudes and relations. If Christianity is to survive cerned three straight and narrow ways going out in America it must become in fact a world reli- towards the absolute-in religion, in pain, in gion. The Christian movement in its world out- beauty," says Miss Evelyn Underhill. reach can not afford to think in terms of separate hemispheres of foreign missions and home mis- The expansive qualities of the individual may sions but of a church universal in space as well be cultivated generally by finding essences, someas in'concept. thing akin to universal experiences, in other human lives-by finding those qualities that life lives by.

The city is peculiarly rich in opportunity to continuing fact of urban life and adjust its prorelate spirit to spirit through a common under- gram to conditions which have grown out of the standing of ideals and through association in transformation of the small city into the great noble undertakings, even as we have found the metropolitan community. Facing the breakdown city peculiarly rich in its interpretation of life in of the old Anglo-Saxon, Puritan, and to a large its mystical aspects through literature and art degree Protestant standards, the Christian church and poetry. must address itself to the recreation of Christ's standards of faith, character and conduct. For the sake of the individual, his self-realization, his peace and joy on the one hand, and for In this process the church finds itself at home the creation of moral energy directed to social because it is still dealing with man forever changends on the other, it is highly important to culti- ing but forever presenting the same basic needs. vate the mystical aspect of the personality The fortunes of the church have never been inthrough an appreciation of nature, through aware- extricably bo~d with any secular order. It has ness of the essential qualities of the human spirit ever had standards to which it could repair. and through communion with God in Christ as the only source of religion and of moral energy. The abiding task of the church in the city, as elsewhere, will ever be to regenerate and to re- As important as these things are the church vitalize the individual and by this process to culmust accept as its primary responsibility the cul- tivate new social attitudes and to release a new tivation of worship in the individual and a sense ethical vigor equal to the task of social reconstrucof his vital personal relationship to God in Christ. tion.* As the church looks to the city of the future it * By permission of the Publisher, Harper & Brothers. the author is convinced that it must address itself to the has made liberal excerpts from his recent book. "City Man." adapted to the purposes of this article.

The Gospel in Mexico To~Day -~ I By WALTER MONTANO* Iffl.- FOLLOWING my decision to visit Mexico I re- Near Mexico City I was surprised to see news- ceived a cordial welcome from President Car- paper notices and accounts of the activities of the denas on behalf of the Mexican Government, Roman Catholic Church, just as in the most lib.. and from the Minister of Public Health. The eral country in the world. This was surprising, National Council of the Evangelical Churches, as I had seen and heard much about the oppresthrough their Executive Secretary, Professor Gon- sion of the priesthood. zalez Baez Camargo, had prepared a full program of evangelistic meetings, not only in Mexico City, My first week in Mexico City was filled with but in other States. As a result, I traveled a dis- meetings, held in the largest Protestant church in tance of six thousand miles in about one month. the republic, which used to be a Franciscan mon- astery. We began with some thousand people, and At the frontier, I saw that various persons were by the end of the week, there were more than being refused permission to enter. The officials fifteen hundred present. There were high army carefully examined my passport, and enquired as officers, government servants, representatives of to the object of my visit. However, my letters the intellectual circles, even Roman Catholic froin the President of the Republic and the Min- priests, in fact all classes of society, political and ister of Public Health were sufficient, although religious, were represented. For an hour each my passport described me as an "evangelical min- night there was attention, silence and interest. ister." I was shown every courtesy, and even my suitcases were passed through the Customs with- The way God worked in these meetings was out examination. The five hundred Mexican truly marvelous. At the last two gatherings, the dollars, which most who enter the country are local brethren urged me to make an appeal to those supposed to deposit, were not required of me. who wished to come forward and accept Christ. On the first of these occasions forty people, their • Sr. Walter Montano has been a missionary of the Evangelical eyes streaming with tears, came forward and Union of South America since 1929. His article appeared in the knelt, confessing their sins and accepting Christ. World Dominion. The following night, when I told the story of my

THE GOSPEL IN MEXICO TO-DAY

own conversion, more than a hundred came for- In Orizaba the hall, big though it was, would ward, crying to God for the pardon of their sins. not hold the people. The street was full and men The Gospel was new to these people, Roman Cath- and women were sitting on the paths. There were olics who, in all sincerity, were seeking peace for more than fourteen hundred people present. They their souls. Nor was it only the common people begged me for another day and I invited them for who came forward, but society folk and well- a meeting at five in the morning. At this hour, known persons. Professor Camargo stated that in the bitter cold, there were six hundred people he saw many people come to the meetings full of waiting. . . . The power and presence of God pride and even hatred toward us; at the close of were evident and we felt the fire of the Holy Spirit the service not a few of them were crying like kindling our hearts. children, among them an army general, who, moved to the depths of his soul, gave way to tears. From this last place we returned to Mexico City After the meeting many Catholics came to me say- for other meetings in the Y. M. C. A. There was ing, "I am a Catholic, but I know nothing about .a magnificent gathering of people who did not bethe life eternal, and now I accept Christ as my long to any of the churches. Some Communists only personal Saviour." in the audience tried to make trouble, but there were no serious difficulties. On another evening A Visit. to Pueblo two thousand united youth of the Federal District met me; it was a most touching occasion, when It was not my intention to remain in Mexico for crowds of young people of all denominations dedimore than two weeks, but Professor Osuna, an cated themselves to the service of God. They outstanding Christian, and a prominent figure in agreed to issue an appeal to the evangelical youth the Mexican Government in the time of Presidents of all Latin America to work on behalf of the Carranza and Calles, came from Monterey to Mex- forthcoming Congress of Latin American Evanico City and exacted a promise that I would visit gelical Youth, in which they proposed to study the Monterey. After prayer, I decided to remain best methods of a vigorous campaign for the evanlonger and visit Pueblo, Vera Cruz, Orizaba, gelization of unconverted youth. Guadalajara, Aguas Calientes, San Luiz Potosi, Saltillo, Torreon, EI Paso (Texas) and Nogales. In Mexico City there is a center for preparing These last two places are on the frontier of the young men for the ministry. The president and United States. Professor Camargo accompanied the other professors are men of real consecration me to Pueblo, and there we had united meetings to God, and the seminary is a center of training for two nights and a large number of people were for all denominations. As part of my program in led to Christ. During our visit to Pueblo, the first Mexico, the brethren arranged that I should give National Anti-Alcoholic Congress took place at devotional messages to faculty and students every the invitation of President Cardenas, with dele- day. God blessed these meetings and foreign misgates from all the Mexican states and from other sionaries, pastors of churches, professors from countries, chiefly Latin America. Dr. Siurob, the seminary, as well as the students, and also Minister of Public Health, presided over the Con- workers from Sunday schools, came unfailingly. gress and represented the government. He in- The theme was that of consecration and service. vited me to preside over the third full session, in my capacity as delegate of the National League of Other States Social Hygiene of Peru, and extended to me the privilege of being a guest of honor of the Govern- From Mexico City I set out for Guadalajara, ment of Pueblo. accompanied by two outstanding Mexican Chris- tian leaders, and again had most encouraging In Vera Cruz the church was full, and at the services. Our journey was continued to the places close of the meeting the platform would not hold already mentioned, and in every town we saw the the crowd of people who came pleading for our hand of God. The fact that most of the meetings prayers. The brethren asked if we could not re- were united gatherings tended to more cooperamain another day, but the itinerary was already tion between the different churches. There has fixed and it was quite impossible, so I said, jok- come a greater spirit of unity among the workers; ingly, "If you would like a meeting at four-thirty in fact, in many churches there are now united in the morning . . . !" Thinking no more about meetings for prayer among the workers of the difit, I went to bed, tired out, but exactly at four- ferent denominations. thirty in the morning I was awakened; the pastor and other brethren had called for me, and when Mexico is passing through a unique phase of its I went to the church there were two-hundred and history. The clouds of confusion have not yet fifty people gathered for a meeting. God worked passed from its sky, nor will they do so quickly. that morning in the hearts of those people! Everything is in a state of uncertainty and it is impossible to foretell what tomorrow will bring. The properties of churches and religious colleges

are in continual danger, for at any moment the of the intellectual classes; we stayed from seven Government can take possession of them. As a until ten in the morning, while I spoke to them matter of fact, many of the Protestant schools are closed and cannot exist if they teach religion. of my personal experience of Christ. Some evangelical schools have had to be turned 3. Now that the foreign missionaries cannot into purely commercial colleges or institutes for social instruction. It is difficult to understand the conduct definitely religious services, they are dissituation, for some of the actions of the Govern- covering other methods. Mr. Norman Taylor, a ment seem quite contradictory in nature to others. Presbyterian, is working with fine results among Shortly after I left Mexico, I was told that the the soldiers. He has a small wireless set 'installed Government had restored valuable property to the in his car, and Mr. Huegel gives them a Bible talk, urging upon them the need for repentance and Presbyterians. turning to Christ. All the soldiers held up their As Mexico is a Federal country, it is left to the hands asking for our prayers, and many bought Governor of each state to interpret the program New Testameqt,s. of education as he may Ghoose. Consequently 4. Other missionaries, such as Mr. Reifsnyder, there is a great variety according to the local attitude. There are a few schools where the teaching have sought some method of reaching the students is not only anti-religious but immoral; there are of the college and university, gathering them some teachers who pervert the children by ex- weekly for "lay sermons." The night I was there, treme programs of sexual education. . . . This twenty-two students, among them Roman Cathdoes not occur everywhere, nor is it officially olics, were deeply interested. recognized. Nevertheless, because of the liberty of interpretation and the fact that there is no uni- 5. In the midst of the difficulties presented by formity or standard of teaching, the enemies of the law, the workers have had to fall back on religion take the opportunity to inject their poison propaganda by the press. It is difficult to calcu- late the great results attained by the Latin Amerinto the hearts and minds of the children. ican bookstore, under the direction of Sr. Baez The preaching of the Gospel by foreigners is Camargo. The method which he uses attracts Communists, revolutionaries, students, professors, severely limited by law, but foreign missionaries publicists and others, and all receive the Gospel in Mexico still carryon their work, perhaps with even better results than before. The central de- message. partment of the Government made it clear that 6. The youth, indifferent hitherto to the neces- I was free to speak in any part of Me:xico with sity of testifying before others, are not only perfect liberty. uniting among themselves but are working openly; groups of young people go out to different suburbs New Methods of Evangelism in Mexico t and carryon regular services, also visiting homes. One such group has dedicated itself to carrying the Gospel to outcast women, a truly apostolic The restrictive laws of Mexico in the matter of labor. religion have turned out favorably in many 7. The difficulties which the evangelical bodies senses: face have made the Christian workers feel the im- perative necessity of more prayer, and a turning 1. The Evangelicals have felt compelled to unite to God for the solution of the religious and spirfor one common object, to preach Christ crucified. itual problems of Mexico. They have issued a 2. They have adopted new methods of evan- circular, addressed to "our brethren in the comgelization, which in other circumstances probably mon faith of Christ scattered throughout the enthey would not have adopted for many years. Dr. tire Mexican Republic," calling them to a deeper Wallace, a missionary of the Presbyterian Board, consecration of life and to the practice of daily and Sr. Baez Camargo took me to what they call prayer. "Wednesday Breakfasts" in one of the best res- t See Religion in the RClYUblic of Mexico, by C, Baez Camargo taurants in the capital. To this are invited people and Kenneth G, Grubb, published by the World Dominion Press, The Christian laymen in one Mexican church have organized a "Salvation Patrol" which works in the tenement districts at night. A missionary has developed a group of university students whO meet for the discussion of spiritual and social questions-probably the first ~or~ done ~y. Evangelicals for university stu.dents in Mexico City. In Tabasco, where preach- mg IS prohIbIted, a group of laymen orgamzed themselves as peddlers. With packs on their backs, they go from home to home selling merchandise and talking about Christ. A former ci~y pastor has dedicated himself to country wo.rk. He tells of a poverty-stricken village, WIth an ugly? n.ear-deformed, po~rly educated IndIa~ boy who went there to shepherd the little flock of ChrIstIans. The town IS gradually becommg transformed and this simple Indian boy is its hero.-S. G. Inman.

the Church Discontinue Institu–

tional Missionary Work?

-.~i By G. BAEZ CAMARGO, Mexico City, Mexico ._. ",,==;;;;;E;;;;;x;;;;;ec;;;;;u;;;;;ti;;;;;v;;;;;e;;;;;s;;;;;e;;;;;cTC_et;o;.;.au.;;;nTyc=oi;;l;;;f;;o;;;thf;;;;M;e=eN;;x;;;iac;;;;o;ti;;;;;o;;;;;na;p;;I;;;;;E;;;;;V;;;;;a;;;;;n;;;;;ge;;;;;lt;;;;;'c;;;;;al===!.f.l.- EVANGELICAL Christianity throughout the whole missionary program and to an examination world is looking forward to the international of the comparative and real values of evangelistic missionary conference called to meet in and institutional mission work. The question be- Madras, India, in December. Christians from gan to press itself upon the minds of both the many lands will come together to appraise the missionary and the national Christian leaders: status of the work, and to plan for united advance Should mission boards give less attention to elabin the evangelization of the world. Four hundred orate speciaU.~ed institutional work and more to delegates will wrestle with the most crucial prob- pioneer evangelism and the training of Christian lems of the Church and will seek to understand workers? our Lord's, mind and will for His people in these trying times. Among these problems, and not Another element in the situation was the growthe least of them, stands the whole question of the ing sense of responsibility in the National "institutional work" of the church, especially in churches and their increasing desire to attain the the missionary enterprise. ideal of a self-governing and self-supporting in- digenous church. This would naturally lead to Pioneer mis,sionary earnestness has been poured the taking over of the administration and support into several types of auxiliary institutions-edu- of the institutional work. New questions arose. cational centers, ranging from parochial schools In view of the nationalization of the churches, to universities; medical institutions, from modest was it the proper course for them to take over the dispensaries to large and well-equipped hospitals; institutions founded and supported by the missocial centers and even agricultural and industrial sions? Could the national churches support projects; other philanthropic agencies also have themselves and also afford to conduct the rather been established and sacrificially maintained the expensive institutional work as established with church at the home base and by native Christian foreign funds? Would it be wise for the missions organizations in the lands where they are estab- to withdraw their help from the support of the lished. Thes'e institutions have absorbed most of churches and pioneer evangelism and to devote the missionary budgets in many cases and often foreign funds exclusively to the support of instihave been used as the decisive argument for mis- tutions? Or would it be better to give up the sions. Many have found in their work one of the institutions and concentrate on new purely evanmain sources of satisfaction, as rel~orted in mis- gelistic projects, in cooperation with the national sionary reports and surveys. churches?

All seemed to be going well with these institu- In some countries there was a third and very tions until three new elements entered into the important problem involved. The national govsituation. There was, first, a serious setback in ernments were committing themselves to political mtsswn income. In readjusting the budgets, it doctrines of different types, all of which coincided was necessary to cut down expenditures. But the at least in one particular-the gradual or violent problem was: What appropriations should be re- assumption of control by the State of all the deduced? It is not easy to cut down on upkeep of partments of human life, educational, social, and plants, equipment, personnel and current expenses even individual. The situation was the more comof large institutions, without risking their very plicated in countries where totalitarianism was existence. On the other hand, should the cuts be strongly impregnated by hostility to Christianity made on the distinctly evangelistic work an4 on the support of churches? It was easier to' cut or to all forms of religion. This trend, often incorhere, but perhaps not the best way out of the financial difficulty. All this led to a review of the porated in a very definite form in legislation, has been making it increasingly difficult for churches in Mexico, Turkey, Iran, Korea, and some other [357 ]

countries to maintain their educational and med- people, teaching, healing and nursing the people ical institutions. Some governments have been to an abundant Christian life.

very active of late years developing a compre- In other fields, where there is a degree of cul- hensive program of national welfare, opening ture and social welfare and where, as in Japan, schools, dispensaries, social centers and hospitals. the government is fulfilling its medical and edu- Thus the institutional work of the churches does cational responsibility, the need for philanthropic not seem to be so necessary as in former times, and cultural work by the missionary agencies is when the missions were the only agencies con- not so pressing. It is here not impossible for the ducting it. Except for their evangelistic purpose, churches to consider giving up their institutions most of the institutions are now becoming a dupli- or their turning over to governmental or other cation of government enterprises. In several national agencies. The churches should be ready, countries evangelistic work in Christian schools within the measure of their possibilities, to coop- and hospitals is looked upon with suspicion by the erate with puba.ic and private philanthropic and governments and in some cases is even prohibited educational agencies, where such cooperation is by law – as in Turkey. When this is the case, possible.

would it be advisable to give up such church in- The stage of progress in evangelization, par- stitutions and turn this work over to the govern- ticularly with reference to the strength of the na- ment? tional churches, is also to be considered. There . This missionary agencies and the national are at least three main stages in evangelizing a Christian churches have come to face the prob- people in any country: lem: Should mission boards and churches of the First, there is the approach, penetration, and missionary-sending countries withdraw from edu- planting of the first organized groups of converts, . cational and philanthropic work on the field and entirely under the wings of the mother churches throw the responsibility for these forms of service and under the almost exclusive leadership of the on the churches and governments on the various foreign missionaries. Forms of organization, fields? methods of work, supporting funds and leaders, Obviously, this question cannot be answered all have come from abroad.

categorically Yes, or No. The answer depends The second stage is one of national growth, the upon several factors, and no wise decision can be upbuilding of Christian churches, the development reached that ignores one or more of these factors. of a trained native leadership, the progress in The best answer will result from the careful con- self-support and the progressive transfer of resideration of combination of facts and experi- sponsibilities to them. Important steps towards ences. The main factors are: self-government culminate in the organization of (a) Conditions prevailing on the particular national churches.

field; The third stage, one that perhaps has not been (b) The degree to which evangelization has fully achieved on any mission field, is when the national churches assume complete responsibility, progressed; both financial and administrative, of the work and (c) Financial ability of the mission boards; they become in turn missionary churches, send (d) The real purpose of the missionary enter- out to evangelize other fields.

prise; Clearly it is not possible for the mission boards (e) Type of work that the institutions are ac- of the sending churches to think of throwing on tually doing.

There are some countries where educational, the national churches the responsibility for the hygienic and social conditions are primitive and institutions which they are unable to support, if where the people are still in a desperate need of the evangelization of the field is in its first stage help along these lines. The governments are or entering its second. The national churches either unable to take care of the people's intellec- must first assume responsibility for their own tual, physical and social needs or they lack a sense maintenance and their evangelistic work proper; of responsibility. The result is the abandonment if they succeed in this, then they may begin to of the people to illiteracy and misery. No Chris- accept full responsibility for the institutions.

tian mission or church would wish to confine Where this process of nationalization is under itself to purely preaching the Gospel while the way, the institutions are the last points from people are the prey of ignorance, disease and pov- which the mission funds are expected to be with- erty. Where these conditions prevail, as in parts drawn. Naturally the national churches cannot be of Africa, India and elsewhere, some form of expected to assume the support of the institutional work to relieve these conditions is imperative and work while the churches themselves are being SlJP- has no substitutes. We must not hesitate to make ported by the mission. The national churches will great sacrifices to minister to the needs of the not be able fully to take over the institutions until

SHOULD THE CHURCH DISCONTINUE INSTITUTIONAL MISSIONARY WORK?

the third stage is reached – if these institutions arated from the churches, leading their own life are to be continued in any effective way under and doing their own more or less secular work. church auspices. But many others insist upon the supreme impor- tance of evangelistic task of Christian institu- The financial status of the mission boards is an tions and cannot conceive of a missionary project essential factor to be considered. If the mission that does not seek to bring to the churches a receipts are down to that point where drastic re- harvest of "saved souls" or souls to be instructed ductions in the budget must be made and the in- and saved. The situation varies widely according stitutional work cannot longer be supported then to place and personnel. Many institutions, like the mission must withdraw. If there is any pos- the hospital at Miragi, India, and the Union Colsibility of turning over the institutions to other lege in Pyenyang, Chosen, actively engage in satisfactory agencies, the national churches should evangelistic work. Others are more secular in be given the first option, next the work may be character and outlook. Not a few have practically offered to some other responsible organizations or made their Christian character so abstract as to to the government. In any case, there must be be hardly distinguishable from wholly secular inthe assurance that the plants and equipment will stitutions. really be used for the good of the country and for the benefit of the more needy people. This is a sore point in the whole discussion of missionary work. A fair 9.istinction should be Perhaps it is too much, in many cases, to insist made, at the very start, between proselytizing and that their Christian character will be maintained. evangelizing. To proselytize is to be primarily in- terested in winning members from one particular But, in the whole problem, the essential and cen- religion, denomination or church to another, withtral purpose of Christian missions must be kept out regard to any vital change in faith and life. in view. This is the ultimate guiding principle To evangelize is so to preach Christ in word and and the supreme criterium for any change in mis- deed as to bring people to accept Christ as Saviour sionary service. Fortunately, this matter has re- and Lord, and His way of life as a daily path of ceived prayerful and earnest consideration lately, conduct. As to the best means by which to achieve although perhaps the outcome has not been always this supreme goal there is no uniformity of rule true to the New Testament standards. But the or opinion. It depends much upon the local situafact that it is a real concern to re-define, for our tion and the individuals with whom one comes in times, the supreme purpose of Christian missions, contact. Steadfastness of purpose is essential but is in itself gratifying. The writer of this article uniformity of method is as fatal to true evandoes not pretend to pronounce dogmatically on a. gelistic work as is the lack of aim and ideals. It question that is still keeping busy the best Chris- is certain that no Christian institution should tian minds of today, but it is necessary to give lower the central purpose or depart from the plan his own views if this discussion is to be clear and of all missionary work in the name and power of conclusive. Christ; otherwise it will lose its vision and de- pendence on the Spirit of God. The central purpose of Christian missions may be briefly stated as follows: The purpose of Chris- Non-cooperation with the national churches is tian missions is threefold in its active expression: another strong temptation of socially successful mission institutions. Some seem afraid that by (a) To preach the Gospel of God's redemptive disclosing their connection with the churches the grace in Jesus Christ; institutions will risk their prestige. It is not neces- sary, and may be even harmful, for these institu- (b) To cooperate in the upbuilding of an in- tions to be wholly subordinated to the churches. digenous educated Christian church; In most cases they should have their separate ad- ministration. But to part from the churches, re- (c) To serve this church and the people of the fusing to have anything to do with them, pn the land where it is established. pretext that success may be attained only in this way, is to pay a very high price for such success. The whole problem of institutional work should It has not been found necessary in America. Exbe kept under the spotlight of this one and three- perience shows that institutions committing themfold purpose. To what extent are Christian in- selves to this policy find it increasingly difficult stitutions faithful to it? What is the actual type to maintain their true Christian character; they of work being carried on by the institutions and are finally dragged down by the spirit of humanhow do they rate when measured with the yard- istic secularism. This at least can be strongly stick of the supreme purpose of Christ when He stated: no mission institution should allow itself founded missionary enterprise? to come to this self-defeating point of refusing to recognize its Christian character and purpose. Many believe that Christian institutions need to be Christian only in their inspiration and motive, but that they may refrain from becoming agencies to win others to Christ as Lord and Saviour. In order to avoid the charge of "proselyting" they are expected to keep themselves sep-

Every mIssIOnary institution should actively Christian boy or girl to get an education. The serve the churches and people in the country writer once visited a mission high school, finely where it is established. Duplication of govern- equipped and with excellent social prestige. When mental or private institutions should be avoided inquiring about the curriculum, the principal, in as far as possible. Instead of this, mission insti- all candor, informed him that their program was tutions should always be reaching out to unserved adjusted to similar schools in the United States, areas. In this work elaborate and costly plants as there were so many pupils from the British and may become a hindrance. Expensive plants then American colonies who wanted to secure credit become an end in themselves, and in order to keep for their studies when going abroad to college. them up, other important elements of the mission- The principal appeared to have given scarcely any ary program are sadly neglected. We should thought to the question as to whether this curnever forget that institutional plants are made riculum was the best suited for the needs of the for the missionary work and not the missionary nationals of tha't-.country. work for institutional plants. After all, to accomplish the primary task of serving Cnrist by Now we come back to the starting point in this helping the people of any country, it is not indis- discussion. Should mission boards, and the pensable, and not always desirable, to set up costly churches in the mission fields, plan to withdraw plants that in a time. of crisis and readjustment from their institutional work? An absolute anbecome veritable "white elephants." swer is not possible. We have tried to point out the factors which should be combined to make up As an illustration of what has been said above, the criteria under which the answer in each parthe complaint is heard from several fields that not ticular case is to be sought. In dealing with our a few of the "Christian" colleges "have estranged problem, we often come closer to the solution by themselves from the churches and the Christians reminding ourselves again and again of facts and and have become schools for the rich and socially principles we know but which we are apt to forelite, where it is practically impossible for a poor get or ignore.

The Challenge of the Philippines By the REV. NORMAN S. McPHERSON -tEl Vice-President of the Association of Baptists for Evangelism );.- in the Orient A FILIPINO high school senior who was work- many months had passed yielded his life for full- ing his way through school in Manila by time service and enrolled as a student in the laboring in a laundry was one day handed Institute. a tract in jest by a fellow workman. The tract was entitled, "Are You Born Again?" by Bishop This is but one of hundreds who have found J. C. Ryle. The message fell on good soil. At Christ through the varied ministries of the Assohis first opportunity the young man sat down and ciation of Baptists for Evangelism in the Orient. wrote a letter, addressing it to the Manila Evan- It is not too much to say that the Philippines congelistic Institute, publishers of the tract. He con- stitutes one of the most responsive harvest fields in fessed: "I am exactly the man concerned in your the world today. article." After mentioning some of his temptations and seeking advice he asked: "Am I eligible The Association of Baptists is an evangelical to be born again?" agency formed eleven years ago for the propaga- tion of fundamental Christianity – there is no As director of the Institute I replied to his let- other kind-in the Orient. Its activities thus far ter, arranging for him to come and see me. The have been confined to the Philippines, where it interview closed with both of us on our knees maintains two training institutes for Christian while prayer and surrender forged the link bind- workers in addition to a growing provincial work ing another soul to the Christ who once again extending from the northernmost Batanes Islands looked upon the travail of His soul and was satis- down to the Palawan group in the extreme south. fied. The young man began attending Sunday Millions of pages of gospel literature are printed services in the First Baptist Church, and. before on the mission press in Manila in both dialects and English every year. Through the evangelis-

THE NEED OF STUDENTS IN BRAZIL

tic efforts of itinerant gospel teams new churches angels in heaven found fresh cause for rejoicing are established and manned with graduates of in the 672 who found Christ in the opera house the training institutes. and on the street corner during those two weeks.

An indispensable means of evangelizing the While the Philippines constitute a striking op- Palawan group of some forty islands is the Gospel portunity by reason of the cordiality of the re- Ship, Fukuin Maru, formerly used by Northern sponse, the Association believes the time has come Baptists in the Inland Sea of Japan. Captain to expand beyond the confines of these islands, and Skolfield cruises from island to island with a thus fulfil the purpose for which the Association group of Filipino evangelists preaching the Gos- was originally chartered. A new field on the pel and rendering simple medical aid. Twelve island of Ceylon has recently been acquired, and churches have been established with over a thou- plans are now being made to release the Gospel sand members. One day a Moro asked the cap- Ship for a year's survey of New Guinea and other tain what to do for an aching tooth, to which the fields in the Dutch East Indies, many of which captain replied that it would be best to extract it. represent virgin soil. New Guinea is the second Whereupon the Morosaid: "All right, and as soon largest island in the world. Never has the inas you have stopped the ache be sure to put it terior been explored by white men except from back again!" the air. We must not, however, overlook the par- tial penetration in the region of the Fly River. The keynote of the Association of Baptists for Now that mining companies and scientific parties Evangelism in the Orient is, as its name suggests, are planning to exploit the island's natural reevangelism. All of its activities-whether preach- sources, it is believed the Church of Christ caning, teaching, housing students in dormitories, not afford to neglect the souls of the tribesmen in printing, broadcasting, street corner ministry, vis- the interior, many of whom are said to be headitation in hospitals and on ships, student center hunters and totally ignorant of the Gospel. activity-find their focus and impetus in that supreme objective. Every form of evangelism is Nothing short of prevailing prayer will release used to good advantage. At least two hundred the resources in men and money needed for such decisions for Christ a month ar.e made on one a gigantic undertaking. The newspapers recently street corner where student teams proclaim the announced that scientists of the Metropolitan Mu- Gospel six nights a week. During the eucharistic seum of Natural History of New York City expect congress that was held last year in Manila the to explore New Guinea this year with a $250,000 Association of Baptists rented the Manila Grand airplane. What will the Church of Christ do in Opera House for two weeks and brought Leland the face of those thousands who have never so Wang of Hong Kong as special speaker. The much as heard of Christ?

The Need of Students in Brazil –'11 By HAROLD A. COOK, Rio d, Janolto 1111– W E HAVE missions to the Indians, and ef- or after. Remember that he had lived ,his twenty- forts to reach the poor and teach the two years in another world, quite untouched by ignorant in Brazil. Evangelical colleges the Gospel, even though in a modern civilized city. reach a very limited .proportion of students; but On receiving a Testament, he said that he was the Teacher Training Schools, the medical, dental holding the Word of God in his hand for the first and law schoo!<s, and the academic class, as a time in his life. If you do not know who is the whole, present an untouched field, without any leading American jockey of today or the present special effort to evangelize them. They are com- heavyweight boxing champion a member of the paratively untouched. sporting fraterniity would say: "What astounding ignorance! Where have you been brought up?" The students are brought up in a Roman Cath- The pages of the newspaper to which sportsmen olic atmosphere; and a large number of them be- turn first, you do not even look at. The case is come formalis,ts or wander into the desert of the same with the majority of our academic stuagnosticism and scepticism. dents in Brazil. They have not come within a thousand miles of the Gospel, even though there A few months ago I met a college graduate who did not know whether Moses was before Christ

may be an evangelical church round the corner. 3. He would endeavor to keep himself informed The spirit of Christ requires of us, not that we concerning books suitable for his constit- uency and in keeping with the purpose of shall wait for them to come to us, but ,that we shall his mission, so that he could advise and guide go to them. The Good Shepherd went after the inquirers into profitable avenues of Christian lost sheep. literature. (A suitable magazine we already have–.:.viz., Sacra Lux.) A book talk might Brazil is nominally a Roman Catholic country, be the theme of one of his lectures. and for them the world is divided into Catholics and non-Caitholics. Hence many think of Prot- 4. He would make a speciality of personal interestants as in the same class with all the freak view by appointment; at these interviews he religions that have found their way into South could deal with intimate problems which America. Our task is to bring these people to the could not be handled at question time after living Saviour whom they have not so far discov- a lecture. ,While not evading the intellectual ered. side of such problems, he would stress the fact of Christ as the infallible solution to How can ,this be done for the academic classes? every problem, whether intellectual or moral. Not through invitations to our church services; for the large majority would not come. I suggest Doubtless there are many American and Engthree methods, each one dependent on the other; lish graduates who could ably occupy this p{)siefficiency requires all three, but a measure of suc- tion, but other things being equal, a Brazilian cess could be obtained with anyone alone. would be far more preferable. We have such a man. He is still on the youthful side of life, elo· 1. Well-bound Testaments and other suitable lit- quent in speech, attractive in personality, and well erature (well printed) sent through the post, educated, he everywhere gathers large audiences addressed to persons whose names could be of the intellectual class. The evening audience at obtained. The literature should not be sent his own church invariably includes a number of out in large numbers at one time. A safe the professional men of the city, as well as stu- number would be five. dents from the colleges. His book on "Christ as the Man of Sorrows" has gone into a second edi- 2. Personal work by church members who are tion. His pastoral duties prevent him from mak- themselves academics. Andrews should be ing frequent trips away from home, but those he on the lookout for Peters. has made have been crowned with success. The local churches will hire the cinema for a night, 3. A college graduate or university man could give and he will be advertised, not as a visiting pastor, his whole time as a missionary to academic but as an orator and an author. A subject such students. as "The Defects of the Human Will" provides ample opportunity to include the Gospel. Scores The firs.t method requires money and inside co- will attend such a lecture though they would not operation. The second requires men-and there go to a church service. After the leoture it is exare few church members among the academics; plained that owing to the expense of the cinema some who are there have not caught the vision of theater, one of the churches had been offered, and the harvest so near to hand. The third method re there the speaker of the evening could again be quires a specialist. He must have not only grace, heard. By this means many have been lead to but gifts also. If ithere were only one such spe- visit an evangelical church for the first time, and cialist, his work would have to be extensive; if have heard the full Gospel there. They discover there were more than one, their work could be that the Protestants are not as the priests have proportionately intensive. represented them. After the firs,t visit, the sec- ond is much easier, and they are on the way to What would be the work of such a missionary? find the light. I suggest the following main lines. Experience would probably indicate others: The academic class contains the future leaders of this progressive country. Here is a wor-th- 1. He would mix with academics as far as .time while work, which offers a fine opening for invest- and circumstances permitted, in order to ment, with guaranteed returns. make personal contacts. (These contacts would enable him to combine methods 1 and . Not only have we the man for the task, but we 2.) He would be careful not to disclose his also have an organization under whose auspioes he own denominational connection, because he could work and travel-viz., the Brazilian branch is not out ,to win men for his church, but for of the Committee of Cooperation in Latin Amer- Christ. ica, with offices at 254 Fourth Avenue, New York City. 2. He would embrace every opportunity to give addresses – not sermons – to audiences of academics only; these addresses would con- tain the hook of the Gospel, skilfully baited. At such gatherin~s he would invite questions.

B'ack. on Our Furlough*

By REV. RAY E. PHILLIPS, Johannesburg, South Africa Missionary of the American Board; author of "The Bantu Are Coming"

W E HAVE come back to South Africa laden It takes heroic leadership these days to compel with riches. Not in coin of the realm- attention to spiritual truth when the movies, the American or otherwise – but in friends, modern novel, the motor car, and the very air itfresh associations, and a better understanding of self, are agencies of such distracting, conflicting, our task. and competing appeals. It has been a frequent, Nine months of study have been immensely re- and thrilling experience to discover in various warding. We have become acquainted with the parts of the country churches which have evi- work of students of primitive cultures, as well as dently found the message and the methods for with that of research workers in modern indus- enlisting the joyous cooperation of young and old.

trial areas, and we have been assisted in looking There are people in our churches who are crit- at our task from new angles. ical of missions and say so quite frankly.

Mrs. Phillips and I have been privileged to "I have no time for missions," said a church meet with many young people at summer confer- member just before a church supper. "I have ences. What memories we have of companionship always questioned sending missionaries to people with high school and college boys and girls on col- who were perfectly happy in their own way, to lege campuses and at rallies and week-end confer- teach them to wear clothes, to eat our food, and, ences. in short, to bring all of the troubles and problems We have been given ample proof that some of of civilization to them. Wouldn't they really be the finest people in the world are to be found in better off without all these things 1"

the churches. We have been brought into close Statements of this sort are not only a confession contact with people whose names leap to mind of ignorance as to the actual, fear-ridden, soulwith a quickening of the heart-beat. We met destroying life of primitive peoples, but also a many devoted, intelligent, women scattered throughout the churches who are quietly, pa- curious admission that one's religion means little tiently, year after year, creating interest among more than food and clothing and the troubles of the indifferent, raising their quota for benevo- civilization! lences in spite of obstacles of all kinds, leavening the lump of more or less nominal church mem- Which introduces the question whether religious faith can be called "Christian" until it is so vital bership. and radiant that it overflows the bounds of one's We are back in South Africa with a new under- own family, church and nation to embrace all men everywhere 1 standing of the difficuties of the home pastor in America, and a deeper appreciation of the men As we look back on experiences in various cenwe have met in individual churches and at Con- ters, those which seem to have been the most references. Out in the Dust Bowl are men and warding were those where we had time really to women who would have been canonized had they get acquainted.

lived a few centuries back. And they are not all Conditions to Be Improved in the Dust Bowl, or in the smaller, rural Is there anything we have seen that we would like to see improved 1 We would prefer to dodge churches. this question were it not that one or two things In larger churches in the cities and towns, we have forced themselves quite definitely on our at- tention and are grateful for a chance to "off-load have sensed the steady, sacrificial giving of them- themselves," as we say in South Africa. selves on the part of pastors and their wives and the loyal church folk who stand by, all without First, my personal impression is that, in dealthe glamour surrounding missionary activity nor ing with young people, our church leaders are not the rewards and satisfactions that often come to concrete and personal enough when it comes to the worker in foreign lands.

• Condensed from The. Missionary Herald, religious experience. In spite of the ubiquitous [363 ]

insistence upon being realistic it seemed to me and are making Christian activity ultimately that it is almost entirely second-hand testimony meaningless. that is given out to the future members of the church. "Kagawa says-," "Stanley Jones Christ'~ insistence upon individual perfection says-," is about as far as many speakers get in -"Be ye perfect as your Heavenly Father is percommending the practice of Christianity. fect"-requires an eternity for its achievement. Belief in an eternity of existence in the realm of But I cannot escape the definite impression that an active, working God, one who is working speakers to young people and conference leaders against difficulties and who rej oices in the growth would rather do anything else than explain just of his children to share with him in his vast, coswhat Christ means to them. mic enterprise – this gives glorious meaning to life now. Is prayer a reality to them? Just what response do they receive from the Unseen God that deepens It validates and justifies the presence of probtheir conviction that they are on the right track? lems of increasing complexity in human life and Can they look back in their lives to any certain regards sacrifice and suffering as stepping stones time when they were certain that they were being to that finer type of manhood pre-requisite to guided by The Heavenly Father? emergence on a loftier plane of deity.

In short, is their faith something that they We must re-discover belief in Eternal Life on themselves have experienced, or is it a good phi- a new basis, not as "dope" but as "dynamite," losophy of life to be assented to intellectually as attaching permanent value to present-day spirethically sound. itual attainment, in order to inject fresh interest and more powerful incentive into Christian life On the occasions when I have suggested to and activity. Stripped of faith in the immorspeakers at summer conferences that they con- tality of the individual soul, how are we Christclude their talks with a personal testimony, noth- tians any better off in the matter of objectives ing has happened. than the Communists who are working for a righteous order here on earth and who have ex- In my seminar groups I have found that young ceeded the humanists in cleverness by making its people are hungry for an exchange of real, vital attainment lie just ahead-a few more five-year experience, and are grateful for personal confi- plans? dence on the part of the leader. With the background of belief in a Father God To my mind the main appeal of the Oxford who operates. in a universe so vast that he can Groups can be found right here. There is the utilize through the eternities that lie ahead, the ring of reality about their doing. One after an- potentialities latent in every individual on this other "Grouper" will say: "I have experienced-," small earth, this Christian task takes on added HI have been guided to-." radiance and significance.

Again, some churches and Christians seem to Even my black friends in Africa are seen to be be groping in a fog when it comes to a Christian of stupendous value; their future growth is of basis for missions or for Christian life at all these vital concern to all of us. We go gladly back to days. our work in that great land to bring the Good News to Bantu folk of their magnificent destiny Our fathers had a long-time objective, a heaven as sons of a Living God, and to help mold enof rest for the weary and of bliss for the suffer- vironing conditions which will help to develop ing, which put in proper perspective the inequali- that type of character which is essential to those ties and disabilities of earth and gave a sense of who would become "joint-heirs" of Christ. urgency to spreading the Good News. In the last ten years the American Bible Society Col- The whole idea of Immortality seems to have porteurs have sold eighty-five million copies of Scripture, become vague and indistinct, certainly it has small and .great. The Eastern Agency of the United ceased to have richness of content to many Chris- States showed last year an eighty per cent increase in the tians, many clergymen. Some of the younger purchase of whole Bibles. The Society put 35,000 Testachurch leaders are frank in admitting that Eter- ments into the Civilian Conservation Camps in 1933. One nal Life has no meaning for them. They say: agent and his colporteurs is working the little State of S·an Salvador on a house to house program, and expects "Why worry about it when there is so much to to cover the entire state in five years. Already they have be done in cleaning up this old world? Let us gone through 27 towns and 272 rural districts with a work for the coming of the Kingdom of God on population of 219,128. Gideons have placed Bibles in three earth." of the largest hotels of the City of San Salvador; also in those of Santa Ana and San Miguel. This is their first While agreeing as a social worker, that stu- placement by Gideons in Central America. pendous tasks remain to be undertaken to make society Christian, I cannot but feel, and with ERNEST GORDON. equal intensity, that without a long-range view of life as Eternal we are emasculating our Gospel

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II Effective Ways of Working Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~=I==============================~~~ PATTERNS TO FIT ANY A hymn, "Lead on 0 King She then calls on the entire membership to rise and take a PROGRAM Eternal," or "The Light of the World Is Jesus" may be used as pledge for cooperation and sup- Whether your organization is an opening. While the pianist port in every way, in order that planning to use the study topics the kingdoms of this world may or an independent outline as a plays suitable music softly, a basis for the year's programs, young woman in white, carrying become the Kingdom of our Lord plans to brighten up the topics and S a vi 0 u r, Jesus Christ. and also to mark certain out- a large candle, enters and is imstanding days and occasions in mediately followed by the six re- Leader declares the officers are the course of the yeftr are desir- tiring and six incoming officers, duly installed and a closing able, unless the work is to be- all bearing candles but with only prayer is offered before the parcome dull and unalluring save those of the former lighted. to those already interested in ticipants march out to the tune missions. Look through the fol- When the leader moves to the of "Fling Out the Banner." lowing suggestions, gathered right side of the table, the offifrom here and there, and see cers take their places in front of Another effective installation whether you may not find some the chairs, the two presidents usable program patterns. exercise is based on the plan of standing in the center, etc., in a wheel. Called to the front, the corresponding pairs. new president stands at the cen- ter with the other officers When all are in place, the around her to form the hub, the leader sets her large candle in circle chairman a few feet far- For Special Days and the center of the circle and re- ther out constituting the rim. Occasions cites impressively selected Scrip- These chairmen hold ribbons ex- ture passages regarding light, its tending to the president, to form Installation Services: With function in the City of the New the spokes. Then the installing new officers coming in at the be- Jerusalem, and our obligation to officer reads a choice statement ginning of the fiscal year, many extend this light to the non- as to God's mighty plan for His societies will welcome ways of Christian world, this being the work on earth necessitating hu- placing the mantle of responsi- occasion for the present recon- man activation, the Church bebility on the shoulders of the secration service. ing the chief instrument through leaders and rallying the mem- Next, the retiring president which this cooperation is accom- bership to get behind the work. places her candle on No.1 in the plished. Each machine has many An impressive service used for circle and recites, "The Lord is wheels, each one has its place the Young People's Department my light and my salvation," ad- with its specific work to be faith- of the M. E. Women's Foreign dressing the incoming president fully and steadily done. The so- Missionary Society first sets its as to her duties and responsi- ciety (whatever organization is stage with 12 chairs in a semi- bilities. The latter lights her giving the program) is one very circle back of a table on which candle at the large central taper important wheel in the local a circle 18 inches in diameter and placing it in the circle on church unit, the officers before has been marked, 12 numbers No.7, recites, "They that wait the audience being a most re- being marked thereon at regular upon the Lord," etc. sponsible portion. "This wheel intervals so the officers may see The retiring president steps before us has 10 spokes, a frame- just where to place their candles. back a pace while the leader calls work as you see, each one the Instead of, or with, the candles, the first vice-presidents, the pro- chairman of a group which in- a cape of white with a cross of cedure for the two presidents cludes you and me. There must blue may be worn on the left being duplicated, with new be an ever-widening-out in shoulder of each retiring officer, verses. In similar fashion each hearty cooperation, the whole and taken off and put on the set of officers takes part, until circumscribed by the rim of officer succeeding her at the all are in position. The leader united cooperation. The wheel moment when she is installed. faces the (inner) circle of offi- must be oiled, kept clean and Headbands of white with blue cers and calls on them to repeat free from rust, have perfect bal- cross in front may be worn by the pledge for faithful discharge ance, do its work in harmony all. of duties, as she lines it out. with other wheels, avoid fric- [365 ]

tion, and be repaired from time N. J., tells of the meeting place praise the Lord," and "Come to to time by the One who regulates the whole (Jesus Christ)." A arranged as the waiting room of the Y. W. A. meeting of Praise consecration hymn and prayer follow. a railway station, "Division of and Thanksgiving, at" (date The Annual Meeting: Much our Great Baptist National and and place). tact and endeavor are usually necessary to lighten the heavy International Railways." There A very charming plan, as details and make the service attractive. Church Business re- were reports. from the secretary, given in the Baptist mimeoports this one, as used in a church at Medina, Ohio: The the treasurer and the corre- graphed sheet, Program Pointprogram sheet was headed: sponding secretary-who arrives ers, describes a pot of gold "ON BOARD THE GOOD SHIP on a late train preceded by "red (brass bowl filled with orange 'FIRST CHURCH,' IN PORT AT caps" carrying her luggage, etc. flowers) on a table decorated MEDINA FOR ITS 115TH ANNUAL Around the room was a maga- with rainbow colors, seven gold MEETING ON . . . . . . (DATE AND zine stand displaying the denom- paper streamers leading into it. HOUR) ." inational magazine and reading Seven participants, each with a Order of the Day- contest books; travelers' aid crepe paper sash representing a (a) Hear the reading of the Ship's log for 1938 (nominating (White Cross work for mission'-. rainbow color, stand together committee's report). hospitals) ; tickets (the new gift with a silver box in one hand (b) Transact business and make necessary repairs while Ship boxes); information booth (new and the end of one of the gold is in dry dock. literature), etc. Girls of a junior streamers in the other, singing (c) Set it afloat for 1938-39 with all good wishes. organization served as red caps "There's a Rainbow Shining (d) Election of new officers for the or helpers. Certain reports are Somewhere," the audience join- Ship (clerk and tellers). received as telegrams by girl in ing in the chorus. (This can be (e) Assembling of Officers and Sail- ors on Upper Deck-special messenger's cap. The Prayer obtained in sheet music from the music on ship-board. (Gath- ering for church dinner.) Committee reports on the Source Rodeheaver Co., Philadelphia.) (f) "All Aboard!" of Power. The Scriptures were One by one these seven persons The Ship's Mess-the Stewardess and used as "running orders." Post- take part, each holding up her Helpers (dinner at 6: 30 p. m.) . ers told of house parties to be box as she speaks. Calling of Crew together for the An- nual Session. held in summer (missionary (1) Violet stands for Faith, (a) Devotions and prayer for safe conferences). There was a without which we cannot fill our return ….. the Chaplain. lunch ro?m glee club, and. after silver offering boxes. (b) Reading of the Ship's Log ….. the meetmg t~e membershIp fol- (2) Indigo stands for Hope, the Captain. lowed the SIgn to the ~unch and without hope for the future (c) Recognition of the Crew (pas- counter w her e sandWIches, we shall not have the inspiration toral committee, trustees- who keep Ship afloat; mis- doughnuts. and co f fee. were needed to fill the boxes. sionary committee – who di- rect its course to faraway served. Fmally the trll;m an- Similarly there are repre- parts; the men – "who lie down below, below"; the nounce; called, the. trams. on sented Blue for Joy, Green for choir-who keep us joyful; tracks 35 ,~nd 36, w~~h ,~tah?ns the S. S. – that makes good sl:1ch " a~ .Harm?n~;" AmIty- Brotherliness, Yellow for Pa- sailors; the young people– v~lle,', FrI~~dshIr,,, Opportu- who will be officers some day; mty and SerVICe, ~nd the tience, Orange for Loyalty, Red the scouts-who are at your for Sacrifice. "We put these service). boxes in the Rainbow Pot of The Purser's Report (treasurer). newly elected officers (mstalled silver; but if given with our by the p,~stor) left ~y t~e door Faith, Hope, Joy, Brotherliness, Report of Keeper of Records (clerk). marked To the Trams. etc., they will surely come from Three Cheers for the Old Crew-the *** Stokers and All. the Pot of Gold transformed into Launching of the Ship for Another Thanksgiving and also the golden gifts ready to lift the Voyage (announcement of new officers) . annual Thank Offering Meeting burden of our denomination and Ports Ahead ("What I'd like to see are high lights deserving special worthy of the 'Well done' of the Ship do this year," and "Where the Ship might go"). features. A poster suggestion our Master." Then followed a "Blest Be the Tie that Binds." for advertising a young wom- song specially composed for the Benediction. an's meeting (in The Window occasion.

*** of Y. W. A.) showed two young A good devotional for a Another plan used by Mrs. women standing at opposite Thanksgiving meeting uses a A. H. C. Morse, of Jersey City, sides of the page, the one on the Scriptural acrostic. After open- left carrying a basket of goodies ing remarks on the special occa- labelled as petitions for things sion, say, "Let us think for selfishly desired, with a very awhile of the letters in the word few labelled "Thank you." The T-h-a-n-k-s-g-i-v-i-n-g that are girl on the right held a basket of also the first letters of the words delectables labelled for things that cause our hearts to be for which she was grateful. Both thankful" : baskets were extended as if be- T-ruth, Psalm 117: 2; H-ope, ing offered up to God. Blessings Psa. 39: 7; A-bide, John 15: 10; poured in a shower on the girl N-ame, Luke 8: 30a; K-now, at the right, the words under- Luke 19: 43; S-ee, Psa. 65: 5a; neath being, "0 that men would G-race, Acts 11: 23a; I-ncline,

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

Josh. 24: 23; V-oice, 1 Cor. 14: Seat. Once more we are re- member of the several women's 10; I-ncrease, Provo 9: 9b; minded that out of one blood boards, thus acquiring a knowl- N-ew, Rev. 21: 5a; G-o Forward, God hath made all nations of edge of missionaries under Ex. 14: 15. We can "Go For- men, and that all may come to world-wide conditions. For 25 ward" on deeds of mercy and Him with their burdens and years she was Methods Editor love, after this service, and so cares. of Missions and wrote missionfind happiness in things to be ary leaflet literature, pamphlets thankful for. Sing, "Count And now as the day lengthens and pageants. In 1932 she be- Your Many Blessings." A brief toward the setting sun, the West- gan to edit this Department in talk follows each letter in this ern Hemispheres take up the the REVIEW. Mrs. Aitchison acrostic. – Adapted from World strain – from pole to pole, in hopes, after a period of rest, to Comrades. many tongues-Spanish or Por- take up writing and speaking tuguese, Alaskan or French, again. Outstanding Features for English or Indian, we lift our Any Meeting hearts and voices to the God of Miss Grace McGavran Nations, who is the God of the Takes Hold A Diurnal Cycle of Prayer, as individual too, and pray for perused at a Presbyterial group sonal and civic righteousness- As we bid farewell to Mrs. meeting, may be incorporated "Thy Kingdom come, Thy will Aitchison, we welcome to our into any program as its devo- be done." editorial staff Miss Grace W. tional, or used on the Day of McGavran of Indianapolis, In- Prayer. Another name for it is "Prayer in the land of the fir tree and diana, who will become the Ed- "A Prayer Quest" : pine; itor of this Department. She is a member of the "Disciples" Out on the wide Pacific where Prayer in the land of the fig tree Church and has had wide and East meets West, this day's peti- valuable experience in writing tions are borne. Faraway Japan and vine; and in promoting better and hears the call to prayer and more effective methods of pre- Christians, both white and yel- Prayer where the waves dash loudly senting missions to groups of low, gather and bow the knee Christians at home. to the same Father. Our own and cold; hearts but echo the terror and She was brought up in India appeal in theirs, as they see that Prayer where the lion stalks fearless and later was a secretary of Misfair land following the god of sionary Education in the United War. and bold; Christian Missionary Society. Her first contribution will ap- Swiftly the hours move west- Prayer in cathedrals whose spires pear in our September number, ward and soon the call to prayer dealing with "Tested Methods resounds across the far East, in tower high; for Increasing Interest at Home" Korea and Siam, in Cambodia -through books, enlisting new and Anam, and in war-torn Prayer in kirks and cabins close by; members, improving missionary China. Thousands lift up their meetings, drama and other pracvoices to Almighty God in a na- Prayer where two are gathered to tical plans. She will keep in tion-wide cry for peace and mind the interests and needs of safety. pray; , pastors, teachers and parents, as well as those of officers of local Christians all over India join Everywhere, everywhere, prayer to- societies and laymen. We bewith us and with each other to speak for Miss McGavran your plead with the God of nations to day." hearty cooperation. If you have lead them to the right solution any problems or questions along of their internal difficulties. Mrs. Aitchison Retires these lines, or any experience or ideas that have proved effective The sun moves on over the After editing this department in promoting missionary inter- Near East and bathes the ancient on "Effective Ways of Working" est and cooperation, send them land of Iran and the Hqly to Miss Grace McGavran, 5718 Land of sacred Writ ……… . for nearly seven years, Mrs. Es- Oak Ave., Indianapolis, Indiana. (add a suitable complete statement) . tella S. Aitchison feels it neces- EDITOR., sary to retire. Health needs to Day dawns in Russia, but we be conserved, and other respon- Yesterday evangelism was vodo not find Christians gathering sibilities call for attention. We in churches to pray together. . . join with the readers of this De- cational; today it is avocational. so in humble homes behind partment in deep gratitude to locked doors . . . Mrs. Aitchison for the faithful Yesterday it was perennial; to- way in which she has presented As the hours fly swiftly by, the methods that have been of day it is only seasonal. Yesterwe see the blacks in Africa by help to many in the churches. the thousands, and Christians in day it was victorious; today it every country in Europe, meet- Mrs. Aitchison was born in ing around a common Mercy Iowa, and from an early age has is simply visitational. – W. G. been identified with church mis- Coltman. ' sionary organizations. She was married to Dr. John Y. Aitchi- son, a Baptist. minister, who subsequently became joint secre- tary for Baptist Home and For- eign Mission Societies, later Home Secretary for the Baptist Foreign Mission Society, and finally General Director of the Baptist Board of Missions Cor- poration. Mrs. Aitchison shared his rich missionary experience in the pastorate and served as BULLETIN Council of Women for Home Missions EDITED BY MISS EDITH E. LOWRY, 297 FOURTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, N. Y.

~,==================~ THE CHURCH IN THE CITY in which his Church is to face CITY MAN. Charles H. Sears. Friend- the city or the extent to which '.". ship Press, New York. Cloth, Where do the greatest number hI·S. Chu'rch'~s t a 11 ow t h.e C' tI.y TH$E1.50C;ROpWaDpEeDr, 7W5AcYeSn.ts. Charles H. of Americans live? How much do they know about their en- 0 vironment? How do they earn to mfluence It. Not only IS thIS Sears. Friendship Press New their living? What do they theme for study exceedingly York. Board, 35 cents; pS:per, 25 really get out of life? What part has the Church in influencing tsi.mmce~lry~, bCuh.trIi.St ti·~sanesms. enhtiI'a~l pfroerst~hnet CITcMYenutrsAr.aNyD HC. HLUeRiCffHer. INWTilRleAtNt,SICTIlOarNk. this life in all its varied aspects? partIclpatIOn m Amerlcan hfe. & Co., 1938. $2.50. What part ought the Church to have? All groups whether urban or OUR CITIES: THEIR ROLE IN THE ~A- ·11 fi n' d the S.t ud~ st·lmu- TtiIcOsN, AgLraEpChOs,NOcMhaYr.ts, Hetecl.pfuFl osrtastaIsle- These and many other ques- ru~a1, W tions await answer or stimulat- I ing discussion and enlightenment latmg. Those who hve m large by the Superintendent of Docuin the study of the Home Mis- cities are the subject under con- ments, Washington, D. C. 70 cents. sion Theme for 1938-39 on "The sideration. Those in smaller CITY CHURCH INVENTORY. A brief Church in the City." Follow- ~l·t·les or t owns h. ave some S.lm- mapapnruaaisletoitshelilpfe aanndavseerravgicee.chuPrrcohing the study of last year on Ilar problems or may face them cure from Home Missions Council, the "Church in Rural America" it is appropriate to give equally later. Those in rural areas de- 297 Fourth Avenue, New York. studious attention to the exceedingly challenging city situation. pend upon cities for the pattern 10 cents. Those who fail to take advantage of modern 1I·v·mg. All wh0 be- CO2L1L,IER1S938M. AGAAZrItNicEl.e oIsnsue"Shooft-MGuany long to the Church face the Houses."

Christianizing of the city as a What You Can Do with common task.

Resources Available These Materials As an individual in a number of this opportunity will be losing The Missionary Education of ways you can help to inform a valuable and helpful personal Movement of the United States yourself, your Church and your experience, and will be failing and Canada presents again this friends outside the Church, so as to measure up in their obliga- to profit by these materials. Few year a number of books and lead- city people know their own city, tions to the Church in its major and few realize how important Home Mission task today. ers' guides which will make it a knowledge of the city is in pro- possible for every type of age or moting the City Church. If you The city is a part of a great interest group to outline a course can first increase your own change in trend in American for study or to build programs knowledge and then arouse an which will bring keen interest interest in others by the added life. "In a little more than a and value. Although most of facts you have acquired you will century, our country has pro- the women's groups or mixed be taking an important first step foundly altered its mode of life, adult groups will give major in advancing this program. emphasis to the adult book by and has been transformed from Dr. Kincheloe, leaders will find Some significant facts put a frontier settlement into a full- much valuable reference mate- upon striking posters; some fledged urban, industrial so- rial in all of the books published. graphs or some important staciety." In the June REVIEW Book De- tistics; a map showing different partment will be found a list of population areas in your city; "City Man" has not been pre- books recommended by Dr. the housing situation; the depared for the growth of his city Charles H. Sears of interest to linquency record; the welfare in all of its marked variations. those studying the Church in program; any of these linked up the City. In addition we note wherever possible with the He finds it difficult to adjust here a few additional source ma- Church of your city in its coophimself to the changed and terials that have seemed to us eration, or its lack of cooperachanging environment. Who valuable for reference: tion, may attract the attention of some one and lead to an really is his neighbor becomes a THE CITY'S CHURCH. H. Paul Doug- inquiry concerning the source of question that he himself is baf- lass. Friendship Press, New York. fled in answering. And of ever- Cloth, only 35 cents. increasing importance to him, if he is a church member – not merely on the membership list, but in active service-is the way [368 ]

BULLETIN: COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

your information. If all that For program building for conferences that should lead to a World Federation of Churches. you can do is to read and have women's or you n g people's Secondly, it seeks to renew someone else read these thought- groups there is also adequate the passion that has fired the Christian Church through the provoking books, you have material on the city theme for ages to send forth laborers into all areas of need. Personal conachieved a first goal. many use s. Denominational tacts and messages from our own missionaries and from those But this first step might well headquarters will give you sug- of other races reveal again the lead to the organization of a gestions and will have series of need of a redeeming Saviour. group for more intensive study. programs outlined for your use. It ought to. If so, the group will If you cannot find already out- A balanced program not only be glad not only to work for lined just what seems to meet stretches the mind and gives their own advancement, but they the need of your group, we refer world vision, but attacks the will assist you in bringing to the you again to the above list of concrete problem of how to proentire congregation the results references. From the leaders' ject this vision into the local of your work together. For guides you may select what will church. This year the challenge group study, refer to the lead- appeal to your group. Dr. of India and the miracle of what ers' guides noted above. You Searle's book "City Shadows" is happening to one-sixth of the will find in them many helpful will be sure to find among all a people on the opposite side of the suggestions. If you have a sympathetic response. Anyone globe, will be paralleled by a group to assist you, there might of these chapters will give back- course on how the Church may be produced a more informing ground for a most stimulating make the Kingdom of God efmap of your city. It might be discussion which will make an fective in a modern American started in one session and grow excellent program. city. Instruction on how to profrom session to session. Begin- The City Church in America mote these courses and how to ning with the central area in should be awakened not only to arouse the Church to an urgent your city which will be first geo- thought but to action by the need for action, is essential. graphically and historically, you home mission study for this can ,work out until you have put year. Those who have prepared The third objective of a suminto the map all of the features the materials have done a note- mer conference is the social felof special concern to your group. worthy service. It remains for lowship. In the renewing and It will be found that the general those who have the privilege of forming of new friendships with pattern of city life is similar for using them and of urging others those of like interest and pasdifferent cities in different parts to use them to make the best of sion we find a stimulus to greater their opportunities. May the service. of the country. Many subjects will present "Church" and the "City" profit In the Bible and devotional themselves for discussion or de- in large measure and may the hours, prophets of today will bate. Interesting assignments Kingdom be advanced by this present the Living Christ who, can be made to individuals with- program! as in the days when He walked NONA M. DIEHL, and talked with men, remains in the group from the wealth of today the only hope of a tangled Member of the Annual Meeting world. Only as our hearts burn books and pamphlets available. Committee of the Council of within us will women attending Women for Home Missions. summer conferences find a cre- In a discussion of the city ative faith equal to the mission- Church itself and its present ary task of the Church.

purpose and function a good OBJECTIVES OF A SUM- B. LoUISE WOODFORD, method will be found in the leaders' guide to Dr. Kincheloe's MER CONFERENCE Chairman of the Chautauqua Com.mittee for the Council of book by Kenneth D. Miller. It "Did not our hearts burn with- Women for Home Missions and the Foreign Missions Conwill be agreed that the pattern in us as He talked with us." ference.

of the average city Church Thus spoke two weary, disillu- CONFERENCE LEADERS!

should no longer provide chiefly sioned, discouraged men who Having studied Rural America, leaders will find knowledge of migrant work an infor a Sunday morning service. had found a dynamic faith that dispensable springboard connecting Rural America with the American City and its Neither should the Neighbor- sent them out to help change a Church. Conference Packets have been ashood House, built up chiefly . world. The summer missionary sembled for the use of leaders, including the booklet They Starve that We May Eat; a around group activities, be al- conferences plan to bring to Leader's Guide to be used In connection with They Starve that We May Eat; an Illuslowed to take the place of the women today, who also live in a trated map; A Volume of Service,' Around the Calendar with the Crops; and other Church. Mr. Miller presents in weary, disillusioned world, a valuable material all for the price of 60 cents. Write to the Council of Women for the last two sessions of his out- faith that will dare the impos- Home Missions, 297 Fourth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or your denominational headline a constructive plan for dis- sible. quarters for the packet.

cussing the place and function First it seeks to clarify the of the Church in the modern place of the ongoing Christian city. The Church should not Mission of the Church amid the duplicate other city service movements that threaten the activities, but it must become democratic ideals of Christiancivic-minded. It must not only ity. It presents the urgent need elaborate its policy but rethink of a united Christian front and its philosophy. the attempt made in recent

World~wide

A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ~~ EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO "

~'I=·================I~ ISLANDS OF THE PAOIFIO ment and plaster work. The about to devour Jesus. Numer- Ways of Working in building will accommodate 1,000 ous caricatures of God, the Pope, the Philippines people. It will be cruciform in ,,..priests, ministers and rabbis Filipino Christian workers emphasize the personal touch, shape, with a bell tower and were included. The crusade and recognize the value of Christ-like living. One of them cross, a concrete base, raised against the Roman Catholic writes: altar and choir stalls, over which Church in Mexico was portrayed "We have tried to meet individuals at the most opportune there will be a Gothic arch. with numerous pages from time here and there, in our homes or theirs, on the street, in Spotlights will be used to illu- school books. Communism, the market, in the stores, in their places of work in the town or minate the choir, altar and fascism and totalitarianism were country. We have met people on all sorts of occasions, at electric organ chamber. All fur- also featured as enemies of weddings, funerals, receptions, parties, birthday celebrations, nishings will be of redwood to Christianity. In the German fiestas, social functions, recreation times – wherever a word resist white ants, which de- section, newspapers and pamcould be said to turn attention to Christ and the Church. stroyed the old church. phlets set forth the German "Many of our best members -Pacific Islands Monthly. Neo-Pagan Movement. One have been won by following up the faithful work of teaching the pamphlet, w h i c h emphasized Gospel in the Sunday Schools. Much good has been accom- Australian Youth Oalling anti-Semitism, was entitled, plished through the use of tracts. "Jesus-Only a Jew." Also, the traveling clinics have Ninety thousand Australian proved powerful evangelizing Christian Endeavorers have in- An hour in this exhibition was agencies. A doctor, a nurse, two deaconesses and two helpers vited other Endeavorers from a sobering experience. It is now comprise such a team. Two all nations and tongues to meet weeks as a rule are spent in a in Melbourne on August 2', 1938, on a tour of schools, colleges and town. The days are given to the healing of men's bodies, while for the Tenth World's Christian patriotic societies throughout the evenings are devoted to Endeavor Convention. Here is health talks and messages which one of the youngest nations call- the country as an evidence of the point them to the Great Physician who is able to heal their ing Christian youth of all na- extent to which anti-religious souls. propaganda will go when given Portable Ohurch license. -Missions. A church, to be shipped in sections to Nauru Island, in the tions to meet for an advance. Juvenile Delinquency Central Pacific, has been built Australia is a great, largely unin Melbourne, Australia. Wood, The New Jersey Juvenile Decement and fibrous plaster are developed continent about as linquency Commission has just the main materials. They were large as China or as the United submitted a report to the Govpaid for with £3,000 subscribed ernor, in which it is shown that by the Nauruans, who will erect States of America – but it now failure to attend church and a the church and complete the ce- contains only about 4,000,000 lack of religious training has a people-mostly white.

NORTH AMERIOA direct bearing upon the problem An Anti-God Show of juvenile delinquency and crime. In their search for causes An unusual exhibition was re- and cures, the Commission inter- cently held in New York City, viewed 1,500 offenders serving sponsored by the Roman Cath- terms in four penal institutions, olic Church. It featured more inquiring into their home rela- than 2,500 books, pamphlets, tionships, school experiences, magazines, handbills, posters church attendance and other and other anti-God propaganda factors. In the findings of the material. Three years were re- Commission we read: quired to assemble this array, "Though the great majority including a number of bitterly of the mothers and fathers of anti-religious posters from Rus- these offenders attended some sia. church, according to the testi- One poster showed a Russian mony of their sons, regular at- peasant with a gigantic broom tendance was far less common sweeping away Bibles, ikons, in- among the sons themselves. cense burners, etc. Another "Of the mothers, 80 per cent showed a group of cannibals were declared to be regular in [370 ] attendance, and 65 per cent of object was to examine personal fect would check the spread of the fathers. No fewer than 43 lives in the light of God's truth false political systems. Said per cent of the offenders gave a and God's commands, so that we she: blunt 'no' with respect to their should heed Him when He own attendance, and enough speaks. "The Christian world has paid tribute to the witnessing of the more returned equivocal answers "As soon as the term began German church and its pastors to bring the number of irregular the program was sent to every against Hitler. We know what attendants up to 53 per cent. resident member of the Univer- Christianity means to those peo- Thus, only 47 per cent claimed sity-both senior and junior- ple now. I would like to know some 6,000 people. Together what it meant to them at an any regularity of attendance." with it was an open letter from earlier date. What were they the three missioners stating the doing when Hitler was rising to Is New York Pagan? case for such a mission and power? What was the Church emphasizing their own unity of doing? What was the Y. W. The City of New York, with conviction." C. A. doing? Was there a time when the united action of Chrisits 7,500,000 inhabitants, has -Intercollegian and Far tian forces could have averted H.orizons. Naziism? Is not that where we 1,074 Protestant churches, with are today? … Preaching Mission Continues 554,000 members. Thus only "This is not an easy time to In spite of the fact that the be a Christian. We are faced seven per cent of the population National Preaching Mis s ion with the problem of putting ended last December, the impulse Christianity into practice in an is reported as having member- continues, of which the latest in- age characterized by a meaning- dication is the decision of the lessness that is terrifying, by an ship in Protestant churches of North Dakota Association of insecurity that breeds fear and Denominational Superintendents drives us to unreasoning action the American metropolis. Of to conduct a state-wide mission when the securities we set up in the autumn of 1938. The for ourselves prove vulnerable." these members less than forty plan has been endorsed by the state organizations of the Meth- -Religious News Service. per cent indicate that they at- odist, Baptist, Congregational and Presbyterian bodies. Six Presbyterian Centennial Fund tend church and only two per missions will be held in six dif- ferent centers of the State- A year ago the Presbyterian cent, on an average, will be Grand Forks, Devil's Lake, Board of Foreign Missions, cele- Minot, Fargo, Jamestown and brating one hundred years of found in Christian churches on Bismarck. service, set a goal of $1,000,000 to be raised for foreign missions. anyone Sunday. There are 194,- Nine missions have been held The Fund has now passed the at different centers in Maine, half million mark. In view of 000 on the rolls of the Sabbath four days being spent in each the sudden and unexpected place by the group of cooper- financial "recession," the Board schools, or about two per cent ating leaders; 141 local churches considers it a matter for thank- of 10 denominations cooperated fulness that this much has been of the population. This shows and the total attendance in the accomplished. It has been voted nine missions was approximately to approve the following per- New York to be one of the great 18,000. One of the practical out- centage allocation of this Fund: comes of the Maine Mission was non-Christian centers of the the decision to hold a state con- I. New Missionaries …… 600/0 vention of the pastors of all II. Restoration of Salary Cuts 200/0 world and one of the places denominations next fall for wor- III. Evangelistic Expansion. 11 0/0 ship, to plan the year's program IV. Educational and Medical greatly in need of evangeliza- and to promote interdenomina- tional comity and understanding. Expansion ……….. 80/0 tion. -Revelation. V. Other Urgent Needs …. 10/0 -Federal Council. Christian Evangelism Pioneer Among the Pimas in Colleges Fresh Dynamic Needed This year marks the hun- Twenty universities in the Mrs. Austin Kimball, national dredth ann i v e r s a r y of Dr. United States are planning president of the Y. W. C. A., in Charles H. Cook, who for thir- "Christian Missions" during the her opening address to the 2,000 teen years worked among the next college year. The report of delegates to the organization's Pima Indians of Arizona witha "Mission to the University at 15th biennial convention, in Co- out a single convert, but lived Oxford, England," meeting last lumbus, Ohio, last April, said to see 2,000 of them accept February, will help to clar- that Christian ideals put into ef- Christ. Not far from where he ify the thought of those who first taught stands the First plan these missions in America. Presbyterian Church of Tucson, We quote from this report: "It was decided that what was needed was a clear and unequivocal declaration of the one eternal Gospel. The essential thing for a Christian university, now so largely oblivious of its Christian origin, is to be clear about what Christianity is. …

"The preparation began publicly at the beginning of last October, and since then weekly services of prayer have been held. In all the twenty-eight colleges there were meetings of small groups of Christian leaders, for prayer and study. The

a memorial to this "apostle to damaged. Last April the Church Scofield, the report says: "Only the Pimas." From this center have sprung up seven other filed claims against the Japanese recently has it taken the whole churches which serve a population of 6,000 Indians. They are government for this damagE;, and question of church development strategically located over an area about the size of Connecti- for the use of its property for seriously: in the past it has been cut. war purposes. The lowest esti- confent simply to preach and to Through Dr. Cook's influence a training school for Indians was mate of the damage sustained is pass on." founded in 1911. All the native evangelists now at work on the $500,000. That is to say, more impor- Pima, Papago, Maricopa and Apache fields are former pupils This appeal to Secretary of tance is being given to the mainof the Charles H. Cook Bible School. There are also many State Hull is the first to be made tenance of a settled ministry. others who are Sunday School teachers, choir directors and officially by a Church board. The book's statistics show that exemplary citizens in their home communities. Pimas have sent Other denominations have con- the total number of evangelical forth their missionaries to the Papagos, the Apaches (their sidered such action, but so far Christians in the one republic ancient enemies) and to others u n til the establishment of none have been made. of Guatemala is almost equal to Christian citizenship among the 18 tribes of Arizona is one great '~–the total number of the other enterprise. LATIN AMERIOA four republics combined. -Monday Morning. Training Porto Rican Youth – Watchman-Examiner. China Relief Organizations A Training School for Sunday Indians' Search for God The following agencies in School teachers and officers in America have been at work the three Presbyterian churches The South American Missionhelping China's distress: The of Mayaguez, P. R., was held ary Society has been engaged American Bureau for Medical recently, with an attendance of for nearly a century in the diffi- Aid to China; the American 65. The courses included: Sur- cult task of taking the Gospel to Red Cross; American Student vey of the New Testament, the Indians of that continent. Union; Associated Boards for Teaching P rim a r y Children, One piece of pioneer work in the Christian Colleges; China Emer- Story Telling, History of the Argentine Chaco has been regency Civilian Relief; China Bible and Methods of Teaching. markably successful. About Famine Relief, U. S. A., Inc.; Almost all who took the courses seven years ago, Toba Indians China War Relief Association; were young people. Specific sent a deputation to the Mission, Chinese Women's Relief Asso- problems of the field were dis- asking for a teacher and saying ciation; Federal Council of cussed, and a spirit of enthu- that they were in search of "Our Churches; International Stu- siasm was manifest. Father." Mr. Leake accepted dent Service; National Intercol- the challenge, prepared to graplegiate Christian Council, the In Porto Rico, where there are ple with the difficult language, National Student Federation of more children in Sunday School and in November, 1930, launched America and the various Church than in any Spanish-speaking the new undertaking. During boards having work in China. country, there are thirty Pres- the intervening years, there has Send your gift to any of these. byterian Young People's Socie- been a steady stream of converts, ties, with nearly 1,200 members. corporate church life has been Other groups whose only ac- Three district Unions hold quar- established, and the singing of tivity is raising funds for relief hymns has now superseded the include the International Mis- terly Conventions; once a year incantations of the witch-doctor. sionary Council, China Child Before the advent of the mission- Welfare and China Medical all assemble in one general Con- ary, the Tobas were a dying race, Boards. vention. At the last such meet- but medical service has effec- ing, those in attendance were tively arrested a mounting Damage Claims Against divided into three groups for death-rate. Furthermore, total Japanese discussion of the "Youth and illiteracy, which originally pre- Spiritual Emphasis Program of vailed, has largely been over- Of Southern Methodist prop- the Board of Christian Educa- come. erty in China, 24 buildings are tion." This proved to be more said to be in ashes and 98 per stimulating than the usual pro- A striking feature of the work cent of the remainder have been gram of speeches. is the self-appointment of twelve Indian evangelists who, on their Religion in Central America own initiative, determined to go out each Sunday afternoon into The World Dominion Press the villages and preach the Gos- has added to its numerous sur- pel. Before setting out, it is veys of mission fields one on their practice to meet in a small Central America. One finds prayer-hut, where they seek from this survey that "there is guidance and plan their itiner- less educational activity in Cen- ary. Results everywhere follow tral America in proportion to their preaching, and their ex- evangelistic enterprise than is ample has led to the erection of general in the larger Latin other prayer-huts. American republics." -The Christian. Of the Central American Mis- sion founded in 1890 by Dr. C. 1.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

North Brazil Evangelical tional) received an additional so prevalent among Christians is Seminary faithless and unreasonable. . . . income of over 17,000 pounds, Two years ago a group of and came within some 8,000 Religion is a natural instinct. Deworkers in North Brazil unani- pounds of wiping out its accu- generate people will have a degenerate mously agreed that the solution mulated deficiency of 76,000 religion. If Christianity becomes exto their problem was an inter- pounds. The Baptist Society tinct for want of teachers, the Holy denominational Bible School for finished with a heavy' deficit of Spirit will take care of the Church. the training of Brazilian work- Church history has shown us again ers. As the months passed, one 13,000 pounds. Through be- and again that the blood of the mardifficulty after another was re- tyrs is the seed of the Church. I think moved, and the Union Bible quests the C. M. S. received the Church was probably at its purest School became an established 98,000 pounds, the Bible Society during the persecutions which weeded fact. A spacious house was 68,000 pounds, and the London out the insincere and the half-hearted; Missionary Soc i e t y 33,000 and I believe that in all these coun- pounds. tries which I have mentioned the ulti- mate result of the anti-God campaign placed at the School's disposal will be the revival of Christianity in and fifteen students appeared at Protestantism in Portugal a purer form than before the troubles. Religion really is not taught: it is the opening. The two Bible The Evangelical Alliance of caught from someone who has it al- Portugal has recently issued a ready. And your duty and mine, if Schools which had previously we want to make Christianity a more existed and whose amalgamation compilation of those laws which vital force . . . is to show forth the affect the standing of the Prot- fruits of the Spirit-love, joy, peace, formed the "Seminario Evan- estant Churches in Portugal. longsuffering, gentleness, goodness, gelico de Norte," taken together, The fact that these occupy forty temperance.

had not approached this number.

There had been no effort to in- pages of small print show the Unified Church in France duce students to come and no attention which is given to regpublicity whatever. They just ulating the position of the local A unified Protestant Church arrived. religious bodies. The effect of in France was achieved as a re- They come from the various sult of a meeting at Lyon of the recent cases of discrimination Constituent Assembly of Protstates in North Brazil, from against evangelicals by local au- estant Churches on April 28. Pernambuco, Sergipe, Parahyba, thorities is reflected in these The Assembly brought together pages, which contain the text of Ceara, Maranhao and Para. over 600 congregations of four They represent all classes. There recent instructions sent to all such authorities, laying down denominations to heal a breach are those from the hoe, and the in French Protestantism that more cultured city men. They that "it is not to be tolerated goes back to 1872, when liberals that evangelical C h r i s t ian s among the Evangelical Reare drawn from the various de- should be the victims of vionominations at work in North formed Church declined to sub- Brazil. They vary in capacity. lence." scribe to a new Declaration of -World Dominion Press. Some are taking only the two Faith and established the Reyears of intensive training for evangelists offered by the Sem- "Gloomy Dean" Sees Gleam formed Church. inary, while others avail them- The two other groups now selves of the full theological The former Dean of St. Paul's joining in the unification are the course. in London, Dr. W. R. lnge, has fifty odd congregations of the -The Neglected Continent. no gloomy view of the future of Free Evangelical Church and religion. In an article in the about 2'5 Methodist congrega- Christian World on "The Revolt EUROPE Against Christianity," he says: tions in France. The union is based upon a new Declaration British Mission Deficits . . . It is true that real persecution of Faith which is a moderate re- eXIsts in sev-.:n,J parts of the world With an estimated 30% of statement of the historic Calvin- church members supporting the quite as violent as the early church ism of the Reformed Churches. missionary movement in Eng- suffered at the hands of the Roman This is the fourth major move Emperor. In Russia thirty bishops land, three British missionary and more than eight thousand priests toward unification of Western societies report deficits, one have been murdered. In Spain four Protestant Churches. Previ- thousand priests have, they say, sufmanaged to hold its own and an- fered death. The property of the ously there was the creation of other reduced its debt. Church has been confiscated, and the Church of Scotland from the churches have been destroyed; the many Presbyterian sects in that The Church Missionary So- ciety, with an income of 415,000 public performance of divine worship country, the formation of the prohibited and religious education enpounds sterling, reports 570 tirely stopped. Blasphemous posters United Church of Canada which deficit of 20,000 pounds for the from Russia and other countries have year. The Methodist Society has been exhibited, intended to bring reli- has developed a very close work- ing agreement with the Church been able to make ends meet, gion into contempt. The same things of England in Canada, and the while the Bible Society received have been enacted in Germany. . . . almost completed move towards I have no wish to minimize the 378,000 pounds and spent 385,- danger of these revolts against all Methodist unification in the 000 pounds. The London Mis- that we hold true and holy; but I United States. sionary Soc i e t y (Congrega- think that the pessimism which is now -Religious News Service.

Persecuted Waldensians time witnessing to what the explain this book to the best of Lord has done for them. their knowledge during the R. M. Stephens, of the Wal- -Scripture Gift Mission. church service. densian Church Missions of Lon- Poland's Bible School "The National Church is dedon, tells of his recent visit in The eyes of the world have termined to exterminate unalter- South Italy and Sicily. Speak- been focussed on Poland in coning of an interview he had with nection with the Lithuanian ably and by all necessary means the Waldensian pastor in charge the Christian faith which was problem, but with the peaceful imported into Germany in the of the work of the Bible Society fatal year of 800, and pressed in Rome, he says: "The difficul- upon the German people though ties of Bible circulation increase. settlement of this question Po- it was of an entirely foreign na- Last year the authorities in- l~nd has strengthekned ~er poshi- ture and substance.

formed him that 'it was incon- bon as a bulwar. agamst t e "In the National Church f the venient' that Bibles should be hordes of commumsm and athe……__ ~erman!t e·ICh h . roeml.~- ism pressing upon her eastern t ere IS no sold without any indication as to sS!lOrensos ft~sl~Sns.agaIm~ aassnedrtasg, a3m:nd, . which Church published them. border. While the State is the wIll On being informed that the Bible fence to keep out communism, that it is left for the Church to stem sms 'YhI~h ha;re been comm.ltted Socety was not a Church it was the tide of atheism. The Evan- once m .lIfe wIll. be unrelentmgly ordered that no Bibles should be sold. . . . At Foggia I met Pas- gelical Churches are in the fore- met wIth pymshment by the tor Castiglione and went with front in this undertaking, and brazen and Irrevoc~ble l.aws ~f are cemented by the World's na~ure,', and certamly m thIS him by car to Orsara in the mountains, where there has been Evangelical Alliance. Recently, wo ld.

a church for forty years. A few the Alliance sent a deputation to Rome's Influence in Yugoslavia hours before our arrival the Poland to survey conditions and leading elder and founder of the needs. The visitors were as- According to a new law in Church passed away. While I sured by the Prime Minister, a Yugoslavia, all religions are was there a message came to the Protestant, that the Government placed on a nominally equal offi- pastor from the police to say will favor the constructive work cial basis, with no group enjoy- that while a service would be of the Alliance. ing special privilege. However, permitted in Church, no speak- The first interdenominational the Roman Catholic Church in ing would be allowed at the Bible School in Poland was es- strength and initiative is far grave or in the cemetery. The tablished last December, through ahead of the Orthodox Church.

local priest is a bitter enemy, the initiative of the W. E. A. Numbering something 0 v e r and through his influence the au- Beginning with eight students, 5,000,000, it is endeavoring to thorities refused to renew the there were soon more applica- . obtain advantages t h r 0 ugh pastor's permit last year. No tions than could be accepted. agreement with the State – ad- meetings are allowed in private The churches in Poland, poor vantages that are denied the houses without the permission though they are, are doing their Orthodox Church, which num- of the police, which is seldom best to promote this School. bers about 6,500,000.

forthcoming." -The Christian. Among other things it would -Evangelical Christian. seek to enforce the Roman Cath- Revival in Hungary Nazi's National Church olic rule that all children of The political situation in Hun- A "National Church of the mixed mar ria g e s must be gary is difficult for both govern- German Reich" with "no scribes, brought up Roman; if a parish ment and people, yet word comes no pastors, no chaplains and no of a great revival movement should go over to orthodoxy it is clergy," and which would pro- stipulated that all its possessions hibit the printing and publishing remain with the Roman Church.

there, not only in Budapest but of all Christian literature, is Under such circumstances, it in other centers. Evangelistic now the plan of the National So- is encouraging to read incidents meetings are being held many cialist Party. It would put Hit- like the following: times a day, and at some of them ler's "My Struggle" in place of "In the elementary school in from four to seven thousand peo- the Bible, and the swastika in Novi Sad, the New Testament ple are present, many of whom place of the Cross. Its thirty- is used as the text for religious have never heard the Gospel be- point program requires accept- teaching. One day a lad about fore. Special editions of the ance of the State race ideology. nine years of age came into the Gospel of John and the Epistle Some other points are: shop and asked if he could get to the Romans have been placed "On the altars of the National an Evangelical Bible. Looking in the hands of inquirers; while Church our most holy book, 'My at the child, I said, 'How much Christians are urged to take five Struggle,' shall be consecrated money have you?' 'Eight dinars,' copies and, after prayer for to the German people and thus he answered, so I knew he guidance, to seek out five rela- to God, and at its left the sword wanted the New Testament. To tives or acquaintances to whom shall be sanctified. The speakers make sure, I asked, 'Who is your they may give them, at the same of the National Church have to teacher?' 'Mr. Dietrich,' the lad

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

replied. 'What is he teaching to see Islam rule over the social the population of Egypt has for you?' 'Just now we have the life of Egypt because the great too many decades been unable good Samaritan.' And without majority of the inhabitants of to share in the great movements my enquiring any more the this country are Moslems, and of Egypt's development. But schoolboy said, 'I believe on the because the official religion of now that half, the half of the Lord Jesus Christ, my father the country is Moslem, and noth- population which is made up of does not, and today I am going ing else. Other religions differ- women, is awakening and is beto read that story to my father entiate between religion and ing set free to cooperate in the -he promised me that he would politics; Islam does not." activities of the nation." 'listen.' " This statement was made fol- -Blessed Be Egypt. New Era in Greece lowing widespread rumors that the Sheikh had incited the stu- Religion as a Therapeutic The spirit of persecution, so dents of Al Azhar to rioting in long a feature of religious life the recent political crisis in Leper work that failed under in Greece, has, to a large extent, Egypt. This was a virtual ad- government administration is been overcome, and unrest has mission of his activity in the somehow succeeding under the given place to a spirit of peace. attempt to dislodge the govern- direction of Christian mission- Twenty-five years have passed ment of Nahas Pasha. aries in Northe·rn Nigeria. Late since the death of the founder in 1936, the government in this of the Greek Evangelical Church, Nile Mission Press Mohammedan territory gave and there are now twelve or- over to the Sudan Interior Mis- ganized churches, six of them On March 10, Mr. Arthur T. sion and the Mission to Lepers self-supporting; while scattered Upson laid the foundation stone the responsibility for directing throughout the country are more for a new building for the Nile the leper work; and since then than twenty preaching places. Mission Press. Dr. Charles R. four colonies have been estab- Watson, President of the Amer- lished. One of the more recent con- ican University in Cairo, said in verts was a Doctor of Mathe- his address: "I found in looking Some one visiting the colony matics, and his influence among at the government statistics for at Kano, after a long absence, the students is being much felt literacy that every ten years the commented: "What has hap- at Athens. In his student days literacy of Egypt increases by pened to the Colony? It seems he was an atheist, but his life like a new place; the spirit of was changed. After his conver- more than 50 %. According to the people is so much happier." sion he started meetings. in his It seems unquestioned that a own home and, as a preacher in that, the Press, merely to keep new hope instilled in the hearts the Evangelical Church and in pace, ought to increase over 5010 of the patients, a knowledge of halls, his compelling message is in the outreach of its publica- a force outside themselves work- winning many for the Kingdom. tions. But since it has never ing to implant this hope, has a All Evangelical Churches in from the beginning overtaken definite part in bringing about Greece have a special collection the need, it would seem that improved physical condition. It annually toward the work of dis- every ten years jt should more was the government's recogniz- tributing Bibles. than double the scope of its ing this fact that moved them to activities and the output of its turn over the leper work to mis- -The Unchained Word. literature merely to meet the sionaries. challenge of the increasing lit- AFRICA eracy in this country. -Without the Camp.

"Religious Politics" "To this literacy challenge Women Advance in the Sudan may be added the challenge of a Egypt has about fourteen mil- changing mental outlook. This The women of the Moru tribe, lion Moslems as against a mil- is calling not merely for a larger southern Sudan, are more back- lion and a half Christian Copts, volume of literature, but for a ward than the men. Even the the original Egyptians. In an fresh presentation of the· old wives of teachers have not made exclusive interview, She i k h truth to which we hold. Science much progress, in spite of reg- Maraghi, who as head of the is invading every sphere of life ular attendance at school. It is oldest university, Moslem or even here in Egypt and the only in the last two or three otherwise, in the world, the Al reconciliation of science and re- years that girls have shown any Azhar, wields almost as much ligion is more and more urgent. desire to learn; but after a few power as the Caliphs of bygone There is also a growing sense of had begun to attend the women's days, made it clear that Egypt need for moral power. The pop- school, their numbers and inter- is a Moslem nation. ulation is coming into touch with est grew until there are now 70 European life and European on the roll. Eight of the girls The Sheikh declares he does temptation. The old moral mo- have made their stand as Chris- not engage in party politics, but tives no longer hold against the tians; they have shown amazing that he does engage in "religious engulfing tide of temptation and responsiveness, and application politics." immorality. To this I would add of Christian principles to every the challenge of an awakened day life. -Life of Faith. "I will even go a step farther womanhood in Egypt. One-half and say that I personally wish

Darkness Still Reigns twenty of them are Christians. and especially the discussion They have their own church, periods. -Neglected Arabia. Human sacrifices and twin murders still take place in the their own elders. Though physismall, isolated villages of Nsukka, West Africa. The missionary cal healing is denied to many of Iran Has a C. C. C. in charge of this district recently visited a village where a woman them, they laugh and sing and The Christian Courtesy Circle and child had been sacrificed a praise God. -Life of Faith. of the Evangelical Church of few days before. Out of a population of a million and a half, WESTERN ASIA Hamadan was organized in Ocabout 8,000 are Christians, or more accurately, church attend- tober, 1933. The young women ants. There are sixty churches in the area, staffed by African Modernizing Jericho of the church were divided into teachers, most of whom are do- four groups, each group having ing good work. The people are A mo~erniza~io~ of J erich?, a missionary leader. The groups beginning to realize the value of education for their children, and that anCIent BIbhcal town, IS meet in the homes of its memapproximately 3,000 are attend- now b~in?" undert.aken br a local , bers every other week and the ing the schools. A large central CommIssIOn. It IS not mtended ~-young women take turns in leadschool, which will accommodate to change the character of the ing the meetings~ A school for sixty to eighty boarders, is being built. small city, especially the residen- the children of church members The dispensary attracts an tial character of the community who attend public schools on average of more than 100 patients daily, and the maternity which is thought t? be its grea;t- Sundays has also become a projblock, with beds for about fifteen women, is nearly always full. est asset. New JerIcho was bUIlt ect of the C. C. C. It is conducted Three girls and two boys are in training as medical workers. by the Crusaders. It is below as a Sunday School.

-C. M. S. Outlook. sea level, and has a popUlation Last year in order not to be Moravian Missions of 1,700, including 170 Chris- hearers of the Word only but tians a~d four J ~ws. It enjoys doers also, one group started a The Moravian Church may well claim to be a missionary popularIty as a 'Ymter resort. Friday school for children who Church. Its missionaries labor in 300 stations in all parts of the In the RUSSIan Garden of were working as weavers of world, and there are no fewer J er~cho are to be seen the re- carpets, and a few children of than 130,000 Moravian converts mams of ~n old fourth century the neighborhood. They were in foreign fields. The youngest of all their fields is that in East church, WIth a mOSaiC .floor. In taught Gospel stories, reading Central Africa, where a witness one corn~r of the town IS a .tower and singing. It proved so worth has been maintained for about on t~~ SIte where, accordmg to while it was continued this year. fifty years. Here are some remarkable figures concerning the tradItIOn, stood the house of There is also a baby clinic, conextension of the work in recent years: In 1922 there were 300 Zaccheus. ducted by a missionary doctor. baptized Christians; in 1930, nearly 6,000. Medical work be- Boys' School in Iraq Even the children of well-to-do gan in 1923, and it was six families are undernourished. months before they could persuade any native to come for Rev. John Van Ess, Reformed The problem is to impress the treatment; but in 1930 there Church missionary in Basrah, were 250 in-patients, and last Iraq, lists the encouraging fea- mothers with the value of care year there were 350, while outpatients numbered nearly 5,000. in feeding. -Iranew8. Two years ago a new hospital was built. tures of educational work for Building Solidly. boys at Ashar: Comparatively new is the leper work. A home was estab- 1. The overwhelming propor- Alborz College, of Teheran, lished about eight years ago in tion of Moslem pupils. In a Iran, limits the number of its an unused compound. There are students to 700, admitting only now 37 lepers in residence; typical month the figures were: Moslems, 207; Christians, 13; such students as can be assimi- lated into the existing student Jews, 11. Of the Moslems the body without lowering the stand- great majority are village boys. ard of the School. This policy results in building up a reputa- 2. During this, the first year tion for excellence which is re- flected in the confidence shown in which the conscription law the School by government offi- has been applied, pupils who con- cials and hundreds of families formed to the regulations were throughout the country. exempted from military service. Primary work was dropped in There has been no evidence of 1932, but preparatory grades discrimination a g a ins t the are included. Many students are School. turned away for want of room. 3. In government examina- -Monday Morning. tions the pupils compared favor- ably with those from other schools.

4. One of last year's pupils, Literature for Moslems now employed in Baghdad, has asked for, and is to receive bap- To set the men of Moslem tism. lands reading Christian litera- 5. There has been a marked ture would be an achievement of response to the Bible lessons, the highest order. It might come

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

about if we could discover a new once in his life to journey to believe Dr. Ambedkar has himway of presenting the world's Mecca. One very holy man of self made this very plain. Heart most interesting story to these India is taking ten years to it. conversion most certainly will master story-tellers of the world. He is a saint called Shah Sub- remedy the evil of untouchabil- Moslems have the firm convic- han, often known as the "King ity; it is the only thing that tion that they know far more of the Strivers after Happiness." will." -Dnyanodaya.

about true religion than Chris- Shah Subhan started from Allatians, whom they regard as habad some time in 1933. He is hopelessly astray in polytheism journeying on foot, and every Indian Young Women's and other dangerous heresies. five paces he stops and recites Secretary The younger generation how- prayers, which take two minutes The United Presbyterian Inever, who are leading the Na- to repeat, thanking God for hav- dia Mission presents its first nationalist renaissance of intellec- ing permitted him to undertake tive young women's secretary, tual and religious freedom, and this pilgrimage. If he is still and here is her first report: are escaping western domination alive he must be near Baghdad. "In our Punjab church we by adopting western civilization, Thence by way of Damascus and have five presbyterials and in are obviously thinking different- Jerusalem he will journey on to four of these there are young ly. These modern-minded men Mecca, some 5,'0'0'0 miles in all, women's societies. In each presin Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Egypt saying those prayers every five byterial there are other societies and, in lesser degree in North paces. Africa, are appreciating Chris- such as the Junior and Senior tian literature productions. Shall we say that missions are organizations. The missionary no longer needed in India? societies help in the evangelistic The day of controversial lit- -D'nyanodaya. work in every way, some by goerature of the old type for Mos- ing out and telling the Word, lems appears to be passing. The India's Tanners and some by prayer and some by giv- Conversion ing money. Christian story, to command wide attention, must be cast in "But my wish at this time is attractive form by the pens of Twenty-three per cent of the to tell something about our Eastern Christians, instead of world's buffaloes are supplied by young women's societies. There in the form of theological debate. the Bombay Presidency, and the -World Dominion. export from India to England of are 214 members in the six so- cieties. These members not chrome leather rose from 3'0,'0'0'0 only try to do evangelistic work INDIA ANJ) SIAM square feet in 1931 to nearly but also temperance work. They 9,5'0'0,0'0'0 square feet in 1936. give out temperance literature, Missionary Opportunities Similarly the export of dressed and by dramas and meetings, in 1938 leather increased from 2,'0'00 place the temperance message In spite of modern trends in square feet in 193'0 to almost before the people. In all these India, temple goldsmiths have as 4,'0'0'0,'0'0'0 square feet in 1936. things, by the grace of God, we much to do as their predecessors In the Bombay Presidency alone are making progress. We do had in the day of Paul. If you nearly two million people are our work wholeheartedly and do are inclined to forget the hold of engaged in the leather industry it all with God's help and for Hinduism on present-day life in and almost all of them belong to Him. the Depressed Classes. Condi- India, note that last year at tions in their villages are ap- "Finally, I would ask you to Tirupathi, the most sac red palling. please remember our societies in shrine in South India of the god your prayers that we might Vishnu, goldsmiths were asked to On the same day that an in- grow daily in numbers and make send in designs for a new crown dustrial conference made these progress in our work." for the image of the god. The revelations, the village tanners image is large, perhaps three had a conference, and their Students' Prayer Service times as large as an ordinary president observed: "I do not man. The crown is to be 43 believe in Dr. Ambedkar's con- The Intercollegian and Far inches in circumference, where version move, knowing as I do Horizons tells how the annual it is set on the head of the that this will not remedy the evil Day of Prayer was observed by image; and will be about 3'0 of untouchability nor raise the students at Lucknow: "Early in inches high, all of solid gold. In social status of Harijans irre- the morning the students prothis crown 2,4'0'0 diamonds, 2,4'0'0 spective of what new faith they ceeded to a grove beside the emeralds, 3,9'0'0 rubies and many embrace. On this question, we river. After a period of devohundreds of other gems from the ourselves earnestly hope that tions the students divided into treasury of the temple are being every Christian worker in India groups to discuss the findings of set. All these are gifts from will make very clear that any the Rangoon Quadrennial Confaithful Hindus who have come so-called 'conversion move' that ference; then a morning serv- aims mainly at 'social status' is ice and a picnic lunch. They as pilgrims to this temple. Keep in mind also that every no 'conversion' at all in the truly went to their colleges for the devout Mohammedan expects Christian sense; and, indeed, we afternoon siesta, and in the eve-

ning together again for a united ary of $8 a month if he would must contribute tow a r d the service in a local church. r e n 0 u n c e Christianity and maintenance of the family, with preach Hinduism instead. This the result that what is learned At other centers of India the is soon forgotten. However, Day of Prayer was used as an Kotiah refused to do. Then a those who are able to continue opportunity of celebrating also gift came to him from a friend in school soon earn more than the Jubilee of the Indian S. C. M. in America, and to show his they could have done without an and the service was modeled on education. the jubilee service at Rangoon. gratitude, he resolved to win one After a proc€ssion, 25 earthen person to Christ at once. Shortly -Baptist Missionary lamps and candles representing Review. the years 1912 – 1937 were after that a shepherd from his lighted; then they were re- village was baptized. Christian Wanted lighted as a sign of consecration of the next twenty-five years. -Watchman-Examiner. Prayers and responsive readings of Biblical passages followed, Children Help China Miraj Hospital is one of the then intercessions for the work of the S. C. M. in India. The "Criminal Tribes" children at'''- best in Bombay Presidency for service clos·ed with a hymn that symbolized the evangelistic task the Sholapur Settlement have the treatment of cancer, if not of the Student Christian Move- s€nt 25 rupees to the Red Cross the. best. The qh~rles Edwa~d ment. to help China's suffering chil- VaIl Cancer ClImc, !l~med m dren in the war with Japan. memory of the physIcIan who Village Improvement This contribution is the result of served there for so many years, The young Maharajah of gifts of grain in the Sunday has tre~ted more than .100 can- Gwalior, whose state is 28,000 Schools from both Christian and cer p~~Ient~, and there IS always square miles in extent, with a a waItmg h~t. human population of 3,500,000 non-Christian children, and was . and a cattle population of 4,000,- presented on "White Gift Sun- 000, decided to do some rural day." The serVICe and mfluence of uplift work, and set aside $3,500,- this, the only C~ristia~ medical 000 for the purpose. He invited The remaining Sunday collec- school for men ~n IndIa, re.ach Col. Brayne, British official who has done much to improve vil- tions were set apart to help 150 out far. beyond ItS ?wn reglO!l' lage life in the Punjab, and of the poorest children in the Th~ chIef of a natIve state m others including Sam Higgin- G~Ja~at wrote and as~ed for a bottom to advise him. There are Settlement, and provided needed MIraJ. ma~, to run a dIsI!e~sarr, now thousands of villages where clothing for them. for hIm. I want a ChrIstIan, there is nothing to offend eye or he stipulated, "for only a Chrisnose, and where the health of the -Dnyanodaya villagers is thereby improved. . Garbage and wastes are collected and carried to the fields, where Bengal's Boarding Schools tian has the true spirit of servit is demonstrated that cleanli- ice." Former students of Miraj ness is profitable financially, According to the last census, are at work i·n Arabia and Iran, since the crops are from 50 to the total number of In d ian as well as in India. 100% better. The whole state Christians in Bengal is approxiis working with enthusiasm to mately 132,000. Of these about -Presbyterian Board carry out the program as drawn 26,000 live in towns and 106,000 News. up. -Sam Higginbottom. in the country. There are 43 towns of various sizes in Ben- For Chinese in Bangkok Proving His Gratitude gal. About 14,000 Indian Chris- tians are permanent residents of There are about 12'5 members Velugu Kotiah is a Sudra Calcutta and Howrah, while the in the Cantonese Church of preacher of South India, and is rest of the Indian Christian ur- Christ in Siam in Bangkok; 91 one of the staunchest Christian active members and an average converts of recent years. He is a fearless and eloquent evan- ban population, numbering ap- attendance of 85 at Sunday servgelist, though illiterate. Two proximately 12,000, live in 41 ices. Last year four adults were years ago, he encountered a severe testing, since his harvest towns. These 106,000 rural In- baptized, two members w ere failed and three of his cattle dian Christians are scattered in received by letter and four by died. About this time, two Brah- 27 districts of Bengal. They live reaffirmation of faith. Two inmins offered him an assured sal- either in single families, or in fants were baptized. The Sunday very small groups in predomi- School has an average attend- nantly non-Christian communi- ance of 60. A Young People's ties. It follows that Christian Society was organized a few children must either be educated years ago, and every Saturday in non-Christian schools, or go they play games in the church without education. T his ex- compound. The same evening plains the low percentage of lit- they have a Bible study class, eracy in Assam, Madras, United followed by a religious service Provinces and Behar. and then training in pub I i c Missionary schools of primary speaking.

grade have not proved success- This year, this Cantonese group ful in certain districts of Ben- gal, because pupils from the started family prayer meetings, poorer homes are not permitted dividing the city into districts. to study continuously, as they This kind of work is of great value, as families invite their

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

neighbors to the service; also, disputes and imposes penalties. In Seventeen Air Raids it strengthens the interest in families where only one member A labor bureau has charge of Rev. R. W. Porteous, of the is a Christian. C. 1. M., Nanchang, writes that all the work, each activity under the Coleman Bible Institute was The Church conducts a school able to open on schedule time in for the children of the neighbor- the supervision of a skilled the new memorial buildings, alhood-most of them very poor. though seventeen air raids have There are now 180 enrolled, workman, trained in the institu- passed over them. He writes: with f 0 u r Chinese and four "I think it would be quite safe Siamese teachers. Bible classes tion. Each patient is assigned to say that hundreds have been are held each afternoon at the brought to a definite decision for close of school. A textbook is work according to his strength Christ at the daily services in used which will take each child the Gospel Hall, the larger prothrough the whole Bible in six and ability. portion being among wounded years. Another piece of work soldiers. Recently, Mr. Wang connected with the church is a This plan has revealed the fact and I had the joy of baptizing clinic on t h r e e afternoons a seven of them. They were leavweek, conducted by a Christian that many of the patients are ing shortly to rejoin their divisdoctor, a member of the church. ions. One of them remarked, 'I Patients treated last year num- thoroughly dependable. Con- have lots of pocket money now bered 1,160. Most of this work that I have given up gambling. is for the very poor, but they are tentment and a feeling of re- If I am spared to return I will expected to pay a little, if pos- surely come to visit you-if not, sible. The church hopes eventu- sponsibility is fostered, because we will meet in heaven!' We ally to have a hospital. are now working in five of the the status is changed from out- military hospitals, which we -Siam Outlook. visit regularly each week." cast to citizen. . Self-Governing Lepers From Kiang comes news of -Siam Outlook. exceptional opportunities for Partly because of limited presenting the Gospel among funds, leper homes in all mission CHINA students and soldiers, which fields have had to grapple with abound everywhere during these the problem of inadequate staffs. War's By-Product war times. After the preaching The one at Chiengmai has found service there has been inaugthe solution in self-government, One of the most important urated an "appointment hour" at patterned after Siamese village sequences of the Japanese in- four each afternoon. Every day, government. This Home is di- vasion of China is the westward groups of soldiers come to this vided into three distinct groups. trek of China's social, educa- enquirers.' class. They are a Over each group is placed a tional and political leaders, the special lot, all being officers, sent headman and his assistant, who significance of which is just be- to enlist and train new men and are responsible for the behavior ginning to be realized. This is take them back to the front; of those under their direct indeed history in the making. therefore, they are in a position charge. A chief headman or Cultural and educational influ- to influence many others. mayor elected by them is di- ences that have for centuries rectly responsible to th€ manage- been confined to coast cities, or Mutual Aid Groups ment and must answer for the eastern areas, are suddenly efficient handling of all internal planted in virgin soil; isolated The Foreign Missions Conferaffairs. provinces are being brought into ence of North America reports the stream of modern life; trade the way family loyalty is seen in A department of morals and routes over deserts or mountains Chinese efforts to meet their rebehavior functions under the are supplanted by air routes or lief problem. One method that oversight of the Christian elders. new railroads. Thus, China's has helped greatly to steady and A sanitary squad of eight men back door suddenly becomes a maintain the usual life of the and four women, cares for the front door; or shall we say that suffering villagers, and prevent sick, gives the semi-weekly in- in future China will' have no them from "taking to the road" jections of chaulmoogra oil and back door? Her isolation and has been that of organizing muis responsible for the cleanliness seclusion seems to be gone for- tual aid groups and providing of the institution. Homeguards, ever. them with small loans. This composed of twenty-seven uni- enables many farmers to sow formed men keep order among The Province of Szechwan is their wheat fields. It will emthe more than four hundred in- twice as large as the areas of ploy carriers from market to mates and insure protection England, Germany, France and market, and barrowmen who from outsiders. A court made Italy combined. It now has a push coal from mine to conup of the chief headman, the population of 48,000,000, but, sumer. It will help keep farm minor headmen and the elders, with improvements in methods tries all minor offences, settles of agriculture and irrigation and with the development of other untapped resources, it could sus- tain a much larger population. Then there are the other half- dozen provinces – Y u n nan, Kwangsi, Kweichow, Kansu and Sinkiang – which the Chinese believe they can hold even if all the rest of the provinces should be subjugated. China's pro- gressive leaders and her cultural institutions are to a large extent being concentrated in these in- terior provinces.

carts and burden animals busy, plained all this until slowly the JAPAN-CHOSEN to revive the household indus- truth dawned on him; and then, Satan Released, Says Kagawa tries of spinning and weaving a light came into his face until and to continue the many other the hard, bitter look was gone, Again, we hear from this and we knew that, there was one Japanese Christian: activities of ordinary village life less bandit in the Y a n gt z e that usually help to feed, clothe Valley." "In the Orient it is very dark. and shelter the peasant in his We feel like we were back at the Agricultural Experiments beginning of the fourth century home surroundings, and prevent of the Christian Era. Satan his becoming a wanderer or a Long-range agricultural ex- has been released again, and the pauper. world is swayed by his power One Bandit Less periments are under way at the rather than by the Spirit of the Oberlin-in-Shansi Me m 0 ria I Lord. But somehow we have The Outlook of Missions tells School at Taiku, North China. great hope in Jesus Christ. Tothe following story: "A Chinese These are important in the pre-'''~'day young men are willing to bandit was brought into the hos- vention of famine and the im- listen to the gospel, as are also pital at Wuhu after a raid. No provement of the food supply. farmers and the laboring classes. one who saw his cruel face had These experiments, begun six or Japan feels her isolation and is any doubt as to which side of seven years ago, have been very lonesome. But the Spirit the fray he had been on. While handicapped by war conditions, of Christ can remedy this, so we we cleansed his frightful wound, but it is hoped to complete the must preach the gospel without we discussed the man. 'He won't experiments this year in spite fear. Missionaries are wellive, so there will be one bandit of a limited personnel. less in the Yangtze valley, and a comed; and if they preach the good thing, too.' Yet it was our Oberlin-in-Shansi is a sister gospel of the Love of God, no duty to save life, and after weeks school of Oberlin College, Ohio, we saw with amazement that the hindrance will be put in their man was going to recover. No and is conducted in cooperation way." -World Call. flicker of pleasure responded to with the American Board of our congratulations, so we said: Commissioners for Foreign Mis- Drugs as a Weapon 'Aren't you glad you are going sions of the Congregational and Christian Churches. Its prin- Muriel Lester, writing for the to get well?' The reply was an cipal was formerly Dr. H. H. Christian Century, says that unqualified 'No.' Kung, now Premier of China and brother-in-law of Madame when the new Peace Preserva- "Thinking he must have mis- Chiang Kai-shek. -Bulletin. tion Council was set up in the understood, we had one of the Japanese-occupied territory last August, it was announced that the Nanking law no longer ap- Chinese nurses ask him again, Missionary Tomatoes plied. The drug habit reassumed 'Wouldn't you rather be well its tyranny. Anti-narcotic hos- Mr. Frank Dickinson, Canathan die?' But again he gave us dian missionary in West China, pital work was stopped. In an emphatic 'No!' Puzzled, we in talking with a prominent pro- Peiping, the trade is in charge pushed the inquiry fur the r. ducer of tomato seed in Ontario, mentioned the contribution that of Koreans, under Japanese pro- 'Why would you rather die?' tomatoes would make to the diet tection. Death is the penalty And he answered very simply, of the people in West China, who number more than 100,000,000. for any Chinese trafficker that is 'Because I have sinned.' The seed-growing expert ac- discovered, and the difference "It was quite obvious that he cepted this as a challenge to his between the furtive expression skill, and offered to share seed had sinned, and grievously. Had for experimental purposes. of Chinese'traders, and the selfwe any help for such as he? We assurance of all Korean dealers Father and son, both specialhad ! 'You have heard while you ists in the production of a num- is very marked. ber of varieties of tomato seeds, Miss Lester also reports that have been here in the ward,' we have agreed to supply annually reminded him, 'about the heav- the best products of their tech- the japanese in Peiping are enly F:ather who loves us earth- nique for trial and experimentapeople and sent His Son to us. tion at the West China Union opening small clinics, with well University, Chengtu, Szechuan. Don't you know, because He illumined street signs to guide loves us earth-people so much, passers-by from the main roads He has thought out a method to their doors on side streets. about sin? His Son came to give They advertise in the papers the us that method, and so you don't various diseases which they have to carry the burden of your cure. The procedure in many of them seems to be that each sins with you all your life. You Mr. Dickinson feels sure that person on entering is given a are sorry for your sins, and God this kind of sharing will not only cursory examination by an un- is willing to forgive them. Don't give gradually to millions of qualified doctor or dispenser you know that?' No, he had Chinese in the heart of Szechuan who registers him as suffering never heard of it. a splendid supplementary addi- from some specific diseases; "We sent for our wise Chinese tion to their meagre diet, but then he is allowed to buy as pastor, who sat beside this un- soul satisfaction to the givers. much heroin or morphine as he happy man and patiently ex- -United Church Record. likes.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

MI.SCELLANEOUS in content or point of view with- For Every Man Why Not Attend Church? out consulting the Director of It is interesting to know that Radio Education of the Interna- seventeen new languages were Eight reasons for the failure tional Council. A set of these of people to attend Church have programs will be supplied with- added to the Ust of Bible translabeen authenticated by the Ad- out cost to any organization tions during 1937, making a vertising Club of the Lutheran which definitely plans to broad- Church in the Mansion at Flush- total of 1,000 languages in which ing, N. Y. The group made an cast them. They may be secured the Bible can now be read. extensive survey of the North through the office of the Divi- Forty years of work by Presby- Shore of the Queens area which sion of Christian Education of terian missionaries, working might well reflect attitudes of the Board of Home Missions, 14 among the 600,000 people in the the unchurched throughout the nation. Beacon Street, Boston. French Cameroun, culminated -Advance. in the completed manuscript for Here is a tabulation of the re- the Bulu Old Testament. Rev. plies: Causes of Religious Decline E. B. Stilz, of the Southern (1) Twenty – three per cent Methodist Mission in the Belgian wanted Sunday for themselves A Council of 24 members, Congo, completed a translation and their families. representing the principal Prot- of the New Testament in the estant churches of England, ex- (2) Twenty-one per cent did pects to look into such questions Otetela language, the first comnot go to Church because of the as: "Why does the church fail plete New Testament for these unfriendly or insincere people to attract the younger genera- people. they found. tion?" "What is the cause of the almost incredible disappearance A revision of St. Luke for (3) Nineteen per cent stayed of knowledge of the Bible?" and Quechua Indians in Ecuador has away because the Church was "What can be done by the been completed; while the Saalways asking for money. churches to relate the Church to every day life?" mareno Bible, in a Philippine (4) Fifteen per cent stayed dialect, was published last year away because the sermons were This Council will then seek for uninteresting. a formula to revive an interest and met with a hearty reception. Translation of a revised Turkish (5) Nine per cent had indi- Bible is ready for the printer. vidual reasons, no two of which were alike. in religion. Mohammedan View of The same problem claimed the Christianity (6) Five per cent did not go because they never experienced attention of the "All-New Eng- The Moslem World quotes a any spiritual help. land Conference on the Rural Church," meeting in Keene, Mohammedan's tribute to Chris- (7) Four per cent stayed N. H., in May, when Carl C. tianity: away because no one had ever Zimmerman, Harvard Professor "I can definitely say that invited them. of Sociology, stated that the Christianity is stronger than it (8) Four per cent remained masses of the people are in the has ever been in history. I am away because the minister was always telling people to be good. quandary of Cresar vs. Jehovah, surprised at the number of peo- "Building a Christian World" and blamed present tax policies ple, both pagan and otherwise, The International Council of for declining church allegiance. who feel that Christian ethics Religious Education has had a special committee at work devel- He said, in part: constitute the only answer to the oping programs for radio broadcasts. The whole matter has "The central problem of the present world-chaos. been very carefully studied, the members of the committee have relation of the Church to the "We Moslems have a secret interviewed many people connected with broadcasting, and family is whether it can keep· feeling that the ',collapse of the the script which they have prepared has been examined by a the role of the moral guardian, present world order is the greatnumber of competent critics. The result is a series of six pro- while the state increasingly adds est verdict in favor of Christiangrams on the theme "Building Together a Christian World." to its role as economic guard- ity, for world civilization is still These are available for use over local stations by responsible re- ian. . . . largely pagan. It is the pagan ligious organizations. Such organizations are free to make "If the governments are go- elements in your civilization that necessary adaptations to local situations, but no major change ing to be responsible for the are working havoc. Where real family economy they are going Christianity has penetrated to claim most of the allegiance there has been steady progress.

of the people. An overtaxed or Weare honest enough to recog- a relief citizenry neither have nize that. Never believe this the funds nor the inner moti- nonsense that fills one of our vating gratitude to build up or papers, condemning your reli- preserve strong churches. State gion. It is only a means to relief means. state religion. strengthen our group-conscious- When Cresar becomes the source ness by assuming a superiority of maintenance he also wants complex. In a great many cases the praise formerly accorded we are continually borrowing Jehovah." from you – your thoughts, your -Religious News Service. method, your outlook."

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Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Christian Message in a Non- must always be the same-a new the influence of Christ and west- Christian World. By H. Kraemer. Foreword by the Archbishop of relation to God and a new atti-,…. ern culture. York. 8vo. 455 pp. $3.00. Pub- lished for the International Mission- tude toward men. Unfortu- As to the missionary approach ary Council by Harper & Brothers, New York. 1938. nately, too often an old church to non-Christians of different Dr. Kraemer is a member of becomes a corrupt church and a lands, Dr. Kraemer recognizes the Dutch Church; a former missionary in Netherlands East In- weak church. the importance of the personality dies, a missionary statesman, and now a professor of the His- In dealing with this great of the missionary, a clear undertory of Religions in the University of Leiden. He has given us theme, Dr. Kraemer first looks standing of non-Christian charhere an unusual treatise on one of the most important subjects at the present world situation- acter and thought, as well as a that is to be discussed at the coming Madras Conference of the widespread secularism and vital relation to Christ and a the International Missionary Council. Without a true Chris- the new political, social and spir- knowledge of the Gospel He tian message to non-Christians, the missionary work of the itual revolutions; he notes the came to proclaim. Church must be fruitless; and yet too many who go out as mis- effect of the meeting of East and In conclusion, the author gives sionaries seem to have no clear knowledge of the vital Christian West. Not only is there a crisis his conception of the true nature message of salvation that Jesus Christ authorized His Church to in the world because of revolu- of the Church as a living organproclaim. Many emphasize only the importance of the fruits of tions, but there is a crisis in the ism based on intelligent faith in Christian life, but neglect the essential elements of faith and Church because of obscured vi- Christ, rather than an organizafull surrender. sion, weakened faith and atten- tion based on western theological Dr. Kraemer goes back to Apostolic conceptions as he deals tion diverted from the main concepts. He re-emphasizes the with the evangelistic message, the method of approach and its issues and Source of power. need for a clear Gospel message application to non-Christians. The message is essentially the These conditions have brought and for active, continued evansame for all classes and conditions of men, at home and about a new crisis in the mis- gelism. He considers the presabroad-a message of God's love and His offer of eternal life sionary work of the Church. ent missionary outlook cloudy through acceptance of Jesus Christ as the Son of God and The early pioneer stage has but hopeful. The Christian misonly Saviour, through His sacrifice on the Cross. The method passed, and young churches have sion in the non-Christian world of approach may be different in New York and in Central Africa, been founded; today, these must be accomplished in the to Moslems and to spirit worshippers; but the evidence of churches must. be strengthened present complicated conditions the power of the Gospel in life and kept true to the original pur- with all the means that human pose and plan of the Founder. intelligence, ingenuity and de- They must be loyal to Christ, votion put at our disposal. The must show evidence of His life underlying fire, however, with- and power and must be sacri- out which all our endeavors are ficially and aggressively mission- nothing and all our missionary ary, or they will die. enthusiasm is powerless, is only Dr. Kraemer bases his state- kindled by faith and prayer born ment of the Christian faith on of Divine Love that burns in the the Bible as the revelation from Heart of the universe, and which God, and on Jesus Christ as the became incarnated in Jesus incarnation of God. He sees Christ, our Lord.

Christianity, not as one of the world's religions, but as the one Paul, a Christian Financier. By Her- bert E. Blair. Christian Literature clear revelation sent from God, Society, Seoul, Korea. 63 pp, $.50. in contrast to human attempts to United Stewardship Council, 156 understand and approach God. Fifth Ave., New York City. 1937.

In this connection the author Out of many years of prac- states the positions of Barth and tical experience on the foreign Brunner, and looks into various field, promoting systematic giv- non-Christian religions. He de- ing and putting Church fi- scribes, too, the changes that nances on a Scriptural as well have taken place in non-Chris- as a business basis, has come tian lands and their response to this little study of the Apostle Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REvmw publishers on receipt of price.

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OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

Paul as a pioneer in Church and Mission Boards join definitely City and Church in Transition. By missionary finance. Murray H. LeHfer. 8vo. 301 pages. in the promotion of stewardship $2.50. Willett, Clark and Company, Mr. Blair has been a mission- Chicago. 1938. ary of the Presbyterian Church plans on the various fields in in the U. S. A. in Korea for Professor Leiffer's book is thirty-four years. His leader- which they have work. Indi- based upon certain case studies ship in the work of promoting Christian finance has been rec- viduals are already doing this in of medium sized cities (called ognized by the Korean Church a mediopolis) ranging in popuand year after year he has been several countries but there is lation from 50,000 to 150,000. continued in the official position The author's most notable servof developing a Scriptural sys- need of coordinated effort and ice is in describing the patter:n tem of Church and personal of the mediopolis and its varifinance and stewardship. This cooperation. He suggests also ants. He properly places embooklet develops the proposition phasis on the commercial city that the Apostle Paul was God's that the International Missionchosen instrument to inaugurate as the typical American city. a system of Christian finance ary Council might well take the and stewardship to supersede Prof. Leiffer's treatment of and to be an advance upon the lead in developing a stewardship the industrial city and the in- Levitical tithing system of Ju- dustrial suburb is admirable. daism and that the basis of and systematic benevolence pro- He points out that both have Paul's system is both implied been influenced in their ecoand explicitly stated in the in- gram for the benefit of the nomic and cultural life by the spired instructions of 1 Corin- near-by metropolis. Moreover thians 16: 2. younger national church groups. "the industrial suburbs· of the The Apostle Paul met condi- Instruction in these inspired, nation will be found chiefly in tions in his foreign mission enterprise' that required the de- authoritative, Pauline principles the vicinity of such cities as velopment of a system of self- Boston, New York, Philadelsupport for local churches as of individual giving and church phi a, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, well as for the support of evangelistic itineration and contribu- finance w 0 u I d benefit the Detroit, Chicago and Los Antions for the relief of the poor. geles." He brings in a new note in his churches in every land and proelaboration of the thesis that in We feel that the analysis of raising funds for "the saints" mote self-support in fields where the residential suburbs is not as Paul was not merely helping the comprehensive in its scope as his poor in Jerusalem who were the national churches are still study of other variants of the suffering, presumably from a mediopolis. His statement that famine already nine years past, weak and in financial difficulties. "relatively few come direct to but was in reality conducting a the suburb from the hinterland" carefully audited and supervised This book, arising as it does is not true of New York city's international financial campaign many suburbs nor is his statefor the furtherance of the Gos- from intimate experience with ment that "a residential suburb pel work. never springs suddenly into problems of stewardship and being," true of Long Island. His Among other practical sug- generalization regarding the c h u r c h finance in a young gestions the author points out child population of the suburbs c h u r chon the foreign field, and the relative size of Sunday the possible Scriptural basis for schools in the old city and in the should be read by all who are suburbs has many exceptions. the use of a "three years average" income in making up an interested in s t e war d s hip, Professor Leiffer's analysis of "resort cities" and the dilemma estimate of the individual's re- church support and missionary of the church is especially pen- etrating. He says: "It is not sponsibility in systematic stew- administration. . surprising that in such a setting ardship giving, and its value in WALTER C. ERDMAN. the Church is confronted by al- most insuperable obstacles in its circumstances where there is The Missionary Education of Adults. effort to develop a Christian wide fluctuation of incomes due By John Leslie Lobingier. 182 pp. community. The institutions of to local conditions. $1.00. Missionary Education Move- religion, always influenced by the way in which people earn He urges the extension of in- ment, New York. 1938. terdenominational, international their living, are more affected promotion of the stewardship In every church there are by the economic life of the reidea by the various Stewardship sort city than by that of any Councils and the World Stew- those who have a genuine con- other urban center." ardship Union, and suggests that cern for humanity, whether in The author makes abundantly clear that "Every factor shaping China, Chicago or Chile. The the life of man also influences his church. The dominance of interest of another group is "in inverse ratio to the square of the distance" ; their religion is looked upon as a personal pos- session – something to enjoy rather than to spread. Thus the author, one of the Board of Managers of the Missionary Education Movement, states the divergent viewpoints.

In the ten chapters of this book he not only shows the im- portance of impressing the latter class of church members with a "sense of missions", and points out how missions are bound up with world affairs, but he out- lines methods for stirring Chris- tians to greater interest. Every leader of a mission study class will find this book of practical value. H. H. F.

manufacturing in the suburbs neglected to see, emphasize or the spirit. Unity denies sin, ties the church closely to the whole industrial process. Where apply. But most, if not all, of sickness and death and teaches wages are low, social institutions, the church included, suf- them are false philosophies and that "in his true estate man is fer. When unemployment stalks the streets additional problems mislead their devotees in some the Christ, the Head of the are laid on the church's doorstep, while its ability to meet important respects. Mr. Van body." these increased demands is restricted by shortage of funds. Baalen has performed a real Most of the cults either are … The intensity and strain resulting from high-speed indus- service in his careful review of naturalistic and deny the supertrial production, the feeling of ten different modern cults, more human (supernatural)-as in e con 0 m i c insecurity which hovers over nearly every wage or less related to Christian Mormonism-; or they hold that earner, the omnipresent, smokebelching factory, produce in teachings. These cults include everything is spiritual – as in people social and psychic reactions of which the church must Spiritism, theosophy, Christian Christian Science. Mr. Van be cognizant." Science, Unity, Baha'ism, Mor- Baalen emphasizes the need of a In his prophecy regarding the futur~ significance of the medi- monism, Seventh Day Advent- world-wide revival in evangeliopolis, Professor Leiffer appears to lose sight of the intimate re- ism, Russellism, "Buchmanism,'~_ cal Christianity as the best antirelation between industrial sub- and Unitarianism with Modern- . dote to error in faith and life. urbs and residential suburbs that constitute a considerable ism. These are not by any means He calls for clear-cut, sound, exproportion of these cities and of great metropolitan co:mmu- all in the same class, except that pository teaching of Biblical nities. The growth in the population of cities from 50,000 they differ in some more or less truth, producing a sense of sin to 100,000 for the last census decade was 20.5 <70, if located important respects from what is and acceptance of Jesus Christ within metropolitan districts, while only 11 <70 if located out- generally accepted as "ortho- as Lord and Saviour. This is a side these districts. dox" Christianity. day when many are turning CITY AND CHURCH IN TRANS- ITION should be read by adult The author bases his own es- aside to fables and will not enstudents of the background of American history, by specialists timate of each cult on its har- dure sound doctrine. Many false in church administration, Home Mission executives who are en- mony with the teachings and teachers and philosophies are deavoring to equalize religious privilege in America, and by spirit of Christ as revealed in abroad and deceive, if possible, pastors and students of the world mission of the Church. the New Testament. He has the very elect. This book should Part Two will be of particular interest to ministers who are in evidently read widely and gives help many to avoid the pitfalls search of new techniques. an excellent selected bibliogra- that lie in the path of those who CHARLES HATCH SEARS. phy, including books on both depart from the clear teaching The Chaos of Cults. By J. K. Van Baalen. 8 vo. 227 pages. $2.00. sides of each subject. He en- of Christ and the Bible. Wm. B. Erdmans Pub. Co. Grand Rapids, Mich. 1938. deavors to be intelligent and Educational Missions at Work. Ed- fair in his presentations, giving ited by H. P. Thompson. 128 pp. Many Christians are confused Illus. 186d. S. P. G. London. 1938. today because of the various the history of each movement, cults that have arisen to inter- and describing its strong points This brief sketch of the educapret or apply Christian teach- and its errors in teaching and ing, or to dispute the claims of the results. Here is a book that tional work of the Society for Christ and the teachings of the ministers and teachers should Bible. There is some good, some read in order to guide and guard the Propagation of the Gospel in truth, in all of these cults-often those who are in danger of besome truth that Christians have ing led astray. India, Burma and Malaya, South "Unity," for example, appeals Africa and the Far East shows to many because of its emphasis on health, happiness, peace and conditions under which Chris- love. Mr. Van Baalen shows its relation to mesmerism, Chris- tian education is being given and tian Sci e n c e and "N e w Thought." Unity emphasizes the problems and difficulties that certain phases of truth-such as must be faced, illustrated by de- aVbidance of anxiety and fear. scriptions of a few typical But Unity seeks to spiritualize everything and fails to face schools. The nine chapters make facts. Jesus is called "the Su- it clear that it has been the edu- preme Ego" that rises in the cational work of the Christian Church that has kept civilization alive; and that in these turbu- lent times it is the privilege of Christian schools to make this civilization a blessing to the world. H. H. F.

subconscious mind as a Star in' The House on the Island. By Grace the East (or occult realism) and Pettman. 181 pp. Is. 6d. Picker- grows in our consciousness – ing & Inglis, London. 1937.

as the Wise Men came nearer A wholesome story for girls their goal-until the soul re- of 'teen age, recounting the ex- ceives this "Supreme Ego." periences in an English board- Galilee is said to "represent the ing school of a girl unfamiliar life activity or soul energy of with school routine, but who man acting in conjunction with knew the Great Teacher, and substance." God is pantheisti- made her influence felt. A touch cally conceived and Jesus, the of mystery holds the reader's at- man, is separated from Christ, tention.

Boole. The Heart of the Levant. J. McKee The Kingdom of God and

Adams. 163 pp. 40 cents. South- .H. G. Wood. 216 pp. 78. 6el. Allen The Church Takes Root in India. ern Baptist Foreign Mission Board. & Unwin. London. 1938. Basil Matthews. 197 pp. $1.00. Richmond, Va. Friendship Press. New York. 1938. Church and Community. K. S. La- The Process of Change in the Otto- tourette. 259 pp. 88. 6el. Allen & Who Is tne Holy Spirit? Henry W. man Empire. Wilbur W. White. Unwin. London. 1938. Frost. 124. pp. $1.25. Fleming H. 315 pp. $3.50. Cambridge Univer- Revell. New York. 1938. sity Press. London. 1937. The Universal Church and the World of Nations. Marquess of Lothian. Seeing Prophecy Fulfilled in Pales- Congo, Past and Present. Alfred R. 325 pp. 88. 6d. Allen & Unwin. tine. George T. B. Davis. 127 pp. Stonelake. 202 pp. $1.25. World London. 1938. lB. Pickering & Inglis. London. Dominion Press. New York. 1937. 1988. The Industrialization of the African: Children of the Veld: Bantu Vig- Memorandum Prepared by Thirty Business Men of the Bible. James nettes. Robert H. W. Shepherd. Persons with expert knowledge of C. Muir. 110 pp. National Pub- 194 pp. 68. James Clarke. London. African Affairs. 22 pp. 6el. Anti- lishing Co. Philadelphia. 1988. 1937. Slavery and Aborigines Protection Society. London. 1987. S. J. W. Clark. Roland Allen. 170 Religion in Central America. Ken- pp. 28. 6d. World Dominion Press. neth G. Grubb. 146 np. 58._"World The Thousand 'Years of Uncertainty. London. 1938. Dominion Press. London. 1987. By K. S. Latourette. 492 pp. $3.50. Harper Bros. 1938. Impending Great Events. John The Romantic Isles. John Levo. 88 Ritchie. 192 pp. 28. 6el. Pickering pp. lB. S. P. G. London. 1938. City and Church in Transition. By & Inglis. London. 1938. Murray H. Leiffer. 302 pp. $2.50. On Both Sides of the Equator. F. Willett Clark & Co., Chicago. 1988. Outline History of the Christian Braun and C. V. Sheatsley. 284 pp. Church. Dorothea J. Stephen. 92 $1.00. Lutheran Book Concern. My Community, My Church and pp. Madras. S. P. C. K. Columbus, O. 1937. Me. By Wilbur C. Hallenbeck. 62 pp. 35 cents. Friendship Press, The American Chfistian Missionary World Chaos or World Christianity. New York. 1938. Society and the Disciples of Christ. Henry Smith Leiper. 181 pp. Grant K. Lewis. 216 pp. $1.50. $1.50. Willett, Clark. Chicago. City Shadows. By Robert W. Searle. Christian Board of Publication. St. 1937. 165 pp. $1.00. Friendship Press, Louis. 1937. New York. 1938. Missionaries' Who's Who. (Bi- The Sixth Decade of the Woman's lingual.) 578 pp. National Chris- Devotees of Christ. By D. S. Batley. Board of Foreign Missions. S. T. tian Council. Tokyo, Japan. 1938. 147 pp. 28. Church of England Winkel. 111 pp. 40 cents. Wom- Zenana Missionary Society, Lon- an's Board, 1937. Reformed Church Adventures in the Campaign for Lit- don. in America. New York City. 1938. eracy in India and Africa. F. C. Laubach. 22 pp. World Literacy Dinabandhu. By Ruth' Isabel Sea- Japan Over Asia. W. H. Chamber- Committee, 156 Fifth Ave., New bury. 182 pp. $1.00. Friendship lain. 395 pp. $3.50. Little, Brown. York. 1937. Press, New York. 1938. Boston. 1938. Religious Education in the Method- Francisco Fulgencio Soren. By L. Japan Defies the World. J. A. N. ist Church of Mexico. 100 pp. M. Brachter. 224 pp. $1.25. Broad- Scherer. 311 pp. $2.50. Bobbs Free on application. Joint Commit- man Press, Nashville. 1938. Merrill. Indianapolis. 1937. tee of Relij!l'ious Education, 740 Rush St., ChIcago. 1937. Following in His Train. By Ethlene Chinese Women. Florence Ayscough. B. Cox. 217 pp. 60 cents. Broad- 324 pp. 128. 6d. Cape. London. Devotees of Christ: Some Women man Press, Nashville. 1938. Pioneers of the Indian Church. D. S. Batley. 147 pp. 28. Church W orId Treasure Trails. V01. II. Thirty Years in China. Story of the of England Zenana Missionary So- India. By Ethel E. Ward. 127 pp. Augustana Synod as Told by Mis- ciety. London. 1938. $1.00. Women's Missionary Society, sionaries. Edited by G. Carlberg. Free Methodist Church, Winona 230 pp. $1.50. Board of Foreign The Cost of Reunion. Edwin James Lake, Indiana. 1938. Missions. Augustana Synod. St. Peter, Minn. 1937. Palmer. 22 pp. 4a. Student To Be Continued. By L. B. Thomas. 66 pp. 25 cents. Broadman Press, With Christ in Indo-China. E. F. Christian Movement. Lon don. Nashville, Tenn. 1938. Irwin. 164 pp. $1.00. Christian 1937. Publications, Inc. Harrisburg,· Pa. The Living Word. The Church Mis- 1937. Toward a World Christian Fellow- sionary Society's Review for 1937- ship. K. S. Latourette. 64 pp. 50 38. 56 pp. 6d. C. M. S. London. Inside India. Halide Edib. 378 pp. cents. Association Press. New 108. 6a. Allen & Unwin. London. York. 1938. Steps Toward the World Council. 1938. By Charles S. McFarland. 128 pp. Missions and Unity. W. J. Noble. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell, New Christ's Way to India's Heart. J. 23 pp. 4el. World's Evangelical York. 1938. Wascom Pickett. 117 pp. 28. Alliance. London. 1938. United Society for Christian Litera- Victory Through Youth. By Luther ture. London. 1987. The Secret of the African. E. W. J. Holcomb. 83 pp. 25 cents. Smith. 142 pp. 28. 6a. United Broadman Press. Nashville. 1938. Better Villages. F. L. Brayne. 304 Society for Christian Literature. pp. 38. Oxford University Press. London. 1938. Voices of Twelve Hebrew Prophets. London. 1938. By G. Campbell Morgan. 60 pp. The National Faith of Japan. D. C. 28 6el. Pickering & Inglis. London. Moving Millions. Introduction by Holton. 829 pp. 158. Kegan Paul. 1938. Robert E. Speer. $1.00. Central London. 1938. Committee on United Study of For- Seventy Less Known Bible Stories. eign Missions. 1938. The Nestorian Documents and Relics Br George Goodman. 331 pp. 38. in China. P. Y. Saeki. 645 pp. PIckering & Inglis, London. 1938. The Challenge of the Northwest 408. Toho Bunkwa Gakuin. Tokyo. Frontier (India). C. F. Andrews. 1987. The Approaching Advent of Christ. 208 pp. 38. 6a. Allen & Unwin. By Alexander Reese. 327 pp. 68. London. 1937. Revolutionary Religion: Christian- Marshall, Morgan & Scott, London. ity, Fascism and Communism. 192 Tibet and Her Neighbors. E. T. Wil- pp. 58.. Student Christian Move- Weare not confronted with the Iiams. 40 pp. 50 cents. University ment Press. London. 1938. problem of a spiritual church facing of California Press. Berkeley. a secular world, but rather with the 1937. The Christian Understanding of Man. problem of a secular church in a sec- T. J. Jessop. 268 pp. 88. 6el. Allen ular world. – T. Z. Koo, Shangltmi, & Unwin. London. 1938. China.

/)0. NotMtu THE MOSLEM

PUBUSHED BY THE HARTFORD SEMINARY FOUNDATION Edit:ors: SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, EDWIN E. CALVERLEY SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY NUMBER Islam. a Sevenfold Problem Samuel M. Zwemer Some Libraries of Cairo William M. Randall Islam in Sumatra Ra,mond L. Archer Allah Before Islam. F. V. Winnett AI Kumail: Companion of the Secret Dwight M.Donaldson The Moslem Antagonist Robert S. Darbishire Sins and Their Punishment in Islam Francis T. Cooke Church and State in the Near East Alford Carleton A Theological Poem J. Lowrie Anderson Book Reviews–Current Topics Survey of Periodicals Sue Molleson Foster -.-~~ SUBSCRIBE NOW ~II(-_.

50 Cents a Copy. $2.00 a Year (postpaid) In combination with THE MOSLEM WORLD THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City $3.50 a Year. (Foreign Postage, 50 Cents.) British Agents: MARSHALL, MORGAN & SCOTT, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. Price in Great Britain, Eight Shillings a Year, net THE LIFE OF GEORGE BOWEN, OF BOMBAY By ROBERT E. SPEER This is the biography of a very remarkable Christian missionary to India and for twenty years the inBuential and able editor of the Bombay Guardian. Dr. J. Sumner Stone called him, "The White Yogi."

When George Bowen died in 1888 there was call for a worthy biography but its preparation was delayed. Later all the biographical material-including his diaries, letters, reminiscences, and the books and pamphlets of which he was author-was turned over to Dr. Speer. This material has now been put into shape for publication and the result is a frank and stimulating picture of the man,-his experiences, unique character, forceful views and methods of work. Here is a life story that is of absorbing interest and will richly reward the thoughtful reader. The book is now ready for delivery.

CONTENTS I. Family of George Bowen. XI. A Decisive Year, 1849. II. Boyhood and Youth. XII. From 1850 to 1855. III. Three Years Abroad. XIII. Ten Years of Independent Work. IV. Life in New York, 1840-1844. XIV. The Bombay Guardian. V. Illumination of a Hopeless Love. XV. Relations with the American Board. VI. Conversion to Christianity. XVI. Association with the Methodist Church. VII. At Union Theological Seminary. XVII. Bowen as a Writer. VIII. His Missionary Appointment. XVIII. Correspondence with Henry W. Rankin. IX. The Voyage to India, 1847. XIX. Closing Testimony. X. Beginning Missionary Work.

This latest work by Dr. Speer may be ordered at $2.50 per copy from THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 156 Fifth Avenue, New York

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1937

MARCH,1937

Changing and Unchanging Things in Foreign Missions Robert E. Speer The American Indian and His Religion Elaine Goodale Eastman What Christ Has Done for Untouchable~ v. s. Azariah A Firebrand for Christ in Iran J. Christy Wilson Japanese Shrines and Emperor Worship By a Resident of Japan Modern Missionary Motives w. B. Anderson Christ, the Church and Modern Youth Daniel A. Poling 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember PLAN NOW to Spend Next Summer's Vacation with

ica's Greatest Theological Teachers. March ll-15-Annual Meeting, Wom- an's Missionary Council, Methodist Winona Lake School of Theology, Winona Lake, Indiana Episcopal Church, South. Colum- bia, S. C. For Ministers. Teachers, Missionaries. Sunday School Workers and Laymen SO May ll-General Conference, United Courses leading to Regular Theological Degrees, Cost Reasonable Free Brethren in Christ, Chambersburg, July 7 to August ll···Two Terms 15 Days Each.•·lnterdenominational Pa. Rooms Evangelical Faith and High Scholarship Combined May 18-21-National Convention of Dr. W. E. Biederwolf. Director (Ask for free Prospectus) Dr. J. A. Huffman. Dean the Evangelical Women's Union, St. Louis, Mo. and of all Christians in order to rid ~!,mn~ the world of leprosy. May 20-25 – Northern Baptist Con- vention, Philadelphia, Pa. *** of tbt May 26 – General Assembly, United Miss Laura M. White, a mIsslOn- Presbyterian Church, Oak Park, Ill. ary in China for over forty years, May 27-General Assembly, Presby- died in Germantown, Pennsylvania, ((bri~tian terian Church in U. S. A., Colum- on January 25. She was born in bus, Ohio. Philadelphia, where she was grad- Obituary Notes uated from Temple University and lLift Mrs. Amy Wilkes Zwemer, the went to China in 1892 under the Womwife of Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of an's Foreign Missionary Society of cA. BOOK of worship in song, com- Princeton Theological Seminary, died suddenly of heart disease in New York the Methodist Episcopal Church. For bining a hymnal for general Citv on January 25. Mrs. Zwemer fifteen years she was editor of The was born 71 years ago in Woolver- Christian Literature Soc i e t y of church use, and a song book for evanhampton, England. After being graduated as a registered nurse she served Shanghai. gelistic purposes. Only songs sound in a hospital in Sydney, Australia and *** volunteered for mission work in Bagh- Mrs. Lillie Campbell Orbison, wife in the faith and inspirational in chardad, Iraq. She and Dr. Zwemer were married in Arabia in 1896 and con- of Rev. John H. Orbison, recently a acter included—emphasizing Evangeltinued their missionary service for member of the Punjab Mission of the Moslems, residing in Arabia and Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., died ism, Missions, and the Deeper Life. Egypt until 1930 when Dr. Zwemer on February 5th in Hoshiarpur, India. Many of the new-·-the best of the old. became Professor of Missions and Comparative Religions at Princeton Dr. and Mrs. Orbison were honorably 504 Songs Responsive Readings Theological Seminary. One of Dr. retired in 1932, after nearly fifty Topical Index Gold Embossed Zwemer's daughters, Mrs. C. L. Pickens, is the wife of a missionary in years of service in India. Mrs. Orbi- Published in round notes and Roxite cloth Hangkow, China; two other daugh- son was born in Manayunk, Pa., 78 edition only at $65.00 per 100···an especially ters and a son, Dr. Raymond L. years ago. low price. Single copy, S5c postpaid. Zwemer, of New York, also survive *** the mother. Mrs. Zwemer was author Write today for returnable sample copy of "Two Young Arabs," was joint author of "Topsy Turvy Land," "Zig- Mr. Frank Thompson, who died in Zag Journeys in the Camel Country," and was one of the editors of the CRUSADE SONqS London on November 22, in his 84th volume entitled "Moslem Women." year, was known for his long associa- '" Wellesley C. B'a" ile'"y, founder and tion with Spurgeon's Tabernacle and cA CHOICE selection of 105 hymns and retired secretary of the Mission to its allied institutions. He was also choruses for Revival Services, Bible Con- Lepers, which he founded over sixty years ago, died in Edinburgh, Scot- for nearly a quarter of a century a ferences, and Missionary Conventions. land, on January 28th at the age of member of the Baptist Missionary 90. Mr. Bailey was born in Thorn- Society's General Committee. One Strong manila binding, 15c each; bury, Ireland, on April 27, 1846, was son, Stanley, served in the Congo $12.50 per 100. Carriage extra. educated at Kilkenny College and after a brief period in New Zealand until retired because of broken health; CHRISTIAN PUBLICATIONS,Inc. became a Presbyterian missionary at another son, Cecil, is Secretary of a Ambala, India. There he opened the British Mission Auxiliary. 1502 North Third Street first missionary leper asylum in 1869. Five years later he founded the Mis- '" '" '" Harrisburg, Pa. sion to Lepers, during his furlough in Ireland, and in 1886 became gen- Sir Andrew Wingate, son of Rev. eral secretary to the Mission, a post Wm. Wingate, missionary to the Rev. Robert Tahupotiki Haddon, which he held until 1917, when he be- Jews, died in Switzerland January 1, Maori chief, died November 5. The came Honorary Superintendent. Mr. at the age of 90. Sir Andrew entered Methodist Times says: "Mr. Haddon Bailey emphasized the necessity for a the Indian Civil Service nearly sev- was a chief of high rank who could threefold objective, preaching the enty years ago, becoming widely trace his ancestry back a millennium. Gospel to lepers, supplying their known as Famine Secretary during He stood over six feet in height, erect simple wants, and relieving their suf- the great South India drought of as a spear, with flashing eyes in a ferings through medical care. Since 1877. On his retirement in 1902, he rugged, kindly countenance. He was then the Mission has sought also to gave himself wholeheartedly to volun- ordained to the native ministry in win the cooperation of governments teer missionary work. He was espe- 1904, and for over thirty years he exercised a faithful ministry. Mr. cially interested in the Bible Society's Haddon twice advocated the claims of activities, in Jewish missions, and in his people in New Zealand Parlia- Anglo-Indian Education. ment.

'" '" '" The Rev. Dr.'"Jam* es*S. Gale, author Dr. Thomas J. Porter, Prof. of of "Korean Sketches" and other vol- Church History at Campinas, Brazil, umes and for forty years a mission-' until his retirement in 1932, died sud- ary of the Presbyterian Church, denly in California, December 26. U. S. A., in Korea, died in Bath, Eng- Dr. Porter was a missionary in Persia land, on J.anuary 31 at the age of from 1889 to 1896, and after a period seventy-five. James Gale was born of iII health took up the professorship in Pilkington, Ontario, graduated from Toronto University and went to at Campinas.

'" '" '" Rev. N. Odinzov, President of the Korea in 1888 as a representative of All-Russia Baptist Union, recently the Y. M. C. A. Three years later he died in the Yaroslaw prison. He had joined the Presbyterian Mission and refused every temptation to renounce retired in 1928. to live in England. his Christian convictions. (Concluded on third cover.)

MISSIONARY Personal

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Dr. Julius .Richter, of Berlin, is TBE DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor now in America, lecturing at the ORI.ENT VOL. LX MARCH,1937 No.3 , Biblical Seminary in New York. In Publication and Business Olllce– Record Time! Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. * * … Mr. William M. Danner, for over Go direct fromVancouver and Editorial and Executive Olllce– Victoria in 10 days by Em- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. twenty-six years the General Secre- press of Asia or Empress of Entered as second-class matter at Russia. Only 3 more days via tary of the American Mission to Hawaii by Empress of .lapan Post Olllce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Lepers, has been honorably retired. (fastest ship on the Pacific) Act of March 3, 1879. or Empress of Canada. Con- So far as his health permits, he will nect at Honolulu from Cali- 25 cents a copy–$2.50 a year. continue to serve the cause of the fornia ports. Low round-trip Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. fares include passage from Published monthly, except August. lepers by public addresses and in con- and to Seattle. All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1937. British agents – Marshall, Morgan sultation on the affairs of the Mission. ~fI.+ and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, .. * .. For rates and sailings, see 10 shillings a year. YOUR TRAVEL AGENT or Cana- The Rev. Emory Ross has been dian Pacific: New York, Chi- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB~ ca~o, San Francisco, 38 other LISHING CO., INC. elected General, Secretary of the citIes in U. S. and Canada.

BOARD OF DIRECTORS American Mission to Lepers. He was, ROBERT E. SPEER, President A. L. WARNSHUIB, Vice-President for some sixteen years a missionary in WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary the Congo. … …

SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT Rev. T. C. Wu, General Secretary WILLIAM I. ClLumlDRLAIN D. J. FANT of the Chinese Mission to Lepers, has MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD resigned after more than ten years'

Emc M. NORTH service. As leader of the Chinese SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Mission to Lepers he has placed that Editorial Chat work on a high level of efficiency.

The annual meeting of the REVIEW * * … was held on February 18th for the Rev. Thomas Alfred Tripp, of consideration of annual reports and the election of directors for the en- Mystic, Connecticut, has become Assuing year. sociate Director of the Town and *** The June issue of the REVIEW will Country Department of the Church be devoted to the Home Mission study subject for the year, "Christ and Extension Boards of the Congrega- Rural America." (See notice on back cover of this issue.) tional churches. * * .. *** Rev. Ernest E. Grimwood has been Will you help acquaint friends with the REVIEW as a means of increasing appointed Director and Chairman of interest and cooperation in Christ's work throughout the world? Send the Central Asian Mission. Prior to names and addresses to the Circulation Department, 3d and Reily Streets, the War, he served the Mission as Harrisburg, Pa., and we will send honorary secretary and editor and free sample copies. later was honorary secretary of the *** Sudan Interior Mission, which posi- Here are the unsolicited estimates of the value of the REVIEW, received tion he resigned… in No… vember. recently from missionary readers: … "The REVIEWS that you are getting out are exceedingly fine. I do not Rev. William Henry Fonger has think that in all its history THE RE- been elected secretary of the Philip- VIEW has done as good work as it is pine agency of the American Bible doing now, and unless I am very Society, where he has served as actgreatly mistaken God is using it and ing agent since March, 1934. other influences with it, to get the missionary enterprise back on its own *** even keel again." Dr. Roy ,B. Guild and Dr. Worth DR. PAUL W. HARRISON. M. Tippy, Executive Secretaries of Muscat, Arabia. the Federal Council, became emeritus *** on January 1 and they will continue to give part time service to the Coun- "We enjoyed the Africa number of cil through 1937, carrying on certain THE REVIEW and hope that it will be important duties and being available possible for you to have a China number before very long. as counselors. … … …

REV. G. W. ROYALL. Dr. W. B. Bagby, Baptist mission- Shangtung, China. ary to Brazil since 1881, lives to see 600 churches with 50,000 members, five colleges, two seminaries, ,a publi- cation society, a home and foreign mission board carrying the gospel to the far interior of Brazil, to Portugal, and from Portu..g. al… to …Africa.

Dugald Campbell, F.R.G.S., who for several years has been in the serv- ice of the National Bible Society of Scotland, circulating the Scriptures through the Sahara, has found it necessary, from repeated heart at- tacks, to relinquish responsibility at Tamanrasset. This is an important development of the Society's work in the Sahara; it will now be under the direction of M. Jules d'Allmen.

(Concluded on third cover.) [113 ]

by Bureau of American

A RELIGIOUS TORTURE RITE OF THE AMERICAN I;lDIANS OF THE PLAINS THE RAIN DANCE OF THE ZUNI INDIANS OF NE.W MEXICO (See article on "The Amerkan Indian and His Religion," pages 128 to 130) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 3 MARCH,1937 Topics of the ·Times YOUTH – THE GREAT AMERICAN jority .of American yQung people are tQday spir- MISSION FIELD itually illiterate. But just because they are in this conditiQn, From all quarters today is heard the cry fQr revival. Religious leaders are joined by men young people constitute a great and fruitful misprominent in business and professiQnal life in de- sion field. For, whether we who had our educaelaring that modern problems have .their roots in tiQn more than fifteen year,s ago like to admit it moral and spiritual ills. One of the recent addi- or not, our schools and colleges are today almost tions to the chorus insistently calling fQr revival completely secularized. Of course, there are still is Mr. John Edgar Hoover, chief of the Federal a few Christian institutions left, but, compared G-Men. Commenting upon the huge crime bill of with the total student population .of the land, their the nation, he says, "We are in dire need .of a number is very small. President James Bryant spiritual awakening. We must place the rejuve- Conant, Dr. Eliot's successor, once remQved, nation of national morality above mundane am- spoke in his first annual report of the aim of the founders of Harvard and that early Puritan herit- bitions. . . ." age .of the university whereby educatiQn and the- There is nothing very remarkable about such a ology were united. And then with perfect candor statement. Mr. Hoover's work brings him face to he continued, "It is hard fQr us to recapture their face with the fruits .of godlessness. In the great [the Puritans'] point .of view; today, learning has army of youthful criminals he sees the logical re- become secular." And so it has. It has become suIt of the fact that vast numbers of American so secular that President Nicholas Butler, .of Co- parents have heedlessly left God and religion out lumbia, protests as follows in one .of his reports: of their lives and out of their homes. In an essay "So far as tax-supPQrted schools are cQncerned, published in The Atlantic Monthly, in 1924, the an odd situation has been permitted toO arise. The late Pres,ident Charles W. Eliot, of Harvard, separation of Church and State is fundamental in pointed toO the forty or fifty milliQns .of Americans our American political order, but as far as relinot connected with any church or religious or- gious instruction is cQncerned, this princip,le has ganization whatever. After remarking that the been so far departed from as to put the whole children .of such parents receive no religious in- force and influence .of the tax..supported school on struction at home .or abroad and are therefore the side of .one clement .of the population-namely, densely ignorant .of fundamental moralities and that which is pagan and believes in no religion even gQod manners, Dr. Eliot wrote these trench- whatever." ant words: "N0 such experiment on SQ vast aYes, the young people of America are a great scale has ever been tried since time began, as this missionary challenge. And this applies to uniconsiderable fraction of the American people is versity students as well as to secQndary and elenow trying-namely, bringing up their children mentary pupils. As the Editor of this REVIEW without any religious instructiQn." The great remarked, after lunching with some leaders at a New England educator published those words recent Student Volunteer C.onventiQn, the delethirteen years ago. Has the experiment paid? gates were a missionary field in that many .of them Every judge, every minister, every spiritual- had never yet really faced the claims of the Gos:- minded educatQr knows that it has not paid. pel .of Christ? If ever the words of our Lord re- Rather has it cost a dreadful price; the great ma- garding "the fields white unto the harvest" ap- [ 115 ]

plied, they apply to. yQung people tQday. But, line-"The hungry sheep look up and are not fed." thank God, it is a fact that Ameriean youth is Let all missionary-minded Believers in Christ resPQnsive to. the Christian message. Black as the pray and wQrk to the end that the dreadful repicture of s,piritual illiteracy amQng our YQuth proach of a younger generatiQn spiritually starvmay be, it has anQther side. The great missiQn ing in a nominally Christian land may no longer field of American yQuth :is responsive to. Christ! rest upon the Church. FRANK E. GAEBELEIN. When He is truly presented, they listen and as they listen many yield themselves to Him. CHIANG, CHANG AND CHINA This is the mQst encQuraging fact in the reli- Oriental diplomacy is largely unintelligible to gious life Qf our cQuntry today-that the stirrings the Occidental mind, even ,to those who have spent of a spiritual awakening are being felt especially a lif~time in the Far East. China and Japan, in amQng the youth. SQme significant facts substan- any given circumstances, seldom s.ay or do what tiate that statement. First, there are the inter- Great Britain or America WQuld have said Qr denQminational ,summer cQnferences for young dQne, and their explanations of processes and repeQple. At a SCQre of centers throughout the land sults rarely meet Western requirements as to great numbers of students, many of them from lucidity Qr adequacy. colleges or universities, assemble for Bible study and spiritual fellowship, usually fQr periods of a One of the most mysterious and apparently irweek. Anyone who has been a leader in such con- rational performances in recent histQry is the ferences must have been struck with the intellec- sudden "kidnapping" and the unexpected release tual and moral calibre of the delegates and, even Qf Generalissimo Chiang Kai Shek, the head of more, with their eager response to. the preaching the Nationalist Armies, together with the surof the sovereign claims of the crucified and risen render, trial and treatment of his erstwhile cap- Christ. To see college men and women, to say tor, Chang Hisiieh Liang, a subordinate officer. nothing of the many high school students who. go The Generalissimo had just ,achieved such marvelto. these cQnferences, enter into a personal rela- ous success in uniting all the provinces of China tionship with the Lord gives Qne new hQpe for a under a central gQvernment, after personally leadcoming revival in America. ing National forces in driving the murderous CQmmunist hordes ,to the northwest borders, that There are also Bible study groups in leading the world, in its reawakened hope that China was universities. A few months ago. the writer had winning a new lease of life, was startled and horthe privilege of 'speaking at a great technological rified, early in December, by the report that institute. He was invited by a Bible study club, Chiang Kai Shek had been seized and held prissponsored by a group of students and faculty. oner by Chang Hsueh Liang, his subordinate of- The meeting was not large, but its very existence ficer in Shensi whom he had gone to consult. Many was remarkable. After it was over a professor of Chiang's military escort were slaughtered at said that it was only the second time he had ever the time and Chang was even reported as brQadseen a speaker with a Bible in his hand on a plat- casting to. the world his execution of the Genform at that institution. And many anQther great eralissimo. educational institution has a similar group of earnest Christian students and faculty, seeking The so-called "Marshal" Chang, son of Chang to. give a real witness for our Lord. Tso Lin, the ex-bandit "War-lord" of Manchuria, unable to hold Manchuria and other territory Again, any .pastor who is preaching the Gospel against the Japanese and for some time in retirewith power to a fun church, will say that his mQst ment, was ostensibly engaged in completing the resPQnsive hearers are his young people. So has suppression of the CQmmunists in Shensi and it ever been. The disciples came to Christ as Kansu. He seems, on the contrary, to have made young men. As young men the greatest mission- common cause with those outlaws in demanding aries have gone out to. preach the -GQspel. for the Communist party a share in ,the govern- ment and cooperation with the gQvernment troops The spiritual illiteracy of American YQuth is an ina crusade to drive out the Japanese. The appalling problem. It is heart-breaking to see seizure of General Chiang was for the purpose . millions of them being educated in bQdy and in of cQmpelling the adoption of ,this PQlicy by the mind, but with spirits starved for want of the Nanking government. Bread of Life and the only thirst-quenching Water of Life. What a challenge this mi'ssiQn Profoundly stirred by the rebellion and es,pefield of youth, in yQur city or town and in mine, cially by the threat against the life of the leader in your very neighbQrhood, makes upon us to to. whom all were looking for the safety of China, whom God has entrusted the only Message that the Nanking authorities despatched large fQrces can give our young people the joy and fruitful- fQr Chiang's rescue, but hesitated to. apply force ness of the new life in Chdst Jesus. In his great immediately lest it provoke his murder. Negotiaelegy, "Lycidas," John MiltQn has this poignant

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

tions w1th the rebels were undertaken and Mad- times, as heretofore, but something very near personal ame Chiang, with her brother T. V. Soong, flew concern for the safety of an admired, if not loved, figure. to Sian, the capital of Shensi, to intercede on the Our teacher, who came to Nanking rabidly anti-Chiang Generalissimo's behalf. On Christmas Day came three years ago, was so upset that he could not eat or sle'ep the word that not only had Chiang been freed but and was ready to weep. He said, "If only people knew that he was flying to Nanking with his captor! how much Chiang has done for the country!" Most of On their arrival both professed "penitence": the students were fearfully depressed and then went wild Chang for the rebellion and Chiang for the lax- when the news of Chiang's safety came. There are thouness of discipline which had rendered that rebel- sands who would be only too glad to kill Chang (Hsueh lion possible. Chang was tried, convicted, and Liang). pardoned, but retained in custody, while Chiang retired ;to his old home in Chekiang "for a rest." It is impossible to apportion the measure of Recent reports, like the earlier ones, are sadly tragedy and of melodrama in this whole series of conflicting. On the one hand they visualize a events. We may never know how much blood was concentration and stiffening of the rebellion actually shed or how serious was the actual threat under the leadership of Communist generals and of Chang Hsiieh Liang .against the life of his under the inflammatory radio broadcas,ts of a superior officer; but this much seems evident that woman radical from America. On the other hand not only China but the world has been led to realthey present a picture of the surrounding of rebel ize how much Chiang Kai Shek has already acstrongholds by government troops and the nego- complished toward the rehabilitation of China and tiation, at Sian, of peace ,to be secured by the how indi'spensable is his continued activity for withdrawal of all forces opposing the government. the completion of that enormous task. He has Only time will disclose the actual facts, or per- long been hampered by internal jealous.ies and haps only a small proportion of them. ambitions and by Japan's unwillingness to see China become a strong nation. China and the As to the missionaries of Shensi and Kansu, world shuddered at the reports of Chiang Kaireports have indicated their widespread peril, Shek's capture and execution; China and the with 'some of them held in Sian as hostages, world, in spite of the mystery of the transactions groups of rescuers were proceeding from Peiping at Sian, have exulted in the outcome'with its prosand elsewhere for their relief. By airplane and pect of better days to come. Once more China and the world have been made conscious of the other transportation many have left Shensi.* fact that, not only the Generalissimo and his wife, but also most of the other Chinese, prominent in Letters written at Nanking immediately after the building of the New China, find in Christianthe release of the captive Generalissimo give ity not only their own hope but the supreme hope forceful expression to the universal joy: for the future of the nation.

The word just received of Chiang Kai Shek's safe ar- COURTENAY H. FENN. rival in Loyang (Honan) was the most longed-for and welcomed of all Christmas gifts. The whole city and coun- WHEN DISASTER COMES try has been wild with joy. No one can realize how both he and Madame Chiang have endeared themselves to the Recent floods have devastated large portions of Chinese people. The loyalty and affection which is felt the Ohio Valley by raising the river level over for them is such as no one in China has ever before ex- sixty feet and have also threatened those 500,000 perienced. Just an hour ago the sky above us was filled people who live along the banks of the Mississippi, with airplanes going out to greet General Chiang ashe in the 1,200 miles from Cairo to the Gulf. It is returns to the city. Firecrackers are popping everywhere; reported that there is over $700,000,000 damage the streets are crowded with eager faces and the vicinity to property; nearly 1,000,000 people have temof the airdrome is filled with the joyful crowd waiting to porarily been driven from their homes, business greet the leader of China. has been disrupted, churches and schools inun- dated, and as a result over 500 people have died *** by drowning, accident, exposure or disease.

The situation at Sianfu (Shensi) has cast a pall of It seems incredible that with one hundred and gloom over everyone. So you can imagine our joy at six sixty years of national history, with immense o'clock Christmas Day at hearing that Chiang was safe wealth, great unemployed man-power, most modand in Loyang. The city went wild, with the streets ern powerful machinery, and efficient managers j.ammed with people and a din of firecrackers. It was a 'Of big business, no way has yet been found to perfect Christmas gift for the Government and many of prevent such destruction of life and property and the people. Indeed the most remarkable thing about the such disruption of national life. Some steps have whole affair has been the unprecedented concern of the been taken by certain towns and cities along the man on the street. I've never seen anything like it before Ohio, .as by Dayton, Ohio, and along the Missisin China. It was not fear of looting or financial hard sippi River, and $325,000,000 have recently been • Newspaper reports indicate that in the settlement with Communists and with Yang's and Chang's forces, the Nanking Government has recognized Communist control in North Shensi (where Swedish Baptists have a station), and gives Yang Fu-Cheng control over a central section where the Scandinavian Alliance Mission (C. 1. M.) has several stations. In Kansu, under the control of Chang's ex- Manchurian armies, there are stations of the Scandinavian Alliance, Assemblies of God, Christian and Missionary Alliance, and Tibetan Tribes Mission.-Ep~TOll,

expended by the United States Government in and coordination of all life. Some nations claim flood-control work on the Mississippi. that this ideal can be reached by strong military measures, some by the rule of the proletariat, But while levees and spillways have proved some by human dictatorship and a totalitarian their value, they do not solve the problem. The State. Christians know that the solution is in the floods carry off top-soil, which the raging torrents recognition of the sovereignty of the Almighty, bring down and deposit in such abundance that the all-wise and loving God, as revealed through Jesus bottoms of the riverbeds are continually rising Christ as the Way, the Truth, the Life. The pracand levees must be built higher and higher. Pitts- tice and the making known of this Way of Life burgh, Cincinnati, Cairo and Louisville are among is what constitutes the reason for existence of the the large cities that have suffered and President Christian Church. Is there any doubt that Amer- Roosevelt placed the entire Government on a "war ica and every other country in the world needs basis" to administer relief to the stricken areas true missionaries of Christ? – rushing airplanes, trucks, troops, doctors, nurses and conservation workers to the scene. CHURCH GROWTH IN CHOSEN As in other cases of sickness, sorrow and loss, The growth of Christianity among Koreans is Christians are not exempt. Churches, parsonages, one of the most enheartening evidences of the schools, homes and business, belonging to follow- work of God's spirit in the world. In the Presers of Christ, suffer with the people and property byterian Church alone there has been a growth who do not recognize Him. This causes some of of 75 % in the past six years-compare that with feebler faith to question the love of God or His a 10% growth of members in Presbyterian and power to protect His own. But the situation is Methodist churches of the United States. not new. Followers of God have always suffered with their fellow men who are unbelievers, but the In Chosen there were only 150 "adherents" remoral and spiritual effects on the two classes are corded for Presbyterian missions in 1890, six not the same. Disasters and trouble draw some men to God and turn their thoughts to the great years after the work was started. During the abiding realities, to the things that make earthly life effective and they have the assurance of next ten years the number increased to 13,569 or Eternal Life beyond this. Distress and disaster also develop human sympathy and sacrificial serv- 9000 %. Since 1900 the work has steadily grown ice, as has been shown so often. Sickness and calamity always stimulate human minds to study until now the adherents number 341,700-and the preventive measures, and to apply remedies. New cities and new men rise on the ruins of the old, Church is self-supporting and self-governing with when there is a vision of better and more abiding things. "No affliction (chastening) for the pres- its own Presbyteries and General Assembly. From ent seemeth to be joyous but grievous-nevertheless afterwards it yieldeth the peaceful fruit of 1930 to 1936 the church growth, as stated, was righteousness to them that are exercised thereby." seventy-five per cent in the number of Koreans on But if blessing comes through physical disaster Presbyterian church rolls. Adherents include bapwhat shall be said of sorrows, destruction and death that come through human selfishness and tized church members, enrolled catechumens, chilcruelty. In Spain, Italy, Germany, Russia, Japan and elsewhere the self-will of the natural man that dren and regular attendants at church services. is "at enmity with God, and is not subject to the law of God," brings untold suffering and loss. In The roll of baptized communicant members has America the reign of lawlessness in criminals; the selfish disregard of human rights on the part increased from 100 in 1890 to 112,987 in 1936. of many employers and employees; the selfish weakness of many unemployed; the strikers that The net gain for each decade has been from refuse to work, or to allow others to work-all 331;2% to 3600% in membership. The number add to the present nation-wide unrest and suffering. Even the most materialistic thinkers are of churches has grown from three in 1890 to coming to realize that what this nation needs, and every other nation, community and individual, is about 3,600 in 1936, with 3,254 church buildings. an all-wise, benevolent and all powerful Ruler who will insure righteous laws, impartial justice, There are nearly 19,000 unsalaried Korean evanunselfish and wise officials, and effective control gelists and local church leaders and the Sunday school pupils number about 35,000. Christian Endeavor societies report 37,695 members. The church contributions for the year 1936 amounted on the average to ten days' wages per member.

How about America? .

One of the most vital factors in the life of the Church in Chosen is found in the Bible institutes held at various times in the year. These bring together over 182,000 Korean Christians – one- half the church membership-for from one to six weeks for Bible study, prayer and training for Christian work. Is it any wonder that the Church is alive and grows?

and Unchanging Things I•n

Foreign Missions* l By ROBERT E. SPEER, New York -"-If:1~. ,-;;;;_""==A""ut""h""O",,r""0,,,,'"""""C""h""rCi""sht""ri.ai"s"nt""R"t"oe""a"M"li""tei",,e"s"",'"e,,'"t"c".""T""he=M""e""a""nt""'n,,,,g""O""'==-:.I}3e– T ET me begin rather indirectly. Some time ago deeper problem – which is the real one – is our L there appeared in the International Review relationship to history and experience. of Missions a review of a volume entitled There are those who thrust their heads into the "The Finality of Jesus Christ." It was a some- sand and say that there is no such relation, that what severe review and culminated in the criti- the imaginary present is wholly separable from cism that the book represented "the Presbyterian the past. Shortly after the World War a little orthodoxy of fifty years ago." Some time later group of students in one of our eastern univer- the publisher of this volume issued another book sities, feeling greatly bewildered and confused, by the same author which he sought to have ac- went off for a week-end retreat, and invited with cepted by one of the committees recommending them as a senior counsellor the late Dr. James monthly books to the reading public. He told me Harvey Robinson. One of the boys told me after- that the member of the committee of selection wards that in his first talk Dr. Robinson unequiv- whom he had approached remarked in reply that ocally advised them "to cut loose from every idea the writer of the book "was a good fellow but he and institution of the past." Some time after- was a hundred years behind the times." ward I was talking with the president of one of I am rather well acquainted with the author of our largest railway systems with regard to one both these books-somewhat too well acquainted of our best-known American preachers, for whom -and I know that his only complaint with regard my new acquaintance was expressing the greatest to these criticisms is that they make him out en- admiration, on the ground that he had no respect tirely too much of a modernist! His purpose in whatever for the past and, frankly abandoning the first book was not to set forth the orthodoxy its positions, was striking out on wholly new of fifty years ago but to go much farther back and ideas.

to declare what he believed to be the orthodoxy To these two illustrations let me add one more, of the New Testament. And so far from being namely a full-page advertisement of a fortnight only a hundred years behind the times his earnest ago of the Bernarr Macfadden pulp magazines effort had been to get wholly behind them, be- which declared that these magazines were "keyed hind all time, and to set forth the eternal truth to the present and future" and not to the past. which is beneath time and beyond time. Pulp is a material which has no past. It is a sort of mushroom product and is a fitting material on The question here of perennial interest is of which to print magazines which instantly on course the question of the relation between the their publication vanish into the past which they present and the past. In a sense, to be sure, any despise. such issue is purely fictitious, for what we call the present is a vanishing line. It is simply the fu- These illustrations will suffice. What a queer ture flashing by into the past. In reality, the and yet entirely natural reaction they represent! present is nothing but a compound of the imme- A few years ago the dominant formulas of diate past and the proximate future. The ques- thought were "heredity" and "determinism"; tion is how much of each enters into what we call they bound us hand and foot to the past. Now we the present. I suspect that the ratio differs with are swinging to the opposite extreme. But what different people but that in general the present is an utterly impossible view the new view is! Dr. simply a word for the period made up of perhaps Robinson was advising the boys to reject every seventy-five per cent of the immediate past and idea and institution of the past. I suspect that if twenty-five per cent of the proximate future. The they had looked at him carefully they would have • President's address, somewhat abridged, delivered at the Forty- seen a twinkle in his eye and his tongue in his AfomuretrhicaA, n(n.uJaanl uSaeryssiIoi ntoof8,th1e93F7o)r.eign Missions Conference of North cheek. He was giving them this advice through [119 ]

a language which was the supreme embodiment maica and Sierra Leone and then at home had and achievement of the past; and his chief instru- done his work in the destruction of British slavment of action as an author was books produced ery, and who represented in his own mind and and circulated by means of inventions of the past. character the great Christian tradition of his race. "Some, perhaps," said Trevelyan, "will re- The railroad president wanted the past re- gard such motives as old-fashioned and such conjected. What would his board of directors have victions as out of date; but self-abnegation, selfsaid if he had proposed that the capital of the road control, and self-knowledge that do not give to accumulated in the past, its rolling stock manu- self the benefit of any doubt, are virtues that are factured in the past, its right-of-way acquired in not old fashioned, and for which as time goes on the past, should all be discarded and the road be- the world is likely to have as much need as ever." gin anew? The other quotation is from "The Life and Let- Would our friend, the book-recommender, pro- ters of Thomas Hardy." "Conservatism," wrote pose to discard everything more than a hundred Hardy, "is not estimable in itself, nor is change years old-Shakespeare and Milton, Raphael and or radicalism. To conserve the existing good, to Michelangelo, Plato and Phidias and Homer? supplant the existing bad by good, is to act on a What silly talk this is and how utterly stupid in true political principle which is neither conservaits failure to realize that time is not mechanical tive nor radical." but organic; that the present is only the projected and continuing past; and that the past, so All this just as background for the theme on far from being closed and complete, is all open which I wish to speak, namely, "Some of the and contingent, waiting for the full determination Changing and Unchanging Things in Foreign of its character upon the loyalty or disloyalty of Missions." the present and the future. Changing Personnel At Northfield long ago one of the best loved and most original veterans of the Civil War, the late Of the changing things, each one will be think- Chaplain Henry Clay Trumbull, made the Fourth ing first of the changing personnel. In this comof July address on the theme "Our Duty to Make pany there is not one person besides myself who the Past a Success." He took his text from the was present at the first of these conferences forty- Epistle to the Hebrews where, after the great roll four years ago. The conferences began at the inof the heroes and heroines of Israel's history, the stance of the Committee on Foreign Missions of writer declares: "And these, all having obtained the Western Section of the Alliance of the Rea good report through faith, received not the formed Churches holding the Presbyterian syspromise; God having provided some better thing tem. That committee called a conference of the for us, that they without us should not be made representatives of the Foreign Mission Boards of perfect." the Presbyterian and Reformed Churches of the Uuited States and Canada to meet on January 11, So! How often during this past football sea- 1893, at the old Presbyterian Mission House on son did we see the ball on the five-yard line, with the corner of Fifth Avenue and Twelfth Street in the whole stadium seething with excitement, with New York City. There were present 38 repreone team seeking to carry the ball the last five sentatives of the eight boards of these Presbyyards and the other team resisting with every terian and Reformed Churches. There are only ounce of its power. How did the ball get there, two survivors of this group- Dr. Avison, who if the past is of no consequence? On that phi- has just retired from his rich service as a medical losophy, why not take it back to the middle of the missionary in Chosen, and myself. The following field where it will stay forever, on the theory that day there met in the same place 78 representathe present is to have no use for the past? All tives of the 23 foreign mission agencies of that the struggle that went before was futile unless day, including almost everyone of our denominanow in this fleeting moment the present does its tional boards and also the China Inland Mission duty to the past and fulfils its own mission in the and the Christian and Missionary Alliance. The discharge of its trust. Lutheran Church was not represented at the first conference but was present at the second and . Noble things the great past promised, thereafter in the person of a grand Christian Holy qreams both strange and true; man, Dr. Scholl. – There are only five survivors of the 78 delegates at this first conference-Dr. Avi- But thE{present shall fulfill them, son, Dr. Mott, Dr. Campbell White, William D. What he promised she shall do. Murray and myself. The names of almost all who were present come back to me now: Dr. N. G. All can be found in two noble quotations from Clark, Dr. A. C. Thompson, Dr. Judson Smith of two books I have just read. The first is from the American Board; Dr. Duncan, and Dr. Henry Trevelyan's "Life of Macaulay," regarded as one of the half-dozen great biographies in the English tongue. Trevelyan is speaking of Zechary Macaulay, Lord Macaulay's father, who in Ja-

CHANGING AND UNCHANGING THINGS IN FOREIGN MISSIONS

C. Mabie of the American Baptist Missionary who came to perpetuate the ministry of Christ Union; Dr. Tucker of the Southern Baptists; Mr. and to make the Christian Church the most tire- Kimber and Dr. Satterlee of the Episcopal Board; less, the most inventive, the most persistent, the Dr. Stephen C. Baldwin, Dr. A. B. Leonard and most persuasive agency of human history.

Dr. Peck and Dr. Walter R. Lambuth from the I have seen so many attitudes change, and so two Methodist Churches; Dr. R. M. Sommerville many issues rise and disappear, that I can view of the Reformed Presbyterian Church; Dr. Henry with a calm mind many of the eddies and drifts N. Cobb of the Reformed Church in America; of the present day. I was a schoolboy in Phillips Dr. Dales and Dr. Barr of the United Presby- Academy at the height of the Andover contro- terian; from Canada came Dr. Sutherland, Dr. versy and the contention in the American Board MacLaren, Dr. R. P. Mackay, John Charlton and over the question of the "second probation." We others. Most of the glorious company whom we have seen the humanism of the last generation met in these conferences across these forty-four rise and begin to pass, and have heard Berdyaev years are gone now. How fast they pass! Soon and many another sing its requiem. Professor the new generation will be taking our places. Julius Richter, on his last visit, described with Not only does the personnel of missionary humorous disdain the burial in Germany of many workers at home change but how fast has changed of the philosophies which had been born and had also the roll of missionaries. We could profitably died there and which were still influencing thought recall tonight the men and women who have gone in America. We have all seen the rise of the out from our churches, served the three genera- Barthian emphasis, which surely is not the whole tions of our foreign mission history by the will of of the Gospel but is an essential recovery of cer- God and who are engaged now in an ampler serv- tain aspects of truth which will not be so easily ice and an immortal liberty. lost again.

One would also recall the great list of national Some of our changes of attitude are not as great leaders; Dr. Schneder and I were speaking today as we sometimes suppose. In the January issue of that company of powerful personalities which of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD I founded the Christian Church in Japan and were quoted the substance of a letter which the late remembering the three survivors who are still Dr. J. P. Jones wrote to The Harvest Field in with us-Ibuka, Kozaki and Ebina. We sorely India in 1903. He was one of the wisest and miss the men who have gone-Goreh and Chat- ablest missionaries of his time. After he had terjee, Arcadio Morales and Alvaro Reis, Eduardo been traveling among the churches on furlough, Pereira and Erasmo Braga, and scores of others he wrote for his friends in India his impressions who were with us and are not with us now, save of the missionary situation in the home church.

in the invisible company. The personnel of our If he were describing the situation today his de- missionary enterprise changes fast, and this scription would not differ greatly from his ac- change alone brings with it the inevitable changes count of what he found a whole generation ago.

due to new times and new duties and the new per- There have been changes of emphasis and of atti- sonalities which rise with them. tude, but the essential issues have not changed so The Changing Methods much as some suppose. The change of attitude has probably been far The methods of the missionary enterprise have greater on many of the mission fields. The non- also changed and are ever changing. Perhaps Christian religions have changed as Christianity these changes have not been as great as we some- has not. Noone can overestimate the radical times suppose, or as we might desire. There are changes they have undergone and are undergoing.

new forms of evangelism, by newspaper adver- I have been reading the issues of the Bombay tising and radio (still in its infancy as a mis- Guardian under the editorship of George Bowen.

sionary method), and some old activities, such as He was one of the most remarkable Christian per- street and chapel preaching, are less practised sonalities of the nineteenth century-remarkable than they were. Many of us feel that the change for his intellectual ability and cultivation, for his has been too great in the diminution of mission- spiritual character, for his personal influence.

ary itineration. But the great basic method of The Bombay Guardian under his editorship was human influence and persuasion cannot change. one of the ablest religious papers in the world.

Preaching, teaching and healing were the meth- It is interesting to read today the articles on reli- ods of our Lord and they are the obvious and per- gious life and thought in India in his day; on manent methods of evangelism. One would like Hinduism and the reform movements, and to note to see still more ingenuity, more fertility of inven- the almost incredible changes which have come tion; not more reliance upon the promotional about in the past half century since Bowen wrote.

methods of modern exploitation but far more re- I do not remember Mazoomdar's visit to the West, sponse to the suggestions of that Living Spirit but I remember the swath cut by Swami Viva-

kananda. Many a Swami has followed in the conditions which the missionary enterprise had path which he blazed, all of them unconsciously to meet seventy-five or a hundred years ago-con- witnessing and contributing to the doom of that ditions of ignorance, of prejudice, or of racial and which they were seeking to preserve. And all religious selfishness. We are lacking today the these changes of past attitude are only predictions tidal wave of interest and sympathy which we had of further changes, not all of which will be for a generation ago in the old Laymen's Missionary good but none of which do we fear. Movement. Those who did not feel the hopeful The Changing Problems joyous surge of that spontaneous movement among the laymen of our churches cannot appre- Problems also have changed and will change; ciate what we have lost. Our new problem is to most of them superficially, but some fundamen- know what can take the place of such movements, tally. The political problem has changed greatly how the missionary enterprise can be so formu- within my memory. Mr. H. V. Morton's book, "In lated and so presented now as to draw forth the the Steps of St. Paul," reveals the change in the resources needed for the new opportunities.

freedom of the missionary movement since Paul's Changing Opportunities day. Paul was able to pass from Jerusalem to Spain without a passport, crossing no interna- Of the many changing things which I might tional boundaries on his way. Mr. Morton speaks mention, I will speak only of the changing oppor- of the contrast in his own experience, in passing tunities and resistances which are upon us and only from Antioch to Rome. ahead of us. Nobody any longer talks of the "im- In the last fifty years there has been a vast movable nations" as they were described in Rob- change for the worse in this matter of the free- ert Barr's book, "The Unchanging East." That dom and trustfulness of human intercourse. was the commonplace idea in regard to Asia fifty When I first visited Asia forty years ago it was years ago. One of the most authentic books of not necessary to get any vises on passports, and that time was "Asia and Europe," by Meredith we were not asked to show our passports more Townsend, who lived for years in India and suc- than two or three times in crossing a dozen or ceeded George Smith, Sir George Adams Smith's more nations. Now at every national boundary father, as editor of The Friend of India. Then he the barriers stand. We have lost the freedom of returned to England to succeed Richard Holt world movement of the Roman Empire, but alas, Hutton as editor of The London Spectator in the we have got back its worst political principle in days when the Spectator was one of the three most the deification of the State. Mr. Michael Williams, influential journals printed in the English lan- editor of The Commonweal, has pointed out the guage. No man was better informed regarding fact that the old concept of the "Cresar-god" is the relationships of the East and the West, and back again, with all its ominous significance as to yet the unchanging and yet constantly varying the relationship of the State to the freedom of the thesis of his book was the unchangeability of Asia.

human spirit. This problem of religious liberty Townsend held that Asiatrc races were sterile; has taken on accordingly a new aspect. I am not they had had their history. They were burnt out referring to the issue of missionary freedom, al- and no movements of living change could be gen- though that is significant enough. I am thinking erated among them. What must Mr. Townsend of those principles of religious liberty which we think as he looks down today upon the peoples of believe to be of universal validity and to enshrine Asia, representing one-half the population of the the basic rights of the human spirit. world, swung completely away from the old moor- It would be well for all of us to read some of ings, which he thought were perpetual, and that the recent books which deal with this issue, such are now adrift before mighty tempests on the vast as Christopher Dawson's "Religion in the Modern waters of time!

State" ; Adolph Keller's "Church and State in These nations have not changed more than Contemporary Europe"; William Adams Brown's some of our Western nations have changed; "Church and State in Contemporary America"; among them no change has been greater than the and Carl Heim's "The Church of Christ and the place of our own among the nations of the world.

Problems of the World Today." We have no time I remember well my first crossing of the boundary to discuss this here but it is a very different prob- between Persia and Mesopotamia, then under the lem today from what it was fifty years ago. Our rule of Turkey, just forty years ago. We were present situation is a throw back to darker days held up in the villages of Khanikin and Kasr-i- from which we had hoped we had escaped forever. Shirin by a Turkish quarantine. It was an in- Weare confronting another set of new prob- teresting place, near the old palaces of the lems in the promotional work of the missionary Khosroes. Mrs. Speer and I sat on those great enterprise at home. In one sense these problems terraces, where the marble pillars had held their are not new; they represent simply the revival of marble roofs, and recalled Browning's "Love

CHANGING AND UNCHANGING THINGS IN FOREIGN MISSIONS

Among the Ruins." When at last the quarantine India now than there were in the entire world in was lifted, for almost the only time on that trip, the year 300. There come to my mind again the we showed our passports to the Turkish officials. names of the leaders of these churches, of whom They gathered around Mr. Hawkes of Hamedan I was speaking a little while ago, men and women who had brought us to the border, and we over- who are the peers of any in our Christian heard in their discussion the words "Yangi churches in the West and with whom we rejoice Dunia." I supposed it was some barbarism for to step forth, brother clasping the hand of "Yankee Doodle" but we learned from Mr. brother, fearless amid the welcome changes of the Hawkes that they were the Turkish words for new days. "New World." The dispute was as to whether there really was any such country as the United Things That Do Not Change States of America and if so where it was and what it was. In those days the sight of the Amer- Now one rej oices to turn from these, and the ican flag was a rarity, and only once or twice in innumerable other changing things representing the waters of Asia did we see it on any American both gain and loss, to the consideration of some ship. As one goes across the world today no of the things that do not change. words can exaggerate the difference, whether it be for good or for ill, in the knowledge and in- First there is God, the same from everlasting fluence of America. to everlasting. I recall most vividly the meeting of the general War-time Commission of the To this plasticity of the fixed nations, and to Churches in Washington, during the World War. this unlimited influence of our country, one adds There were three speakers, Archbishop Soderblom the amazing change represented in the rise of of Sweden, Bishop Gore of England, and Dr. the Christian Church. There is enough to dis- Harry Emerson Fosdick of America. Who that courage us in the problems of self-support, true heard those three notable addresses could ever independence, literacy, and self-propagation, and forget them! Dr. Fosdick had just come back the true spirit of autonomy in these churches. I from France and closed his address by quoting have seen the abandoned parasite churches which the familiar hymn which was the favorite of Engdied when the subsidies failed. But these discour- lish-speaking soldiers from whatever land, "Abide agements are offset tenfold by the miraculous with me, fast falls the eventide." Standing out· growth and progress of these past years. How for the soldier most distinctly were the lines, easy it would be to recite many concrete evidences "Change and decay in all around I see; 0 Thou of the change. I know of hardly anyone more who changest not, abide with me." Thank God, dramatic than the Lushai choir. Half a century He is unchanging. ago the Lushai people lived in terror and suspicion of each other. "Chief rose against chief, village Turn back again and read sometime Bishop against village. Prisoners were taken and car- Brent's address on next to the last evening of the ried back in triumph by the conquerors who used Edinburgh Missionary Conference in 1910 on the them as serfs, or cut off their heads and put them theme "The Sufficiency of God." Time swings by on poles outside the villages. The Lushais were in its ever rolling stream, bringing its unceasing head-hunters. When they died those who had the change; but this work that we are doing, however required number of heads were allowed to enter much its form and conditions may shift from year the Lushai paradise." Today there are 300 Chris- to year, is mortised in One who changes not. tian churches among them with 50,000 members, and the Lushai choir travels all over India singing o God, the rock of ages, Gaul's "Holy City" and Handel's "Messiah" as well as they can be sung by the great choirs of Who evermore hast been, the West. What time the tempest rages, About a year ago we celebrated the jubilee of Our dwelling place serene; missions in Chosen. I was in Korea shortly after the organization of the first church in Pyengyang Before Thy first creations, and could appreciate the feelings of Dr. Samuel Moffatt who founded that church as he watched o Lord, the same as now, the jubilee procession of Christians seven miles long and could reflect that there are more Chris- To endless generations tians in Chosen today than there were in the The everlasting Thou. Roman Empire at the end of the first century. The last news bulletin of the United Lutheran This metaphor of the rock, which the Old Testa- Church called attention to the fact that according ment used with regard to God, is equally relevant to the last census there are more Christians in and came naturally to the thought of the writers of the New Testament, with regard to Jesus Christ. He is "the same yesterday, today and forever." I do not say that He must be the same to us. If He is what the New Testament repre- sents Him to be, and what we believe Him to be -the fullness of the Godhead, in whom are hid all the riches of grace and knowledge-then He cannot merely be to us the same from day to day,

but must every day be something more, as we two of the ablest Greek scholars in England, Sir grow in the knowledge of God in Him, and move Edwin Hoskyns and Noel Davey. There has been "in the unity of the faith and of the knowledge of no more thoroughgoing acceptance of the analyt- the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the ical criticism of the synoptic Gospels than this. measure of the stature of the fullness of Christ." But its conclusion is that, dissect the Gospels as We want no misunderstanding of our position; you please, you will have, when you come to your whatever the materials or the plans of our build- most destructive end, a Person from whom there ing, there is one unchanged and unchanging foun- is no escape, One who believed Himself to be God dation on which we bUild. Everything else may and whose belief His disciples shared. It is inter- shift and alter but not this. We thank God for esting to note that, in the hands of some, the Grundterg's noble Lutheran hymn: "form criticism" of the Gospels is taking this same reverse turn. It was formerly held that the evan- Built on a Rock the Church doth stand gelists had overdrawn the picture of Jesus, that Even when steeples are falling. love and devotion had read into the story what was not there. But now there are those who hold Crumbled have spires in every land that the evangelists underdrew the picture, and Bells are still pealing and calling. that Jesus, being what He was, it was inevitable that His picture should be underdrawn; th8t do Let the steeples fall if they will, and more surely their best, men could do nothing more than touch still the minarets and the pagodas and the towers, as it were but the hem of His garment. "Jesus but the great Rock Foundation stands is greater than the traditions about him," says Deissmann, and I think that we are on the thresh- Whereon our feet were set by sovereign grace, old of a day when the godlikeness of Jesus will Nor life, nor death, with all their agitation displace, perhaps overmuch, the humanitarian Shall thence remove us if we see His face. interpretations of His person. Let the interpre- tations come and go-He is what He has always One of the greatest services ever rendered by been, and we stand on His unchangeable reality, our friend Dr. William Douglass Mackenzie, who Son of God and Son of Man. belonged by birthright and conviction in this fel- lowship, was the work he did in his latest book, Onr Unchanging Faith "The Christ of the Christian Faith." In the .finality, the absoluteness, the sufficiency, the Our fourth great unchanging inheritance is our uniqueness, of this supreme Personality the mis- common catholic faith. Weare often reproached sionary enterprise believes, and here it unalter- with our divisions and disagreements but as a ably stands. matter of fact these are trivial in comparison with the broad basic unity of our common Christian Unchanging Facts of History mind. Weare often told that we shall never be able to get together in our Christian opinion and The facts of Christian history and the record that we should turn accordingly to cooperation of those facts in the Gospels also stand un- and practical service, where it is assumed that changed. We are not ignorant of, neither are we we can unite as we cannot unite in our underlying disturbed by, the historical and literary criticism convictions. "When there is a great fire," we are of the early Christian documents. What the facts told, "see how men of every opinion unite. Reliabout Jesus Christ were, they were and are. No gious and political differences are forgotten in the criticism of history can alter the facts. It can common effort to deal with the great emergency." alter the interpretation of the facts. It can cor- Nothing of the kind. The opinions that are not rect any misrepresentation of the facts. But what relevant to the emergency are temporarily held in happened happened; and we are absolutely sure abeyance, but there is no cooperation in work that that whatever changes may take place in the form does not rest upon intellectual agreement in that of the New Testament criticism will leave us with work. The fire extinguishers are united in their the fact of Christ, and the facts of Christ more opinions about the fire and the method of its exsure and certain than ever. As Harnack said, in tinguishment. And as a matter of fact the area closing his famous address on "Christianity and of our intellectual agreement in Christianity goes History," "Let the plain Bible reader continue to far beyond the measure of our practical cooperaread his Gospels as he has always read them; for tion. It was a significant thing that at the first in the end the critic cannot read them otherwise. "Faith and Order" Conference at Lausanne the What the one regards as their true gist and mean- only commission's report which could be adopted ing, the other must acknowledge to be such. . . . was the report on the common faith, a report This evangelical faith need fear no test that can which was embodied in the message of the Jerube applied to it. It can bear a strict and me- salem Missionary Council. That Council too could thodical scrutiny of the facts which form its historical foundation."

One of the most significant books of recent months is "The Riddle of the New Testament" by

CHANGING AND UNCHANGING THINGS IN FOREIGN MISSIONS

never have been united in anything except its ac- Two specially great and inspiring books that ceptance of the common Catholic faith and par- I have read recently are "The Autobiography of ticipation in the common Christian experience. Jawaharlal Nehru" and Seaver's life of "Wilson We have seen this very richly in the recent Na- of the Antarctic." Jawaharlal Nehru, now presitional Preaching Mission, where men of many dent of the India National Congress, has been for divergent denominations and dissimilar methods years one of the outstanding younger leaders on found themselves absolutely united in their proc- the Nationalist movement in India. He is the delamation of the essential Christian message. voted friend of Gandhi, though they differ almost What we need is not so much more doctrinal by the width of the world in their ideologies and agreement: it is the implementing of our exist- philosophies. He wrote his book in prison and ing agreement in the instruments of united action. the shadow of his wife's illness lies over the last pages. As a Socialist drawing near to commu- In the world at large today we face the same nism, Jawaharlal frankly repudiates all religion. situation. Whether it likes it or not, the world is It is open to question whether his methods may unified today in its economic life and in its real not frustrate the very ends which he seeks, but political self-interest. Our trouble is that we are there can be no question as to the glorious deseeking to deny facts and that we have not pro- votion of the man, his steadfastness, his patient vided, either in the League of Nations or other- endurance, his self-sacrifice, his disregard of wise, the instrumentalities through which the everything else in his loyalty to his cause. One common life of humanity can express itself and asks himself, as he lays down the book, whether fulfill its functions. Many changes are called for his Christian loyalty can match this Indian's conin the world and in the Christian Church today secration and how soon, in the Church on the misbut underlying all of these the hopeful thing is sion field and the Church at home, leadership can that we have already existent a great body of be raised up that will surpass in the Christian common faith and life extending far beyond our cause young Nehru's leadership in the cause of achieved, united and cooperative action. Indian Nationalism.

The Great Fundamental Aim and Method The other book is more wonderful still. One feels unworthy to read the story of such a life. After all, the great fundamental aim and cen- Wilson was a biologist, an artist, a naturalist, a tral method of the missionary enterprise remain physician. lIe was the doctor and the spiritual unchanged. What is that aim? It is all expressed mainspring of Scott's expedition to the South in our Lord's prayer: "Thy kingdom come, thy Pole, where he died with Scott and two other comwill be done on earth as it is in heaven." This panions as they were returning from the Pole in formula may seem to over-simplify the task. their effort to reach their base of supplies. I have What is the Kingdom of God? The phrase is used never read a life of purer inspiration. When the with half a dozen significances in the New Testa- bodies were found by the expedition that came to ment. What is the will of God? Much of our seek them two letters. were taken from Wilson's philosophy and theology reads the evil of the breast addressed to his wife. Let me read them world into the Divine Will. I do not believe that now: any sanction can be found, or any rationalization either, of sin and unrighteousness in the will of To My BELOVED WIFE: the righteous and holy God, the Father of Jesus Christ. Dishonesty, murder, adultery, rapine and Life has been a struggle for some weeks now on this lust and crime are not the will of God. return journey from the Pole-so much so that I have not been able to keep my diary going. Today may be the last But the difficulties do not touch the central effort. Birdie and I are going to try and reach the Depot simplicity. Our business is to live and work to eleven miles north of us and return to this tent where bring the life and work of the world into con- Captain Scott is lying with a frozen foot. . . . I shall formity with the pure and righteous and loving simply fall and go to sleep in the snow, and I have your will of God, as revealed in the mind of Christ. little book with me in my breast-pocket. . . . And the central motive must be what it has ever been, what it was to St. Paul: "The love of Christ Don't be unhappy-all is for the best. We are playing constraineth me." Does that love adequately con- a good part in a great scheme arranged by God himself, strain us? There was no one in st. Paul's day and all is well. • . . I am only sorry I couldn't have seen whose devotion to any master or any cause shamed your loving letters, and Mother's and Dad's and the the devotion of St. Paul to Christ. Are we sure Smiths', and all the happy news I had hoped to see-but that we should feel no shame as we set our devo- all these things are easily seen later, I expect. . . . God tion to Christ today over against the devotion of be with you-my love is as living for you as ever. men and women around about us to the causes which command their minds and wills and their I would like to have written to Mother and Dad and all utmost sacrifice? at home, but it has been impossible. We Will aU meet after death, and death has no terrors. . . . We have done what we thought was best. My own dear wife, good-bye for the present.. . I do not cease to pray for you-to the very last. . . •

To My MOST BELOVED WIFE: than our predecessors had then. The trouble is, God be with you in your trouble, dear, when I have we do not think enough on the continuity of life gone. I have written another short letter to you. . . . and time. We have too many ephemeral notions -they spring up this morning and will fade to- I leave this life in absolute faith and happy belief that night. We need to do our thinking deeper down if God wishes you to wait long without me it will be to some good purpose. All is for the best to those that love God, and oh, my Ory, we have both loved Him with all in the organic unity of the enterprise. There is our lives. All is well. . . . a bit of verse I came upon recently in a little Eng- We have struggled to the end and we have nothing to lish book, "A Cotswold Year": regret. Our whole journey record is clean, and Scott's God guard me from those thoughts diary gives the account. . . . The Barrier has beaten us Men think in the mind alone. -though we got to the Pole. He that sings a lasting song My beloved wife, these are small things, life itself is a Thinks in a marrowbone. small thing to me now, but my love for you is forever and a part of our love for God. . . . I do not cease to pray for And the moral principles abide. A New York you and to desire that you may be filled with the knowledge of His will. (Later.) God knows I am sorry to be minister in a sermon on the recent tragic experi- the cause of sorrow to anyone in the world, but every ence of the whole English-speaking race depre- one must die and at every death there must be some sor- cated the persistence of the old ethical ideas. The row. . . . All the things I had hoped to do with you after Ten Commandments, he held, were antiquated this Expedition are as nothing now, but there are greater relics of a social life lived in the desert long ago things for us to do in the world to come. . . . My only and were irrelevant in our present time. Let a regret is leaving you to struggle through your life alone, but I may be coming to you by a quicker way. I feel so word spoken by Walter Lippmann at the inauguhappy now in having got time to write to you. One of ration of President King of Amherst answer this my notes will surely reach you. Dad's little compass and poor preacher's folly: "What the world needs Mother's little comb and looking-glass are in my pocket. most of all from the colleges," said Mr. Lippmann, Your little Testament and prayer book will be in my hand or in my breast-pocket when the end comes. All is well-. "is not medicine for its pains but the maintenance So they left him there, covering the little group intact, amidst all the distractions of life, of its with a clean snow monument and setting up over standards of excellence." The mariner's comthem the simple inscription: "To STRIVE, TO pass does not change with the moral caprices of SEEK, TO FIND, AND NOT TO YIELD." For the joy men; and the spiritual principles are equally sethat was set before Him our Lord endured His cure and unshifting. It would be well if we would cross; for the love of such a Master, St. Paul set ourselves individually and collectively, to diswalked the roads of the Roman Empire, crossed cern and draw out these principles. A great deal its seas, and died outside the walls of Rome. Is of our confusion is due to our failure to apprethe unchanged motive dominant within us today, hend them. We are seeking, for example, to furor has our changeableness and vacillation held us nish leadership today for our youth movements back from the pure devotion that has been the and to see what can be done to vivify and maincentral spring of the missionary enterprise tain these movements, including the Student Volthrough the centuries? unteer Movement. Leadership will not be sup- plied to these movements from without-it must I have been reading Thomas Traherne's "Felici- spring up spontaneously from within. We need ties" with their contempt of the "Cursd and to remember, too, that the greatest spiritual lead- Devisd Properties" which robbed his eyes of ership is often the humblest and the least pubsplendor, and kept him from the glory to which licized. The things that have happened in his- God called all obedient life. Are the proprieties, tory, that we do not know about, probably outthe conventions, the accepted respectabilities, the weigh in their eternal significance the things that unbelieving naturalism, the fear of wonder and happened and that we do know about. Some auof miracle, keeping us in grooves from which we thentic unrecorded history is vastly more imporshould. break out, with self-forgetfulness, in striv- tant than some authentic recorded history, and ings and in achievings transcending the sacrifies still more important than the recorded history of nationalism and of exploration? This is the that is not authentic at all. And what is true of unchanging call. history is still more true of personalities.

Unchanging Spiritual Issues Some time ago I sent to one of our able mis- There are great spiritual principles and issues sionaries a little statement of suggested items·of that after all change little if at all. Read the missionary principle and policy, one of which.I resolutions adopted by the early Foreign Missions am afraid slipped into just the error of which I Conferences. The resolutions adopted long ago am speaking. It read, "Perhaps the largest part at tl;Ie meeting of this Conference in the rooms of of our whole problem is to find and prepare men .the Board of the Reformed Church in America and women who know what the Gospel is and who dealt with just the issues that we are facing now. are intellectually and spiritually capable of com- They show that we have no more wisdom today municating it and of doing today the work that

CHANGING AND UNCHANGING THINGS IN FOREIGN M'ISSIONS

needs to be done by great evangelists, apologists automatic self-progression of humanity. As Dr. and theologians, as well as by common men and Adolph Keller wrote recently fr:om Geneva, as he women who simply know how to love and serve." surveyed the European scene: "We are coming back to the first Christian conception of the world. The good and wise man to whom I sent the The world is not plastic material to be easily statement replied: moulded by Christian influence. There is a hos- tile demonic element. The Church has to fight Will you forgive me too if I fail to respond, as I perhaps stubbornly against principalities and powers for should, to the mention of the great names of the past as its faith and liberty, for the conversion of peoples necessarily suggesting more heroism than is evident today, and the spread of the Gospel." under conditions not so difficult in many other ways? I am sorry also to say that the really great names of the This was Paul's view. "For we wrestle," said missionary enterprise, as of any other enterprise, are never he, "not against flesh and blood, but against prinmentioned, and that makes me wince a bit at the last line cipalities, against powers, against the rulers of of your paragraph 11. I am so much of a heretic in the the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickface of present plans and propaganda that I believe that edness in high places." If any of you have lived the strength of the missionary cause is in "the common such placid lives that you do not realize this, if men and women who simply know how to love and serve." you still think that life is a bright and happy un- folding of its: own latent nature and possibilities Unfortunately, too, the solution of our personnel diffi- of good, I hope you may be spared those deep culty does not seem to lie alone, or even predominantly, tragedies through which others of us have had to along the line of preparation. This is not to discount the pass, tragedies which have taught us the truth of importance and necessity of the very finest preparation Paul's interpretation. We do believe, as the hymn available, but there is a real sense in which a preparation in our conference hymnal declares: too intense and technical and American, reaches a point of supersaturation which really unfits a person for the God is working his purpose out main essential in missionary living, which is simple- As year succeeds to year: hearted adaptability to the situation in which he finds himself. The problem of reconciling these two is a very God is working his purpose out, difficult one, and I don't think that we have reached the And the time is drawing near; solution. Nearer and nearer draws the time, The truth that we need to learn and keep ever The time that shall surely be, in mind St. Paul set forth long ago in one of his letters: When the earth shall be filled with the glory of God As the waters cover the sea. For ye see your calling, brethren, how that not many wise men after the flesh, not many mighty, not many We believe this. If Paul could believe it and noble, are called: but God hath chosen the foolish things declare it in his letter to the Philippian Christians of the world to confound the wise; and God hath chosen written from jail, from discouragement, from the weak things of the world to confound the things which loneliness, from the treachery of fellow Chrisare mighty; and base things of the world, and things tians, surely we can believe it and declare it towhich are despised, hath God chosen, yet, and things day. But the purpose will be accomplished only which are not, to bring to nought things that are. as the end of a great struggle: a struggle that cost the life of the Son of God, a struggle that is Here once again is the everlasting paradox. calling today for everything that is within us, that Who was the man who wrote these words? We is demanding of us more than all that Jawaharlal see him now not as weak and foolish but as the Nehru is giving to his Nationalism, all that Edmightiest figure in human history, next to his ward Wilson gave to Antarctic exploration, that Master. David Livingstone gave to those dark journeys which lifted the somber fringes of the night and The Nature of the Christian Life let light in upon Africa, all that Jesus Christ asked and is asking still, "If any man will come Lastly, among the unchanging things of which after me, let him deny himself and take up his I would speak there is the real nature of this life cross and follow me." This is the summons that that we are trying to live and this work that we is unchanged and unchanging. are seeking to do. It is a conflict in which we are engaged-a conflict ever changing and unchanging. We are passing beyond the easy conception of the last generation or two with regard to the We need, not simply education, but Christian education – training that issues in religious conviction and Christian personality. Our strength lies in the intelligent religious convictions of our people. In the more comprehensive sense of the term the whole problem of the church is now more clearly seen to be one of education. We have to bring every available resource to bear to make the home, the pulpit, the Sunday school, the day school, the university, the the- ological seminary, all our educational factors, efficient in carrying out the great task of train- ing men and women in Christian character. R. E. S.

American Indian and His

Native Beliefs and Customs and the Christian Missionary Motive -4£{ By ELAINE GOODALE EASTMAN Author of "Pratt: The Red Man's Moses"

THERE are undoubtedly inherent values in right in assuming that their religious associations many primitive religious beliefs., and there are not likely to alter radically "so long as the is an essential human dignity in black, brown culture pattern holds firm." Among our own and yellow men. But the recognition of these American Indians the opposite condition obtains. values has gone too far in many cases, as for ex- Nearly all of them have been compelled by circumample as regards the relatively small group of stances to turn for a living to agriculture, cattlepartially assimilated American Indians. raising or sheep-herding, modern industry or other civilized employment, and schooling has Recent writers have indulged in what may well been general in most tribes for one or two genbe termed extravagant praise of the original In- erations. dian religion and culture. Ernest Thompson Seton's "Gospel of the Red Man: An Indian The Decline of Primitive Cultures Bible," is a brief summary of the "highest and best" ethical teachings of many tribes. The au- The early missionaries, foreseeing this radical thor quotes nine passages, covering almost every shift of cultures, knew that a decay of faith and point made, from Dr. Charles A. Eastman's "Soul ritual based on war and the buffalo hunt must of the Indian" (published twenty-five years ago), inevitably follow. "So far as this tribe is con- and closes with the words: "We advocate his (the cerned," writes one who passed a lifetime among Indian's) culture as an improvement on our own." the Sioux," there never was any use of force to Having long been keenly sensible of the charm turn an Indian away from any religion or toward of the primitive, I have insisted upon the native any religion." Such men were not unwilling to virtues of the untutored Red Man in a day when admit the merits of a culture they saw as doomed. such an attitude was frowned upon as sentimen- Aware that some loss was unavoidable, they tality. Until well into the nineteen hundreds, the sought to balance the loss by greater gain, usually Indian was looked upon as a "savage" and a with marked success. "heathen"-no less! The time came when I was Although a few literal-minded officials and privileged to assist in the preparation of Dr. East- over-punctilious clergymen did try to root out man's idealization of his ancestral philosophy, as everything "native" just because it was native, filtered through a modern mind-a study of this I think this was never a typical attitude. I know subject which has perhaps never been surpassed. that missionaries made some of the finest collec- Yet the Sioux author would not go so far as to tions of aboriginal art, and in some cases built up claim, as has another college-bred Indian, that his a profitable trade in these articles for the benefit race "has contributed more ideas of freedom, of native craftsmen. The Mohonk Lodge in Oklaequality and brotherly love than Christ ever homa is an example. While encouraging the pro- dreamed of"! Nor did he ever assert with Seton duction of things beautiful and serviceable, they that theirs was "the most spiritual civilization the could not be blind to the existence of objection- world has ever seen!" If these things were true, able habits and demoralizing superstitions. Di- what had we to offer them? In defense of the vi- reet attack upon these is, however, a less effective tality and persistence of the Christian missionary method than the friendly offer of something better motive, let us set beside the misleading half- in their place. Every normal personality instinctruths of the new school of Nature-wors'hippers tively seeks it consistent, well integrated philoso- the other half of the story. phy, and the adoption, even in part, of a modern Frank G. Speck, in his book on the Naskapi, the viewpoint implies the rejection of such naive ex- "savage hunters of the Labrador peninsula," as- planations of natural phenomena as that lightning serts that long-time missionary enterprise among proceeds from the beak of an enormous bird, or this people has basically failed. They are still that disease is the work of a malicious spirit. nomadic hunters, ,and the scientist is probably Sterling traits of character, present in some de- [128 ] gree among all mankind, are by certain extremists Photo by Bureau of American Ethnology labelled typically "Indian." Actually, there is HOPI INDIAN SNAKE DANCE little reason to suppose that the ordinary Indian surpasses the common man of another race in courage, generosity, truthfulness, or any basic virtue. In any group these traits vary widely with the individual. Neither, we may assume, is he in reality more "spiritual." True, a state of chronic warfare develops aggressiveness and continual hardship teaches endurance, while such vices as theft and avarice are hardly to be looked for in a moneyless society, whose few possessions are unprotected save by public opinion. On the other hand, those who live close to the soil are constantly preoccupied with primary needs and desires. The day-by-day talk of a primitive Indian camp deals first of all with food-a material necessity; after that, with a never-ceasing flood of incredibly petty and often spiteful neighborhood gossip.

The acceptance of civilization and Christianity makes life more complicated. Along with new temptations, it presents higher standards and a far wider outlook. I am fully aware of the difficulty of making so fundamental an adaptation. I know, however, from first-hand observation, that it may be and has been achieved, in numerous cases. Doubtless the ancient mores at its best produced some fine characters-an earnest of the strength and richness of those that have been developed under Christian teaching.

Some Harmful Indian Customs munities, some attention to the laws of health and preventive medicine is required by law. Both the literary fashion of lauding pagan cults, and the activity in their behalf so recently 2. The Hopi snake dance, theoretically a prayer undertaken by the Indian Office, have put our for rain, is now a well-advertised tourist attracmissionaries more or less on the defensive. With tion. The question arises: Do religious saturnalia no desire to call in question the existence of good of a sensational character, especially after they in all religions, it may be well to specify a few begin to be exploited for money, tend to exalt huof the old-time Indian customs which the mission- man dignity? A correspondent of The Christian aries hold to be definitely opposed both to moral Century commented, a year or so ago, on a someadvance and civic progress. what similar affair staged by Southern "poor whites." "Teester's performance," he wrote, "has 1. The occult arts and weird incantations of brought on such a widespread orgy of snakethe medicine-men, who are doctors as well as handling in tent and crude tabernacle meetings priests, not only fail to cure the sick-unless to that something will have to be done about it. . . . a limited extent by hypnotic powers – but they Press and sound news reel have made capital of often spread disease among the well. For one ex- the frenzied spectacle." ample out of many, take the Reverend J. C. Morgan's description of the ye-ba-chai, sacred healing 3. Rites involving public torture and mutilation ceremony among the Navajos. Mr. Morgan is a once climaxed the Sun Dance of the Plains people. native missionary. He writes: "In this dance These were banned by the government; but it is many men take part, each wearing a snugly fitting said that in some pueblos there are still ceremonial buckskin mask. One after another wears the whippings. same mask all night long. Some have sore eyes; some have tuberculosis; the masks, become sat- 4. Belief in witchcraft is almost universal urated with breath and perspiration. I believe among primitive Indians. Some tribes execute many are infected with trachoma or tuberculosis persons suspected of being witches. or both." This dance lasts nine days and nights and costs much money. In most enlightened com- 5. Fear of "ghosts," really fear of the dead and their power to harm, is extremely common. It causes a great deal of unhappiness and leads to

lending one's wife to a visitor, will hardly be de- fended as worthy of perpetuation among United States citizens..

11. The tradition of incessant petty warfare against "enemy tribes," usually near neighbors, dominated the society of the leading Indian na- tions. No youth might honorably seek a wife until he had shed the blood of an "enemy," often that of a solitary hunter with his helpless little family. Next to taking the life of a member of another tribe, either man, woman or child, in a kind of private "war," most renown was to be won by "stealing" his horses or other property.

REV. BEN BRAVE – SIOUX INDIAN The Need for the Christian Message practices injurious to the living, such as the de- It will be said in reply that no one has proposed struction of a dwelling in which a death has oc- going to logical extremes, but merely that the curred. Extreme mourning customs, the cutting "best" of the ancestral tradition be perpetuated. of the hair and flesh, burying or giving away all This means that the much eulogized "native culpossessions, add needlessly to the pain of bereave- tures" must first be judged by wholly alien standment. ards. After the process of sifting, only a few selected items remain, and these usually among 6. It has been said in praise of the old-time the least characteristic and important. Customs Indian that "his ambition was not to possess shocking to our moral sense, such as kidnapping, wealth but to give it away." At the same time, slavery, massacre of noncombatants, torture of property must first be accumulated, before pres- prisoners and many others, though sanctioned if tige can be acquired by its distribution. Probably not enjoined by various Indian religions, are supthere was little pure altruism connected with the pressed by Seton in his "Indian Bible" as well as tradition of public giving, which was on the whole by certain spokesmen for the Indian Office. The a form of display. The leading men of some tribes widespread injury to health from the use of collected and destroyed great piles of savage peyote, and the activities of native medicine-men, wealth as the surest :r;oad to personal distinction. are glossed over or ignored. If it were actually possible to reestablish the "integrity of the old 7. The Peyote cult, borrowed from Old Mexico, order," as some enthusiasts have seemed to advocenters about the use of an intoxicating drug for- cate, we should once more have tribal leaders of bidden by the laws of several states. Missionaries the type of Geronimo, Sitting Bull, and Kicking and other close observers have invariably con- Bear – high priest of the Messiah craze. This demned it as harmful. It is tolerated, however, would be genuine "Indian leadership," promoted by the present Indian administration. by strange forms of religious excitement and find- ing vent in intertribal feuds, as well as in undying S. Religious taboos against many common hostility to the white man! foods, such as fish, or the totem animal of the individual, cause needless privation and inconven- On the other hand, our present-day Indian leadience. ers have been trained by Christian men and women to lead away from, not back to, the primi- 9. Isolation of the menstruating woman, often tive. Most of them are of mixed ancestry, and with inadequate fire and food, is a common cul- the same is true of an estimated two-thirds of the tural trait based on superstitious fear. It involves Indian population, so-called. Intermarriage, says great discomfort and probable danger to health. the Dutch scientist, Schrieke, in his book, "Alien Americans," is "America's greatest contribution" 10. Polygamy, and especially the claim of a to the solution of the Indian problem. The inman to any or all of his wife's sisters as second- evitable transition is now far advanced. Surely ary wives, regardless of their preferences, to- the future of-these aspiring contemporary Amer.igether with the custom of sexual hospitality, or cans cannot, to any significant extent, lie along aboriginal folkways? If not, the "missionary mo- tive" is still valid, and Christ not only offers an advance upon any and all native religions but a new conception of God and the way of life for man.

Christ Has Done for Untouchables*

By v. s. AZARIAH Bishop of Dornakal, India THE whole of India has been agitated by the They cannot lose government help, simply because declaration made by Dr. Ambedkar that all they change their religion. Some others say that who are known as Depressed Classes should Hindus are reforming themselves, and there is give up Hinduism and seek to join some other re- much change nowadays compared with former ligion that will give them the fullest opportunities times, and that the Depressed Classes must wait of developing themselves. Dr. Ambedkar char- in patience. Dr. Ambedkar says in reply that he acterized Hinduism as a contagion; those who has now waited for many years and nothing is wished to escape the evil effects of this contagion really done; that the nature of Hinduism is such must flee from it. that nothing much can be done within it and the fact that some people have changed does not prove Dr. Ambedkar has been in Europe, England, that his people's lot is going to be very different and America and has spent several years in those from the past. countries for advanced study. Owing to his Depressed Class origin, however, he was put to great It is not for us to say what religion Untouchinconveniences when he began work in the Baroda ables must join; and what religion will give you State and in the Bombay Presidency. He is now what you seek. We place before you what the practicing law in Bombay and is also the principal religion of Jesus Christ has done in the past for of a law college. Thousands of those hitherto your brethren who have become Christians. known as Untouchables in all parts of India have declared their willingness to follow Dr. Ambedkar We have in the Andhra Desa about a million and renounce Hinduism and join some other reli- Christians. Of these nine-tenths must be people gion. who themselves or through their forefathers were in the so-called Depressed Class groups before Hindu leaders naturally are advising the so- they became Christians. What has Christ done called Depressed Classes not to abandon Hindu- for us who are converts and your brethren? ism. Some reformers urge that Hindu temples must be open to Depressed Classes. But "ortho- 1. He has lifted us socially. We have had edudox" Hindus vehemently oppose ,this. Pious Hin- cational facilities given us by missions. Adults dus would no longer visit the temples If they were have learnt to read. Our children live, study, and polluted by Untouchables. It would be reasonable eat alongside of any who may have come into our to ask why the Depressed Classes should now in- religion from any other caste. We have risen in vade Hindu temples where they have never wor- the estimation of other castes because of our edushipped before and hurt the feelings of the devout cation and character. Our original caste and the orthodox people. Many Depressed Class leaders ca11te of our forefathers are thus being forgotten. have publicly said that they do not want this. Some of our men are occupying positions as Deputy Collectors, Tahsildars, Sub-Magistrates, Some Hindu leaders have argued that the De- Municipal Commissioners, Revenue Inspectors, pressed Class people will not gain anything by etc., throughout the Andhra Desa. Most of our giving up Hinduism, because only when they re- pastors and teachers are from our own people; main in the Hindu fold will they be entitled to and these have under their care Christian conenjoy those political privileges and government verts from all castes. There are hundreds of favors which they now get as Depressed Classes. Christian pastors and thousands of schoolmasters But Dr. Ambedkar asks: "What is the use of all over the country. Converts from the Brahmin, privileges when we are to he eternally called 'out- Kshatriya, Vaisya, and Sudra castes are taught castes,' 'untouchables' and have to live under this in Christian schools and are given religious mindisgrace?" And he is right. Moreover, he is con- istrations by converts from the Depressed Classes. vinced that the government is certainly not going These things. are not unknown to you. to do any such injustice to the Depressed Classes simply because they choose to revolt against the 2. He has raised our womanhood. The Chris- ~osition in which Hinduism has placed them. tian women stand higher than Hindus in educa- tion. In English education they stand highest of *N~~t~~~e~i~~~r distributed by the Foreign Missions Conference among Indians. Among them are found many doctors, and B.A.'s who are occupying responsible [131 ]

positions in the Andhra Desa. A few are in gov- ment in the higher things comes to us and these ernment service. These are respected by all who inevitably lead to enlightenment of mind and adknow them. Infant marriages are unknown vance in general culture. The light of Jesus among us; purdah is unknown, and this gives Christ has shone into our hearts and minds, and our women the opportunity of going on to higher is illuminating us. This may be noticed in any education and making themselves useful in public village in the Andhra Desa. life. Our home life is generally known to be pure and happy. Taken as a whole, our women and (e) Christianity has brought us fellowship and our girls enjoy life, full life and happiness, be- brotherhood. It has treated us with respect, and cause of our religious injunction-one man-one it has given us self-respect. It has never despised wife, and both equal before God. us because of our lowly origin, but on the contrary has held us as individuals who are as valuable be- 3. He has removed the customs and habUs that fore God and man as any man of any origin. We have been the causes of our past degradation. believe it has been the working out of the will of God, that probably more than seventy-five per (a) As we have already said Christian mar- cent of all the great efforts Christian missions riage law has given us happy homes. How con- have made in the past two centuries, has been for stantly, among the so-called Depressed Class peo- us, the Depressed Classes, for whom previously ple, men took liberty to give up one wife and take no one had shown any interest or care. All this another without making any provision for the has been in accord with the life and character of first wife? It was possible, too, for a man to take the Lord Jesus, who said, "I am come to seek and more than one wife. The result of this was un- save that which is lost." We, your blood and happy homes, wrecked lives, bitter tears, Quarrels, brethren, can witness to you what a blessing it and sometimes even murders. All this has now has been to be "found" of Him. changed. (f) Best of all, Christianity has given us hap- (b) The Christian religion has combated the piness and joy that can only come by the knowlcurse of drink. There is no doubt that one reason edge that God has forgiven our sins and has made for the poverty of the laboring classes is that half us His children in Christ. We consider this as the the earnings of men is usually wasted on drink. foundation cause of all that we have received Drink has also led to quarrels, riots, and court through this religion. The fact that Jesus Christ cases. Christianity has opposed this; and we can died for us makes us hate sin, and live new lives. point out many whole villages from which drink He lives now and enables us to give up our old, has altogether been driven out. This has in its bad habits and grow in newness of life. "If any turn brought prosperity. We know-we can cite man is in Christ there is a new creation," say onr names-all over the Andhra Desa, of Christians Scriptures. (who were known formerly as Depressed Classes) who have given up drink, and thus after a short All this has not been accomplished through any time have been able to payoff old debts, and a magic, or done in a day. It has been the result of little later have been known to possess bullock- years of service, patiently and with love poured carts, and earn an independent livelihood for out by thousands of consecrated Christian men and themselves. Decent houses have been built, and women, both Indian and foreign who have labored the general level of life raised, after the people to improve our lot. It has been the result of conbecame Christians. stant teaching, care, and instruction. It has been accomplished moreover, because we ourselves, (c) Christianity has made the people cleaner. freed by Christ from chains of ignorance and The Christian religion requires us all to meet in fear, have found within ourselves new courage, our churches every day, and most of all on Sun- new hope, new strength to struggle upward. It is days, together for the public worship of God. still a process going on; we are not a finished This regular worship of God has inculcated in us product (you may no doubt find many faults habits of cleanliness and self-respect. within us) but no man can deny that we are grow- ing, moving toward the goal. If you, like us, (d) Christianity has also improved our intel- should choose Christ in your momentous choice, lectual powers. The Christian religion enj oins on you will find in Him, not empty words, but ~n opall converts a certain amount of knowledge of di- portunity for an abundant life. "I am come that vine things. As soon as we are enrolled as Chris- ye might have life, and that more abundantly." tians regular instruction begins. A teacher and his wife are sent to live in our midst, and they All over India the Depressed Class people are guide us to knowledge in divine things. Our Sun- wistfully looking in every direction for a new reday worship includes instruction in religion. As ligion. The decision must be yours. What we a rule during daytime the teacher conducts a have tested and found that Christ is doing today school for our children. Men and women and for millions of your brethren, He can do for you children are thus lifted to a higher level of life; also. and by daily teaching and daily lessons, enlighten-

A Firebrand for Christ in

By the REV. J. CHRISTY WILSON, D.D.

American Mission, T abriz, Iran "I WANT to enter the school, and especially to study the New Testament, and learn more of Christ."

These were the first words of a Moslem village boy who came to the Mission School at the begin- ning of the fall term. Though he did not show much promise as a student his purpose was un- usual. In his case there was no prejudice against Christianity to break down. Somewhere he had learned to read Syriac, and the story of Jesus had captured his imagination, if not his heart.

Like many another boy in lands around this old world, he explained, "I have no money for tuition, nor even for books, but I am willing to do any kind of work."

Our drinking water was carried from a mission compound a mile or two outside the city so that his first job was to carry water in an earthen jar, like the woman of Samaria. That task led her to the well where she found Christ.

During the few busy days before the opening of school I saw much of this boy. At every meet- ing in the church or school he was present. He even appeared at teachers' meeting! A hunger to hear and learn everything he could made it un- necessary to urge him along "the flowery path of knowledge." At first he had appeared to be a very ordinary village boy but we were soon aware SAMUEL NARY – A MOSLE'M WHO FOUND CHRIST that his was no ordinary zeal for learning. He was sixteen or seventeen years old, but because from Islam, most of them develop gradually into of little previous schooling he was enrolled in the full-fledged Christians, but not so this boy. He third grade. gavehis heart all at once in full and complete sur- His name was "Seif Ali," he said, but he asked render and he was transformed. In an instant, that we enter his name as "SamueL" The reason it seemed, the village Moslem boy had passed he explained, "My name means 'The Sword of away. Before us there stood a new creation.

Ali,' who was the son-in-law of Mohammed the From that moment he became a firebrand for prophet. The name does not suit me, however. Christ.

I prefer to be called Samuel, that was the name Samuel went on with his studies and before of the boy whom God called and who later became long began bringing others to our house to talk of a great prophet." So Samuel it was. Jesus. They were for the most part common men In a Moslem country like ours, Friday is a from the bazaar, but they had been prepared for school holiday and on that morning a class of the interview. If they could read, Samuel had boys, who were interested, came by invitation to given them Christian literature and portions of study of Christ. Samuel drank it all in. Inside the New Testament. Instinctively they had real- of three weeks he was leading us in beautiful and ized that this boy's great and sincere desire was effectual prayer, and before three months he had to share with them the glorious new life he had confessed Christ. I have seen many converts found in Christ.

[133 ]

Following a shorter period of probation than you want me on your account to break a law of usual, Samuel and another boy who had accepted the school?" Christ about the same time were baptized, after being examined and accepted by the elders of the "My dear Sir," the boy responded, "I am not church. He began to wield a great influence under law; I am under grace." among the boys in the school and in the dormitory and the church. His surrender to Christ, his He continued in school through the sixth class Spirit-filled life, and his sincerity were so appar- and soon after was called by the government for ent that his faith could not be doubted. His zeal two years of military service. He went gladly to was contagious, and Christians who had grown serve in the army, saying that he had two great cold were warmed into new fervor by the fire that duties, one to serve God and the other to serve his burned in his heart. There were more than two country. He was anxious, however, to get the hundred boys in the school, many of them born patriotic duty out of the way, so he could devote and reared in Christian homes, but before the end his time more fully to what he conceived to be the of the year this' boy knew his Bible better than greater task. During his army service he conany other in the school. He seemed to have an tinually witnessed for his Master and became answer for every question in the words of Scrip- known as the most willing recruit in all his conture. It may have been that his influence had a tingent. Some years later, when another Chrisgreat deal to do with the fact that before the year tian convert boy went to serve under the same was over more than twenty of the students and hard-boiled drill sergeant and the latter saw how teachers expressed a desire to dedicate themselves gladly he obeyed even the most difficult assignto full-time Christian service. ments, he said, "What do we have here, another Samuel Naby?" At the time of his baptism Samuel asked to be called "Samuel Naby" or Samuel the Prophet. Periodically the boy in uniform came to ask for When he returned to his village his first concern Christian literature and Gospels, which he diswas ,to witness for Christ to his own relatives and tributed widely but with great care. Then no friends. There was some property of which he word would come from him for a time as he would was part owner and the members of the family be off in a distant area of the province. News took legal action to obtain his share of the prop- came from him at times and in various ways. erty on the grounds that he had become a Chris- Once two Jews walked about fifty miles to the city tian. He did not contest the action but remon- to get aNew Testament in Hebrew; they had strated with them for attempting to take away by been interested in Christ and His Way through force what he would have been willing to give the testimony of the boy doing military service them freely. His was the spirit of Him who said, in their mountain outpost. "If any man will sue thee at the law, and take away thy coat, let him have thy cloak also." One day the officer in command of his compaJjY found Samuel reading. He asked what book it The vacation period passed and the principal of was-and the boy, standing at salute replied, the school, in whose place I had been substituting for the year, returned from furlough. Samuel "The New Testament, Sir." came from the village to enter school again. He "Put that book away, you have enough to study asked if he might skip a class, and tryout in the in your guard manual," was the command. grade ahead, since he was older than the average of his classmates and had been studying in the "Sir," Samuel answered, "it is because of this summer. As reported to me the conversation was Book that I have in my hand that I stand here somewhat as follows: saluting you. Had I not learned from this Book my duty to my king and country, I should have "I shall be glad to have you enter a grade fled like many of my companions across the borahead," said the principal, "but you shall have to der to avoid military service." pass all the examinations of the class you wish to skip before you can enter the advanced grade. The officer did not answer but passed on. This is a positive rule of the school." Some ,time later the company to which Samuel "Please let me go in the higher class and try belonged was ordered to the extreme northwestern out there," Samuel replied. "Inside of a few frontier for a campaign against unruly Kurdish weeks I shall know perfectly well whether I can tribes. The going was hard and many wounded carry the work or not. If I cannot keep up you and sick were brought in to the military hospital will not need to say a word, I shall go back in the in the city where we were living. One day w·e other class of my own accord." heard that Samuel was there. I called on him. and found him as full of zeal as ever, though suf- "I should like to do it that way," the teacher fering from a severe case of pleurisy, contracted answered, "but our rules must be kept. Would from exposure and sleeping on the ground. I had taken him some books, which he began to pass on to others before I left his bedside. When my visit was about to end he shouted to all the sick

A FIREBRAND FOR CHRIST IN IRAN

and wounded men in the big ward, "Now be quiet Naby. His teacher in the training school for a minute, you fellows, this man is going to lead evangelists testified, "I have never received so us in prayer." There was absolute silence as I much spiritual help in my life as from that boy prayed-in the government military hospital. The in the three months he was with me." It will next time I came I was besieged for books and take much in sacrifice, and life itself, to found the tracts. church which God is calling out of Islam in this land, and this young friend would deem it a rare In due time the boy was well enough to return privilege to be one of the foundation stones-beto his home city to complete his military service. neath the ground if need be–in that church. When released from the army he started on a tour of near-by villages, busy at once in evangelism on The Great Teacher of us all has told us that: his own initiative. I was later told that many "Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and Christians asked themselves the question, "Must die, it abideth alone; but if it die, it bringeth we wait to be shamed by this former Moslem boy forth much fruit." In Samuel Naby I have seen before we begin to witness for Christ?" the absolute living proof that the Spirit of Christ can change, in a moment of time, an ignorant vil- Samuel expressed his desire to become an evan- lage Moslem into a radiant, powerful Christian. gelist and give all his time to that service. He wanted to be free to work anywhere that God WILLIAM CAREY'S COVENANT called him and said, for a time at least, he would like to travel like Mansur Sang, the Christian Weare thinking much of missionary methods dervish. The Mission decided that he should go in these days. Carey and his colleagues, in the histo the distant city of Isfahan to take up training toric Serampore Covenant, expressed convictions in the school for evangelists. He already had the which never grow oldprime requisites, a heart full of love, a yearning to lead people to Christ, a burning zeal, and a 1. To set an infinite value on men's souls. good knowledge of the Bible. He was, however, 2. To acquaint ourselves with the snares which anxious to get the best possible training before he took up his, life work. hold the minds of the people. 3. To abstain from whatever deepens India's On his way to the training school he stopped for a few days in our city where he spoke in prayer prejudice against the Gospel. meeting and made the prayer at the general Sun- 4. To watch for every chance of helping people. day service. Many people caught a spark of his 5. To preach "Christ crucified" as the one great fire and he was mentioned scores' of times after he had gone on his way. means of conversions.

Reaching Isfahan, Samuel plunged into his 6. To esteem and treat Indians always as our training with keen delight. He was hungry for equals. instruction and worked with a will at these lessons under a young English missionary. He still 7. To guard and build up "the hosts that may be had time, however, to work among patients in the gathered." hospital, with men in the street, in the bazaareverywhere he carried on his intensive witness for 8. To cultivate their spiritual gifts, ever press- Christ. No necessity for others to plan "field ex- ing upon them their missionary obligation perience" for him in connection with his course – since Indians only can win India for of study! Christ.

After some three months of this training he 9. To labor· unceasingly in BibHcal translation. had some trouble with his throat and it was suggested that he have his tonsils removed. He ac- 10. To be instant in the nurture of personal recepted ,the proposal gladly, and when the time ligion. came went to the operating room laughing and saying to his friends, "I'll be out in just a few 11. To give ourselves without reserve to the minutes." Chloroform was administered for the Cause of Christ, "not counting even the operation and under the anesthetic Samuel lost clothes we wear as our own." consciousness but never regained it in this life. "Brainerd in America poured out his All efforts to revive him failed. very soul before God for the people. Prayer, secret, fervent, expectant, lies at Why God called him, at what to us seemed the the root of all personal godliness. A combeginning of his wonderful ministry, we do not petent knowledge of the languages current know. From our viewpoint the three years min- where a missionary lives, a mild and winistry of our Lord would have seemed all too short. ning temper, and a heart given up to God One thing we know is that many lives were stirred – these are the attainments, which more into new consecration by the passing of Samuel than all other gifts, will fit us to become God's instruments in the great work of hu- man redemption." It is written of Carey that "his whole desire went out to meet the Will of God."

Shrines and Emperor

–<!IIi By a R",;d,nt of Japan III>– T HE tradition of the descent of the Japanese that shrine w,orship is a secular ceremony, both ruler from the Sun Goddess has seen a strong scholars and the general Japanese and K'Orean r·evival during recent years. Ten or fifteen public look upon such acts as religious. The leadyears ag,o liberal Japanese leaders were inclined ers of the present reactionary movement (the to interpret this traditiDn as meaning only that Fundamentalists of Shinto) have succeeded in the line of EmperDrs, to quote the constituti,on, demonstrating that the act of paying reverence at "is coeval with Heaven and earth," leaving the a national shrine is an act of worship. The leadattendant mythology to fade into the background. ing authorities ,on National Shinto are c'Oming to Others even pr,ofessed to hope that Japan would devel,oP into a constitutional monarchy of the the position that the national cult is a religion. * British type. All 'Of this has a vital relationship to Christian Today, however, no 'One dares to express such education in Japan because the larger percentage opinions 'Openly. The world "Emper,or" and pro- of the students in all ,of the missiDn schools (exnouns applied to Him must be capitalized when cept the theol'Ogical seminaries) are n'On-Chriswritten in Western languages. The Japanese tians, and parents and guardians are consequently SChODl books state, "We Japanese lODk up to our non-Christian and very susceptible to influences Emperor as to a God," and "The Japanese Em- surrounding them. Non-Christian alumni and peror is divine." Last year the word used in offi- parents, s,ometimes instigated by pr,ofessiDnal "pacial documents for "Emper,or" was chang·ed from triDts," have demanded that the schools "clarify kotei (the general term for emperor) to Tenno, the national polity" by speaking 'Out clearly CJnor "Heaven-ruler." The Japanese are quite con- cerning the divine nature ,of the Emperor and the cerned because the Eur,opean word "emperor" is Sun Goddes·s. used with r·eference to the emperor of India and the emperor 'Of the Roman Empire, so that SDme This present-day interpretation of Japanese call their ruler Tenno even when speaking a fDr- nationalism forces several serious pr,oblems ,on eign language, and refer to Japan as a Tennocracy the attention ,of Christian schools in Japan, rather than an empire. It is forbidden to refer to Chosen and Form'Osa. the Emper,oras a man even in praise, and mDst Western j'Ournalists adopt the policy ,of referring 1. The moral basis ,of Japanese education is laid to His Majesty as seldom as possible in order to in the "imperial Rescript" on education, drawn avoid giving ,offense. They dare not ever refer up by the Department ,of Education in 1890 and to the Emperor Meiji as a "truly great man." issued under the name and seal of the Emperor Japanese express amazement that Christians Meiji to offset the flood of Western ideas. The should be S,o fD'Olish as to believe that one person Department of Education ordered that it should (Jesus) might be both human and divine. be read, with appropriate ceremony, 'On stated 'Oc- casions in all the schools. Recently another movement has revealed an unmistakable demand that loyalty to the present Within the past ten years, the Rescript has been Empel'or shall be equal to the loyalty to the Sun exalted n'Ot only as the basis 'Of Japanese educa- Goddess, and that the test 'Of national lDyalty is tion but as the Apostles Creed ,of the Imperial the worship 'Of the "Ancestress 'Of the Imperial Cult. The Rescript itself is held to be without line." Some years ago many scholars interpreted err,or and beyond criticism. Its morality is C,onthe Sun Goddess merely as a personification of fucian but it clearly states the divine ancestry 'Of one 'Of the tribes which invaded Japan in prehis- the Emperor. This element has caused it to be toric times. Today loyal subjects of the Emper'Or esteemed highly by those wh,o wDuld stem the tide· must accept the Sun Goddess myth just as it of present-day _Western doctrines. In recent stands. months all schools have been f'Orced to lay more emphasis upon this liturgy-the method 'Of read- In Korea most 'Of the shrines are dedicated to ing, the white gloves 'Of the reader and the bowing in reverence. In most Christian schools these the Sun Goddess, whereas in Japan most are dedicated to Japanese herDes. Japanese officials say • See article by D. C. Holton in the Japan Ohristian Year Book f~~ ~;i~6 q~Oe~tton~ummary of present-day scholarly opinion concern- [ 136] ceremonies are acc.ompanied by hymns, Scripture tion." Christians never know how the Rescri.pt reading, prayers and a short explanation .of the will be interpreted next. meaning .of the cerem.ony, but it is doubtful whether this can long continue since it is looked A few years ago when the service of a certain upon ,as an opportunity to teach the Christian d.oc- church was being broadcast at Christma's time the trine of God and to inculcate a Christian attitude phrase, "Lord save the Emperor," caused the of l.oyalty to the State. church such difficulty that a revision of the prayer book was necessary. The phr&se "King of kings In N.ovember, 1936, the Department .of Edu- and Lord ,of lords" was indicated as unacceptable cation required all schools to present copies of the for Christian worship. Recently Paul Kanamori's program used at the Rescript ceremony, and to "The W,ay to Faith," was withdrawn from cirexplain the nature,Qf the care taken of the sacred culation because of its monotheistic arguments. d,Qcument. The public press has also criticized the Christian doctrine of the Kingdom of God because its basic 2. In Japan most Christian schools accept the virtue of love is contrary to loyalty, the basic virstatement of the Government that the ceremonies tue of the J.apanese Empire. Hymns used in at the shrines are nonreligious and permit their Christian services (both English and Japanese students to go there to pay respect. These Chris- translations) might be oonstrued as treasonable. tian schools have not adopted the custom of volun- Opponents of Christianity are looking for the tarily, but thr.ough social pressure or demands slightest deviations from the present interpretafl'om patrons. In some Christian schools attend- tion of national loyalty. Christi.ans are concerned ance at the shrines is optional; in others the en- lest they should be forced to ,teach dogmas which tire student b,Qdy is taken under the direction of run counter to fundamental Christian principles. the military officers to pay reverence. In one boy's school the military officer invariably chooses Japanese Christians are concerned about these a Sunday to take the students to the shrine. In problems, but their concern is modified by two or T,Qkyo and vicinity the authorities are more three modifying factors. lenient than in other districts, a proof of the truth of the Japanese proverb that "The foot of the 1. The J,apanese Christians feel that officials lighthouse is in darkness." charged with the enforcement .of the law are friendly. All of the leaders .of the missi.on schools 3. The Japanese consider it a great honor for who have been called to confer with the officials a school to receive a Portrait of the Emperor. of the Department of Educati,Qn have been treated The Portrait must be kept in a fireproof safe with great oonsideration, and the men in charge when not in use; a teacher must sleep each night seek to make everything as easy as possible f.or in the same room ready to protect the sacred the sch.ools and churches to abide within the law Portrait with his life; acts of reverence must be without offense to conscience. The officials themmade when passing the Portrait or the container selves are being pres'sed by the Shinto Fundamen- ,of it, and the Portrait is on display only on the talists into a positi.on which they would not take ceremonial occasi,Qns when the Imperial Rescript if left to themselves. They are willing to make is read. Most Christian schools have avoided re- almost any compr,Qmise to avoid a public scene ceiving the Portrait by pleading that they had no that might involve them in lese majesty. These suitable pJ,ace in which to keep It. In the autumn men who are enforcing the law are not followers of 1936 all Christian higher schools were called of any particular religion. They are atheists or to the Department .of Educati.on to explain if they agnostics. The men .of the Meiji Restoration, who had a copy of the Portrait, and if not why not, devised the present cult of National Shinto, were and .if so, how It was treated. Leaders of the Na- rationalists and ,&theists. The J.apanese Christional Chdstian Education Ass.ociation advised all tians, therefore, conf.orm to many ceremonies Christian schools to apply f.or the best.owal of the without scruples, which would be impossible to a Portrait. Officials of the Department .of Educa- people (such as the Koreans) who do not have tion have recently advised Christian schools that this historical understanding. The men in charge a chapel, having symbols of the w.orship of the .of enf,Qrcing the law realize the necessity of not Christian God, was not an appr.opriate place for violating the constitutions guarantee of freed.om the display ,of the Portrait. .of religi.on, and will not force an issue which will antagonize the strong theistic sects of Buddhism, 5. In recent years the Government has been as well &s the Christian churches. emphasizing the importance of religious education in schools. A distincti'on is made between culti- 2. The Japanese Christians bend but do not vating the spirit .of religion in the pupils and break easily. Historically the cult of Shinto was teaching the doctrines of any ,specified religion. not intended to be religious, and many believe that The Government memorandum stated explicitly when this present tension has passed the .original that "n.o religious teaching will be permitted that purpose of the founders of the constituti.on will runs contmry to the Imperial Rescript on Educa- be maintained. Therefore, if the Government

will consistently maintain that the shrines are gone through controversies with the Government nonreligious and that reverence paid there is an in the past with credit and if they cannot find a act .of I.oy.alty and not .of religi.ous worship, they way out of this present crisis, they are ready to will foll.ow. Meanwhile they insist upon the re- pay the price in persecuti.on. form of Shinto and the removal of religions elements from shrines. Christians in Japan are fear- Finally, Japanese Chdstians are unwilling to ing a new era .of persecution, but d.o n.ot wish to create an issue out of what really seems to many precipitate it. a min.or matter, f.or they realize that far more important issues are in the air. 3. One question involved is, What does the Government mean by the words used for "God" for 1. A definite and well-directed anti-Christian "worship," for "divine"? It was unt:ortunate that m.ovement is .on foot in Japan, the extent of which the word adopted for "God" (kami) in Japan is is being revealed. The Government and the offithe same as that used for the Shinto divinities, cials ,are generally on the side .of the Christians, who are spirits of nature and deceased nati.onal seeking to avoid any overt act that would precipiheroes. The significance of the w.ord is little more tate a crisis. Ina certain city the l.ocal authorithan "eXialted being." Many Protestant Chris- ties recently issued orders that every house should tians refer to God by the term "Heavenly Father," erect a Shinto god-shelf. In another city placards .others ,always qualify the w.ord kami by phrases denouncing Chdstianity as a disl.oyal sect apasserting the uniqueness, the eternity and the fa- peared .on the streets one morning. In these plactherhood .of the Christian God. Although the ards the situation was analyzed so clearly that Shinto FundamentaHsts, ,and many .of the common it made one feel that, if a concerted effort were people, may think .of the Sun Goddess .or of Im- made by the enemies of the Gospel, there would perial Ancestors as possessing attributes of deity, be little difficulty in persuading the nonthinking the Christians know that the ideas differ greatly populace that Christianity is a traitorous religion. from the ideas which ,the Christians hold concern- At least many of its fundamental concepts run ing the Heavenly Father. Unfortunately, owing directly contmry to the stream of nati.onalistic to the hysterical state .of many "patri.otic" leaders, thought current in Japan at present. Certain it is impossible to air the differences involved, but hymns, certain secti.ons from St. Paul's Epistles, the Christians are thinking things through and from the Prophets, from the Book .of Revelati.on, discussing them in small groups. and from the Westminster Gonfes,sion, if pub- lished .on billboards, would precipitate trouble. Worship is paid by people to the spirit of a The situation is, as the Japanese would say, "delifaithful dog, whose statue stands at the railway cate." station where he awaited the return .of his dead master. Buddhi,st mas,ses are regularly held for 2. Another 'element of danger lies in the milithe spirits .of needles broken while sewing, and tary faction which use,s the Shinto reactionaries for ,the spirits of broken dolls. B.owing the head and Loyalists to further its policies of nationalistic is not reserved for what Westerners term "reli- expansion. This is.a subject concerning which it gi.ous" occ'll;sions. The sentiment .of awe at the is not prudent to write. There is clearly a rift center .of the Japanese idea of w.orship enters into between the civil ,authorities and the military. We many social conventions and habits. It is P.ossible are told that soldiers attempted to prevent the f.or Christians therefore to b.oW at shrines, even reentry of Dr. Kagawa, who was forced to appeal though thes~ same shrines may be used by .others to the governor of the prefecture before he could for religious purposes. It means little more to enter Kobe. them than taking off our hats at that same shrine would mean to us. The military authorities today are acting as if another war were imminent, and they look upon But many Japanese Christians will n.ot g.o vol- missionaries as enemies of their country, because untarily to the shrines or, adopt these methods .of they are foreigners; they look upon Japanese showing their loyalty. Well-known Christians are Christians as semitraitors because of their connot afraid to state that they or the'ir children d.o necti.on with the missions and because of the libnot worship at the shrines. If an issue is pressed, eral political and social ideas held by many Chrish.owever, they W.ould conf.orm rather than precipi- tian leaders. These things have had the effect of tate a crisis which might be far-reaching. drawing the Japanese Christians closer to the' missionaries, for in the event of a crisis both When such vague notions are common in Japan would suffer equally. regarding the meaning of "God," "worship," and "spirit," many missionaries feel that it is better The situation in Japan is more serious than that to leave the distinguishing .of the things that involved in the Shrine problem. Japanese Chrisdiffer to Japanese Christians. They are men and tians are seeking to avoid any open break with w.omen of a high .order .of intelligence, they have the authorities which would give additional oc- casion for their enemies to attack them.

Nagao-a Japanese Christian

By the REV. WILLIAM AXLING, Tokyo, Japan American Baptist Foreign Mission Society; Author of the "Life of Kagawa"

HAMPEl NAGAO was one of Japan's front- young Mr. Nagao has forged his way to the front line Christian leaders. While a student in and has become a conspicuous figure in the na- Tokyo he enlisted in the Christian life and tional life of Japan. On the staff of the Colonial this step ushered him into an entirely new world. Administration of Formosa, as Japan's represen- Everything he saw, the sky, the sea, the moun- tative on the International Railway Commission tains, the trees, the flowers, spoke to him about his in Siberia during the World War, as Chief of the new-found God, as revealed in Christ, a God who Southern Division of the Imperial Government is not only great and powerful but his Father, his Railways, as Head of the Municipal Street Car Friend. System of Tokyo and as a member of Parliament With unspeakable eagerness he looked forward he has rendered a significant service.

to the summer vacation when he would return to Through it all he has stood s.taunch as a Chrishis country village and share this new experience tian. Again and again he paid a big price for his with his parents, his brothers and his sisters. Christian conviction. He lost his seat in Parlia- Slow-footed summer ~rrived at last and hurriedly ment because the liquor interests combined he started for home. In his letters he had at- against him. But he lost it with a smile, saying tempted to prepare the way so that his family that his Christian principles were far more knew that he had become a Christian. precious to him than the coveted seat in Parlia- When he reached his village and opened the ment.

door of his home, the family rushed forth to greet Although constantly carrying heavy official re- him. All but his father. He was not to be seen. sponsibilities he was never too busy to respond to This seemed to augur ill. The father sent word a call for Christian service. For over twenty demanding that he must renounce his new-found years he was a trustee of the Tokyo City Y. M.

Christian faith before he would be received. C. A. and for a part of that time served as Chair- Worse still the father refused to allow the son to man. He was one of the organizers and a trustee cross his threshold. This was like a blow in the of Tokyo Woman's Christian College.

face. All the happy anticipations. of his home He was a flaming crusader in the temperance coming were shattered and he stood stunned. cause and a passionate advocate of church union.

The lad's reply was that he would do anything In these two fields his contribution was unique.

within his power to please his father but he could He was one of the prime movers in the movement not give up his faith in Christ. The father in which enabled the Christian Literature Society turn sent word that he was then no longer a son and the American Bible Society to secure their and this was no longer his home. Members of the present quarters. He passed into the life beyond family interceded, but the father's only reply was a few months ago and now that he is gone, the that the son had brought such dark disgrace upon battIe for everything that is Christian and good, him and the home that he was strongly tempted to will be lonelier and more difficult. atone for the son's sins by committing "harakiri" When Mr. Nagao died thousands of people in true traditional Japanese fashion. gathered to pay their respects in one of the With the tears streaming down his face Nagao largest auditoriums in Tokyo. Ministers of state, took his New Testament and, with a prayer, laid ex-ministers .and members of Parliament paid it on the threshold, sending word to his father, high tribute to his life and Christian influence.

asking him to read that book and judge for him- One other word of thanksgiving must be added: self whether Christianity was the evil religion His father read the New Testament which his which he supposed it to be. Then bidding good- sort left on the doorstep that fateful summer eve- bye to the members of the family and sending his ning and too found it to be Good News. He belove to his father, the boy turned away, weary in came an earnest Christian and the whole family body and broken in spirit, to retrace the long, long found their way into the new life in Christ. Even- miles back to Tokyo. tually the son was welcomed back into the home This happened fifty years ago. Since that time from which he had been banished.

[139 ]

Missionary Motives*

By the REV. w. B. ANDERSON, D.D., LL.D., Philadelphia, Pa.

Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the United Presbyterian Church A WIDELY read book on missions, recently or of Robert Hockman of Ethiopia. They do not published, makes an astonishing statement sound familiar to those accustomed to listening of its authors' conception of foreign mis- to the missionary purpose as stated simply and sionary motives. They are attempting to state earnestly in gatherings of students, or from mis- why, in their opinion, men and women have be- sionary platforms, or read in mission offices. This come foreign missionaries. Summed up briefly, analysis of foreign missionary purpose looks their motives are as follows: . somewhat unattractive, and does not promise en- (1) The ardent desire of all religions to com- during energy and vital strength. municate what is spiritually valuable or of su- Fortunately we are not left to speculation at preme importance or unique (found particularly this point, but can determine the actual facts, in the followers of Buddha, Jesus and Moham- since each candidate for missionary appointment is always asked to state clearly his or her motive med). (2) Conviction as to the greater need of those for seeking appointment to foreign missionary service. The reply is personal and confidential. in the Orient. (3) Hopes of a greater return for given evan- Since the beginning of the foreign missionary work of the United Presbyterian Church, 761 misgelistic effort.

(4) The danger that those unevangelized would sionaries have been appointed. We have studied records showing the dominating motive of 308 go to eternal death. men and women in seeking appointment and these (5) The vision of a world-wide Church. include those enlisting over a period of the past (6) The desire for world unity. (7) A subconscious impulse to achieve one's 50 years.

growth through giving to others. The documents of the group were examined, This seems to be their analysis of the foreign and records made, some years ago. In many cases missionary purpose into its contributing personal statements contained more than one motive, but motives. an attempt has been made to select the predom- inant motive. No statement has been omitted be- A high school girl came into the laboratory cause the meaning of a writer was obscure or where the teacher in biology had spread out upon might be misunderstood. The dominant motive a tray the various parts of a flower. When asked that contributed to the missionary purpose of each if she could believe that this was a morning glory, individual is placed in a group, with the number she replied that she did not think that it was a given to those stating the same motive: morning glory, but only the stuff of which a morning glory was made, "For," she said, "life must Obedience to Christ ………………………… 58 bind all this together into a flower; and really the Appeal of the need ………………………… 52 life is the flower, is it not?" To lead others to Christ …………………….. 36 Love for Christ …•………………………… 34 These motives seem to me to lack something Desire to serve ……………………………. 17 that is found in the missionary purpose as I have To preach the Gospel ………………………. 16 To make the best investment of life …………… 15 known it in students and in missionaries. These To serve with her husband ………………….. 1~ motives, and others, may be variously combined To respond to a definite call to serve abroad ……. 12 in certain individuals, but a true Christian mis- Enlisted through -the influence of others ……….. 11 sionary purpose must have something that is not To advance Christ's kingdom ………………… 1 For God's glory …………………………… 1 present here. To promote Christian civilization ……………… 1 These motives in any combination seem to lack something vital found in the purpose of Jesus Not one of these candidates for foreign mis- Christ, or of the Apostle Paul, or of Livingstone, sionary appointment failed to recognize his faith * Condensed from The United Presbyterian (December 3, 1936). in Jesus Christ, the incarnate Son of God, and [ 140 ] loyalty to Him as personal Saviour and Lord of groups, moved by the passion of love for Christ his life. Whatever motives may have entered into and loyalty to Him, going out at any cost to lay the decision, it was this vital essence of Chris- down their lives in service for their fellowmen. tianity that bound them together into an indomitable purpose. Without this faith and loyalty, The only true Christian foreign missionary purthere can be no Christian mission any more than pose that can be found outside books, and that is there can be a morning glory composed of its effectively operative in the world today, is the parts without the vital spark of life which is the purpose derived from love for the risen Christ morning glory. and 10Yfl.1 obedience to Him. Because this purpose is inherent in His life, and has been imparted to This study of the subject of foreign missionary His followers, this purpose cannot cease. The motives is confined to the missionaries of one de- only Christian missionary purpose springs from nomination, but for us its conclusions should be motives that are stirred by personal love for, and reassuring as we face new opportunities for ad- loyalty to, Christ who is a living, ever-present, vance, knowing that there is no hope for true ad- ever-ruling Saviour and Lord. When this purvance and permanent results apart from the pose, springing from this love and loyalty, has eternal Gospel of the Son of God, and personal been fixed in the life of every Christian, those loyalty and obedience to Him. who go and those who stay, nothing can stop the accomplishment of the Church's mission in the I have had the opportunity of knowing many world; but merely human "religious" motives missionaries of other churches during my years of and purposes, however powerful, will always conservice abroad and at home. With them I may tinue to fail. have differed in race, nationality, social background, degree of education, creedal statement, Three years ago a group of college students definition of theological terms, form of church were discussing how the students on the campus government, or missionary methods, but with the could be interested in foreign missions. After exception of two or three such missionaries, every several had been heard, one of the leading men of one I have known personally, in his own statement the college arose and said that it was his convicof the creed has been a professing believer in the tion that the only way in which men and women one vital essence of the Christian faith. could be effectively enlisted in the foreign mission- ary enterprise was by causing them so to know The attempt being made today to rationalize Christ that they would in personal devotion to Christianity, by eliminating the miraculous Him submit their lives entirely to Him. Then he through the denial of Jesus Christ as God mani- made a statement of his own experience. This is fest in the flesh, is not some new thing that may not an ancient pronouncement, but it is made by destroy the Church. Agnosticism began this at- .a Christian student leader of today. The modern tempt in the first century, and under some form" missionary motive is devotion and obedience to human pride has ever continued this attempt. God in Christ, incarnate, crucified, risen and pres- Since the beginning of its history, the Church has ent in His people now. We thank God that in the had within it a group, or groups, of those deter", Church throughout the world the trend of convicmined to eliminate the miraculous from its teach:'. tion and faith seems to be strongly back to the ings by discounting the deity of Christ. The con: child-like faith in Him which is the door to the cern of such groups has ever been to secure for Kingdom of God, and to the simple devotion and the Church a place of esteem among human insti- obedience to Him which alone can ever inspire the tutions, and to escape from the "offense of the Church to evangelize the world. cross." But we do not find any record of such One of my classmates in the university was surpJ;'ised that I, whdihad taken an engineering course along with him, should set my face toward the mission field; Many unfamiliar with mission work think it is a far step from studies in electricity and mechanics to carrying the Gospel to the lost ones in Africa; but I would not trade jobs with any man. I have'seen automobiles, bicycles, and all sorts of machines broken, abused, and cast aside as worthless, brought to our shop. Old parts were taken out, new parts put in; and they were again put out on the job for which they were originally intended. With the repair of most of these I have had some responsibility. I have also seen men broken, abused and cast aside as worthless, led to Him who is able to do all these things well. In His hands they have been cleaned up, remade, old things have been cast away, all things had been made new, and they too have been sent out to do the service for which they were originally intended – for the praise of God as witnesses to His great Love. – EDWIN COZZENS, Cameroun, West Africa, in the Drum Call.

for the World We

By the REV. JOSEPH A. VANCE, D.D., . Detroit, Michigan ~..- Pastor 'of the First Presbyterian Church and former Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

EVERY reverent and persistent student of the whom the whole modern world has gotten in the New Testament is impressed with its mar- Mosaic Law its moral backbone; in Greek, the velous inexhaustibility. As the late Bishop language of universal culture and philosophical .H. C. G. Moule, of Durham, wrote with his un- conquest; and in Latin, the language of universal .usual spiritual insight and experience, "After rule of the world-conquering Roman. Through fifty years of study, each fresh effort and difficulty the centuries since, Jesus has been turning this lays open to me something that adds to the com- unconscious prophecy of Pilate into history, and pleteness of the apostolic record." fulfilling His own promise, "And I, if I be lifted As one goes digging deeper and deeper for this up, will draw all men unto me." surprising treasure, he is made increasingly aware This amazing universality of Jesus embraces that it comes, in one way or an- four elements: other, from ,the person of Jesus 1. He breaks down all race Christ. He discovers that here barriers. The mother of Jesus is the life story, not of a mere was a Jewish girl. So far as provincial Jew, but of a more we know, he was never outside than cosmopolitan, eve n a the little land of Palestine. All .world citizen, who takes on of his recorded literary quota- himself the title, "Son of tions are from the He or e w Man." In this oompact life Scriptures, but the little village story of Jesus of Nazareth, we of Nazareth, where he grew come on ,the vast reaches of up, was at the crossroads of universality. Born of a Jewish the world, and its people be- mother, here is one Man who came the world-bridge that puts racial prejudices under mediated between the old and his feet, and brothers human- new worlds in civilization, and ity. Cradled in David's little especially in religion. So here town of Bethlehem we see a He had many a vision that pre- .Babe over whose birth :the pared him to brother men of 'angels proclaim a promise of every race and to disciple the universal peace and world-en- world for citizenship in His compassing good will. Kingdom.

In His career as a Teacher, 2. In the second place, Jesus Jesus not only wins a unique bridges the world's soc i a 1 place among his own people, REV. JOSEPH A, VANCE, D.D. chasms. He is no high-caste but sends his followers on a Brahmin or Nordic egotist. He campaign to win .all men of every nation to His is far more ,than an Occidental democrat. He , discipleship. neither denounces a man because he is an aristo- When sharp antagonisms bred a hatred that crat nor cold.,shoulders him because he is a social :,sent Him to the cross, a cynical oflicial nailed over outcast. He asks a cup of water from one and ' the victim's head, "Jesus of Nazareth, the King goes to dine with the other.

of the Jews"; .but even in attempting to pro- Jesus Christ has kept this spirit alive down the . vincialize the victim and ,humiliate those who vic- centuries. The uneducated ,toiler, and even the out- ., timlzed him, the Roman officiill became a prophet caste gone tothe gutter, is as sure of His sympathy : of his victim's world-wide mission, for he wrote and help as is the honest and cultured. He broth- , the inscription in three languages ~ in Hebrew, ers the streetsweeper and the premier of state, : !he tongue of the great religious specialist, from and brings them together in a bedside prayer.

[142 ] 3. The third of these universal qualities is His Thou hast no power, nor mayest conceive of mine, agelessness. Jesus is as much at home in the But love I gave thee with Myself to love, twentieth century as in the first. The world out- And thou must love Me, who hast died for thee. grows Plato and Aristotle, even Mohammed and Confucius, but it is never able to outgrow Jesus. Down the ages his followers have marched, We can picture Him as easily in a dress suit at a thrilling to its music by an unknown monk of the dinner party today as we can see Him dining at Middle Ages, singing: Bethany with Lazarus. His figures of speech are as eloquent in our day of airplanes and stream- Fairest Lord Jesus, Ruler. of all nature, lined cars as among the boats and nets of Galilee's fisher-folk. o thou of God and man the Son!

4. His universality even stands the test of sex; Thee will I cherish, thee will I honor, and how amazing that is, few fully realize, even Thou my soul's glory, joy and crown. in our day of open doors for women. The ordinary man takes on womanly qualities at the ex- And an Oxford student also turned evangelist pense of his personal force, and the average with his immortalwoman pays with her charm for her approach to masculinity. But Jesus is history's unique blend Jesus, lover of my soul, of virility and tenderness. He blazes with wrath Let me to thy bosom fly. in the face of hypocrisy and injustice, but outwomans a mother in dealing with quarrelsome What place can this Prince of Peace find in this brothers or a wayward girl; His compassion for confused, cynical, warring world of today? the down and outs has sent His followers on a new religious crusade for social justice. Probably now is the greatest chance to redeem it that He has had in all the world's history. What is the secret, from the human side, of this Through sheer disappointment elsewhere, and amazing catholicity of Jesus Christ? Is it not to tragic despair as it slips into the maw of self-debe found in the fact that He ministers to those struction, the hour has sounded for the Galilean. needs of the human race that are essential and universal and ageless? He breaks through the Never perhaps in the world's history has the strange speech and the local color and the ephem- human race been so earnestly seeking peace, and eral external, and meets the needs of men, not as never has the world witnessed the creation of Jews or Gentiles, not as slaves or freemen, not as more orderly and seemingly adequate machinery ancient or modern, not as male or female, but as to create and maintain it. The world is deluged human beings. with unanswerable arguments for peace and for the futility and folly of war. Not only has prac- Every man, for example, is a sinner, and Jesus' tically every type of religious organization, J ew~ great mission is to save people from their sins. ish, Catholic and Protestant, declared war to be wicked and contrary to their essential tenets, but Every man has darkened and unworthy concep- pacifist organizations have multiplied. The signations of God. Jesus is "the express image" of tories of the Kellogg Peace Pact have pledged God's person, and. "the exceeding brightness of themselves not to resort to aggressive war, and the Father's glory." the World Court waits to settle all international disputes amicably. But despite these and the Every man is more or less enslaved to ignorance League of Nations, the nations of the world are and the indulgence of his lower appetites, and racing to out arm for possible war against each comes, sooner or later to face his inadequate other on land and sea and in the air. Italy has equipment for the moral struggle. Jesus brings defied the rest of the world to make military conto both individual and the race, power to win out, quest of Ethiopia, and the whole world seems to and to turn life from tragedy to victory. be slipping into the abyss of war.

Then, as a climax to it all, we come on the uni- Who can exorcise this bloody demon and loosen versality of the language in which Jesus makes his grip on the sons of men? His appeal. By way of His cross He revealed the universal language of love. "And I, if I be lifted Our only hope of universal peace is in men's up, will draw all men unto myself." "This he full allegiance to the universal Christ. said," adds the apostle John, "signifying by what death he should die." Anyone can understand Weare accustomed to find the essential causes that language: "He died for me." No mind is of war in commercial rivalry, class inequalities, too stupid and ignorant to feel the love back of racial antipathies the ambition of political leadthat sacrifice; no genius is so brilliant as to de- ers, the sordid greed that will plot wholesale spise it. murder in order to sell munitions. But underlying all of these is that something in the human soul o heart I made, a heart beats here! that thrills to the call of war and irresistibly rushes to its appeal. Face my hands fashioned, see it in myself! The universal Christ binds His followers in a brotherhood that abolishes racial hatreds and bridges social chasms, that links the men of all ages in ties of love and abolishes even the limita- tions of sex.

But Christ does far more: He enrolls the nat- SIR FREDERICK AND MRS. N I CHOLSON ural fighting spirit on the side of truth and human brotherhood. He furnishes an "equivalent After being graduated from Oxford, Frederick for war" in clothing His followers in the armor of righteousness and rallies them to "fight the good Nicholson went to India as a young, untried offifight of faith." He not only furls the black flags of piracy and the red flags of class hatred, but He cial from a Christian home. He was soon proranges over egotistic nationalism the Cross-emblazoned banner of sacrificial service. moted and became collector of a great district.

Raymond Guthrie confesses that he loves war There he found his wife, a lovely daughter of a because he finds in it all the things that are denied him in peace time; because it offers him missionary of the Church of England. It was my association with a great number of men in a common cause; it gives him a chance to put forth his good fortune to meet them as a young missionary, effort in a cause greater than his own personal concerns; it thrills him with a sense of its eco- escaping from the heat of Madras to the hilltop of nomic equality and its spirit of adventure. Yercaud. Their friendship for a young Amer- Ninety-five thousand people will throng to spend over a million dollars to see two pugilists batter ican girl, far from home, made life different for each other. The average man loves a fight, and if he cannot fight himself, he gets his delight the five following years of missionary service. vicariously from seeing others fight. Many beautiful surprises included frequent visits Life fascinates us only when it has some element of struggle and adventure, some cause for and aid for the mission work in Madras. In sickwhich to suffer, something for which one is willing to die. ness and sorrow Sir Frederick and Lady Nichol- Christ sublimates this fighting spirit, robs it of son were always helpful. He was deeply interits appeal to baser instincts, and sets to martial music the tramp of a holy army marching to uni- ested in developing industries for the Indians and versal philanthropy. Christianity calls to a world war against every evil demon within and without. discovered a very fine grade of clay with which "We wrestle, not against flesh and blood, but he started a pottery. This he gave to the mission against principalities and powers, against spiritual wickedness in high places." We thrill to the station to use for their Christian people who were call to put on the whole armor of God, and life's greatest adventure comes to us as we "fight the often thrown out of their homes after conversion. good fight of faith." Memories of fifty years of friendship linger to Kellogg pacts will continue to be but scraps of paper, and even World Courts and Leagues of this day. Sir Frederick rose to become a mem- Nations will prove vain attempts to promote world peace until we learn to sit at the feet of ber of the Viceroy's staff, and was knighted by Him who is both Son of Man and Son of God and find the Captain of our salvation in the Prince of the British Government. He was the man who Peace. developed the Agricultural Banks which have been The Son of God goes forth to war A Kingly crown to gain. such a blessing to India-and might offer a sug- His blood-red banner streams afar; gestion to progressive America. He also initiated Who . follows in his train? the plan for fisheries, and after visiting notable CHRISTIAN SERVICE IN CIVIL SERVICE examples in Europe, spent a summer in America In the passing of Sir Frederick Nicholson, the eminent statesman of India, the world has lost and carried back from Gloucester what he con: more than a Knight of the Empire of India. He died last summer at the age of ninety, in the hills sidered the best suited plan for India. If Maof South India, the Coonoor country to which he had given his life. His work for India was no- hatma Gandhi had the spirit of Sir Frederick he . table, even among the many ably British stateslnl;'!l} who have aided the Empire. might do more for men of all classes of India:. At his death the press, people and officers united in highest praise. In all his loyal service for the Empire he never lost sight of the Kingdom of the Lord, Jesus Christ. Lucy W. PEABODY.

Unevangelized Chinese

By H. FRENCH RIDLEY, Urumtsi, Sinkiang Missionary of the China Inland Mission FOR years the spiritual needs of the Moslem as they did after the rebellion of 1894-5. On my people (Chanteos) who occupy that little arrival at Korla the man from the Yamen came known district which lies to the east and south to see me and look at my passport. They asked of the great Takla-Makam Desert has been laid me where I was going. I replied: on my heart. When in Sining Kansuh, I would often gaze westward to that vast region, between "You know our business is to go where there us and Kashgar, without a single messenger of the are people." Gospel. I wondered if it would ever be my privilege to visit those regions. That was away back "Oh, yes, we know you Fuh-ing-Tang, you are in the nineties. On my return from furlough in good people exhorting people to be good." They 1913, I was asked to assist in Lanchow in the troubled me no more, yet still I did not feel per- Middle School for two years. During this time fectly safe until I got to Chaklik. my thoughts again turned to this needy field and in 1926 the way opened to come to Tihua to re- It was necessary to provide food for the whole lieve a fellow worker. During my three years way to Chaklik – sixteen days' journey. We in Tihua my thoughts were continually upon this stored up a lot of bread, the bread being kept soft field and I picked up as much as I could of the by mixing three pounds of mutton fat with ten Turki language. pounds of the flour.

In the year 1931, after the return of Messrs. On November 16th early in the morning, with Hunter and Mather from their visit to the Qazaqs a full moon shining down upon us, we set out on in the mountainl;! and IIi (Kuldja) I was led to our journey. As the books I had with me were take a journey as far as Karashar and Korla at limited, I divided them up so that I could leave a the northeast end of the great Gobi Desert. A Gospel in every place we passed through. We British officer had been refused the request to camped out in the open without tents the whole take the route just previously so I little expected way to Chaklik, with the exception of two places. that I would have much chance even if I tried. Desert, jungle and sand dunes made up the jour- But the Lord was laying it more and more on my ney, interspersed with a small village here and heart that now was the time for me to go. Don- there or scattered farmsteads. Choang Kul had keys could be procured easily and the innkeeper 20 families; UIugh Kul (Kul is lake), 30 famtold me that he would find a reliabie man as don- iIies; Kulslagh Camp, 70 families; Tikkenlik, 150 keyman. A cart road had been made all the way families; Kara Bais, 70 families. The last five to Chaklik to make the transport of food for the stages had not more than 10 families. Beside givtroops at Chaklik easy. The soldiers built a high- ing away Gospels, we left tracts in bushes and on way through the marshes which were impassable trees where by-paths led off to farmsteads. Four without a guide and very trying to the traveler. hundred and fifty soldiers were camped at Tikken- Canals had also been cut so that fresh water was lik. I disposed of quite a few books there and obtainable all the way. As the Roman soldiers, later saw one man sitting at his door reading the before the Christian era, built fine roads in all Gospel with seemingly great interest. We camped parts of their empire, making it easier for the near the river at Arghan. A shepherd came and messengers of the Gospel to carry the glad news, I gave him a Gospel and a Pilgrim's Progress. so once again the soldiers of this great empire Early next morning ere we had broken camp he had gone before, making it easier for another mes- returned for copies for two other shepherds. He senger to carry the glad news to the people of this said they had been reading the greater part of the region who had never heard it before. Mission- night and liked the books very much. Here they aries living in the province have an advantage were in the jungle with their sheep and cows four over travelers and explorers, because we are per- days' journey from Chaklik, days passing without mitted to go where we desire. Nevertheless I was seeing anyone. They were rejoicing over this gift doubtful about being permitted to go as there was of books which will be read again and again in still fear that the Dungan's, in case of being de- their loneliness, with plenty of time to discuss the feated in Kansuh, would fly to this said district, contents. May they, like Bunyan's Christian, find their way to the Cross with their burden of sin.

Nearing Lob Nor there was a terrible gale of wind called a "buran." Fortunately behind us.

[145 ]

The wind whizzed among the trees and just be- River and halted for the night. The following was yond was the open desert. Noone could possibly a lovely winter day. Our path first led through pass over the desert that day. In the evening, the jungle, then among the high reeds and rushes snow fell and from Fort Kuron to where we of Lake Choang to a little hut, the home of a shep- camped at Kashgar forty days' journey, snow lay herd. These huts are made of wattles plastered along our path. Lob was our last encampment ere over with mud, the walls falling two or three feet we reached Chaklik. We had to take fuel for our short of the r.oof, leaving plenty of room for fresh camp fire from Fort Kuron. The trek to Chaklik air. When we entered the hut the shepherd's wife is sheer desert, a long weary journey. and three naked children were sitting around the The First Contact with a Missionary fire on the ground in the middle of the room. No table, chairs or forms. We all squatted round the We arrived at Chaklik, a little town of 140 fam- fire, ten in all, and fared out of the same big ilies with probably some 500 families in the whole cauldron, inviting the family t.o join us at our district, at dusk. Over 700 soldiers were stationed sumptuous feast of mutton broth and bread.

there to check the Dungans. I sold all the books The following day we passed through much I could spare and gave away many tracts. The grassland and saw several flocks of sheep, crossed people were courteous and visited me in the inn. the Charchien River on an ice bridge and at dusk This was their first contact with a missionary. arrived at the village of Tatran where we were When I left on the 9th of December my donkey- informed that there was no inn. I then over- man pr.omised to go as far as Keria (19 days heard s.ome one say there was an officials' Rest further) but changed his mind, so I bought his House called a kong-kuan. Soon a door was donkeys and hired a man to help my servant. We opened and we entered a very cozy room, the floor replenished our store for the next seven days to covered with Khotan carpets. The caretaker and Charchien (Churchend on some maps). A 33-mile his wife and mother were exceedingly obliging, trek over sheer desert, flat as a pancake, we ar- soon had a fire lit and tea ready. All joined in a rived at Gillig, where a man has his hovel by the supper of mutton. The village elder and a few riverside. There are two little caves, without other men came in to see me and I gave them doors .or windows, dug out in the bank of the books.

river. We arrived late so found the caves occu- Good News for the Magistrate pied, but some merchants made room for me and my servant in their cave. They had brought fuel The next day we arrived at Charchien. Our with them, or we should have fared badly. I gave entrance into the town settled a little quarrel that was going on in the street, the advent of a forthem a Gospel. Another 30 miles brought us to the village of eigner being more important. The news caused Vara-shari, with some 120 families. We stayed a stir in the Yamen for no official information in the official Rest House. The young women of had been received of any foreigner coming and the household were keen to have a look at me and I had no escort. We had just gotten settled and made several errands to pass my door. Several I was having a cup of tea when a man came from men came to see me, and by the help of my serv- the Yamen demanding in a bustling and rude ant, I told them why I had come. The crucifixion, manner where I had come from and where I was death and resurrection of our Lord was fresh going. He stood asking for my passport. "Sit news to them. They asked many questions. We down," I said. "What is all your hurry, I am not rested a day to prepare for the heavy cr.ossing of going away again tonight; wait till I have finthe high sand dunes. Towards evening of the ished my tea, then I will give you my card.

following day we reached the foot of the dunes. He replied, "The magistrate is very anxious to There is only one hut and it is occupied by a fam- know who you are, as he has had no n.otice of your ily of five. There is no grazing land for cattle or coming." Finally he sat down and talked. When sheep and all the food has to be brought from I was finished I gave him my card but he wanted Vara-shari. They were glad to have a gift of my passport.

some white bread. In the evening the son and "I will bring it along tomorrow," I said, but he other tr~velers sang songs and played on the would not go without it so I sent my servant to banjo. The women folks were peeping through bring it back.

the wattle petition. I seized the opportunity of The next day r visited the official, an elderly getting in a word for my Master and gave them Chanteo gentleman from Kashgar. He received some books. me very graciously and returned my visit when The following day we crossed the sand dunes, he gave mean unique opportunity of telling him several hundred feet in height – heavy traveling the Glad News, as he opened the subject himself.

for man and beast. "Did Christ really die and rise again?" he Finally we reached the banks of the Charchien asked.

THROUGH UNEVANGELIZED CHINESE TURKESTAN

"If it had not been so I would not be here," I talk about the Gospel, and they all got books to answered. take away with them. In the afternoon the head- There was a big, listening crowd. Several de- man of the oasis, with a few friends, came to see sired books and one man surprised me when he me. He was from Yarkand and asked many ques- told those who stood by that what I had said was tions about the Gospel. Having asked my age, perfectly true. said, At Charchien we replenished our food supply, "Why, at your age, have you come this long des- as well as grain for the animals. Nine days of ert route?"

desert lay before us. Snow was on the ground "To do the will of my Lord and Master," I re- everywhere and the road was heavy with sand plied.

dunes. The first three langars (Rest Houses) "It must be done," he answered. I gave him were in charge of a father and two sons, living Mark's Gospel and a Pilgrim's Progress. Niya alone, thirty to thirty-five miles apart. Some- and Endere are the two places where Sir Aurel times for days no travelers are to be seen, so if Stein unearthed many interesting relics. Forty one of these men were ill and died the other mem- miles direct north from Niya is the shrine of bers of the family would not know for days. Imam J afir Sadik, the most famous shrine in all Around Endere there is a good deal of jungle, Central Asia. As my mission was to bring the therefore many wild sheep, cattle, horses, foxes richest Treasure that this world affords rather and pigs. One touching scene on the way is the than seek for earthly treasures, I had no time to lonely grave here and there marked by a long pole go so far out of my way. There is a small langar stuck in the ground and a yak's tail hanging on at 40 li (13 miles) from Niya. It seemed no top. Sickness had overtaken them far away from bigger than a dog kennel, but it is built in a hol- help. It may have been that they died of thirst. low, the smallest langar we saw and is in charge We passed a little group of four one day. The of two very old women. We had to stoop down to mother had been taken suddenly ill, could no get into the miserable hovel. They had prepared longer ride the donkey, so was lying on the ground a little mutton broth for passers-by. In the sum- with the remainder of the family standing around. mer when there is no snow the water has to be On the sixth evening from Charchien we ar- carried five miles.

rived at the Yak-toghrak Langar to find the inn In a Farmer's Home full of guests, so there was no room for us in the inn this Christmas Eve. After going three miles Next day we journeyed 35 miles, arriving at the we beheld a camp fire about a half mile off the oasis of Oy-Toghrak at dusk. There was no inn, road. It was a cloudy evening and dark. Slowly so the donkeyman took us to the home of a friend we made our way among the shrubbery, snow be- where we had a very hearty welcome. Our host ing quite deep in some places, and at last reached was a well-to~do farmer. To my surprise they in- the camp fire. Our fellow travelers had found a vited me into the women's quarters where there hole under the huge roots of a tree. My men un- was a fire. A wee laddie of five summers took loaded the animals, swept the snow off the ground, hold of my hand without fear. The old mother then went in search of fuel and soon had a roar- and one of the daughters-in-law came and sat be- ing fire. It was Christmas Eve again over nine- side me near the fire. There was a father, mother, teen centuries after that first Christmas Eve. two sons and their wives and two boys. One of Here was I, out in the desert, privileged to be the the sons is a mullah.

messenger of the same Glad News to a people who After supper all except the father gathered had never heard it before. It will be a never-to- round my fire, chatted and asked questions. The be-forgotten night for me. most interesting thing was my teeth. I told them Three days more brought us to the oasis of my errand and they listened very patiently. I Niya, about 20 miles in length sustaining a pop- had only a few tracts left, but had asked for Gos- ulation of 1,000 families. Just before entering pels to be sent from Kashgar to Keria to await the oasis we passed the grave of some holy men. me, so I promised to send some back with the There were two ram's horns on one grave, on an- donkey man. None of the women wore veils in other a ram's head, a third had a sheep skin, on the house. The old lady performed her evening a fourth hung the skin of a fowl, besides hosts of devotions while I was still in her room.

little flags upon which were written prayers, re- New Year's Day we reached Keria, a city of minding one of the Tibetan obos with their hosts 6,000 families and probably 40,000 in the district, of prayer flags hung on branches of trees stuck which includes Niya and Oy-Toghrak. Here was on the top of the obo. In the evening several mer- my first touch with a bit of Western civilization, chants came to the inn where I was staying; all the post office. There is no telegraph office nearer but one could speak Chinese as they had been to than Kashgar. I was invited to stay in the home Kansuh with their merchandise. We had a long of the Aksakal, an Indian Moslem who is the rep-

resentative of the British Consul General in Kash- lars all the way. To be away from the desert gar, appointed to look after the British Indian for a short while was a real treat. subjects. It was bazaar day when we arrived and the streets were packed with people. We first We arrived at Khotan at noon and were enterwent to the inn but were glad to be invited else- tained at the home of the Indian Aksakal. The where, for the room smoked badly and was so journey long prayed about was accomplished. dark that I needed a candle to read. Here is a Khotan had already been visited several years ago good center for a mission station. The city is by that intrepid missionary, Rev. G. W. Hunter, built on a high bank overlooking the river. There who has been traveling 25 years in the province are no gates of importance and only two main and knows it better than any other living person. streets, but lanes galore, running here and there The distance from Korla is 1,140 miles and the in a most tortuous manner that it was difficult to route naturally divides itself into two parts: find one's way around. There is a large popula- Korla to Vara-shari, with headquarters either at tion on the north side of the city. Except on Korla or Karashar. one and a half days further bazaar days the city presented a very quiet ap- north, Tatran to Khotan with headquarters at pearance. When I wanted to buy anything, I was Keria. The Swedish Mission hopes to occupy told to wait till bazaar day otherwise it would be Khotan soon. difficult. The people took little notice of me. In fact, along the whole journey, except in Char- From Khotan I went northwest to Yarkand and chien, the people were not a bit curious. How Kashgar and had the privilege of seeing the work they would receive missionaries it is difficult to of the Swedish Mission at their three stationssay. It would be necessary to visit the place a Yarkand, Yenghi-hissar and Kashgar. Between few times and do a little dispensary work to open Khotan and Yarkand the three cities of Suma, the way. The need is great and that in itself Kargalik and Posgam ought to be occupied. I constitutes a call. This field naturally falls under returned via the north road-Maral-bashi, Aksu, the care of the Swedish Mission who hope to open Kuchae and Karashar thus circumambulating the Khotan in the near future. great desert of the Takla-Makan, probably the first time it has been done in one journey by a After a twelve days' stay in Keria, I sold my white man, a distance of 2,625 miles. From donkeys and bought two horses. It was a long Karashar I returned home to Tihua (Urumtsi). stretch of forty miles of desert to Yar Langar I left Tihua on the 22d day of October and reand thirty-three miles more on the following day turned on the 24th of April, in six months and brought us to the town of Chira with a population two days having covered 3,300 miles, passed of 2,500 families in the oasis. All along the route through 18 cities and towns where there was no people had been saying that it was the coldest Christian mission station. winter in the memory of the oldest inhabitants and at Chira there was a great scarcity of water. The need itself is the appeal. Pray for God's Here are ten thousand people who had never had blessing on the books and tracts sold and given the opportunity of hearing the Glad News. Much away on this virgin soil, that He who blessed and land is yet to be possessed. In the oasis of Lob broke the five loaves and two fishes and satisfied there are supposed to be some 20,000 families. It five thousand men, besides women and children, joins up with Khotan-a vety rich district. From may so break the precious Word that many souls Lob to Khotan is 20 miles along a lovely road for may be fed in this wild desert region. In the day motors about 20 feet in width and lined with pop- when He gathers up His jewels may there be many found among His treasures gathered out of this land of buried cities.

As the sculptor works in wood and stone I would devote myself to the living soul. But I face the solemn thought that the sculptor cannot carve either in wood or in stone anything better than himself. All the lines of my carving Will but reveal my own soul. Gazing at my hand, at my chisel, I shudder. How long will it take for this human sculpture which I can never carve better or finer than my-own soul? How shall I escape! how escape from my pitiable, limited self, and rise to become a carver of God!

Happily there is a guide for me, One Who has opened the door of the sanctuary, One Who in His living flesh Has given us an image of the living God.

-Toyohiko Kagawa.

Eskimos-Old and New*

=B=U=T=Z=IN====!.lII~- –tIi{II.!;;!===B=y=th=e=R=E=V=.=A=RT=H=U=R=F=.

ARE the results of fifty years of continuous their faith and hope as they heartily sing: "We .r.. missionary effort equal to the price paid? shall sleep, but not forever." As they glance at Fifty years of the Moravian Church's the crosses marking the last resting places of northwestern venture has involved thousands of their own, they have in their hearts the assurance dollars. The human effort and sacrifices with the of a glorious dawn when they shall never part.

compensations and losses involved can never be The Old Religion and the New reduced to figures set on a balance-sheet.

But in answering the question let us contrast The medicine man, or shaman, was a conspic- the Eskimo of yesterday with the Eskimo of uous person in the old order. As direct repre- today. sentative of the tunrangaiyak (Devil) he was The ancient religion of the Eskimo was one of powerful. Many of them used this power diabolideception and fear. They summed it all up in the cally. Some were of a kindlier disposition, but words: "I fear." In their language there are all of them could easily become the tyrants of many synonyms for fear, foreboding and horror. foreboding and terror. Fear enslaved the people For this fear they blame one tunrangaiyak and to these men. A young native, dying of the dread his agents. He is "the Ruler out of the Dark- tuberculosis, said to me: "The shaman has bound me. I have begged him, but he will not ness." We call him the Devil. For the Christian Eskimo the ancient fears are unbind me. So I must die. If only he would unof yesterday. They have accepted the Saviour, bind me, then I could live." who has broken the bonds that once enslaved them That the shaman did have terrible power our to fear and horrors. They say with all believers: older Christians know. But they also know that a "This is my Lord, who redeemed me, a lost and stronger and a kinder One has come. A Christian undone human creature, purchased and gained Eskimo, also dying of tuberculosis, was besought me from sin, from death and from the power of by his father, still a heathen, to have the shaman the Devil." Some may still need to say: "I be- in. He would not. They begged him that they lieve; help Thou mine unbelief." But they are might take his parka to the shaman to pow-wow saying it sincerely. Christ has opened a new over. No, he would not. If his Saviour would, world of trust and hope to their hearts. He has he could heal him, but if He saw fit to take him brought them a real salvation from terrible bond- from earth to Himself, that would be best. But age and has also introduced to them the mighty in any case he would not now let his soul be soiled by the touch of the Devil. God as their dear and loving heavenly Father. Under the old regime death came with horror, A heartless religion engendered heartlessness. hatred and hopelessness. The loss of child, Our early missionaries repeatedly met with inmother, father, or other dear one, caused the stances where those enfeebled by age or disease were left behind to starve at the time of the spring usual natural heartache. In addition were the migration. When they realized this, our missionhorrors and terrors of apparitions of the de- aries prepared salt fish ahead and saw to it that parted. There was hatred for the shaman who they had sufficient ammunition to procure the might have caused the death. Added to these was necessary ducks and geese to feed such during the utter hopelessness. Life was gone forever. periods of scarcity of food. This kind forethought Death still brings to them the heartache and made its impression. The modern missionary feeling of loss. I have heard a Christian Eskimo still encounters a sad lack of deference and kindfather sob over his dying son: "Father have liness for the aged and feeble, but they are now mercy upon me." Later this father calmly spoke fed and cared for. There is a growing Christian to his people of the Home with the heavenly Fa- opinion that the aged should be dealt with conther and the Saviour, where he would meet his siderately. Most of our congregations have colown again. Easter has become the glad day for lections especially for such older and needy folks. bereaved Eskimos. At the sunrise service they tell Sometimes Sunday school classes gather gifts for * From 1'he .BIorav1an (Decenlber, 1935). them and sing in their homes.

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The orphan and the "half-orphan" (child of gether easy in that low, flat country of rain, Eskimo companionate marriage) shared the lot of water, slush and mud where dirt is a natural aged feeble folk. However, they could not be element. starved so readily nor was that exactly desirable. The people needed "slaves" to labor for them. And it is true that the persistent influence of Hard work, rough treatment and "garbage" food the Gospel is toward cleanliness. The old superand clothing fell to the lot of these. We have seen stitions thrived in filth and darkness. Jesus is the these "slaves" among well-fed and happy children. Light of the world. Light dispels darkness and They looked on while the others had their fill of destroys filth. This is the experience of the Good the choicest. When all were satisfied, they got News among the Eskimo. Napagiaghak village the crumbs, bones and dregs of the tea that hap- wanted a chapel. They could not build it without pened to be left. These things used to be com- help. In presenting the need of a chapel their mon, for there was no sentiment to forbid it. spokesman advanced as the cogent reason for it that it was not compatible to celebrate the Holy "Let the little children come unto Me," includes Communion in the dark, dirty and soot-covered the orphan. That part of the Gospel is being in- kashige. The younger set are eagerly learning terpreted by the orphanage. Again the Eskimo the truths of sanitation and gradually are formas a whole have responded wonderfully. From ing habits of cleanliness. all corners of our field comes approval. Native congregations give fish. Some have donated fur A Long and Winding Trail boots and other things. Before our eyes we see another advance. It is the Saviour's will that It has been a long, long winding trail from their none of these little ones be offended. primitive superstitions and fears to the devotion, thankfulness, hope and Christian fellowship ex- The Social Change perienced at one of the Communion services to- day. The pioneers met with stolid hostility, with The aboriginal Eskimo considered woman very dense ignorance and utter indifference. The Gosmuch man's inferior. She was man's servant. pel message was too immense for their minds. Her duty was to bear and rear children, and al- The trail through their hearts led to their souls. ways serve the man. She gathered the wood and The patient kindness and service rendered them cured and stored the fish. She removed and dried by the missionaries won their confidence. As one the pelts of the animals trapped by the man and ignorant Eskimo said to one of our missionaries, out of them made garments. Whenever a migra- "You are Christ to us." Any verbal interpretation took place, she helped the dogs haul the bag- tion meant nothing to that man; a Christlike life gage, or if by water, she and the children pro- did. pelled the boat, while the man sat in the stern steering it. She was "too dumb" to appreciate Today they listen gladly to the message and, anything better. Mentally she was considered a furthermore, they themselves have become detervery inferior animal. mined to have a share in presenting the invitation of Christ to fellow Eskimos who have not yet ade- That feeling still persists, but there is in prog- quately heard. Helper Neck is outstanding. His ress an adjustment. Husbands and wives now name is first in the "Eskimo Who's Who." He live together – some of them very peaceably. had come from the uttermost-a shaman of the They bring up their children together. As a fam- shamans, zealous. He had accepted Christ. Thereily we see them coming to church; the husband after his living was of Christ and for Christ. He is even carrying the baby in his arms; though he and a host of others have written the Gospel acwalks on ahead while she follows! The husband cording to the Eskimo. This interpretation of has begun to fetch the wood and water and lend Christ in living epistles is read and understood. a hand in the curing and storing of the food sup- Congregations have been touched by this Spirit. plies. In many of our congregations the woman They help support native preachers in the frontier has been granted the vote. Some of the more villages; when a new chapel is to be built, a coladvanced pray at their meeting and teach Sunday lection may be taken or a hand is lent in its conschool classes. struction.

*** Fifty years in the life of a race is but a day. It would be unreasonable to expect that in so short a Very much has been said and written about the period every vestige of the old superstitions and Eskimo and his foul igloo. The subject may seem fears should have been utterly destroyed. The over-emphasized, but only to such who have never older folk "know" experimentally that evil as imseen, smelt or touched it. Then, if it be true that personated in the shaman was powerful to bless cleanliness to Godliness is kin, some very notice- and curse, That same power stilI exists, though able change should be apparent in the person, held in check by the stronger power of a merciful home, and surrounding of the Christian Eskimo. God. We wilI grant them that cleanliness is not aIto-

the Church and Modern

By J,rnV. DANIEL A. POLING, D.D. I I r~"- Pastor of Baptist Temple, Philadelphia, Pa.

~==============================~, MODERN youth is incurably religious-not may stand between, youth presses toward the goal by the test of any particular human creed, at whatever cost. Youth does not and cannot not in the vernacular of fifty, twenty or escape Jesus Christ when He is released by those even ten years ago, but in deep reality. Modern who too often build about Him barricades of youth is incurably religious even though he may prejudice and petty sectarian difference.

deny the fact for the moment, by deeds as well as What is it that makes Jesus Christ unique as words. the Captain and Leader of youth? "I will follow William Lyon Phelps, who talks a language withersoever thou goest," declared a young lawyer that youth understands, has suggested a reason centuries ago as the Galilean Teacher moved tofor the basic religious..attitude of young men and ward Jerusa·lem and His crucifixion. Those words young women. "Youth responds to the spirit and of dedication were spoken deliberately, in the message of Jesus Christ," says Dr. Phelps, "be- light of known facts, after Jesus, by the test of all cause Jesus knew more about political economy human evidence, had apparently passed from than all the professors in all the colleges in the triumph to decline; they were spoken in the face world and He knew more about the human heart of impending physical disaster. This young scribe than did Shakespeare. Jesus Christ is the great- made his choice knowing full well that by so do- est leader, the most absolutely right Person, the ing he turned his back upon family and ambition, world has ever known. A complet~ change has that he invited tragic risks, that he flung wide his come over the world since the War, especially in arms to defeat and even death.

the emergence of individual leaders in times of Jesus was on the march, and it is life on the peace. StaHn is running Russia alone, Hitler do- march that captures youth. Jesus was moving ing the same thing in Germany, Mussolini in toward a great goal. The young man knew it, Italy. The whole world is in such a turmoil that and he would go along. The psychology of youth men are looking for leadership and saying, 'Who in every generation is the psychology of advance.

is going to get us out of this mess?' People may Progress, and not decline, is the key to the hearts be following some fallible human leaders for the of our sons and daughters; and Jesus Christ for- moment, but the leadership of Jesus Christ in our ever has that key. He has a destination in view, lives ought to be, may be, constant in everything. an immortal destiny. He could not be turned If I should say that the only way in which every aside by opposition and He would not retreat be- person in this world may be saved is by joining a cause of bitter dangers. It is not a Garibaldi particular church, you would rightly think me patriotism that discourages a young man today.

crazy. I am not out of my mind when I say the It is not a loyalty involving danger that dampens only way the world can be saved today is by ac- the ardor of a young woman. But an institution cepting and following Jesus Christ." or a leader that is not going somewhere, that is It is in the very heart of the vital matter that not headed toward some real and alluring destinawe find the great twentieth century issue for the tion, cools the fevered blood of a holy purpose in Christian Church. She cannot win youth by ask- the veins of a rising generation. ing youth to join her divisions but she can win Let the Church, with her allied institutions and youth by asking them to unite their lives to the organized activities, give heed today. Let any person and cause of Jesus Christ. Jesus in the church that does not have young people, and is flesh always attracted young people to' His com- not able to attract them, take account of stock and pany, challenged them with His message, won remember the man of twenty centuries ago who them to' His ministry. He was always going some- cried, "Master, I will follow thee whithersoever where and knew where He was leading them. thou goest."

Danger and defeat did not lose youth's allegiance, Saul of Tarsus was riding hard toward Damas- for always yO'uth is on the march and if the goal cus, but Jesus rO'de faster, overtook him in the is worth reaching, though reverses and disasters way, tumbled him into the dust and then lifted [151 ]

him to sweep him forward faster than horses and to make men and women truly good and powerful farther than the boundaries of Rome's imperial is adequate for this crisis. The editorial concludes world. This same Jesus overtook Rome herself at that this solution is to be found nowhere else than last and moved on ahead of all her legions. in Jesus Christ and the New Testament.

What was the destination of Jesus? Where is The world has a growing sense of need. Her He going? When He was on earth he went to find very terror in the presence of the machine age she the hungry, and He gave them food. He went has created may be matched by her desire to find with healing for the sick, and even the dead lived and travel the road that leads to a new world. It again. He went to reveal the true basis of brother- is as though the leader of this generation said, "I hood to a world filled with hates and fears; He will follow thee, follow thee whithersoever thou went to find the lost and to show them the way goest." But have they counted the cost? back to the Father. He is still on that mighty quest. He goes now to destroy armed conflict and One of the distinguished military leaders of the bring peace; He comes to right wrongs and to Great War declared it to be his reasoned concluoffer new life and youth flocks to His banner sion that "only the Church can save the world wherever it is lifted on high. from another and even more disastrous conflict." He added, "If another great war comes, the Where is Jesus, our Lord, going? He hastens Church will be to blame." Can the Church preto establish the sacredness, the divinity of human vent war? Can the Church destroy poverty? Can personality, when brought into vital relationship the Church secure justice for weaker races, and with God. For him a little child, the humblest classes? Can the Church solve the problem of baby of the poorest house is of greater value than lawlessness and actually Christianize civilization? all the wealth of a great city. No-the Church cannot, al'5 an institution with an institutional program. As an organization in her Jesus Christ travels on with the ever-lengthen- own right, however great and glorious in the light ing stride of eternal truth to free man's body from of sacred history, she cannot. But as the chosen its bondage, and to cure and save the soul of man instrument of this same Jesus Christ, the Lord of so that it will never die. All other leaders are Glory, the Church, united, humbled by the sense little men when compared with the divine Gal- of her human weaknesses, but with the knowledge ilean. They have their moment of acclaim, but of her infinite divine resources, the Church, folseldom more than one. Only when they join His lowing the l~adership of Christ, thus can save the company and are possessed by His Spirit do they world. This is the Church to which modern youth survive their generation – such were Paul and will come, as youth in every generation has Luther, Wesley and Spurgeon and Moody. The flocked to enlist for high adventure. Youth enlists youth of the world can be saved today only' by fol- today for dictators, and youth marches behind lowing Jesus Christ. the banners of Stalin and Hitler and Mussolini, moved by fear and hatred and self-interest. When In a popular magazine an editorial writer, who the lists of Jesus Christ are opened and His would resent being called a preacher, declared that trumpet is blown youth will march under His it is not by a "new thought" that the world can be banner. saved but that the regeneration of society demands new lives, and that only a Power sufficient LET THE CHILDREN BE HEARD You may hush every other voice of national and individual complaint; you may silence every other tongue, even those of mothers of destroyed sons and daughters, of wives of profli- gate husbands; but let the children speak – the little children, the wronged children, the crip- pled children, the abused children, the blind children, the imbecile children, the nameless chil- dren, the starved children, the deserted children, the beaten children, the dead children!

o my God, this army of little children!

Let their weak voices, faint with oppression, cold and hunger, be heard. . . . Let their little faces, pinched by want of gladness, be heeded! Let their challenge – though made by small forms, too mighty for estimate – be reckoned with! Let their writing upon the wall of the nation – although traced by tiny fingers, as stupendous as eternity – be correctly in- terpreted and read, that the awful robbery of the lawful heritage of their little bodies, minds and souls is laid at the brazen gate of ALCOHOL. – EVANGELINE BOOTH, General of the Sal- vation Army.

Christian Students and

–<!III By H. W. PEET, London, England 11"'- T HE student Christian Movement Quadren- The worst policy today is to maintain the status nial of Great Britain was held at Birming- quo; anti-Communist crusaders become too easily ham. This great gathering is held to bring the messengers of the "bad news" that things before each generation of students the needs of must remain as they are. The Church must realthe missionary work of the Church. ize that "The finest realities of the West are not in systems; forms of government are merely tem- The trend of student thought today is reflected porary ways of dealing with human affairs. We in the general title of the conference, "God Speaks must have a sense of proportion-or humor-and to This Generation." As Dr. Leyton Richards, of the idea that behind the facade of affairs are just Carrs Lane Chapel, Birmingham, said: frightened human beings. We must try to look God in the face and realize how ridiculous it is "After the war the emphasis was on social work for us to sit in judgment on one another, like and international matters. These are still press- archangels on the day of judgment. We must ing heavily on the students but they realize that realize that humanity is a band of sinners who they and the world around them have failed to should come to God and then stand side by side put things right, and they are returning to a helping to make a new world." search f.or a sure foundation for their faith in God." Dr. t'Hooft gave a vivid analysis of Great Britain today as an outsider sees her. He put his The early disciples of Christ started with the finger on the weak spots in British national facts of Jesus' advent, life, sacrifice and resur- armor, and quite frankly said that the world is rection. They found that these historical facts irritated with Britain because she seems so easily became for them the basis for a moral fact. As to find great moral reasons for acts of self-interthey tried to explore the moral fact and explained est. Britain must be willing definitely to conit they found that the Person they had known tribute to the peace of the world, apart from any just as a fact of history, and whom later they advantage such an act may bring to herself. recognized as the great factor of moral life, could only be explained as a spiritual fact, as One who An Anglican Father, Rev. W. S. A. Robertson, was the embodiment or incarnation of the very of St. Ives, who is d.oing a magnificent work in being of God. the midlands among tramps, presented an attrac- tive figure in his brown robe and course girdle. The gathering was attended by 2,000 people, Speaking on "The Reality of God," he said that, including many overseas students studying in even though his audience was so different fr.om Great Britain and others who came specially for those among whom he had recently been mixing the meeting from the continent of Europe, Asia yet they had much in common for all .of us must and Africa. come to God as "down and out" men and women.

Dr. Visser t'Hooft, the very capable Dutch sec- Rev. William Paton, Secretary of ,the Internaretary of the World Student Christian Federation, tional Missionary Council, spoke on his recent representing some 200,000 students in 45 coun- visit to the Far East and dealt with the political tries, spoke on "The 'Christian' West." He said: and religious ferments there. In his analysis of "We might as well talk of the 'Christian Jungle,' " the situation in Japan, where the worship of the recalling the tragically unchristian state of af- Emperor, inherent in the Japanese system, is setfairs which prevail today. "Nevertheless," he ting up a superreligion of extreme nati.onalism, added, "Christianity has been the central forma- he really gave a digest of his important book, tive element in all that is good in Western civ- "Christianity in the Eastern Conflicts." One of ilization. It has emphasized the worth of effort the speakers of the World Student Christian Fedand of individuals. Without Christianity the erati.on was Mr. Sen, ,an Indian who has just been West would be historically inconceivable. "What touring the United States. His illustration of the the world lacks today is a common point of ref- five fingers .of our hand representing what should erence. Several groups believe that they alone be the five chief elements in our life. The thumb can save Europe-and are willing to ruin Europe represents strength and courage for with it we in order to prove their thesis. The ideological grip things. The first finger represents leadership enemy is considered the representative of some satanic principle."

[ 153]

and guidance, for with it we point. The center supplication, but rather with hand stretched ,out finger represents harmony. The third on which in cooperation." In a warm tribute to the misthe wedding ring is placed, stands for love. And sionary movement of the past hundred years, Mr. the little finger when we hold our hands in prayer Sun said, "It would be difficult to discover in hisfaces the aUar and, also, in the Indian meth,od of tory any group ,of men and women who have comsalutation, faces the person we honor. manded greater respect and admirati,on than those ,of the missi,on field. The world owes a greater The Archbishop of Y,ork spoke on "God in debt to these men and women than it sometimes Christ," recalling the first Quadrennial he at- realizes." tended in 1908. "Those who saw God in Christ in the first century," he said, "did not argue ab,out Africa was represented by Mr. J. C. W. Dougit. F1aith is a response of the wh,ole mind, critical all, the new Secretary of the Conference of British and constructive. Yet the essential wonder of Missionary Societies, who has spent s,ome years faith is much more like the feeling for a trusted in East Africa as educational adviser to missi,ons. and admired leader than it was like the Q. E. D. While all the most vital questions of international at the end of a geometrical proposition." relationships may be focussed in Africa at the moment, the most important fact Lor the future is Rev. Paul Rangaramanujam gave a stirring ac- that there is a Christian Church in Africa. count ,of the growth of the Mass Movement in the area in which he works. On the political situa- The urgent need for missionaries at present was tion Mr. Rangaramanujam said that India is emphasized by Miss Ruth Rouse, Educati,on Sec- retary of the Missionary Council of the Church of facing clear issues with high idealism, c,ourage England-who, incidentally, was one of the three and wisdom that are almost Christian. The Na- people present at this conference who were also tional Movement which used to have primarily a at the first Student Christian M,ovement Quadpolitical emphasis is n,ow beginning to embrace rennial in 1896. There are today 400 vacant P,osts social and economic pr,oblems. While earlier it in the Protestant mission field which can be filled wanted self-government because it did not want only by men and women who were now students to be g,overned by others, now it desires inde- -ordained men, teachers, doctors, nurses, women pendence for the noble purpose ,of serving India evangelists, agricultural engineers, builders, weland seeing that her P,oor, depressed and ,outcaste fare workers.· There are fields now where the pe,ople come into their own. Great Britain is average age ,of the missi,onaries is between 50 and called to send Christian men and women to G,oV- 60. New consecrated, well-trained missionaries ernment service, military and other forms of serv- are needed from the present student generation. ice to India, to sh,ow the go,od will there is in the Church of Christ in Britain. Mr. Rangaramanu- There are great possibilities in consecrated jam also emphasized the needs which the Church young life and our prayer is that y,outh may fulin India still has of spiritual and intellectual lead- fill .its pmmise and see its way, having listened ership from Western Churches. to the voice of God, to a path which will lead the world onward. As a leading member of the The Chinese Christian editor, Mr. T. H. Sun, faculty of Birmingham University said of the made a plea for help for the Chinese Church from gathering: "The whole atmosphere is reeking the church of the West. "The younger Churches," with moral gunpowder." he said, "come to you n,ot with the open hand of A HINDU PARABLE There was a donkey which belonged to a dhobi (handy man). The poor donkey had a hard time, for, as everyone knows, donkeys belong to a "depressed class." The owner abused and overworked him shamefully. The rope by which he was tied was very old and had be- come weak in many places, partly because many reformers had tried to cut it and free the donkey. The poor animal longed to be free and himself often chewed it. He CQuid have broken it easily; but whenever he became restless, the dhobi would give him a little green grass and as he was always hungry he would quiet down to eat the grass. Then his ,owner would load him up again' and beat him and curse him. Again he would determine to go free at the first opportunity but as often as he started to break away the dhobi would again give him a little grass. Then, the donkey would think, "After all, if I leave this place where could I go? This is the place where I was born." So he remained in his wretched condition, not because the rope held him, but because he received a little grass and because he really disliked to change.

Moral: The bonds of caste are not strong enough to hold anyone who really wishes to go free.

Ways of

'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I============================~ MEN'S MISSIONARY LEAGUE, 1934 – FIRST UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, ELYRIA, OHIO An Achievement in Masculine den of responsibility for the gained 50 % in active member- Missions present abnormal situation in which "the whole undertaking ship, 34% in general offerings Under this challenging title, to make Christ known to the The Men's Missionary League world is regarded as a strictly and an increase of 43 % in the of the United Presbyterian feminine affair" (in the local church of Elyria, Ohio, has church aspect) and the entire thank-offering over that of the brought out a leaflet giving "the missionary movement is a wom- preceding year! The entire mishuman interest history" of their an's undertaking and not some- sionary budget offerings of the adventure in leading men to thing to challenge the serious congregation for the church year major in missions. The pioneer- and active devotion of strong ending in March, 1935, were ing pastor, Rev. George A. Christian men. The story of the Brown, told the story of the ven- way in which Mr. Brown set 137 % over those of the year beture in THE REVIEW in Novem- about harnessing the men and ber, 1935. As set forth therein boys in his church for team work fore. the problem of enlisting men for with the sisterhood is a chalmissions is, in its final analysis, lenging one, and the report of We have now to record that a matter of interesting them the effect upon the local wom- the infant organization has not whole-heartedly and enthusias- en's missionary society is star- only survived and grown but tically in Jesus Christ Himself, tling. At the end of the first year that similar leagues have sprung the dynamic of whose life work of the League, that society rewas the missionary motive and ported marked increase in mem- up in a number of other churches the carry-on personnel of whose bership, attendance, offerings, necessitating the issue of the interest and cooperation never leaflet above mentioned as an incampaign, in the early centuries, known before on the part of "the structional manuel with model consisted of the informal mis- brethren." In the language of sionaries we now call laymen. figures, the women's soc i e t y constitution and by-laws. On the evening of Nov. 17, 1936, the Upon the pastors rests the bur- [155 ] League celebrated its t h i r d birthday in a party with all the other missionary organizations of the church as guests and Sam- uel A. Fulton, International Chaplain of the Gideons, as the main speaker. Two special mis-

sionary projects-one home and ets of such material over care- African territory-very picturesque) ; one foreign – have been under- fully and found them highly sug- "African Lights and Shadows" (story taken by the organization as its gestive, the Editor is glad to re- illustrated by shadow piCtures inpractical outlet. In a recent let- deem her promise to cite them volving a series of dramatizationster to the Department Editor, for consideration, especially as full directions given); "An African Mr. Brown says: the African study period is not Village Trial"; "Harum Scarum finished yet; and the bulk of the Harems"; "Enlarge Your World" We have been going now for over material is of a timeless, univer- (folder illustration); "Mimeographed three years and the interest not only sal character and the "program Patterns"; "Greetings-Congo Style" abides but grows with the passing molds" of such a type that they (full directions for picturesque ceremonths and meetings. Our men here will suit a variety of topical con- monial) . are enthusiastic about it and the work tents. The denominational brand is extending throughout our church. is also negligible. Any evan- An outstanding feature of We have had wide and favorable pub- gelical group can utilize most of these packets is the number of licity, not only in this land but in the programs, devices and sub- references made to plans and Canada. The hand of the Lord is ject matter to good advantage. articles in the October issue of most manifestly in our work and we THE REVIEW. Much of its mawant it to grow for His sake and to The three packets are adapted terial is recommended for spe- His glory. for use among women's societies, cific use. older and younger young peo- With whole-hearted assent we ple's groups and Sunday school Follow the Line of Most echo the closing words of the classes or departments. They Resistancecampaign leaflet: may be obtained at The United Christian Missionary Society, but that's only one way Let each pastor preach to his men Missions Building, 222 Downey of saying it. at the earliest possible date, and more Ave., Indianapolis, Ind., at 50 earnestly and plainly and directly cents each. State for which The blue waters of Eagles than ever before, to show them that group the material is desired. Mere Lake moved and shim- Missions is a man's job. Then call a mered under a golden June sun. meeting for the organization of a Each packet contains an out- The foliage circling the lake like Men's Missionary League: pray, plan line of the course and materials, a wreath provided a restful and proceed as the Holy Spirit Him- instructions for leaders and pro- change for the eyes and at least self may lead. In the words of our gram builders, ready-to-use les- two city-dwellers sitting on the rallying song: son subject matter, dramatic beach appreciated the scene. sketches, folk lore tales, complete A wake, ye Christian men; devotional, consecration and in- The girl in the bathing suit Behold the world today; stallation services, question and dropped her beach coat so that discussion mat e ria 1, mimeo- the sun could reach her shoul- Great multitudes like scattered sheep graphed patterns, African games ders. They were conspicuously From God still go astray. for the recreational periods, etc. white compared with those of Sample questions and discussion other bathers about her. Come with a spirit stirred; topics are: Obey your Lord's command; "Dotty," she spoke to the girl Is it right to impose denominational- in blue gingham beside her, Pray Him to send forth laborers ism and white civilization upon "why have I never done this be- Into each waiting land. other countries? fore? A vacation at a mission- ary conference didn't sound Present your gifts to Him, Is the African not happy as he is? thrilling to me, but I don't know Your silver and your gold; Why interfere with his beliefs? when I've enjoyed a week more, and I'm going home with my But first of all, yourself He asks, What conditions growing out of the head simply crammed with That He your life may mold. conquest of Africa jeopardize the ideas." She took a small note- peace of the world todav? book from the pocket of her coat Go forth, ye Christian men, and began turning its pages. Proclaim His name abroad; There is so much to be done at home. Why support foreign missions "You know, Sarah," Dotty re- That sinners far and near may come until we have Christianized our plied, "when I asked you to come To know the Son of God. own country? with me last year, you said you were taking your vacation later. He gave His life for you; The process of securing products from Most of the conferences like this His precious blood He shed. Africa is changing the lives of were over. But I knew you Africans. As a user of these would like it." Serve Him who saves you by His products do I not have a moral grace, responsibility toward Africa? "Well, I certainly do. Thete's plenty of time for outdoor exer- The Church's living Head. How does my consecration compare cise and the things I'm learning with that of African Christians? come in such an easy, interest- (Copies M the organizational leaflet may ing way – everything combines be had at 4 cents per C(}py. 40' cents per Is my life a recommendation for to make me feel a real satisfacdozen, $3.00 per hundred, from The Board Christ? tion." of Administration, United Presbyterian Church, 705 Publication Building, Pitts- Dramatics, dialogues, visual- "Just before I came," the burgh, Pa.) izations, etc., include the follow- other went on, "I agreed to be ing as samples: "Allo, Congo!" "Upriver on the Oregon" (travel As mentioned in the October impersonations); "White Gobblers in issue of this Department, the Africa" (illustrated representation of foreign mission programs. and foreign rapacity in "gobbling up" study material of the United Christian Missionary Society could not be listed until after the first of the year, as they would not come out before January. Having looked the several pack-

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

president of our mIsSIOnary sort of thing. Of course, we'll like to have an evening with circle next winter. My notebook have a play or a talk by a mis- Polly Brown and Helen Frazier sionary so as to keep the party talking about their trip to the is a sort of outsize one and it's Orient. They didn't visit all the going to be a lot of help to me. from being all amusement and mission stations but they did nothing to show for it after- meet a few of the missionaries I can make use of so many of wards." and if they would show the the things we get here. You things they brought home and "That sounds fine," praised tell about the ones they met, and weren't here the first night when Dotty, "and how about making describe our work as they can the literature lady told that little invitations like those we saw in read it up in the missionary story made up of the titles of the the shape of an African hut. magazine, I'm sure the girls books on Africa. That was They are made of wrapping would learn something from clever and it's a stunt that might paper with the thatched roof that, too." be done with titles of books crayoned a darker brown. You about any country. She had a catch a glimpse of the wording "A good thing about the methglobe in front of her on a table on the inside fold through a ods we've had here," remarked Dotty, "is that they could be and she repeated the words of little cut-out door in the hut. We adapted to suit the study of al- 'This is my Father's world,' the must pique the imagination with most any country. Now, my the wording of the invitation, as cousin says they will study first verse, while someone played Miss Applegarth said. Didn't Japan this year because the misit softly on the piano. Then she you love her asking, 'Has the dic- sionary their own church sup- tionary joined your church?' ports is making their town her said, 'My Father's world! I re- It's true that we keep on using headquarters while she's at peat the words often thinking the same old hackneyed terms home. That series Miss Appleonly of the part I can see with garth suggested on Hands, for my eyes' or words to that effect. in our meeting announcements. instance, could be used for any We just don't take the trouble other land as well as Africa. She went on to talk about Af- to think up more alluring ones." Remember, she had the titles rica, bringing in the titles of the listed, Hands across the Sea, different books and magazine The sun was slanting lower Hands that Rock the Cradle, articles and holding each one up Hand – Me – Down, Behindhand and the lake breeze was cool. or Beforehand, Han d i c r aft, as she mentioned it. Then she Sarah pulled her coat about her Hand-in-Hand. Can't you just closed with the last verse of the shoulders again as she scribbled picture how those topics could hymn, after saying something a few words in her tiny book. be worked out. It does take "Yes, and we mustn't use stilted imagination, though. I must about our obligation to help Af- phrases either. They put peo- say, I feel as though I never rica's people to see the Father's ple to sleep-people at a meeting again will be satisfied to follow 'the line of least resistance' in world and be able to thank Him need to be electrified. Even the presenting the cause of missions for it, too. I thought at our first furniture should be placed dif- -there I go again using set meeting we could give the girls ferently now and then, and the phrases! How would you say minister's wife mustn't always that, Sarah? Follow the line of a glimpse of the study plans that lead the devotions. In our case least resistance in broadcasting same way." it's the minister's daughter, but the fact that our missionaries I'm going to ask Flo this time to are heroes in the midst of a Sarah was still fingering her get two other girls to read with thrilling adventure-up against notebook, nodding her head to her the story of Philip and the all sorts of odds, yet they see reshow that she was listening. sults that make them realize they "One thing sure," she declared, Ethiopian eunuch. One can read are truly workers together with "I never would have promised to the narrative part, one will take charge of the party for new speak for Philip and the other God and must win in the long members if I'd not been getting run. When the girls really get some of those things they call for the eunuch. It will make the 'methods' from Margaret Apple- story more real." that view, they are sure to want garth. Now I know just what to help. By the way, Miss Ap- I'm going to suggest to the com- "Another thing to think about in devotions is hymns. Alice plegarth and some of the other mittee. Remember the game we leaders are going to be here played on Saturday afternoon, told me she simply hadn't the with the name of a famous per- heart to sing '0 Zion Haste' ever again next summer." son on every girl's back. We'll again. She says we always sing use people connected with Af- it. I told her that if she'd come "Well, I'm telling you right rica, missionaries like Living- and lead us in some really new stone and Jean Mackenzie, and hymns, or even some old ones now, so am 11" a few like Cecil Rhodes and that we don't sing so often, we'd Haile Selassie. For refresh- JANE GILBERT, give the stand-bys a rest for a ments we had a whole bunch of year. And with just a little Vice-Chairman, Eagles Mere, Pa., bananas, and cookies cut in the originality, there are ways of Conference, June 26 to July 3. varying the use of even an old shape of the map of Africa, hymn to advantage."

spread with a mixture of peanut "If I wasn't so full of this Af- rican party," said Sarah, "I'd butter and chile sauce-weren't they good? And the peanuts we had to hunt for all around the room. The girls will love that

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions EDITH E. LOWRY, EXECUTlVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~'~I~–==~~~~~~~~~===—-I~ LET US REMEMBER JESUS INTERLUDE OF MUSIC: BENEDICTION: A Lenten Service of Worship* Vocal solo–"My Task"-Ashford. (Remain standing after benedic- tion.) INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC: PERIOD OF MEDITATION. LEADER: "The Palms"-Faure. LEADER: (Continue to play softly as ac- ("Into the Woods My Master Went" companiment during the reading Let us remember Jesus: Who loved to be played softly during reading of the poem.) men, yet retired from them to pray, of poem.) rose a great while before day, LEADER: watched through a night, stayed in o Master of the Galilean Way, the wilderness, went up into a Judean hills are holy, Judean hills mountain, sought a garden. Who, Forgive us for the vows we fail are fair, when he would help a tempted dis- to keep: ciple, prayed for him, and for the For one can find the footprints of perfecting of those who received Forgive us that we so neglect thy Jesus everywhere. sheep, him. One finds them in the twilight be- So idly waste this shining harvest neath the singing sky, INTERLUDE OF MUSIC: day!

Where shepherds watch in wonder Vocal solo-"Into the Woods My What matter if we cannot under- white planets wheeling by. Master Went" – Lanier. (F irs t stand stanza.) His trails are on the hillsides and The mystery of Love that is Di- down the dales and deeps; PERIOD OF MEDITATION. vine, He walks the high horizons where LEADER: Nor pierce the veil! Dear Lord, vesper silence sleeps. our faith increase Let us remember Jesus: Who be- He haunts the lowly highways lieved in men to the last and never To know that, since our hands where human hopes have trod despaired of them. Who through may reach thy hand, all disappointment never lost heart. The Via Dolorosa up to the heart Who disregarded his own comfort Our lives are made all-powerful, of God. and convenience and thought first through thine, of others' needs, and though he suf- He looms,·a lonely figure, along the fered long was always kind. Who, To heal a wounded world and fringe of night, when he was reviled, reviled not bring it peace! again, and when he suffered, threat- -Molly Anderson Haley. As lonely as a cedar against the ened not. Who humbled himself lonely night. and carried obedience to the point Poems from "Quotable Poems," Vol. I of death, even death on the cross, Judean hills are holy, Judean hills and endured faithfully to the end. Clark-Gillespie, Willett, Clark &anCdo.p, ra1y9e3r1~' are fair, New York. Music, meditation INTERLUDE OF MUSIC: from HNew Hymnal of American Youth" For one can find the footprints of Jesus everywhere. Vocal solo – "Into the Woods My H. Augustine Smith, Appleton D. Century, -William L. Stidger. Master Went." (Last stanza.) New York.

PERIOD OF MEDITATION. UNISON PRAYER AND CONSECRATION Officers, 1937 LEADER: (Standing) : President – Mrs. Millard Robinson (Methodist Episcopal). As we worship together- o Christ, our only Saviour, so come Let us remember Jesus: Who, First Vice-President-Mrs. Orrin R. though he was rich, yet for our to dwell in us that we may go forth Judd (N. Baptist). sakes became poor and dwelt among with the light of thy hope in our us. Who was content to be subject eyes, and thy faith and love in our Second Vice-President–Mrs. Augus- to his parents, the child of a poor man's home. Who lived for thirty hearts. tus Trowbridge (Protestant Epis- years the common life, earning his To the preaching of good tidings copal). living with his own hands and de- of salvation we consecrate Third Vice-President- Mrs. J. W. clining no humble tasks. Whom the our powers; Downs (Methodist Episcopal common people heard gladly, for he To the healing of broken bodies South) . understood their ways. and the relief of distress we Recording Secretary – Miss Dorothy consecrate our gifts; A. Stevens (N. Baptist). INTERLUDE OF MUSIC: To the leading of every soul to the knowledge and love of Treasurer-Mrs. Norman V. Peale Vocal solo-"When the Lord of Love Christ we consecrate our in- (Reformed in Am.). Was Here"-Brooke. (First three fluence; stanzas.) To the Christianization of the Chairmen of Committees world, PERIOD OF MEDITATION. To the building of the Kingdom of Annual Meeting: Miss Laura H. Parker (Presbyterian, U. S. A.). LEADER: God: Chautauqua: Miss Amelia D. Kemp We consecrate our money, our ef- (Un. Lutheran). . Let us remember Jesus: Who was Conferences and Schools of Missions: mighty in deed, healing the sick and forts and our lives. Amen. Miss Carrie M. Kerschner (Evan- the disordered, using for others the powers he would not invoke for RESPONSE: gelical Reformed). himself. Who refused to force Editorial and Publicity: Mrs. J. men's allegiance. Who was master "Hear Our Prayer, 0 Lord." (Vo- and Lord to his disciples, yet was cal or instrumental.) Henry Callister (Friends). among them as their companion and as one who served. HYMN: Eva Clark Waid Memorial for World • Prepared by Charlotte Mary Burnham. "0 Master, Let Me Walk with Peace: Miss Emma Jessie Ogg Thee." (Four stanzas.) (Presbyterian, U. S. A.).

[158 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

Finance: Mrs. Mary D. White (Con- one another and to demonstrate the Western Hemisphere and to ex- gregational-Christian) . the inclusiveness of the home tend this policy of good neighborliness mission program. In reporting to all nations, regardless of geograph- International Relations: Miss Elinor the year's activities at the busi- ical propinquity. ness session novel methods were K. Purves (Presbyterian, U. s. employed – panel discussions, 2. To exercise moderation with re- round tables and skits, thereby spect to our military establishments, A.). making the presentation of re- to the end that the influence of the ports interesting and stimu- United States may be on the side of Legislative: Mrs. Bessie H. Payne lating. peace and not on the side of war. (NatI. Baptist). Important actions were taken, 3. To accept membership in the Migrant: Mrs. Kenneth D. MiIIer a few of which are reported in World Court and through such action (Presbyterian, U. S. A.). V. this Bulletin. The Liquor Com- relate our nation in a helpful way to Chairman: Mrs. D. C. Turner mission appointed at the 1936 the development of a world commu- (Congregational-Christian) . Annual Meeting, to study the re- nity of law and of justice. lation of the Council of Women Nominating: Miss Edna M. Spring- for Home Missions to the Liquor 4. To extend the existing neutrality horn (Un. Lutheran). Problem presented a very com- legislation to include an embargo on prehensive report including the basic war materials to nations resort- Office Administration: Miss Ann follow i n g recommendations ing to war, in order to keep the Elizabeth Taylor (Presbyterian, adopted by the Federal Council United States from being drawn into U. S. A.). Biennial Meeting last December war, while at the same time it coop- and which were adopted by this erates with other nations for the Pension Plan: Mrs. Edmund B. Chaf- meeting. preservation of peace. fee (Presbyterian, U. S. A.). 1. That temperance education be 5. To work to secure national and Programs for Local Interdenomina- strongly reenforced in church and international control of the arms tional Groups: Mrs. Fred S. Ben- community and that denominational traffic. nett (Presbyterian, U. S. A.). and interdenominational boards and agencies charged with this responsi- 6. To extend stilI further the ad- Race Relations: Miss May Huston bility seek to cooperate in the publi- ministration's program of trade agree- (N. Baptist). cation of study courses for youth and ments and to facilitate through such of temperance literature; action the easing of economic tensions Study Courses: Miss Margaret Mars- throughout the world. ton (Protestant Episcopal). Vice- 2. That exploration be made as to Chairman: Miss Mabel M. Shei:o- the possibility of taking the profit out 7. To make clear the fact, by Presi- ley (Presbyterian, U. S. A.). of the manufacture and sale of liquor dential proclamation or otherwise, and the Research Department of the that the armed forces of our country World Day of Prayer: Mrs. Daniel Federal Council investigate and re- are not, under any circumstances, to A. Poling (N. Baptist). Vice- port on this aspect of the liquor be employed for the protection of the Chairman: Mrs. E. E. Cooley problem; economic or other material interests (Presoyterian, U. S. A.). of American nationals in other lands. 3. The securing and furnishing of Young People's Work: Rev. Frederick data which may be used by educa- 8. To take such steps as may be ad- R. Thorne, D.D., Chairman (Pres- tional agencies in presenting the sub- visable to insure the improvements of byterian, U. S. A.). V. Chair- ject; American-Japanese relations and, in man: Miss PrisciIIa Chase (Con- cooperation with other interested na- gregational-Christian) . 4. That the press of the country be tions, to labor for the restoration of urged to consider the harm done to a treaty structure for the Pacific. Joint Indian: Rev. Mark A. Dawber, themselves and their readers by liquor D.D., Chairman (Methodist Epis- advertising and, together with the 9. To place upon a strictly volun- copal). Vice-Chairman: Miss radio and the screen, be urged to elim- tary basis all military training in Helen M. Brickman (~ef'd in inate the emphasis on drinking habits; civil colleges and universities and to Am.). provide for the elimination of all mili- 5. That the Council of Women for tary training in high schools. ANNUAL MEETING Home Missions, in the interest of na- tional safety and welfare, most sol- That it make known this endorse- The Council of Women for emnly calI upon the people of this ment in a letter to the President of Home Missions and the Home land to arouse themselves to the men- the United States. Missions Council held their An- ace of this growing evil and by pernual Meeting January 11-14, sonal influence, by coIlective and polit- That it commend to the women of 1937, in Asbury Park, New Jer- ical action strive for such practical the Church through the denominasey. The first two days were measures of restraint and control as tional Boards the statement on peace given to the business sessions of are necessary for the protection of adopted by the Federal Council of the two Councils and the last society. Churches at its meeting on December two to the National Conference 11, 1936, asking them to study the on the City Church. The Fel- The above recommendations nine point program, included therein, lowship Supper which officially had been adopted at the Biennial to make known their attitude to the opened the Annual Meeting of Meeting of the Federal Council government of the United States the Council of Women for Home of Churches on December 11, and to the people of their communi- Missions was in every sense a ties, and to develop in their own and fellowship. Mrs. Millard Rob- 1936. other people's minds the will to peace. inson, President, presided. The program, informal in nature in- International Relations YOUNG PEOPLE'S WORK cluded greetings from fraternal delegates and then three-minute The Committee on Interna- It was reported that at the accounts given by a representa- tional Relations recommended: Conference of United Christian tive named by each constituent Youth Movement at Lakeside, Board describing the outstand- 1. To implement stilI further its Ohio, in the fall of 1936, it ing achievement in the home Good Neighbor policy with regard to had been decided to include mismission work of each board in sionary emphasis in the promo- 1936. Seldom has any feature tion of Christian Youth Building on an Annual Meeting program a New World, and material is done more to acquaint us with being prepared for this by the Youth Committee of the Mis- sionary Education Movement.

~i'==O=u=r=w=o=rl=d=–W=i=d=e=o==ut=lo=o=k==~ir

J1t A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events "

~. EDITED BY MRS. HENRIETTA H. FERGUSON, XENIA, OHIO .~~ LATIN AMERIOA Preaching Restricted quainted with us, told of what we were doing, .of the impor- Ouba's Oooperative School Rev. C. S. Detweiler, of the tance of Christianity for the American Baptist Board, made world. He ended with a cordial The c.ooperative idea in rural a recent visit tQ Central Amer- invitation for all to attend Chriseducation has been highly suc- ica, and reports that it is prac- tian services." cessful in San Miguel de los tically impossible for any m.ore Banos, Cuba, where a Presbyte- new missioOnaries to enter Costa Bibles, Testaments and tracts rian Mission has an experi- Rica and Guatemala. With SoOme in Chinese have been sent for to mental rural proj ect. For three difficulty the Protestant missioOns help follow up this important months ,the idea grew upon the in these countries have been able opening. community, and 25 adults and to secure replacements f.orthQse 22 children were found who whQ have left, but are not al- A More Liberal Order needed and wanted the school. l.owed to increase the staff. Evangelical missi.onaries have New thinking is observed in A thatch-:mofed house was been affected by new restrictions Colombia. Youth is impatient put up; the next move was to upon their work in town and with the old order and is workprovide a teacher. She will country. The g.overnment is re- ing for liberal principles in edumaintain her own home, and the quiring all pas,t.ors t.o secure a cation, and a relaxation of the young women of the community license, and .only thus are they inhibitions of the Roman Cathwill take turns living with her, permitted to hold services. olic Church. This attitude has in order to learn home making been reflected in a 71 per cent from her.-Monday Morning. -Watchman-Examiner. increase in the enrolment of Protestant Sunday schools since Ohristian Literature for The Ohinese in Guatemala 1932. Mexico Dr. E. M. Haymaker, editor Legislation recently passed by F.or the first time in the his- of Guatemala News, describes a the Colombian Par I i am en t tory .of evangelical wQrk in Mex- new work which the newly ap- marks the great changes now in ico, Sunday School Association pointed Chinese consul helped tQ progress. Three articles .of the publicati.ons are being sold in inaugurate. He is a Christian Constitution have been deleted: books,tores .other than their own. Chinese, while his wife is the Works by Kagawa, Compton, C. daughter of a Chinese pastor Article 38. The Roman Catholic F. Andrews and others are in and granddaughter of a former religion is the religion of the nation, prQcess of translatiQn. The first one. Both are deeply interested protected by the public authorities, reof a series of booklets intended in their Christian faith. spected as an essential element of sofor student evangelism appea,red cial order. early this year. There are about 742 Chinese in Guatemala at present. Article 41. Public instruction shall Prof. G. Baez Camargo be- be organized and directed in agreelieves that this literature pro- Dr. Haymaker felt that some- ment and harmony with the Catholic gram that is being carried .on thing ought to be done for them, religion. modestly, but effectively, will and talked over the matter with prove to be .one of the greatest Mr. LeQ, the consul, with the re- Article 55. Buildings destined for spiritual adventures in the his- sult that some .of the mission- worship, seminaries, and episcopal tory of the evangelizati.on of aries were invited tQ tea at the houses shall not be subject to taxa- Latin America. consulate to meet a group of tion, nor taken for any other service. Chinese. This gave the oppor- Personally, and through the tunity of meeting no less than -Indian Witness. SUPP.ort .of friends in England thirty of the principal Chinese and America, Prof. Camargo of the capital where there are Beginnings in New Field has launched a literature project some 200 located. "There was .of another type: a Christian no beating about the bush as to E. K. Pinn and D. Michell, quarterly especially dev.oted t.o the object of the tea," writes w.orkers f.or the Evangelical the intrQduction .of the GQspel Dr. Haymaker. "Mr. Leo, in UniQn of South America, have to students, professors., social explaining whQ we were and changed their field from Chinleaders and educated persons. why he wanted them to be ac- chellos to Talavera, Peru. Work at the £Qrmer place is being c.on- -W. S. S. A. News. [160 ] tinued by two young Peruvian Christians.

These missionaries find in Talavera a mQre .open-minded, liberal spirit, "but," they say, EUROPE Outlook in Spain "while it is a pleasant change Toward Church Unity Dr. Juan Orts Gonzalez benot to be called 'devil,' 'Or 'athe- lieves that now, more than ever ist' or to have people surrepti- In St. Paul's, London, a contio'usly looking f'Or our tails, in- ference was held last October, before, the Gospel of Jesus differenc·e and materialism can attended by delegates represent- Christ can be made known in prove as great enemies as fa- ing most of the church b'Odies 'Of Spain even to devout Catholics, naticism. Many people are glad the W'Orld. Plans, are being de- if appropriate efforts are made. to have us here to visit the P'O'Or vised f'Or the cl'Oser drawing toand sick, but do not want to be gether 'Of all denominations. A He writes: disturbed in their life 'Of im- great pageant is to be held in m'Orality, 0 r m'Oney – making, London at a date to be fixed, the "A few months before the revdrink or other besetting sin." background to which will be a olution began, the Bible Society choir 'Of 1,500 voices. Preceding succeeded in publishing adver- Encouraging aspects in the this dem'Onstration, which will .tisements in the two great prochange are improved health, be broadcast 'Over a world-wide letarian papers of Madrid, El friendliness of the majority, network by the British Br'Oad- Socialista and Claridad, with more level c'Ountry so that they casting Corporation, two world very satisfactory respons,e in the can walk farther, and the coop- conferences will be held, one in eration 'Of teachers in all'Owing Oxford,and the other in Edin- way of sales. Shortly afterthe children ,to attend prayers. burgh, the object of which will wards, Claridad published an These children have mem'Orized be the removal 'Of all barriers article undoubtedly written by many hymns and passages of which prevent unity. an evangelical, in which it was Scripture. Lantern meetings, ;stated ,that ,the Gospel of Jesus with slides 'Of the Life 'Of Christ, -Alliance Weekly. prove helpful. Christ is the greatest basis for Church Union in France formulating the just claims of -South America. the worker; and the editor, a leading Marxist, in presenting the article said: 'This is a vital topic; and we invite all 'Our Unity in the Reformed Church readers who can write to take Religion in Argentina's of France seems about to be part in the discussion of it.'

Schools achieved. The Synods of the Scarcely a day passes in which Reformed Evangelical, and of the leading papers, in criticising The law in Argentina provides the Reformed Church have for the hierarchy and the fascists that, in respect to religi'On, some time been working toward who claim to interpret Chrisschools are neutral ground, so union; the acceptance of a com- tianity better than anyone else, that "religious teaching may mon confession of faith had, do not quote the example and the only be given in the public however, yet to be achieved. words of Christ in refutation of schools by authorized ministers Last June, this was accepted by their claim. of the various cults to children both synods. It is probable that of their own c'Ommunions before the regional synods will accept "The greatest proof which I, or after school hours." This has the new statutes in the spring personally, have experienced of hitherto saUsfied Christians, of 1937 and that a Synod consti- the receptiveness 'On the part of Jews, Moslems, Buddhists and tuted by the first united church the Spanish people to religion 'Other religi'Ous bodies who con- will take place in 1937 or 1938. has been affol'ded by ,the results The question will arise as to of my newspaper evangelism. tribute their share 'Of taxes f'Or whether the two faculties of the- With the generous help of the the upkeep 'Of the schools. The ology of Paris and Montpellier United Society for Christian Litpresident of the National Coun- should be united. erature (London) and of the cil on Education recently de- Methodist Board of F'Oreign Misclared that as a religious back- During 1935 the Societe Cen- sions (U. S. A.), I have already ground for moral teaching was trale Evangelique worked in 40 been able to publish more than necessary in the schoo~s, the law thirty articles of this type in El should be altered so that Roman departments of France; in 13 Popular of Ma.laga. Several Catholic clergy might give in- of these it was the only Prot- thousand persons have read struction during school hours in estant body represented. The those articles, and a great many Sunday schools showed prog- of the readers have seen Christ all public schools. Non-Catholic ress, instructing 1,600 scholars, and His Gospel in a different children would have the alterna- and of these 419 were confirmed Cay, evidenced by the personal tive of receiving any instruction and received as members of the testim'Onies I have received." in morals and civics. The pro- Reformed Church. In different posal is regarded as an attempt churches 370 new members were Must Not Pray for Hitler received. The difficult task of to reintroduce 'sedarian instruc- keeping spiritual contact with A very curious thing has haption in public schools, and the scattered French Protestants Argentine press is critical, hold- was vigorously maintained, and pened in Germany. The Scriping that the existing law is the this Society is now maintaining tures enjoin prayer for those least discriminating towards all 70 evangelization centers. classes 'Of the community. who rule over us, but no one is -The World Today. allowed to pray for Hitler. Re-

cently a pastor was censured for church and state are separate the sweet potatoes must be uprooted praying that this ruler might be and in which Freethought is ac- or all would die of hunger! Meangranted "guidance to his spirit tive. Affirmative answers are while Gure Christians were praying so he may submit humbly." This said to have come from Mexico for rain; they also prayed for the was interpreted by the Minister and the Spanish Loyalist Gov- witch-doctor's soul. of Culture as an implied criti- ernment. It is also reported that cism of Hitler's policies! a Russian :£actory has received That night the Lord bountifully an- large orders for life-size statues swered the prayers and sent an -The Presbyterian. of Christ, Moses, Mohammed, abundance of rain! No more has been the Pope, Luther and others to said about our potatoes. Protestantism in Austria be used ,as targets at shooting contests. Lagos Cathedral Evangelical Christi1anity continues to increase in Aus,tria, AFRICA After a brief furlough in but more slowly than in 1934 Great Britain, Dr. F. Melville when the movement was partly To Educate the Blind Jones, Bishop of Lagos, Nigeria, due to a new law obliging every has returned to continue buildcitizen to join ,some church. The The first steps to assist the ing the cathedral, which he new members are eager to learn; blind in Egypt, of whom there undentook on his appointment and as the Pr'Otestant churches are a great many, were taken in 1919. Dr. Jones and his wife in Austria insist ,that candidates by the missionaries. Their suc- have between them spent ninety for membership shall receive a cess has apparently stirred the years in Nigeria, and it is their course of Bible instruction, the Moslems to similar efforts. Al earnest desire to see the catheknowledge of the Word of God Ahramannounces that the dral finished before they retire. made a great impression on their Sheikh of the Azhar proposes The chancel, transepts, lantern hearts. Many have been soundly the instruction of blind students tower, and one hay 'Of the nave converted, and their testimony in the elements of mathematics, are completed. Of the £18,000 has brought in 'Others. reading and writing. A scheme which it has cost, all but £1,000 has emerged to form an i<Az_ has been contributed by the Af- -Alliance Weekly. haric-Institute of the Blind." rican people of the diocese. To The Braille method will be used complete the building, £4,000 ad- Conference in Athens and the necessary educational ditional are required. appliances will be ordered from Twenty..,six Greek Orthodox abroad. -Tke World Today. -Life of Faith. theologians recently held a conference in Athens. Three were Rain and Potatoes Active German Mission from Jugoslavia, three fr'Om Bul~ria, seven from Roumania, Miss H. Griffin, of the Sudan Bethel Mission was founded six from Greece, four from the Interior Mission, writes: in Berlin 50 years ago when Ger- Russian Theological Academy man colonies were acquired in in Paris and two from the The millet was ready for trans- Africa. Since 1891, the Mission Polish Orthodox Church. The planting but there was no rain, and has worked in the hinterland, <:Ecumenical Patriarch was rep- if rain did not come soon, the grain and in the Usambara mountains, resented. would die. Several sacrifices were Tanganyika, and ,after 1907 in made and chickens killed but no rain Ruanda. After the war the Papers were read on church fell. The witch doctor was called and Mandate for the latter region and state, the possibility of an- after much talk and noise, water was was given to Belgium and the other <:Ecumenic Council, social taken out of a hole in a rock which Belgian Protestant Missionary work and missions, biblical criti- is believed to control the rain. They Society is at work there today. cism, ,and church culture. These threw the water in the air, calling, papers will be published by the "Send more rain!" Beer was then The Bethel Mission has 18 Athens faculty. The Bucharest poured into the hole, but still no rain chief-stations and 169 ou.t-sta- Orthodox theological faculty will came. tions, 10 native pastors, 339 men lay plans for the next conference and 59 women helpers, and 17,- to be held in 1939. In the in- Finally five chickens were brought 945 Christians. In the 174 vilterim an effort will be made to out, and with them rested the fate of lage schools and two intermeestablish a joint magazine for our sweet potatoes! Gure people eat, diate schools for boys and two the promotion of theological but never plant sweet potatoes because for girls there are 8,501 p"l~pils. scholarship throughout the Or- of evil spirits. When we planted ours In the Bukoba field the mission thodox Church. on the compound, we were told they is experiencing a remarkable re- would bring :floods and spoil the vival among the heathen. .New Antireligious Treaties harvest. Until now the rains had been groups constantly offer them- normal and nothing had been said, selves for bapUsm and the' ca- The Soviet Government is pro- but with the scarcity of moisture pacities of the few missionaries posing to draw up antireligious things were different! The – five are strained to the u.tmos.t. There treaties with other governments, chickens were to be the deciding fac- are two medical centers. It has according to press reports from tor in revealing the cause of the also the only nerve hospital con- Leipzig. This pact is to be of- drought. ducted by a mission, with a cafered to all countries where pacity for 100 patients, as well As each chicken was beheaded the as a mental depar:tment. Alto- witch-doctor said, "If the sweet pota- toes are not the cause, rise up in the air, if they are the cause, lie quietly on the ground." The chickens re- mained quiet, conclusive proof that

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

gether the mission, including Bantu S. S. Convention Scho'0ls. Plans have been made doctors, teachers and other mis- The first Bantu S. S. CQnven- to extend this in 1937. sionaries, has 92 German work- tion was held at Port Elizabeth, The publicatiQn '0f an Arabic ers. December 14-16. The meetings bQok of f'0lk songs has helped tQ Spain and the Cameroun were in the nature of a workers' introduce grQUp singing, as conference and schQQl of meth- Arabic music is almost whQlly Civil war in Spain has reached ods. Bible ,teaching through the a S'0lo perfQrmance. A Syrian medium of the Sunday schoQl w'0rker was able last year to con- West Africa. The colony of adapted to Bantu life and cQndi- duct a school which did not re- tions, was discussed. Lectures, quire any '0utside financial help. Spanish Guinea, which lies just She used discarded dress ma- demonstrations and discussiQns terial to make aprQns and cutsouth tofofthWe eFsrtenAcfhricCaamPreersobuyn~ dealing with Bantu child nature, tings of bolts of strong muslin is par preparation of the lessQn, class tQ make sacks fQr carrying books teaching and Sunday s c h 0 01 tQ the school. She used worn terian Mission. In Ootober, the out tQwels tQ make baby bibs management were given; also and had the boys dOl carpentry seapQrt town of Rata was shelled practical demonstratiQns, with repair for schQol benches, mak- ing use 'Of wood already on hand. by gunboat fire. Refugees, from Bantu children, of methQds of All Hterature is furnished by the worship, instruction and expres- Central Committee. the coast fled across the border sion work. The meetings were open to Natives of all denQmina- Newman School of Missions intQ French territory. For three tions.

days truck loads of Spaniards -South African Outlook.

came to Elat and to the near-by government station of EbQlowa.

MOIst 'Of them had fled without having time tQ collect any per- sQnal belQngings, and American and French residents had tQ sup- ply ,them with clothing, fQod and Imagine This! A writer in the Near East sleeping accQmmQdations until Bulletin remarks that "if Palessome place could be prepared for Zulu peQple sang and ap- tine has the deepest valley and them. Christian mission work plauded at a meeting where has gone on without interrup- mQney was solicited fQr missiQn- the saltest sea, she has added to tiQn. -Presbyterian Banner. ary work! Rev. H. A. Stick had this distinction by having the been instructed by the Zulu An- Leprosy in Nigeria nual Conference tQ stir up inter- longest strike on record," adding est amQng Zulu churches in mis- that this gives Christian forces .A r~cent report on leprosy in sionary work among the Batswa, opportunity for prQmoting rec- NIgeria recommended that leper the Shangaans and the Chopes colonies should be the care of in Inhambande, East Africa. onciliation. Despite the strike, missions as far as possible. The SubscriptiQns were made rang- Administration of the Northern ing frQm 10 cents to $30. Many Newman School of Missions in Provinces has, therefore, ap- gave $5, which is the equivalent proved a scheme for the exten- in an American wa,ge earner's Jerusalem has not lessened its sion of the work of missions in mQney tQ $25 'Or $30. Even a enrolment; the total was 8l. this direction. The Sudan In- "heathen"-with three wivesterior Mission will undertake gave $5.50 and promised $2.50 Among the students last year the chief responsibility fQr lep- more for his trio of spouses. was a Japanese, Rev. Y. H. rosy work in the north; other There are just two ordained Af- SacQn, whQ is preparing to sucsocieties accepting increased rican ministers in a field 200 ceed tQ his father's Old Testaparticipation are the Church miles long by 50 wide, trying to Missionary Society, American serve 90 churches. The rest 'Of ment chair in the Japanese Baptist Mission and the Sudan the work has tQ be dQne by un- MethQdist TheolQgical Seminary United Mission. educ,ated laymen. near TokYQ. In Southern Nigeria, a new -Overseas News. The student grQUp also inleper colony has been opened to accommodate 1,000 patients. cludes tWQ German missionaries from Egypt, two from the Dan- ish Mislsion in Aden; others from India and Mor'0cco. Fif- teen missionaries in all took ex- aminations in person, and one by corresPQndence.

The Government of Nigeria, Na- WESTERN ASIA INDIA-BURMA-SIAM tive Administrations, the British Empire Leprosy Relief As- Schools in Syria sociation, the Mission to Lepers, The Near East Bulletin lists World Y. W. C. A. Conference all have shared the cost. The encQuraging signs in educational When it is remembered that Church Missionary Society has WQrk in Syria. One factQr in the first organization of women, provided the doctor. The Sul- promoting efficiency was the "The Female Sense Society,"

tan of Sokoto, spiritual head of mimeogmphed material sen t formed in 1807, had to have a Islam in West Africa, has agreed frQm America tQ help the teach- man to count their mQney and to the opening of a dispensary ers. The second factor was the offer their prayers, it is clear at Chafe, in the province of So- great improvement in Teacher that the Y. W. C. A. Regional koto, by two young Christian Training Schools ; and a third C'0nference in Ceylon was a Africans.-The World Today. has been the VacatiQn Bible milestone. In 'Order tQ ensure

more Far East participation, Hindu Temples Opening Generous Hill Women this conference was held in Cey- The doors of Hindu temples The Hill women in Assam, lon instead of in Europe, as are gradually being 'Opened to who have very little money, usual. The subjects discussed Depr,essed Classes, and the re- through their donations of rice, were: cent proclamation of the Ma- saved a handful at a time from 1. My country as a background to the haraja of Travancore, already the daily meal, are able to sup- work of the Y. W. C. A. referred to in these columns, port not only an evangelist, but which gives to all Hindus the to start little village schools. 2. The place and contribution of These are often taken up by the women. right to enter and worship in all mission and raised to a higher state-eontrolled tem,ples', is the 3. The message of the Y. W. C. A. in latest evidence of the growth of status. asiatic countries. sentiment supporting the de- Women in the Telugu field, 4. The problem of international rela- tions.

5. Leadership. mand of the Depressed Classes. after hearing of the cut which Among other helpful lectures Gandhi insists that it is for caste the Home Board had to make, were those of Miss Anna Rice, Hindus to right this wrong, and how their mission was try- National Secretary for U. S. A. whether the Depressed Classes ing to meet the situation, met to- She said: make the demand or not. gether for a half hour prayer "We are faced with two spe- The action of the Travancore service. Then one woman said cial dangers: (1) That we be- state will make it difficult for it wasn't enough to pray, and come an instrument for agita- other Hindu states to refuse to tors, and drift with the tide make similar proclamation. If gave a jewel worth Rs. 75. away from our purpose. (2) temples in South India, strong- Others followed till they had That we retreat from the prob- hold of untouchability and Hindu lems of our environment and fail orthodoxy, are opened, the strug- raised in cash and pledges nearly to make our spiritual inspiration gle is as good as won. Rs. 200, and voted to make it productive." Rs. 500, to send to the Home -Indian Witness. Board as an expression of ap- In the session on "Findings" preciation. In the News -Baptist Missionary Reit was agreed that: Any reputable citizen of Bom- view of India.

We must feel individual responsi- bay would read the average Sheep Without a Shepherd bility for humanity's victims. American daily with horror, and would probably be filled with In the little town of Jampur, Religion to be effective must develop pride that in India, papers do evil was so rampant that the a practical program of work that not flaunt tales of gangdom, little group of Christians were truly reflects present-day needs. robberies, murders and kidnap- sorely beset. There had been no ping. ordained minis·ter there for We need to rid ourselves of violent three years, not even a village emotions and hateful impulses and However, one may read in a reader for a year and a half. fear; we need to have tolerance and Bombay paper such items as Dr. Noel Fletcher writes: Some respect sincere experiment; we must this: of the group had been won by strive for racial amity and the pres- their Moslem neighbors into the ervation and creation of beauty. "Mr. S. K., a prominent young citi- fold of Islam. "Dr. Miss Sa- zen of M., was found on Tuesday, We need an affirmation of individ- drowned in a well near his home. His ual Christian faith. We must not only believe but allow truth to function in our lives. Personalities are more important oldest son was very ill with a fever hiba," said the faithful old than programs or methods. which seemed hopeless. So the father sweeper at the rest house where -Malaysia Message. had gone to visit a famous holy man we stayed, "please will you write and ask what might be done to save Thirty-Year Service Pins his son. The holy man told him that the name of my padre on a slip if there should be some other death of paper for me? Sometimes a The U nit e d Presbyterian in his family the god would be ap- sahib comes here, and when he Board rec'Ognizes the service of peased and spare the life of his boy. knows I am a Christian he asks So the father decided to give his own me who is my padre. For three missionaries who have served 30 life for that of his son." years since Padre Chambers years 'Or more by a service pin, Sahib left, I have not known, consisting of a cross and crown Or another like this: and I feel ashamed." .

of dull gold, set with amethysts "L. B. was sentenced to be hanged -C. M. S. Outlook. and pearls, surrounded by a in Poona on Wednesday for the murwreath of laurel leaves. At the der of his son. It seems he had been Burmese Buddhism annual meeting of the Sialkot told that there was a treasure buried in his land. He was in desperate need Mission, Misses Nancy Hadley, of money, so he went to a holy man to Mary Kyle and Flora Jameson ask how he might find the treasure. Burma is the most .actively 'If you will sacrifice your child to the were each presented with this goddess you will find the gold.' So, Buddhist country in the world; thirty-year service pin. Thirty- during the night while the mother was one might say Burma and Bud- asleep the father stole the child and dhismare synonymous, and one such pins have now been killed him." there is no sign of weakening in awarded. What was done about the holy this religion. Every day one -Women's Missionary men? Nothing. may see monks on their journey- Magazine. -Western India Notes. ings. The proportion of monks

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

to the population is said to be 1 language of those who are study- "Materia medica," he says, in 30. A boy is known as a ing. During the rainy months "as practiced in ancient Chinese "little animal" till he has been of July to October, I spent every fashion, is a thing to behold. to the monastery school for a spare moment translating med- Only three major possessions while; then he is called "a little ical literature. Ten men began were needed by an enterprising man." That happens in the life the course in November, 1935; fellow in order to set himself up of every boy. Village boys come nine of these finished the last of in the profession of Chinese daily to Buddhist schools to be March. The course is so ar- quackery; a bland and scholarly taught reading, writing and re- ranged that those who spend countenance, a collection of alligion, and in consequence lit- only one year will have a good leged drugs, and a lot of nerve. eracy is higher in Burma than practical knowledge with which Add to these a mortar and pesin any other province of India, they can go to their villages and tle, a cutting board, several and religion is stronger. begin the long tedious process of sharp knives, a bottle of river teaching the ignorant villagers water and place to hawk his -The Layman. the value of modern medicine. wares, and the quack was ready Three more years of study will for business. Training Kachin Leaders be offered to those who really desire to take up medicine for a The modest ethics of the mod- A triennial Leadership Train- life work." ern medical profession were ing Institute for Kachins was unknown to him. He advertised held near Bhamo, one of the -Moody Institute Monthly. that he could cure anything, and Kachin mission stations in upper to his credit it must be stated Burma, last year. Over 5,000 Literacy in Siam that he at least tried. He was Kachins assembled for the meet- all things unto all men, that is, ings, some traveling for twenty The government has under- to all afflicted men, and to his days, many on foot. Kachins taken to create a literate nation shop flocked the sick, the lame, are giving liberally in their sup- within ten years, and teachers the halt and the blind. The maport of this leadership training are at a premium. Training jority of his patients survived, institute. Eleven young people classes at Wattana Wittaya, and those not too seriously affinished the two years' course Presbyterian Academy for Girls, fected got well, as they would and have gone out into the work. cannot begin to supply the de- have under any circumstances. Many of the young peo,ple of the mand. Refusing to send out school go into the villages round half-trained teachers, they have Church "Comes of Age" about each week-end and the started a practice s c h 001, many changes taking place tes- attended by 60 youngsters from In a letter to the Board, a tify to their earnestness and ef- neighborhood families, teaching Presbyterian missionary tells fectiveness. them the regular government how a church in Nanking "came curriculum of studies, and do- of age." -Watchman-Examiner. mestic science as well. "For some time, we have been Doctor Multiplies His Talent Wattana Wittaya is located on working on a policy whereby, the Sam Sap canal, the "canal beginning with April, 1936, any Dr. Richard S. Buker has, been of 10,000 mosquito smarts." The church which could not take full pioneering in North Burma long name means Academy of Pro- responsibility for its pastor's enough to get his bearings in gressive Knowledge. The stu- salary was going to have to give the matter of making his life dents take the Red Cross exam- him up for such part of his time count. He tells how he plans to inations, Girl Scout tests, and as they did not pay for. So the mUltiply his ministry: the temperance pledge. Two mission was preparing to use Christian Endeavor societies, part of the time of Pastor Dju, "The tremendous call of thou- one f:or seniors, one for juniors, of the Second Presbyterian sands of villages about me, which meet regularly. Church of Nanking, but we have not the slightest chance of reckoned without the church receiving even simple medical On Sundays groups of stu- people. The elders and deacons care during sickness, continually dents visit the homes of the peo- had a meeting and decided that bears upon my mind. I am the ple living along the canal, for the church could not afford to only doctor with a medical de- whose children the academy let any part of Pastor Dju's time gree who can possibly go to these maintains a day school of 40 go into other work, and they villages. My great desire is to pupils. -Monday Morning. went out among the church spread myself so as to be of members to raise his entire salmore value. The only way for CHINA-TIBET ary. In a short time they anme to do this is to teach others nounced to the Presbytery and what I know. The Passing of the Quack the mission that the church was prepared to call Pastor Dju as "A building for the teaching is Dr. W. H. Dobson, South its full-time pastor, completely practically completed; now there China Presbyterian missionary, supported by the church." must be funds to feed the stu- thinks that with the passing of dents, and provide them with the cure-all quacks, one of the books and incidentals. There most colorful institutions of old must be medical literature in the China will become history.

Taking the Gospel to Prisoners meating Chinese life, and cites hope that it may contribute to- a number of them. Here are wards a larger understanding of A Scandinavian missionary three: the problem, and help all those at Changan, Shensi, writes in serving in the rural church to China's Millions of opportuni- A well-to-do young Chinese couple, plan more intelligently and acties for prison preaching. so wealthy that they did not know tively for the future. In Kiangsi what else to seek in life, decided to the provincial government has In answer to a long time of prayer commit suicide together. They hired adopted a three-year plan to and waiting, a new door finally opened a room in one of the large new hotels carryon work along four linesfor Gospel work among the men pris- in Shanghai, and turned on the radio to stimulate village self-governoners in the provincial prison. As to drown the noise of their suicide. A ment, to organize the farmers mentioned in earlier letters, the work Gospel appeal happened to ring forth, for self-protection; to develop among the women prisoners started and both were soundly converted. rural education; and to raise long ago. There are not very many people's economic level, for the women, and the matron is an earnest Many missionaries have stopped at realization of the self-govern- Christian, which made an opening Wing On's large department store in ment, self -dependence, selfeasier. The situation is different with Shanghai. Among other goods ex- supply and self-protection of the the men, for there are over three hun- ported from that shop are hundreds of rural population. dred in number, which makes gath- tons of soda crackers. Under the lid ering for meetings more risky. 'I'heir of each tin is a slip of paper, neatly -Chinese Recorder. officials are non-Christians and, though printed in red characters, which very friendly, could not be expected reads: "Jesus said, I am the bread of For Neglected Seamen to show any hearty interest in Gospel life: he that cometh to me shall never work. But a visit to the prison by hunger; and he that believeth on me Although a great deal has been members of our Field CommitteE: was shall never thirst." done for seamen in other nawell received, resulting in an official tions, Chinese seamen had been permission to hold meetings for men A little outpost was too poor to neglected until Mr. B. J. Tan, every Saturday. Brother Swenson, raise a regular preacher's salary. An who worked among seamen in the Bible-school teacher, and others excellent evangelist and teacher, England for 20 years, organized take part in these meetings. Several known among us as Nathanael, of- a Seamen's Mis,sion in Hongof the prisoners have already decided fered to go and help that little com- kong three years ago. Mr. H. for Christ. munity last winter, without any stip- R. Wells describes this work in ulation as to salary. Just inside the the Chinese Recorder. New Ways for Old door of the little mud chapel two large barrels were placed. Into one of The mission is making good prog- Here is a story told in the these, contributions of grain were ress since the opening of the new United Church Record of Can- poured; and into the other, cabbages, headquarters last May. The men are ada. onions or turnips were dropped-and glad to have a place to rest, read one day a new gown was dropped for books, newspapers and magazines, Canton's old execution ground is Nathanael! write letters and play games while being used for better purposes in these they are waiting on land for situadays. Its most frequent use is for Christianity or Communism? tions. athletic meets; but Easter Sunday saw it serving another purpose still The problem of livelihood is Sunday evening service is well atmore remote from its original use. receiving increased attention. tended since the opening: some of the Soon after sunrise people oegan to The New Life Movement was men join us in our daily prayer meetstream from all parts of the city- quickly followed by the People's ings, morning and evening. We visit some in buses, some in cars, some in Economic Reconstruction Move- the boarding houses once a week, and rickshas, and some on foot-towards ment, which is devoted largely ships alongside the wharves, carrying the East Parade ground, and by half to the welfare of farmers, since The Word of Life, cheer and comfort, past eight the scene which in former 80 per cent of China's popula- and distrii:>ute cards with "Golden days witnessed many a criminal pass tion belongs to that class. There Texts." Not merely the men themon without a ray of hope, was re- has been a striking increase in selves, but their wives and children sounding to the voices of five thousand the number of cooperatives; the are helped when the men are inpeople singing "Jesus Christ is rben Government and several banks structed in the principles of Christian today, Alleluia." The singing was led are trying to help the farmer morality. by three bands from the Pooi Ying, by extending loans, and there is Pooi Ching and Ling Naan schools, a national bureau for the im- Tibet to Modernize and by a choir of five hundred young provement of rice and wheat and men and women gathered together a central bureau for the im- Gordon Enders, son of a Presfrom the various churches. The provement of cotton. The prob- byterian missionary to India, as hymns were well known and suitable lem is how to translate plans advisor to the grand lama of to the occasion, so that the huge con- into action, because of wide- Tibet will have an important gregation was able to follow whole- spread illiteracy and the peas- role in the modernizing program heartedly the lead given by the choir ant's suspicion of new methods. planned for that country, schedand bands. Dr. T. Z. Koo's message The alternative, "Christianity or uled to start this spring. was short and to the point, empha- Communism," is stirring Chr-issizing the radical change in the lives tian forces to pay more attention Century-old stores of gold will of Christ's disciples as unimpeach- to community welfare. be removed from mountain monable evidence of the resurrection. By asteries and used to build highthe help of a loud speaker, the whole A start in this direction has ways, railroads, and establish assembly, accommodated on tiers of been made by Nanking Theolog- air lines and modern communiseats arranged in a large quadrangle, ical Seminary which has begun cation systems, according to Mr. was able to hear every word. a study of 100 representative rural churches in Ghina, in the The Gospel Spreading Life China's Millions says that many instances may be quoted to prove that the Gospel is per-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Enders. The grand lama does integrate it into the life of the and rural evangelism in pubnot plan to modernize Tibet in- nation. lishing a weekly magazine called dustrially, although power plants Severance Medical School in The Christian Herald. will be estahlished on mountain Seoul, Korea, was the first misstreams. He wishes to give his sionary hospital to be thus in- Social Gospel in Korea people certain advantages of the corporated. -Living Church. An article in a recent Chris- tian Advocate shows how new modern world, without import- Church Union in Japan ideals are influencing an ancient ing the industrial world's prob- country. A popular type of lems. The lama will try to es- The National Christian Coun- town work is the Well Babies' tablish a spiritual nation intent cil was instructed by the All- Clinic which not only looks after on keeping peace. Japan Christian Conference held last November to lend its good the baby but also influences the -Dayton News.

JAPAN-CHOSEN offices in furthering the work of mother and ultimately the whole the Commission on C h u r c h home. It also acts as a link be- tween the sick mother and the Population Increase Union appointed by that body. hospital. The provision of clean, Japan's population increased That Commission has been at standardized food for babies has 1,100,000 in 1935, according to a work during the year on the resulted in a revolutionary report from Tokyo. The aver- change in child nurture and age rate of increase has been questions of the form of or- gives prospects of lessening the from 800,000 to 900,000. The ganization for a United Church, notoriously high child mortality. birth rate for 1935 was 31 for The soy bean may be the means 1,000, while the death rate was a creedal statement and pro- of providing a cheap, nutritious, 16 for 1,000. The number of cedure. It has drawn up a premarriages was 556,730, showing liminary report, to be presented clean, milk substitute. an increase of 44,076 over the to the Council's Annual Meeting, It was once believed that Koprevious year. The number of expressing the following concludivorces was 48,528, or 0.70 per rean women could not study, 1,000, showing a decrease of 82 sions: That the United Church sing or play. Now one of the in actual number and of 0.01 in in i.ts organization does not the rate from 1934. necessarily require the realiza- departments of the women's col- tion of organic union, but the lege in Seoul trains Korean -China Weekly Review. adoption of a system of govern- women to be music teachers. Another early belief was that ment whieh will respect the Korean girls could not and autonomy of the various com- munions. That it is advisable to adopt the creed in the proposed would not take part in games. Faculty All Christian draft for Church Union – pre- Now the girls' college has a Wilmina School for Girls in sented last year – but incor- physical director, and the new porating the Apostles' Creed. plant includes a well-equipped Osaka is rejoicing because the That headquarters should be set gymnasium. This same girls' principal and everyone of the up in the center of the Empire; faculty of more than 60 J ap- college has a department of home that steps. should be taken to co- economics where an attempt is anese teachers are Christians. ordinate and unify the husiness being made to apply the benefits The number of students in- offices of .the various denomina- of science to the household econcreased from 450 in 1930 to tions and then advance by coop- omy of Korean homes. 1,060 in 1936. Each year about 100 girls from this school are erating on a nation-wide scale to In short, it has been proved baptized, with the full consent of bring about gradually a walking in many ways that Korean wom- and working together; that any en can do everything that women their families. -Monday Morning. new evangelistic campaigns, do anywhere. either within or outside Japan, Charter for Medical Center should be planned on a coopera- Carrying On in Korea tive basis through the above- Permission has been granted mentioned central headquarters; A letter from Mr. and Mrs. by the Minister of Home Affairs and that in order to nourish the Harry J. Hill, of Pyengyang, to incorporate St. Luke's Inter- faith of absentee church mem- says that in spite of the fact that national Medical Center under bers facilities should be made never in their 19 years of serv- Japanese law. The college of for the passing of church mem- ice have the forces of darkness nursing had previously been in- bers from one communion to an- been so determined as now, corporated, but the medical other. center as a whole had, from its doors are wide open to evanearly history, continued to exist C. E. in Chosen as a private mission enterprise. gelism ; and never a finer group The institution had grown to Nearly 1,300 Christian En- of volunteer workers. In Ocsuch proportions that those in deavor Societies, with 35,500 tober, 117 girlsoome for the members, are inactive operation Junior Bible Institute, one from Manchuria.

charge of the work felt that this in Chosen. The national C. E. The name of the all-year Bible step was necessary to safeguard Union is joining with the de- School for Women has been its future, and more thoroughly partments of religious education changed to Women's Biblical

Seminary. Calls for its grad- tion and wider knowledge, to under the transforming influence uates come from all over Korea, better material living and more of the one Bible saved from the 'and from J apanand Manchuria. widespread commercial activi- "Bounty," as it was taught to the These young women are leading ties, and best of all to better women and children by Young many to Christ in factories, hos- moral and spiritual progress. and Adams, after all the rest pitals, street chapels, homes and had been murdered and killed. government schools. The Evangelical Church in the Today we thank God for His Philippine Islands has helped Word, which was ,the means of The Institute for Blind and the people on their way by en- saving us from heathenism, and Deaf Boys now admits little deaf lightening their minds and com- doubtless cannibalism. . . . girls, as there is no other place forting their souls through the in Korea where they may learn Gospel of the Christ who said, "In your letter you ask to read and write, and use the "I am the way, the truth and the whether the National Bible Sosign language. This work is not life; no man cometh to the Fa- ciety of Scotland might have the under the Mission, but under the ther, but by me." privilege of s.ending a further Korean General Assembly. Fif- supply, if there was need. That teen blind and 20 deaf and dumb Rhine Mission Jubilee offer is unsurpassingly kind, for are taught by four part-time which we would return grateful blind teachers, one deaf and The Rhine Mission last year thanks. . . . Many of the older dumb and four part..,time sighted commemorated the 75th anniver- folk need large-print Bibles. teachers; with a blind evan- sary of its work in the Batak Our popUlation now numbers gelist calling regularly in homes country, Dutch Indies. The 215, including children who canof the blind. climax of the occasion was the not yet read. I leave it to you unveiling, in the Church square to send as many copies as you ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC at Siporok, of a monument 20 think advisable. I would be very feet high, a four-sided, trun- grateful also for a Teacher's "On Their Way" cated pyramid, which bears the Bible in large size, also one for inscription in Batakian on a my nephew, Richard Christian, Rev. Charles N. Magill, D.D., marble plate; "The Lord hath who is in need of one." was recently asked what he done great things for us, therethought was the most marked fore are we rejoiced." The New Britain's Village Schools material change that had taken monument stands on the spot place in the Philippines since where the first meeting of the In "Man in the Making," the his arrival in 1905, and he Rhine Mission was held. The author, R. R. Marett, defines replied: "Improvement in trans- Batak church is now numbered savagery as "intellectual confuportation." Facilities for trans- among the greatest and most im- sion combined with physical disportation have increased perhaps portant native churches of the comfort." Pioneer missionaries one thousand per cent. The world. to New Britain some 60 years rough mountain trails and the ago, Dr. George Brown and his dusty quasi roads of the dry sea- Bibles for Pitcairn Island band of Fijians, found people son and the mudholes, called who fitted ,this definition, but it roads, of the wet season, have The story of "The Mutiny on can no longer be truthfully apbecome first class highways over the Bounty" is well known. By plied to the majority in these w h i c h speeding automobiles, the reading of a Bible, which islands. busses and trucks carry multi- had been carried ashore from the tudes of people and the products ship, the whole of the island was The first aim of the mission of the country. Thirty years ago changed, and became a moral has been to assist the natives to travel was on foot, or on ponies, community in which the Gospel a right relationship to God; secor in two-wheeled rigs. This created an atmosphere of love ondly, to develop character and was slow, uncomfortable and ex- and peace. In 1848, when the citizenship; and thirdly, to enpensive. People did not travel news came to Britain of this re- able them to acquire those skills much as compared with the markable tllansformation, the which will assist them to protravel of today. Now there are Edinburgh Bible Society sent vide for their material welfare. thousands of miles of splendid out fifty Bibles for the benefit of New ethical standards and new roads and tens of thousands of the colonists. motives have been supplied as motor-vehicles in operation. old ones disintegrated. Village Every year millions of pas- In 1935, the Secretary of the schools have also worked toward sengers are "on their way." National Bible Society of Scot- raising standards of health. land, sent a letter ,to the descend- This includes such training in Within three decades there ants of the mutineers. Extracts practical gaI'dening as will enhave been introduced and put from the reply sent by Mrs. sure a more consistent and varinto effective operation "ways Edgar Christian, wife of a fifth ied supply of food. Often a naand means" to help the people generation descendant of Flether tive community is sick largely not only in traveling over high- Christian of the "Bounty," will because of improper diet. ways, but in progress to better be of interest: "We raIl know government, to better laws and how the scenes of vileness, The future of these mission quicker justice, to fuller educa- cruelty, and murder gave way schools is uncertain. Either the Administration will gradually

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

establish its own elementary study and to aid Sunday school from pastors to whom a quesschools, in which case the mis- teachers and officers in their tionnaire had been sent. sion system will no longer be re- church work, by making five quired; or the Administration tours. Five teams, visiting 72 In response to the first queswill assist in maintaining schools high schools and 58 churches, tion: "Have you had or do you of greater efficiency than is pos- reached more than 5,000 church plan some evangelistic effort sible with limited financial re- members and 6,000 high school during the present c h u r c h sources. students. -Monday Morning. year?" In response to this ques- tion, 655 ministers answered -Missionary Review of For Better Movies yes; fifty-five answered no; and Australia. eleven did not answer. The "Legion of Decency" sug- NORTH AMERICA gests some restrictions to insure In response to the question as proper motion pictures. Here to whether or not they felt there What Makes Criminals? are a few: was a growing spirit of evan- gelism among the pople, the an- Dr. Amos O. Squire, for many No picture shall be produced in swers were as follows: Yes, 398 ; years head physician at Sing which evil is made to appear attrac- No, 196; no answer, 127. Sing Penitentiary, in an address tive, and good unattractive; in which on "Youth and Crime in Modern the sympathy of the audience is In answer to the question as America," revealed some star- thrown on the side of wrongdoing, to whether or not the spirit of tling facts. He said: evil and sin, or against goodness, evangelism was growing among honor, innocence, purity, or honesty; Sunday school teachers, 443 of "In 1900 the average age of in which law-human or divine-shall the 721 pastors answered yes; criminals in America was forty; be ridiculed, or sympathy be created 148 answered no, and 130 did today it is. twenty.,three. Forty for its violation; in which the treat- not answer. The ministers were per cent of the atrocious crimes ment of crime makes heroes of crim- asked to give the number of adcommitted in America are by inals and seems to justify their ditions they had had during the youths still in their teens. One actions. first six months of the church hundred and seventeen thousand year. A total of 5,521 additions are now imprisoned in Federal -Alliance Weekly. on confession of faith was reand State prisons, while 200,000 ported by six hundred ministers. more are confined in county jails An Atheist Converted The other 121 ministers either and reformatories." reported that they had had no Martin S. Charles was a additions or did not fin out that His explanation of this, in a young preacher whose Christian part of the report. word, is the breakdown of Amer- faith was undermined by false ican home life. He said: teaching that he became an Twenty colleges of the denom- atheist. He founded The God- ination indicate that they have The breakdown of religious author- less World magazine, conducted some definite plans for keeping ity has left character seriously un- twenty-two public de bat e s the claims of Christ before the founded. A boy whose character has against Christian ministers, and students under their direction. no deep religious foundation experi- held offices in the Association for ences a serious shock if his home is the Advancement of Atheism. -Christian Observer. broken up. Perhaps his parents be- Then, after twelve years, he was come divorced, or they separate, or supernaturally stopped in this Elyria, Ohio, Men's League they live together, but in perpetual career, being convinced of the strife and unpleasantness. The effect reauty of the existence of the The men of Elyria, Ohio, on the boy is to unhinge him, and he One whom he had denied. He United Presbyterian Church drifts into crime. Forty-five per cent has recently been conducting a who formed a local Men's Misof the boys who are coming to Sing "Back to the Bible Mission" in sionary League in November, ~ing, having previously served a term Fort Wayne, Indiana. 1933, have no thought of quit- In the Reformatory, are children of ting, for since the last anniverbroken homes. Conceit, if pursued -So S. Times. sary a new project has develintensely enough and long enough, oped, in addition to their foreign tends to produce a definite mental Presbyterian Diamond Jubilee mission obligation of supportunbalance. Character, religiously ing a native missionary in India. founded, will stand up under serious The Diamond Jubilee of the When the pastor, Rev. George shock. Southern Presbyterian Church, A. Brown, visited Colorado last was celebrated last December. summer he found a small mining -Christian Advocate. One of the chief objects was the town, Tellurite, without a resi- promotion of a renewed spirit of dent minister for many years. Christian Education Tours e van gel ism throughout the Getting in touch with church of- Chur.ch; and in particular to ficials, Mr. Brown has been the Seven denominations – Pres- win 25,000 new members on con- instigator of placing a missionbyterian, Methodist, Episcopal, fession of faith in the home ary there, and the Men's League Baptist, Congregational, Chris- Church and 10,000 in the for- will contribute to this project. tian and Moravian-Jamestown eign field. College, and the State Council of With a foreign and home proj- Christian Education worked to- Dr. B. K. Tenney, secretary ect now a definite part of their gether from October 19 to No- of the Jubilee Committee, re- activities, the local league begins vember 8 in an effort to acquaint ports on replies so far received high school students with the North Dakota plan of Bible

the fourth year with renewed Keystone School of the Bible have carried on daily advertise- ment about Christianity for vigor and a determination to A new international training some months, and a number of keep growing. Since last year enquiries have been received. In several new men's missionary school has been opened in Pitts- India, a weekly article inserted leagues have been formed. burgh at 535 Penn Ave. The in a Karachi paper has brought school has a directorate of nine enquiries from people of all -Elyria Daily. ministers and thirteen laymen. classes and faiths. An experi- It is conservative in theology. ment in Christian journalism is Stewardship at Asheville also being carried on in Moham- The President is Rev. A. Gordon medan countries; while in Spain Ike and Mike were two pigs MacLennan, D.D., pastor of the the editor of El Popular, a raised for the Lord by several Shadyside United Presbyterian widely read paper, has agreed to Asheville Farm School boys. Church of Pittsburgh, Pa. The publish a Christian article of Daily the owners cared for their Dean is Wm. S. Hawks, B.A., 1,000 words every Sunday for a charges and watched them grow. year. Following the corn harvest the from the Davis Memorial Bible boys gleaned several bushels of School of Binghamton, N. Y. Leper Statistics corn from the field for their pigs. The school is supported entirely Finally, having grown round and by voluntary contributions and is one of the 66 cooperating in- fat, the pigs were sold. After all stitutions throughout the coun- Medical returns from fiftyexpenses were paid the proceeds try which includes the Standard four leper homes and hospitals went as a contribution to the Training Course of the Evan- in India, China, Korea and young people's missionary budg- gelical Teacher Training Asso- Africa where work is mainet in the presbytery. ciation. Eight men compose the tained by the Mission to Lepers, The Lord's Acre Club at Ashe- faculty. afford some indication of prog- ville Normal School, organized ress made during the year: two years ago, has twenty-three Negroes in Detroit Eleven thousand, nin~ hundred and members who annually clear a twenty-two patients had been under plot of ground of brush and The Negro population in De- treatment for not less than three troit has risen from 40,838 in months. Of theseweeds, and plow, plant and hoe 1920, to about 135,000 in 1936, it. One member stays during the larger portion of this in- One thousand and fifty-four had bethe summer to cultivate the crease coming from villages and come disease arrested cases without crops. From the sale price all rural sections of the South. deformity (i.e., symptom free). Housing conditions are reported expenses are met. The net pro- as bad; health conditions, as Five hundred and twenty-seven had ceeds the first year were fifteen might be expected under these become disease arrested cases with dollars and the second year sev- housing conditions, are also bad. deformity. enteen dollars. Six hundred and ten churches Three thousand, nine hundred and -Presbyterian Banner. eighteen had much improved.

Two thousand, eight hundred and fifty-three had slightly improved.

One thousand, two hundred and two minister to the Negro popula- were apparently stationary. Awards for Missionary tion. Forty-five per cent of Of the remaining cases some had Sermons these are "store-front or house become worse and a considerable num- Awards for the best sermons churches." Numerous cuI t s ber had left or died. Seven hundred on foreign missions are offered flourish among the Negroes and and seventy-six of the cases arrested without deformity had been discharged by the Centennial Council of the constitute a serious problem. and 168 of those arrested with de- Presbyterian Board of Foreign The report warns that the Negro formity. In addition, upwards of Missions, in connection with is fast drifting away from the 7,500 lepers had been treated as outtheir centennial this year. For patients. Where the attendances had faith of our fathers into some- been regular the results had been enthe best sermon which has been thing else. Thousands of them couraging; 142 outpatients were repreached to an actual congrega- have become communists asking ported to have become arrested or tion, $150 will be awarded, with "Who is God?" "What good is symptom-free cases. the church?" They have been $75 for second place, $25 for told that it is the mother of race The chief problem in the conthird, $10 for fourth and, for hatred, prejudice, war, capital- ism, lynching, injustice and trol of leprosy is to prevent the each of the six next best ser- slavery. mons, there will be awarded a infection of children. Where copy of "One Hundred Years," -Presbyterian Banner. the centennial history by Dr. this can be accomplished the dis- Arthur J. Brown. MISOELLANEOUS ease should become negligible Each sermon should be typed, within one generation. .

-Without the Camp.

on one side of the paper and New Newspaper Evangelism Lutheran World Front should be accompanied, on a sep- arate sheet, by the name and ad- Newspaper evangelism, first A "Lutheran Front," massing dress of the writer, and the ser- tried out in Japan, is steadily the more than 80,000 members mon's text and theme. It must reaching into other countries. of this body behind a very defireach Room 913, 156 Fifth Ave., In China, the movement is still nite evangelical program for New York, before April 1, 1937. new, but two Hankow papers world betterment, will take vig-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

orous form within the next four day schools. Remarkable growth ment is organized to inaugurate years. Headquarters for this is reported from the former and maintain in the educational program will be established in German colonies; Tanganyika work of the church such definite increased over 40,000, the Cam- programs of teaching and wor- Berlin. For the achievement of Luth- erouns 10,000, and Southwest ship, based upon the Word of eran Solidarity a series of spe- Africa 8,000. The Union of God, and interpreting the life cific tasks has been mapped out. South Africa increased over and teaching of Jesus Christ as There will be gathered "an en- 100,000 since 1932. Brazil in- shall lead to interracial undercyclopaedic file of information creased 43 %; Argentina, 34'fa. standing, international concord concerning a II L u the ran The situation in the larger and the ab-owlit.ioSn. of war. Churches of the world." There Sunday school constituencies in S. A. News.

will be prepared for publication Burma, Ceylon, India, China and Christian Humanitarian in 1940, a revised edition of Japan has not changed materi- League "Lutheran Churches of the ally, though Japan reports an in- World," first published in 1930. crease of eight thousand. The A Christian Humanitarian Periodical bulletins will be is- loss reported in China is more League has been established and sued to the Lutheran Church apparent than real, as the figures held its first meeting at The Press of the world. A "Central for Manchuria and Mongolia Hague at the close of last year. Bureau of Relief" will be estab- have been deducted. India con- This League has set up as its lished. The executive secretary tinues to have the largest Sun- general principle: "The only will be the official representative day school enrolment in Asia, of the Lutheran Churches of the with Korea holding second place. just basis for the construction world. There is to be built up of a new social life is the Chrisan international Lutheran pulpit North America, Sunday school tian doctrine, which sets us the stronghold of the world, shows task of being human; that is to and lecture exchange. a falling off, though it should be say, in all respects and under all The Executive Committee, noted that other youth move- circumstances to do our Chris- ments and religious education tian duty in the spirit of truth, recognizing that the present day projects have increased. Eu- justice and love. For the buildis one "of enlarging relation- rope, as a continent, shows a net ing up of a new social life, emoships," a day when "religious loss, but gains are reported in tion and reason must be healthily Poland, Greece, and even har- and normally developed and bodies that have always laid assed Spain. Russia is out of work together in harmony. Reclaim to ecumenical character the picture entirely. ligion, truth and justice are the are pressing those claims with most important foundations of new vigor," have issued a dec- Peace Resolution this new social life." laration as to Lutheran participation in general world-wide re- Perhaps the most important The urgent necessi.ty for a ligious movements, saying: and far-reaching action taken concerted effort against atheism by the Oslo World's Sunday was emphasized at this meeting. "The Lutheran Churches of School Convention was the Peace the world should proceed with Resolution. Every Convention Forward – Day by Day united front on their relations since 1904 has adopted a peace with ecumenical Christian move- resolution, but this Convention The Protestant Episcopal ments, general cooperative or- realized that better than a reso- Church has issued a booklet ganizations, or C h r i s t ian lution is the development of containing daily Bible readings Churches claiming universality. Christian men and women who with comments, practical sug- They should agree among them- can reach across national bound- gestions for Christian living, selves as to their united partici- aries and extend the hand of fel- and prayers called "Forwardpation or nonparticipation." lowship to those of all races and Day by Day." This booklet has been widely distributed; alto- -International Christian Press.

Achievements in Religious nationalities, with a desire for gether 3,625,000 copies have Education mutual understanding and com- been bought and paid for. In mon endeavor in behalf of the addition to regular congrega- There are nearly a million welfare of all. There can un- tions from coast to coast, this more Sunday school pupils in doubtedly be no lasting basis for manual goes into prisons, re- the world today than there were peace that is not built upon a formatories, hospitals, sanatofour years ago. Africa is cred- more vital Christianity, without riums, camps, schools, and to ited with more than half this which peace pacts and interna- the employees in bus i n e s s gain, or 581,721. Notable gains tional treaties will continue to be houses.

were made in Belgian Congo, mere scraps of paper. The Peace Translated into Japanese it Angola, Rhodesia and French Resolution adopted by the Oslo has been distributed to 271 con- Equatorial A f ric a. Uganda Convention differs from those of gregations in Japan. It goes to made its first report showing an former Conventions in that it everyone of the Church's for- enrolment of 2,000 in the Sun- calls upon all constituent units eign mission fields. In Canada day schools and over 100,000 re- of the Association in every field and the United States it goes ceiving religious instruction in where the Sunday school move- into homes of scattered settlers.

'~I========='==========i~

Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information I Iril~==~~=======-=~~ An Advancing Church in Latin The third chapter, "The Hun- writes and whom he describes. America. By Kenneth G. Grubb. 256 pp. 38. 6d. Marshall, Morgan dredth Milestone," gives an out- The description of scenes in the & Scott. London. 1936. line of the history of the Evan- various countries is true to life, Mr. Grubb is a past master in the art of condensation. The gelical Movement in L a tin and the value of the text is enlittle book whose title is given America, since its founding, now hanced by a number of wellabove and which has less than 80 pages is multum in parvo. more than a century ago; the chosen illustrations, unusually Rarely does a reader find so much information condensed fourth, "God and Cresar," deals clear and attractive. Throughinto so few pages, and in such with the rising tide of national- out the book, but particularly in short space, and the information given is unusually correct and ism as it impinges on the prog- the chapter on Peru, there is up-to-date, inasmuch as the author has recently made a close ress of the Evangelical churches, frequent and sympathetic refer- and personal study of the coun- and the fifth and closing chapter ence to the Indian population, tries and the problems of which he writes. The seventeen re- deals with "The Significance of and a moving presentation of publics of Hispanic America, as the Indian," that submerged the physical, spiritual, and ecoalso the three Caribbean republics, Cuba, Santo Domingo and portion of the population that nomic needs of this portion, Haiti, plus the island of Puerto Rico, are brought under review might well call out with the which, in some cases, is the main this small volume, and he who reads its chapters carefully will Psalmist, "No man cared for my jority of the entire population. be much more knowing in regard soul." W. E. B. No doubt some of his readers to our friends, the other Americans, and the problems with will not agree with what the auwhich they contend. Why South America? By A. Stuart thor believes to be the best meth- The first chapter, "From Mex- McNairn. 145 pp. 28. 6d. Marico to Cape Horn," is, in a sense, shall, Morgan & Scott. London. ods of organization and carry- 1936. an introduction to those that fol- ing on the work of the churches low, since it gives much of the This is a book by an author physical and historical setting who is thoroughly familiar with and groups of believers. But all his subject. He was for a numof the various republics and ber of years a missionary in intelligent students of missions their peoples. In the second South America, and, in more rechapter, the author comes to cent years, has served as a mis- will applaud his insistence on grips with what is evidently the sionary secretary, in which posi- tion his long experience on the the necessity of the missionary main problem of the book, in his field has no doubt been of great treatment of "The Necessary service to his board. By fre- to give his time to the raising up Evangelical Church." T his quent and extended visits to all church will be, in essence, we are parts of the continent, Mr. Mc- of "faithful men who will be told, "a Fellowship of the Burn- Nairn has become thoroughly ing Heart," a band of brothers familiar with this field. able to teach others also," thus whose hearts God has touched. While the book, very natu- making it possible, in time, for It will be a band, not necessarily rally, gives more attention to the of intellectuals, but of all re- work that is being carried on by the missionary himself to pass deemed sinners, a true expres- the Evangelical Union of South sion of the communion of saints America, the missionary board on to other fields that are as yet and of their reunion in the Body with which the author has been of which Christ is the living long identified, it will neverthe- unreached. W. E. B. Head. less interest and instruct a much larger community of readers. Pastor and People. By O. C. S. Wal- The references to history and lace, D.D., Litt.D. 128 pp. $1.25. other developments of the differ- Broadman Press. Nashville, Tenn. ent sections of the continent are 1936. reliable and informing, and the reader will correctly gather the In twenty-five brief and inti- impression that Mr. McNairn mate chapters, Dr. Wallace dis- not only knows, but loves the cusses many of the problems land and the people of which he which face the modern minister and his congregation: pulpit poses and voices, understand- able speech, postsermonic "let- downs," songs and singers,. offi- cers and officiousness, meddle;. some men and flattering women, ushers and their larger calling, the minister as a steward and a man of God, the sacraments, and a host of other important ques- tions. He writes with sympathy, clarity and insight, and with a Any of the hooks noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

[172 ]

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

wealth of fresh illustrative de- thought does not concern itself many influences are promoting tail. with obsolete theories regarding it, especially in Turkey, Egypt, the death of our Saviour. Nor and Persia. Hugh Walpole once wrote, "If can it accept belief in the actual an author is to survive a year or resurrection '(page 231). Even With the new economic role two after his death he had bet- the Synoptic Gospels must be in which women are playing ter cultivate the spirit of kind- stripped of supernaturalism be- their part and crossing the liness in his work." In this fore they are trustworthy. threshold of professional life, short volume the vet era n there is, of course, the danger preacher and teacher – he was Aside from this viewpoint, the of liberty becoming license. The eighty November last – demon- book contains many excellences. author points out the effects of strates the ministerial embodi- The weakest chapter, next to old social customs on health and ment of that essential virtue. that on Christianity, is that on the higher standards that are Islam, where the author or the now advocated. The two later R. 1. LINDQUIST. proof reader is responsible for chapters deal with the widening many curious blunders. sphere of women's interests and Living Religions and Mod ern the pressure of change on Islam Thought. By Alban G. Widgery. S. M. ZWEMER. itself by the new womanhood. 306 pp. $2.50. Round Table Press. New York. 1936. Moslem Women Enter a New World. The illustrations are remark- By Ruth Frances Woodsmall. 431 ably fine, and the author's style The title of this book and the pp. $3.00. Round Table Press. is attractive. The book gives author's qualifications as Profes- New York. 1936. very few references to authorisor of Philosophy at Duke Uni- ties and no statistics; the latter versity lead one to expect great In many respects, this is the is understandable. As the authings. Throughout the book is best book we have had in Eng- thor remarks, scholarly and thought-provok- lish on womanhood in the world ing, and presents a comprehen- of Islam. Miss Woodsmall is Statistics today are half-truths tosive and ethical view of the General Secretary of the World's morrow. The subtle nuances of world's living religions. The ar- Y. W. C. A., and spent nine years change are of real significance. To rangement is logical, and the in the Near East. Later, through see one woman from a high-class author has a concise style with a traveling fellowship, she jour- family of Mecca today unveiled would facility for factual classification. neyed beyond the Near East into be a more surprising symptom of Persia and India. Long-time change than the thousands now un- To the Christian, however, residence might give a more in- veiled in Istanbul. I have tried, therewho accepts the ecumenical timate portrayal of the present fore, primarily to understand the creeds and the historicity of the conditions, but none could do it trends of Eastern life, the currents Gospels, this book is a dis- with greater sympathy and a already visible on the surface and the appointment. Christianity is bolder sweep of the pen. undercurrents which determine the placed with the other living re- main movement, using statistics, ligions only as the climax of hu- The rising tide of social where available, only as subsidiary man effort to understand God change is flooding the Near East indications of change. It is evident and the universe. The author and obliterating many Islamic that the very essence of change makes begins that chapter by saying: customs. On its crest it carries it impossible accurately to portray it, a new freedom for womanhood. for while you have stopped to record Founded by a Jew, in its funda- But the undertow is still very trends of change, life has moved on. mental spirit Christianity is essen- strong, and it is here that one Today a new book each month could tially a continuance of prophetic would like the important state- scarcely keep up with the changing Judaism. With allowance for the ef- ment, made by the author her- status of Moslem women; whereas fects of differences of individual char- self, underscored in the preface, formerly one every century would acter and environment, Jesus and and as a footnote on nearly every have given a fair picture, for there Paul may be considered in the line of page of the volume: "Ninety was no change. Hebrew prophets. per cent of the people in the Near East are still untouched by We have two criticisms, how- Religion is even now in proc- the film, but the remaining ten ever. The first is that the causes ess of development. There are per cent represent the important for all thi,s social upheaval and many pathways which lead to progressive minority who s e the dawn of a better day are not God. thought today is in a large meas- sufficiently indicated. One would ure determined by the film" (p. expect an appreciation of the The religious wealth of mankind 27). fact that the whole educational will most probably be increased by program for womanhood in Mosscholarly adherents of particular re- What is true of the film is lem lands is due to the initiative ligions remaining faithful to their re- true of all the other social and of Christian missions. A second ligions and striving to realize the intellectual changes so admirably omission, which is less excusable, elements of value in them. The way sketched as milestones in prog- is that the author gives so little to comprehensive truth and unity is ress. The trend is undoubtedly attention to Islam and its teachnot likely to be found in the present away from polygamy and the ing regarding womanhood, as universal adoption of anyone existing old freedom of divorce. The the background for her picture. religion. marriage age is rlsmg. There The appendix of three pages, in is an educational awakening, and which some badly translated The living religions, treated verses of the Koran are quoted, by the author, are all measured is scarcely adequate. by such a twenty-inch yardstick. According to the writer, modern

Previous writers on the sub- two religions. It may lead many proper Christian home, or it will ject (Robertson Smith, Perron, to a fuller knowledge of the not be done at all. Mansur-Fahmi, and 0 the r s) Christ of whom Isaiah testified. seem to agree that the position Each church must be domof womanhood in Arabia before The Church and the Churches. By inated by Christ, the Christ of Islam was better than it became Karl Barth. 92 pp. 75 cents. Wm. the Scriptures. through the legislation of the B. Eerdmans Pub. Co. Grand Prophet. No less an authority Rapids, Mich. 1936. FRANCIS SHUNK DOWNS. than Professor Duncan B. Macdonald states: "I do not think The World Conference on With Christ Into Tomorrow. By that there can be any question Faith and Order to be held in Hunter B. Blakely. 8vo. 160 pp. that the position of women in Edinburgh, Scotland, in August, 50 cents, paper; cloth, 75 cents. Islam is practically due to the 1937, has doubtle,ss been the oc- 1936. Presbyterian Committee of attitude of Mohammed himself. casion for the writing of this Publication, Richmond, Va. 1936. Monogamy would be the rule in book. Professor Barth is such Islam, while the veil would a fearless and forceful thinker, This mission study book, writnever have existed except for with a flair for fairness and yet ten by the pastor of the First the insane jealousy of Moham- with such a forthrightness of Presbyterian Church, Staunton, med." It is not true, as we read style, that anything coming from Virginia, signalizes the concluon page 376, that "customs, his pen is eagerly read, whether sion of seventy-five years' hisrather than the actual teaching or not we agree with all of his tory of the Presbyterian Church of the Koran, resulted later in positions. in the U. S. The six chapters the veiling and seclusion of are as follows: women" ; nor that "by incor- The four chapters are sugporating the various social re- gestive in their headings: The Our Groping World forms such as the restriction of Unity of the Church, The Mul- Our Adequate Christ polygamy and inheritance rights tiplicity of the Churches, The Our Compelling Mission directly into hi,s religious teach- Union of the Churches, a Task; His Universal Church ings, Mohammed proved himself and The Church in the Churches. His Abiding Method to be a practical idealist." Ex- Professor Barth maintains that His Ultimate Victory actly the opposite is the fact. because the one and only Word Mansur Fahmi, an Egyptian of God has once for all been The author says: "My hope in Moslem, states: "The ancient uttered in the fact of the Incar- Arab woman was happy in her nation, the Church is one in the sending this little book on its home. She lived. Soon Islam, task to proclaim this coming of with its diverse institutions, its God to earth and "to summon way is that the reader may be theocratic laws, and the conse- men to believe in its reality." If quences that followed, changed we are to realize the unity of stimulated to think creatively the Church we must first accept the customs and the activity of Jesus Christ as the Head and concerning the Christian duty of women was paralyzed." This is Lord of the Church. "Jesus Christ as the one Mediator be- world evangelism, and to face very different from the idealized tween God and man is the one- Islam of Miss Woodsmall's book. ness of the Church, is that unity squarely the personal obligation within which there may be a S. M. ZWEMER. multiplicity of communities, of for giving Christ to a needy gifts, of persons within one The Shepherd Prince. A Historical Church, while through it a mul- world." Romance of the Times of the tiplicity of churches are ex- Prophet Isaiah. Translated from cluded." Therefore he concludes, Dr. Blakely is one of the lead- the Hebrew masterpiece of Abra- if we listen to Christ, it is "un- ham Mapu by B. A. M. Schapiro. thinkable that great e n t ire ing young ministers of his de- Introduction by the late Robert groups of communities should Dick Wilson. 400 pp. $2.75. stand over against each other in nomination. His book is sim- Brookside Pub. Co. New York. such a way that their doctrines 1936. and confessions of faith are mu- ilar in purpose and plan to the tually contradictory." In this classic the translator larger book, "Missions Tomorhas preserved the fire, pathos Dr. Barth concludes his book with a statement of the essential row," by Latourette, and forms and intensity of the author's ro- conditions under which it would mance interwoven with drama be possible to share in such a an excellent companion piece to and tragedy. Both Christians genuine effort of union towards a living Church. Real unity is that volume. It is ideally adaptand faithful Jews will find a advanced as we listen to Christ fresh concept of the God of in our own Church. Union work ed to mission study classes and must be done wit h i n the Abraham. The novel helps one churches, he believes, as its reading groups not only in the to understand the Jewish race and reading it should help to Southern Presbyterian Church cement the bonds of friendship but for a wider circle. Approxibetween the followers of these mately ten thousand copies have already been used in mission study circles during November.

Mrs. W. W. Draper's "Helps for Leaders," in teaching "With Christ Into Tomorrow" (price 15 cents) is issued by the same publishers. H. KERR TAYLOR.

Tangled Waters. By Florence Cran- nell Means. $2.00. Houghton, Mifflin Co. New York. 1936.

Too many American Indian stories are told from the white man's point of view. Once this meant contemptuous ignorance of native traditions; today, on the other hand, we often find a

forced and artificial enthusiasm the blanket secretly woven by of more than seventy years, which takes no account of their the young girl in defiance of which has carried the Gospel to hopeless incompatibility with tribal taboos, copying a sacred every province of Inland China modern life. Such new juveniles sand-painting for a collector who and to its almost inaccessible deas "Singing Sands" by Grace pays liberally; the search for pendencies, begins with the over- Moon, and "Indians Today," by hidden treasure; the desper- whelming sense of God's Love Mario and Mabel Scacheri, are ately sick child carried out of and the desire to be given some really part of the current super- the hogan by a superstitious fa- self-denying service for Him ficial propaganda for Indian cul- ther and left to die alone and un- which filled the heart of young tures as something to be pre- tended, till happily rescued by Hudson Taylor shortly after his served, or revived, among con- the indignant white doctor; the conversion. This longing for an temporary young Americans of plans for a forced wedding "Outlet for Love" pointed him Indian descent. broken up at the last moment by to China's measureless need and For these reasons, "Tangled Altolie's school friend and a led to the founding of the Waters," is the more welcome to plucky little missionary woman C. 1. M., though he first served thinking people. This story will -all these are woven into a for four years under a Society not only please the young girls strong plot. whose running into debt trou- for whom it is primarily in- "Tangled Waters" is recom- bled him. He "could not think tended, but will interest and in- mended, not only as a story but that God was poor or unwilling form their elders. It combines as giving the right clue to a very to supply any need of whatever a vivid and sympathetic picture human and troublesome prob- work was His." The history of of present-day Navajo life with lem. It has passed the scrutiny the Mission is one long record the frank and intelligent treat- of several specialists in Navajo of answers to the prayer of life, and is especially advised for faith. Love always found a ment of a typical situation. Mrs. Means, who has spent missionary societies and school way, often an adventurous one many weeks in Arizona during libraries. which taught the missionary to nine years past, introduces us to "I think it is the difference laugh at rough places, to suffer a family of native sheep-herders, between their beliefs and ours," extreme perils undauntedly, and characteristically dominated by says Altolie, speaking of her to be "strong as death" through the fiercely conservative old white friends, who do not trem- the terrors of 1900. Love found grandmother. The N a va j 0 ble before malicious spirits in its reward in the great awakenwomen, as is usual, do most of air and water or fear to touch ing of China which followed, the' work. The native "singer" the dead and dying, even when seized its opportunity and, or "Medicine-Man" must be their nearest and dearest. "I, through all testings and discalled when there is illness and too, would like to live without tresses, with undismayed courhe is well paid for his mum- fear!" ELAINE GOODALE EASTMAN. age and unfeigned fidelity, though pressed on every side mery. Altolie's stepfather is a By Love Compelled. The Call of the and meeting financial ordeals in confirmed gambler. The old lady, his mother, is planning to China Inland Mission. By Marshall forced evacuations, ever made Broomhall. 126 pp. 35 cents, the same reply, that it would trimarry our heroine as soon as paper. London, Hodder & Stough- umph "at all costs," even cap- possible to the ne'er-do-well son ton, 1936. Marshall Broomhall, chief aide tivity and the loss of life itself. of a richer family.

The fifteen-year-old girl has for many years of Hudson Tay- If anyone has been deceived wholly natural and spontaneous lor, founder of the China Inland by the specious claims of theaspirations toward the marvel- Mission, years ago gave to the oretic Communism, one chapter ous new opportunities presented world a detailed history of that of this book, with its ghastly picby school and mission. Presently unique missionary enterprise. ture of Red massacres and deva bad fall opens the way, and at He has now rendered an equal astations, should prove an adethe mission hospital she is put service to the many who would quate antidote. into a bed "like a warmed snow- lose the benefit of that volumi- The last chapter describes the drift." Here· she meets with nous work through its very size, close fellowship of the organizaterror, soon merged in joy and by presenting the gist of it, tion, under wise leadership, with confidence, the white doctor with brought down to date, in this equal provision for all members bright blue eyes "of a keen kind- modest and cheap form, stress- from funds never directly apliness." Since more time is ing the heart and sinew of this pealed for but always supplied needed to heal a torn tendon, greatly blessed enterprise in the for every emergency. Altolie is placed in a near-by "faith which worketh by love." school for regular treatments, Previous publications of the C. H. FENN.

and there by an attractive boy a Mission have laid the greater Mexico Today. Col. Irving Speed little further along the new road stress on Faith: in this book, Wallace. 364 pp. $2.00. Meador she is encouraged to forget "Love rings out from every Pub. Co. Boston. 1936. homesickness and press on to page with a marvelously clear Of the making of books on better things. note." Latin America, or on this or that The cloud-burst in the canyon; This brief "sketch" of a work country of the 20 which form

that geographical entity, there as .more or less of equal im- j ects. It is interesting to note seems to be no end; and very portance. Some fault is found that Dr. Lane refers to THE with both Church and State, in MISSIONARY REVIEW more freoften the reading of them has their somewhat confused rela- quently than to any other magabeen a weariness to the flesh. tions, but the author gives credit zine except the North American Many have been written after a to each. Review-which has been in exhurried trip around the con- istance 30 years longer. Many writers on Latin Amertinent, in a comfortable steamer, ica reveal an evident dislike for Frank Mason North, 1850-1935. A and after having seen the sights the people, and approach their Biographical Sketch and Appreciaof some important cities from a subject with a fully developed tion. Published by his friends. modern hotel as a base. Such superiority complex. Colonel 1936. books may be interesting, but Wallace shows that he likes Mexico and the Mexicans, and A Christian is known by his such information as they give is he envisages the time when there friends and his achievements. will be a closer cultural under- Frank Mason North was a man not likely to be true to the facts. standing between the United greatly beloved and highly hon- States, Canada, and Mexico, ored by many and the influence In "Mexico Today," Colonel even to the point that, should the of his life and work extends occasion arise, their flags may around the world. He was born Irving Speed Wallace gives us a be "unfurled in one united de- in New York, was graduated book of a different type. He has fence." from Wesleyan University and in 1873 became a minister of the not been content with the usual Anyone who reads "Mexico Methodist Episcopal Church. trip around or across the con- Today" with care and attention, For twenty years he was a pastinent. His writing is limited to will be much more intelligent in tor; for another twenty years the republic of Mexico, and he regard to our neighbor republic, he was corresponding secretary wrote only after years of travel much more sympathetic with the of the New York City Church government in its attempt to Extension and Missionary Soand adventure, not only in the raise the moral and cultural ciety and for twelve years was larg cities, but also after per- level of the people, and will corresponding secretary of the sonal experience with mountain understand more fully the strug- Board of Foreign Missions. His gles which that people has other activities, offices and contrails and life in the most re- undergone in its attempt to free nections were too many to. remote hamlets. He went among itself from the shackles of feud- cord. As a poet and hymn alism and the bondage of an ec- writer he was well known and an untutored and semicivilized clesiastical system which sought some of his songs are widely population, as well as making no advantage save its own. used in many churches. They contacts with representatives of will live even where the author W. E. BROWNING. is unknown. A son, Dr. Eric the cultured classes. Therefore, M. North, is secretary of the the reading of his book is not Missions in Magazines. By Ortha American Bible Society. only interesting; it is also illu- May Lane. Pamphlet. Tientsin minating. In twenty chapters, Press Ltd. Tientsin. 1936. Gordon. A Drama in Three Acts. By E. J. Richter. Pamphlet. 50 he gives us a great deal of infor- Here is an interesting study cents. Capano Press. New York. of the treatment of Protestant mation in regard to methods of foreign missions in American "Chinese Gordon" is ever a Transportation, the Six – Year magazines from 1810 to 1935. heroic Christian figure, a martyr Plan, the New School System, It is a treatise in preparation for to the cause of British rule in the the degree of Ph.D. in the Grad- Sudan. This drama presents Home Life, the National Sport uate College of Iowa State Uni- briefly and accurately the events -which is bull fighting-makes versity. The aim of the study CUlminating in the fall of Khar- is to show how much and what tum in 1885. Twenty-five chara very sympathetic reference to kind of Protestant missionary acters appear besides sheikhs, the present able and energetic information American maga- dervishes and tribesmen. The President of the Republic, and zines will print; also the scenes take place in London, adds attractive references to changes in this respect in the Cairo, Khartunl, and the camp past 125 years. Most modern of the Mahdi. It is not a misquaint old Spanish customs of editors of secular magazines are sionary drama, and may be a the people. not interested in the religious little difficult to stage, but it has aspects of missions but will a stirring appeal for those who There is no chapter specially print articles dealing chiefly believe in the necessity of prodedicated to the relations of with political, sociological and moting peace and human wel- human interest values. This fare by the use of British armies State and Church, but there are study will be of especial value to and the sacrifice of men and several references to the reli- editors, mission board officials money. gious situation, written from an and writers on missionary sub- unbiased standpoint. His description of a conversation with an innkeeper in one of the smaller towns, whom he asked why the bull ring is always near to the church, comes very close to the real heart of the question. The innkeeper, after due reflec- tion, said that he supposed they were "put close together so that the folks could go to the bull fight from the church and lose no time." Both were classed together in the life of the people

Lights in the Near East. By of "A History of Korea," "The Van- Rev. Andrew Gih, the evangelist

Abdul-Fady (Arthur T. Upson). guard," and "Korea in Transition." the Bethel Mission, Shanghai, who re- 128 pp. Illus. 2s. 6d. Marshall, Dr. Gale is survived by his second cently visited America, was born as Morgan and Scott, London. 1936. wife, Ada Louise Sale Gale, a son, a the son of a Buddhist scholar. In daughter and two stepdaughters. his youth he was antagonistic to the The author was, until re- Christian message, and vowed that he cently, Director of the Nile Mis- *** would never become a Christian. sion Press in Cairo. He is one of the few foreigners ever in Dr. Thomas N. Chalmers, a clergy- The Presbyl:erian Egypt who could, unaided, write man of the United Presbyterian articles in Arabic which needed Church and head of a Christian Mis- A weekly religious newspaper in no correction before publishing. sion to the Jews in New York, died its lo6th year of continuous pub- This book is made up of reminis- in Tampa, Florida, on January 29, Iication under the same name. cences of his busy life; of strik- at the age of 78. Dr. Chalmers was ing examples of divine guidance, born in Riverside, Illinois, and at- It is conservative and evangelwhich were to him "High tended Monmouth College and the ical, gets its news by telegraph Lights." United Presbyterian Seminary in and keeps abreast of the times. Xenia, Ohio. After pastorates and a During the author's ,thirty- lectureship, he served as a missionary It goes into every state of the three years of active service, he to the Jews in Chicago and Pitts- Union, the District of Columbia, has issued over 700 publications burgh, in 1908 founded the New York and U. S. possessions. through the Nile Mission Press, Jewish Evangelization Society, and many of which he had written. was editor of the Jewish Missionary It goes to Asia and AFrica, South Magazine. America, Canada and New Zealand New Book. and into twelve countries of Eu- *** rope. Ethel Ambrose – Pioneer Medical Missionary. Compiled by Mrs. W. Miss Annie Van Sommer, the Subscription Price, – H. Hinton. 256 pp. 3s. 6d. Mar- founder of the Egypt Mission Band, Ministerial Rate, – shall, Morgan and Scott. London. died at the age of 83, at her home in England on January 9th. During the 50c. extra—Canadian postage Changing Russia. F. J. Miles. 144 past forty years Miss Van Sommer $1.00 extra—foreign postage pp. Is. Marshall, Morgan and spent much of her time in Egypt and Scott. London. was a valued member of both Field THE PRESBYTERIAN and Home Councils of the Egypt Mis- Missionary Romance in Morocco. sion Band. She founded the beautiful 1217 Market Street, Philadelphia, Pa. By James Haldane. Illus. 190 pp. Rest Home for missionaries at Fair- 2s. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London. haven, near Alexandria. She was II If you use greatly interested in the distribution The Church Through Half a Cen- of Christian literature through the PRINTING tury. Edited by Henry P. Van Nile Mission Press and in promoting Dusen and Samuel McCrea Cavert. prayer through the Fellowship of Y OU will profit from an ac- 426 pp. $3. Scribners. London. Faith for Moslems. quaintanceship with us. We do the job complete in our own Agnes Dickinson-Missionary to the *** plant, whether it be large or Chinese. Margaret Ness. 80 pp. small. 45 cents. Woman's Missionary So- The Rev. John MacNeill, D.D., of ciety, Presbyterian Church of Can- MacMaster University, Hamilton, On- While our specialty is Books, ada. Toronto. tario, died at his home in Hamilton Magatines and Pamphlets, yet on February 11th at 63 years of age. we have a variety of modern Definite Experience-Convention Aid Dr. MacNeill was President of the equipment to meet all the re- and Deterrents. A. S. Wilson. 128 Baptist World Alliance from 1928 to quirements of your particular pp. Marshall, Morgan and Scott. 1934 and of the Canadian Baptist job. You will find our service London. Foreign Mission Boards. prompt, careful and courteous.

The Father and His Sons. Arthur *** Will you allow us to estimate B. L. Karney. 68 pp. Is. S. P. G. on your next printing? We be- London. The Rev. Herbert C. Withey, pio- lieve you will be delighted with neer Methodist Episcopal missionary our product, price and service. The History of Jewish Christianity. in Angola, Portuguese West Mrica, Hugh J. Schonfield. 7s. 6d. 255 died in Malange, Angola, on February The EVANGELICAL PRESS pp. Duckworth. London. 11th at 64 years of age. Mr. Withey was born in Lynn, Mass., and went to Print…. of Heritage of Beauty. Daniel Johnson Africa with his parents in 1885 under The Mi••iona,., Review of the World Fleming. 94 pp. Illus. $1.50. the leadership of Bishop William Friendship Press. New York. Taylor. M.r. Withey became an au- PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE thority on the Kimbundu language Third and Rally SIr••1s Hettlsbur., P.. Immensity-God's Greatness Seen in which he reduced to writing and into Creation. Clarence H. Benson. 140 which he translated the New Testa- pp. $1.50. Scripture Press. Chi- ment and a part of the Old. He also cago. translated "Pilgrim's Progress" into Kimbundu and Portuguese. For many Jesus According to Mark. Albert years he was editor of the Angola Hughes. 188 pp. 60 cents, paper; News, a Sunday school monthly and $1.00, cloth. American Bible Con- the only periodical in Kimbundu. ference Assn. Philadelphia. *** Obituary Notes Personallteml (Concluded from second c(1)er.) (Concluded from page 113.) He was a master of the Korean language, edited an Korean-English dic- Rev. George Freeman Bragg, D.D., tionary of more than 80,000 words, colored clergyman, celebrated in Jantranslated several volumes from uary the 50th anniversary of his ordi- Korean into English and from Eng- nation, and the 45th as rector of one lish into Korean. In addition to of the pioneer Negro parishes of the "Korean Sketches," he was the author St. James Episcopal church, Balti- more. Dr. Bragg has a notable record for the fostering of mutual under- standing and good will between the White and Colored races.

THESE SPECIAL

The Missionary Review ti.~World The June Number will contain special articles on Christ and Rural America Christian Achievements in Rural Churches The Challenge of the Rural Community Trends in Rural Life in Twenty-five Years Cooperation in Rural Parishes The Church in the Country Community Evangelizing Our Rural Foreign Born The Larger Parish Project Leaves from a Colporteur's Notebook Solving Some Rural Problems The Youth and the Country Parish Rural Life in the Southern States A Rural Pastor's Job Some Unchurched Rural Districts Rural Responsibility of the City Church Woman's Work in a Country Parish Special October Number CHRIST AND THE MOSLEM WORLD A Survey of Islam Today Why Preach Christ to Moslems? Results of Missions to Moslems Women and Children in Moslem Lands The Bible and the Koran Some Great Missionaries to Moslems The Influence of Christian Literature Islam in India Today Some Evangelized Moslem Fields Notable Christian Converts from Islam Articles by Christian Moslems Order These Copies Now for Yourself and for Mission Study Classes 25 cents a copy $20 a hundred $2.50 a year The Missionary Review of t:he World Third and Reily Streets, Harrisburg, Pa.

ROBERT E. SPEER, President DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Edito:r

The Missionary Review of the World — January 1935

1935

Robert Laws of Livingstonia D. R. Mackenzie Problems and Encouragements Robert E. Speer John R. Mott Robert P. Wilder Robert H. Glover Stephen J. Corey C. Darby Fulton A. C. Snead The Present Situation in Missions Julius Richter New Cooperative Advance at Home Charles E. Schaeffer When a Kurd Becomes a Christian Delavan L. Pierson Mrs. E. E. Olcott-An Appreciation Samuel M. Zwemer

to Remember Obituary Notes widow,Mary Wentworth McConaughy

January 2-4-Annual Meeting, For- The Rev. Henry C. Velte, D.D., two brothers, one of whom is Dr. eign Missions Conference, Garden missionary in India for the past fifty4 David McConaughy, expert on stew- City, N. Y. two years, died at Saharanpur on N0- ardship; by a sister, a daughter and vember 19th. He was a highly hon- January 6-12-Universal Wee k of ored missionary of the Presbyterian two sons, one of whom is Dr. James Prayer. Church, U. S. A., and for 20 years was at the head of Saharanpur Theo- McConaughy, President of Wesleyan January 7-ll-Annual Me e tin g s, logical Seminary. Five years ago he Home Missions Council and Council was elected Moderator of the United University, Middletown, Connecticut. of Women for Home Missions, Phil- Church of Northern India. The situa- adelphia, Pa. tion changed greatly during his mis- The Rev. Al*ber*t * Fulton, D.D., sionary career and Dr. Velte was born January 22-February 16-C 0 r nell in Wertheim, Germany, in 1857, and A. School for Missionaries, Cornell, was educated in Hopkinton, Iowa, and N.Y. McCormick and Princeton Theological for 42 years an honored miSSionary of Seminaries. He is survived by his FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSIONARY wife Charlotte Haduth Velte and a the Presbyterian Board of Foreign ASSEMBLIES son, the Rev. F. Mowbray Velte, who is a missionary in India. Missions, died on December 10th in For further information, write to Miss B. Louise Woodbud, 930 23d *** Pasadena, California. Dr. Fulton was Ave. N, St. Petersburg, Fla. Mrs. Wallace J. Anderson, a mis- born in Ashland, Ohio, in 1849 and January 26-30-0rlando. sionary of the Presbyterian Church, January 27-30-Deland. died in Seoul, Korea, of peritonitis, after being graduated from Princeton January 30-February I-Palm on November 30th. Mrs. Anderson College and Seminary, was appointed (nee Lillian E. Beede) was born in a missionary to Canton, China, in Beaches. Charleston, Nebraska, and was edu- February 2-7-Miami. cated at Occidental College and the 1879. He was preeminently a pioneer February 7-S-Bradenton. University of California. She went February 7-S-Fort Myers. to Korea as a missionary in 1917 and missionary, est a b lis h i n g many February 9-1S-St. Petersburg. was engaged in educational work in February 10-13-Clearwater. the Girls' Academy and Bible Insti- churches and preaching halls in South February 13-1S-Tampa. tute, Seoul. She is survived by her February 17-19-Lakeland. husband and two young daughters. China. When he went to China there February 17-19-Winter Haven. was strong opposition to Christianity February 19-21-Gainesville. *** and almost no railroads, electricity or February 23-26-Jacksonville. other modern improvements. The Dr. David S. Oyler, former mis- Presbyterian Church is almost the II If you use sionary of the United Presbyterian only agency to carry the Gospel to Church in the Egyptian Sudan, died 8,000,000 people of Kwangtung Prov- PRINTING in Monmouth, Illinois, November 19th. ince. Dr. Fulton was honorably re- Dr. Oyler was born in Nortonville, tired in 1922 and returned to America. Y OU will profit from an ac- Kentucky, January 11, 1881, and after quaintanceship with us. We graduation from Sterling College and Mary Halse* Gr*igg*, wife of Rev. do the job complete in our own Xenia Theological Seminary, Ohio, plant, whether it be large or went to the Sudan in 1910. After Ernest Grigg of Burma, died October small. seventeen years of service in Dolieb 15, 1934, after more than 40 years of Hill, he was obliged to return to service in that country under the Bap- While our specialty is Books, America for health reasons and be- tist Foreign Mission Society. Her Magazines and Pamphlets, yet came pastor of the United Presby- work was carried on among Chins, we have a variety of modern terian Church at Cutler, Ill. He is Chinese, Indians and Shans. equipment to meet all the re- survived by his wife, the former Lil- quirements of your particular lian Picken, and four children. *** job. You will find our service prompt, careful and courteous. *** The Rev. and Mrs. John C. Stam, Will you allow us to estimate Rev. James E. East, D.D., formerly American missionaries under the on your next printing? We be- a Negro missionary to Africa from lieve you will be delighted with the National Baptist Church of Amer- China Inland Mission, and their 10- our product, price and service. ica, died in Philadelphia last October. J ames East was born in Alabama, weeks-old daughter, were captured on The EVANGELICAL PRESS fifty-three years ago and in 1906 December 10th by Communist bandits went to South Africa, and was sta- in Southern Anhwei Province, China. Printers of tioned at Ganda, Middlerift, where he The Missionary Review of the World did notable work among the Bantu, Mr. and Mrs. Stam were murdered helping to found over forty native but the baby was allowed to live and PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Farmer's Associations and coopera- was restored to her grandparents. Third and Reily Sireet. Hlrrlsburg, PI. tive banks. Then Dr. East was called back to America to become secretary Mr. Stam was 27 years old and was of the Foreign Mission Board of the National Baptist Convention, with the son of Rev. Peter Stam, pastor headquarters in Philadelphia. of Star of Hope Mission, Paterson, Dr. James M*cC*ona*ughy. of Phila- N. J. Mrs. Stam was a daughter of delphia, for some years secretary of the Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Scott, the American Sunday School Union, American Presbyterian missionaries died in his home in Germantown, Pa., on December 6th at the age of seventy- at Tsinan, Shantung, China. seven. Dr. McConaughy was for- merly a teacher of Bible in Mount Her- Mr. Peter Stam and family, in a mon School for Boys and did a notable work as Bible teacher, author, editor telegram to the C. 1. M., give clear and executive. He is survived by his testimony to the victorious spirit in which they received the heart-rending news: "Sacrifice great but not too great for Him who gave Himself for us. Experiencing God's grace. Ro- mans 8: 28." (Concluded on 3d cover.) Sunday School Supplies J'ouoo:, spliiltml ~i1osofk WI'IlJ,JUI'-I"''' I-fIotirlIe/rInII6ktlHiM!tngifnIeflrIsiHMIss

MISSIONARY look well on any library table in the post-war experience. Recently

REVIEW OF THE WORLD country." WILLIS CHURCH LAMOTT. has been a good deal of building and I am not certain that 'eight in a room' DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor Tokyo, Japan. would still stand true."

VOL. LVIII JAN., 1935 No.1 *** "As to my own expense fund, I re- ceive $5.00 a month while I am at Publication and Business Office "Each issue of THE REVIEW brings K. H., and it should be added that my Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. a vast amount of very helpful infor- travel in England, postage, phone ma.tion, and I have been enjoying to calls and medical attention are pro- Editorial and Executive Office the fullest extent this splendid mag- vided free, so that I am well cared for. 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City azine." REV. MERLE ApPELGATE. My own annuity fund is operated Entered as second-class matter at solely by the working people of the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act Christian Church, Los Angeles, locality and provides 'home helps" for of March 3, 1879. California. families where a crisis leaves the 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. mother in need of help." Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. "The October*RE*VIEW* , with its chal- Published monthly, except August. Personal Items All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. lenging and informing array of ar- British agents, Marshall, Morgan ticles on Japan, surely ought to be a The Rev. Alex. Harsanyi, Pastor of and Scott, 12 Paternoster Buildings, valuable number for supplementary the Hungarian Presbyterian congrega- London, E. C. 1 shilling per copy, use in the foreign missions study pro- tion of Yonkers, N. Y., a descendant 10 shillings a year. jected for the current year." of a Hungarian Protestant martyr family, was honored and feted re- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB· WILLIAM B. LIPPHARD, cently by his people and his American Editor of "Missions," New York. friends at the fortieth anniversary of LISHING CO., INC. his ordination to the ministry. As TWO CORRECTIONS organizer of a number of Hungarian BOARD OF DIRECTORS congregations, as author, editor, and RoBERT E. SPEE'R, President Dr. E. W. Koons, of Korea, calls at- pastor he has rendered great services WM. I. CHAMBERLAIN, Vloe-Presldent tention to an error in the September to the cause of Christ among his coun- WALTER MCDOUGALL, Treasurer REVIEW (page 395) where the title to trymen. Mr. Harsanyi is Nestor of DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Seoretary the picture of the "public notice the Hungarian Protestant ministers SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT against foreigners" should be cor- of this country. MRS. BO.RRLIlNPPHRA. RJUDDD rected to read: WM. *** "This tablet containing public no- ERIC M. NORTH tice warning Koreans against for- Martin L. Harvey, a young Negro MILTON T. STAUFFER eigners was made in 1866 and was set of Hempstead, L. I., has been elected up by the Tai-wun-Kun in the center president of the Christian Youth A. L. W ARNSHUIS of Seoul in 1871. The translation by Council of North America. He is the SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Dr. L. G. Paik, reads: When foreign first of his race to fill that position. barbarians invade the country we Editorial Chat neither wage war nor make peace *** with them. We warn our descendants Have you recommended THE REVIEW for 10,000 years." Dr. Frank C. Laubach expects to to your pastor and friends as an up- visit India some time after March, to-date and delightful way to keep in *. * * 1935, to demonstrate his method of touch with the progress of the work teaching which has been so successful of Christ throughout the world? Some Miss Muriel Lester, of London, in reducing illiteracy in the Philipof your friends would appreciate a writes that there are some slight in- pines. gift subscription and their interest in accuracies in the article on "Voluntary missions would be stimulated. Poverty in Action" which appeared in *** our November number. Miss Lester Here are the recent comments of says: "It was my grandfather, not Samuel Coles, agricultural missionsome of our readers: my father, who went to work as a ary at Galangue, West Africa, under bricklayer at the tender age of 8, the American Board for twelve years, "A friend of mine expressed the con- when his father had been press has been loaned for a period of three viction that if all the magazines in the ganged to fight in the Napoleonic years to the Booker T. Washington country would follow your step in de- wars. Again, overcrowding in the Institute of Katata, Liberia, to supervoting an issue to the cause of Chris- East End of London was much worse vise their building program. He is tian missions among other races, the than 'eight in a single room' in my very enthusiastic over the possibilities problem of racial understanding would in this new field. not be such a difficult one. I agree USED CUTS with him." – Jose G. Deseo, Pastor- *** Director, Filipino House of Friend- Plates and half tone illusship, Stockton, Calif. S. Franklin Mack, Publicity Direc- trations used in THE tor for the Presbyterian Board of * * *. Foreign Missions, is now engaged in MISSIONARY REVIEW making a three-months' tour of Latin "We appreciate the service rendered American countries to take motion through THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF during the past two years pictures and secure other publicity THE WORLD, and are trying to pro- material. The itinerary calls for a mote its circulation." for sale from 25 cents up, visit to Peru, Chile, Argentine, Brazil, Venezuela, Guatemala and Mexico. MRS. S. L. V. TIMMONS. plus postage. The material secured will be widely Director of Educational Dept., used in connection with the mission The Missionary Review study of Latin America, projected for Women's Work, Presbyterian 1935-36. Church, U. S. of the World *** *** THIRD AND REILY STREETS HARRISBURG, PA. Dr. Robert P. Wilder. formerly "The material in the June issue is General Secretary of the Student Volan excellent exposition of American [1 ] unteer Movement and later Secretary Oriental life and I hope the magazine of the Christian Council of Northern will receive wide circulation." Africa and Western Asia, is now in America but plans to go to England GRANT K. LEWIS; Secretary, United Christian Mis- (Concluded on 3d cover.) sionary Society.

*** "Let me congratulate you on the Japan number of THE REVIEW. It covers the field so thoroughly that I am wondering what else mission study classes will have to study! I like the make up of THE REVIEW. It would

FOR PRACTICAL INDUSTRIAL TRAINING IN LIVINGSTONIA

A GThOUP OF AFRICAN PASTORS PREPARElD TO EVANGELIZE THEIR OWN PEOPLE TRAINING CHRISTIANS IN LIVINGSTONIA, CENTRAL AFRICA REVIB ORLD VOLUME LVIII AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER ONE JANUARY, 1935 Topics of the Times BEGINNING THE NEW YEAR the direction and help of Almighty God and by A man's character is largely indicated by the men and women filled with the Spirit of Jesus Christ. way he closed the old and begins the New Year. It is fitting then that again, at the first of the While New Year's Eve an'd New Year's Day are year, Christians be called together to observe the "Universal Week of Prayer" (January 6 to 13). widely and variously observed all over the world, This custom was organized by the Evangelical Alli- ance nearly ninety years ago (in 1846) and has some observe them by hilarity, drinking intoxi- been observed annually ever since, not only in America and Europe but now all over the world. cants, by feasts and ente~tainments; others ex- Great things are accomplished through prayer, not only subjectively in those who pray but objectively change friendly greetings, or join in Christian by the working of the Spirit of God to bring har- mony to the "good and acceptable and perfect Will Watchnight services with prayer and song. It is of God."

a time to take account of stock; to settle old debts This year preachers everywhere are asked to co- operate by preaching and leading prayer groups on and complete unfinished tasks; to prepare for new the following topics so that a world-wide circle of joint thinking and prayer may unite Christians undertakings and seek fresh visions for larger everywhere. The world situation at home and abroad calls for this more than ever. There are service. To some the New Year season is one of grave dangers that face church and home and State, but there are also reasons for good cheer and waste and frivolity, while to others it is a time of encouragement. The following are the main topics suggested: sobering thought, prayer and preparation for a new advance.

The old year is gone-irrevocably-and we can- not undo the mistakes we have made or all the harm that has been done. There has been waste and folly; gossip and unfriendly criticisms' self- ishness and greed; thefts, murders, oatdhuerltsemriaes~ blasphemies and other sins. We and suffer because of the mistakes and follies of the past but we can learn valuable lessons from them if we will. With the New Year come new oppor- tunities to learn, to grow, and'to achieve what is Sunday, January 6, 1935. TOPICS FOR SERMONS: worth while. There are new opportunities to pro- Trust in God-John 14: 1; Mark 11: 22, 24; 1 Tim. m?te peace on earth in place of war; to do away WIth race and class prejudice; to develop and ap- 4: 1~ . ply the principles of economic and social justice in place of unfair rivalry and oppression; to estab- Fellowship with Christ and Other Disciples-1 John 1: 3, lish honest politics and the true and equal observance ?~ laws, in place of political chicancery and 7; John 17: 21.

Service of Man in the Name of Christ-Mat. 25: 40; Mat. 28: 19-20; Mat. 24: 14.

Hope and Its Basis-Acts 26: 6; Rom. 8: 18-25; 1 Thess. 1: 3, 9-10.

favorItIsm; to promote education that develops Monday, January 7. NEED FOR REPENTANCE.

character rather than a system of fads and un- Thanksgiving for God's loving provision for all human tried theories; to express religion in deeds not need; that Christ finished the work of man's redempmerely in· words; to furnish the money and life tion and committed to us its proclamation to all men. needed to give the Gospel of Christ to all men without rivalry or prejudice, rather than spend money Confession for our failure to respond to human need' a,nd effort on luxurious church equipment and for our selfishness, pride, indolence, and lack of faith, rItual at home. Here are achievements worthy of for our hardness of our heart that hinders true reour best effort-but they can only be attained by pentance.

Prayer that God may open men's eyes and soften their hearts, bringing repentance and forgiveness. That [8]

the burden of the need of others may be felt by His from the outcastes and primitive peoples of India, children everywhere. Africa and other lands; for a revived interest among Christian statesmen in the cause of minorities. Scripture Readings-Rom. 3: 1-26; Gal. 5: 1-26; Ps.51. Confession of the growth of anti-Semitism in many na- Tuesday, January 8. THE CHURCH AND NEED FOR FAITH. tions; of the slow response to the needs of oppressed and persecuted peoples. Thanksgiving for the Church which includes peoples of every nation; for increasing opportunity and power Prayer for a keener sensitiveness to the needs of the to witness; for evidence that the GQspel is the power oppressed and helpless; for a fresh vision of Christ, of God unto salvation. who, without respect of persons, welcomes men and women of every class and nation. Confession of lack of faith and enterprise in completing the world-wide work; for lack of humility and for Scripture Readings-Rom. 11; 1 Cor. 1: 18-31; Rev. 7: failure to interpret truly Christ's spirit and message. 9-17.

Prayer for a new vision of our spiritual resources in Sunday, January 13. SPECIAL SERMONS ON CHRISTIAN Christ; for a deeper faith in God's power to establish UNITY, WITH C,QMMUNION. "That they all may be one His Kingdom through faith and obedience; for a vital …… that the world may believe that Thou hast sent spiritual quickening of the Church today. Me." John 17: 21.

Scripture Readings-Acts 2: 1-21; Mat. 16: 13-28; Col. THE FELLOWSHIP OF THE SPIRIT* 1; John 17: 9. An interdenominational fellowship of Chris- Wednesday, January 9. THE NATION'S NEED FOR FELLOW- tians has been formed to unite those who seek a spiritual reinvigoration of the Church, with new SHIP. power and enthusiasm; along Apostolic lines. It is similar to the First Century Christian Fellow- Thanksgiving for forces which restrain men's selfish am- ship – or Oxford Group Movement -with em- bitions; for all that nations have to give one another. phasis on Gospel witness, soul-winning, regenera- tion and enduement with power of the Holy Spirit. Confession of national self-seeking, suspicion, and jeal- ousy; of intolerance and suppression of freedom of Dr. William Carter, the Chairman, issues a speech and conscience. challenge to the churches to awake in these days of adversity. He says in substance: Prayer for a new sense of the nature and possibilities of fellowship; for wise leaders in national and inter- Times of prosperity affect us adversely just as much as national affairs. That each nation may contribute its times of adversity. Speaking of the rich, Job says: "They peculiar gifts to build up the Kingdom of God. spend their days in wealth, and in a moment go down to the grave. Therefore they say unto God, Depart from us; Scripture Readings-Rom. 12; Isa. 2; Isa. 52; Micah for we desire not the knowledge of thy way. What is the 4; Rev. 21: 1-7, 23-27. Almighty that we should serve him?"

Thursday, January 10. WORLD EVANGELIZATION. Times of adversity come and wealth is swept away; affluence becomes indigence; assurance becomes despair. Thanksgiving for a world-wide awakening to the pri- Then it is that some "Job's Comforter" comes crying: mary need of evangelism in Christian service; for na- "Dost thou still retain thine integrity? Curse God and tional leaders who are calling their fellow-countrymen die!" Many do both! The whole trouble with the Church to widespread evangelism; for the growth of self- is that we have joined altogether too much with the world support and of extension among native churches. instead of trying to win the world to Christ.

Confession of the narrow outlook of many Christians; Thank God, the material and physical crises cause some of the lack of sensitiveness to the need of the millions to turn to God, and these become the leaders not of a for- who have not yet heard the Gospel; of our reliance on lorn hope, but of a victorious advance. When Pentecost human resources rather than on the power of the had fully come, Peter turned from his cursing and denials Holy Spirit. of his Lord; James and John turned from their seeking for preferment; Thomas turned from his doubting to un- Prayer for a realization that every Christian is called alterable faith and love for his Lord and Master and all to be a missionary everywhere and at all times; for commenced, boldly, to preach the unsearchable riches of the realization that Christ and His Church can meet Jesus Christ their Lord. The cult of cowardice was the spiritual needs of this generation. changed into the cult of courage. These men crossed the seas, braved martyrdom and still preached, even to their Scripture Readings-Mark 16; Isa. 61; Acts 1: 1-11. jailors and persecutors, the unsearchable riches of Jesus Christ, their crucified Redeemer. Friday, January 11. YOUTH MOVEMENTS. No class, no condition, no age is kept from the blessing Thanksgiving for Christian homes, Sunday Schools, and if they watch and pray earnestly for it. Every day may all movements for the spiritual welfare of youth; for be a Pentecost to those fulfilling the conditions. Are we the new earnestness among the youth. looking for Pentecost? Do we want the same blessing? The godly Joseph Neeshima, of Japan, in a time of great Confession of failure to give youth a larger place in Christian enterprise; of neglect of the family as the • The chairman Is Dr. William Carter, a Presbyterian clergyman, chief means of Christian training. formerly of Brooklyn, New York; the secretary Is the Rev. Frank E. Simmons, of Brooklyn, New York, and other members of the gen- Prayer that the youth of this generation may surrender eral committee Include William A. Harbison, Hugh R. Monro, Dr. to God in Christ; that teachers of youth may utilize Don O. Shelton, Dr. Will H. Houghton, President of Moody Bible their opportunities and realize their responsibilities; Institute, and Rev. Daniel A. Poling, President of the World's So- that the enthusiasms of youth may be directed into Ciety of Christian Endeavor. The headquarters are 1421 Madison right channels. Ave., New York.

SC'npture Readings-1 Sam 3; Joel 2: 18-32; 1 John 2: 1-17.

Saturday, January 12. RESPONSIBILITY TO THE JEWS AND TO OUTCASTE AND PRIMITIVE PEOPLES.

Thanksgiving for the increasing response to the call of Christ among Jews; for large accession to the Church

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

stress said to his Christian followers: "Brethren we must This evangelical movement among Italians was advance, but we must advance on our knees." This is a great need of the Church today-to pray. To be effective, not the product of the missionary societies, but prayer must be personal, importunate ….. . came rather from the faith and passion of two The Church is needing another Pentecost. The President, his helpers, governors, mayors, and leaders in gen- Italians converted through American friends. A eral, are urging people to strive to solve these present national and international difficulties by moral and spir- little more than fifty years ago Antonio Arrighi itual means. The phrase most upon their lips is: "The Life more abundant," which means, in ecclesiastical terms, began his work on the lower east side of New the life that is hid with Christ in God. Evangeline Booth in her farewell address urged the nations, that had tried York which has continued in the far reaching everything else in their depression and anxiety, to "Try religion!" The Presbyterians of New York have inaugu- ministry of the Broome Street Tabernacle. Later rated a "Spiritual Crusade" and a "Covenant of Reconsecration." All of these are signs of what is expected of Michele Nardi, a talented young Italian padrone the Church and that the Church is getting a larger view of its duty to the perishing souls of men. in a mining camp, was given a New Testament The Fellowship of the Spirit stands for: (1) A recog- which so gripped him that he gave up his mining nition of the Lordship of the Holy Spirit in lives and hearts of men; (2) A whole Bible as the Word of God; and began the life of a missionary lay preacher. (3) A place for prayer in daily life; (4) A witness for God to others who need Him; (5) Individual sacrificial Italian churches in Pittsburgh, Chicago, New service to save the individual, the nation and the world, from itself, to God. A practical experience of these things York and other important cities trace their origin will revitalize the Church, stabilize society and change the world. to Nardi's flaming evangel. A report made to the This movement is only one of many that reveal Presbytery of New York in 1907 shows his influa hunger in men's hearts today and a sense of need for God and what He alone can supply. It ence by the following report: "During the past is evident not only in America and England but on the continent of Europe and in many parts of year two new Italian missions have been estab- India, China, Africa and other lands. But it is still a very difficult thing for human nature to lished and have been blessed with almost phenommake full surrender and then to follow the Way as revealed by the Spirit of God. enal results. The one in East 106th Street in the EVANGELICAL MOVEMENT AMONG colony known as Little Italy, with the noted evan- ITALIANS gelist, Mr. Nardi, in charge. He labors without compensation. From the first the room which accommodates only 114 has been crowded to over- flowing." Later, the city mission and denomina- tional home missionary societies gave their sup- port to the movement. Christian mission work of a very distinctive sort will be required for many years in the more congested and poorer Italian colonies. The continued need of these people de- mand the continuing interest of the missionary societies, but the responsibility for the conduct of the churches and for the direction of the work must reside in the Italian language churches and their leadership. W. P. SHRIVER.

A national interdenominational conference, SHALL WE ABANDON MEXICO?* which may well mark a new epoch in the evan- gelical movement among Italians in America, was Recent events in Mexico have prompted some held in New York, the first and second days of to question the worthwhileness of carrying the November, at the suggestion of the Italian Evan- Gospel to a people who are promoting education gelical Ministers Association. The conference was along nationalistic lines and seem to want no reconvened under the auspices of the Home Mis- ligion at all. When the liberal Constitution of sions Council and Council of Women for Home 1857 was adopted by Mexico and the Reform Missions, and began with a fellowship dinner, Laws promulgated, a section of the Mexican peowith over four hundred present, to celebrate the ple availed themselves of the privilege of religious contribution of Italian life to America. The ad- liberty and formed an independent evangelical dress was given by the Hon. Eduard Corsi, Di- church. When the Constitution of 1917 was rector of the Department of Public Welfare of adopted, all the provisions of the Juarez Constitu- New York. A united service of the fifty Italian tion were embodied. Church property was nacongregations of greater New York later brought tionalized and religion became a matter of govtogether an audience of nearly two thousand ernmental regulation. Moreover in Article 130 which filled the auditorium of the Fifth Avenue of the Constitution each State was given the right Presbyterian Church-a most unusual gathering. to decide how many clergy are to officiate within A fine spirit of unity prevailed throughout the its borders. Very little effort was made to enconference and the Home Missions Council was force these severe provisions during the years of asked to create a permanent committee to foster continuing cooperation in evangelical work among • Extracts from a statement prepared by the Rt. Rev. Frank W. Creighton, who was Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Mexico from the four and a half million Italians in America. 1926 to 1933.

reconstruction following the active period of the King Dormitory and Gymnasium were destroyed; Revolution. In fact not until 1927 was there any Junka Hall and the Dining Hall were badly dam- enforcement act passed by Congress. aged and other buildings suffered severely. The In spite of difficulties, evangelical Christians in total damage is estimated at Yen 123,578 but for- Mexico are doing an effective and helpful piece of tunately there was no loss of life.

work and are growing stronger in numbers and The Doshisha was started in 1875 with eight in zeal. Two articles of the Constitution of Mex- students. Today it has a total enrollment of 4,456 ico, as well as parts of others, deal with the ques- students (1,184 girls and 3,272 boys), 302 protion of religion. One of those articles grants en- fessors and instructors, with 12,591 alumni. The tire religious freedom under the law and one sec- Doshisha now consists of a Girls' Academy, Boys' tion of the Department of Interior is charged with Middle School, Woman's College, Semmon Gakko the duty of religious administration. Mexico is (a professional school of junior college grade), still very much concerned about religion, but is College of Commerce, Preparatory College, and very insistent as to the kind of religion to be University. It has always maintained the Christaught and how it shall be practiced. Mexico's tian principles of its founder, "for the advanceis a one-party government and any opposition is ment of Christianity, and the furtherance of eduanti-government agitation. When the Roman cation, to train men of living power for the serv- Catholic Church finds itself opposed to practically ice of true freedom and their country." every ideal of the Revolution and says so, the issue becomes clear. Protestants are not antagonistic The typhoon is also said to have greatly affected to the Government but suffer because of the con- Japan's political currents so as to force their actinuous strife. But the followers of Christ can- tivities into new channels to repair the damages. not either run away from difficulties or abandon An extraordinary session of the Diet was called the field because difficulties are acute. Such a sit- to meet the demands of the situation. The rice uation tries our mettle and steels us to go on. crop has been very seriously damaged and imme- Mexican Christians need our prayers and our sup- diate relief was required. The silk industry, on port as they go forward to make the living Christ the other hand, has been suffering from over-proreign in Mexico. We must respond to the crying duction, due to lack of foreign demand. This sit- uation and the need for relief have called for a need for the Gospel. decrease, rather than an increase, in appropria- The editor of World Dominion says: tions for the army and navy.

Mexico is making gigantic efforts to build up an original, THE FEDERAL COUNCIL LOOKS AHEAD genuine and national culture embracing all aspects of human life, without trying to copy or to be dependent upon The annual meeting of the Federal Council of other cultures and countries. The Indians are sharing the Churches of Christ in America was held in Dayresponsibilities of government. ton, Ohio, December 2d to 7th. Dr. Ivan Lee Holt, pastor of St. John's Methodist Episcopal Mexico is emphasizing, more than any other country in Church, South, of St. Louis, was elected president Latin America, the need of a school which will be coherent to succeed Dr. Arthur W. Beaven of Rochester. from the very beginning with the whole life of the Mexican The new vice-president is Dr. George W. Richnation, basing it more on life than on theories, more on ards, President of the Theological Seminary of the doing than on learning, and adapting itself to the daily Reformed Church in the United States, at Lanlife of the average Mexican-particularly the Indianmaking the schools, the text and the teaching to promote more a better life than general knowledge.

EFFECTS OF THE TYPHOON IN JAPAN caster, Pa.

The most terrific typhoon ever experienced in As in many other groups, the need for evan- Japan in modern times swept over the Osaka- gelism-the personal salvation of men through Kyoto district last September and destroyed or the Gospel of Christ-was emphasized, rather damaged many mission schools and churches in than the need for new methods of social service Osaka, Kobe, Kyoto and elsewhere. Approxi- and more money for education. A national mismately 3,000 people were killed and 14,000 in- sion to reach the "unchurched" was proposed, with jured. Eighty thousand houses were demolished, daily open-air evangelistic meetings in as many 350,000 were flooded, and 300 primary and sec- cities of the United States as is possible. Plans are ondary schools collapsed. Of 60,000 factories in being made for a ten-weeks' tour of twenty-five the Osaka district, 22,000 are reported damaged metropolitan -centers, with a team of some ten or or destroyed, causing merchants, artisans and twelve speakers. peasants to call for relief. The Federal Council stood strongly against One of the Christian institutions which severely traffic in alcoholic drink and in favor of all efforts suffered is the Doshisha University, Kyoto, to promote social and economic justice and interfounded by Joseph Hardy Neesima in 1875. The national peace and goodwill.

A VILLAGE ON THE SHORE OF LAKE NYASA – MT. WALLER IN THE

Robert Laws of Livingstonia By the REV. D. R. MACKENZIE, Edinburgh, Scotland IF ONE had to put into a single word his im- years, it is justly regarded as an outstanding ex- pression of Dr. Robert Laws, the first impulse ample of Christian progress in a heathen land. would be to say "massive." He was like a great block of Aberdeen granite, firmly rooted in the Pioneering soil congenial to his soul-the soil of the Kingdom of God. But "massive" after all means little; and David Livingstone died at Ilala in 1873. While Laws meant much over a wide area of human life the great traveler was pursuin,i his epoch-making in Central Africa. He did more for that great discoveries, his almost equally great spiritual sucland than any other man, of whatever rank or cessor was preparing himself for the task soon to occupation. He was a man of wide vision and far be placed in his hands. This was the task of givseeing wisdom; of purposes firmly held in the ing continuity to the work and shape to the asface of difficulties and opposition; of unfailing pirations of the Blantyre lad who had become the skill in the use of whatever materials lay to his world's hero. hand; and of sagacious adaptability in entering doors which either stood open or which, more fre- Robert Laws was born in Aberdeen in 1851 and quently, he was the means of opening. Add to this began to work as an apprentice in his father's a staunch courage, often called upon in those days shop, learning cabinet-making; but he was nursof the beginnings of his work, and always equal ing in his soul higher ambitions. Through the to every emergency. Equally massive are his difficulties and hardships which many another achievements. The Livingstonia Mission, under Scottish lad has overcome, he finally emerged, a his wise guidance, moved from one great success fully qualified physician and minister, a carpenter, to another until today, after a history of sixty with some knowledge of building, and a general handiness that never lost its skill in all the half century he was to spend in Africa. When the [7]

news came that Livingstone had died, Laws was guage had to be learned, houses and other buildready; and prosperous Christian men in the great ings to be erected, communication with the outer cities of Scotland formed a committee and estab- world to be maintained, and the health of the staff lished the Livingstonia Mission, now famous all cared for. It was a task for strong men, and over the Christian world. strong men had it in hand.

One watches in imagination a band of young Lengthened Cords and Strengthened Stakes Scotsmen, with Laws as one of their leaders, start out on the twelfth of October, 1875, to make their The tribes around Lake Nyasa shared to the toilsome way into the heart of Africa. Up the full the superstitions and beliefs of the Bantu great Zambesi River, with its age-long romance, peoples to whom they belonged. Witchcraft spread its baneful influence. The poison ordeal weeded out the enemies of the witch-doctor and the chief. The, spirits of the dead, always of- fended, were believed to send disease and death. Dangers lurked everywhere; for lions and leop- ards, controlled by evil men whose power was never doubted, sought the enemies of those who hired them, and killed or mauled them. Hunters went to the forest, and fishers to the river, guarded and reinforced by charms and magic medicines. Sickness was rampant and knowledge small of how to deal with it. To all this add the horrors of the slave trade, "the open sore of Cen- tral Africa," and inter-tribal warfare with its WHERE MARRIED APPRRiNTICES LIVE IN LIVINGSTONIA INSTITUTE they traveled into the hitherto little known Shire, A PARTLY COMPLETED NATIVE-BUILT CHAPEL its huge tributary. At last, in their tiny steamer, the "Ilala," rebuilt after passing the Muchison terrible toll of human lives and you have the ma- Rapids, they sailed out into the mighty waters of terials for a picture of what Laws and his com- Lake Nyasa, Livingstone's proudest discovery. panions were facing. And one listens, still in imagination, as these young men fling their challenge to the winds of a They faced it with a message of the Love of continent: "All people that on earth do dwell, God, and with a Book in which that story was sing to the Lord, with cheerful voice." Was it a told; but it first had to be translated into the lanchallenge, or was it merely a glad recognition that guage of the people. at last the end of their long journey was in sight? The winds carried the words three hundred and The first five years at Cape Maclear were years sixty miles up the Lake; then over hill and plain of toil and death. It was evident that if real progto what is now Northern Rhodesia; far out east ress was to be made a change must come. In and west to Zanzibar and the mouth of the Con- 1881 the headquarters were moved up the Lake to go; and in all that vast region there was none to Bandawe, in the land of the Tonga people. From join in the song, and none to whom the words, that time the development was rapid. Schools even had they been understood, would have con- were opened and teachers trained; men were veyed any real meaning. taken into the carpenter's shop for instruction; At Cape Maclear, famous as the first station of the Mission, the party settled down to work. Slowly the years passed; men came and went; or they came and stayed until death claimed them, and there they lie, witnesses to the compelling power of Christ, and to the strange tenacity of His servants in every land and every age.

Laws made voyages of discovery in the little "Ilala"; he undertook long overland journeys, establishing contacts with leading chiefs up and down the lake shore. An utterly unfamiliar lan-

ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA

others were taught bricklaying, printing, book tions were formed, with Kirk sessions and minbinding, and agriculture. The whole region was isters and evangelists, and schools were spread explored, and Dr. Laws, in such intervals as he all over the land. The Livingstonia Mission could command, took up his great task of trans- reached out into Northern Rhodesia at Ilala, at lating the· New Testament, preparing school Lubwa, and at Mwenzo; the people thronged to books, a grammar of the language, and dictionary the schools, eager to seize every opportunity for the use of new members of the mission who placed before them. were now coming to his aid. Under the direction of the Rev. A. G. MacAlpine a great mother The mind of the African race was being slowly church was built up, slowly other congregations reformed by many methods. Into the now safe were formed and other stations were opened world they went far from their home to work in throughout the land. Teachers, doctors and nurses the gold mines of Rhodesia, the copper mines of were sent out from Scotland and the Mission The Belgian Congo, and to other enterprises as was fully established.

Reforming the Africans But trouble arose. The wild and warlike Angoni, an offshoot of the fierce Zulus of South Africa, swept down from their high- land plateau and harried the unhappy Tonga people, burning villages, killing the men, and carrying off the women and children. Robert Laws went up into their country where he met the great warrior chief, Mombera, and the two strong men formed a friendship which was never broken. As a result of this conference Dr. Elmslie went to Ngoniland, and, after adventures that would have satis- fied a Knight of the Round Table, he won over the people and Christian progress was assured.

Meanwhile other events were happening.

Laws had long foreseen that the British Gov- ernment must take control of the country and, after a preliminary blunt refusal by Lord Salisbury, this was done in 1889. A great impulse was thus given to the forces of progress; peace was assured; the postal service united the country from end to end; roads everywhere began to be made; magis- trates administered the law, and numerous ancient feuds died out. Other missions were coming in. The Church of Scotland had long had its headquarters at Blantyre; the Church of England Mission established itself on Likoma Island; while the Dutch Reformed Oopyright-MoUat, Edinburgh. ROBERT LAWS OF LIVINGSTONIA Church of South Africa was working in the southern parts of Nyasaland. The Roman Church far as Zanzibar, and Durban. The homecoming also took up work, as well as the Baptists, and of these far traveled individuals brought new others. ideas to the villages, with new clothes, new ameni- The transformation of Africa was proceeding ties of civilization, new sources of wealth.

apace; and Laws, now a recognized authority in All this brought fresh problems to the mission- all matters concerned with mission work, was the aries, but Laws and his colleagues were equal to guide and counsellor of all. His advice was sought the demands made upon them, though often at by government, as well as by the heads of the new great cost to themselves in loss of health, and industries with which the country was being de- occasionally in loss of life. The problems of suc- veloped. Most important of all, the native Church cess took the place of those of failure. The great was growing with amazing rapidity. Congrega- crowds attending church and school had to be or-

ganized and shepherded. In 1894 it was decided In 1908 the Scottish Presbyterian Church be- that a central institution for training and educa- stowed on Dr. Laws, now grown famous, the high- tion must be established, and as a result the Ov- est honor in its power: he was summoned home ertoun Institution was founded, with Dr. Laws as to fill the Moderator's chair of the General As- principal. The Home Committee responded with sembly of the United Free Church. Already uni- funds and men and, as the years passed, this great versities had conferred degrees upon him, D.D., institution came to be regarded as the most im- M.D., LL.D.; the Government bestowed upon him portant educational work between the Zambesi the C.M.G. (Companion of the Order of St.

and the Congo. Students flocked from far and Michael and St. George); The Africa Society near, all keen to seize the unique opportunity pre- gave him the African Medal, which so very few sented to them. The Overtoun Institution trains have received. In the United States, which he teachers, ministers, evangelists, doctors, as well visited more than once during his furloughs, he as carpenters, bricklayers, book printers and bind- made many friends and highly esteemed support- ers, agriculturists, engineers, tailors. Today one ers. There were few to dispute with him the title, can see there, as now elsewhere in Central Africa, from which he himself would have shrunk, of the the sons of men who knew of no implement but greatest living missionary; for the Livingstonia the hoe and the spear, controlling complicated Mission was now, under his inspiring leadership machinery at the mines, on the river steamers, one of the greatest epics of the Church of Christ.

and in motor cars; the fathers knew nothing but But the years took their toll. In 1927 he was war; the sons preach the Gospel. The fathers asked by the Mission Council to meet the Gover- heard the drums beat for vile dances, the sons nor of Nyasaland, along with other leaders, to hear them summoning the people to worship God. discuss the question of Government assistance to An Independent, United Church education which had become of first rate impor- tance. But his health suddenly failed and he The story now runs with great rapidity. The sailed for home where he underwent a severe operchurches of the Presbyterian Missions, Scottish ation. He lingered on, still vigorous, and taking and Dutch, combined their presbyteries to form an active share in the concerns so dear to him, one United Synod of the Church of Central Africa until August, 1934, when he passed to his reward. Presbyterian. The natives wholly supply the funds of this church and draw nothing from Great Brit- Mrs. Laws was the great wife of a great man. She was great in herself; a great linguist; a great hymn writer, whose hymns nourished for a generation the native Church which· her hus- band did so much to establish. Indeed her history is so much the history of her husband, that it is difficult to think of any activity of his in which she was not his efficient and loving helper. She was, too, a woman of wit and wisdom, ready at repartee, a famous housekeeper and hostess, and the willing friend of all her husband's colleagues.

Men are great, not merely in virtue of the great -deeds they did in their own proper persons, but they are great because others have contributed to that greatness. Livingstone had his Laws; and Laws had his great lieutenants: Elmslie and Stuart who brought in the wild Angoni; Mac- Alpine, who built up the great Mother Church at Bandawe; Fraser, beloved at home and abroad; MacMinn, whose linguistic work is bringing fame to .Livingstonia; Chisholm and Moffat, who A CiHll:Ral-IS~T-IA-lN-FA-M-I-L-Y-I;N;"-L.;:aIo"V".I:oN:;;G:;;.;s'-TO-N-I-A—…&. brought in the tribes of the north and west. The history of the Livingstonia Mission will never be ain. There is a native Central Fund Treasurer; fully told until the great deeds of these great men the Clerk of Presbytery is a native minister; and, have had their full count of credit. So long as so far as possible, they are encouraged to manage the Church can find such men, and send them out their own affairs, but always with the mission- and support them, the fame of Robert Laws will aries to guide them where that is necessary. The go on and that for which all great servants of Church in Central Africa is standing on its own Christ stand-the evangelization of the whole feet, subject only to its Divine Head. world-will suffer neither eclipse nor collapse.

Problems and ,Encouragements

As Seen by Some Foreign Mission Executives T HE difficulties of the present hour are so many and so obvious that we are sometimes prone to be discouraged and to overlook the encouragements. In the home and foreign mission work the prob- lems were never more numerous, and sometimes they seem baffling. They clearly call for earnest study as to their causes and solution and they require faith and greater dependence on God rather than on human wisdom and power.

In response to a letter sent to a number of missionary leaders in America replies have been received to the following two questions: 1. As you see it, what are some of the special present-day problems that we face in the foreign mission enterprise? Such problems may relate to finance, changes in policy, difficulties in the field or in the home church.

2. What are some of the encouragements that you note in the hQme church and in the field? Such encouragements may relate to improvement in finances, to increase in interest in the home church, to the attitude of the young people, or they may appear in reports from the field as to the progress and outlook.

The answers received-somewhat condensed-throw much on the present situation. An editorial presentation of the problems and encouragements will appear in the next number of the REVIEW.

EDITOR.

I. SOME PRESENT-DAY PROBLEMS 1. The need for taking the whole subject of cooperation far more seriously than at present is ROBERT E. SPEER being done, judged by the results. There is im- perative need of our Christian forces entering Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions more promptly and thoroughly, having counted the full cost, upon what I call the third stage of Among the problems we face in the foreign mis- cooperation. By this stage I mean not only for sion enterprise today I would name the following: chiefly the pooling of knowledge and experience, but more specially pooling of plans (before they 1. Problems arising from false nationalism. A are made or entered into), personalities, money, true nationalism is inherent in Christianity and names, administration. in the missionary idea. Weare seeking to help each nation to achieve its own true personality 2. In almost every field and in almost every and accomplish its own mission of service in the board there is need of re-stating and revising proworld and we are doing our best to build up in- grams, looking ahead for a period of five years. digenous Christian churches to serve in the fullest I would find it difficult to name a half dozen agenway the true interest of the national life. The cies which have done this and have their program difficulties of the problem lie in the spread of a or plan in a form to be submitted, and have it false and unworthy nationalism. generally understood and accepted by their lead- ers near and far. This is very serious. 2. The problems which secularism and the naturalistic view of the world and of life present to 3. There is need for the creation of a deep and the Christian Gospel. We must have missionaries unshakable conviction on the part of the leaders eqUIpped to deal with these problems both by rea- and other discerning members of the churches son and by love. that the missionary enterprise has by no means attained. It is a shocking, tragic fact that with 3. The problems of devolution as it is called, reference to totally unoccupied mission fields (by meaning thereby the transfer both of control and which I mean those in which there are no misof responsibility from the foreign mission to the sionaries, or almost none), we stand just about national churches. where we did at the time of the Edinburgh Con- ference in 1910. In the partially and even largely 4. The problems arising from confusion and occupied fields we have, in most cases, only encontroversy among the Christian forces, absorbing in internecine conflict the energies which are needed for the work of aggressive evangelism of the New Testament type.

JOHN R. MOTT tered upon the period of high specialization, and, in my judgment, have still to render many of our Chairman of the International Missionary Council most distinctive and critically important services Among the most pressing major problems of in the work of evangelism and the training of the foreign missionary enterprise, as I see them, Christian leaders.

are the following: 4. The catching of the imagination of a new [11 ]

generation with such vividness, with such appeal keener sense of responsibility for the evangelizato the heroic, and with such compelling force as tion of the world in this generation. There is to ensure beyond peradventure a tremendous re- also the problem of finance, which must be solved sponse. In this respect the Church of Rome just if the work is to be carried on adequately.

now is putting us to shame.

Basically these and all other problems that are ROBERT HALL GLOVER pressing upon us will not be solved until we make much more ground than we have been making in Home Director of the China Inland Mission for North America recent years in solving our problem of leadership, 1. As related to the work of the mission in among missionaries, indigenous churches, and China there are the following problems: mission boards and their auxiliary agencies. a. The continued communist menace in several provjnces of Central China. The present situation ROBERT P. WILDER in Kweichow and Szechwan is particularly seri- ous. Two C. I. M. missionaries in Kweichow have Formerly Secretary of the Student Volunteer Movement,. been in the communists' hands since October 1, Recently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council and two others have recently been killed.

1. Some of the present day problems in the for- b. The difficulties confronting the Chinese churches in their efforts toward full self-support eign mission enterprise are the problems due to and taking a larger share in the work of carrying the Gospel further afield. I refer especially to the non-Christian religions, humanism, secular- exhorbitant taxation, burdens imposed by milita- rists, and heavy losses through communist banism, nationalism and the growing power of com- munism. / 2. Among indigenous Christians are the prob- lems due to persecution, especially on the part of ditry and calamities such as flood, famine, and fanatical Moslems and caste-ridden Hindus. pestilence.

There are also the problems of indifference. Often c. The cruel persecution of Christians among among indigenous Christians, the second and third several of the aboriginal tribes of Southwest generations have lost some of the glow and radi- China, notably the Lisu in west Yunnan. Bitter ance which the first generation possessed. This persecution is being meted out there by greedy is sometimes shown in diminished evangelistic and unscrupulous officials, because of the Chriszeal, in less of the prayer spirit, in doubt as to the tians' refusal to grow opium, and because of the full trustworthiness of God's Word, less reliance steady shrinkage of the whiskey trade due to the upon the power of the Holy Spirit, and less time rapid increase in the number of Christians. given to Bible study. 2. As related to the enterprise in general- 3. Among missionaries we find at times it is a problem to establish a firm conviction about the Undoubtedly the greatest problem, far more necessity of maintaining the devotional life serious than the financial depression, is the loss through giving an adequate time each day to Bible or weakening of conviction on the part of so many study for personal spiritual growth and private in the home churches, ministers in particular, reprayer. Work presses in, especially when the mis- garding the great essential truths of the Christian sionary staff is depleted owing to the financial faith. "Modernistic" teaching in seminaries and crisis. preaching in many pulpits are directly responsible for this. The inevitable and obvious results are 4. Some missionaries seem not to realize fully the waning of missionary interest and the dehow essential it is to know how to do personal crease of missionary giving among those thus work with individuals. Some are strong in pre- affected. senting the claims of Jesus Christ to an audience, but weak in helping an individual to take the de- If the missionary work of the Church is really cisive step in definitely accepting Christ as per- a divine enterprise, and not a merely humanistic sonal Saviour and Lord. project, then how can God's blessing be expected upon it, if ~ny are harbored in its ranks who are 5. It is not always easy to warn young mission- disloyal to His Word and reject the truths that aries against an assumed superiority as belonging lie at the very heart of the Gospel which we have to a better race than that to which the people been commanded to take to the whole world, and belong, among whom he labors. The Christian if "another gospel" is substituted? It is idle to a't- Gospel is one of love and should always produce tempt to make the economic depression wholly rein a missionary the right attitude toward other sponsible for the falling off of missionary support races and religions. when at least part of the cause clearly lies else- where. The ,cure cannot be effected until the 6. In the churches in America, we find the prob- cause is acknowledged and removed. lem of how to secure a deeper spirituality and a

PRESENT PROBLEMS AND ENCOURAGEMENTS

STEPHEN ]. COREY during the past three years that there is danger American Secretary of the United Christian Missionary Society lest we lose our capacity to be distressed at the injury to the work. The depression attitude has The problems, as I see them, include: already become a habit with some people, and 1. An exaggerated feeling that personal and lo- while many are in genuine want, others have been cal problems eclipse all else, although this is not too ready to avail themselves of the excuse af- as evident as a year ago. A sort of "pernicious forded by the psychology of the times.

localitis" effects both interest and giving. Anxious to prove to their constituencies that 2. The difficulty of maintaining interest when every economy was being practiced, boards have so many missionaries have returned from the vied with one another in making reductions in fields. We have been too slow in building interest their budgets and it has actually been true that a around Christian nationals and churches. We board which could show the most drastic cutting must press this point hard. They are our children has gained the highest approval of the Church- in the faith and greatly deserve and need our and this at a time when the need of the world for prayer, interest, and our support when necessary. Christ is so desperately apparent!

3. There has been too much dependence upon 3. In certain quarters there has been a relaxa- loyalty to organization and not enough on the tion of those basic Christian convictions that con- inherent necessity of the missionary enterprise stitute the very premises of the missionary enter- as an inevitable and inescapable part of an ade- prise. The nature of sin and its consequences, the quate Christian program. depth of man's need for Christ and the indispen- 4. The ideals of internationalism and world sability of Christ as the Saviour of the world, are brotherhood have received a severe blow. This elements in the missionary imperative that have has slowed down missionary interest in some either been challenged or rendered indistinct by quarters. the humanistic philosophy that has accompanied 5. The ideals of Christian stewardship have modern "liberalism." These basic Christian prem- slipped somewhat in recent years, due ises are essential to a vigorous missionary attitude a. To the excessive burdens taken by American and program.

churches in more prosperous days, with new build- 4. The spiritual condition that we confront in ings and equipment. The churches now find them- the world today is more difficult to reach than selves taxed to the utmost to amortize and stabi- were the simpler forms of paganism of the past.

lize their capital investments. While millions still cry vainly to gods of wood and b. To the tendency to be satisfied with paying stone, other millions have merely exchanged idol- taxes for relief in substitution for church and atry for godlessness. Surfeited with the super- individual efforts of love and mercy. The first stitions of the past from which they feel them- is necessary, but people forget the wider interest selves emancipated, they have turned violently of the church in a Christian program which state against all religions, and have become repudiators and municipal help can never reach. of faith, haters of God. Professing no God of their own, they deny freedom of worship to others, C. DARBY FULTON and are working to bring the world into one united Executive Secretary, Executive Committee of Foreign Missions, blasphemy. The difficulty of reaching these is immeasurably great. Presbyterian Church in the United States First of all, may I share with you some of our A. C. SNEAD problems: Foreign Secretary of the Christian and Missionary Alliance 1. The most obvious problem is due to the fifty per cent decline in financial support, from $1,248,- In the twenty mission fields of The Christian 000 in 1926 to $611,000 last year. Despite these and Missionary Alliance three problems stand out rather desperate figures, we have not had to recall as of major importance. any missionaries, though sickness, age, death and retirement have reduced our missionary personnel 1. In a number of the fields, particularly French from 516 seven years ago to 403 last year. Cuts West Africa, French Indo-China, Netherlands amounting to about thirty per cent in missionary East Indies, southern Philippines, and some provsalaries and stipends, and even heavier reductions inces of China, many' peoples and tribes give eviin appropriations for the work have had to be dence of being moved by the Holy Spirit to a made. Reserves possessed by institutions or by recognition of their need for Jesus Christ as Savmissionaries individually have been used up so iour and Lord when they first hear the Gospel. that we are now face to face with the time when This is so marked in some tribes that the number the work must depend only on its present support. of missionaries and native Christian workers is much too small to properly present the Word of 2. We have become so accustomed to reductions God to interested inquirers.

2. Another problem, met especially in Borneo 5. The widespread interest in evangelization and a French West Africa is that of shepherding and the breaking out of remarkable evangelistic the new converts who have been baptized. For movements in so many parts of the world, also in example, 628 were baptized by one missionary in the raising up of new and mighty evangelists, as one month recently in a district in Borneo, yet to well as apologetic writers and lecturers, within teach these converts and the more than 1500 other the past one or two decades, both among mission- Dyaks baptized during the last three years there aries and nationals. are available only one missionary and two or three native workers. ROBERT P. WILDER 3. A third problem has to do with government Some encouragements, as I see them, are: opposition in some areas, the imposing of an income tax and an increase in property taxes by 1. A growing desire for a religious awakening some governments, thus diverting funds from the missionary work. at home and abroad.

II. PRESENT-DAY ENCOURAGEMENTS 2. A greater spirit of cooperation among re- ROBERT E. SPEER ligious bodies, as seen in the work of the Christian Among the encouragements we see in mission and Missionary Councils and International Miswork today one would suggest: sionary Council; also in the movements which 1. The spirit of the young men and the young women who want to give their lives to foreign look toward church unity, as in Persia and South mISSIOns. A number of first-grade candidates have been earning their way by giving transfu- India and the recent conference of missionaries sions of their own blood. and indigenous Christians on evangelism, Chris- 2. The evidences of the working of God's spirit in individual and collective life, as, for example, tian education and on the production and circulain the baptism of Brahmans in India and the movement in the upper castes. tion of Christian literature. There are also signs 3. The increasing acceptance of the moral au- of closer cooperation between Oriental and Occithority of Christ in non-Christian lands. This is not enough but it is something and it represents dental Christians, as in the Fellowship of Unity a great advance. in Egypt, and in the work of the World's Sunday 4. The reality of the rootage which Christianity has taken all over the world and its indestructibil- School Association. ity by the most hostile forces, even in Russia. 3. The recent growth in the membership of in- 5. The steady growth of the churches on the mission field, in autonomy and self-dependence. digenous churches, as in India where there are 6. The increasing evidence that there is no hope now 6,296,763 Christians; in China' where the for man save in Christ; that the evil forces of the world cannot be conquered except by His Five Year Movement, from 1929 to 1934, has repower. sulted in stimulating the Christians to a deeper JOHN R. MOTT spiritual life and shows a willingness on the part Among the greatest encouragements in foreign missions today I would name: of the Chinese Christians not only to win others 1. The evident growth in conviction among dis- to Christ, but also to shoulder a larger proportion cerning Christian leaders as to our shortcomings and sins of omission. of the financial load carried by missionary soci- 2. The multiplication of fruitful and very re- eties. The Forward Movement in Japan has rewarding pieces of experimentation in missionary methods and practices, covering a wide range in sulted in 50,000 having signed cards, signifying the missionary program. their purpose to follow Jesus Christ. Though all 3. The growing interest in cooperation, notwithstanding failure to take the whole subject of these have not yet joined the Church there is more seriously. increasing evidence that Christians in Japan are 4. The fact that doors are open today, as at no time in the past, to the friendly and constructive recognizing their responsibility to evangelize their ministry of the Christian Gospel. fellow countrymen in Japan and overseas.

4. Another encouragement is found in the work of the Bible Societies. The Bible is still the best seller.

5. It is said that while Latin America has large- ly turned away from organized Christianity a speaker presenting the Christian message, as a new and vital challenge, can always get a sympa- thetic hearing. In Buenos Aires, Santiago and in student centers in Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela there have been eager audiences to hear the Gos- pel. – ROBERT HALL GLOVER 1. We of the C. I. M. are greatly encouraged by the sustained interest of our constituency of friends at home, as evidenced by their many let- ters, and also by our contacts in the autumn con-

ferences in the East and the West. Our Prayer Japan, China, India, and Africa all face great Union membership, composed of those who ex- issues and are in expectancy.

press the desire and purpose to pray regularly for 5. The penetration of Christ's influence, far China and the work of the Mission, is steadily beyond what we can count in statistics or mem- increasing. bership in the churches, is a matter for great 2. There has been a steady succession of appli- encouragement. The New Life Movement in cations for service in China; the number during China, based largely on Christian ideals, is an the past year has been particularly large. We illustration. It would be hard to find among edu- sent twenty-six new recruits to China in 1934, and cated and religious nationals anywhere in the non- we must have dealt with three or four times that Christian world, one who would not hail Jesus as number of applications. the ranking ethical teacher of the ages.

Eighteen new workers have also been sent from Great Britain and twelve from Australasia last C. DARBY FULTON year. Over against the problems and difficulties that 3. There has been a steady and substantial ad- face us today one could set a long list of encour- agements that far outweigh the difficulties. I vance of our Forward Movement on the field, with mention three that seem to stand out strikingly ever increasing visible results in conversions and in the missionary picture: baptisms. The opening of nineteen new main centers of work, and the baptism of 7,221 con- 1. The increasing open-heartedness of the peoverts, during 1933, made that a record year in ples of the world to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. the history of the Mission. This is not inconsistent with the fact that many governments seem to be slowly closing to religion. 4. There has been marked blessing attending In the time of Christ, just when the chief priests the special services on many of our stations for and the rulers of the Jews were seeking to destroy the deepening of the spiritual life of the Chris- Him, the common people were hearing Him gladly. tians, and the stirring of them to increased zeal A missionary writes: and effort in behalf of the salvation of souls here at home and the spreading of the Gospel farther "The doors for Gospel advance are flung wide as never afield. Chinese workers and foreign missionaries, before. The church in Brazil faces an unprecedented op- have conducted such services with blessed results. portunity. Crowds everywhere, as reports come in from Special encouragement has also attended the far and near, are willing to hear with attention and symholding of short-term Bible Schools throughout pathy the call of God to repentance and faith in Christ. our mission field, with the object of increasing The day of march has come!" the knowledge of the Word of God among the Writes another: "God evidently wants Africa, for never was the Holy Spirit more manifestly present there. At rank and file of our Christians, and fitting them Luebo Station alone we baptized this year 2,548 adults, and the church is aflame with zeal for Him." for more effective soul winning, and some among From another missionary comes this message: "There them for full-time preaching. During last year 329 such schools were held with a total of 11,500 is a mighty tide sweeping through China. It is the tide enrolled, in addition to our regular Bible Schools, of God's spirit moving upon the hearts of men." for the fuller training of Chinese pastors, evangelists, and Bible women. Dr. Stanley Jones declares that China presents the greatest evangelistic opportunity in the world. Dr. George Truett, returning from a South Amer- STEPHEN J. COREY ican tour, says the supreme challenge is there. Surely God is at work in all the world!

As to encouragements I see the following: 2. The new fervor for evangelism is one of the 1. An increased wistfulness on the part of min- most encouraging factors in the present mission- isters and others for the realities of religion. ary outlook. Despite the limitations that falling 2. Increased cooperative effort on the mission income have placed upon the work, our mission- fields. aries and their fellow workers are everywhere 3. Humility on the part of Christians in the manifesting an eager desire to extend the work recognition that as a church we have not come into unreached territories. In some fields this abreast of Christ's ideals in America and that centrifugal instinct of our missionaries is quite we must go to others depending upon Him and conspicuous. It is interesting to compare the lat- not on our own superiority. est reports of work in Brazil with those of fifteen 4. The great issues that face us abroad bring years ago and see how the names of stations and stirring challenges. The tides of secularism, na- outstations of former years are being replaced tionalism, and communism, call Christian people, from year to year by new towns and communities.

as never before, to take the message and life of The older ones are not abandoned but they are Christ to the whole world. The distress and dis- being brought to self-support as rapidly as pos- quietude of mankind summons us. Also lands like sible in order to release money and personnel for

the work of extension. It is gratifying to note that remains to be finished; there is even more that in several fields, despite every discourage- that yet remains to be begun. ment of the depression, new work has been opened and is being successfully sustained with most 4. The world has always needed Christ. Her gratifying results. need of Him today in the face of her complexity, bewilderment and sin is more apparent than ever. But it is the native leaders themselves that offer the most conspicuous examples of this evan- 5. In some lands, governments seem determined gelistic fervor. One needs only to mention the to close the doors against Christian missions. Kingdom of God Movement in Japan, the Five Year Plan in China, the evangelistic movement 6. The young life of the Church is ready to go that is sweeping certain sections of the Belgian forward. Applications from volunteers are pour- Congo under the leadership of Tshisungu Daniel ing in to our offices from some of the choicest and others, and the quiet revival of prayer and young men and women in the Church, who are personal work in Korea, as examples of such zeal. prepared to answer the need. The significant thing about these movements is that they have not been born in the initiative and 7. When in ~:very sphere of life the peoples of leadership of missionaries, but are the expression the world are being reminded of their mutual of the evangelistic fervor of native sons who have interdependence and responsibility, shall the set their hearts upon the winning of their own Christian Church forget her responsibility to people for Christ. every man or allow her sense of world mission to be dimmed? Dare we forget that our Lord's 3. Where two such movements as the foregoing, command has never been revoked and still conthe eagerness to hear on the one hand, and the stitutes the marching orders of the Church? eagerness to tell on the other, are found parallel, things are bound to happen. And things have A. C. SNEAD happened. The past year has been the most fruitful results in all the more than 70 years of our In presenting the problems I have already made foreign mission history. Outstanding among the results of the year is the record number of 8,383 mention of some encouragements in the fields. added to the church on profession of their faith 1. The Alliance is privileged to preach the Gosin Christ. It is granted that we cannot always measure spiritual results by statistical standards. pel and to have a share in building the Church However, it is a cause for great joy and thanks- of Christ in more language groups today than giving throughout our Church that last year in our foreign fields the number who stood before ever before in its history. The Church in the fields the world to acknowledge their sins and receive is taking over territory formerly under mission Christ as their Saviour exceeded by more than 2,000 those who took this stand in any previous responsibility and the Mission and the Church year. together are going forward into new tribes and To summarize, it is our feeling that the time new areas where the Gospel is thus being preached has come when a call to advance should be sounded for the first time. among the churches of America. Today the whole world situation is like one vast syllogism every 2. Despite government opposition in Cambodia, premise of which leads to but one inevitable con- the results during 1933 and 1934 are more encourclusion, namely, "Forward again in missions!" aging than at any time since the field was entered 1. The openness of the hearts of men and wom- in 1923. In a few fields the work of translating en around the world to the message of Christian the Bible into tribal languages is being steadily missionaries, attested by the letters that come carried forward and last year one of our mission from every field, constitutes a clear call to renew presses printed over 25,000,000 pages of Scripture our missionary advance. portions and Gospel literature.

2. The unparalleled productivity of mission 3. Both in the home church and on the fields work, yielding richer returns than ever before, there is evidence of the gracious working of the encourages us to move forward. Holy Spirit in causing believers to humble them- 3. Vast untouched areas await a new venture selves before God and definitely seek for a revival. of faith. With national churches gradually taking 4. Twenty-six new missionaries were appointed up the burden of the work we have been doing, it should become more and more our missionary for our Alliance fields in 1934 with the expectation aim and purpose to press out into territories where Christ is not known. There is much work of their sailing during the year or in the early months of 1935.

5. We praise God for increased missionary in- terest evident in many of the home churches and for the missionary zeal shown in the younger churches in -the mission fields. .

I believe that, despite every hindrance that Satan brings, we are facing a day of marvelous opportunity for evangelization in many parts of the world and we are encouraged to press forward in the name and by the enabling of Christ our Lord.

Situation in

As Seen by Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin I N THE Neue Allgemeine Missionszeitschrift, is the well organized propaganda such as that of Dr. Julius Richter of Berlin deals with a num- Agha Khan in the Tanganyika territory and oth- ber of present-day problems which are so im- ers. portant that they deserve close study. The first problem is that presented by the world- The fifth consideration is that to which we are forced by the world-wide propaganda of Bolshewide depression, which demands an adjustment vism. Its soil is amazingly well prepared by the to the shrinking incomes of all mission groups. unworthy and in many instances impossible con- This question in the background of all "recent dis- ditions of obtaining a livelihood among the procussions of missionary problems is "How can the letarians of the earth, as for example the 30,000,- important part of mission work be preserved even 000 unemployed and the abysmal poverty of though many related developments must be cut hundreds of millions of peasants in Imlia, China down ?" Can the present retrenchments of the and Japan. The great strength of this kind of sending bodies be made fruitful by granting the propaganda can hardly be over-estimated. new national churches in the mission field a greater measure of independence, and by urging great- Sixth, there looms the awakening, floodlike and er self-support in view of the diminished income powerful influence of an increasing nationalism. from the home boards?" These efforts of the Hand in hand with it, we observe the awakening younger churches on the mission fields are oc- of the national religions and sometimes the recurcurring at the time when they too are affected by rence, as in Germany, Turkey and Persia, of earlier and forgotten religions, which oppose the world depression. Christianity as being irreconcilable with the new Many factors have altered the position of Prot- ethic.

estant missions since the end of the World War. Changes Since the World War The first factor is the enormous loss of prestige Such conditions are entirely different from the which Christian nations suffered by the disillu- sionments which have befallen the non-Christians. views which prevailed before the war. It was These matters are too well known to need discus- then held that occidental civilization was either sion. identical with Christianity, or at least closely con- Second there is the growing gap between Chris- nected with it. This was the great time for such tianity and some views of modern science. All splendid movements as the Student Volunteers, nations want modern sciences and arts; but they the Missionary Education Movement, the Lay- are very reticent about any desire for Christianity men's Movement and for such slogans as "Evan- or the Christian Church. If we meet within the gelization of the World in this Generation." In body of Christendom such a thing as Bolshevism, Germany, in this period, the great colonial expan- with its radical hatred of all religion, and even in sion gave an impetus to missionary undertakings.

a country like Germany see a decided self-asser- Now, however, many churches are passing tion of a new German paganism on a nationalistic through an era of an ebbing of interest, a reac- basis, need we wonder at a holding back from tion! This reaction is to be deplored. During the Christianity on the part of non-Christian peoples? time referred to there were in most of the fields Third, we should earnestly consider the sur- efforts at work which were to crown the preceding prising progress made by the Roman Catholic efforts, by leading the young churches toward a Church in Africa and the Dutch East India, with complete self-support. But such aims demanded an expenditure of men and money such as the time for maturing. The highly developed conduct combined Protestant missions cannot equal. In of Protestant missions contained within itself an French, Belgian and Portuguese countries this inclination toward institutionalism, such as the Papal church may count on a far-reaching assist- founding of colleges, universities, hospitals, Y. M.

ance from the colonial authorities. C. A. buildings, publication houses. In the case Fourth, in the last few years before the World of even a great lessening of the supply of men War it seemed as if the progress of Islam had and means, there arises a danger of freezing up been retarded. Now we observe that in equatorial the assets of such enterprises. The men and Africa and in Further India, this religion is mak- monies necessary for the work of evangelization ing its power of assimilation felt among the prim- and the growth of the missionary enterprise leave itive peoples within its reach. A decisive factor too few means available for the magnificent enter- [17 ]

prises which have already been called into being. There is the hope that these young churches Dr. Richter thinks that there should be a new will develop a sufficiently large and strong initia- consideration of the work of missions but he de- tive that they will be able to take care of the non- clines such a study on the basis of some sugges- Christian masses surrounding them. We point tions in "Rethinking Missions." There should not with great hopes to the Five Year Plan of Cheng- be any reduction of the Biblical message of salva- chin-yi, the Kingdom-of-God Movement of Kaga- tion. Neither can there be any "moratorium" of wa and can well rejoice in what they have the missionary obligation on account of urgent attained. But as yet, the new churches, notwith- demands at home. The all-obliging missionary standing their excellencies, have not acquired the command, the royal authority and the divine missionary attack that is needed. Besides, we promise are sufficient for all believing Christians. can hardly compute the comparatively enormous What May We Expect? expenditures of effort and means required to carry on such work asthe occidental churches can carry, What may we expect as the fruit of our mission owing to the momentum acquired through the work? Dr. Richter enumerates answers to this centuries.

question, based upon experience gained in many 3. This places us before a great and difficult ages and many countries. task. At present many free missions are hunting 1. There are in Christian history three typical for unoccupied fields for their activity. Most of developments: First, the permeation of the Ro- them fail. The result is that Protestant missions man Empire by the Christian spirit and the Chris- tend to degenerate into aimless guerilla warfare.

tian Church in its competition with Oriental Besides, when we consider the many costly un- mystery cults, then the century of effort to realize dertakings carried by the sending churches, such "One Church-One Empire," and a failure of all as the establishment of such institutions as were these efforts since the rise in the fifth century of mentioned above, how can we expect these young- various separatistic churches. er churches to undertake work of such dimensions, Secondly, in the Germano-Slavic middle ages without abundant assistance from the sending the passing over of entire tribes and peoples under churches?

the leadership of their rulers and then a very slow 4. In the last century the missionary enterprise and very gradual penetration of these peoples with found open doors everywhere. Dr. Richter shows the Christian spirit and ethics. Thirdly, in the by the example of the missions in Africa that, Spanish-Portuguese national or state missions of while then one could be of the opinion that paganthe sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, with ism would soon collapse and what was most Church and State in close alliance, the setting-up needed was to gather the new Christians into of a hierarchy with state subvention. Modern churches, this is far from being true today. Modmissions offer few parallels to such work as the ern civilization is entering Africa by the three christianizing of the South Sea Islanders, largely channels of Protestantism, Catholicism and Islam under the influence of their rulers. and these forms are fighting each other tooth and 2. Nowadays the attention of Protestant mis- nail. However the Protestant churches today face sions is focused on the development of Christian the task of gathering the Negro peoples, so far as groups, with the aim of making them National possible, into Christian churches and train them Churches. It is generally thought that, when this into a real Christian life.

aim is attained, there will be no further need than 5. In Asia the strata first reached by the new to assist such churches in the case of emergencies. influences were the cultured circles. This may be Is such an expectation justified? First of all, in traced most easily in the case of three leading most mission countries the Protestants constitute countries. In Japan, the Samurai were the real only a small percentage of the total population. light bearers of culture. They have also given the For instance, in China two-thirds of a million church some outstanding leaders, such as Neeamong 500 millions, in Japan, 200,000 among 65,- sima, Ouchimura, Kagawa. In India, broader 500,000, in India five millions among 350 millions. areas were more quickly reached, but the caste In none of these countries is the Christian increase system stood in the way. In China the literati less than the increase in the number of births, so that the ratio is constantly shifted. Secondly, in were the on£s who hindered the spread of the all these countries we cannot fail to notice two incoming religious influence, but in more rece'nt peculiar characteristics, the one tending to isolate times there was being prepared a notable change the Christian bodies, the other to absorb them here too. However, since the war, the condition completely. We are not yet advanced to the point of things has changed surprisingly. The greatest where we may be sure that the present day Chris- difficulties today come from the growth of nation- tian groups will escape a similar fate. alism, which in most cases has become a violent

PRESENT SITUATION IN MISSIONS

passion and proves a considerable hindrance to 9. A noteworthy fact is seen in the circumstance the spread of Christian missions. that early Christianity faced a world in the proc- ess of dissolution, while the modern missionary 6. The question arises whether we might not finds that ancient systems are becoming more conhave some other means of reaching the great solidated. This is eminently the case with Hindumasses of Asia, aside from the natural work with ism and Confucianism and only in the case of individuals. In the world of Islam, most mission- Islam in Turkey is it possible to observe a general aries still feel that they must observe a waiting breaking down of the old. attitude before closed doors. But we still have the tried means of entering wedges, such as medical In early mission work in Europe, the bearers of work, schools and colportage. In Japan the work the Gospel found fresh youthful masses that were of Kagawa seems to find access to the masses. In not influenced by any great civilizing movements. India the efforts among those not in the castes We meet such a condition now only in Africa and seem to be gaining in influence. In China we face the South Seas; but in Asia the missionaries have a catastrophe in civilization, and that of colossal had to face ancient cultures, and their initial sucdimensions. Two overpowering influences are at cesses were gained mostly among the lower strata work through the collapse of the ancient Manchu of society. Today the problem is to reach those power. This involves not only the whole ruling who are the possessors of higher culture. In the system with its prestige and its cultural forms, attitude so far observed among such peoples, many but also the break-down of the old Confucian missionaries have had the feeling that all doors system of scholars and men of letters. Three were closed and all seats occupied. Now there are great forces are now entering the country: an indications that catastrophic changes are impendun-religious science, communism and Christianity. ing. Bolshevism is a new force which is present- China and Africa present the greatest missionary ing an aggressive front all over the world and problems in the Christian Church today. people are weighing the claims of Bolshevism against those of Christianity. Here the mission- 7. Christian leaders are sure that foundations ary faces not only a challenge, but an opportunity. have to be dug deeper along three important lines. The first field is the ethical, and spiritual. The 10. Since Lausanne, Christians have come to an problem shows itself most clearly in Africa. There understanding of the definite and essential conpaganism appeared under six forms, ancestor wor- tent of the Christian message. In this there has ship, magic, tyranny of chiefs, polygamy, slavery been a decided gain for the preaching of the and tribalism. Since missionaries were convinced Gospel. that these conditions were impossible among Christians they very properly proceeded to exter- 11. Dr. Richter says that great spiritual moveminate them. However it was frequently over- ments usually pass over peoples like great waves. looked that in the conditions that had matured for He thinks that all countries are at present not on centuries, there might prevail aspects that could the crest of any such waves, but in the depressions be used for the implanting of that which is truly between them. He refers once more to the great Christian. In many cases the African was con- losses which the world has incurred in recent sequently so denationalized that there remained years, such as the collapse of the church in Russia, nothing that could be done, except to ingraft a the liquidation of Panislamism and the Caliphate, life that was really foreign. Now the problem is and the breakdown of Confucianism in China. seen under the aspect of so anchoring the Chris- He mentions also the stop of great Christian movetian church in the native life, that the strength ments in the United States, and similar collapses that actually inheres in it may be used to make its in Germany. powers helpful to the Christian development. A careful study of present-day conditions and Three methods have been held proper in India. resources must give us the conviction for our faith The Roman Catholic Church acted as if paying no and a guidance for our conduct as follows: attention to caste. The Leipzig Mission regarded caste as a social and civil order, which merely That the living God is quietly building His Kingneeded to be purged of non-Christian extrava- dom through all the confusion of the peoples and gances. The Anglo-Saxon missions in the main that this is the end of the ways of God. regarded caste as a satanic perversion that must be utterly exterminated. That the person of Jesus Christ is central for all Christian proclamation and that all mission- 8. A similar problem arises from the conditions of language. At present it is being more fully ary preaching must have its start and goal in it. recognized that the language of a people contains peculiar elements of power that may be fully util- That Jesus Christ and His salvation is the final ized and thus become of great help in the develop- and deepest answer to all questions of human bement of a people. ings and that it is our task to hear the questions that arise from the depths of men and to give the true answer to them.

IF I WERE A MILLIONAIRE* By REV. W. H. Moss, M.A., B.D., HYTHE, ALBERTA, CANADA Do you sometimes plan what you would do if you suddenly became a millionaire? I am do- ing that today after spending two days of pastoral calling in a homesteading part of my parish. I parked my car near the highway and borrowed horse and buggy for the bush trails. Later I parked horse and buggy in the bush and walked more than two miles to visit a lonely bachelor on the far side of a muskeg over which horse and buggy could not travel. Incidentally I got my feet wet. My friend served dinner-fried potatoes, fried eggs, fried meat. (How do their stomachs stand it year after year?) As I was going from place to place, I was wishing I had money. If I were to become a millionaire, I think I should do some of the following things: 1. I should ask for Divine guidance in the discharge of such a responsible mission as the wise handling of so much money.

2. I should give at least one-half to the Missionary and Maintenance Fund.

3. I should continue to be a home missionary.

4. I should, as long as possible, let no one know that I had money, lest I become the prey of those who would besiege me with requests for help and so interfere with my regular work.

5. I should payoff the debt on the local church and relieve my people of the almost intol- erable burden of paying eight per cent interest and thus put new heart into them for complet- ing their place of worship.

6. I should send to Edmonton for a hundred-dollar violin that was sent in by a new settler for repairs two or three years ago and is being held there until the bill of thirteen dollars is settled. Thereby great joy would return to this music-loving homesteader who really needs his beloved instrument for the good of his soul.

7. I should take a pair of shoes to the cobbler and have patches put on the soles.

8. I should accede to the unusual request of one man for certain drugs for the treatment of bedbugs. He says he can't abide them.

9. I should buy school books for a girl. The grade desired is being taught in the local school and all she requires to continue her education is about eight dollars for books.

10. I should send a most promising young man to university in order that he prepare him- self for the Christian ministry.

11. I should buy organs for three log schools where I hold services.

12. I should provide a home in this village under the care of a Christian matron, so that several girls in the surrounding district might go on to school. Their people can supply meat and vegetables; what is needed is a place to stay and that place ought to be under reliable supervision.

13. I should build a hospital here, for the nearest at present is forty-five miles away and difficult to reach when roads are blocked in winter. I should have free medical service for the poor. Then there would need to be no babies born in crude shacks without a doctor in attend- ance.

14. I should give to every minister on a home mission field a year's leave of absence once in seven years and pay all expenses while he and his family visited their friends and he took a term at college.

*** But as I am not a millionaire, I pray that I be not like the Irishman who had a needy friend and said that if he had two cows he would give him one; and yet he did have two pigs and would not give one of those.

• Adapted from the United Ohurch Record and Mi88io,nary Review.

Cooperative Advance at

By the REV. CHARLES E. SCHAEFFER, D.D.

President of the Home Missions Council; Secretary of the Board of Home Missions, Reformed Church in the United States I T SEEMS anomalous under existing conditions These Christian leaders felt that a new social in the Church today to be speaking of an ad- order, new conditions territorially, religiously 1l.nd vance. The organized forces of Christianity ecclesiastically required a new strategy and a new are almost everywhere sounding the note of re- approach to the whole problem. Consequently treat. The slogan along the whole battle line is they launched "The New Cooperative Advance." that of retrenchment. Nearly all the home mis- If the advance of former days had spent its force, sion boards are either marking time or have re- a new advance would have to be made, so that called a large part ·of their forces from the field. home missions might always be true to its real Whole areas which were once missionary ground genius and spirit.

have been given up and the financial pressure has This new advance was to be along three distinct been such that curtailment of effort has become lines.

imperative and has caused grave concern among 1. The old home mission advance was on de- missionary leaders. nominational lines and the early religious history The heart and kernel of the work of home mis- of America was based largely upon denomination- sions has always been the pioneer spirit. The alism. This was practically inevitable when home mission forces have always constituted the America was new and young. Denominationalism advance guard of the Church. They have blazed had its rise in national, social, lingual, creedal, new trails, opened up new highways, discovered new areas and have always marched breast for- and racial peculiarities. I ward at the van of the procession. That is the very genius of this great movement in the bosom Some of these were an importation from the 'old or world, and some grew out of the religious soil ill America itself. But whatever their origin of the Church. A little more than a century ago historical basis, these denominations were per- the religious forces of North America were cen- petuated and extended into other sections of the tered in the eastern part of the continent. Then country. This has resulted in an oversupply of when the various denominations became auton- churches in many communities and has become the omous and indigenous, there followed a wave of chief target of the critics and of the cynics. It missionary expansion such as has never been wit- has resulted in the multiplication of churches of nessed in any age or in any land. Impelled by an many stripes and names, of sects, some of which onward urge the forces of Christianity pressed are so small as to be mere insects. This has been into the virgin lands and into the frontiers of our the scandal of Protestantism in America. Some country. The results were astounding. Churches churches are so small that they have no ability to and schools and colleges sprang up like Jonah's function effectively in Kingdom building. They gourd overnight and dotted the land with religious have a struggle for self-preservation. They be- a,nd educational institutions. All this was accom- come ends in themselves and thus they obscure plished practically within the space of a century the real mission of a church in a community.

and a half. Then suddenly, as though a hand had The new home mission advance now shifts the reached down, this expansive program of the emphasis from denominationalism to interdenom- Church was arrested. It halted along the whole inationalism. It does not advocate undenomina- front until today we are compelled to take an in- tionalism but it espouses interdenominationalism.

ventory of stock and make a fresh 'appraisal of It believes that there are foci points where denom- our task. Noone so keenly sensed this change of inations can join hands and where united effort conditions as did the home mission leaders. About becomes more effective, if not more economical, ten years ago they began to see which way the than single handed denominational activity.

wind was blowing and undertook to set their sails 2. The second new line of advance is that of in the right direction. They who walked late on cooperative effort. The old home mission enter- the deck saw strange lights rise and fall and they prise was inspired largely by the competitive prepared to meet the new situation when once it spirit. Each denomination tried to outrun, out- confronted them. strip, outdo the others. The law of the jungle [21 ]

prevailed. The Nietsche law of the superman in activity. Even this is better than unfriendly rivreligious circles dominated almost every situation. alry and un-Christian competition, but it by no Consequently there was a rivalry for place, pres- means exhausts the meaning of comity. There is tige, power. The rivalry was not always friendly. a positive aspect which involves not merely keep- The Kingdom of God suffered violence and the ing out of each others' way, but also means muviolent took it by force. There was a regular tual support and aid. Comity involves the idea stampede to occupy territory first, to erect the of the "big brother" on the part of denominations. most handsome, most costly edifice, and to secure Thus when a given field is allocated to a denomthe largest possible membership. Proselytism was ination the other denominations should say not practiced beyond measure and the church that had merely "Go to it-God bless you," but they should the pull and had the preacher and had the purse, come forward with their treasures, their money, got the lion's share and the others had to take the their members and pour the same into the allohindmost. Many a poor, discouraged minister had cated field so that the denomination that has asto be satisfied with the gleanings in the corners sumed responsibility for it can meet the situation of the field which had been neglected by the har- adequately. This can be done far more readily in vesters who reaped the full harvest. And all this new than in old communities. In new communitime the established Church in the East kept pour- ties local loyalties and traditions have not yet had ing money into these "mission fields" which were time to take root and develop as is the case in old largely competition centers. and well-established communities.

The wastefulness, the extravagance, the sinful- Certainly such principles of comity could be ness of this sort of ruthless rivalry in due time readily worked out among foreign-speaking comlaid hold upon the consciousness and conscience munities. Already much progress is being made of missionary leaders. They saw what a violation along many lines. I name only a few. There is this was of the spirit of the Christ whom they the matter of Religious Work Directors in Govprofessed to serve. And they said among them- ernment Indian schools. There is the work among selves, "This thing must stop!" There must be a the Mexicans, where nine denominations are cosubstitute for competition. There must be an end operating in work among Mexicans and Spanishto ecclesiastical rivalry. And happily they hit speaking Americans. There are the Summer upon the word cooperative, and declared that the Schools for rural ministers; there is the Chrishome mission advance must be along cooperative tian Approach to the Jews; there are definite lines. They set up committees on Comity; they local projects such as at Radburn, New Jersey; advocated the organization of State and City Boulder City, Nevada; the Tennessee Valley Councils, and projected programs of united action. Project; the work in the West Indies, in Puerto This involved a change of the whole psychology Rico and Santo Domingo. There have been set up of the churches but this cannot be effected over Denominational Community Churches, Federnight. Prejudices and policies are too deep seated ated Churches, Undenominational Community to be immediately supplanted by something else. Churches and Affiliated Churches. It is evident A long process of education is required to change that the home mission forces are on the advance people's mental and moral attitudes. Today no in Comity and Cooperation. one can question the rising tide of interest in comity and cooperation throughout the Protestant 3. The old home mission work centered its ef- Church. This growing interest proceeds in part forts almost exclusively upon individuals. The from practical considerations. Our Home Mis- work of making Americans Christians has been sion and Church extension agencies are financially only a partial success, as statistics sadly reveal. embarrassed and sheer necessity is compelling Out of 125,000,000 people, at least 70,000,000 rethem to pool their forces and resources with main outside of any organized institutions of reothers if the task is to be completed. This interest ligion. The National Home Missions Congress in springs also from spiritual considerations. Minor Washington, 1930, stated the task of home misissues which divide us are being put into the back- sions as involving "the winning of men and women ground and major issues which unite us are thrust to discipleship of Jesus Christ and to unite them into the foreground. The clearer vision of the with other disciples in the fellowship of the Chrismeaning, and the mission of the Church is serv- tian Church." ing as a great unifying and cooperative impetus among all right thinking people. This is only one phase of the task. The Con- gress went on to say that the task is also "to bring But comity has both a negative and a positive the Christian impulse to bear upon the broad, aspect. Negatively, it means not interfering with social and civic questions of our day." In other the plans of my Christian neighbor. It is the easy, words the new cooperative advance includes em- "let alone" policy in the field of denominational phasis on the social application of the Gospel of Jesus Christ, the christianization of all of life as

NEW COOPERATIVE ADVANCE AT HOME

well as of every life. It insists that all relation- and unified promotion of all the interests of the ships of life must be brought under the dominant Church. control of Christ. Here we face a task of tremendous proportions. This is a real job and the 2. An Advance in Promotion. This involves: task remains unfinished until every area of life (1) The bringing to the Protestant Church of is thoroughly christianized. Horrie missions today America a new vision of its entire task. (2) A is as nect!ssary and its opportunity is as great as thorough coordination of all the agencies of the ever in the history of our nation. The enterprise Church in an inclusive program in order that their somehow must recover its ancient passion and essential unity may be adequately expressed. (3) power. To the Church there must be restored a Not only to express this essential unity but at the sense of urgency and obligation in christianizing same time to contribute to the efficiency, the econ- America. But this task must be done not in the omy and the goodwill of the total task. haphazard, helter skelter fashion of pioneer and frontier days, but along well planned and defi- In the language of Dr. Henry W. A. Hanson, nitely constructive ways. The program must be President of Gettysburg College and Chairman of along educational and inspirational lines, based the Special Committee on Review and Forecast: upon sound ethical principles involving construc- "If Christianity is to make an impress of any contive methods of comity and cooperation. sequence, it will be done by a cooperating Church. The time has come for suspicions and misunder- The Home Missions Council and the Council of standings, based largely on superficial differences, Women for Home Missions have planned this co- to be put into the background. The great task of operative advance along two fronts: putting Jesus Christ into the life of our age will be achieved only by a cooperating Christian 1. An Advance in Program. (1) This involves Church. Will the Church be equal to the opporan adequate occupancy of every community with tunity of the present hour? If we fail in this the Christian ministry. (2) The avoidance as far as possible of all duplication of effort and of com- hour, the opportunity will be gone and we shall petition. (3) The setting up over the whole field of interdenominational organizations, in regions, stand condemned as unprofitable servants who states and cities, for the purpose of church planning, comity adjustments, cooperative activities have failed in a great crisis."

In the language of Dr. E. Stanley Jones: "We cannot go further unless we go deeper."

Satisfied I do not ask that I may see all of the road But if my groping hand can find Thee close beside My feet must press from day to day. Me, when the darkness closes round; I do not pray that all the burden of my load, If o'er my heart Thy love flows like a tender tide From off my heart be dropped away. When heavy burdens press me down; I do not wish that all the stones that bruise my If I can feel Thine arm about me when I fall feet Because the path is rough and steep; Be flung from off the path I climb. If I can lift my tear-stained face at Thy sweet I do not want the sorrows that my soul must meet, call Changed to some ecstasy sublime. When torn by pain and sorrow deep.

Then will the wounds I bear more precious be than gold, Or any treasure I can gain.

Then sudden shock or conflict fierce will find me bold To stand for Thee, nor heed the pain.

Then with Thy tenderness my brother's head I'll raise, And walk his faltering steps beside; Rejoicing in Thy love and at Thy smile of praise. And .0-1 shall be satisfied. -Don C. Carver, in The Christian Intelligencer.

a Kurd Becomes a

The Remarkable Story of a Moslem Mullah of Kurdistan -~I J; ;I ;;;;;;PI;;;;;;E"""RS_O;;;;;;N=====!.III~ ====B"""Y"""D"""E"""L;;;;;;A;;;;;;V;;;;;;AN=;;;;;;L;;;;;;.

ISLAM is proverbially the impregnable rock or religious dignitaries, and his father, Mullah which defies the advance of Christian mis- Rassul, was a distinguished Moslem theologian. sions. Raymond Lull, the early apostle to Mos- The boy was brilliant in mind and devout in spirit. lems, declared that he would die content if he At six years of age he could read the Koran and could see one follower of Mohammed truly con- soon mastered the Persian classics and Moslem verted to the Christian faith. Of all Moslems theology. When he was thirteen his father died there are probably none more fanatical and bit- and Sa'eed, a student of Moslem law and theology, terly antagonistic to Christianity than the Kurds became a teacher in the mosque school. He ad- of Kurdistan. These people are hardy mountain- vanced rapidly in religious and literary circles, eers, living in the territory of western Asia, a was considered a brilliant theologian, a master of t~rtitory extending from Lake Van and Mount Persian literature and a pious worshipper in the Arttrat to Kermanshah in Persia. They are fierce mosque. He was initiated into the mystic and fighters and many are brigands. Dr. Isaac Yonan powerful Naksh-Bandi order of the Sunni sect of'/(jrumia calls them generally "illiterate, crafty, and was looked upon as the rising star of Senneh.

wild, fanatically religious, warlike, lazy, treacher- While he was still in his teens people came from ous, cruel, hospitable, independent and remorse- far and near to ask him to write prayers, to be less robbers ….. To a Kurd a rifle of any new sewn in their clothes or hung in their houses, to European model is worth more than a wife, and ward off sickness and misfortune.

a good horse is worth more than a wife and two While Sa'eed was still in his early teens, he first concubines!' These people are all blindly fanat- came into contact with Christianity. Two of his ical members of the Sunni sect-those who strict- private pupils were sons of a Roman Catholic ly follow Moslem tradition. merchant and in their family he saw the use of Can one of such a race, and with such inborn strong drink which is very obnoxious to orthodox prejudices and wild ways of life, be persuaded to Moslems. A copy of the New Testament in Per- forsake his people and religion and become a true sian came into his hands through a student but follower of Jesus Christ? It is certainly impos- he could not understand it and a Catholic priest sible through any message or philosophy'recom- whom he ·consulted could not explain passages mended in the Laymen's Missionary report. that puzzled him. So he cast the book away in But that such a transformation is possible disgust. Image and picture worship, both ana- through the Gospel of Jesus Christ, is clearly thema to Moslems, which he saw in Catholic homes proved in the story of Sa'eed the Kurd, of SennElh' .a.nd.:cliurches, jed~himto believe that all Chris- who became Sa'eed, Khan, the Beloved Physician tians were idolaters and gewors (heathen). He of Teheran. His experience is one of the most gave thanks that he was a Moslem and determined remarkable and thrilling in the annals of mission- to do all in his power to bring infidel Christians ary history. The man is today an answerable to the true worship of.Allah as revealed in the argument for the power of Christ and the worth- Koran. .'~ whileness of Christian missions.* Thus he became~till more studious and devout Sa'eed was born seventy years ago in Sen- in his observance' of all the requirements of his neh, a city of some 60,000 inhabitants, with the Islamic faith. – reputation for being the most fanatical in Eastern At about this time an Assyrian Protestant Kurdistan. It has more mosques than any other Christian, Kasha Yohannan (Pastor John) of city of its size. Sa'eed came of a line of mullahs, Urumia came to Senneh, sent by the American –;-;rhls remarkable life-story is told In "The Belo·ved Physician of missionaries as an evangelist. He inquired for bTuerhyeraPnr,e"ssb, yNDasrh. vIisllaea,c TYenonneasnseoef. Pe$r1s.i0a0.. Published by the C<>kes- some one to teach him Persian and was referred [24 ] DR. SA'EED KHAN, THE CHRIST'I'&N KURD, AND HIS SONS to Mullah Mohammed Sa'eed as he was then called. controversy was an eye-opener for Sa'eed and Finally an agreement was reached whereby the created in him a genuine admiration for his mullah would teach the pastor Persian in ex- Christian teacher. change for lessons in Syriac. They used the Psalms and the Gospels in Persian and Syriac as At this time the elder brother, Kaka, the head a basis for their study. At first Sa'eed would not of the family, became disturbed over the growing give a "Salaam" (peace be on you) on entering friendship, and forbade Sa'eed to continue assothe house of this unbeliever so he deceived him by ciating with the gewor. But when the young man saying "Sahham" (may the sword come upon explained that his purpose was to expose the unyou). While the Prophet Mohammed indorsed tenable position of Christians and to lead them to both the Old and New Testament, Moslem tradi- the true faith, Kaka was persuaded to withdraw tion teaches that the Bible of the Christians is a his prohibition. The brilliant youth continued to hopelessly corrupted form of the original text. visit and argue with the older pastor who dis- Pastor John's prayers were not formal but sin- cussed with him patiently the relative merits of cere and included confession of sin and petitions Islam and Christianity, comparing the Bible and for friends and enemies alike-something abso- the Koran, Jesus and Mohammed. Sa'eed began lutely foreign to Islam. The pastor was a man to see that the Pastor understood the Bible and of tact and loving spirit. He did not criticize also the Koran. They read together the Sermon Mohammed or the Koran but lived a Christian on the Mount and the Gospel of John, one prelife before his pupil-teacher and so won his con- senting the social principles of Christianity and fidence and respect. the other presenting the evidence of the deity of Jesus. The Psalms and Isaiah brought to light Christian work among Moslems being pre- the Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah-all scribed in Senneh, Pastor John started his mis- points of controversy between Moslems and Chrissionary work among the Jews. One day a group tians. Sa'eed's interest deepened from day to day. of young Jews challenged him to prove that Jesus He compared the prophecies, the birth and life was the promised Messiah of the Old Testament. and death of Jesus with the history of Moham- Sa'eed happened to be present and, as a neutral, med. The explanations of Sheik Imam J umeh was asked to act as judge. Later Sa'eed wrote: were not satisfactory, while those of Pastor John "Pastor John, throughout the discussion that last- showed knowledge and honest reasonableness. ed three hours, impressed me with his unpreju- Sa'eed had been taught that Old Testament prophdiced honesty and remarkable knowledge of the ecies referred to Mohammed not to Christ but Old Testament. I often had to rebuke the Jews as he read the forty-second chapter of Isaiah and for their stupidity and hardness of heart." This other passages he could not fit them into the his-

tory of the prophet of Mecca. The one was the Finally Christ conquered. Sa'eed says, "In the embodiment of love and purity and peace; the twinkling of an eye the raging sea was hushed, other was the prophet of the law, of compromise and peace flooded my soul. I could not have ex- with the flesh and an advocate of war. Sa'eed plained why I loved Jeesus but I was simply began to study Hebrew so that he might find out charmed." It had taken two years to reach this if the Old Testament had ,been accurately trans- decision and Sa'eed had counted the cost. He knew lated. Later he said: that apostasy was looked up'on among his people "The things that impressed me most and caused as a crime worthy of death.. ,' His bigoted brother the light to come into my soul were the beautiful and uncles and the whole clan would be enraged life of Pastor John, his truthfulness, his wisdom at the thought of one of their number-a mullah- and knowledge of the Scriptures. As I compared becoming a renegade. It was a gigantic battle this with my own life and the lives of great Mos- for a youth of eighteen, but he felt convinced that lem ecclesiastics I said: 'Surely there must be in God was with him. Soon after this Pastor John Christianity something more sweet and powerful was obliged to.1eave Sennah but before leaving he than there is in Islam.' ….. One day I asked the baptized Sa'eed behind closed doors.

pastor plainly: 'What do Christians think of Mo- For some time the young convert continued to hammed?' He hesitated and then said, 'Jesus said teach in the mosque and to perform his duties as that false prophets would come after Him. The a muezzin five times a day. Then one day, as he life and character of Mohammed are such that read the words of Christ, "Ye cannot serve two we do not think he is a worthy prophet to repre- masters," he seemed to hear a voice saying to sent the Holy God.''' him: "Sa'eed, you are trying to serve two mas- But Sa'eed was not ready to yield. He was ters. You do not believe in what you testify in angry and returned Pastor John's Bible, ceased the muezzin call that 'Mohammed is the apostle his visits for a time and devoted himself more of God.''' That evening he compromised and in than ever to the Koran, to his religious duties, to place of calling out, "ashad-inna" (I testify) he his religious teaching and to his work as a muez- used the words "astakh-/er-Allah" (God forbid) zin (giving the daily calls to prayer). But he that Mohammed is the apostle of God. But this could not escape from Christ. One day the thought did not long satisfy his sense of loyalty to his came to him: "What, after all, if Mohammed was Master. One day when he was sitting in a vine- an imposter?" The shock was so terrific that yard, reading the story of the crucifixion and men- Sa'eed began to buffet himself saying, "0, cursed tally picturing Christ's death on the cross for him, fellow. Satan has got hold of your heart." He he had a desire to celebrate the communion.

sought cleansing and peace by ablutions and Opening his handkerchief he took out the bread prayers, but in vain. He was in agony and con- for his luncheon squeezed grapes into the palm tinually sleepless. One night he jumped up de- of his hand and partook of them in memory of termined to atone for his blasphemy against his Christ. "The vineyard became a temple and the prophet. He branded his legs with live coals, common meal a sacrament." New strength came making two deep scars to remind him that he was into his soul and he decided that he must deny a Moslem and that he must never again converse himself, take up his cross and follow Christ. That on religion with a gewor. night there was no muezzin call from the minaret.

Still peace did not come to the soul of Sa'eed. His kinsfolk noted the silence of Sa'eed's voice As the scars on his legs healed the burning in his and feared that he might be ill. When the young heart grew more unbearable. The. more he studied and taught the Koran, the more he discovered its man came home he found members of the clan errors. One night, as he returned from the mosque gathered and he handed his brother a letter which he stumbled and fell. Lifting up his voice he read: cried out, "0 God, make plain to me the right way and I will follow it. Otherwise I will go insane." In the nu'/11./l of one only God My Brother: The dangers to my life grow greater day by day. I am a Christian and confess it to you openly. If you will murder your brother my life is in your hands. I cannot escape-yet death will be gain to me. If you In an instant he says, "I felt lifted up and made spare my life, I will be thankful and will serve you as up my mind as to what I should do." much as I can. My wish is to leave here so that you Again he began to visit Pastor John and spent may be in peace. Your brother, Sa'eed. hours each day in study of the Bible, memorizing the Sermon on the Mount. He was particularly A bomb exploded in the midst of the company impressed by the book of Isaiah, the Gospel of could not have created greater consternation.

John, some of the Psalms, and the narrative of Women pulled their hair, beat their breasts and the suffering, death and resurrection of Christ. the men shouted "Ka/ir" (blasphemy). Kaka, his At the same time he studied and compared the brother, laid his hand on his dagger with the im- Koran and the Moslem commentaries. . pulse to slay the renegade who had become an

WHEN A KURD BECOMES A CHRISTIAN

infidel. The uncles urged delay and suggested that was called to their homes all over the city, night Sa'eed was deranged and that he be given an op- and day. Later he visited England to perfect portunity to recant. That night while the family himself in surgery and in the treatment of eye, were asleep on the roof the young man left his nose and throat. When he returned to Hamadan home determined to flee to Hamadan and there he specialized in eye surgery and word of his won- take refuge with the missionaries. He was over- derful kindness and skill spread to every part of taken and beaten. When his brother threatened Persia.

to kill him Sa'eed calmly said, "My brother, do During an insurrection he was called upon to not kill me-not for my sake but for your own." accompany the army of Ain-Douleh, son-in-law The Moslem's rage subsided before the gentleness to the Shah, to minister to the soldiers. In this of the Christian; the spirit of Christ was vic- campaign his private tent was next to that of the torious over the sword of Mohammed. As the general on whom his humble Christian life and brothers returned home Sa'eed began to tell his unselfish service made a deep impression. In rec- brother why he had determined to follow Christ ognition of his services, Sa'eed was given a yearly but Kaka only cursed him for his blasphemy. allowance for life and the honorary title of Khan.

Murderous threats followed from the fanatical He became for a time private physician to Ain- uncles. Again at night Sa'eed fled and again he Douleh with whom he had many private conversa- was followed and brought back but the third time, tions on spiritual themes. When one of the favor- by avoiding the highways and traveling at night, ite wives of the Shah, Muzaffar-AI-Din, was taken he reached Hamadan weary and famished. Here ill Dr. Sa'eed Khan was chosen, instead of any of Dr. Alexander, the Presbyterian mission surgeon, the foreign doctors, to perform the operation. He gave him food and shelter and after hearing his prayed earnestly to God for strength and the oper- story put him to work at the menial task of ation was successful. Thus Dr. Sa'eed Khan, the stable boy. persecuted and despised apostate Moslem, one- Now began a new period of Sa'eed's life. As time stable-boy in the American Mission, became the young man thought of his Master born in a one of the high dignitaries of the Persian Capital, manger, the stable became a sanctuary where he in great favor at the Shah's court.

could read his Bible and worship God without At one time he was called to the bedside of an fear. His family gave him up for lost but as the influential Moslem ecclesiastic who had been bit- news of his apostasy spread, all Kurdestan was ter in his hatred for the apostate doctor. The case stirred with rage; bazaars hummed with gossip was discovered to be beyond the help of medicine and decrees were issued by leading sheikhs sanc- or surgery. This was explained to the patient and tioning his murder. Dr. Sa'eed asked his consent to carry the case in Another Assyrian Christian from Urumia, Pas- prayer to the Great Physician. Now Sa'eed the tor Simon, who was living in Hamadan, soon dis- doctor became Sa'eed the intercessor. Taking the covered in Sa'eed a true Christian and a scholar cold hand of the mullah he kneeled down by the whose talents and training were too valuable to bedside and prayed, be devoted to caring for horses. He engaged the "0, blessed Jesus, our only hope for the recov- young man as a teacher of Persian language and ery of this Thy sinful creature is in Thee alone.

literature, while in his spare time Sa'eed studied Thy power and mercy are without limit. If it be English and medicine under Dr. Alexander. Be- according to Thy Holy will, wilt thou restore him fore long Kaka came to visit Hamadan, in search to health again."

of his brother, and was so impressed by his joy As he prayed, the tears rolled slown his cheeks. and beauty of character that he too became a The effect was startling-his courage, his sym- Christian. pathy, his honesty and his sincerity made a deep The Christian Doc.tor impression. The patient recovered and became the After a period of preparation Sa'eed became an life-long friend of the doctor.

assistant in the mission hospital and seven years But while friends increased, his enemies were later began his own medical practice. He also still many and bitter. At one time he desired to gave public adresses in Christianity to patients visit Urumia to see his wife's relatives and to meet and students. On all his visits to patients, both again his old friend and spiritual father, Pastor rich and poor, he carried his Bible and never John. His road led through Kurdestan which was missed an opportunity to speak to them of sin, its in turmoil on account of an effort to rescue a girl consequences and its cure and of the Great Physi- who had been taken by force into the harem of a cian of souls. Thus, in a remarkable way, he ef- Kurdish chief. The roads were unsafe and Dr.

fectively combined ministry to the physical and Sa'eed was urged not to pass through Kurdestan, spiritual needs of his patients. His fame spread the stronghold of his enemies who had sworn to so that hundreds crowded his dispensary and he kill him. After prayer, however, he decided to

trust in God's protection and to take the journey. begged to be excused from this liberal hospitality He went through the hostile country, ministering and settled at the home of Shamasha Shumel everywhere to the sick and giving medicines to all (Deacon Samuel), who was the native missionary in need. His courage, courtesy, kindness and from V rumia. An hour later a secretary of the skill disarmed the hostile Kurds and they became Governor appeared with four or five servants his friends. bringing a few cones of sugar, a quantity of tea, But Dr. Sa'eed's heart still yearned to help his some candy, and two young lambs for our supper, own people in Senneh, who were still bitter in as well as a letter of invitation to dine with the their hatred of the apostate who had disgraced Governor the next day. Our visit with the Gov- the family name. Since he himself could not re- ernor was most pleasant. He embraced Dr. Sa'eed turn home, he finally persuaded Dr. Jesse Yonan, very cordially for the two had become acquainted an Assyrian physician who had studied in Amer- when Zafar VI Mulk was Governor-General in ica, to go to Senneh to serve his people as a Chris- Hamadan. After dinner we met several of the tian physician. Dr. Sa'eed accompanied his sub- high dignitaries who all knew Dr. Sa'eed by repu- stitute for some distance on the journey. On the tation, as an apostate from Islam.

way they met a noted brigand who came to consult Many of the mullahs were anxious to meet Dr.

the doctor on prevalent diseases and their treat- Sa'eed for a religious controversy, and they ment. Learning something of the doctor's fluency crowded into the large living room at Shamasha in speaking and writing in Turkish, Kurdish, Shumel's. The doctor met their questions with Arabic, Syriac, Persian, and English, the chieftain such clear, uncompromising statements that Jesus asked him to write something that he could keep. is the only Saviour and gave such evidence of his In response the doctor wrote John 3: 16 and superior knowledge of the Koran and his ac- signed his name. The brigand was astonished to quaintance with the Bible that the audience was find that the name was Kurdish and when the greatly impressed. Instead of challenging him, doctor confessed that he was a Christian a change as had been their intention, they were spellbound came over the visitor and he said: "It is a pity under his earnest exposition of the Bible. After I have accepted your hospitality so that I cannot listening for more than an hour these men were kill you." Without another word he withdrew. changed from enemies to friends. Two "men"

At another time the doctor was waylaid by from Senneh who had vowed to kill him, ap- brigands but when they found that he was a physi- proached Dr. Sa'eed. They had been boyhood cian they only asked about the treatment of cer- classmates in Senneh and everyone expected them tain diseases, received a supply of quinine and to attack him; but as soon as they neared the boric acid and then sent a guard to accompany the doctor they embraced him most affectionately. The "Honorable Doctor" to his next stopping place. occasion was very solemn and made a profound Dr. Yonan, his companion, writes: impression upon all those present and the would- "Monday morning, before starting out, we were be murderers departed with love in their hearts.

warned by the Rev. Benjamin Labaree, not to go When Dr. Sa'eed and Dr. Yonan left Souj- through Souj-Boologh, because he was informed Boologh more than one hundred and fifty people, that two men from Senneh had come to Souj- most of them Kurds, from all walks of life, came Boologh and were waiting there to meet and kill to see them off and the two men, who had come Dr. Sa'eed. We hesitated and then the doctor with murder in their hearts, wer·e the last to say said: 'All of yesterday and today we have been good bye. No miracle could have been greater preaching to the people about the presence of God than the change from assassins to kind, and brothand about His p~otecting power; now we are dis- erly friends.

playing our own lack of faith in that power.' We Some twenty years ago Dr. Sa'eed received a decided at once to take the route through Souj- very urgent appeal to come to the help of a Kurd- Boologh and started out much encouraged. The ish sultan (or great chief) who lived at Awraman, city of Souj-Boologh is the seat of the govern- eight days' journey on horseback from Hamadan.

ment and is situAted on a mountain slope. The The danger was great and the Doctor's friends Governor's palace was in a most commanding strongly opposed his· risking his life among wild position, from which the Governor could observe, and fanatic Kurds many of whom were brigands with his field glasses the movements of the travel- and one of wbose sheikhs had issued a "decree of ers on the main road leading to the city. He evi- sanction" to murder Sa'eed as an apostate from dently saw our caravan long before our arrival Islam. The Kurdish sultan sent an armed escort for we were met by a deputation sent to inform and promised to be responsible for the Doctor's us that the Governor was greatly pleased to know safe return home, so after laying the matter be- of the presence of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, and desired fore God in prayer, Dr. Sa'eed felt it was his duty us to be his guests at the mansion. Politely we to go. He reached Awraman safely, performed

the operation that successfully restored the sul- Dr. Sa'eed was teaching his regular Bible in his tan's eyesight and ministered to many other pa- home in Teheran, a man entered with a few of tients. The hostile sheikh, realizing that he could his followers. It was Mahmood Khan Sanni, the not kill the doctor while he was under the sultan's notorious Kurdish brigand. He had been capprotection, endeavored to win him back to Islam tured by Government troops and brought to Teby sending a large delegation of the mystical heran as a hostage. Now, conscience-stricken, he Naksh-Bandi, the society to which Sa'eed had fell on his knees and kissed the hem of the docformerly belonged. The doctor describes the tor's robe. Then he sat down and heard the good scene as follows: physician expound the passage from Romans 5: 8-10, "While we were yet sinners, Christ died for The court was packed as I entered and the sheikh wel- us." "If, when we were yet enemies we were comed me in the name of all, and showed me a place to reconciled to God by the death of His Son, much sit by his side. After a~ exchange of formal greetings, more, being reconciled we shall be saved by His everything became very quiet. As I looked around the life." audience, what a sight! Every eye was fixed on me. I could see blood and hatred, violence and vengeance, in At the close of the Bible study, the former brigthose serious and gloomy faces. A feeling of anxiety for and made a humble confession, and received a a moment depressed me and I prayed in my heart, "0 Bible and religious tracts. Since then the peni- God, I am in a lions' den. Be as close to thy servant as tent sinner has been a frequent visitor in the home thou wast to thy servant Daniel." of the doctor and he and his men have received hundreds of dollars worth of medicines and treat- At a sign from the sheikh all the audience at ment free of charge from the one whom he once once began to sing and chant, at first in moderate tried to kill. Once more Christ-like love has and subdued tones, then slowly growing louder proved itself more than conqueror over hatred and wilder. When they were well warmed up, and murder. reason gave way to emotional excitement; they beat their uncovered breasts and faces, shouting The captain of the sultan's band that escorted and howling like madmen. Their mouths were Dr. Sa'eed on his perilous journey was a devout foaming, but they still repeated the word "Allah" Moslem and a descendant of the prophet. On the until they had lost their voices. When they had journey he saw Christ and the Christian religion reached a high pitch of excitement, slowly they so clearly exemplified in the Doctor's life and in began to lapse into a state of hypnotic insensibil- his testimony from the Word of God, that he too ity. Dr. Sa'eed wrote: later confessed Christ as his Saviour and Lord. He visited Hamadan to learn more of Christ and took The sheikh had arranged this performance with the back with him Bibles in Persian and Arabic and idea of warming my cold heart, and to make me return tracts to distribute among his people. to the true faith. But as I listened and observed, how my soul bowed before Him, the Son of God who had sev- Can Moslems be converted? Can a fanatical ered my chains and had set me free from this wild slavery. Kurd become a Christian? Is Christ greater than Tears came to my eyes and I had difficulty in keeping Mohammed? Is the Word of God more powerful them back lest they should fall at the wrong time and than the sword of Islam? Who can doubt it after carry a wrong impression. Did not my soul tell him, reading the history of Dr. Sa'eed, Khan, the Be- "I have more understanding than all my teachers: for loved Physician of Teheran? He is now over thy testimonies are my meditation. I understand more seventy years of age and has been a Christian than the ancients, because I keep thy precepts?" (Psalm for over half a century. He has grown daily in 119: 99, 100.) Christian experience, has reflected Christ in his daily life and in his medical service. Without During the performance, which lasted over two slighting the requirements of his medical prohours, the doctor was a quiet listener and ob- fession he has been a true evangelist. He has server. When the meeting was over, he expressed been a constant student and teacher of the Bible, his thanks and returned to the sultan's house. and his faith and COlll"ag-e and love have never failed. Thousands of Kurds, Persians, Jews, The sheikh, seeing that his "spiritual perform- Turks, Assyrians, Armenians and others of all ance" had accomplished no result, wrote and stations and conditions-high and low, rich and asked for another private interview but the doc- poor, learned and ignorant-rise up to call him tor wrote him a letter, quoting verses from the blessed. Can anyone estimate the result at home Koran and traditions, and concluded by inviting and in the mission fields if ('very Christian would him to become a Christian. so reveal the spirit and power of Christ in char- acter and dailv jifp? What Jesus Christ can do The hostile sheikh, defeated in his purpose, for a converted Kurd, He can do for men and hired a notorious brigand, Khan Sanni, an enemy women of any other race or nation. of the sultan, to waylay the doctor and kill him on the road at night. This plot was discovered and the sultan sent the doctor and his escort by another road. After the brigands had waited in ambush for five days, they returned "like whipped dogs" to report their failure.

Fifteen years later one Sunday afternoon, when

Eben E

.If Devoted Friend of Missions and Missionaries _~I.L.._=R=E=V==.=AS_AnM_AU=EppL_rM_e._ZCiW_aEtM_iEoR_,n_D_b.yD=.t,hP_rei=n=c=et=o=n=,;N;;.!]J.il~~._ W HEN Kate Van Santvoord Olcott, of New ficial benevolence were all to one end, the advance- York City, fell asleep on Thanksgiving ment of the Kingdom of God. Day, November 29, in her eightieth year, Since 1901, Mrs. Olcott was a faithful member the missionary enterprise lost one of its most un- of the Woman's Board of Foreign Missions of the selfish, most loyal, most devoted friends. The Reformed Church in America. She became corworld's needs were always on her heart. Her responding secretary for Arabia the same year practical love and intelligent sympathy stretched and continued in that work until 1930. For all across all frontiers. An those years she carried on earnest Christian from her her heart the burdert of the earliest youth, she walked pioneer work in Arabia (at with God for eighty long that time a land of neglect years. To all who knew her, and darkness, of fanatic opher well-ordered life was a position and hope deferred) constant example of the with the intimacy and tender beauty of holiness and the solicitude of a mother. She calm of a life centered in was friend and counsellor, and source of spiritual en- God. couragement to each worker, U ntH the very day of her always eager to give prac- tical help where opportunity departure, Mrs. Olcott was arose. Every member of the about the King's business. Arabian Mission thinks of Like Moses, faithful in all her with deep affection and her house, she wist not that loyal devotion. To all memher face shone with a light bers of the Mission she was never seen on sea or land. an example of Christian self- At the funeral service held in the Collegiate Church of St. Nicholas no one in the lessness and faithful stew- great gat her i ng of her ardship.

friends needed a reminder When Mrs. Olcott retired that the two hymns rendered KATE VAN SANTVOORD OLCOTT from her secretaryship she by the soloist were an inter- wrote a tribute to the unflag- pretation of her life. Her "walk was close with ging zeal of the women of the Mission with whom God, calm and serene her frame." And Whittier's she had had "the high privilege of close associa- poem on the life "without strain or stress"-like tion for nearly thirty years."

that of the Master's by Lake Galilee-seemed a A nobler band of consecrated Christian women never full-length portrait of her who had fallen asleep. lived, and they have held on in the midst of great discour- Indeed her daughter found her early in the morn- agement-in "persecution often," in sickness, in separaing with the latest issue of the MISSIONARY RE- tion from loved ones and even unto death! VIEW OF THE WORLD turned open at Dr. Latourette's article, "The Evangelization of the World in Great will be their reward in heaven, and even now they are reaping a faint measure of it in the high esteem in which they are held by those among whom they are work- This Generation." It was the last thing she read. ing. Their homes have been veritable Light Houses amidst No student volunteer ever lived out the spirit of the gross darkness of Islam, and their family lives have the watchword more faithfully than Mrs. Olcott. shone out in contrast to those about them!

Her study of the Scriptures, her prayer-life, her "As his part is that goeth down to the battle, so reading, her talents of administration and counsel, shall his share be that tarryeth by the baggage; her indefatigable correspondence, and her sacri- they shall share alike." This is true of all who [SO]

MISSIONARY DOGS AND AIRPLANES

work at home for the foreign field. But great was always eager to send out all the money in the David's Greater Son has a far better promise, ful- treasury to meet urgent needs on the field. Her filled in her life: "Give and it shall be given unto thoughtfulness for others and her self-forgetfulyou; good measure, pressed down and shaken to- ness included long waiting at the steamship piers gether and running over, shall men pour into to welcome returning missionaries or to bid fareyour bosom." well to those who sailed. Her generous hospi- tality was proverbial and genuine. She had a In 1905, on the occasion of the Jubilee of the spirit like Nathaniel in whom there was no guile. Arcot Mission in India, Mrs. Olcott visited the for- Loyal to her own Puritan principles, she was eign field. Not only Arabia, but India, China, and tolerant of those who differed from her and had Japan shared her personal interest. For many a mind open to receive new truth. The center and years she supported her own missionaries, con- goal of her life was Jesus Christ her Lord and tributed to the regular work of her denomination, Saviour. The Bible and the place of prayer were cared for the Jacob Chamberlain Memorial Band the secret of her strength and beauty of character of Evangelists in India, had her share in the es- -a river of influence that made glad the city of tablishment of the Woman's Union Medical Col- God. lege at Vellore, as well as in many other union enterprises and efforts at home and abroad. In Mrs. Olcott's words were few in mission gath- 1911, Mrs. Olcott was one of the delegates to the erings for she was ever modest and retiring, but Edinburgh Missionary Conference and was an en- when she opened her mouth to speak it was with thusiastic supporter of its findings. She was one wisdom, and her tongue was ruled by the law of the charter members of the American Christian of love. All who knew her rise up to call her Literature Society for Moslems and its efficient blessed, and her own works praise her in the gates. Treasurer until the day of her death. No treas- May God raise up many others who will follow in urer was ever more faithful in securing and ad- her footsteps and emulate her character and ministering funds. A generous giver herself, she service.

Missionary Dogs and Airplanes By BISHOP P. T. ROWE, Seattle, Washington Protestant Episcopal Bishop of Alaska W HEN I went to Alaska, in the spring of dogs I pioneered the great interior of Alaska and 1896, the white population was estimated made a journey of 2,000 miles each winter. There to be 2,000. The conditions were much as were no road houses to spend the night in. You they had been under the Russian Government. simply camped for the night in the snow, what- There were no roads and no trails. Having in- ever the temperature, and the temperature went spected the southern coast, which meant Wrangell, as low as 78° below zero at times. Juneau and Sitka, I headed for the interior and crossed the mountains via the Chilkoot Pass. In For thirty-four years my winters were spent in doing so I hauled my own sled. Dogs were not traveling with the dogs. In doing so I not only obtainable. When I reached the interior and traversed the inland of Alaska but reached the winter approached, I got dogs from the Indians. Arctic coast and began work among the Eskimos. These dogs were maImutes and of wolfish descent. I had to train them and while doing so trained The use of dogs and travel, such as I have demyself so that I could meet the severe cold and scribed, is still a demand in Alaska, though not to travel on snowshoes without going lame. the same extent. Having grown old in the service requiring dogs and snowshoes, it is a happy I had also to cook beans, then freeze them, so change to use airplanes and to look down on places that I would have food for months of travel. For where you had terribly hard sledging, and fly in the dogs I had dried fish. The dogs drew the sleds comfort over the same. The airplane in Alaska loaded with my food, sleeping robes, and the dried is a commercial boon. It is also a boon for people fish. It was not possible to ride on the sled as the who are seriously ill or have met with an accident. snow was deep and you had to "break trail" for The airplane has come. I welcome it, and, though the dogs. Were you to ride you had to dress in I did much work by and through the dogs, I am furs, unsuitable for snowshoeing. So with the glad to take the airplane in their place. Effective Ways of Working I 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'=I= = = = = = = = = = = =_________'I~ NEW WAYS FOR NINE- sionary activity and study, after meeting to which the missionary careful survey of Sunday school, .. committee, all officers and chair- TEEN THIRTY-FIVE young people's work, etc. Is the men of standing committees, A New Year's greeting to pas- work coordinated or haphazard, Sunday school teachers, etc., are tors and church leaders 1 What advance are you planning over each department on its own?) personally invited, and formuthe means and methods of last 3. Report from the Lookout at late a plan to gear every departyear? Is your church thoroughly aroused, informed and geared the Mast Head; or a Bird's-eye ment of church activity into a for missions? Don't rest back View of What Other Churches comprehensive missionary proupon an active group of women (bless them 1) plus two mission- Are Doing. (Cast your eye over gram. For such an endeavor, ary sermons a year to qualify you under the Great Commis- the Methods Department of THE read carefully the articles on sion and the Crying Need. Start the New Year right by a mission- REVIEW for-say two years past "Plans for Pastors and Church ary "arousement" which will stimulate the life currents in -and give a summary of what Leaders," February, 1933, page every department of church activity. How about devoting an impress you as the best plans 99 in THE REVIEW; also "Plans especially advertised mid-week meeting – or maybe an all- for mission study, children's, for Fresh Beginnings," Septemchurch evening dinner-to some such program as the following, young people's, women's, men's ber, 1933, page 452, these arusing either the plain or the fanciful titles according to con- and Sunday school work; for the ticles indicating the ideal comditions, but remembering that a touch of fancy in the presenta- field has been carefully covered position and functioning of the tion of a theme creates relish and so receptivity? and only such plans as have been basic church missionary commit- tested in reliable use appear. If tee. Abundant suggestions for you have not kept your files of implementing details are scat- THE REVIEW, let this be a lesson tered all through the year.

to you: and if you are not al- ready a subscriber, send in your STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATION subscription at once, as you can- CONTESTS not afford to limit yourself to Mrs. Carter Wright, South- brief surveys of the copy in the wide Stewardship chairman for public library. Articles through- the Woman's Mission Union of out the magazine afford ready- the Southern Baptist Conven- to-hand material for activating tion, and Miss Juliette Mather, many of the plans.) its Young People's Secretary, "Go YE-INTO ALL THE WORLD" 4. The Importance of the Log have brought out plans and ac- Book; or the Prime Place of a 1. Sailing Orders; or the Live Missionary Magazine that tivating material for a series of Place of Missions in the Church Records Daily Progress in the contests which should go far to- Program-Occasional or Perma- Kingdom of God. (Exploit your ward training a generation of nent? (Not as an adjunct to the systematic and proportional givwork but the Church's supreme own denominational organ or endeavor without which it has organs, and THE REVIEW which ers. no justification for considering "Few projects," they say, itself more than a club or fra- gives a world-wide view afforded ternal organization. Missionary by no other missionary publica- "have grown in favor and popuendeavor constitutes a test of the tion. Plan for follow-up work in larity as rapidly as the Stewardreality of our professed faith the way of solicitation of sub- ship Declamation Con t est s, and loyalty, for the very heart of scriptions w hi I e interest is delighting both the young parthe Gospel is missionary. Mis- warm. If you wait to draw the ticipants and the admiring audisions now have a strategic op- net, you may lose many possi- ences attending the contests. portunity, for they must save bilities.) Everywhere people speak of the the world from the tragedy of value of the contest in teaching human selfishness which has al- 5. Setting the Sails to Cateh the Wind; or Seeking the Dy- tithing and developing a real most wrecked it.) namic. (Season of earnest prayer sense of stewardship. The decla- 2. Taking the Reckoning; or mations present stewardship of for the Spirit's motive power What Our Own Church Is Doing. and guidance.) tithes and offerings, that the (Accurate statement of all mis- emphasis be clearly given this At the earliest possible oppor- difficult phase of stewardship.

tunity after this service, hold a The W. M. U. understands that [32 ]

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

stewardship includes more than American Life" appeared in part market or bake sale to which tithes and offerings, but in the in our September issue, sends each woman takes a basket of contest this is the theme." the following suggestions in the fruit, vegetables or other food capacity of her position as Mis- whose value equals her annual Sunbeam Band members (the sionary Education Secretary for dues and which, when sold, entiny tots) are asked to memorize Illinois under the Baptist wom- ables her to pay in full at the one of the two series' of Scrip- en's organizations. start. Call this a Dues sale. Use ture verses in a given leaflet, a Blessing Box, each person such as Gen. 1: 1; Psalm 24: 1; 1. Have each member of your young dropping in a penny whenever Job 41: 11; Psalm 50: 10; Hag- people's group read at least two books she has occasion to be thankful. gai 2: 8; Lev. 27: 30; Mal. 3: on the year's themes-Home and For- Or have roll call at each meet- 10, 11 and 2: 2; Lev. 26: 2, 12. eign. "Gold Mountain," by Payne; ing, members coming forward The second test is the Parable of "Lim Yik Choy," by Shepherd; "Ty- to pay, or answering to their the Rich Fool, as given in the phoon Days in Japan," by Spencer, names with "paid" or "unpaid"! twelfth chapter of Luke. and "Japan and Her People," by Hughes, are especially recommended. BUILDING THE NATION Junior organizations each se- BEAUTIFUL lect one of the talks furnished in 2. Present a play or pageant deala leaflet, memorizing and pre- ing with the themes, such as "The A Christian Americanization senting these at the contest, Color Line," "The Cross Triumphant," Pageant memory counting for 50%, enun- or original dramatizations from such ciation for 25%, posture for books as "A Daughter of the Samu- A summer survey of the new 10% and expression and inter- rai" and "A Daughter of the Narikin.' missionary literature revealed, pretation for 15%. among other things, that most 3. Present a debate on a topic ap- denominations are responding to Intermediate age groups select propriate to the year's themes, such the plea for more dramatizations and write upon a topic from a as: "Orientals in the United States as effective vehicles for both given list, some of which are: should have the same citizenship priv- information and inspiration. "Tithing Pays"; "Is the Money ileges as do other foreign-speaking Outstanding in artistry and im- Ours or God's?"; "Non-Tithers' residents"; "J a pan's geographical pressiveness is one arranged and Excuses Answered" ; "Obedi- limitations justify her expansion pol- directed by Mrs. T. J. Hopkins, ence the Master's Test." Essays icy." of Wayne, Pennsylvania, and as delivered are limited to five given at a Christian Americanminutes. 4. Have at least three meetings on ization meeting of the Woman's each of the themes, preferably basing American Baptist Home Mis- The Young Women's organi- them on current study books. Recom- sionary Society, at Washington, zations give original talks not mended for such use are "Out of the D. C. While couched in feminine. exceeding seven minutes in de- Far East" (Hunter) and "WorId terms in adaptation to its immelivery, based on such subjects Tides in the Far East" "Mathews). diate purpose, it is easily transas: "Owners-or Stewards"?; latable into the masculine or "My Partner's Portion"; "In Ac- 5. Have a creditable proportion of mixed terminology to be used in count with God" ; "Giving a Part your membership in a mission study a young people's group as well of Worship"; "The Tithe-God's class, in a school of missions if possi- as among their elders, and would Preventive of Covetousness." A ble. be very effective among pastors speaker exceeding the time lim- for· an evening service. The acit in delivery is penalized by a 6. Service activities: (a) A per- tion, costuming and staging are deduction of five from the sonal friendship with one or more so simple that groups of limited judges' final grade for each min- Oriental Americans; (b) A carefully resources would find it available ute's excess. All contestants are arranged visit to Chinatown; (c) A with a minimum of rehearsal. presented by number only until public program embracing all of your after the judges' decision is an- denominational agencies among Ori- The Master of Ceremonies nounced. entals in the U. S.; (d) A similar pro- states by way of introduction gram for Japan; (e) An international that Christian Americanization Awards (such as missionary forum with representatives or imper- work lends itself to the beautifybooks) are optional, but some sonations of Orientals, to discuss ing of the nation, for it is truly small token to each winner is "What are the next steps in interna- beautiful only as it is Christian. both stimulating and delightful. tional cooperation?" (f) A Japa- -A guest is expected. Here she The contests begin in the local nese festival; (g) Sending of desired comes now! church, progress through their supplies to a mission among Orientals. winners to the association, then Enter a woman called Mrs. the district and end in the state POLICY POINTERS FROM SUMMER Uncle Sam, or Mrs. U. S., competition. Is not this plan dressed in full red skirt with worth trying, either partially or CONFERENCES white stripes and close fitting in its entirety? waist of blue. Accompanying Programs are not the sole end her is a woman dressed as a PRACTICAL PROJECTS FOR and aim of our planning. The scribe and carrying a book made following excerpts from the of heavy 11×14 paper with the YOUNG PEOPLE Methodist women's meetings at Lakeside, Ohio, furnish policies Mrs. B. P. Heubner, whose in a nutshell: Begin the year outline study for "Orientals in with the sketch of a bare tree as a symbol of the local organiza- tion, and paste on a leaf for each new member. This year substi- tute cherry blossoms. Have a demonstration at the opening of the year to show what the mis- sionary dues and other contribu- tions do, using impersonations and dramatics. If commercial methods are unavoidable, hold a

American flag drawn on its cov- the Key Stones in the structure. next speaks to the Guest, hoping er. On the several pages are in- The Master Builder tells of the the purpose of Americanization work has been made clear and scribed in bold lettering the es- foundation in Jesus Christ (see mentioning the rare gifts of the sential points of the program, Isa. 28: 16 and Eph. 2: 20, 21) foreigners themselves: the Ital- and introduces several Ameri- ian love of music; the Armenian "Foundation," "Keystone," etc., canization workers to give brief with his steadfastness of purthese being displayed at the ap- pose; the Japanese-lover of propriate poi n t to reinforce talks on their work. children; the Chinese, devoted through eye-gate the coincident The Master of Ceremonies to the family; the Mexican with his gaiety; the Pole-strong of messages through ear-gate. The next describes the need for Mas- body and willing of spirit; the Master of Ceremonies introduces ter Craftsmen, and introduces Greek with his art, etc. A blend- Mrs. Uncle Sam saying she has one to speak on "Materials for ing of these gifts in the Chris- tianized foreigner will help crebeen invited to the gathering to the Superstructure" – stones ate the Nation Beautiful. record the essential points of the such as human life, men and work and then to carry back to women of varied gifts and a na- Mrs. United States then asks the women of the nation the idea tive love of the beautiful, "ma- permission to speak; and turn- terials of great price; folks with ing the pages of the great book of its worth and magnitude and one by one, she recapitulates the tell them the part it plays in souls as precious as our own, points made (which appear in building our "Nation Beautiful." bought with the blood of Christ." large lettering) and promises The guest responds suitably, She appeals to the Guest of the that this plea for Master Buildpromising to catch the spirit and evening to broadcast a plea for ers, Artisans, Master Craftsmen and Artists shall go from coast have the proceedings faithfully greater interest in the foreign to coast. She bids Godspeed to recorded in the book by her woman, a closer touch with her all the assembled group of mis- longings and needs with a view sionaries and volunteer workers scribe. The two latter are then to transforming her into choice and wishes them success. seated at a table on a platform slightly higher than that of the material for the Master Archi- Thanking the Honored Guest Master of Ceremonies. tect's use. for this promise, the Master of Ceremonies closes with the fol- Three stanzas of "America the The call for Craftsmen's Tools lowing poem and the singing of Beautiful" are then sung, after is next sounded by the Master of the last stanza of "America the which the Master of Ceremonies Beautiful" : makes the opening talk. She Ceremonies-the human materistates that the words just sung al (foreigners) becomes more To each one is given a marble to give inspiration to go out from carve for the wall: the meeting and engage in a beautiful after certain influences are brought to bear through the A stone that is needed to heighten Kingdom enterprise of nation- implements wielded by the Arti- the beauty of all: building; for making the nation sans, one of whom will now And only his soul has magic to give Christian is a vital part of the speak. it grace; 'missionary endeavor because it The Artisan tells of the use And only his hands have the cunning means Christ in the hearts of of the Book as the Rule, English to put it in place. men, women and children. Nehemiah of old, returning to re- lessons as the Mallet to drive Yes, the task that is given to each one build Jerusalem, set the people away ignorance and misunder- no other can do, at their tasks by groups made up standing, Friendliness as the of families, one building by the Level to straighten out the rough So the errand is waiting-it has wait- places for the foreign folk. ed through the ages for you. East Gate, another by the Fountain Gate and still another by One thing more is called for And now you appear: and the hushed the Sepulcher of David. We do by the Master of Ceremonies- ones are turning their gaze our missionary work by groups, Cement to hold all portions of the building together firmly- To see what you do with your chance one by the Good Citizenship and the speaker impersonating in the chamber of days. Gate, one by the White Cross Gate (hospital supplies, gar- this element makes a strong plea -Edwin MU1·khum. ments for the needy, etc.), an- for more Prayer to make the weak efforts of man into a USING SCREEN PICTURES other by the Literature Gate, mighty power and force. while Christian Americanization Harry S. Myers, of the Baptist workers build the portion by the "A building becomes beauti- Stereopticon Bureau, writes: Foreign Gate. The Master Architect-God Himself – supply- ful," says the Master of Cere- "The Religious Motion Picture monies, "through the skill of Foundation, 140 Nassau St., ing plans for the Nation Beauti- Artists who m a k e possible New York City, is an invaluable ful : under Him a Master aid in arousing interest in mis- Builder to carry out the plans. stained glass windows, frescoes, sions. The School of Missions in blended colors in tapestries and past years has been a consider- The first concern of the Master walls. Mrs. B-, who is one of able user of this material. The Builder, to have a secure founda- these Artists, will reveal the pos- missionary offering of 0 n e tion. Mrs. A- (Christian sibilities of music among our church was increased many Americanization superintend- times by its utilization." ent) will now give a glimpse of foreign friends." This Artist sings, "Come Ye Blessed of My Father." The Master of Ceremonies The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~=~==~===============~ EPIPHANY OR "REVELATION Church, Honolulu, the editor guese Evangelica, Mr. Talmage FESTIVAL" learned that churches, once be- longing to the foreign mission writes: -Chinese Christian. enterprise, have under the direc- tion of the Board of the Hawaii- In 1891 it was felt necessary to or- "They offered him gifts" an Evangelical Association ad- ganize work among the Portuguese of vanced into the cooperating, Honolulu. The Portuguese group, at "Praise the Eternal, 0 families of the coordinating stage of Christian that time, as now, was largely Roman nations fellowship. Catholic, but there were many children who were being entirely neglected by praise the Eternal for his glory and After many years of leadership in any church. his might! the missionary work of the Hawaiian Islands, during which time the Board A young man, Mr. A. V. Soares, praise the Eternal for his open glory organized its work by committees, was called to the Islands from the enter into his courts with an offer- representatives of Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese colony in Illinois. After Portuguese, Hawaiian, Filipino, and some years of constructive work, Mr. ing." English-speaking races, the Board in Soares and his assistants built up a "Let the skies be glad, let earth re- 1933 made what was felt to be a for- substantial small church. ward step, by placing all of the work joice of these various committees under one In 1926, Mr. Soares became ill, and let the sea and all within it thunder interracial group. it seemed an opportunity to make some Let the land and all it holds exult, radical adjustments for the church. let all the trees of the forest sing Up to that date each one of these The older people, all of whom spoke committees had been composed of the their mother language, decided that for joy, Anglo-Saxons and representatives of it should be an English-speaking at the Eternal's presence-for he the particular language group. church as soon as possible. After some months of supply preachers comes, Beginning 1933 these various races from the Hawaiian Board, the present he comes to rule the earth, were combined with the Anglo-Saxons pastor was called. Since that time, to rule the world with justice for the conduct of the church work aside from one Sunday School class and the nations faithfully." of the Board. for elderly people, and the rare use From Psalm 96-Moffatt translation. of a Portuguese hymn, the work has Whereas, in the past, the individual been carried on almost entirely in MODERN MISSIONS IN committees meeting once a month, had English. HAWAII been tending toward isolation, now it is impossible for any race to consider The encouraging thing in the From Rev. T. Markham Tal- itself alone. change from a foreign – speaking mage, pastor of the Pilgrim church to English was the fact that Of necessity our agenda is appall- the old people, who dearly loved their ing in length and often concerns in- church in their mother-tongue, made tricate situations, but there is a very the decision for the change to English. great gain in having our various races sit as advisers to determine the poli- When it was realized that this cies of all. Further, authoritative ac- meant for many of them, giving up tion is cumulative, as the races are the services of worship that they forced to act upon each others' prob- could understand, and around which lems. had been built their whole life, it seems to be one of the most beautiful This committee has now been work- and sacrificial offerings growing out ing for a little over a year, with some of our mission in the islands. This definite gain. It is exceedingly diffi- change was made because of the real- cult, but those who worked with the ization on the part of the older people committees in their old form, know that the church worship could not be that that plan also had its difficulties. vital to the younger people if carried on in a language which they could not Under the old arrangement, the understand. The older people took present chairman of the Churches upon themselves the situation usually Committee was the chairman of the demanded of the younger. Japanese Committee, and a member of the Portuguese-English-speaking Com- A YOUTH COUNCIL AT THE mittee. He can see no lessening of friendly interest from the Japanese ANNUAL MEETING OF group, due to the change. THE HAWAIIAN EVAN- This committee has under its leader- ship 91 churches, of which there are GELICAL ASSOCIATION 62 Hawaiian, 16 Japanese, 6 Chinese, 6 Filinipo, 1 Portuguese. Our church gatherings in Ha- waii, like our political cam- Concerning the church for- paigns, are very colorful. The merly known as Egreja Portu- Annual Meeting of the Hawaiian [ 35 ] Evangelical Association is a big event in the lives of the delegates. It means travel between So we had a conference and we them, customs have grown up the Islands, a week of splendid called it a "youth council." When and have been unchallenged for meetings, excellent Hawaiian it was all over, we found that years, and here as elsewhere we food, meeting of friends and 204 persons had registered and must keep gilding the monu- relatives, flower leis, music and attended at least one of the three ments of the past. Something lots of aloha. morning sessions, and 42 church- happens to the religious interest This year the 112th Annual es had been represented by them. of young people when they enter Meeting of the Association was The choirs were from Hawaiian high school age. It does not held in Hilo, Hawaii, June 23-27, churches only. Hence the major- seem to be a loss of religion.

1934. Hilo is the home of the ity of the young people were of Rather is it a change of values.

boarding school founded by Gen- that race. Yet we had Japanese, The reevaluation process goes eral Armstrong, who 1ate r Portuguese, Chinese, and Fili- on in relation to all of youth's founded Hampton Institute. Ha- pino representatives also. beliefs at that time. He becomes waii is the "Big" Island with its The Association gave official an explorer, and sometimes he two mountains Mauna Kea and recognition to the council and al~ seems to explore too boldly in Mauna Loa, both over 13,000 feet lotted two and a half hours each the sacred areas of religion. He high. On this island is the vol- morning for a meeting. becomes critical of the church's cano which has been very active It was the first major attempt program, its preaching, its mem- recently, always in a friendly of the great gathering of dele- bership. But he still expects the manner. The churches on four gates to give a real place on the church to be an institution deal- of the five main islands of the program to young people and ing with religion. The Christian group sent delegates by steamer. their problems. The meetings be- way of life, the unselfish and One whole ship was devoted to gan with a worship planned and gracious Christ, the ideals of them and they overflowed into conducted by the young people. Christian living, all make their another one-a happy, singing, They found Augustine Smith's appeal to him. Unless the church friendly crowd, most of them "New Hymnal for American meets him at this age and goes wearing wreaths of flowers Youth" very helpful for this with him into adult life, he tends called "leis." purpose. to become material-minded.

Hilo provided a royal welcome. They were very much inter- So the practical question More than 500 delegates partook ested in the discussion groups, arises, how to bring the church of three meals a day, cooked and which had about one and a half nearer to this group and this served by the volunteer helpers hours each day, to consider the group nearer to the church? of the entertaining church. They needs of their own churches. Our council decided that the were provided with beds and They asked and answered the first thing is to create clear unblankets and linen. They were question, "What does the church derstanding in this area, and the entertained at evening parties expect of the young people ?" second thing is that th€y should attended by over 700 people. and summed it up in the word choose their own representatives to sit as full voting members on And a notable choir contest was "Loyalty."

held the first night. In this con- They tried to determine what the official board of the church. test seven choirs ranging in num- young people expect of the Upon the s e representatives ber of members between twenty church. It may surprise us that should rest the responsibility to and sixty competed before a they decided that the church explain the attitude of the young great audience, singing in Ha- should be primarily concerned people, to see that the young peowaiian words Mozart's "Twelfth with religion. There was clear ple and their organizations are Mass," arranged by the leader of thinking on this subject. They given adequate consideration and the Hilo church choir. There is knew the church felt called upon to carryover to the young people probably nothing like this choir to develop activities. But they the high and broad principles contest. Memorized music, with- felt that there were enough ac- upon which the church operates, out instrumental accompani- tivities in school and community to see that the church calendar ment, a little pitch pipe in the life. They expected the church of activities is free from conhands of the leader to start them to be "a flaming torch leading us flicts in dates and plans. In fact off, and yet – and yet – music on to greater and higher things, they are to be ambassadors of whose chords and timing, timbre but today the church is like an goodwill. and phrasing and balance are so ambulance travelling behind, perfect that listeners tingle with Some of us who were privileged to appreciation and excitement. picking up the wounded." work with this group throughout the Then they spent some time sessions, felt that a very important It was this choir contest which with both feet on the ground try- step has been taken. made the conference of young The Association has officially rec.ogpeople possible. Many of the ing to devise practical ways nized its obligation to its own children. whereby the church might serve It is not starting a new organization. choir members are under 30 the youth of these Islands. They It is welcoming them, and acknowledgyears of age. The contest was felt that there is too great a dis- ing them as sons and daughters in held at the very beginning of the tance between the young people the Christian Church.- NORMAN C. meeting. After that the choir SCHENCK, Associate Secretary of the members had very little to do. and the older people at present. Board of Hawaiian Evangelical Asso- Language barriers separate ciation.

NEWS William Martin, well known as student cannot busy

editor of the Journal de Geneva, with his books in the face of Future of Christianity says in a recent article: "Never present threats of war…. It is Dr. Cleland B. McAfee of New speak of the 'next war'-for in this world of mass influence York, secretary of the Presby- nothing is more dangerous. Wars terian Board of Foreign Mis- become fatal at the moment and mass movements that the sions, says that if Christianity when people believe in them; keeps on its present rate it will that is, when they begin to per- claims of Christ have to be become the world's majority re- suade themselves that war is in- -Far Horizons. ligion within fifty years. This evitable. There is no such thing made." opinion was expressed recently as an inevitable war! There will in an article in the Portland, be no next war if the people do Russian Asks Christian Unity Oregon, Journal. Dr. McAfee not want it." who has given 46 years of his A plea for united, universal life to active Christian service, If "the people" want peace Christianity was given by Serobserved that he had seen the enough to work for it, to take as gius Bulgakoff, dean of the facbottom fall out of things several their slogan, in place of "War is ulty of the Russian Orthodox times before in his long life, and atrocious and futile, but," "War Theological Academy, Paris, at finds nothing in the present is atrocious and futile and-it the New York Cathedral of St. world economic upheaval to wor- shall not be!"-then we may see John the Divine, Sunday, Octory him in so far as the Christian fulfilled the prophecy, "From ber 7. religion is concerned. He is now on, war by governments equally positive that the Church shall be changed to peace by "Both spirits, that of the Tower of must supply the leadership in peoples." -World Outlook. Babel and that of Pentecost, have this time of need. He is confi- influenced the life of the Church durdent that: "We have reached Handicaps to Study ing her history," Fr. Bulgakoff dethe day when we are going to clared, "but the prevailing spirit have to have a better spirit in Dr. Visser 't Hooft, Secretary until now has been the schismatic the world, because we are living of the World's Student Chris- one. Fortunately, we are now able closer together than ever before. tian Federation, in a recent to notice a remarkable change. A We must learn how to live to- speech in England mentioned an new message sounds through the gether and the Christian Church Indian professor who said that world, a new spirit is breathing, the is the one institution able to give twenty-five per cent of his stu- spirit of Pentecost, the message of this message and program to the dents were in prison, twenty-five universal Christianity. world." per cent were engaged in politi- cal propaganda, twenty-five per This ecumenic spirit is now awak- Promoting Peace cent were spying on the others, ened as a first realization of the and the rest were doing a little Church's catholicity in our days. In- studying. He referred also to a stead of mutual exclusiveness and thousand Shanghai students haughtiness there comes a desire for mutual acquaintance and understand- ing in the spirit of peace and love. This change has already begun, as the representatives of many different confessions meet now with one an- other without feeling their own orth- odoxy endangered.

Fr. Bulgakoff pointed to two Dr. Mary E. Woolley tells us who asked for a special train to causes of separation between what we can do to promote Nanking in order that they Christian bodies-differences in peace. 1. Assure the President might express to the President creed which should not be evaded that you will support in every their views on the Manchurian in the effort for reunion, and difpossible way a program for situation. Their request re- ferences caused by provincialism "practical pea c e, permanent fused, they sat down in a body and narrow-mindedness which peace, real peace throughout the on the tracks so that no train should easily be overcome. -The Living Church. world." 2. Do not hide your light was able to enter or leave the under a bushel as far as your station. They got their train! EfTective Preparation senators and representatives are In Nanking they stood in a concerned. Rather, set it upon a freezing temperature before the In Basil Matthew's biography hill-that they may not fail to palace for forty-eight hours of John R. Mott, he gives the see where their constituencies until a deputation was received notes made for Dr. Mott's per- stand on this momentous ques- and promises of action given sonal guidance in preparation tion of international cooperation, them. for conferences.

versus national isolation. 3. Do Dr. 't Hooft, continuing his Personal: not join the "defeatist group." address, said: "The European Keep the Morning Watch.

[37 ]

Spend eight hours in bed; also The Elyria League has already of New York City by the Times take nap in afternoon. undertaken a specific work-the Square Mission. The record for support of a native evangelist in September indicated that more Take drive each afternoon. India. The Women's Missionary than 23,000 attended the open- Take time for preparation before Society has also taken on new air meetings. This only included all public work. life as a result. persons who stayed as long as Plan each day. twenty minutes. Many raised Before each address and confer- A College Student Church their hands for prayer and many ence remind oneself of the need of remained for interviews. Forty the Holy Spirit and definitely claim Last October Dr. Hutchison, thousand tracts and Gospels His help for the work at hand. President of Washington and were distributed, and 95 hours Be mindful of the things of others Jefferson College, Pennsylvania, were filled during the month -especially associates. presented to presbytery the with these outdoor meetings on Avoid: church letters of 44 students, one of the busiest corners of Sins of the tongue. with a request that these men be Broadway. The mechanical versus sense of vo- made the nucleus of a fully accation. credited Presbyterian Church on The Cost of Crime Content with small results versus the college campus. Dr. Hutchivery great, i. e. real spiritual results. son explained that none of the Not every one knows that Expect large results: present methods of providing re- Remember that there has been an ligion for students has proved crime costs us 25 % of the naadequate cause from which great re- successful, because the students sults may be expected, namely, the have had no responsibility for tion's income. Here are some long preparation, the self-denial, the the form or expression of their figures that came recently from prayers of many all over the world, religion. Under this new plan a Senator Copeland: the working of the Living, Almighty church will be organized entirely God. of students. Not even professors Losses through frauds. $1,270,000,000 of the college may belong. Elders Property losses and eco- "Spirit of Missions" will be ordained, all other church offices will be filled by students. nomic value of 12,500 Centenary The pastor will be Rev. Cameron m u r d e r s (annual Ralston, director of religious ac- toll) ………….. $1,160,000,000 At the end of 1934 The Spirit tivities for the college. Law Enforcement …. $4,000,000,000 of Missions begins its one hun- Waste involved in dealdredth year of continuous serv- Signs of Church Life ing with crime …. $6,503,000,000 ice. One can read in almost any In the first three months of The Protestant Episcopal paper that the Church is about 1934, four-fifths of all those ar- Church's only official periodical to die, but Dr. Herman Weber, rested were under 30 years of is entering its second century editor of the Year Book of age and many were only 19. Of with confidence and enthusiasm. American Churches has a differ- 12,000 murders during the last It will continue to depict the ent opinion. He says: few years, 4,000 were caught mission fields in America and and sentenced; only 153 paid the her possessions, afar in the Ori- More than 30,000,000 Americans, extreme penalty. It seems that ent, in Africa, in India. More attend services in Protestant and one may murder with a 3 to 1 than 4,000 missionary workers Catholic churches, and Jewish syna- chance of not being punished at have spoken through its pages. gogues every week. The churches all, or a 1 to 80 chance of paying are gaining members at the rate of the death penalty-a little less -Circular. 750,000 a year. Church buildings risky than going swimming! have increased sevenfold in number NORTH AMERICA in the last 75 years. The last census Hartford Mission Fellowship showed 232,154 houses of worship in A Men's Missionary League the country, and the church debts What do the young people of amount to only 11 per cent of the this decade think of foreign mis- A "Men's Missionary League" value of church property." We are sions? Are they responsive to has come into being in the First also told by Dr. Kieffer, president of the world's need of Christ? A United Presbyterian Church of the Association of Statisticians of group representing six denomi- Elyria, Ohio. The League began American Religious Bodies, that ap- nations has been formed in the with 16 men, including the pas- proximately one half of the popula- Hartford Seminary Foundation. tor, Rev. George A. Brown, on tion of the United States is definitely Twelve mission boards were con- October 20, 1933. The present related to some church. While the sulted, and the outcome was the membership is 37. After a full population of the country increased appointment of a Committee of year of experience the men and 22 fold between 1800 and 1934, church Nine to guide the training and their pastor, have a deep con- membership in the same period -in- activities of the group. This viction that they should give creased 80 fold. Hartford Mission Fellowship their testimony to the Church. has presented its message at A leaflet entitled "An Adventure -Presbyterian Banner. twelve student conferences and in Masculine Missions" has been several churches, and it is hoped sent out to leading men through- Times Square Mission to continue to reach colleges and out the denomination. The leaf- preparatory schools as far as let contains the Constitution and A notable piece of evangelistic possible. By-Laws, and, condensed, a ser- work is being done in the heart mon preached by the pastor on Men and Missions Sunday, "Missions-A Man's Job."

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

The group is seeking to go as 3. To stimulate older Christians in courses offered are training prayer and service. graduates to meet these needs. a unit, without stated salaries, 4. To instruct Christian workers to A religious education club, orand take up work in some unoc- ganized by students, is studying cupied mission field like Tibet, make their ministry more effectual. 5. To combat the error and evil problems of rural churches, con- centrating on methods, materi- Mongolia, India, Africa, Japan and deliver those who are being en- als, organization and equipment or China. Recently the group snared. for all ages which can be used has decided to concentrate its study on China and surrounding 6. To provide worth-while employ- ment for those who wish to serve Christ. 7. To furnish Gospel sermons and successfully. territories. Bible teaching to those communities which do not have a resident minister. The Farm School, N. C., has a New England's Student Gospel Team, numbering 35, Movement Nearly 400 different titles, with a waiting list. The team covering a wide range of sub- visits mountain communities On October 19, 20 and 21 students from all over New Eng- jects, are published today, and within a radius of 125 miles but land gathered at Northfield to 57,692,350 books, booklets and has concentrated in four near-by form a new united Student tracts have been distributed. settlements as an entering wedge for an intensive study to see Christian Movement, made up of representatives from 41 colleges, A Notable Work whether Farm school can put on an all around extension program and including both adults and Many useful organizations are there. Agricultural aid, health students from Y. M. C. A., Y. almost unknown and receive lit- work and recreational leader- W. C. A., S. V. M., and church tle recognition. A century ago ship, in addition to religious acyoung peoples' societies. the "Female Moral Reform So- tivities are possibilities under The"Aim and Purpose" are as ciety"-later the "American Fe- consideration. follows: male Guardian Society" was -Presbyterian Banner.

The Student Christian Movement founded in New York by a group Methodists Celebrate is a fellowship of students, men and women, who are challenged by the of women, who after years of More than 1,200 delegates replife and teachings of Jesus to seek enduring ridicule, secured legis- resenting the various branches for themselves the sources of His lation to punish abduction, and of Methodism and coming from power and to manifest, in all the re- by other laws to protect young all parts of the United States, lationships of their lives, His rever- boys and girls. The society later ence for personality and truth. started nine industrial schools Canada England and Australia A committee of 22 adults and for poor children, and initiated gathered recently in Baltimore 30 students was appointed to fresh air work. It provided a for the principal celebration of carry out the purposes of the sewing machine fund, which admovement. One of the aims is vanced money to poor women so the sesquicentennial of Amerito merge activities of church that they might pay for them in can Methodism. Practically groups, the Y. M. C. A., the Y. installments, and pioneered oth- everyone of importance in Meth- W. C. A., and the Student Volun- er forms of relief. Its various odism was present, as well as teer Movement in New England. orphan homes are doing effective various leaders in other denom- A similar movement was organ- work and 37,000 children have inations. An oratorio, "The gone through its institutions. At Evangel of the New World," and ized in the Middle Atlantic re- a pageant, "The Spreading gion last summer, and a national least one well known Presbytericommittee is studying the possi- an minister and editor, John Flame," were presented. bilities of cooperation through- Bancroft Devins, was brought up in a home of the Society and An interesting historical sumout the nation. the manager of the Tribune mary of the beginnings of. Meth- odism in this country was Issued, Forty Years Colportage Work Fresh Air Fund. with a message especially pre- -So S. Times. pared for the book by E. Stanley The Bible Institute Colportage Studying Mountain Needs Jones. Society of Chicago, founded by -The Christian Century.

D. L. Moody, celebrated its 40th At the Asheville, N. C., Nor- Lutheran Anniversary anniversary on November 15. mal and Teachers' College the This agency was started for the junior class is studying a typical Observing the 200th anniverpurpose of publishing and dis- sary of the landing of the Luseminating, evangelical books mountain community, to discov- therans in America at Savannah, er the number of regular church Ga., and also the 400th anniverand booklets, Scripture portions, attendants, standards and re- sary of Martin Luther's tran!'la- sources of religious, sodal and tion of the Bible, the Umted and Gospel tracts. economic life, number and type Lutheran Church in America The Association has kept sev- of schools, distribution of wealth en objectives in mind: 1. The salvation of lost souls who as shown by types of homes, and held its biennial session in Saotherwise might never be reached vannah early in November. The with the Gospel. manner of living. The students convention moved to bring about then turn to the school's curric- a union of all Lutheran bodies in 2. To establish young Christians in ulum to see how concretely the the faith and to develop fruitful lives.

America and created a commit- ard of the Indian Bureau, fed- After Sixteen Years ~ee to work out a plan for mergmg. eral policy toward the aboriginal "Mission Folks and Facts," a leaflet on Baptist home mission There are seventeen branches Americans was such that more work, says: In 1918 the Baptist of Lutheranism in the United Home Mission Society sent out States and Canada. Replies to a than 50 per cent of them "ceased its first missionary to Nicaragua. questionnaire sen t to every Beginning with a small group of clergyman of all these branches to be Indians and failed to be- less than fifty believers, he built up a Sunday school, trained show that 89 % favor a merger come whites." The Indian's en- teachers, and opened out-sta- tions. At the same time the into one Lutheran Church. If tire life was organized on a woman's society sent out its first this union should take place, it missionary teacher and founded would form a church of 4,381,- group basis. He could not suc- a primary school. The primary 094 members, with 15,469 con- school has developed into an ingregations. The L u the ran cessfully compete in white soci- stitution embracing all grades Church is now the third largest through high school, and now en- Protestant communion in the ety which is based on the indi- rolls over 400 boys and girls. The country, following closely upon church of 400 members has the Methodists and Baptists. vidual. In half Shaepacredn,tutrhy~ grown to be one of the largest according to Mr. in all Latin America, with a Sun- American Lutherans, with day.school of 425 and an evening Lutherans and evangelicals Indians lost 91,000,000 of the audIence of 600. The pastor is a throughout the world, oppose the native Nicaraguan. A Christian efforts of the German reich- 138,000,000 acres of land in the community has grown up, and skirche to force pastors of Ger- ~rained .l~aders in the ministry, man Evangelical Churches to original allotments. A few, the m medicme and teaching have support a political program at been sent out. the expense of their fidelity to Pueblos among them, which conthe historic confessions of the Church. tinued their communal traditions Large Home Mission Field lost little or none. Under the old In a block comprising all of order, the majority of the red Utah, Nevada, Wyoming, Arizona and New Mexico, and part men saw their own culture deof Colorado, Idaho and California, there is but one Protestant generate and were unable to ac- Christian colI e g e-Westminster, in Salt Lake City. quire that of the white man.

Westminister College has a Hence grew the unfair assumpthreefold task: to maintain a high standard of scholarship in tion that they are lazy and a Christian atmosphere; to provide college courses for Protes- worthless. tant young people in the Mormon are~;. and to offer this type of One of the Bureau's innovatrammg to young Mormons. Ten years of enlarging buildings tions is the training of Indian and equipment, followed by five years of depression, have left a teachers to work among their deficit of $75,000, which the management is now seeking to own tribesmen. secure in a three-year campaign. LATIN AMERICA EUROPE New Chance for the Indian Bitterness Toward Religion Salva..tion Army Work The Government is giving up the attempt to make the Indian A law was passed in Mexico On November 1st a great farea white man. Instead, he is be- two years ago forbidding the well was held in Royal Albert ing encouraged in self-govern- teaching of religion in all Hall, London, for General Edment, in his own native arts and schools, and since then there has ward J. and Mrs. Higgins. The is being provided with modern been a gradual increase in the sanitation and the comforts of rigor of enforcement. Control Duke of York, who acted as civilization. of education and the press is an- chairman, said: other government policy. Since 1887, says Ward Shep- The Salvation Army makes a great The present situation is one of bitterness, suspicion and confu- claim upon the regard not only of sion. An amendment to Article III of the Constitution, which members of the Royal Family but on has been passed by congress but not yet submitted to the states, all sincere and thoughtful people …. I requires that all education shall be socialistic, excluding all reli- believe there is today more mutual gious doctrines. Teachers in pri- vate schools must agree with sympathy and understanding, nation- these requirements. Religious all~ and internationally, and the Sal- corporations, ministers of reli- vatIOn Army, among other religious gion, and societies connected di- rectly or indirectly with the and philanthropic bodies, has had a propaganda of a religious creed, are forbidden to take part in pri- full share in bringing that about. mary, secondary or normal schools, or to give them economic Men of many faiths, some of them support. leading representatives of those faiths It is impossible to foresee the -Angli~an, non-conformist, Catholic, full effect of all this on Protes- tant mission work. Jew, Hmdu, Mohammedan-meet in glad accord to show their apprecia- tion of the retiring general, and thus pay ther tribute to the work of the Salvation Army. .

General Higgins reviewed the widespread activities of the a.rmy, which include the opera- tIon of 89 main hospitals, seven for lepers only; 18 separate col- onies for placing poor families on the land; 120 homes for de- tsheertperdovaisnidonoorfp3h4a,n0e0d0,0c0h0ilmderaeln~' in a year for the hungry poor;

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

139 labor bureaus, and 224 Russia; while the American under the Italian law and coop- workshops; work in 172 slum Christian Committee for Ger- erating with the Foreign Mis- areas in the large cities of the man Refugees, which is endeav- sion Board of the Southern world; the preaching of the Gos- oring under the chairmanship of Convention. The new president pel in nearly 17,000 mission Dr. Cadman to aid in caring for of this Italian Convention is Rev. halls, of which over 6,000 are in the non-Jewish refugees from Ignatius Rivera, pastor of the non-Christian countries; and Germany, is finding great diffi- church in Florence, who finished the direction and control of 45 culty in arousing any general his education in Glasgow, Scot- training colleges for officers. land, and is a well trained realization of the situation. It preacher. The Boys' Brigade is said that one in five of these refugees is a Christian. De- – Watchman-Examiner. In 1883, William A. Smith, a scendants of the Huguenots in Sunday-school superintendent of France have shown, perhaps, the Gipsies in Austria Glasgow, was faced with the problem of holding boys past 11 most concern. Jewish generosity There is still in Europe one years of age with two other men, toward Christian refugees has people who know almost nothing 'and 30 boys, he formed the been remarkable. -Advance. of God, and of His salvation "Boys' Brigade," a movement through Jesus Christ. This is which has spread throughout the Jews Turn to Christ the small nation of gipsies, rov- world. Within three years there ing, despised, often persecuted. were 61 companies in and The Maranos of Portugal are Many who formerly lived in the around Glasgow and later the Hungarian territory known as movement reached such propor- Jews who were forced into Ro- Biirgenland, have now* through tions that Mr. Smith gave up his the Treaty of Versailles, been business to devote all his time to man Catholicism by the Inquisi- transferred to Austria. Thou- the Boys' Brigade, until his sands of them are living in death in 1914. In 1909, King tion. They have retained Jewish closed settlements of miserable Edward made him a knight. mud houses. Isolated settle- customs and forms of prayer, ments are also found in Carin- There are now companies of thia and Upper Austria. To the Brigade in Canada, India, and have kept themselves from bring the Gospel to these gipsies Australia, New Zealand, Africa, is a task undertaken by a lay West Indies, Ceylon, Newfound- intermarriage with Catholics. worker, Walter Miiller, a former land, U. S. A., China, Latvia, student at the Bible School for Denmark, and now in Malaya. Orthodox Jews have been at- southeast Europe in St. Andrae, The object is, "The advancement near Villach. He reports: of Christ's Kingdom among boys tempting to win them back to and the promotion of habits of A gipsy invited me to come to his Obedience, Reverence, Disci- Judaism, but they are unwilling house, telling me that the thirty New pline, Self-Respect and all that Testaments I had forwarded to him tends towards a true Christian to return to a Christless syna- had arrived, and that they had been Manliness," and the motto "Sure reading them till 10 p. m. In that and Stedfast." gogue. So a Hebrew Christian room I found thirty gipsies assem- bled, and I was asked to speak of Relief for Evangelical Alliance of Portugal has been Christ. The gipsies sat with crossed legs on the floor listening devoutly Churches formed by a number of Portu- and eagerly, while the audience stead- ily increased. Thus I found that An important meeting of the guese Christians of Hebrew these despised people are open to the Central Bureau for Relief of the Gospel, and it has been. a joy to me Evangelical Churches of Europe, race,-teachers, ministers and to see their eager response to the now identified with the Ameri- message of Salvation. I am finding can Section of the Universal business men, to bring them into many open doors and many new coun- Christian Council, was held re- try places which up till now have cently under the chairmanship evangelical Christianity. On the been visited by no one with the pur- of Dr. William H. Foulkes. pose of circulating the Word of God. Plans were made for continuing badge of the new organization the important services which An Anti-Christmas Campaign this agency has been rendering are the letters XN. In the six- under the leadership of Dr. According to the New York Adolf Keller in Geneva. As teenth century Maranos, when Times, anti-religious efforts have fast as tthe situation improves so slackened and Christian or- in one European country, new signing official documents, were ganizations are so increasing problems arise in one or two their strength in Russia that the others. Many challenging situ- obliged to append these initial executive committee of the ations confront the churches of League of Militant Atheists have letters with their names. They issued a call for a "Christmas campaign" against religion, to stand for Christao Novo ("New begin November 25 and continue two months. The whole Soviet Christians"), in contradistinc- tion to Christao Vetno ("Old Christians," that is, Roman Catholics) . Mr. Pereira, the vice-president of the new Alli- ance says: "we are not ashamed to own that we are New Chris- tians of Jewish descent who have accepted Christ as Lord and Master." -So S. Times.

Italian Baptists There are in Italy about 3,000 Baptists organized into fifty-one churches and sixty out-stations, under the supervision of South- ern Baptists. Now the Italian National Baptist Convention has been organized with a board of directors legally incorporated

network-the Young Communist Mission, gave some pertinent sionary thinks he is sharpening organization, trade unions, agri- facts about that part of Africa his bush knife on the Lord's Day, cultural advisers, village teach- which are perhaps not generally but finds that the little hut is a ers and the movies, radio, press known. The Sudan is almost as Christian prayer house where and clubs is asked to mobilize to large as Europe, with an esti- the Ndali people hold evening push back the rising tide of wor- mated population of 32,000,000. services. Some people are passship. The northern portion is chiefly ing with hymn books and Testa- Mohammedan, the southern ments. Striking the stones was Reports to the central head- mainly pagan. There are over in imitation of church bells. quarters of the militant atheists 600 distinct tribes. For many indicate that there is some rea- hundred years it was closed to Inside the church were several son for the atheist league's dis- evangelism; now it is practical- little seats, consisting of forked quietude. In many villages not ly open throughout. limbs stuck in the ground and only are there no actively pro- supported in the fork a limb on fessing atheists but Communist Twenty-one missions are at which the people could sit. The party members are winking at work, with 180 stations and 672 speaker had a little stand conthe practice of religion or even missionaries, whereas thirty- sisting of a board resting on engaging in it. Most churches three years ago there was but three sticks of wood and behind that have not been turned into one station in occupation. Only it a firm, little bench. The movie theaters, warehouses, or about 50 per cent of the people church measured only six feet demolished, are f r e que n t I y have been reached so far. Some by twelve and the windows were crowded with worshipers. sixty-three languages have been mere openings in the walls. The reduced to writing sufficiently gardener made a short prayer, AFRICA for some portion of Scripture to the people then revently sang a be issued therein. There is no hymn; the gardener read Luke Covering Large Areas overlapping of missionary effort. 14, with much stuttering, giving his own original explanation. Nearly 30 years ago, Lord -The Life of Faith. He said: Cromer, then High Commissioner for Egypt, invited the C. M. S. Leper Work in Nigeria "The banquet which the King to enter the southern Sudan. In Himself cooked, and offers to us, 1905 the first party went in. The work of the Mission to that is the word which we hear Owing to climatic and other dif- Lepers at Garkida is beginning every day." ficulties all but one of that party to solve the tremendous leprosy had to retire, the present arch- problem in Northen Nigeria, Donald Fraser Hospital deacon who is still at work there. where there are at least 3,000 The C. M. S. has sole responsi- cases. There are 500 under August 16 the Donald Fraser bility for a vast area, compris- treatment at the Garkida colony. Hospital was opened at Sibasa. ing many tribes and tongues, Aid from the Nigerian govern- This event marks a further stage and it is in order to occupy the ment is promised in increasing in the development of the mediwhole territory that the eleven measure; gifts from the Ameri- cal mission established at Gooldstations are spaced about 100 can Mission to Lepers are ville in 1930 by the Church of miles apart. At each station ex- matched by the government. It Scotland. The hospital has been cept the newest, Ler, there is a is hoped that this whole area built and equipped from funds native church growing up. At may be rid of leprosy. raised in South Africa, and is Yei, the growth has attained the the first and only hospital in an proportions of a mass movement. -Without the Camp. area with a population of 150,- During the past year, between 000. At present, there are only 2,000 and 4,000 people have as- Small East Africa Church twelve beds, but it is hoped to sembled monthly for special add an additional ward very gatherings for the deepening of From time to time mention is soon. spiritual life. One of the leaders made of very small houses of here is a young chief from Yam- worship in which the spirit of The appreciation of the native bio, who secured leave of absence God is at work, and where men people was shown by the large frbm his small chieftainship for are led to Christ. European mis- numbers who gathered at Gooldtwo years and volunteered for sion journals give a description ville on the day of the official this service. This young church of a small church in East Africa opening. Early in the morning at Yambio contributes toward which shows under what varied the church was filled with those the work in other sections. circumstances the Spirit of God who had come to give thanks to is at work. Moravian Missions God, and to seek His blessing on -C. M. S. Gleaner. gives us the following account: the new hospital.

In the Sudan Missionary Gemuseus, comIng -South African Outlook.' to a congregation in the little vil- At the World's Evangelical Al- lage of Ndali, East Africa, hears Revival in South Africa liance reunion in London last a clear sound. On approaching, October, Mr. Gilbert Dawson, he finds a gardener crouching Under direction of the Move- Secretary of the Sudan United before a little hut, striking one ment for World Evangelization, stone upon another. The mis- Rev. Lionel B. Fletcher, who has

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

been conducting a six months' ing in some weeks more than understood by all he must exevangelistic campaign in South Africa, reports a spiritual awak- 2,000 people in Beirut and neigh- press himself in no less than ening which amounts to a sweeping revival. He was greatly boring parts of Syria. Last four or five languages – Arabic, pleased to find that converts won during his campaign twelve year's eleven graduates are scat- Turkish, Armenian, Kurdish and years ago have made marked progress in the Christian life. tered in Bulgaria, T u r key, Assyrian.

One man had deliberately com- Greece, Syria, Lebanon, Cyprus A pastor-at-Iarge is greatly pacted to sell himself to the devil, and had actually served the and Palestine. Students conduct needed to cover the entire field devil for sixteen years. By what some people would call coinci- a Sunday service each week at until organized churches can be dence, his saintly parents came from a distant part of Africa to Lebanon Hospital for Mental established. attend one of the evangelistic -Syria News Quarterly. meetings, not dreaming that Diseases, attended by all who are their wayward son, for whom they had prayed through the well enough to be there. It is one years, would be there. Their joy was unbounded as they saw this of the things to which patients New Ideas in Sidon son and his wife walk up and testify that God had saved them. look forward, and seems to bring Teaching in Sidon Girls' solace to their troubled minds. School is not in vain. One class -Life of Faith. studying "Home and Commu- -Syria News Quarterly. Opportunity in Near East American Press Centenary nity" was asked to write on the Dr. Charles R. Watson, Pres- topic: "What Have I the Right ident of the American University at Cairo, says that the Last year the American Press to Expect from My Commudegree to which old ideas in the in Beirut celebrated its hun- nity?" Here is a composite of Near East have yielded to sci- dredth anniversary of Arabic eight papers: ence is almost unbelievable. The changes have affected profound- publication in the city of Beirut. "I have a right to expect from my ly intellectual life, social life and The Press is actually 112 years community safety, clean streets, pure even political life. The auto, the movie, travel to Europe and the old, but the first twelve years water, good roads, electric lights, ice modern newspaper have been were spent in Malta and Smyrna. made from pure water, clean markets, factors in widening the horizon Several hundred million pages of of the rising generation. Educa- meat screened from flies, and the tion is advancing by leaps and religious literature have issued examination of milk and meat. bounds. Feminism is another movement of unusual signifi- "I expect the community to collect cance to lands that have hitherto kept women veiled and secluded. from it in half a dozen different garbage, care for sewage, isolate peo- In Egypt, unlike Turkey, the fez languages, and have been scat- ple who have infectious diseases, and is still worn by men and the veil tered all over the Near East and to punish dirty people; to pass laws by women, but many free social to keep the health of the people in relations between the sexes are even in China, India, South good condition, to open schools so that permitted. Africa and the Americas. the people may be educated, to use the Dr. Watson believes that with money I pay in taxes in the right way. this new day that has dawned To help defray expenses, all comes an opportunity for serv- sorts of commercial printing is "I expect the community to drive ing these people such as Chris- turned out. The present equip- out child labor. I also look for a good tianity has never had before. position and respect for women as WESTERN ASIA ment has been running contin- well as for men. These things will uously for 30 years. cost me a great deal, they will cost me Near East School of Theology courage and ability to work, for it is -Caravan Trails. not enough to see and say, and not to A glance at the field work program of the Near East School do anything. They also cost me time, of Theology indicates that its influence is very extensive, reach- Al Jazireh and this time, energy and money I should save by planning everything at Al J azireh is an island-like home. I should follow the laws of the community, pay my taxes on time and portion of Syria, lying between . be a good example." the two rivers of ancient history -the Euphrates and the Tigris. These ideas were put into Its missionary interest centers practice in a preliminary sani- in five villages, each having a tary survey of Sidon community. small, but earnest group of Under impressive police escort Christians. In Haseecha there groups 'of girls inspected the is a church building, and the men's p r is 0 n, the women's twelve Protestant families are prison, the public bath, the anxious for a school. Am- slaughter house, the meat, vege- moudah is a thriving wheat table and milk markets.

market, seemingly oblivious of When the girls were ready to the depression. The town's present their report they invited most distinguished citizen is a the honorary members of their Protestant. Kamishlie has 81 club, a group of Sidon women, Protestant Christians; they have and a representative of the purchased a site for church and Women's Club in Beirut. With- school. Aleppo station is help- in two weeks the Sidon Women's ing to supply a preacher-teacher. Club came into existence, stat- There are about fifty Protestants ing as its purpose: "The Im- in Ain Diwar, the most hetero- provement of Family and Com- geneous group to be encountered munity Life." Three committees anywhere. If one would be have been organized, the prison

committee, health committee and ing its influence felt in India suIts will be made, and plans outa committee to help the poor. also. Under the influence of lined for future work. INDIA some of the Roman Catholic pre- The initial expense is covered Evangelistic Week in Dornakal lates in India branches of this by a gift received through Dr. The Bishop of Dornakal believes that rural India is ready, league have been formed in cities E. Stanley Jones, whose work as never before, to receive the Gospel. Nearly 12,000 baptized like Calcutta, Madras and Bang- with the higher classes in India Christians were voluntary witness bearers during evangelistic alore. A public meeting was makes him appreciate the possiweek last May in Dornakal diocese. During the campaign held· in Madras under the aus- bilities of reaching in this way in the Kistna area nearly 5,000 people definitely decided to be- pices of the Catholic Social Guild large numbers of educated, but come Christians, and 21,000, of whom 12,000 were caste people, to protest against the unwhole- heart-hungry men who have stated that they wanted to know more about Christ. some cinema films shown in that little direct touch with Chris- -C. M. S. Outlook. city. Protestants and some non- tians.

What About Ceylon? Christians took a prominent A changed viewpoint has be- part in this meeting. In India, . Missionary Coordination come rather prevalent in Ceylon, expressed concretely in a book it is very rarely that Catholics Representatives of ten misby an English professor, "A and Protestants cooperate. sions met in Bombay September Buddhist Pilgrimage." The idea is that when a backward people -The Christian Century. 5 to discuss the question of eshave been lifted by a degree of western civilization they should tablishing a joint business office be left to work out their own des- Appeals for the Colleges in Bombay. The views expressed tiny. All religions are good, but for the Singhalese none is better Advisory committees on Chris- indicate that there will be many than Buddhism. tian higher education in India advantages arising from a joint office. The sale of American The C. M. S. has a large share have been set up in Great Britain in upholding a belief in Christ in and in North America, and in drafts will be facilitated and Ceylon, but there are only 30,000 India a Central Board of Chris- other items of business, par- Christians of the Anglican ticularly those that have to do Church in a population of over tian Higher Education has come with transit and shipping, will 5,000,000. The Anglican Church into existence. The object of has been renamed "The Church these bodies is to see that the be handled much easier from a of Ceylon"; it is the first fruits recommendations of the Lindsay central office. There will also be of 100 years' work. In nearly a a considerable saving in office hundred villages schools are Commission are carried out by staff· and equipment when the staffed with Christian teachers· the colleges, and to help the oran urgent need is that of,keeping ganizations connected with these work of ten or more societies can the faith of these teachers at a colleges to give effect to the be carried on through one office. high level, since even they are in It is recognized that at least two danger of succumbing to the recommendations. An appeal missionaries will be required, axiom "Buddhism for Ceylon." for £130,000 for Indian colleges and possibly a third to make At least a third of the 147 teachers are Christians of ten years' was launched last March; and provision for necessary furstanding, or less. However, in the colleges which are run by loughs. There would be one or many villages there is real prog- American missionary societies more permanent office assistants ress, and a steady flow of those have asked the American Ad- in addition. If this experiment who are "added to the faith." visory Committee to appeal for is made and proves successful, it -C. M. S. Outlook. Rs. 1,500,000 for helping the de- is quite possible that other mis- velopment of colleges like For- sions will wish to share in the Legion of Decency advantages of such a joint. office. man College, Lahore; the Chris- The Legion of Decency started tian College, Allahabad; the -The Indian Witness. in America on the initiative of Christian College, Lucknow; the Roman Catholic bishops is mak- American College, Madura; the CHINA Isabella Thoburn College for Women, Lucknow, and the Chris- New Broadcasting Station tian College, Indore. The largest broadcasting sta- Experiment in Press tion in Asia, and the third Evangelism largest in the world, has recently been opened by the Chinese Gov- Newspaper evangelism, al- ernment in Nanking. A circle ready a tested and successful with its wavelength as a radius means of Christian work in and Nanking as the center in- Japan, is being introduced in cludes Irkutsk, Chita, Delhi, Cal- India. Dr. James E. Manry, of cutta, Burma, Sumatra, New Allahabad, writes that during Guinea and the Caroline Islands. the coming winter it is planned Just what are we likely to hear? to insert articles on Christianity The program from 8: 00 a. m.

in a number of the best Indian till 9: 00 p. m. includes the news dailies, both English and ver- (broadcast in Mandarin spoken nacular. After a four-months' with a South China accent), lec- experiment, a check-up on re- tures and musical numbers.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Both Ginling College girls glee from the God of its fathers! It is the literature, and forming personal faith of the Pilgrim Fathers that club and the girls of Methodist made America great." contacts with men and women in Hui Wen High School have pro- the towns and villages in their -The. King's Business. districts. -Chinese Recorder. grams. A Professor of Nanking Theological Seminary has spoken A Model Parish Government Aid for Colleges on the topic "Educational Foun- dations of World Peace." At Pastor Tien Li Kung has made There are encouraging signs the invitation of the Chinese Government, messages from sev- his parish a model for the whole of cooperation between Chriseral Christian institutions are country. This out-of-the-way tian conferences and governbeing sent far and wide. church had been going down hill ment schools. A youth workers' -Woman's Missionary Friend. until only five members were conference, for instance, was held on the campus of the pro- Press Literature Prizes left, but Pastor Tien threw his whole energy into his task and vincial college at Wusih. A Two prizes were offered by the preached for 50 nights in the young people's conference in Presbyterian Chi n a Council, with a view to stimulating the street, organized two day schools Honan was held on the campus production of Chinese Christian and four night classes, all taught of a provincial rural normal literature. One prize of $300 by volunteers. In each of these school. Mutual understanding was awarded to the author of the centers he conducts a weekly best original production of preaching service. Difficulties and appreciation was one result. Christian literature in Chinese This is one aspect of the very published during the year 1934. which fill others with consterna- Another prize of $150 was tion only rouse him to action. cordial relations now existing awarded for the most effective between Christian and other intranslation of Christian litera- Pastor Tien's example has pro- stitutions in China. The Univerture into Chinese published dur- voked both the county normal sity of Nanking has during the ing the year 1934. The name school and the higher boarding "Press Literature Prizes" has last year received more than a been given in recognition of the school to zeal for the under- quarter of a million dollars service rendered by the Presby- privileged. For the first tim~ in (silver) from various public orterian Mission Press. their history they are conductmg ganizations, among them the na- tional government. Yenching -Chinese Recorder. classes for those who cannot read or write. Twice recently University, also, received about students from the latter institu- $60,000 (silver) from the minis- tion have paraded the city ex- try of education.

horting the illiterate to enroll in -The Christian Century. night classes. The results have Oriental Views America been commendable. New Mohammedan State -Christian Advocate. Chinese Turkestan is a poten- A distinguished Chi n e s e Friends' Work Strengthened tially rich land commanding the leader, Mr. Leland Wang, of Honkong, who paid a visit to A real strengthening of the trade routes that connect India, America recently, was educated Russia, Mongolia, Tibet and in three Chinese Naval colleges, Friends' forces in China has China. It has a large Chinese and at the time of his conversion Mohammedan population. Genin 1918 held a high position in been made by the return of five the Chinese Navy. Later, he re- eral Ma has now declared the signed his position to devote his missionaries from furlough, and state independent of China and time to evangelism. He has wit- given it the name of Islamistan nessed to his profession in al- the sending of two new ones. most every province of China, (the realm of Islam). Accordand in other lands as well. Re- Friends in England have made ing to reliable private informaturning from his visit to Amer- tion, "no Christian will be tolica, he has made various obser- this possible. In the two la~ge vations: erated in the State of Islamistan, cities of Szechwan, Chungkmg and Christian refugees are be- "We have traveled over eleven thou- ginning to trickle down through sand miles in three months, besides and Chengtu, each with over taking about one hundred meetings in the Northwest frontier into different places. One of my impres- 5s0ha0~0e00wiinthhaboitthaenrts,chFurrchi eesn ds India." There have been murder, sions of America is that there are too in imprisonment and torture in the many automobiles here. It is a nation on wheels." evangelistic and educational ef- small Christian community, and the reports declare that there With keen spiritual insight, forts. At the city of Chungking, will be exile for all survivors. Mr. Wang views America's real need as well as that of the whole Chinese Friends maintain the This son of an English manu- work unassisted. In Central facturer in London, a convert to Mohammedanism has assumed Szechwan, a large district with the title "King of Islamistan."

Tungchwan as its center, Friends are the only Christian represen- tatives. Further south, there has been a successful year in hospital work at Suining; while in the Tungchwan and Suining districts the workers have de- world, when he says: voted much time to what one of Inaccessible Turkestan them terms "old fashioned evan- "How sad it is to see this country, gelical work," h?ldin~ m~eti~gs, About the most inaccessible which puts the inscription 'In God preaching, teachmg, dlstrlbutmg spot in the world is that strip of We Trust' on its dollar, departing

territory stretching along the Pan-Pacific Buddhist has appointed pastor F. L. Ching northern side of Tibet through Conference and his wife to open work in which runs the age-long caravan A Pan-Pacific Buddhist Con- these islands. They are the first route from the Mediterranean ference was held in Kyoto last missionaries to enter this field. to the Pacific. Last year a com- July, attended by nearly 700 del- The prevailing religion among pany of six young men under the the island tribes is a mixture of egates representing Buddhism Mohammedanism and animism. direction of a veteran mission- all over the world. A message -The Evangelical Christian. ary entered the territory via the was sent to the Conference by Gobi Desert on two motor trucks. Mr. Gandhi, from which the fol- Jubilee in Malaysia One of the group writes of the lowing is taken: way this large, unevangelized It is impossible for Hindu India to- Malaya Methodists celebrate district is being reached. this month the fiftieth anniver- day to retrace her steps and go be- sary of the opening of the work On Sundays we hold services in our guest room, singing simple hymns and hind the great reformation that Gau- in Malaysia by William F. Oldgiving out gospel message to those tama effected in Hinduism. By his immense sacrifice, by his great re- who come. Quite a number of men nunciation and by the immaculate ham, now Bishop, who is planand school boys have come to listen, purity of his life he left an indelible ning to be present with Mrs. and a goodly number of people, both impress upon Hinduism, and Hinduold and young, just stroll in to see ism owes an eternal debt of gratitude Oldham. They will be guests of what is going on, attracted usually by to that great teacher. . . . .. Wherever the conference. Miss Sophie the sound of my little organ. We have the Budha went, he was followed by Blackmore, who opened the had many visitors from the various Woman's Foreign Missionary peoples that live here–dhinese, Tun- and surrounded not by non-Hindus gans, Turki, and others – and have but by Hindus who were saturated Society work in 1887, comes had opportunities to talk with them from Australia as guest of the about the things of God. . with the Hindu law. But the Bud- As there are many sick and suffer- dha's teaching, like his heart, was alling people here without proper medical aid, the traveling missionary expanding and all-embracing, and so Woman's Foreign Missionary always carries his medicine case, as it has survived his own body and Society. Bishop Badley will rep- swept across the face Qf the earth. resent the Board of Bishops. well as Bibles, gospels and tracts. Buddha never rejected Hinduism but Thus we have found it helpful to do he broadened its base. He gave it a A pageant entitled "The Morna little dispensary work for two hours new life and a new interpretation. every morning. During the last month Gautama was a Hindu of Hindus. ing Light," prepared by Mrs. E. or so we have seen some three hundred sick people, and have been able -The Christian Century. F. Lee, will be presented in Victo relieve much suffering. We hope toria Hall, Singapore. The hisin this way to show forth something ISLANDS OF THE PACIFIC tory is given in a book entitled Religious Education Library Malaya Rejoices.

-The Christian Advocate.

of the love of God in Christ, and win In response to an appeal made Fijian Friends the confidence of the people. by Secretary Enrique C. Sob- repefia of the Philippine Com- It seems to be characteristic of -Moody Bible Institute the Fijians that when a new Monthly. mittee of Christian Education JAPAN -CHOSEN that the Philippine Islands be thing takes their fancy they put made one of the religious educa- amazing enthusiasm into it. The Professor Becomes Evangelist tion library centers, one hundred observance of Mothers' Day is choice books on religious educa- one instance; children do all the Here is a bit of early Chris- tion have been shipped to Manila work on that day to give their by the World's Sunday School mothers a rest. Sons send gifts, tianity in modern Japan. Mr. Association. These books will Suzuki, formerly teacher of form the nucleus of a circulating and students go home for the Physics in the Imperial Univer- library for use by religious edu- week end. Fijian women have cators in the Philippines and in linked up with the rest of the sity, has taken up a small farm Malaysia. in a mountainous region of world in the celebration of the northwest Japan, and built for Advance in Dutch East Indies Women's World Day of Prayer, himself a home from which, as a West Borneo, South Sumatra and attach tremendous imporbase, he engages in evangelism. and the 200 islands lying be- tance to it. They conduct their tween, a field comprising from He was once an agnostic, but his seven to eight million people, meetings in a fine, devotional contacts with the Omi Mission brought him to Christ. He fin- spirit. -The Missionary Review ished his scientific studies and (Australia). then mastered Greek and Hebrew in order to search the must be classed as unreached Scriptures in the original. Even- territory. These islands are in" WHY DO YOU GO?

tually, he felt called to give his habited by Chinese and Malay- Some go to church just for a walk, whole time to Christian work, speaking people in a proportion Some go there just to laugh and talk, and chose.this remote and unat- of about fifty-fifty. The Chinese Some go there the time to spend, Foreign Missionary U n ion, Some go there to meet a friend, tractive region. He has an as- Some go there for speculation, sembly hall in his own house which has seven Chinese mis- Some go there for observation, where he holds meetings and sionaries working in pioneer Some go there to doze and nod, Sunday school. -So S. Times. areas of the Dutch East Indies, Some–how few-to worship God.

'~I================I'~

1 Our Missionary Bookshelf j Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information ~,=====–==============~=,~ The Living Religions of the Indian carried on its great work result- able. The pages, too, show an ing from Stanley's call and the enthusiastic admiration for People. By Nicol Macnicol. Pp. beginnings by Hannington and China. The illustrations are Mackay. The book is a careful vivid and most attractively done. 323, 10 shillings, 6 pence. The study of the social and economic No child can read the book with- structure of the Baganda people out coming away with a warm Southern Christian Movement Press, as affected by European in- appreciation of the Chinese and fluences which have pressed in with something of a knowledge London, 1934. upon them. The writer is sym- of the sweep of Chinese history pathetic with the ethical prin- -and it is to be hoped with a The six chapters of this book ciples of Christianity and in the desire to know more. In what main with its social influence. appears to be its primary purwere presented in connection He thinks that missionary effort pose the book has been very suc- "would be infinitely more val- cessful. with the Wilde Lectureship in uable if its emphasis was trans- ferred from its present objects It is, however, easy for the Natural and Comparative Reli- to the advocacy of ethical ideals." To him it is conceivable that specialist to criticize a book of gions at the University of Ox- "ideals of altruism in which the this kind. Obviously it is writ- strength of Christianity has al- ten by one with no particularly ford (1932-34). They deal with ways lain might come to be re- garded as not necessarily insep- expert knowledge of China. The Hinduism, India Islam, J ainism, arable from a code of sexual morality which no European so- literature on which the book is the religions of the Sikhs and the ciety has in fact ever followed." based is good but does not in- clude enough modern works on Parsees, and with Indian Chris- In other words, he thinks that history to incorporate the re- Christian missions should lay sults of the best recent scholartianity. They are a temperate less emphasis on theology and be ship. The author apparently satisfied with their social and knows nothing of the fascinatand restrained study both of the moral influence, with an adapta- ing glimpses which within the tion of moral ideals to the old past two or three decades archrehistorical background and of the African social organization. The ology has given of the begin- evidence is complete that west- nings of Chinese culture, and present situation in the case of ern civilization is going to mod- still narrates simply the time- ify radically the life of the honored story of early monarchs each of the religions of India. African people whether for good who at best are probably only or for evil. The problem for myths. Lao Tzu is spoken of as They represent an attitude of Christian missions is as to how an historical personage, and no much they can contribute to the doubt seems to have troubled the great fairness, not to say of change for good and how little author's mind concerning his au- to the change for evil. thorship of the Tao Te Ching. tenderness, in dealing with the S 0 m e noteworthy characters ROBERT E. SPEER. who might well have been made non-Christian religions of India, very attractive, such as Wang The Pageant of Chine.s,e History. By Mang, Wang An-shih, and Chu but there is no question with Dr. Elizabeth Seeger. Illustrated by Hsi, are not even mentioned. Bernard Watkins. New York, Long- The romanization is frequently Macnicol as to the place of mans, Greene and Company, 1934. Pp. xvii, 386. $3.00. of the type which is not in ac- Christ and no equation of Him cord with the most generally ac- The author has avowedly writ- cepted usage. Moreover, the with any other. Dr. Macnicol is, ten for children, and most de- modern period is dealt with en- lightfully she has done it. The tirely too sketchily to introduce of course, thoroughly equipped style is vivid and eminently read- even children in any adequate fashion to the stirring events of with knowledge and understand- ing for his task and this is a good book like others which he has written. There is a slight slip in the footnote on page 160 in placing Kerbela in Persia in- stead of in Iraq. R. E. S.

An African People in the Twentieth Century. By L. P. Mair. Pp. 300, 12s., 6d. George Routledge & Sons, London. 1934.

This thesis, by a lecturer in Colonial Administration in the London School of Economics, is "A study of the influence of European civilization on the structure of African society and of the practical lessons to be learned in the shaping of colonial policy."

The people studied are the Baganda of East Central Africa -the people among whom the Church Missionary Society has Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publishers on receipt of price.

r 47]

the late decades or to an under- A History of Religion. By Herbert observe the distinction between standing of the China of to-day. H. Gowen. 8vo. 698 pp. $3.50. facts and the author's opinions. Nor does the author seem to Morehouse Publishing Co. Mil- Noone can prudently challenge know much about missions; the waukee. 1934. the authority of the professor of only mention of them in the nine- history in Harvard University teenth and twentieth centuries is Dr. Gowen, Professor of Ori- when he makes statements of by way of semi-disparagement. ental Studies in the University fact, but his opinions are in a of Washington, and the author more debatable category. For It is, therefore, a pity that a of several volumes on the sub- example, the fact that Mark bebook which in many ways is ex- ject, writes as an historian lieved that Jesus claimed to be cellent should not before going rather than as a theologian or the Son of Man is coupled with to press have been perused by missionary but his viewpoint is the opinion: "I do not think that experts and so have been able to avowedly Christian. His pur- Jesus can have meant Himself" avoid some of the defects which pose is to trace God's purpose (pp. 42-43). Anyone with the now are obvious. and method of leading men from New Testament in his hands can darkness to light and from judge of that. K. S. LATOURETTE. death to life. The untranslated quotations do not tend to make There is much in the book that A Bosporus Adventure. Istanbul the book suited to popular use. is fine but throughout the Bible (Constantinople) Woman's College, and Jesus (the term Christ is 1871-1924. By Mary Mills Patrick, Dr. Gowen begins with primi- avoided) are discussed from a Stanford University Press, 1934. tive religion, discusses ancient thoroughly rationalistic view- Pp. 284. Price, $2.25. and modern religions, and closes point. He frankly declares: "I with an attempt to look into the do not believe in the existence of Here is the story of a great future. He finds some difficulty any creator, and when I use the adventure in education for the in defining religion; "Man's word God, I mean the totality of womanhood of the Near East by faith in an ideal beyond him- values, not a person or a personal the president emeritus of Istan- self" is too broad a definition being" (p. 85). The reader is bul Woman's College. Dr. Pat- for it would include those who told that "Paul's teaching difrick went to Constantinople as a have no religion. The same ob- fered seriously from the teachteacher in 1875, four years after jection holds with regard to the ing of Jesus" (p. 75), and that the founding of the school. She author's treatment of Judaism the Christianity which will surretired in 1924. During this pe- and other religions, which he de- vive is neither St. Paul's teachriod the college grew from a scribes as "designed to prepare ing about Jesus, nor that of any girl's school of forty pupils to an men's minds for the dawning of one else, not even of Jesus himinstitution with several hundred a new spiritual day." If this self, but that which is freshly students, in modern buildings was the design, all except the evoked in each generation by the and on a campus of seventy Hebrew religion have failed to spirit which animated Jesus and acres. fulfil their purpose. He accepts Paul in theirs." We wonder the historicity of the Old and whether the students who heard The story is told in accordance New Testament but does not these lectures realized that what with the periods of Turkish rule, seem to recognize the Old Testa- they were getting as "modern before and after the Revolution. ment as a special divine revela- scholarship" was simply old in- Conditions under the reaction- tion to prepare the way for fidelity in a new dress. ary Sultan Abdul Hamid and un- Christ. He accepts Christ as dider the new republic are strong- vine Lord and Saviour but does ARTHUR J. BROWN. ly contrasted. The aut h 0 r not pronounce on such matters sketches the dark days of op- as virgin birth, the miracles and Ein Christ auf den Strasen der Welt. pression, the struggle for free- the resurrection. Das Leben des Dr. John R. Mott. dom, and the atmosphere of old By Basil Mathews. Herausgegeben Turkey as the background for The book has an immense von Professor Julius Richter (Berthe new day in modern Turkey, amount of information on the lin). Berlin: 1m Furche-Verlag. which she believes is one of the different r e Ii g ion s and is Price, R. M. 4,80. Pp. 347. most progressive of republics. adapted to discerning students She pays tribute to the noble rather than to the general read- Dr. Mott and his world-wide women who were her colleagues er. There are numerous refer- circle of friends are to be conon the field, and not less those ences to source material. gratulated on t his excellent who contributed of their substance so liberally for the build- translation of his life-story through the indefatigable pen of ing of the College and its endow- Paul, His Heritage and Legacy. By Prof. Julius Richter of Berlin. ment. We are surprised that Kirsopp Lake. The Mary Flexner there is almost no reference to Lectures on the Humanities at Bryn Islam, until recently the state Mawr College. 153 pp. $2.00. Ox- The original work by Ba'sil ford University Press, New York. Mathews was reviewed at length religion of Turkey.

An excellent bibliography, a This is not a biography of in this Magazine. It will suffice list of publications by the Amer- Paul but a general discussion of therefore to note that the trans- ican members of the faculty, and Jewish and Gentile Christianity, lation is unabridged, except for a good index add to the value of with Paul viewed as a "bridge" the omission of the maps and il- the book. S. M. ZWEMER. between them. Readers need to lustrations. S. M. ZWEMER.

and the Cosmos. By Theodore Missionary Facts from W orId Fields. Apolo, the Apostle to the

Graebner. pp. 352. $3.00. Wil- 18 pp. 15 cents. Baptist Board of Wm. J. W. Roome. 95 pp. 1s. liam B. Erdman Pub. Co., Grand Education. New York. Marshall, Morgan & Scott. London. Rapids, Michigan. 1934. The Omi Brotherhood in Japan. Wm. Church and State in Latin America: This author, a professor of Merrell Vories. Illus. 180 pp. A History of Politico-Ecclesiastical $1.00. Omi Brotherhood. Omi- Relations. J. Lloyd Mecham. 550 plIilosophy in the Concordia Hachiman, Japan. pp. $4.50. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. Theological Seminary in St. The Responsibility of Success. W. Wilson Cash. 92 pp. 1s. C. M. S. Shintoism: The Indigenous Religion Louis, calls his book "a critical London. of Japan. A. C. Underwood. 126 pp. 2s. 6d. Epworth Press. Lonanalysis of atheism." This is a The Re-Discovery of the Spirit. Wm. don. Owen Carver. 160 pp. $1.50. Retrue characterization. The vol- vell. New York. Zoroastrianism. J. W. Waterhouse. 134 pp. 28. 6d. Epworth Press. ume is a cogent and vigorous Something Happened. Mildred Cable London. and Francesca French. $2.00. 320 and, to the unprepossessed mind, pp. C. I. M. Philadelphia. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need: A Missionary Study in the Chrisa convincing statement of the in- Southern Baptists in the Great Ad- tian Message. C. P. Groves. 260 venture. T. B. Ray. $1.25. 201 pp. pp. 6s. Epworth Press. London. validity of any theory of life and Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville. Problems of the Pacific, 1933. Prothe world based on materialism, ceedings of the 5th Conference of Stories of Hymns We Love. Cecilia the Institute of Pacific Relations. mechanism or atheism. There is M. Rudin. $1.00. 50 pp. John Edited by Bruno Lasker and W. L. Rudin & Co. Chicago. Holland. 490 pp. $5.00. Universa great wealth of quotation from ity Press. Chicago. Stories of Indian Saints. The Late an immense mass of reading and Justin E. Abbott. Rs. 3. 500 pp. Personal Items United Theological College of Westthe material is presented so ern India. Poona, India. (Concluded from page 1.) clearly and simply that any Peace by Revolution: An Interpreta- in January to conduct meetings under tion of Mexico. Frank Tannen- the auspices of the Inter-Varsity Stuthoughtful person can follow the baum. Illus. 317 pp. $3.50. Co- dent Christian Fellowship. lumbia University Press. New argument. There are some ty- York. *** pographical errors which should Sixty Years of Service on Behalf of Dr. Ju Sam Ryang, general super- Lepers and Their Children. 94 pp. intendent of the Korea Methodist be corrected in another edition. Mission to Lepers. London. Church since 1930, has been reelected for a second term of four years. Dr. It would be well if the authori- A History of the Church in Vene- Ryang is a graduate of Vanderbilt zuela-1810-1930. Mary Watters. and Yale Universities. ties quoted were more fully 260 pp. $3.00. University Press. Chapel Hill, N. C. *** dated as some of them also are Rebel Destiny: Among the Bush Ne- Rev. John W. Nichols, D.D., was perhaps outdistanced and sev- groes of Dutch Guiana. Melville J. consecrated Suffragan Bishop of and Frances S. Herskovitz. Illus. Shanghai, November 1st. eral authorities still living are 366 pp. $3.00. McGraw-Hill. New York and London. •*• quoted in terms to which they Malekula: A Vanishing People in Sir Wilfred Grenfell, who is nearmight justly take exception. But the New Hebrides. A. Bernard ing three score years and ten, plans to Deacon. Illus. 789. 42s. Rout- retire from active work in Labrador no such mass of material as this ledge. London. and Newfoundland but will continue to promote the work for people to could be assembled without some The World Wide Church-1934-5. whom he has devoted his life by help- 130 pp. 1s. Church House, Press ing promote the work of the Internaqualification, and the book can and Publications Boards. London. tional Grenfell Association. He has 1934. been for more than forty years a big be heartily recommended as a Christian brother to the people of The Case for Missions in Modern Labrador and the Newfoundland coast. straight out, plain spoken, well India. E. C. Dewick. 25 pp. 3 as. Palghat Mission. Palghat, South informed statement of a positive India.

Christian view of God and the Africa and the Making of Books: Being a Survey of Africa's Need of world. R. E. S. Literature. Margaret Wrong. 56 pp. 6d. International Committee New Books on Christian Literature for Africa. Obituary Notes Donald Fraser of Livingstonia. By China's First Preacher, Liang A-Fa, (Concluded from 2d cover.) Agnes R. Fraser. 7s. 6d. Hodder 1789-1855. G. H. McNeur. Illus. & Stoughton. London. 128 pp. Mex. $1.50. Kwang Hsueh The Archbishop of Rupert's Land, Pub. House. Shanghai. Jesus Christ and Primitive Need. By Rt. Rev. I. O. Stringer, D.D., died Charles Pelham Groves. 6s. Ep- Builders of the Indian Church. worth Press. London. Stephen Neill. 159 pp. 3s. 6d. suddenly in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on Hodder & Stoughton. London. Das Buch Der Deutschen Weltmis- his way to take part in a parish meet- sionen. Julius Richter. Illus. 332 Sadhu Sundar Singh: A Personal Mem- pp. Leopold Klotz. Gotha. oir. C. F. Andrews. 256 pp. 3s. ing. Since 1892, Bishop Stringer had 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. London. China's Problems and Their Solution. ministered to dwellers in the Arctic Wang Ching Wei. $2.50. China Aggrey the African Teacher. Wm. J. United Press. Shanghai. W. Roome. 94 pp. 1s. Marshall, wastes. *• * Morgan & Scott. London. Christianity Tested. Oscar Macmil- Dr. Marcus C. Mason, a retired lan Buck. 255 pp. $2. Abingdon Press. New York. pioneer missionary to Assam, died in The Daughter of Abd Salam. Flor- East Aurora, N. Y., October 15, 1934. ence Mary Fitch. Reprint. Illus. For fifty years he worked among the 75 pp. $1.50. Bruce Humphries. Boston. savage tribes of the Garo Hills. His Ein Christ Auf Den Strassen Der first task was to reduce the Garo lan- Welt-Dr. John R. Mott. Basil Matthews. 348 pp. Rm. 4.80. guage to writing, and it is due to him Furche-Verlag. Berlin. and to Dr. E. G. Phillips that the The Faiths of Mankind. William Pa- Garos have the Bible in their own ton. Second Edition. 156 pp. 2s. 6d. S. C. M. P. London. vernacular. THE MOSLEM WORLD SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JANUARY NUMBER: Unitarianism and the Gospel …………………………… Archbishop of York The Study of the Koran Text ……….•……………………… Arthur Jeffery Does the Bible Speak of Mohammed? ………………………. James Robson A Baha'i Pontiff in the Making ………………..•………… Albert E. Suthers AI Madina: Arabic or Aramaic ….•…….•…..•………….. Eric F. F. Bishop Moslems in the United States ……••.•….••..••…………•… G. H. Bousquet Christianity and Islam in Lanao ……..•..•.•.•…………….. Frank C. Laubach To Whom Will Ye Liken God? ……………………….. Laurence E. Browne A Moslem Shrine in Buda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " …….. Ladislaus Draskoay The Moslem Doctrine of Revelation ……………………………"Orientalist"

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The Missionary Review of the World — July 1934

JULY.AUGUST,1934

The Response of Youth Ezra P. Young A New Day in Giving Robert E. Speer A Challenge from the Near East w. Harold Storm New Lives for Old in Chinatown Donaldina Cameron What Christ Has Brought to China T. z. Koo When Home Mission Income Drops A Symposium

the Service Dates to Remember Church in East Africa since 1907

calls you East of Suez … sail July 5-Aug. 12-Winona School of been elected an honorary life member Theology, Winona Lake, Ind. of the American Bible Society, in July 20-25-World's Woman's Chris- recognition of comwicuous service in tian Temperance Union Convention, Stockholm. the revision of the translation of the New Testament into Tswa, spoken in July 30-Sept. 8-Summer Seminar on Education and Culture Contacts. Portuguese East Africa and in the Dept. of Education, Yale Univer- sity, New Haven, Conn. Transvaal. *** August 3-10 – United Presbyterian Dr. Francis Shunk Downs, pastor Missionary Conference. New Wil- of the First Presbyterian Church, mington, Penn. Write to W. D. Mc- Berkeley, California, has accepted the Clure, 707 Publication Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. invitation of the Chosen Mission to August 4-10-Baptist World Congress. participate in the Golden Jubilee of Berlin. the beginning of Presbyterian mis- August 5-12-Foreign Mission Week sionary work in Korea, to be held in of Southern Baptist Convention, Seoul, the first week of July. Dr. Ridgecrest, N. C. Downs will visit various mission sta- August 10-l7-Conference on Wor- tions in Korea, China and Japan, and ship. Silver Bay, Lake George, N. Y. will fill different preaching and con- ference appointments, meeting with August 21-24–Tenth National Con- groups of missionaries and national vention, Evangelical Brotherhood, church leaders in each one of the three Evangelical Synod of N. A. Mil- THE ROUTE PREFERRED waukee, Wis. countries.

SINCE 18401 August 21-26-General Conference, *** Seventh Day Baptist Churches. Cross Cunard to England. Salem, W. Va. The Rev. Z'enan M. Corbe, D.D., and embark at London in a great was recently elected Executive Secreship of this Line that tradition- September 4-9 – National Baptist tary of the Board of American Misally and for nearly a century has Convention. Oklahoma City, Okla. sions of the United Lutheran Church carried the vanguard of the Church eastward to all the lands September 12-21- United Church of in America, to fill the office made vabeyond Suez. P & 0 Liners, of Canada, General Conference, Kingstransatlantic size and comfort, ton, Ont., Canada. cant by the death of the Rev. Dr. F. stand for the Progress of the West F. Fry. When he was executive secin scores of tropic ports and teem- September 29-Fifth Young Women's ing harbours of the Indian Ocean Congress for United Lutheran retary of the West Indies Board he and the Pacific. Natives measure Church. Dayton, Ohio. established a congregation of West time by their swift and sure arrival. Low rates and new, fast, September 30-0ctober 3-Ninth Bi- Indian Negroes in the Harlem section luxurious ships make the voyage ennial Convention of The Women's an exceptional value. Missionary Society of the United of New York City and more than 650 Lutheran Church. Dayton, Ohio. members are now enrolled in this October 4-13 – General Conference church. *** Evangelical Church. Akron, O. Dr. O. R. Avison, having reached October 17-United Lutheran Church the age limit for missionary service, in America. Savannah, Ga. has resigned both as president of the Personal Items Severance Medical College and of the Dr. W. A. Visser 'T Hooft, a young Hollander, succeeds Dr. John R. Mott Chosen Christian College. As his suc- as head of the World's Student Chris- cessor to the office of president of the tian Federation. Medical College, Dr. K. S. Oh, Vice- *** President, has been elected, and Dr.

Rev. and Mrs. Charles E. Hurlburt D. B. Avison succeeds him as vice- have recently celebrated their golden wedding. Mr. Hurlburt, as Director president. of the African Inland Mission soon after the death of its founder, Peter *** Cameron Scott, was instrumental in establishing the work in Kenya Col- Dr. H. H. Underwood, has been ony, guiding its extension into Tang- anyika Territory in 1909, pioneering elected president of Chosen Christian further advance into the Belgian Con- College and Mr. Yu Uck Kyum suc- go in 1912, and in the development of the work in French Equatorial Africa ceeds him to the vice-presidency. Dr. and the West Nile District of Uganda. Underwood is now on furlough but *** expects to return to Seoul in Septem- The Rev. J. F. Persson, a mission- ber. ary of the Methodist Episcopal (Concluded on third cover.) Regular sailings from London, AGENTS W~TED Gibraltar and Marseilles to India, Ceylon, Burma, Straits Settle- THE MISSIONARY REVIEW can ments, China, Japan, Australia, be sold in quantities to every Mis- New Zealand, Egypt, Sudan, Persian Gulf, East and South sionary Society. It furnishes infor- Africa, etc. mation in brief. interesting form for leaders and discussion groups. Why Complete information from not act as our Agent in your church Your Local Agent or or community? You can advance the cause of Foreign Missions, and at the t;UNARD~LINE same time earn a liberal commission.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD with SPEED DELAVAN L. PmRBoN, Editor COMFORT ECONOMY VOL. LVII Nos. 7-8 Summon Empress ofJapan . .. queen of the Pacific JULy-AUGUST, 1934 CALVERT GO DIRECT … reach Yokohama in 10 days on the fast sister-ships, Publication and Business Omce SCHOOL Empress ofRussia and Empress ofAsia Third and Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Pa. ..• the Pacific's shortest, fastest to You r Children crossing. Editorial and Executive Omce OR VIA HONOLULU … the Empress of 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City The small children of scores of American Japan (fastest liner on the Pacific) Entered as second-class matter at parents in China, Japan, Africa, India and and Empress ofCanada reach Hono- Post Omce, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act many other countries are receiving their en- lulu in 5 days, Yokohama in just 8 of March 3, 1879. tire elementary education from Calvert days more. 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. School in Baltimore. REDUCED ROUND -TRIP FARES __ • Foreign Postage, 50 cents a year. Orient fares include passage from Published monthly, except August. Thorough instruction Is given from first Seattle. Luxurious First, excellent All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1934. grade to high school by means of daily les- Tourist, low-priced Third Class. sons In all fundamental subjects. Also, an FREQUENT SAILINGS. _. from Van- MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- abundantly rich background is provided by couver (trains to ship-side) and the addition of subjects not taught in the Victoria. Orient ports-of-call: LISHING CO., INC. average school. Fascinating lessons in his- Yokohama, Kobe, Nagasaki, BOARD OF DIRECTORS tory of art, nature study, astronomy, geology Shanghai, Hong Kong, Manila. RoBERT E. SPEER, President and physics enliven the course. Booklets, information •.. from your WM. I. OHAMBERLAIN, Vice-President own travel agent or any Canadian WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer Later when Calvert pupils take their Pacific office in N ew York, Boston, DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary places with other Children, they usually take Chicago, St. Louis, San Francisco, SAMUEL MCCREA CAVERT advanced standing. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD Winnipeg, and many other cities WM. B. LIPPHARD The school furnishes a year's lessons at in United States and Canada. ERIC M. NORTH once for only $40, including all books and MILTON T. STAUFFER complete equipment consisting of pencils, pa- A. L. W ARNBHUIB per, attractive maps, charts and the most SAMUEL M. ZWEMER modern of educational devices. If extra as- sistance is desired by parents the school Editorial Chat gives a monthly criticism service at a most reasonable cost. Heads of missionary boards Already there has been a large de- have commendad on the very moderate cost mand for our special "Orientals in of Calvert instruction. America" number. Send your order for extra copies now before the supply In many places groups have been organis exhausted. Other valuable articles ized and are successfully taught by mothers on Orientals appear in this number with no teaching experience. All the courses, and more will follow. including 'a splendid Kindergarten course (,$10.50), are suitable for either individual *** or group instruction. Special rates are of- fered for groups. The present issue of THE REVIEW is a double number–July-August, as Virgil M. Hillyer, originator of Calvert announced. There will be no sep- home instruction school courses wrote "A arate August issue but the special Child's History of the World" and "A Child's October number will be extra size, Geography," successful books filled with the with some unusually valuable articles life and interest that brighten all Calvert on Japan. Send in your orders early. home lessons. Mail coupon today. It will be published September 25th. (See back cover for partial list of CALVERT SCHOOL articles.) 187 E. Tuscany Road, Balti- more, Md. *** Please send me full informa- Here are a few of the comments of tion, including sample lessons. readers showing why they find it worth while to read and recommend Name ……..••……..•••.• THE REVIEW-will you help us to extend the usefulness of the magazine? Address ……••..•.••.•••.•• *** Child's Age •••••….•••.••••• "The June issue is an extremely in- "It would be impossible for me to teresting number and ought to do tell you what a help and inspiration much good." and blessing I find in THE REVIEW. I am president of our Missionary So- CHAS. D. HURREY, General Secre- ciety, and director of Missionary In- tary, Comwittee on Friendly struction in the Church School, and Relations Among Foreign Stu- feel that I could not satisfactorily fill dents, New York. either place, without your wonderful help." *** MRS. W. F. GARVIN, Tulsa, Okla. "THE REVIEW gets better all the time-the June issue is splendid." *** AMELIA D. KEMP, Women's Mis- "I wish to express appreciation for sionary Society, United Lu- the splendid department that Mrs. theran Church, Phila., Pa. Aitchison is editing in THE REVIEW. I wish that many more women were subscribing for this magazine."

MISS LILLIAN C. GRAEFF, Wom.- an's Missionary Society of the Evangelical Church.

[321 ]

YEElN JEONG-SAVED TO SERVE Donaldlna ClUIleron, Lo Mo, nemesis of Chinese slave

discusses with Immigration Inspector, J. R. McGra.th, the fate of little Chole Lee, just a.rrlved from China.. Carol Green Wilson , an Interested spectator, Is the author of " Chinatown Quest," the story of Miss Cameron's long fight against the traffic fn Chinese slav.e girls.

GROUP OF WOMEIN AND GIRLS AT CHINESE MISSION HOME, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA WORKING WITH GIRLS IN CHINATOWN (See page 327)

NARY

REVIB ORLD AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS VOLUME LVII JULY-AUGUST, 1934 NUMBERS SEVEN-EIGHT Topics of the Times AFTER COLLEGE-WHAT? Freshmen Seniors Percent Per cent It is reported that some one hundred and seventy thousand young men and young women were Attend church regularly ……….. 70 27 graduated in June from American colleges, uni- Belief in pacifism …………….. 11 58 versities and technical schools. What will they do Think all Christians must be church 35 members ……………………. 83 with the training they have received? How well While these answers may not be typical of all have the teachers, their courses of study and the colleges and universities, they show the general scholastic influences prepared them to take their trend of modern education. Is it strange that places in the world so as to render effective serv- only a small proportion of graduates seem to put i<;e for God and man? A college or university is God first and are ready to offer their lives for to be judged by its output-by the ideals, the sacrificial Christian service? Much of college life purpose, the preparedness and ability of the grad- is taken up with sports, with humanistic philosuates to meet life's problems and to make the ophy and materialistic views of the universe. most of their opportunities. While many students have ideals of service for humanity, a large proportion seem to have as Among the factors that greatly influence the their chief ambition money getting. Comparativeoutput are the home, the church, and the personal ly few have learned to look for God's plan in their character of the individual student. In the same lives or listen to hear His call to Christlike living soil and rain and sunshine grow both weeds and and service either at home or abroad. A very roses. The most important factors are the seed large proportion of the students for the ministry sown and the care in cultivation. and the missionary volunteers come from the smaller denominational colleges. A professor in a state college recently sent us the results of a questionnaire answered by the But there are many of these Christian colleges same group of students at the close of each of the and there are thousands of students who learn in four years of their course. This questionnaire re- them to see God at work in the universe and to veals some things about the influence of that col- seek His plan for their lives. Christian parents lege on the minds and characters of the students. will do well to enroll their sons and daughters in The following are some of the revelations shown the school of Christ which will prepare them for by the contrast at the end of the first and the His service. fourth years of their course.

Freshmen Seniors Percent Per cent THE NEW LIFE MOVEMENT IN CHINA Belief in a personal God ……….. 84 60 Belief in evolution …………….. 15 72 The Chinese acknowledge that present-day Belief in Bible inspiration ……… 75 35 China shows many signs of weakness and decay. Belief in Bible miracles ………… 88 46 Belief in answers to prayer …….. 85 65 Theoretically the principles and ideals set forth Use tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 80 by the late Dr. Sun Yat Sen offer a program Approve of women smoking ……… 17 54 promising to promote progress-if these princi- Disapprove of gambling ………… 62 26 Consider "petting" an evil ………. 73 70 ples can be carried out successfully. The chief Consider dancing harmful ………. 50 8 difficulty is that this program does not take suf- Against Sunday movies, etc. …….. 60 77 ficiently into account foreign influences-like J a- [323 ]

pan-that hinder its fulfilment, or the moral weak- Dr. Chu goes on to say that this Movement nesses of human nature as seen in Chinese leaders should begin with the daily life of the individual themselves-the selfishness, dishonesty and ambi- and culminate in the harmonious development of tion that lead to corruption in politics and busi- all his faculties, it should also, starting with the ness. Some Chinese statesmen have expressed the individual, eventually permeate the whole nation. conviction that China's greatest needs are the "If we cannot do things, we cannot acquire real moral strength and high standards found in knowledge. If we cannot regulate our own life, Christ alone. we cannot regulate our country. If we cannot regulate our daily life, we cannot regulate our Recently Gen. Chiang Kai-shek, the most prom- whole personality." The New Life Movement aims inent military and political leader in China—':and at the orderly development of the life of the naa professing Christian-has launched what is tion through spiritual influences and through called "The New Life Movement." This has readiness to make sacrifices. found many advocates and adherents among the Chinese who see in it a new ray of hope for Many movements have been started in China rejuvenation and moral progress. It is not with various objectives-the class-war movement, avowedly Christian, but advocates Christian ideals the proletarian literary movement, and others that of life. Dr. Chu Chia-Hua, Minister of Communi- are nothing more than depreciated theories cations, says in The People's Tribune: smuggled in from foreign countries. They do not improve the daily life of the individual, but make Our country is in a perilous condition. The economic victims of innocent youths. The New Life Movesituation in the rural districts has grown worse until the ment aims at the salvation of the individual and population is confronted with the spectre of bankruptcy. of the nation. Political inability and social unrest have sapped and lowered the vitality of the nation. Communists have Dr. Chu continues: played havoc with life and property as well as our cultural and spiritual inheritance in the regions which they infest. The problem of education is closely related to the pres- At the same time, the great forces moving the present-day ent Movement. Politeness and courtesy are gone, 'order world have caused us to lose our balance. What is worse, and discipline have disappeared, and the sense of responmany of our countrymen are trying to destroy the founda- sibility is a virtue conspicuous for its rarity. Flourishing tion upon which we had built the superstructure of our like noxious plants are corruption, confusion, and the sen~e civilization. of futility and world weariness.

The New Life Movement, therefore, answers the urgent During the National Education Conference of 1928 the demand of the whole nation. We are naturally most anx- Chung Shan University, together with the Departments ious to find a way out of the difficulties which beset our of Education of Kwangtung and Kwangsi Provinces, path. It is our duty to arouse our fellow-countrymen to brought up a proposal to base national education upon work together in starting a new life, at the same time the Three Peoples' Principles, so as to effect the renaisbringing about the renaissance of the Chinese nation. sance of the Chinese nation. With this end in view, for the last two or three years, the Ministry of Education has This Movement is based upon the spirit of the Chinese endeavored to reform public education in China. General people as revealed in its history, and its aim is to enrich Chiang's purpose in starting the New Life Movement is and deepen that spirit. Unfortunately, since the Sung to remould the whole social fabric so as to develop the Dynasty, the splendor of Chinese civilization has been Chinese people. dimmed, and the Chinese today have lost confidence in the historical mission of their race. It is true that with the Any other reform movement that is to be perintroduction of Western civilization many reform move- manent must include the education of the youth. ments have been started, but they have been launched But reform and education are not sufficient. New either with a veneer of slavish imitation of Western civili- life calls for a spiritual "new birth," and that zation, or with entire disregard of the historical back- comes only through the Spirit of God working in ground of China. human hearts.

Our late leader, Sun Yat Sen has shown that if we The elements of truth and strength in this "New want to renew the strength of our nation, we must revital- Life Movement" are not rooted in Chinese history ize the old moral values, which are wisdom, loving kind- and ethics, however good these may be. Many ness, and courage and which, stated in other terms, are would-be leaders in Germany are defying Teuloyalty, filial devotion, kindness, love, faithfulness, justice, tonic history and tradition and advocate discardpeace, and harmony. These constitute the essence of the ing all that is foreign-including the Biblespirit of the Chinese people as revealed in history which whether true or false. China, Japan, India, Geris ages old. The purpose of our late leader was to enrich many, Italy, Turkey, cannot reach their goal by and deepen that spirit through moral influence, and to making a god of nationalism. Truth must be acreplace the principle of might with the principle of right- cepted because it is true, and life is begotten of eousness. General Chiang Kai-shek in selecting propriety, life. Since there is one true God, He alone can give life. How can man-made standards, either justice, integrity and the sense of shame as the basis of ancient or modern, be substituted for the eternal the New Life Movement, is also prescribing the right God and His Way of Life as r~vealed in Christ? remedies for prevailing diseases, for to those who want to cure the ills of China, the spiritual heritage of our race is a perennial source of inspiration. All of us who are in this movement should observe courtesy and decency in our intercourse with other people, should have a sense of justice, a sense of shame, and scrupulously refrain from fraudulent practices.

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

The fruits of righteousness come from the roots as of our blessings, and is a concrete expression of true spiritual life. of thanks for daily mercies.

"We are finding that in this the second year THE CENT-A-MEAL PLAN many are adopting the Cent-a-Meal Plan who re- fused to take it a year ago. In other cases, how- "Many a mickle makes a muckle." The widow's ever, the interest is waning. We expect to receive mites have been more effective in the long run in considerably more this year than last, as many the work of the Kingdom of God than the millions churches started on the system towards the close of dives. Some missionary workers are not dis- of the year. We feel, as a United Church, that it couraged when streams of benevolence cease to has been a great blessing to us. Had it not been flow abundantly. They pray to God to touch the for the $100,000 received from this means we hidden springs that never dry up, knowing that would have been under compulsion to curtail our He is able to bring water even from the rock. work again in 1934. The Cent-a-Meal Box made When the large gifts ceased and deficits faced it possible for us to close our books with the very the missionary work of the United Church of small deficit of $32,000 on the budget of $2,615,- Canada, many small gifts were sought, backed by 000."

sacrifice and prayer and the Cent-a-Meal Box Plan *** was adopted for missionary offerings. What has been the result? In reply to our inquiry the Rev. This same plan has been promoted by the Stu- George A. Williams of Toronto, who promoted the dent Volunteer Movement and has been a real plan in the United Church of Canada, writes: blessing. Mr. Jesse R. Wilson, General Secretary, writes: "The Cent-a-Meal Box was originally devised, not to take the place of any system now being "The idea in the Cent-a-Meal Plan of contribuused, but rather as a simple means of making it tions for financial support was adapted to our possible for people in times of depression to sup- needs as an appeal primarily to students and plement their contributions, and more particularly friends whose help students might enlist. Plain, to reach people who do not contribute through the unvarnished, substantial wooden boxes were se- Duplex Envelope, and in many cases are not found cured large enough to hold 150 pennies. On the frequently in church. We discovered that less front of each was pasted a lable which reads: than 50% of our church membership contribute In Gratitude to the Giver of All Good Gifts regularly to missions, and it was to reach this un- productive field of noncontributors that we de- I (or we) dedicate vised the Cent-a-Meal Box. A – CENT – A – MEAL "The plan has been introduced in 1,930 parishes for and 125,000, or one-quarter of all our families in the United Church of Canada, are now using 1. The Current Budget of the S. V. M. them. We did not get started until late in the 2. The Movement's Twelfth Quadrennial Convention. year 1933 and have not a complete report as to the amounts received .from the boxes, but we dis- (December 28, 1935-January 1, 1936) covered that we have through this means raised 3. Christian Missions Abroad. at least $100,000. We have succeeded also in en- All gifts received will be apportioned equally among the causes listed.

listing the support of a great number of new con- On the bottom of the box is another label readtributors and in some cases, after using the box ing: for six months, these new contributors use the regular Duplex Envelope. In one church where A-Cent-A-Meal as a thank-offering to God for the joy 150 boxes were in use, 50 new contributors began a·nd strength and courage of every day. to use the envelope system at the beginning of When the box is filled, open by scraping off this label and cutting along edges of hinged wooden flap. Push in this year. end just to the left of the nail hinge. Remove contents and send by check or money order to THE STUDENT VOLUN- I'There are also many indications of the educational and spiritual value of the ,use of the boxes. TEER MOVEMENT. Thousands of children have learned to say "Grace" at the table, using the words on the box, "As we Seal box again (with extra seal provided inside) for partake of Thy bounties, 0 Lord, we would be further use. mindful of the needs of others." This method has "As the money reaches our office it will be ap- portioned as follows: offered an opportunity to teach Christian steward- "1. One-third to the current expenses of the ship in the homes and has made the missionary movement in support of its missionary, educa- work more real to the members of the family. It tional and recruitment work in the colleges and is a constant reminder of our obHgations as well universities of the United States and Canada.

"2. One-third to the building up of a Twelfth feature with the confident expectation that the attendance would greatly increase when people Quadrennial Convention Fund. This convention realized the value of the meetings. will be held December 28, 1935 through January 1, 1936. This will initiate the commemoration of The total attendance at conferences was 9,052; the Fiftieth Anniversary of the beginning of the at schools and service clubs 6,727; the grand total addressed was 21,852. The cities were much movement-1886-1936. smaller than those approached last year and the conference character of these meetings was in "3. One-third to some Christian missionary distinction from the mass meeting type. In the projects now being carried on by Student Volun- main the attendance comprised those who were teers, the project to be determined by the General already committed to Christian missions and their support. Council of the movement." There are four areas in which further study This plan appealed readily to many of the and planning are needed to make these conferstudent constituency as affording an interesting ences more effective: (1) In the educational technique which will make it possible to register and practicable method of contributing to the results in churches in each community. (2) A work. Some 1,400 boxes have been distributed. new study of ways in which the younger genera- Names and addresses for most of these are on file, tion can be inspired with the missionary passion and their enthusiasm enlisted. (3) More definite and statements about the movement have been plans for reaching members of the church who are sent to them at intervals of some six weeks. interested in the changes that are taking place which condition the effectiveness of missionary Recently a call has been made for funds col- work and which call for modifications in the pro- gram. These forward looking people need to be lected, but with the suggestion that such funds informed of the changing strategy in missions should be sent only when the box is "stuffed like and the support of the whole church enlisted for a Thanksgiving turkey." Some fifty-two have such changes as are inevitable. (4) The inclusion of features in the program of home base promosent in gifts. The general secretary says: tion as will reach the people not interested in missions at present but those potentialities ought "We believe the plan has had some real educa- to be enlisted. Many people should be able to give time to the promotion of additional interests. If tional value. It has deepened interest in the move- the missionary forces are sufficiently awake to the ment in a circle much larger than that represented possibilities in this field they can secure increasby actual participants in the plan. It has created ingly large amounts of time for the development of a program that will enlist them in definite acan expectancy with regard to the Twelfth Quad- tivities for the advancement of Christian missions. Christian missions should become a hobby in the rennial Convention. It has called forth prayer for best sense for many who in the years ahead will missions and has focussed peoples' minds on the have opportunities for devoting themselves to new necessity of giving to Christian causes in even interests which they have never had before. though only in small amounts. The gifts will enable us to bring encouragement and help to Stu- The campaign committee has begun to formudent Volunteers at work under various mission late plans for a continent-wide series of united missionary conferences for next fall and winter. boards throughout the world." , Tentative plans involve a team with Dr. T. Z. Koo as one of the speakers for cities on the Pacific MAKING MISSION CONFERENCES coast during October, for the mid-West in Novem- EFFECTIVE ber, for Canada in December, for New England and the Atlantic states in January and February, A series of foreign mission meetings were held and for the South in March. (April 10 to 25) in Hackensack, New Brunswick, Elizabeth, Plainfield and Bridgeton, New Jersey, There is a very favorable response to the united and Allentown, Bethlehem and Easton, Pennsyl- approach exhibited in these missionary confervania, with as speakers Rev. Frank T. Cartwright, ences. It becomes increasingly apparent that these D.D., Miss Olive E. Jones, Hartman A. Licht- united missionary meetings are of great signifiwardt, M.D., Rev. Cleland B. McAfee, D.D., Rev. cance in the effort to portray the missionary enter- J. Roy Strock, D.D., and Miss Sue E. Weddell. prise in its true proportions.

The messages given were of very high character. The conferences with ministers on the conduct of missions and with mission study leaders and church officers were well attended and developed much interest.

One of the leading pastors at the close of a round table meeting remarked: "I have got more out of this morning's conference than from any similar meeting that I ever attended."

The hope was expressed in a number of centers that thp, conferences could be made an annual

Lives for Old in

By DONALDINA CAMERON, I San Francisco, California }9- Superintendent of the PresByterian Mission Home W HILE in early days Argonauts from the in the little Western China on the Pacific Coast, wide world over were following veins of passed the torch to other women and a group was glittering gold woven by old "Mother organized for service. Lode" through canyon and crest of California's Miss S. M. Cummings, appointed as missionary, lofty Sierras and fair valleys, another smaller was established in a wee three-room Mission group of pioneers, Home that became mostly women, actu- the nucleus for the ated by higher and g rea t e r spiritual nobler mot i v e s building that was to found and followed rise and through a richer v e i n of future years was to pur e r gold than become a power ever rewarded the house,. Its corner- weary labor of those stone was laid on who followed the the rock of faith far-famed Mother and prayer offered Lode. in an obscure Chi- Sixty years ago, nese Mission House t h r e e d e v 0 ted in old San Fran- American worn e n cisco.

met in a little "up- Deep shafts went per chamber" 0 n down year aft e r the edge of old year into the sub- Chi n a to w n, San soil of old China- Francisco. Tho s e town, reI e a sin g were the intensely wealth of precious materialistic early go I d for mintage days of which Bret that has borne the Harte wrote: King's Image and I know thy cunning and Superscription far thy greed, and wide for the re- lief of China's deep Thy hard high lust and Sp.Ul. t ua Ipovt er y. wilful deed, To other peoples And all thy glory loves and countries far to tell and near, the light, Of specious gifts ma- terial.

Mrs. John Gulick, the truth and the a missionary of the way of life have American Board re- AMERICAN AND CHINESE HELPERS IN THE MISSION HOME been made known turning from China bee a use a little to New England, group of women, was one of that early group. When parting from with deep love and high courage in their hearts, her two friends she confidently assured them, discovered, mined and minted our Western Chi- "God will honor your faith." Imbued with hope nese "Mother Lode." Redeemed and revivified and courage Mrs. Ira Condit and Mrs. C. H. Cole, lives are their enduring monument today on both both Eastern women whose missionary zeal sent sides of the world.

them forth to serve Chinese women and children The first small group, augmented by other [327 ]

dauntless spirits, were the vanguard of the great too must be fed. There were little sisters of no empire builders on this far-flung coast. They practical value, though they might be in later surely were envisioned in Isaiah's prophetic as- years; so the eldest girl was offered a ready sac- surance, "I will go before thee and make crooked rifice, but the cost of her own life was greater places straight, I will break in pieces the gates than Ah So dreamed.

of brass and cut in sunder the bars of iron." These God knew that strong unselfish soul and His words were spoken for King Cyrus, but are al- Spirit followed her. The Arm that is never short- ways and forever the heritage of all true servants ened in its saving outreach gathered Ah So from of the King Eternal. bondage of body and spirit, lifting her into liberty, and shedding into her soul a radiant light that has illumined many other lives.

In the deep of tragic surroundings, alone and friendless in a far country, bartered for gold by the one who brought her from her own home in China to America, Ah So poured out her heart to the woman whom she still honors with the sacred title of "mother." This letter, written in Chinese and found by those whom a Father's love sent in quest of lost Chinese girls, is an open window I into the soul of one of the finest ever discovered.

CHINESE MISSION HOME "920'" SACRAMENTO ST., Letter front Ah So to Her Mother Found in Suitcase SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA After Arrest in Fresno February 7, 1924 Those who serve God have infinite resources; To My Honorable Mother, Greetings: so His servants have always received from Him a golden goblet brimming over with Water of I have left you for several months. I hope you are well Life to share with a weary, thirsty world. In and so my heart will be at peace. I received your letter sharing, the marvel and glory of refilling is and heard about the children. I am very glad to receive wrought and refreshment for the great task given. this news.

*** Your daughter has come to America. I have been ill for several months and have not yet recovered. . . . The We invite you to meet the family of Mrs. L. Q. man, Huey Yow, who brought me to California, compelled whose life story proves this truth. What family me to pay him one thousand dollars. I have already done has no hidden skeleton in its attic or ghost that so. haunts its soul in quiet moments? We try to draw a curtain across dark moments in life and Mother, you must be sure to take good care of yourself firmly close doors to keep away shadows, but only and not worry. This illness of your daughter is not very the full light from the face of Jesus Christ, when serious. In a few days probably there will be two or all of life is turned over to Him, can fully dispel three hundred dollars sent you for New Years. these haunting shadows. So it has been with the life of this happy Chinese wife and mother. Your daughter's condition is very tragic, . . . Daugh- ter is not angry with you. It seems to be just my fate. The Story of Ah So In ancient times, the Chinese legends say, there was a man, Man Jung, who wept under a bamboo tree out of Ah So came to the United States ten years ago, filial reverence for his parents. Another man, Wong sent forth by her mother to find in Kum Shan Cheong, was going to Pekin to see the Emperor to ask (Gold Mountain) wealth for her family living in redress for wrongs done his parents, and it was so cold dire poverty in China. This daughter had little he must sleep on ice. These two great heroes left their value in the eyes of that pagan mother. There honorable names behind them as examples of filial piety. were brothers that must, of course, be taken care of. Then there was an old helpless father who After I have earned money by living this life . . . I will return to China and become a Buddhist nun. If, hav- ing earned money for my mother, I am able to expiate my sin also by becoming a nun, I shall be grateful to my mother. By accomplishing these two things I shall have attained all the requirements of complete filial piety.

If people treat me kindly, I shall be kind to them. Even if they treat me unkindly, I shall still be kind to them. Since I have not done evil to others, why should others do evil to me? At home, a daughter should be obedient to her parents; after marriage to her husband; after the death of her husband, to her son. These are the three great obediences.

Be sure not to have any trouble with Ah Ging and Meung Ping. As in the building of a house there are twelve beams and you do not know which is the strongest, so in a family you cannot judge which will be the most dependable one. A son is a human being, and so is a daughter. At home, everybody looks down upon a daugh- ter. How is it now? When I was at home, mother, you looked down upon me as a daughter. Since daughter

NEW LIVES FOR OLD IN CHINATOWN

came to California, by right she should forsake you. But, his father. Paul is growing to be a big boy. He has a in thinking it over, the greatest virtue in life is reverence cold now and does not feel so well. He is running around to parents, so I am keeping a filial heart. My present and is learning to talk. misfortune is due to the sins of a previous incarnation. Now I may be somebody's daughter, but some day I may I am taking care of my brother-in-Iaw's son. He is a be som,ebody's mother. little boy about ten years old. He minds very well and wishes to become a Christian and live a Christian life. Years have passed since that letter was written and discovered. Release of body, mind and spirit Mae (our daughter) will graduate from the University came to Ah So; after long seeking and much in- of Washington this coming June. She wishes to return to ward conflict with fear, depression and distrust, China to do work. She studies bacteriology at the unifaith and love triumphed. God spoke definitely versity. to Ah So through His own Word and a broken life was given over to be rebuilt, a new stone was Lo Mo, when I look at my three children, I always think laid in the "Temple not made with hands, eternal of you and your workers at the Mission Home. If it were in the heavens." not for your help, I would not have what I do. I am again very thankful to you. When these children grow up, I A life renewed and other lives renewed by it is hope they will do God's work and be His disciples. There revealed in the following letter written by Ah So is a lot of His work to be done in this world especially in ten years after her former letter was penned. China where so many are suffering both mentally and This letter came addressed to the foster-mother physically. Mary and Eva will return to this country next of her loved Mission Home family in San Fran- year and finish their work and then return to China. cisco. A TRAGEDY AVERTED-AH SO AND HER FAMILY *** (See page 328) DECEMBER 28, 1933. The girls and I are getting along fine. You need not be My Dear Lo Mo: worried of that. I am again grateful and thankful to God for His help. It has been a long while since I have written you, but there has not been a moment in which I have not thought I hope you will take good care of yourself and please of you and friends at the Mission Home. I hope this give my love to teachers. Christmas has been a joyous one. Lovingly yours, Lo Mo, I am so happy that you have found such a won- AB So. derful place for the fifty dollars. Your suggestions are always for the best and where it will receive the most The latest word comes, as a Sixtieth Annivergood. I am happy to have you carry out your plans. sary greeting to the Home through which her own life and the lives of others have been redeemed. We came back to America last year in May. We felt that a living was much easier to make in this country than Dearest Lo Mo, teachers and friends: China. With these small children, it will take a long while Congratulations on your sixtieth anniversary. Would before they are able to care for themselves. We stayed with friends while our home was being built. I have been like to come and celebrate with you but it is too far, canbusy, very busy since then. Mary and Eva are in Hongkong going to school. We felt it was an opportunity for will not come. I am wiring telegram for memory of the them to receive a Chinese education, something that they could not attain here. They are cared for by their Ki school, Lo Mo, teachers and friends. Hope God bless Neang and Ki Yea, who are both Christians. the school as long as the world lasts.

My sister is also staying with them. They are always MRS. L. Q. thoughtful of you too. They are all living in our home. My sister has become a Christian. She and my adopted Yeen Jeong girl were baptized this Christmas. I adopted this girl from my father-in-law who wished to take her as his sec- "Faith is the substance of thAngs hoped for, the eviond wife. Upon hearing this, I immediately took her to dence of things not seen." my home. She is now going to school with my two girls and sister. She is happy and I have named her Wai Goy. Contrast the childhood of a life without God, This is interpreted as God's love, and I love her. then follow its growth and maturity as it first touches through the faith of another, and then by My mother died before our return to China. Before her its own faith knows and walks with God in ever death she said she could not entrust the two smaller brothers and two sisters to anyone excepting myself. On my return I tried my best to fulfill her wish and care for them. One of the sisters is married and the other one staying with the three girls.

The two smaller brothers are in a Christian home for children. These two boys have not yet been baptized but want to become Christians after they grow older. My married sister is baptized and a Christian woman. I am very grateful and thankful to God that my husband is willing to care for these smaller brothers and sister and help them.

On November 3d this year we had another baby girl. Her name is Ruth. William is well and goes out with his father on the truck every day. He enjoys working with

deepening companionship to the place which it So the seeds dropped many, many years before now holds, giving the Water of Life to other in the heart of her sister began to yield flowers in thirsty souls. Yeen Jeong's life.

Yeen Jeong spent her childhood in northern Now she stands on a new threshold, no longer Siskayou the companion and sole comfort of an the fearful timid child in search of shelter from a older sister who was the unhappy victim of an ruthless fate that seemed to pursue her sister and old-time arranged marriage with a husband who herself; but a confident intelligent girl, knowing in age, habits of life and disposition was utterly the security of Him in whom she had come to beunfit and unworthy of the lovely child wife he had lieve and put her trust, asking guidance for "the purchased. With all the devotion of a tender lov- next step." Desiring to pass on her new-found ing heart Yeen Jeong's sister guarded the little blessings Yeen Jeong asks, "What shall I do next, child turned over to her when their mother re- to prepare for life?" What shall be her special turned to China. line of service? Constantly the cry from Oriental The Western lumber camp where these sisters countries for more medical missionaries stirs our lived offered no incentive for the finer things of hearts, and we hear again Peter's challenge, life, but there had been instilled in the heart of "Silver and gold have we none; but as I have give the elder Chinese girl during two short years I thee; in the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth when as a little child her life touched the life of rise up and walk." a noble American Episcopal Deaconess in old Teaching, journalism, other possibilities were Chinatown, a love and longing for the better things of life which prompted her to learn to read considered but medicine seemed the way that of- fered greatest opportunities for practical service and write, and later lead her to correspond with the Presbyterian Mission Home, groping for help along with spiritual opportunity. Through her and comfort in her own sad life. own steadfast efforts, working in an American home, making intelligent use of her technical Lux When at last the inevitable crisis came and her School training Yeen Jeong managed to finish loved little sister needed protection, Mrs. Wong Junior College. Stanford University accepted her had established friendly relations with those who though only a very limited number of women stu- could do for Yeen Jeong what she alone was un- dents are admitted to Stanford. Yeen Jeong able to do. She secretly sent her sister to the bravely began the impossible task of "working her Mission Home to ask protection and guidance. way" through college, but the heavy pre-medical It was well that she did thus safeguard the one course she had undertaken proved more than even she could carry, and just as the way to her goal she loved for not long after her own life was sud- seemed closed friends rallied to her help. denly transplanted beyond the withering influences of evil and sorrow, but she was spared to Mrs. H. B. Pinney, former president of that know the joy of having placed her dearest earthly noble group of Presbyterian women, "The Occicompanion on the way to that fuller life so much of which she herself had failed to attain in this dental Board of Foreign Missions," still carrying on the spirit of its early organizers, though now world. Yoke Yeen Jeong arrived at the threshold of merged in other Boards of the church, came to the the Presbyterian Mission Home at 920 Sacra- aid of this former protege of the Mission Home, mento Street a bewildered child of fifteen whose and another retired president of the same Mislife had been cramped and thwarted by untoward sion Board, Mrs. Cyrus Wright whose life had circumstances and darkened by the cruel perver- been poured forth from girlhood in the great sity of older people who hindered instead of cause of Missions, took up the task of helping helped an unusually bright and eager mind to un- Yeen Jeong help herself through college. It was fold; but so wonderful is the alchemy of love that a happy reward after two years to see their ward her sister's devotion kept Yeen Jeong's courage lead the long procession of black gowned graduand hope alive until she found sanctuary in the ates through the beautiful "Quad" of Stanford Home where gradually all the deep longings of her University on Commencement Day. Yeen Jeong was now ready for the last step in her long climb disappointed childhood came to fruition. upward. Con~ultation with a few friends and the Grammar school was quickly completed in the sympathetic Dean of Stanford Medical School led Yeen Jeong to decide upon the Women's Medical Home School; then came four practical helpful College of Pennsylvania, where so many medical years of high school work, at Lux Technical School, where valuable lessons in home economics prepared Yeen Jeong to help herself through serv- missionaries and Christian Chinese doctors have ice in domestic work, thus she managed to win received their training.

through' high school, gaining the love and con- First there came one quiet year of Bible study fidence of many friends, and finishing as presi- in Philadelphia. Then with the continued help of dent of her class. Mrs. C. S. Wright, and the Presbyterian Scholar-

UTE INDIANS PETITION FOR A CHURCH

ship Aid Fund, also some help from Mrs. Milton Could we have a happier, more satisfying seal Stewart of Pasadena and other friends Yeen placed on years of service for God and the world Jeong completed her medical course. than that of a life given freely, thoroughly trained, and with loyalty to God and His Great Longing to return to her own Chinese associates Commission, placed at His service largely through in the West, application was made for an intern- the generous help of the former president of the ship at the Los Angeles Hospital. No Oriental Occidental Board? The prayers of all friends of internes had been accepted at this hospital for missions are earnestly asked for this young Chiseven years; but Yeen Jeong's excellent creden- nese doctor, Yeen Jeong. tials and the solicitation of many friends won her a place which she has acceptably filled for the past To a friend she herself quoted Tagore's lines year. A position was offered our young doctor acknowledging the source from which her blessimmediately at the close of her hospital course ings have flowed: which she is now filling. Thou hast made me known to friends whom I knew not, At the Sixtieth Anniversary Celebration of her Thou hast given me seats in homes not my own, old Mission Home, Yeen Jeong drove from dawn Thou hast brought the distant near, till late afternoon over the wide reaches of the And made a brother of the stranger. San Joaquin Valley and the hills that divided her present place of service from San Francisco, that Dr. Jeong now lives a life in harmony with the she might meet·and greet the friends of her early lines written by one far greater than the Indian girlhood, and especially the faithful friends whose poet: "Thou lovest righteousness and hatest wickrepresentative she hopes to be before long among edness; therefore God, even thy God, hath her own great nation in China. anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows."-Psalm forty-five.

Ute Indians Petition for a Church O N NOVEMBER 1, 1933, a large company . of Utes and Navajos gathered in the assem- bly rooms of the Towaoc Indian School, Colorado, for the purpose of meeting a commis- In God the "'At.h'lr, J e3u.! J,r l ,,, "'1'it J.m, ~'r•..l. ill ih"' ibly ,!>lrlt"e l:I•.!ll ,l'I~; ~" … ,,,HI.I· t,,,; t) .'/Jl l;> tw tl'lune God anJ. sion from the Presbytery of Pueblo in response to vroClota 11:; .!auae , VIe hel:'~by petitt on t Il e .!'ruD1Lery oJ! Puebl,,) a petition by Utes for the organization of a church. NAMES AND FINGER-PRINTS OF INDIANS WHO SIGNED THE PETITION FOR… A PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH After a full discussion of the matter on the part of the Indians and the visitors, and after a con- fession of faith in Jesus Christ, made by those who were ready to unite with the church, and the baptism of those who had not already been bap- tized, the Towaoc Indian Presbyterian Church was formally organized with eighty charter mem- bers. Fourteen were baptized. The first name on the petition for organization was that of the Chief of the Tribe, John Miller. His name was followed by the names of all the other chief men who are members of the Tribal Council. Most of the signatures were made by thumb-print.

The missionary in charge of this field, Mr. Rus- sell, says that the eighty charter members do not by any means include all who would like to unite witli the church. He looks for a ve~y encouraging ingathering during the coming yellr. The new congregation is greatly in need of a" church build- ing which will contain accommodations also for recreational and other activities. The only build- ing available at the present time is the Govern- ment school. The Utes are very poor and unable to provide the funds and it would greatly encour- age this new Indian congregation if some friends of the Indian work would contribute money to establish a church building for them, making it the center of further evangelizing efforts.

Strengthening Ties Between

and Americans -af I By JAMES TOOKER FORD, Los Angeles, California JB- A "JAPANESE Christian Oorrespondence A member of the faculty of the Arthur T. Pier- Club" was formed in Los Angeles a few son Memorial Bible School of Seoul, Korea, years ago, composed of a few retired min- writes: "By interpreting Christ, as He is to be isters. Names of Japanese students were sent by lived in daily life, some may be able to give these missionaries and letters were exchanged between young people real living messages." them and members of the club in order to foster a friendly international spirit and to promote From Hangchow, China, a missionary writes as Christian life. Delightful letters from some of follows: "The plan is not only possible, but is also the Japanese young men show intelligence and re- desirable. Our boys have good English and our finement, excellent English, and fine penmanship. American friends who may not be acquainted with This plan helps to create a cordial feeling between the conventional Chinese politness, which has been the American and Japanese nations. It would developed for a thousand years, will always find seem to be advisable to broaden this work to in- that naturalness, simplicity, and good 'horseclude laymen and women of America and Orien- sense' will make them understood." tals of other nationalities. Missionaries in Japan, China, Korea, India and the Philippines would In carrying out this plan for creating a better gladly cooperate. The letters of those unacquaint- feeling of friendliness between Americans and ed with the English language might be translated foreign peoples, personal facts, interesting items but the work should generally be confined to those from our daily life, description of surroundings, who know English, as missionaries usually are too and views on national and international events busy to interpret and rewrite letters. There are and problems, should be followed by the deeper multitudes of young men and young women in matters of the religious life, and at the right time China, Japan, India, Korea and the Philippines the presentatioR of Jesus Christ as the Saviour of who have been trained in English schools, and man and the Revealer of God. This will be welwho understand the language, who might be comed by many. It is foreign missionary work greatly helped by kindly personal contacts. Amer- which can be done without leaving home. The icans and Orientals might thus be drawn closer writer can testify to the blessing that follows together by common interest and Christian love. thus coming into touch for the Lord's sake with A missionary of the American Presbyterian Mis- young people of a foreign land. It is a task to sion in China, writes: "I wish you every success. write a thoughtful, joyful Christian letter to a There should be care taken in the selection of the foreigner but as many as six letters a year is not correspondents: Men should correspond with an insuperable task, and it pays. Women cormen only, and women with women. There should respondents are more easy to get than men, but be no appeals for money. Both parties should be men are needed to correspond with men. Misable to use the same language." sionaries will gladly supply names for correspond. ence and a pastor can select two or three persons fitted for this work.

Every book in the New Testament was written by a missionary. The New Testament epistles were addressed to missionary churches. The Book of Revelation was a message to seven missionary churches in Asia. A map of the first century Christian world is a tracing of the missionary journeys of the Apostles. Of the twelve Apostles chosen by Jesus all except one became missionaries. The one who did not become a missionary became a traitor. The Bible is a foreign missionary book. The true Christian Church is a missionary Church. Those who love Jesus Christ and who long for the coming of His Kingdom have, even in times of depression, the missionary spirit.

[332 ]

Christ Has Brought to China*

11 By DR. T. Z. KOO, PciiKng, China III>- Dr. Koo has been for several years identified with the Christian Student MO'/Je- ment, not only in China, but throughout the world. He is widely known for his lucid and penetrating Christian thinking, whether ,before the League of Nations or in the conferences of groups of students both in the East and in the West.

I WOULD like to give some account of the con- is to take your time and learn how to live rightly tribution that the Christian religion has with your fellowmen. If you do that, you have brought into Chinese life, as seen through the done your duty. In another part of his book, he eyes of a Chinese Christian. I suppose, especially says something like this: Yes; these gods are as you attend missionary conferences here and there; honor them, but keep away from them.

there, you have been told of the excellent work Teachings like this have left an indelible effect that the Christian religion upon the development of has done in China through Chinese culture throughout its colleges. You have also What Christ means, or may these twenty or more cenheard of the good work done turies since his time. In through the mission hos- mean, to the Chinese is best il- other words, the effect was pitals, through the churches, lustrated by this story of what gradually to cause the quest He means to one Chinese-Dr. of the Chinese people for and through the other Chris- T. Z. Koo. Here is a man, edu- tian benevolent institutions. cated in Chinese history and God gradually to taper off, I am not going to repeat the ethics and in Christian philos- until, when we come to the good things that the Chris- ophy and science, who has been present time, we find it tian religion has already widely used not only as a mis- rather difficult to find the brought to China through sionary to his own people but words in our language to dethose agencies. It is rather as an emissary to the League of scribe the attributes of God. my wish to share with you Nations and to other races. He some of my own more per- has recently been touring the In other words, our culsonal readings of the mean- United States as a Christian ture has developed, not on missionary to American college the plane of life of man with ing of the Christian religion students. He is a co,nvincing God, but on the plane of life and its contribution to Chi- eV'idence of the value of Chris- of man with man. That is nese life. tian missions. Dr. Koo has been why people say Chinese cul- The first great contribu- invited to return to America ture is humanistic in its tion of the Christian religion this autumn to conduct a series main trends. to my country will be appre- of United Missionary Meetings. The trouble with that ciated, if I give you a little plane of life is that when touch of the background of you make a people live on our culture for many hundreds of years. Chinese their own level as man to man, you have taken culture you have heard described as being pre- away the power ever to rise above that level.

dominantly humanistic. Now, what do people You have condemlled the people gradually to lose mean by culture being humanistic? Very briefly vision in life, to lose the creative capacity in life.

put, if you go back to the books of Confucious and It may take centuries to find it out; but any peo- to the teachings of his particular school of ple who leave God out of their life will find it out thought, you come across something like this: Confucius did not deny that, in this universe, there is sooner or later. spirit or God, as we would say. But he did say that such a spirit is so far away from us, why It is into such a situation that you bring God waste time speculating about the nature of the in Christ; and, as the knowledge bursts over some spirit? You will never know very much about of us for the first time, we realize that God is not him. Therefore, the more reasonable thing to do distant but can come so close to us in Christ that we can say, with some of the prophets of old, that we can walk and talk with Him. We have a God hu*ndFrreodmth thanenBivibelresaSryoooieftythRe eBcoibrdle. SPocairettyofwoarnk aidndrCehsisnaa.t the one WI·th whose SpI'rI't our spI'rI't can come I'nto fellow- [333 ]

ship and communion. God who was distant has cerned. In that life you still have the rules and come near; God, whom we were told was un- regulations; but there also has come into that knowable, has become known to us in Christ. And life a personal influence. The rules and regula- when you call people, who have swung to the tions of the school are dry bones; they have no humanistic trend, to come into contact with the transforming power in the life of that boy; but living Spirit of the Lord of the universe, then you the influence of that great personality on the staff have given something back to that people that is of the school, once it touches that boy's life, un- bound to revolutionize life in that part of the consciously begins to work changes.

world. What Christianity has brought to China in the That is the first great contribution that Chris- person and Spirit of Christ we can think of as the tian missionaries and other agencies have brought personal influence in the life of that boy. We still into life in China. must know our rules and regulations as far as Chinese Life and Ethics ethics are concerned; although I have been a Christian many years, yet the whole background The second great contribution I would like to of ethics still is there. But, on top of that, I am mention is that Chinese life is one that is lived on not now merely adhering to a code; I have sur- a very high ethical plane. We have been taught rendered to a Personality. I have given myself to live rightly, man with man, and because we are not only to something that is dead, but to some taught to live rightly our culture has not pro- One who is living today.

duced much that could be described as theology, The third point I want to mention, is the fact that is, the science of God. But our culture has that, in the social background of China, for inproduced some very fine things in the way of stance, we as individuals receive very little considethics; and, I think, the Chinese people as a whole eration in the old social system, because we are owe to this fact its continuity. Our people have mere units of a family clan, sometimes composed lived through many invasions; we have weathered of many, many people. Our interests as individmany political storms; we have maintained our uals are not important. We must all serve the integrity as a living people down to the present interests of the clan. That is why sometimes you day. Why? Not because we had armies; not hear people say that life is cheap in the East. because we had great power in absorbing other Not that we think lightly of taking life. Killing people; but because essentially the whole back- a man is repugnant to us; life is not cheap in that ground of Chinese life is based on ethical concep- sense; but it is cheap in the sense that your intions. dividuallife counts for very little, except as a part But, unfortunately, living by ethical codes, high of a larger clan. In that kind of atmosphere we as it is, has its penalty also. It is a life that can grow up, and we do not have a very high, exalted get very, very dry. When you live merely by the idea of our own worth and value as individuals.

ethical code, you either become cynical or you be- That is a little of the background. Now think come a hypocrite. That is what happened to the of the Christian message coming into that back- Pharisees. They tried to live by rules and regu- ground. You begin to see another great contrilations, and you know how Christ described them. bution, because here comes Christ to give us the People whose life is pitched on that plane alone wonderful news we describe as the Glad Tidings. sooner or later find themselves in that condition. When Christianity comes into this picture of In what way is it glad tidings to us? He comes ethical rules and regulations, something new and tells us how we, insignificant cogs in this comes in. family system in China, are also the children of God-precious in the sight of God, our Father.

Perhaps, the easiest way to show the contrast God,-our Father? We,-precious in his sight?

is to give a little illustration. Our Eastern minds What an idea! What tidings! Indeed, when we prefer to think concretely, in pictures rather than realize the full significance of this "Good News,"

in abstract words. You can think of a little boy something comes into our life which has almost going to school. When that boy enters school, he an explosive force.

has to know the rules and regulations of the You have heard people criticize the mission- school, so that he can p¥'s through without in- aries; especiaily some of your business men say fringing on too many of them. Suppose, while that the missionaries you send out to my country he was learning these rules and regulations, at the are at the bottom of all the revolutions and trou- same time this schoolboy comes unconsciously un- bles of China. They mean, of course, that as an der the personal influence of one of the great unfavorable criticism, to discredit missions. I masters on the staff of that school. He is still the wonder if they realize that there is valuable truth same boy; it is the same school; but it is no in what they say. When you bring to China this longer the same life, so far as that boy is con- message of Christ as our Elder Brother standing

WHAT CHRIST HAS BROUGHT TO CHINA

before God, and tell us that we are as precious to North China last year. There is the enemy, right God as Christ is precious to Him, you have im- at my doors. The call of the nation is, "Kill them, planted in the heart of some of us a new sense of hate them, because they are your enemies." The dignity as individuals, and a fresh longing to do call of Christ is: "Love your enemy." There is something with ourselves. That is what I meant nothing theoretical about that situation. The when I said that it puts something into our life enemy is right at my doors to be loved and here is that has explosive force. It is not mere accident, the Master's command, "Love your enemy." How that so many new currents of life in the far East are you going to bring the two together? today can be traced directly to men and women who have come to know Christ; men and women That is just what Christianity bids us do, to whose idea of their own manhood has received a rise from this plane of mere justice, and move a fresh vision of its possibilities as we see it in step ahead and deal with each other also in love. Christ Himself. Tremendous are the implications of that for us in our life today. The Ohallenge of Ohrist Now, the glory of the Bible to me is that it con- My last point, when I think of the contributions tains the record of a life which has enabled me to of the Christian Church, is the fact that, in the see these things. I know that people hold many Christian religion seen from the Chinese angle, theories about the Bible, its origin, its inspiration, you see a distinct challenge and call to rise from verbal and otherwise. But all these questions pale our present plane of life to a higher plane of life. into significance when one realizes the preeminent What do I mean by that? Again let me give you wonder that here in the Bible is recorded the revein a word or two a little of our social background, lation of God Himself. A Biblical scholar is interwhich will explain the point I have in mind. ested as to how this record has come about, and rightly so. But to the man struggling with life, When you think of life in my country at the the fact that the record is there is enough. If present time, how is it expressed? Take the so- you go through our Chinese literature for the last cial and ethical systems of China. What is the two thousand years you will find in it here and prevailing tone of the ethical life in China today? there intimations of God, vague descriptions of One sentence uttered by Confucius many, many God, yearnings after God. We can almost paryears ago expresses it very well; and that sen- allel some of our literature with the Old Testatence is translated thus: "Return with justice ment literature included in the Bible, until the those who hate you." In other words, meet your time of Christ. We have nothing to parallel the enemy, or deal with your enemy, justly. Other- Gospels. In the Bible we have a revelation of wise, how are you going to deal with friends? It God Himself, and because the Bible is the record is a perfectly logical, reasonable attitude of mind, of that revelation of God in Christ it can never and you will see in it the old order described by be replaced by any other book. Jesus-"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth." Meet your enemy with justice. So today, wherever I go, I always have two very intimate companions with me. One is a little In that background again Christ comes with a pocket Testament, so worn now that it is falling message,-"If you love only those who love you, to pieces. While I do not know very much about what, after all, is that?" You must do more; you the world-wide work of Bible distribution, but as should love your enemY,-even your enemy! It to the value of the Bible to myself, I can speak isn't enough that we meet an enemy with justice, from personal knowledge. we must meet our enemy with love. What does that mean? Meet our enemy with love. Do you I hope you have caught something of the ensee what I mean when I say that, if we face these thralling attraction which Christ and God in Him things honestly and squarely, we feel in our heart have for some of us who see Him for the first that we are being pulled and pulled and pulled to time. In Christ, we see a bit of the glory of God rise from the mere plane of "an eye for an eye, a Himself which we find only vaguely intimated in tooth for a tooth," from the mere idea of dealing our own literature. In that sense the words of justly with each other, to the plane of dealing also Christ, "I come not to destroy but to fulfill," are lovingly with each other, even our enemies? What so true of what is happening in China. He has a tremendous implication there is in that chal- not destroyed any of the real values that we have lenge I have had reason to know these past known in the past, but He has lifted them up, months. I live in the City of Peiping, which was sanctified them, and made them mean more to us the objective of the Japanese armies invading than before we knew Him.

DAILY VACATION BIBLE SCHOOL GROUP IN

Here is a significant venture in home missionary work. The intermingling of fifty different denominations, and twenty-five different nationalities, and aU degrees of social status, have done much to bring about a better feeling and spirit of friendship. In this group which includes three colors, and many nationalities, far-reaching consequences in the promotion of world friendship, religious tolerance, and sympathetic understanding is taking place.-HoMER H. ELLIOTT, Whittier, Cali!.

Twenty,Five Nationalities Enrolled By the REV. HOMER H. ELLIOTT, Whittier, California A SIGNIFICANT home missionary venture month. The curriculum puts special emphasis on in world friendship on the Pacific Coast is Bible study and missionary and evangelistic edu- the system of Daily Vacation Church cation. Other subjects include world friendship, Schools at Pasadena, California. Thirty-five de- music, dramatics, civic, and home education, and nominations are spon~oring a city-wide system of Christian patriotism.

schools ministering to over 2,400 pupils of twenty- The inter-racial and inter-social playtimes and five different nationalities and races. The twenty- fellowship activities are features of the work.

five or more schools are held in churches chosen As white, black, yellow and brown children from so as to contact as many different denominations many countries, rich and poor, strong and weak, and nationalities as possible. During the past mingle together, the seeds of world friendship and thirteen years 24,728 pupils have been enrolled peace, social and industrial democracy, for which with an average of twenty-five nationalities in at- the Christ stands, are sown in a remarkable way.

tendance. Special missionary schools have also This inter-mingling of many denominations and been set up for particular racial and institutional nationalities including all degrees of social status, groups of under-privileged children. produces many results in wholesome and more This enterprise, especially unique because of its sympathetic relationships. It will have far- missionary aspect, is under the Council of Reli- reaching consequences in the promotion of toler- gious Education, a city-wide enterprise sponsored ance, world friendship, peace, and interracial un- by many denominations. This Council conducts derstanding. Through it all Jesus of Nazareth, a cooperative all-year program, including Leader- the living Christ, who loves children, and invites ship Training, Elementary Division Council, Par- them to come to Him, is recognized as the Head ent Education, World Friendship Schools, a of every school, and in these schools many have Workers' Library, and the Vacation Church learned to love and follow Him.

Schools. Mrs. H. O. Clarke is the Executive Sec- Hundreds of homes have also been evangelized retary, and the teachers are all paid; having been through these contacts. Many children with no especially trained in a spring institute. church affiliation have made their first Christian These schools are graded to meet the needs of contact through the Vacation School and have the pupils from the kindergarten through the jun- later joined a Sunday school or church. In the ior high school. They open immediately after last eight years 1,254 such children are known to the close of public schools and continue for one have become affiliated with Pasadena churches.

[336 ]

A Challenge from the Near East*

By W. HAROLD STORM, M.D., Muscat, Arabia Missionary of the Reformed Church in America W E ALL love adventure. The thrill of ad- where they would come together because long be- venture fills us with enthusiasm. With- fore that they would engage in a battle royal. out this we are apt to grow unconcerned There are many adventures on the lonely and indifferent. stretches of desert hitherto unexplored-scarcity Over the radio recently I heard the siren from of water, sand storms, lost paths and revolts Admiral Byrd's ship far down in the Antarctic. among camelmen. Even Bedouin food involves There was an exchange of programs between the adventures for one never is, quite sure just what men on board the ship and the studio in New the next mouthful may contain.

York. Since I have often been in isolated places All cannot go to Arabia and all cannot be desert on the Arabian Desert I could understand the doctors but there comes to each of us the task thrill that must have come to those men isolated of living adventurous lives right where we are.

amidst the ice floes of the Antarctic as they once That depends much on how we respond to the again came into touch with home. challenges that face us. We cannot avoid these The life of a desert missionary doctor is full challenges nor would we want to escape them.

of adventure. Exploring new places, visiting Let us face them honestly and courageously.

Bedouin encampments for the first time, living In the Near East, in Turkey, Egypt and Persia, with the desert Arabs, these experiences leave no we are witnessing phenomenal changes. These dull moments. There is the thrill of meeting a countries are rife with nationalism. The wheels caravan in the southeastern desert of Arabia, of progress are grinding on and youth is at the where the law is that every man is your enemy helm. Nationalism demands our sympathy and until proven otherwise. No two caravans will respect, but if unbridled it involves much danger.

pass until they have become assured that they One can hardly keep pace with young Turkey as are friends. she moves forward under her spirited leader, A camel boy will run up beside my camel and Mustafa Kemal Pasha. From a defeated and say that he has seen someone approaching. I look, crushed people she has risen in a short space of but a quarter of an hour passes before I can see time to command the respect of the whole world.

anything and then it is only a speck on the hori- Practically the same can be said for Persia and zon. Later this speck turns out to be a lone camel- Egypt. Syria and Iraq are also finding and ex- rider. We make for one side of a sand dune on pressing themselves in many ways as their youth our right as he makes for the opposite side. We awakens to new hopes and aspirations.

find him kneeling down by his camel pointing In Arabia we find quite a different situation.

his gun towards us. My guide rushes out waving Here nationalism is not rife. Conditions are more his long sleeved gown in the air as a signal for fixed and primitive. In spite of this the youth are the other man to advance. He rises and leads his speaking and reaching out to find expression for camel forward a few paces, halts and shouts in their feelings. Many are out of sympathy with clear Arabic: "May I advance in your faces?" the old and are seeking something new. Not a This is the Arabic way of asking if it is safe few of the young men are giving up the binding for him to approach. If the guide answers in the religious customs of their elders, such as rigid affirmative, the stranger asks, "May my camel ad- fasting during Ramadan. They are awakening, vance in your faces?" If a second time the guide but the question now is: Whither bound? Some assures him that it is safe, then the man ad- cling to the old customs and remain under the old vances with his camel and our guide goes out to cloak; others keep to the old but try to change meet him. When they are assured that they are the cloak; a few throw off the old entirely and friends the two caravans come together. they know not where to go. It is the challenge of What would happen if they are not friends? this last group which is so important. Since they In that case they would never reach the point have given up the old beliefs they are in more or less of a receptive mood. Much hinges on what 19;1n address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies, they learn and accept in the near future.

[337 ]

This change of attitude on the part of the youth convert in the whole province of Oman. I rushed is calling forth outspoken opposition on the part over to the men's hut and found it empty. During of their elders-a fact that makes it much harder the night a fanatical Mohammedan brother had for them to find adequate satisfaction in their come and stolen the body, carrying it to his own attempt at self-expression. In Muscat I was in- hut with the idea that if Mirash died in his house, vited to sponsor the first athletic club in that city. he could tell to the city that Mirash had died a The young men were delighted that some one Mohammedan. He could then claim the widow, would take an interest in them and help them. A would be in a position to dictate as to her future letter shows in what position they found them- and would gain money from her remarriage. selves because of the attitude of their elders. We went to the brother's house and found the This letter reads in part: door barred. Finally, through a friend we were admitted and spent the last few hours with Mirash It is with great regret to say that the club is looked before he was called home. The brother refused upon, unfortunately, by many respected fathers if not all, to allow him to have a Christian burial and tried with contempt and is regarded as a resort of idle talk and to get friends to help him bury Mirash. They all joke; hence it remains stagnant, being deprived of their refused, saying that since Mirash was a Christian stirring support. Many of these good elders, if not all, during life they would have nothing to do with consider and express that sports are under no circum- him now. The brother was about to tell us to stances becoming the dignity of anyone. They are, bury Mirash when the mother stepped to the doornamely the sports, in th.eir opinion but childish diversions way and with a face like stone and, pointing to the which any promising youth should eschew. We are, there- rocks back of Muscat, said, "I would rather have for,e, trying our best to extricate this thought and manifest my boy carried to those rocks and the birds eat to these good elders the noble effects the sports are pro- his body than to have the Christians bury him." ducing on us. The brother became more fanatical and finally got help to give Mirash a Moslem burial. The youth of America are living in momentous times. Weare face to face with living issues. All As my colleague and I came back from the is not as it ought to be within our churches, and cemetery we noticed a great commotion about the in many of them the missionary enthusiasm is courtyard. They were forcing the young widow waning. Some believe that the chief cause is through the Mohammedan ceremony of widowthe economic situation, but the great reason is hood. In our section of Arabia, as the men come a general spiritual apathy. Thus we are handed back from the cemetery they bring the widow out the task of entering the game when, in many to the threshold of the door and throwing over quarters, no gain is being made or ground is her a black cloth they ask her to repeat the first actually being lost. Great hope is expressed in chapter of the Koran, thus declaring her intention the youth and much is expected from them, as to follow the religion of her husband. Then she is evidenced by the increased emphasis on young is ushered back into a dark room where for four people's work. months and ten days she remains in utter seclu- sion. She sees no one and food is handed through The youth of the Near East are awakening the door. After that she is brought out and the and are challenging us to awaken and shoulder oldest male relative has the right to arrange a our responsibilities. We, who know Christ and wedding. have had the advantages of Christian homes, schools and friends, must hear the Macedonian We found the relatives forcing the young widow call of our fellows of the Near East. They are through this ceremony. In front of her were a building for tomorrow; quickly before the build- fanatical group of men and behind her an equally ing is completed they must learn that, "Other fanatical group of women. A religious judge was foundation can no man lay than that is laid, which trying to force her to repeat the required words. is Jesus Christ." My colleague stepped up to the old man and said in Arabic, "There is no compulsion in religion." We must also shoulder the more difficult task The judge looked around and said, "You are right, of helping to re-awaken a sleeping church in we will let her speak for herself." America. At these words Miriam stood up and faced the Into whichever field we enter there will be a crowd of men .who had been jeering at her and price to pay. Anything of value requires a price. said, "I am a Christian and am going to be a The extent to which we are willing to pay depends Christian." on the value we place upon it. The greater the value, the greater the price. That was over three years ago. I remained on in Muscat for two years and saw Miriam nearly An Arab Woman every day. She was ostracized by all her friends and relatives. Poisoned food was sent to her. A Let a young Arab woman speak. I had only fanatical brother threatened her life if he should been in Muscat a few days when a messenger came running over to the hospital saying that Mirash was dying. He was our only Christian

A CHALLENGE FROM THE NEAR EAST

ever see her on the street. But under conditions ingly impossible. Then we realize, as we go along, like these she remained true, never once denying that with God nothing is impossible. her Master. She willingly went through all this because Christ meant so much to her. She was As we accept the challenge and take our places willing to pay the price even if it should mean let us remember the words of our Captain. death. Today out there in Muscat she is the only baptized Christian in the whole province of Oman. "He that loveth father or mother more than me She sends a challenge to us. is not worthy of me."

Are we willing to pay such a price? If we are, "There is no man that hath left house, or brethit will mean changes for some of us. We will be ren, or sisters, or father, or mother, or wife, or asked to give up some things that we have long children, or lands, for my sake and the gospel's, cherished. It may mean doing some things of but shall receive a hundredfold now in this time, which our parents and friendS' will not approve. houses, and brethren, and sisters, and mothers, We all seek adventure. Life itself is adventurous. and children. and lands, with persecutions; and The Christian life is one full of adventure. There in the world to come eternal life." is adventure in faith and in tackling the seem- "Greater love hath no man than this, that a man lay down his life for his friends."

. Religion and Young People Today Youth has ceased to live the sheltered existence of former generations and is today exposed to the great currents of social and political life.

The main reason for the participation in politics on the part of youth is that its own future is threatened.

Youth passes and rejects the established (dis-) order. It believes in some sort of revolutionary change in the present structure of society.

Youth seeks a new sense of security and of self-confidence by entering into the modern mass-movements.

Youth has little use for "civilization," or ideals, and returns to more "primitive" realities.

The new primitiveness of youth implies that it is less inclined to reject religion in the name of "Progress" or "Philosophy" or "Science" and more inclined to judge it on its own merits.

The most formidable barrier between religion and youth has been the wide-spread notion that modern science and modern philosophies of life had knocked the bottom out of positive faith. Mystery seemed to belong increasingly to the past. But as the facts of life rather than the theories about life claim attention again, this superficial view breaks down and the forces over which man has no control are again recognized as dominant realities.

If youth seeks anything in Christianity, it seeks in it a message of authority and power. Christianity begins to be taken on its own merits again. The outstanding one is that it proclaims a God Who is the measure of all things, by Whom all things are measured and Who is Himself measured by none …… Youth asks rightly that the claim of truth shall be proved in life as well as in speech.

Youth seeks in Christianity power to give them victory over the experience of impotence, of fear and nothingness, which comes so naturally to them in their present perilous condition.

A Christianity which reduces itself to a way of life or to a "philosophy of life" is too pale, too spineless, to answer such searching questions. But the message of Jesus Christ, with its uncompromising demands and its offer of total renewal of life gives the answer which can meet their deep need.-Dr. Visser 't Hooft, in the C. S. S. Review.

Response of

I _•..g{ By EZRA P. YOUNG, St. Petersburg, Florida I}3t-.- ~==========================~ .nA..FTER hearing a youthful missionary talk engagements with which, to use her own words, recently a sub-deb tripped up to the speaker "I was fed up." and said, after the manner of seventeen: When some of the missionary speakers went to "That was a swell speech. Did you see our a reputedly sophisticated university recently for gang on the back seat? Well, we came prepared a two-day program for Christ there was some to be bored and ready to walk out in time for a doubt as to their being able to interest the stu- dance, but when you started telling stories we dents.

decided to move up front and hear you out. We "You cannot say anything that will thrill these didn't know a missionary talk youngsters. They simply will could be so interesting." not respond to your message,"

This took place at a young Are the young people of was the warning note sounded.

people's mass meeting, part of today susceptible to the mis- A young doctor, just re- this year's Florida Chain of sionary appeal? Read what turned from six years of serv- Missionary Assemblies pro- Mr. Young says and you will ice in Arabia where he was the gram. The speaker had carried have the answer. They are first American doctor to pene- his audience with him through eager for some worthy chal- trate into· Bedouin camps in the vivid missionary experi- lenge. Is not the reason why the remote parts of that counences of several years in a cthaeuyse hCavherisntotanredspHoinsdehderboeic- try, related his simple but fas- needy foreign field. and worthwhile appeal have cinating story of long caravan Two days later an attractive not been presented to them treks, camel trail clinics and girl appeared in the study of with sufficient sincerity and oasis operations performed on the pastor of the church and clearness? This is a challeng- the running board of his car.

said: "We have been thrilled ing and cheering report. A Filipino girl told what by these missionary speakers, Christ had meant to youth in and we want to do something the Philippines and of the hard- ourselves. But if we cannot go to the mission ships they were willing to undergo to be true to field, how can we serve?" their new and living faith.

The minister met the challenge of youth. A young man, who had spent three years as a "Right here in our own state," he said, "are leader of boys in Turkey, witnessed to the likable- men and women who know almost as little about ness of a much misunderstood people and told of Christ as the people in inner Africa and far-off their great desirefor enlightenmentand fellowship.

China. There are Negroes exploited and discrim- These stories were all vivid and concrete, and inated against; there are children in the interior when the speakers had finished they were sur- without benefit of education and recreation, for rounded by students-supposed not to be inter- whom the Government is trying to provide satis- ested in missions-who put intelligent questions factory leaders; in the swamps of Florida not far to them for a full hour before they let them go!

south of here are the Seminole Indians, living on Not satisfied with this, the speakers were invited the edge of civilization in a state almost as prim- to visit their fraternities for informal discussion, itive as the tribes of Mongolia. Right here at our in one of which the president of the house sug- back door are people who need strong and coura- gested that they would like to do something con- geous young hearts to help them !" crete to show their interest in the youth across The result of that conference between youth the sea. "Missions," he said,. "have always been and the clergy was a dedication of a good share to our minds something vague and far-away, to of that young woman's time and energy to volun- be carried on by a lot of dear old ladies who feel teer leadership in recreation and handwork among sorry for the 'heathen.' But now we realize that the poor children of a part of Florida seldom seen across the sea are people who need our help. We by the average tourist-the great interior country have caught a world vision these two days, and of flatwoods and turpentine camps. Life has now we want to do something about it."

taken on new meaning for that society girl whose In one city in the south a young woman wrote calendar had been filled with a mad whirl of social to a friend, who was a member of the visiting [340 J missionary team, and said: "Five of the girls in they are indifferent to the Church's world proour set have gotten together and decided to take gram. In a city of the south five hundred young a stand against drinking and smoking. The situa- people listened attentively to a symposium of tion is terrible here; it is getting so that girls home and foreign missions. Such an impression who do not do these things are simply not invited was made that there was a carry-over the next to parties, and some feel that unless they have day into the local high school where the teachers some sort of engagement every evening they are were requested by the students themselves to give in danger of being social failures. The coming the periods over to a discussion of what had been of these missionaries-many of them young them- said the day before. It was reported that no selves-and the things they stand for, have en- previous topic had created such a contagious and couraged us to champion these principles. We sustained enthusiasm. are praying that your messages may reach the hearts of our friends !" A young woman, who has been a teacher and a friend of youth in a Chinese University, speaking In Jacksonville, at a mass meeting of young in a wealthy community, told how she had eaten people, a high school boy bent forward eagerly to Chinese food in order to save enough money to catch every word of the address given by a cow- help provide a poor Chinese lad with an education. boy missionary from New Mexico. In imagina- The story was related with not the slightest trace tion he traveled with this new hero along dim of self-pity-it was all part of a radiant experitrails into mountain fastnesses where men waited ence-and it reached the heart of at least one girl in lonely cabins for the message of Christ. He who had been pampered and spoiled through every saw the missionary rope a steer and ride a buck- one of her seventeen years. The idea of giving up ing broncho, in order to melt the heart of a fast- something for somebody else had apparently never riding, hard-boiled son of the plains. Here was entered her little head. Here she saw, for the first a new thrill, and the boy decided to ask this man time, self-sacrifice presented as a glorious and whether he, too, could serve as a Christian leader rewarding adventure; it was a new kind of reliamong the cowboys. That same day a boy of gion to her and surprisingly attractive. She eighteen living in Jacksonville, leaped from a sought an interview with the missionary and later bridge to his death in the St. Johns River. His thought seriously whether there was something horrified companions, who stood helplessly by at she dearly loved that she might give up for this the time of the tragedy, explained that "Bill was great cause. She decided on her motor car-a crazed with drink; he had tried every thrill, and bright red roadster, fast as the wind, and she he was bored with life." Bored with life at eight- loved the thrill of power it gave her to sit behind een because he hadn't found any cause bigger than the wheel! The girl in her was wistful as she himself and his own pleasure! took her farewell ride in the big red car. Her friends were inclined to laugh at this dramatic A Japanese Christian young woman won the renunciation, but they changed their attitude heart of an American girl with her singing and when they realized that she was dead in earnest a beautiful friendship was begun, which opened and that she too had forsaken some of her old up a whole new world of interest and possibility gods. Her heart was deeply stirred and something for service to the American girl. A bundle of beautiful had come into her life. provincial prejudice against Orientals was thrown into the discard. This small Japanese young We make a grave mistake when we present woman, who had to stand on a chair to be seen by Christianity to youth as an easy-going religion. her audience, did more for Japanese-American We cannot blame the indifference of youth when friendship in a month's tour of Florida than the we fail to captivate them. How often do they average diplomat could do in a year. Her singing come to the church hungry for the Gospel and we of "Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us" at young give them current events? They are eager for a people's mass meetings not only convinced youth great cause to champion with all the eagerness of of the worthwhileness of an enterprise which their youthful vigor and we urge them to sell could nurture such a beautiful life, but it also tickets for church suppers! They come seeking won young people for Christ. answers to the frank and penetrating questions and we hide behind an ecclesiastical vocabulary, If the next Peace Conference could be delegated for many of us have never faced life courageously from among the intelligent youth of the world, ourselves. They come longing for Christian felwho still think in terms of the sacredness of per- lowship and we turn the church into a glorified sonality, we could all be beating our swords into amusement center and deceive ourselves into beplowshares. Talk with youth in any nation in the lieving that we are giving them the "abundant world today (including those dominated by dic- life." They long for a test of their courage that tators), and you will be impressed with one thing would make Christian discipleship difficult of -their passion for peace. attainment and we soft-pedal principles and go One of the criticisms of today's youth is that

around whispering about sin as if it were a word carefully by youth at the impressionable age gone out of style. We aim too low in our appeal might very easily change the whole character and to youth and they sense it. They dislike our moral aim of their lives. Some of the older missionary and spiritual timidity. books are especially thrilling because of their stories of heroism. The reason why the missionary program interests youth is because it involves risk and new There was a striking title in a recent religious experiences. Youthful hearts have a magnificent magazine: "Wanted-Courage to Grasp Thorns." latent courage that thrills to dangerous but worth- In America life, even in the church, is too easy while enterprise. Every library for growing boys for most of us. What we need once more is an and girls should contain such inspiring missionary inrush into Christian hearts of the "courage to biographies as "The Life of John G. Paton," "The grasp thorns." Youthful hearts have that cour- Splendor of God," "Shepherd of Aintab," "Life of age; they need only the magic of fearless and Livingstone," "Mary Slessor of Calibar," "The unselfish leadership to set that courage aflame. Moffats," Janet Miller's "Jungles Preferred," Al- But so long as the church makes the error of trybert Schweitzer's "Hospital at Lamberene," Stan- ing to remove the thorns it will not inspire the ley Jones' "Christ of the Indian Road," and other courageous way of life-the thorn and Cross way recognized works. They are not only thrilling but of life-which, when presented vividly, comes as they are also informing; and such a series read a vital and compelling challenge to youth.

CHRISTIAN STRATEGY IN A CHANGING WORLD By PROFESSOR BASIL MATHEWS, Boston Mass.

The Christian's duty in respect of nationalism is to transcend it; not ….. from out- side, but from within. Our task is to re-create our nation as it is into the nation that God wills it to be, so that it can offer its own special gift to the world of nations. This is the true foundation of internationalism, …..far greater than any supercilious cosmopolitanism that has no loyalty to mankind as a whole because it has none to home and nation. Our ultimate loyalty is a spiritual one, to the Kingdom of God; but that loyalty must begin to be incarnate and concrete and passionate in the home and the nation before it can be real in relation to mankind.

If the values that we see in Christ govern the use and the invention of the tools that science is ready to put into our hands, we shall not be making poison gas, tanks, bombing airplanes, submarines and machine guns. We shall concentrate on the perfection of medicine and surgery and their spread throughout the world; on the irrigation of deserts to grow crops for the famine-stricken in India and China; on the engineering of roads and bridges over which foods and medicines will be carried to multitudes dying of drought and disease; and on the control of rivers such as those that today sweep uncounted thousands of our Chinese fellowmen to death. We shall so mobilize the forces of goodwill and so relate the men of spiritual vision and of political and economic capacity to the affairs of mankind that the elementary material needs of all men will be met by a sharing of the gifts of God among all classes and nations in an interdependent world….. We shall enter on a new discovery of beauty, and make the loveliness of God's world in nature and in all the arts available to delight the soul of all peoples. We shall, above all, …. give our lives and use all the tools that are to our hand for spreading among all men the truth of this good news of the Kingdom of God……

Those tools of science lie ready to our hands. Just as the Roman roads, and that gift of the Pax Romana, the free passage of ships over the Mediterranean Sea, served Christ through Paul, so the ocean liner and the automobile, the new air routes across Africa and Asia, the cable and wireless, the printing press and the technique of medicine and surgery, can be made by us to serve Christ in the spread of His good news and in the practice of His spirit everywhere….. .

Communism challenges our accepted social and industrial traditions. So do trenchant, persuasive prophets of skepticism like Bertrand Russell. They declare for what they hold to be a higher social good, and are ready with a concrete program. The standards of Christ really challenge those traditions even more drastically, but the Christian community on the whole fails to give a strong fresh lead. As Nicholas Berdyaev says: "The only thing to pit against integral communism, materialistic communism, is integral Christianity."-World Tides in the Far East.

A New Day in Giving*

-~~II=-=-=-=-B_Y=-R_O_BE_R_T=-E._S_P_E_ER_'_D_._D_.=-=-=-~~ W E ARE facing a very grave, transitional entire population should be made a state concern. situation in the matter of the support of What national resource is there that is compa- educational, philanthropic and missionary rable with the physical and moral health of the agencies which are dependent upon private gifts. nation? If it is a proper function of the state to It is interesting to observe the divergent atti- husband its resources of lumber and mineral it tudes and judgments of those responsible for the is asked, how much more its resources of men and administration of these agencies. Some think women? One may approve or disapprove of the that the golden age of private benevolences has extent to which the state is taking over social, passed. They point out that the supposition that educational and philanthropic activities, but the the noble tide of private philanthropy which we principle, whether for good or for evil, is going have known in America for fifty years was a to affect radically the continuance of many of the natural and permanent phenomenon is fallacious. agencies which have grown up in these fields.

So far from being a natural, human development, And even where the government does not actually it was distinctly a phenomenon of American and take over a particular form of activity, the gen- British life. Most of the countries of the world eral development affects the popular mind, and have known nothing comparable to it. There has will increase the difficulty of raising funds for been no such development of humane and mis- work akin to, but beyond the bounds of, the func- sionary undertakings maintained by private be- tions which the government is assuming.

nevolence in other lands. It was inevitable, some In the second place, the increased tax burdens believe, that this movement should ebb, and they are diminishing the ability to give of the very are reconciled to what they think to be a new and people who have been the main supporters of the more permanent condition. They think that their philanthropic and missionary agencies. The in- agencies have crossed the top of the hill and creased income tax rates will more than offset the henceforth must adjust themselves to a reduced benefit of the exemptions allowed on account of and still further declining basis of support. contributions, and the increasing inheritance This is true probably with regard to some of taxes are already beginning to affect, in the most the activities that we have known, but there are serious way, the flow of legacies which has been others of which I do not believe it is true. Their one of the notable features of private giving in work is obviously still undone, and there will be America. The great bulk of American giving is sincere men and women who will recognize the that of a small minority of the population, and duty of carrying it forward and seeing that the it is this minority which is feeling most the di- necessary tasks are adequately maintained until minished ability to give, due to increased taxation.

they are accomplished. At the same time we In the third place, both the increased costs and must clearly recognize the elements in the present the rise of the standard of living affect the ability situation which are of the gravest concern to all and the willingness of people to give. The margin agencies dependent upon private, benevolent sup- between income and what are regarded as neces- port. sary living expenditures is steadily reduced. It First, it is to be noted that the enlargement of has been from this margin in the main that pri- government functions is absorbing tasks formerly vate gifts have come. Furthermore, the whole dependent upon voluntary service. Old age pen- level of living has risen, and those things are sions, widows' pensions, unemployment relief and deemed necessary today which were regarded as insurance, the care of dependent and delinquent dispensable luxuries in the past, and it is this children, education itself are a few of the forms very type of expenditure which represents the of humane relief and service which governments heaviest costs. The increase in the price of sports are increasingly taking over. And there are now and pleasures has been far greater than the in- serious proposals that the care of the health of the crease in the cost of food and clothing.

In the fourth place, a new psychology is cer- tain to arise from the substitution of the ideal of * 1A9n'34a.ddre ss given at the Lawyers' Club, New York, Friday, A,pril 13, [343 ]

leisure for the ideal of work, and of the ideal of be a clear observance and tenacious grasp of self-indulgence for the ideal of self-sacrifice. It sound, fundamental principles. is well that we have escaped from the terrible pressure of the days when labor worked twelve It would seem that the day of the large gifts hours and six days for a dollar a day. But the may be over. If income and inheritance taxes idea of a three or four hour day and a five day absorb the wealth which has been available for week, which many are advocating, is the product philanthropic causes in the past, then the loss of a point of view and will be itself the cause of a must be made up by the larger number of small point of view which would be sterile as regards givers. The new attitudes of mind which are benevolence and sacrificial giving. ahead of us may be inhospitable to such a scheme, but it is the reasonable and necessary method. In the fifth place, there is undoubtedly a hardheadedness as to the survival of the unfit which The Fundamental Principles supplements the increasing soft-heartedness as to the undesirability of discipline and control. It As to fundamental principles I name only four. has taken a long time for the biological ideas to The first would be principles of work and thrift. seep into social thought, but they have gone very It is these principles that have made our country deep as W. G. Sumner hoped that they might. He and have made the world. It was not leisure and opposed all forms of legislation that protected or luxury and indolence that cut down the forests preserved inferiority. If a man did not have will and broke the soil and trod the thoroughfares enough to save himself from drunkenness and through the wilderness and laid the foundations wreckage, according to Sumner's view, the sooner on which the nation and its life are built. Leisure he was allowed to get himself out of the way the is not a sound ideal of human life unless men better. We have today to deal with an attitude know how to use it creatively in a way that makes which feels no vivid personal responsibility for it the equivalent of work, yielding an enlargeothers. And we have to deal with another atti- ment of the spiritual wealth of the nation in mind tude which feels so responsible for others that it and character. Only from ideals of work and wants them to be let absolutely alone. Both these thrift will the streams of large public and private attitudes are fatal to the ideas and ideals which charity flow forth. have provided the wealth of benevolence which has been the glory of the last fifty years. The second principle is that of trusteeship. It has been spoken of as stewardship, and that is the There is a sixth influence, about which some right idea, but that word as well as the word may disagree. We have lost a great deal in recent trusteeship has been worn dull. The idea, howyears by the promiscuousness and the generality ever, is the central idea of friendship, of service, of some of our giving programs. Composite funds of patriotism, of humanity. Fritz Kreisler is a in which the separate causes are merged so that fine illustration of it in the use of talent and time the donor gives to the fund instead of to a con- and money for the enrichment of human life. crete cause have their advantages. Some donors can best be enlisted in such giving; but there are In the third place, the true motives of life are disadvantages in the loss of personal motivation personal: Love, kindness, brotherliness, pity, and knowledge of concrete necessities and the good-will-these are the motives without which sense of individual responsibility. giving will be thin and poor.

One other element in our present situation is Lastly, we need to work with the conception of the question as to whether genuine religious faith solidarity. It has been a shame that we have has waned or whether, even if it has not-as I 'do surrendered it as far as we have to negative and not believe it has-it may not have suffered from destructive movements. Christianity began with failure to relate itself definitely and directly to it, with the noble conception, thousands of years expression in adequate and sustained benevolence. ahead of human thought, of humanity as an or- ganic body, rejoicing, suffering, ennobled, shamed No doubt there are many other aspects of our together, every member bound to each other mempresent situation which might be mentioned. No ber. This is the true ideal of a true nationalism. doubt also there is much to be said in qualifica- And it is the ideal which rejects all false nationaltion of these things, but it is enough for our pur- ism and racial and party division as against the pose to realize that there is a problem here of unity and the solidarity of mankind. vital concern to all. The problem which we are facing is not to be dealt with by any tricks, good If we are going to try to perpetuate the good of or bad, nor by any devices learned from advertis- this great era of giving which lies behind us, and ing or the psychology of salesmanship. What we if we are going on to a better day, it can only be need is first to see clearly that there may need to on sound and right principles. If we stand on be a shift of method, and second, that there must these, we need not be afraid of the result because their guarantee and their adequate fruitage is assured by God in whom they have their home.

Home Mission Income

The giftj; to the work of many home miSsion enterprises have decreased from thirty to fifty per cent in the past five years. This has been understandable but it has been little less than a tragedy to those related to the work. Salaries have been slashed below the point of decent and efficient living; work has been closed and workers recalled; help has been withheld from struggling churches; communities have been deprived of Sunday schools and other religiouS privileges. These are disappointing, if not discouraging, results of the economic crisis through which we have been passing. But there are also beneficial results that come from necessary economies. These are worth considering, not to make us satisfied with decreased giving but to teach us certain lessonS in stewardship and to encourage us in the conviction that God is standing by His servants and that in the work of Christ true spiritual results are not dependent on the amount of money expended. The following contributions throw much light on the subject.

Needed Changes in Technique cut down. Churches have been, and are being abandoned; others have been yoked, with result- By ERNEST M. HALLIDAY, D.D., New York City ant inadequate service to all; still others have been left without pastors for longer or shorter General Secretary of the Church Extension Boards of the periods, with chief dependence upon student sum- Congregational and Christian Churches mer service. Despite all economies we have not PERIODS of financial distress multiply the dif- escaped a deficit. It has been necessary therefore ficulties of home missionary work but they to draw heavily upon reserves which may serve to also emphasize the necessity of continuing it. cushion the fall for a brief period but will soon The heavy hand of depression, keeping agricul- be exhausted. Then but two possibilities present tural products down to very low levels, and fac- themselves: further decrease in expenditures and tories closed or on part-time schedules, causing a crippling of the work, or increase in income. wide-spread unemployment, has resulted in star- In some respects the falling off of income has tling decreases in pastoral support for many home not been an unmixed evil for it has resulted in missionaries who in normal times look to the fields administrative economies, closer scrutiny of ap- they serve for a large percentage of their salaries. propriations, elimination of certain doubtful fields Many of these representatives of the churches, and a new stimulus to cooperation, both within whose pay is inadequate in the best of times, have and outside the denomination. But while some been brought to such straits that it has been neces- limitation of diet may not be fatal and, may even sary for Home Mission Boards, by small emer- prove salutary, too great limitation results in gency grants, to relieve them of their most press- emaciation and ultimate starvation. As a matter ing necessities. of fact the lessons we are learning under pressure Donors as well as mission workers have felt the ought to contribute to efficiency.

depression severely so that the contributions of What are some of the foreseeable changes in churches and individuals have fallen off at the home missionary technique? First of all, we must very time when increase was most needed. Re- look more and more to interdenominational coop- turns from legacies have also been seriously de- eration for the achievement of our task. At pres- pleted by shrinkage in estates, and income from ent we are hampered by a meager program, investments have suffered to a considerable ex- spread over too wide an area. We should seek to tent. For the Church Extension Boards of the restrict the work more geographically and to Congregational and Christian Churches the total make it richer in its elaboration; it should be income, including repayment of building loans, more intensive, less extensive.' There is no longer was 23.3 per cent lower last year than the year any justifiable place for competition between before and fell 53.5 per cent below receipts of evangelical home missionary churches. There 1928.· must be more withdrawals from overlapping In this emergency the budget has been cut again fields and more reciprocal exchanges. If local and again. Administration and promotion appro- groups insist on having their own special organi- priations have been drastically reduced. Salaries zations, they must finance the work out of their of secretaries, superintendents, and other general own pockets. Release of funds accomplished in workers, office staff, and of missionaries receiving this way should be used for the intensifying of their entire support from the Extension Boards, work at other points where it is sorely needed. have been lowered from 10 to 19 per cent. Field The second point in our future program is the supervision has been curtailed and aid to pastors combining of forces to carry out certain united [345 ]

enterprises. This may be done in such a geo- sible by a development of the sharing spirit that graphical unit as Alaska, or in an ethnic unit as the Spanish-speaking work in the Southwest, or is characteristic of those to whom the Gospel of in a logical unit as in the case of specialized city and rural service, or in service units as in the Christ has become a reality. Their heritage, locase of ministry to farm and cannery migrants. Such fields are not so organically bound up with cality, environment and relationships enable them, denominational machinery as to make cooperation impracticable. directly or indirectly, to engage in various types . A third field of readjustment lies in the adaptation for effective appeal of the newest develop- of missionary service. . ments in visual and oral presentation, such as the moving picture, the phonograph and the radio. The scope and significance of this task ought to Similarly, the possibility of procuring "electrical transcriptions" which will run for fifteen min- be considered in any attempt to appraise the utes without change opens a fascinating field for the development of preaching services in places economy and efficiency of home missions. Chriswhich cannot afford a settled minister. The use of this method also promises stimulation of lay tian agencies seek to portray the attractiveness leadership in the parts of public services other than the sermon. The use of the radio is also a of Christian ideals of life; to reveal the ethical possibility, although at present the expense and other problems raise difficulties. implications, economic obligations, personal and Cooperation with leaders in governmental and ~ocial significance of applied Christianity; in philanthropic enterprises may also be increasingly developed. County agricultural agents, su- short, to illustrate the meaning of a functioning perintendents of schools, librarians, health authorities and others make splendid allies for the faith, vitalized by an experimental knowledge of church in home mission fields. With the return in the last few years of between one and two mil- realities in the spiritual realm. The composite lions of people to the soil, rural church work assumes new significance. In many rural commu- character of such service, as well as the relative nities developments may well be in the direction of the so-called "Larger Parish" where the min- value of factors that determine the status of inistry of the church will be over an entire area and will be carried on through the activities of several dividual and collective life, must be appreciated in religious work specialists. order to justify the validity of the missionary's America can still be saved from the destruction which has overtaken other civilizations in other claim to moral and material support. Throughout ages if only we Christians do not fail to do our part to promote the Kingdom of God throughout the vast areas embraced by Continental United the land. States and her distant dependencies, home mis- Economy with Efficiency sions maintain territorial contacts and foster ac- By the REV. EDWARD DELOR KOHLSTEDT, D.D. tivities that are characterized by both home and Executive Secretary of the Board of Home Missions and Church Extension, Methodist Episcopal Church foreign field environments, problems and oppor- 1"'. A MERICAN Boards of Home Missions are en- tunities. gaged in a task, altruistic in character and unattempted by other agencies, that ought Christianizing the United States is a perennial to challenge the utmost endeavors and resources of organized Christianity. This task includes the problem to the Church of Christ: changing conunselfish purpose to ensure to those living in underprivileged rural and urban communities, the ditions, migrating multitudes, pagan philosophies manifold ministries of the Christian Church. This contribution toward the enrichment of human- of life, and crime cultures of appalling propority's heart, home and community life is made pos- tions, test the material, mental and spiritual re- sources of American missionary agencies. Preva- lent economic problems, however distressing, are less disturbing than America's character crisis.

This is evidenced by unsavory revelations of our United States Senate committee hearings, in the field of finance; exploitation of the masses for selfish surpluses and the gratification of corporate greed; subtle trickeries of dress suit racketeers and the brazen effrontery of machine gun gang- sters; perversion of public office to propaganda methods that clash with the fundamentals of de- mocracy; unwarranted racial discriminations, economic and social injustice; and other trends that threaten the stability of our social structure.

It calls for arousement and action by America's Christian constituency.

The summons of an unfinished task cannot be ignored with impunity. Unmet rural and urban missionary needs must be Christianity's constant concern. Dr. John McDowell, recently Moderator of the Presbyterian General Assembly, reminds us that there are 10,000 American rural commu- nities without a Christian church, 30,000 with no resident pastor, and 13,400,000 American chil- dren under twelve years of age, receiving no reli- gious, instruction of any sort. Hundreds of rural communities and polyglot city centers throughout

WHEN HOME MISSION INCOME DROPS

this fair land are devoid of positive religious ac- Impoverished treasuries, starvation salaries, the tivities. Dr. E. R. Fulkerson, a careful inter- scarcity of facilities and supplies, the discontinupreter of social trends, sounds this note of warn- ance of justifiable projects that were nearing the ing: stage of self-support, the desertion of effective missionaries who had dedicated their lives to self- The theory of democracy is beautiful, but two funda- less service in the name of Christ, constitute a mental facts must obtain if any democracy is to stand: decidedly adverse influence upon the general work first, a working majority of the voting units must be kept of the Christian Church. In view of the fact that intelligent; second, that same working majority must be benevolence and missionary agencies are always kept moral or democracy is doomed. The danger spot in the first to suffer and the last to recover from the the United States is the city problem. Growing cities are blight of economic crises, plus the further fact holding the balance of political power. There is a studied that so large a proportion of our missionary conpurpose on the part of corrupt politics to defeat construc- tributions are appropriated toward the maintetive legislation touching moral issues. If we fail to keep nance of workers, most of whom have very our communities up to par, the very life of the nation is meager if any other sources of support, the disthreatened. advantages to be reckoned with ought to be ap- parent even to casual contributors to missions. Epworth Community Church, located in the old- The heroism of many missionaries, under these est section of Denver, Colorado, is a convincing circumstances, is illustrated by the following comexhibit of the possibilities of constructive home munication from a home missionary superintendmissionary service. Once a congested urban area ent, in response to the announcement of another of broken homes and socially destructive saloons, inevitable mid-year cut in current maintenance so lawless that twenty-nine churches closed their appropriations: doors and moved to better parts of the city, an amazing transformation of community life and I don't envy you your task of using the knife. I supspirit has been wrought by a strong Christian so- pose some of these men can walk a little farther in their cial service program, fostered by the Methodist pastoral calling. I suppose old clothes will wear a little Episcopal Board of Home Missions and Church lon~er. I have been able to help some of them by gifts Extension. This institutional church was enabled of clothing I happened upon. They will continue to borto remain in and adapt its ministries to changing row, greedily, any books that come within their reach. I community needs so that, instead of the worst, as have scattered my own library pretty widely. I suppose might be expected, this section of the city now the boys and girls can wait a year or two longer for an boasts one of the best juvenile delinquency rec- opportunity to go to college. There are some compensaords in Denver. This missionary project also tions in living among these marvelous mountains, when commands the sympathy and support of the City there are no funds for vacations. There's just no use Community Chest. going on like this, but I cannot help translating into terms of human living just what these maintenance cuts Interdenominational achievements in the field of mean. I know that, whatever happens, these men will home missions are more numerous and effective keep on. They will ride the lonesome trails. They will than the claims of partially informed critics indi- climb over the mountains and find their way out to the cate. Board secretaries are constantly checking lonely ranches. They will keep on preaching. Necessity the possibilities of closer Christian cooperation. is upon them. They will stay by the field. They will The development of joint enterprises, as well as the share with their people and keep strong in other human practice of church comity, is a continuous process. hearts the spirit of courage and hope, even when their However, not only theoretical ideals but practical own hearts are heavy. I know you will do the best you problems that require the exercise of faith and can for them. God bless you. patience, must be reckoned with: the unalterable objective of an adequate religious ministry to un- Depression values to home missions must also derprivileged communities involves much more be acknowledged, if we are ready to appraise our than a numerical reduction of denominational present missionary situation from both the negestablishments; credal convictions, denomina- ative and positive viewpoints. Certain worthtional backgrounds and loyalties cannot be while advantages have accrued that we will do changed over night; an exchange of properties is well to ponder with reference to future adminmore easily accomplished than the transfer of istrative policies and procedures. Among them, folks from one denomination to another. Never- the following may be mentioned: theless, despite delicate and difficult factors that thrust themselves into the foreground of the pic- (1) There is a greater discrimination on the ture, church comity and interdenominational home part of missionary contributors. Since more limmissionary exhibits are multiplying with remark- ited resources involve greater sacrifices, contribuable rapidity. tors are naturally more concerned about the justi- fication of such investments, hence likely to de- Depleted resources for home missions, during mand dependable data relative to the projects the past five years, have registered results that they are asked to support. While official surveys must be appraised both negatively and positively. reveal the fact that church members are the most generous givers to general philanthropies as well

as to denominational causes, current conditions essary to curtail the existing work. In the Nemake the exercise of painstaking discrimination gro and Mountaineer missions we were able to imperative and increase the likelihood of more transfer much of the educational work to the selective missionary investments. county and state. In this and other ways these expenditures were reduced from one-half to two- (2) A thorough scrutiny of projects and pro- thirds. We came to the conviction that the real posals, by missionary agencies, uninfluenced by work of a mission board is evangelistic and mismerely sentimental appeals, must be made for sionary and not secular education, to the extent similar reasons. When resources are abundant, attempted previously. there is a tendency to undertake more work than may be warranted, because of the urgency of the Work among foreigners was likewise curtailed appeals. Recent years, with their excessive exac- in extent and expense. The work among Ameritions and financial limitations, have witnessed the cans suffered severe reductions in the number of severest sifting process with reference to both stations, as well as in salaries. At first we were personnel and proj ects, within the memory of con- led to require the local fields to pay more toward temporary home mission administrators. There the missionaries' support, but we soon came to is a growing conviction that fewer but better realize that the local fields, like the Board, were projects, and not so many but adequately equipped not able to pay as before. We began to reduce our workers, will ensure more permanent missionary appropriations, at first ten per cent and then progress. another ten per cent in the presbyteries, and fif- teen per cent more in overhead and administra- (3) There is a greater determination to adapt tion. modern missionary programs to the current needs of our modern world, at home and abroad. There This experience has not been altogether a cais an evident purpose to break with purely tradi- lamity but has brought some helpful results. In tional but unfruitful types of missionary work, as church buildings, the idea has changed from putwell as with unjustifiable denominational empha- ting up a big stone church with a large appropriases; to accord a conscientious recognition of mis- tion from the central Board to the erection of a sionary responsibility in the realms of social serv- more modest edifice. Sometimes a portable chapel ice and Christian cooperation; to scan with has been the solution. In most cases the stone greater eagerness the possibilities of interdenomi- church, formerly demanded for a home mission national activity in hastening the process of local station, has disappeared at least for the immeand world wide evangelism. diate future. Some congregations, by the use of local free labor of church members, have put up Other values might be included in this sum- wonderfully fine and suitable buildings with little mary, but the matter of major moment to the cash outlay. Kingdom of God and to genuine Christian progress is the dominance of spiritual incentives in Perhaps the greatest benefit has come through the human heart, the actual enthronement of the turning of thoughts from the material equip- Jesus Christ. ment to the divine equipment required. The Cen- tenary, New Era and New World church equip- In the Present Emergency ment has been overshadowed in the thoughts of the people by the necessity of spiritual endue- By the REV. R. A. HUTCHISON, D.D. ment. "Not by might … but by my Spirit"- is becoming more and more the recognized key to Secretary of the Board of American Missions, home mission progress. United Presbyterian Church of North America Much of this change in sentiment is due to the T IKE other mission boards, we have felt what continued financial shortage during these recent L people generally call "the depression.:" In years. So long as money was plentiful there was a continued demand for larger church buildings, fact, we ha,ve detected here and there a de- thoroughly equippea with Sabbath school rooms, pression complex. In the past four years th,e in- ladies' parlors, session rooms, gymnasium, come of the Board has dropped off graduhlly 'to kitchen, Boy Scout room, and other facilities. We almost one-half what it was'before. This has,led still believe that such activities ought, if possible, to the adjustment of the work to our income. . to be provideafor in the building; we do not think of limiting the church work to the old-time one- About three years ago our Board, seeing the room building, although much of the present-day distressing situation ahead, resolved to buy no strength of the church has been developed in such more property and not to finance any new build- plain and inadequate buildings. ing involving heavy outlay until we had taken care of the salaries of missionaries. Very few Few new congregations have been organized in mission fields had any local money for such an the last three or four years but many home misundertaking. sionaries testify that the very lack of elaborate It was not long, however, before it become nec-

THE VITAL NEED OF HOME MISSIONS TODAY

equipment turns the thoughts of the pastor and All in all, the period of financial depression has, people to God as the real source of Power. Under in many cases, been marked by a wholesome, rethese conditions Sabbath schools grow in num- viving spirit. To be sure, the work has been bers, Young People's societies develop in vitality, greatly hampered. The cords have not been missionary enterprises are conducted with un- lengthened so much, even though the stakes have usual success, and enthusiasm increases for the been strengthened. In the period just before us, salvation of souls and the extension of the King- even though the Home Missions finances are not dom. Under these conditions there has also de- so large as formerly, there is ground for hope that veloped a deeper sympathy and closer cooperation the workers will press on to greater results. between the Home Mission congregations and what we usually designate as self-sustaining Our prayer is that the current of the enterprise churches. There was a period not long ago when will run even deeper than it did under former some home mission congregations were really bet- more advantageous material resources. There is ter housed and equipped and the minister more still much territory to be occupied and there is an liberally supported than a neighboring congrega- increasing desire on the part of many to enter tion which did not receive aid from Home Mission the new fields. As we face the many serious mofunds. ral and spiritual problems, we are facing a new frontier in Home Mission work.

The Vital Need of Home Missions 'Today By the REVE.asFtROArNanKgeK, INN.GJD. ON, D.D., ~ Pastor of the Calvary Methodist Church PROFESSORS Thomson and Geddes, in their In the midst of the swiftly moving vortex of our discussion of General Biology,* compare the contemporary events the Church has a tendency life of an individual organism to an arched to be rigid. This is not peculiar to it alone, but bridge, rising from a basic level to a short middle is characteristic of all institutions, for by their stretch and then descending again. There is in nature they have a tendency to inertia that reg- any living experience a continual see-saw between isters in the crystallizing of their original im- waste and repair, nutrition and reproduction, petuses into set forms. The Church exists to per- work and rest, the issue of which is that processes suade men of the supreme validity of a certain of senescence, slowly or quickly, gain on the proc- Way of Life, therefore it deals primarily with esses of rejuvenescence. These arcs of experi- ideas and methods. When ideas petrify they be- ence vary in their lengths with the many types of come dogmas and when methods set they become life, from the brief career of the summer bee to institutional machinery. A Church that worships the possible two centuries of an elephant. These certain ways of saying things and habitual meth- strangely diverse life-histories have to be inter- ods for doing its work becomes an ecclesiasticism, preted in terms of their envIronment, and Weis- i. e. a church existing as an end in itself, produc- mann has demonstrated that length of life is an ing men who are slaves of dogmas and disciplines, adaptive character, defined by the ability. of the . i. e. ecclesiastics. The Church can be saved .from or~anism to adjust itself to ~pe external condi- this harJdening of its arteries only by continually tions of its life. It is this idea upon which I would . renew~.~~.the vitality of its impulses through new lay emphasis as a source 61 illumination for any expreSSIOns .and approaches adapted to the imme- consideration of th~. yalidity of Home Missions. diate needs of its environment. It must talk the They will continue to live as they maintain abil- language of its day. It must be able to detect the ity to adapt themselves to those conditions in the vital spots of its generation's life and to minister midst of which the~ have to work. The need of to them.

Home Missions is flexibility enough to serve a We must remember, however, that the accent changing world always at the points of its great- of our speaking voices can only echo that of. our est need. inner thoughts. Unless a man's thinking of reli- • Life: Outlines of General Biology. p. 759. gion in the deep places of his own mind has the

breath of immediate reality upon it, his public for sacrificial endeavor that will produce results presentation will never be quite free from an evi- quickly seen and emotionally gratifying. dent mustiness, as of something remembered rather than presently felt. An apostle of home The eyes of a little girl in the Cumberland missions remarked in my hearing recently that Mountains look out at me from the paper as I we cannot have great missionary giving from peo- write. I saw them nearly a year ago. I have not ple whose faith means so little to them that they seen them since, nor any picture of them, but do not think it worth-while to spend money to get they never leave me. They are twisted from the message to other people. That is the heart of malnutrition and dull for lack of opportunity. She the matter. The Church will never die from the tells through their eloquent silence the whole circumference in, but its wider activities will im- heart-rending story of sections of our country mediately shrink when it begins to weaken at the swamped with poverty and gritty with disease. center. Something has died within us before our No one can love our Lord Christ and leave her to outer works reveal decline. The "dark places," her lot. Let us lay our plans for a new society, which are throwing all our missionary enterprises but not all their grandiloquence can rid us of the into the shadow, are in our own pews not in the immediate responsibility to carry food, clothing, fields themselves that call for the shedding abroad learning and inspiration to that dwarfed body and of the Light of the Gospel of Christ. The current starved heart. reticence of the Church is a startling symptom of its own poverty. This, however, may be just as That Submerged Tenth definitely the result of our failure to come to grips with the actual issues of our day as of a peculiar In these United States, one cannot recall those inability' to catch the inner imperative of a com- who are without the good opportunities for a full manding communion with Christ. To this aspect experience without remembering, with a kind of of the question, therefore, we will turn our minds, dull ache of the spirit that is never quite comseeking to find whether we are actually giving our forted, that submerged tenth of our population religion a virile work-out on the sinewy giants shut off from an equitable share in our opportunioppressing the spirits of men now or are only ties because of a skin black with the light of many shadow-boxing with the ghosts of yesterday's suns. If we come in the spirit of our Master we tyrants. come not to be ministered unto by these fellow- humans but to minister to them, and that means a What are we trying to do in home missions? filling up at once of the lack that is in their com- The answer is that we are trying to Christianize munities.

our own country. But just what does that mean? Similarly one might write of those centers of population where men are herded into incongru- Does it mean that we are working to produce a ous medleys of race and tongue without either hope or beauty. There is an urgency about the land of inhabitants who are so devoted to hymn- Spirit of God that cannot put off the pressing cry singing that they substitute by popular demand, for help. Here, again, we must come, and at once, "Are you washed in the blood of the Lamb 7" for or every vile trade that flourishes on human weak- "Who's afraid of the big, bad wolf?" Incidentally ness will hold undisputed sway. perhaps, but not as the full dispensation of the Day of the Lord. A Christian country, presum- Besides these are those places where something ably, means one in which all the agencies of so- other, and less, than the religion of Jesus Christ ciety are in a grand conspiracy to help every in- is taught as the most excellent of ways. We candividual in all his relationships to realize the most not sit idly by while fellow-citizens of ours hear glorious possibilities that are in him. only of some second-best. In His footsteps, Who came not to destroy but to fulfill, we try to walk Now, suppose we should ask ourselves, as if we out to every last home that has not been lighted were looking at our country for the first time from by the radiance of His presence. such a point of view, where the most unchristian areas in our experience are, what should we say? These are areas of need as plain to perceive as a field white unto harvest ready for the skill of Stop here and write your own answer to the ques- the reaper; and it is n~tural that, throughout a ' period that -took for granted the fundamental tion. It will probably be n~arer the truth than premises of our social philosophy, our home mismine. It is sure to be of more value to you per- sions program should be directed mainly to them. sonally for it will reveal those places at which you Yet we may develop expert techniques for dealing can probably s~rve men most effectively. with these specific groups and still leave our ma- jor objective unserved. The critical places are The answer that at once suggests itself is a those where the power of this country is actually geographic one. There are certain places that centered. can be located on a map where men have fewer chances for the best in life than they have elsewhere. Obviously, there are here fields that call

Unless we can put the Spirit of Jesus in com- A similar anaylsis of the race situation in mand of the enterprises that set the conditions of North America will bring us to the same sort of our lives, whether our state be controlled by pro- conclusion. The Negro problem is in the white letarian or plutocrat, we shall fall short of devel- man's heart. It is created, not by the physical oping a Christian country. Our warfare is against fact of the existence of groups of black men, but the world rulers of this darkness, the enthrone- by the attitude of the dominant group who main- ment of selfishness in high places. The extra re- tain such an organization of life as to precipitate sponsibility of our day arises from the fact that it. The Negroes seem exotic to us because we the conflicting interests inherent in the present have a view of life that allows some human beings organization of our social experience are so to seem to us to be other than we are.

plainly dramatized by the obvious inequalities Into every discussion of human affairs there they produce. The world in which we live is at comes sooner or later the spirit of nationalism enmity with the Christian ideal because those loaded with dynamite. In a recent discussion of ideas that control the citadels of effective power statesmanship, that takes full account in a rev- among us are essentially pagan. They are such erent spirit of religion as a factor in human af- as tyrannize over the minds of men instead of fairs, one Of our own most intelligent statesmen setting them free. has written almost incidentally, "Closing down The areas of life that are so finally unchristian some factories would be of grave national con- as to poison our whole experience are not geo- cern, not only because of the resulting unemploy- graphical but ideal. Home missions, therefore, ment, but also because some factories are needed without paralyzing their ministry to the obvious in time of war." * The interesting fact about that dire needs must recognize and come to grips with reference to war is that it is so casual. It takes these intangible but powerful forces of injustice, it for granted. That attitude is characteristic of or else abandon their main end and be satisfied the thinking of the world. At this moment it is with a secondary one. We must change the mind being emphasized by the growth of Fascism, tar- of our generation or pass on to the next a world iffs, international armaments and the discredit of essentially unchanged. This does not mean that the League of Nations. By any reckoning a nar- we shall cease to serve the outcast, but that we row patriotism is opposed to that human brother- frankly recognize that our chief, and much more hood which is a distinctive insight of the Chris- difficult, task is to persuade men that the Spirit of tian view. Yet here it is as a dominant psycho- Christ can be enthroned where the character of logical factor underlying our human affairs.

our life is really defined. The hurdle which stands Along with these influences in our life we must in the way of our having a Christian land is the put the growth of the idea of determinism in its tacit assumption of conventional points of view various interpretations. The economists of the that mould our destiny by unchristian motives extreme right expound theories of economic laws which work out to practices that divide rather which work impersonally and to which we must than unite men's interests. adjust ourselves if we are to succeed, while the We begin, for example, by accepting the idea Marxians to the left insist with equal fervor upon that the goods of life belong to those who have their own kind of materialistic determinism. Ours material wealth. The easy objection to this may is a world of law, we are told, and so the condi- spring from nothing more than envy, but the tions of life work themselves out regardless of our more searching argument is that such a state of control, free-will being a sort of major illusion.

affairs produces the dual effect of economic ex- That we can understand the forces that move us ploitation and a distribution of power -on the basis but cannot control them is the basic idea of secu- of other than socially useful considerations. Chilo larism in all its manifestations. It cuts the nerve- dren are born into communities where they. are centres of high enterprise and leaves men at the deprived of a chance to live a normal life be- mercy of their baser passions of greed and com- cause it is to the economic advantage of those bat.

controlling them that such a state of things shall When we think about home missions going up continue. Every fifth child in the United States against these ideas we are conscious of two points is undernourished, not because we are a nation of tension. One is institutional and the other so- without compassion, but because men seeking cial in the wider sense. Our traditional ways of profits are thereby inoculated against the consid- doing missionary work have made no place· f{)r eration of the social results of their policies. By such considerations as these, therefore all the every standard of the Gospel this is anti-Chris- forces of inertia will suspect us when we intro- tian, yet it will persist as long as we leave the fun- duce them. It will be hard to persuade supporting damental premise unquestioned. Poverty exists churches that these are legitimate areas for mis- because men work and profit by a philosophy that sionaryactivity. Even when we have swung them makes human welfare a secondary consideration. • "America Must Choose," by Secretary Henry A. Wallace. p. 18.

to our point of view we shall be facing a still more ing men acquainted with the long story of human potent difficulty for we shall find the churches at thought and able to bring the fundamental Chrisodds with the social complex in the midst of which tian point of view to expression without rancor or special pleading in such a way as to win the they must live and from which they must draw consent of minds that are being continually sub- jected to other ways of looking at the world and their support. Some men will say that we "are its problems of conduct. We are under obligasubversive and dangerous. Nevertheless, the tion to bring the profoundest thought of which simple fact remains that we cannot bring forth a we are capable to its most excellent expression as Christian nation without getting at these roots of a guide to the minds of men. our unchristian practices with their inhumane consequences. As is indicated by the above illustration of the Communists we need also evangelists of brother- What I am suggesting is that we must map our hood. The extraordinary complexity of our curhome missions programs in terms of the intellec- rent life is continually creating situations that tual climates in which men live as well as of the call for applications of the Christian ethic in pracphysical conditions of their experiences. Into the tical ways. The average Christian would apprechaos of contemporary thinking we must set our- ciate guidance in meeting his own adjustments selves the task of injecting a statesmanship of and, if given it, would thereby become a much the mind which can discern where the crucial more powerful factor for righteousness. We owe points of influence are and bring the resources of to ourselves, and to the society of which we are a our interpretation to bear upon them. Commu- part, the best collective expression we can give nism, for example, is not merely the philosophy of to what Christian brotherhood actually means. a limited but regimented minority party; it is also a moral and intellectual force, some phases of In the same field of action we are in need of which are distinctly on the side of our ideals, but evangelists of racial justice. When certain Neothers of which are in confiict with us. Take, as groes, charged with crime, were being tried rean instance, its treatment of the Negroes in the cently they were helped by various groups in our United States. When the Communists meet they American community, but no professedly Chrisinsist on the same treatment being given the col- tian agency was on hand to aid them in getting a ored members of their conventions in the hotels just trial. What a dramatization of the Chris- tian spirit it would have been if an able lawyer and elsewhere as is given the white members.* had been commissioned in the name of our Lord and by His people to secure an absolutely fair Let a group of church people meet, however, and hearing to these men whose condition was dithe whites use one set of hotels while the colored rectly chargeable to the inequities of our society delegates use another. In other words, the prac- itself! This same sort of practice could be aptice of those officially charged with the work of plied to many local events and to some that in- Christ's Church is less Christian at this point than volve the dealings of great nations with small. is that of those who disclaim all religious loyalties. Yet this kind of action is precisely the kind that There are subtle forces, deeply seated in acis most determinative in producing ultimate so- cepted practices and places of power, that must cial change. be overcome if we are to produce countries fit to be called Christian. A home mission program Such situations are many and seem to indicate that meets the immediate needs arising out of those areas in which our home mission leadership current social practices is useful and appealing must set itself the triple task of changing the but it stops with scratching the surfaces of our mind of the Church itself, of developing tech- paganisms. A program that is really to change our niques of social conduct conformable to the mind world must build itself in terms of changing funof Christ and of aggressively meeting situations damEmtal attitudes. In other words, we must reprecipitated by the applied vision of organized capture the stirring expectation of conversion in groups working to their own ends. human experience. Men must be regenerated in a way that will affe«t all the relationships of their To capture the imaginations of certain power- lives, both personal and social. It is a big demand. ful groups we need evangelists of the Christian But who would expect such a one as Jesus Christ philosophy. I mean by this men definitely set to ask us for little deeds? aside by the church to specialize in ideas, brood- • The Student Volunteers fOT Foreign Missions and many other Christian organizations Insist on the same equality of treatment.- EDITOR.

A Better Day Coming for China?

The Proposed New Chinese Constitution and Its Significance to Christian Progress By DR. COURTENAY H. FENN, New York Recording Secretary, Board of Foreign Missions, Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

T HE latest of a long series of "drafts" of a of Evangelical Christianity, which they have permanent constitution for the Republic of adopted for themselves and would gladly see all China was made public on March 1, 1934. China adopt. Many other high officials in the The others have represented evolutionary stages Nanking Government also realize that all of in the development of one of the greatest political China's cultural inheritance together 'fill not experiments of the age, the attempt to create a serve to make her a stable republic or a great na- bona fide republic out of an aged and decrepit tion without the backbone of a true religious monarchy, absolute in name though rather an oli- faith. As providing the essential conditions for garchy in fact. Among the largest nations of the such a development in a constitutionally regulated world in area and far the largest in population, society and political system, this latest draft con- China's experiment seemed almost fantastically stitution should make a distinct contribution to futile in view of the fact that ninety-five per cent China's "Better Day."

of her four hundred million people could neither This new constitution for the Republic has been read nor write. Many confidently predicted, from in preparation by the Legislative Yuan, one of the the proclamation of the republic in 1911-12, that five departments of the existing government, for it would prove a dismal failure, a republic only about a year. Authorized by the Fourth National in name, establishing-if it really established any- Congress of the governing People's party, the thing-a tyranny of temporarily dominant mili- Kuomintang, it is now offered for general criti- tary leaders under a banner of license rather than cism before final revision and adoption by a Na- of liberty, with an exploiting and down-treading tional People's ConventiQll called for March, 1935.

of the common people even worse than that of the It follows the National Reconstruction Program Manchu Empire which had just been overthrown. of Dr. Sun Yat Sen, and is expected to bring to an According to unfriendly neighbors and even end the period of "political tutelage," and to es- some of her friends, this pessimistic prediction tablish a real democracy.

has been too sadly fulfilled in the twenty-two The constitution contains 160 articles in nine years of the Chinese Republic's history. Civil chapters. The Republic is to be based on Dr.

wars under many leaders, several attempts to re- Sun's "Three People's Principles" of National Sov- store the monarchy, both sporadic and organized ereignty, Popular Liberty, and People's Liveli- banditry, sectional jealousies, personal animosi- hood. The territory of China can only be changed ties, conflicting ideals, radical theories, selfish with the consent of the People's Congress. The gain-seekings, have combined to impede the prog- people's rights are limited by their duties, which ress and prevent the success of the new Republic are to meet the needs of the social order and the to a greater degree even than the unneighborly public welfare. The endeavor of the drafters has aggressions of other nations, which have pro- been to swing to no extremes, but to provide for fessed considerate friendliness but practiced popular self-government under a president and ruthless enmity. other officials with definitely limited powers.

This responsibility for failure has been frankly One of the editors of the "Bulletin of China's acknowledged by some of China's most thoughtful Foreign Relations," published by the Interna- and influential leaders, who have demonstrated tional Relations Club of Nanking, comments: their unselfish patriotism in their courageous ad- It is probably wise to adopt only moderate principles vocacy of thoroughgoing reforms. None of for the improvement of political, economic and social life China's leaders are more earnest or consistent re- of the country. China will have to overcome enormous formers than that prominent official and military difficulties before a permanent condition can be firmly commander-in-chief, General Chiang Kai-shek, established. The people must be thoroughly educated in the exercise of their constitutional rights and duties. and Madame Chiang, both of whom see China's Faithful and competent officials, particularly impartial one hope of salutary reform in the faith and life and authoritative judges, must be appointed to apply and [858 ]

interpret the various provisions of the new constitution. research and inventions and shall protect historic After all, the leaders of the Central Government must remains. fully realize the significance of a constitution and be rea?y to uphold it whenever there is an attempt to destroy Its Chapter V provides that each district or mu- authority. nicipality shall elect one delegate to the National Congress by "universal, equal, direct and un- The constitution establishes Nanking as the named suffrage" of all Chinese citizens over 20 national capital and the national flag is to be made years of age'; those over 25 years being also eligiup of a red background with a blue sky and white ble for election to office. Congress shall meet trisun in the upper left corner. It declares all per- ennially for one month, to elect or recall the presisons of Chinese nationality citizens and all citizens equal before the law, irrespective of sex, dent or vice-president and the members and of- ficers of the Executive, Legislative, Judicial, Exrace, religion, caste or vocation. It assures to all amination and Control Yuans (Departments), to liberty in accordance with the law, a prompt and initiate legislation, adopt or amend the constitujust trial when accused, freedom of association and assembly, of speech and publication, of pri- tion and consider problems submitted by the Navacy of correspondence and liberty in religious tional Government. The functions of the membelief. It guarantees the right of private prop- bers terminate with adjournment, before which they elect a People's Committee of 21 members, erty, of petition, of election, of competition for civil service. It requires of all the duties of pay- with ten alternates, all to be over 45 years of age ing taxes and of performing military service and and distinguished for service rendered the nation. They are to hold no concurrent posts, but act as public labor when necessary to preserve public in- the National Congress ad interim, or call a proterests or safety. visional Congress for special emergencies. Chapter III sets forth Dr. Sun Yat Sen's eco- Chapter VI defines the relations of the central nomic system, "to ameliorate the production, dis- and local governments. The Central Government, tribution and consumption of wealth so as to ef- among many other usual powers, is to have confect the sufficiency of the people's livelihood." trol of the naval, military and air forces, which The land is to belong to the people as a whole, are to be conscripted and trained in accordance and persons having the right to ownership of with law. It has the power to declare war, make lands shall bear the obligation of using such lands. peace and conclude treaties. Mines and natural forces are to belong to the na- According to Chapter VII, the president and tion, and increases of value not due to labor and the five Yuans shall be responsible to the Nacapital are to be publicly shared through the col- tional Congress. Any citizen over 45 years of age lection of a tax. There are to be income and in- may become president or vice-president for one heritance taxes, a rational system for the distri- or two terms of six years. The president is to bution of profits and the limitation of interest and represent the Republic in foreign relations. The rentals. Prices of necessities are to be regulated functions and interrelations of the five Yuans are and cooperative enterprises encouraged. The la- too intricate to be set forth here, except as indibor of women and children is to be limited and cated by their names. The function of the Exprotected. Reliefs and pensions are to be pro- amination Yuan corresponds somewhat to that of vided for those who have suffered in military or the Board of Censors under the Imperial Govcivil service. The State is to provide for land ernment. It is to determine by means of examireclamation, farm credits, grain conservation, ag- nation, (1) The qualification of public functionricultural education, improved living conditions aries for appointment; (2) Their qualification for and extensive road building. candidacy, (3) The qualification of professional In Chapter IV provision is made for an equal and technical experts. The functions of the Con- opportunity in education, the aims of which shall trol Yuan, whose fifty (or less) members are to be "the cultivation of higher personality, promo- be distributed on the basis of locality, character tion of living ability and nurture of healthy citi- and scholarship, are to conduct audits and serve zens." All children are to receive free education, as the highest supervisory organ of the National and special adult education is to be offered. All Government. Thus far these last two Yuans, pro- public and private schools shall be subject to the vided also in previous provisional constitutions, State and carryon its educational policies. The have been little in evidence. The Executive Yuan central government's expenditure on education has exercised most government functions.

shall not be less than 15% of its total budget and According to Chapter VIII, Provincial Coun- that of cities and districts not less than 3070 of cils, composed of a popularly elected member the local budget. The state shall encourage and from each district or municipality, serving for help with grants successful private schools. All three years, are to be convoked semiannually for schools shall offer scholarships and prizes to help one month, to elect a governor from among five the deserving needy. The state is to encourage nominees of the National Government, adopt a

BALUBA MEDICINE AND RELIGION

budget, propose provincial bills to the Legislative The intervening years have witnessed a great Yuan and pass provincial ordinances. No active advance in every aspect of religious liberty save military man may be a candidate for governor. one, in which such liberty has been more circum- scribed than before. In education "religious free- Chapter IX concerns itself with District and dom" has been interpreted as freedom from Municipal government. The local magistrates are religion, rather than freedom for religion. Chito be elected by the people and serve for three nese educationalists have undertaken to separate years, the passing of civil service examinations education completely from religion, especially in being requisite for candidacy. District Assem- the case of children under fifteen or sixteen years blies will number from 9 to 17 members, self- of age. There is nothing in the new draft congoverning Municipal Assemblies from 11 to 29 stitution which changes this interpretation so as members, the functions of both being defined in to give private schools full liberty to teach relithe draft. gion and maintain worship in all grades. The Christian Church asks no preferential treatment A tenth chapter deals with the process of but hopes that, in the course of time, the full reliamendment and related matters. gious liberty and universal education promised in the new constitution will be so liberally inter- Any "Better Day" for China should include the preted and administered as not only to promote establishment of true religious liberty. This seems national unity and stability, but also to further to be guaranteed by the proposed new constitu- the work of the missions and the Church in estabtion. Twenty years ago, when the Republic's first lishing China's "Better Day" on the only sure constitution was drafted, discussion waxed hot foundation of enlightened morality inspired by over a demand for such liberty. Christians, Bud- strong faith in the only living and true God. dhists, Taoists and Mohammedans joined together to defeat the Confucianists, who insisted that their system be adopted as the "national religion."

Baluba Medicine and Religion* By ONAR HARTZLER, Kabongo, Belgian Congo THE Baluba tribe situated on the sources of cost anywhere from a few cents to twelve or thir- the Katanga Province of the Belgian Congo, teen dollars. As the highest paid workers get has many kinds of bwanga or medicine. They little more than two dollars a month, a person also call the secret societies bwanga, but the real may easily pay half a year's wages on a little medicine is that made by the nanga or doctor. medicine which may be of some help psycho- logically but whose help physically is worse than One kind of medicine is called the lusengo nothing. They take some of this medicine in (loosayngo) . This is the horn of a small antelope sacks and bury it in front of their houses in a kite filled with dirt, sweat, fingernails, hair, skin and (keetay) to keep the spirits away from the house. other filth, said to be consecrated by the doctor. These are protection only to the person who made One kind of fetish is the small figure of a womor bought them. The large horns are kept in the an with the arms akimbo. If a man leaves his houses, and are licked before eating. This, they wife on a trip or vice versa, the one remaining believe, makes them immune to any poison that keeps this fetish. They believe that it tells them might have been put in the food by an enemy. whether the absent one is behaving himself or not. The small horns are put on strings about the neck Another kind is called the bwanga bwa ntambo, of the owners, or in their very curly hair. These or lion medicine, a concoction bound in the skin of are believed to be safeguards against bodily ill- a young lion or leopard in the shape of a horn. ness. In the large end is placed a piece of wood from which four or five horns are protruding. When Another kind is the kihudji (keehohdjee) which the people want protection they put one finger in is a small nut shell filled with the same general the open end of the horn, and then lick the finger. concoction as the horns. These are strung about the body and are also for the purpose of guarding Another medicine is called the bwanga bwa against illness. The many kinds of medicine mbo, buffalo medicine. This is made to the accalled bwanga are bought from the doctor and companiment of chanting, yelling, dancing and the beating of tom-toms. If a man has this medi- * From the South A/rica Missionary Advocate.

cine he believes that he and his gun are invisible. lewd performances, it is still harder. Many of To belie this, however, a few months ago, a man their customs are all right but many more of them who had a lot of this medicine was killed by a are wholly wrong. We teach them to regard those buffalo. that are good and replace the evil ones with Chris- The methods of curing are almost as primitive, tian customs. The difference between the face usually consisting of a string bound between the of a Christian and that of an ordinary man is very sick member and the heart as tight as possible. striking, for the face of the former is filled w~th They have some herbs, but they use these very joy and peace, while that of the latter is filled wIth rarely, and usually only for the trial by ordeal. fear, the fear of death.

The villagers believe there is no natural de.ath.

They say that if anyone dies, someone has kIlled CHRIST COMING TO THE CONGO him. As soon as someone dies, all his relatives Life is very full in Congo BeIge. The inter- come together and begin to yell and scream, thus change of ideas is batHing. All the books prepared supposedly expressing their grief for the~r be- for use at home are not at all suitable for Cong0 loved (?) relative. If anyone does not do thIS, the schools. Not only must everything be translated death of the deceased person is placed at his door. -that would be comparatively simple-but there If everyone cries, the nearest. relatives go to the is little that is useful when it is translated, be- witch-doctor and constrain him to receive their cause its whole background is incomprehensible present of a chicken and consult the forefathers. to a native reader. The witch-doctor then takes his bag of bones, and by throwing them makes them fall in conjunction Curiously enough, they have a compensating ad- to one another. Then he says that because they vantage over us in their understanding of the fell in a certain way, such and such a man has Bible-or parts of it. Life in ancient Judea was killed the relative. The man so pointed out has much more akin to their customs than to any- to pay a large fine, or be killed. Into this enters thing we can conceive of in comfortable modern the trial by ordeal. Of course, the witch-doctor America. The moral problems of the Old Testagets the lion's share of the price paid. This belief ment are their problems, and the religious back- of the blood revenge and blood price is almost the ground of Israel is only a step removed from their same as that of the desert Arabs. traditions. Proverbs are as significant to them as to the Hebrews, and the man who has one for At the crossroads, and at the boundaries of every occasion is the winner of every argument. the cheffries, is usually placed a pile of grass, upon New Testament life was more complicated than which each traveler drops his blade of grass, as that of their fathers, but its counterpart is taka wish for good luck along the road. ing form about them now, and Christ points the only road of hope for them today as He did to His The people have quite a few names for God. own generation. They have many stories of the creation. The m?st credited one is that Leza (layzah>. created all In- The teaching of the Gospels is the most fasanimate things, and then Shakapanga came along cinating and thrilling adventure of the day. Their and created all animals and men but he left them questions are eager and will not be denied. So to the mercy of the spirits of the dead. We Chris- we study together to reach the fullest understandtians show them that Leza and Shakapanga are ing, and new meanings come to us daily as we one person and that He has been with them all work. For example: here is the parable of the the time. Other titles are Budangulu, the gath- grain of mustard seed, that unknown species erer of the hills; Vidye Mukulu, the Original which grew so big that it overshadowed all the Lord; Nkungwabanze; Kapole Mwine Bantu, the plants in the garden. They told me of a kind of Holy Lord of Men, Kapinanmwanabo. Most of pepper plant which grows like that in their these names have no exact equivalent in English. gardens. But what is the meaning? I had always thought of that marvelous plant as signifying Many people h~ve a small hut about two feet how God's kingdom is to fill the whole world. But high in front or at the back of their houses. They they reminded me that those seeds in the parables say that the spirits of their fathers dwell there were planted in the heart, and so we came to' this and when they want to worship or pacify them, sense of the- parable, that as the plant overthey make some mush in the evening, and take it shadowed everything in the garden, so does the to the hut. There they build a small fire, chanting Kingdom, when it has taken root in the heart, all the while. Then they put the mush in front grow to be the biggest thing there, overshadowing of the hut, crying Tata! Tata! Father! Father! every thought and purpose, every seedling idea After chanting another song they go away.

It is these beliefs and superstitions that we and every nurtured plan. have to fight against. It is a very long work and slow, and with new secret societies coming in with GEORGE W. CARPENTER, Baptist Mission, Kimpese, via Matadi.

W. ABEL INTERVIEWING A PAPUAN CHRISTIAN HELPER. AT

From Darkness to Light in Papua A Review of the "Life of Charles W. Abel, of Kwato"*-Forty years in the South Seas -1~-=-=-=-=_BY-=D_EL_A_V_A_N=-L'_P_IE_R_S_O_N-=-=-=-=~Ir- M UCH has recently been written about New oneers as William G. Lawes, Samuel MacFarlane Guinea-or Papua as it is called to dis- and James Chalmers. With the last of these mis- tinguish it from the Dutch half of this sionaries Charles Abel was associated for eleven great, unexplored island. The savage life of the years before Chalmers was killed and eaten by the people of the interior furnishes an interesting and cannibals thirty years ago. Abel was himself picturesque theme for travelers and anthropolo- a unique character and had'an unusual career. He gists. The rich vari~ty of products, including gold, added an important chapter to missioriary history rare woods, and unusual fauna and flora, have and proved that by the power of Christ cannibals made it a fascinating field for the study of natural and children of cannibals can be transformed into history; and the social life, superstitions and cus- intelligent, friendly and useful men, and women.

toms of these isolated primitive people have been The dangers and difficulties thatAbel encountered a fruitful theme for such writers as Margaret and overcame show the heroic ' stuff of which he Mead, J. H. Holmes, W. J. V. Saville, Wm. E. was made. Moreover, he took with him a 'young Bromilow, A. R. Pratt and others. bride to this forbidding field where her courage The missionary history of New Guinea has been and practical common sense helped to make her enlivened by the thrilling experiences of such pi- husband's work more effective and saved many a Fle•m"iCnhgaHrl.esRWev,elAl bCeol. ofNKewwaYtoo,r"k.by1R93u4s.sellCoWpi.eAs boefl.thi8s svtor.on$g2a.0n0d. critical situation. sthtierroinffgicebioofgrtahpehMy ImSSaIOyNbAeRYorRdEeVreIEdWthOroFugTHh EanWyORbLoDo.kseller or from The famous Chalmers, ·the Great Heart of New GUl'nea, or "Tamate" as he was called by the na- [357 ]

tives, wrote to Mrs. Abel (referring to her hus- In this story we learn not only how a successful band): "I met him two years ago, and he sus- Christian mission was first started among untained all I had heard about him. I am astonished friendly savages, but we see how it developed and at your fearlessness in having him, only I fancy became a civilizing influence which reached far he is worth taming. I have always had a liking into the interior. The Papuans are divided into for wild savages myself! They are worth looking many languages and tribes; the chief occupation after, and then there is, as you will experience in of the men formerly was warfare, with the makyour undertaking hereafter, the joy of seeing ing of weapons and war canoes, while the women them tamed, meek and lowly, and in a proper state cultivated their gardens. They had little or no of mind!" religious belief but were, and still are, weighed down with fear and superstition. Sorcery is held A PAPUAN WAR CANOE responsible for many deaths. While their morals are low in their primitive state, their tribal laws It seems strange that, after forty years among and customs which guide conduct make an interthe primitive people of New Guinea (Papua), esting sociological study. The Christian Papuans with many thrilling experiences and dangers are a lovable people, have great mechanical abilamong cannibals and warring tribes, this noble ity, a remarkable ear for music and a deep sense missionary should finally meet his death by a blow of gratitude for kindness. from a speeding motor car in the outskirts of London. But Abel had lived his life and had done Abel sometimes questioned whether he was wela work such as few men can look back upon. His come among these people as a representative of wife, his two sons and two daughters are now Christ and was tempted to discouragement, but carrying on with remarkable success in the same he showed his true spirit when he wrote: field in the South Seas. "In those early days of my work I often had the This biography of Charles Abel, by his younger miserable feeling, which was more than a susson is a stirring story. It begins with the account picion, that I was forcing myself upon people of his boyhood in England; takes the youth where I was not wanted. However, there was no through some severely testing times among the doubt in my mind, as I looked about me upon that Maoris and "gum diggers" in New Zealand in the heathen community, that, little as I was wanted, pioneer days; carries him back, fully awakened, I was sorely needed; and I remembered how often to complete his studies in an English college and my Master must have been tolerated where He then describes his checkered, and often exciting, was not welcomed." career through forty years in Eastern Papua. A PAPUAN VILLAGE SCENE Abel himself had an ambition to go out to the mission field as a lay worker, rather than as an How Abel gained the friendship of these savordained missionary of the London Missionary ages is told in this biography: Society. As he says in one of his letters: There is no doubt that the missionary's fearless espousal "I did my best to join the society as a layman; of justice did much to establish Abel in the eyes of the and although I see now that, all things considered, natives. They could not doubt his disinterested friendit was best for me to come as a qualified "Rever- ship. They refused to think of him, as in one case it was end," I strongly protest, however, against my use- pointedly suggested concerning a venerable veteran misfulness and influence being limited in any degree sionary, that perhaps the reason he had come so far afield by that title. My ordination to the work of a mis- was that his own country would not have him! sionary to a savage people should bear with it no disqualification to engage in any necessary work "When I saw Taubada face revolvers pointed by his for Christ's sake. Nothing in His Name can sec- own angry countrymen, in order to speak out for some ularize me. If I am true to my great trust-the Papuans, I knew he was truly our friend," testified an conversion and uplifting of my people-whatever old native eye-witness of an incident at the mines. Walkwork I touch is spiritualized. I would gladly re- ing through the forest many years later in the same vinounce my ordination so that I might be free to cinity, Abel came suddenly upon a party of women at a put forth all my energies in Christ's service." bend in the track. The women immediately threw down their burdens and vanished into the surrounding scrub. One of the mission carriers cried out: "It is not a white man, it is only a missionary!" As he repeated this information the women began to reappear, shamefaced and embarrassed.

FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT IN PAPPA

"Oh, Taubada, we thought you were a white man!" they "It is the poverty of the material we have to work upon apologized. in a country like this which creates the need for an in- dustrial auxiliary to our mission …… We have robbed The character of Charles Abel stands out clear- the people of an incentive to much work. Are we going ly, not by laudatory adjectives which his son and to supply them with no other incentive, or are we to be others might have used to describe him, but by satisfied in letting Christianity take root in the inertia the story of deeds he performed and the letters he which it has created?" wrote revealing his innermost soul. He had rare and practical good sense, deep religious faith, a He had the conviction, which many are today definite vision for the Papuans, remarkable cour- voicing, that too much paraphernalia and too age, a wonderful capacity for friendship and an elaborate ideas are pressed upon such primitive irresistible sense of humor which enlivened even people so that Western standards are often conthe most gloomy and trying situations. This sense fused with Christian ideals. Referring to housing of humor often illuminates the pages of the biog- difficulties on the mission field, Abel wrote: raphy. "Let us remember that the Lord's work is in more than buildings; it is in the hearts of our people, and perhaps He sees that we had better do deeper work before we go so far ahead with the material things. There is so much emphasis put upon service, charities, and machinery in the Christian world today that you do fight a bit shy of too much paraphernalia."

A WATER VILLAGE AT PORT MORESBY He had no desire to foist on the Papuans a spu- rious civilization. One of his aims as a mission- He was a man who did not know how to ac- ary is revealed in another letter: knowledge defeat in any work that he believed was the work of God and that he was called upon "1 don't think God means me to leave these people to to do. He appealed to his own Papuan boys to flounder into a form of civilization which is grotesque and stand by him in a very difficult task of transform- spurious, but feeling as 1 do, and seeing as 1 do, 1 must ing a pestilential swamp into a wholesome athletic use my influence in directing them to a new condition of field. We read: life which is healthy and sound and progressive …… "

Loyally, and for his sake entirely, they went at their One of the difficulties in Papua is that many work with a will, though it seemed a hopeless proposition languages and dialects are spoken over a comwith the tiny handful of workers left to battle with it. paratively small area. Abel learned several of "We are laying the foundations of character," wrote their these languages but worked chiefly in Suau. He leader, while we lay the foundations of a large model translated much of the Bible for these people and village upon the swamp ……the work is moral as well the difficulties encountered are revealed in an as manual." early extract from his journal, at the time of his first attempts. He was first of all an ambassador of Christ but he realized the necessity for giving the primitive THE MEMORIAL HOUSE OF PRAYER AT KWATO people not only elementary education, but also for preparing the people for honest, useful lives "Translating all the evening. 1 approached the Sermon by teaching suitable industries to take the place on the Mount again with a feeling of great awe. 1 spent of their dances, heathen feasts and savage war- more than an hour over the phrase "poor in spirit" with fare. He wrote: McLaren's sermon in mind. There is no equivalent in Suau, of course, but a language formed, as this so often "We ought to be willing, if necessary, to strike out on is, of words made up of a sentence, gave Dageola and me altogether new lines. We should be prepared to abandon an answer to our special prayer in arriving at, 8e nuacherished ideas as to what constitute the duties of mis- tudobidobiuioidi' literally, "those who think themselves sionaries placed as we are …… Weare not here to make down." It impiies humility; it is an act of self-belittlesavages religious. Weare here to make these weak, ment. It will be easy to read poverty of spirit into this foolish, superstition-bound people, strong Christian men. term. 1 am delighted with the discovery." We shall have to come much more in touch with the life of these people, outside our strictly spiritual work, befor~ The results of these forty years of heroic servwe shall succeed in this. We shall have td come down ice were rewarding, for savages were transformed to that level in which we find them so full of sorcery and fighting and immoral dancing, and supplement our great message, and make our religious work a real thing by meeting them in the common affairs of their daily life."

At another time Abel wrote to his missionary colleagues, in defense of his views on industries:

into earnest, witnessing Christians. One incident WHEN FUNUSUI WAS SICK* is related as follows: We thank God for the high spiritual tone in the Abel had occasion to speak strongly to the Christian One Pusu school (Solomon Islands, South Sea Papuans and to chide theml for their failure to live up to Evangelical Mission). Christian ideals. His words bore traces of disappointment. The meeting was being held just before a communion The other night a big Kwara'ae man named service. When Abel had finished speaking Daniela, a one Funusui came to have a verse of Scripture ex- time war-like savage chief of Lilihoa, rose to his feet and plained to him. He told his life story, and I was said: amazed to find that he had been a Christian for only one year. His brother was the big /ata'abu "Your words are true, Taubada, and we hear them. (witch doctor) of his district, and he (Funusui) But remember that we are very weak. We do not forget what God has done for us. There are scars on my body that Paolo of Logea (and he pointed to another chief was to have become a witch doctor also. He bewho had turned to Christ) inflicted," yet now he is my came very sick, and his people offered sacrifices brother for we are one in Christ. A few years ago I of pigs to their akalos (evil spirits). The spirit sought for vengeance and yearned for Paolo's life. I had told the /ata'abu that Funusui would be betcaptured and ate his people as he did mine, and as he ter in six days, but he still continued very sick. did my wife. See the change today for we shall soon kneel together and remember how Christ died for us. Be- He said in his Pidgin English: cause He died, there is no malice in my heart. Weare brothers." "Me countim every day make six; now me no get better, and me say, which way devil gammon Russell Abel, the author of this stirring life long me all same?"

story, was born in New Guinea about thirty years During his illness he thought a great deal about ago. There he was educated by his mother in the the little he had heard of the Gospel, and decided midst of primitive surroundings, without schools that if he could get to a Christian village he might or contacts with the emoluments and advantages get well. Some heathen who lived near by, at that of so-called civilization. With only a year or two time made a big feast, to which he knew some of additional schooling in Australia, he prepared Christian men would go to preach, so he sent a for college and was graduated from Cambridge small boy there to ask a certain Christian relative University, England, in 1928, having specialized of his to come and see him. Under God's hand in science and anthropology. When a student in this relative was there doing the Lord's work, the university, his father, who was always a vital and, of course, came to visit Funusui. The Chrisforce in his children's lives, showed that he under- tian pleaded with him to come to "school," and stood the subtlety of intellectual pitfalls and was to accept Christ. not afraid to sound a warning note. He wrote to his son: "All right," replied Funusui, "you Christian men come tomorrow, and take me go."

"Most anthropologists seem to be men without any But his own brother, the witch doctor, had de- spiritual vision. I expect you will hear a lot of things on cided that as Funusui was going to die, he would this subject which would make our precious faith look like him to die in his house, so he sent men to get foolish. . . . .. "Hold fast to that which is good." If you him. Thus it happened that the two parties, the keep near to Christ you will see too plainly how charge- messengers of Life and the messengers of death, less a life is theirs who only see with their eyes, and only believe the things which they can handle." met at the sick man's house at the same time on Russell Abel, like his father, has visited Amer- their respective errands. "I have set before you ica several times on the way to Papua and has the way of life and the way of death…… Thereproved himself a most acceptable speaker, with fore choose life" (Deut. 30: 19). Praise God he the same sense of humor and gift for graphic de- chose life. The Christian men helped him down scription that his father possessed. Mrs. Abel, the mountains to their village, and that evening with her two sons and two daughters, is now en- the Christian teacher, Moses Lau-bi-na, gathered gaged in mission work in Eastern Papua under his people together to pray for Funusui's healing. the New Guinea Evangelization Society* of Amer- Later, at the side of the sick man, the teacher ica and the Kwato Extension Association of Eng- prayed for hours, and although he had been ill land. These are cooperating missions with an for six months, he began to recover that night, interdenominational and international board of and in six days was well. directors. It is a work, like the China Inland Mission and the Dohnavur Mission, conducted by It was not Jong before he came into definite faith and sacrifice, with full dependence on God, touch with the Master, and he has gone on with acceptance of the inspiration of the Bible, and Him ever since. At first his wife was unwilling surrender to the Lordship of Christ as the Son of to leave her heathen relatives, but later she came God and only Saviour of men. with her children, and accepted the Lord too.

D ltEAD. One Pasu, Solomon Islands.

• Gifts for this work may be sent to Mr. Walter McDougall, • Reprinted from Not In Vain. Treas., 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

A New Project for Christian

By the REV. J. ROBERT HARGREAVES St. Paul, Minnesota Field Representative of the Joint Committee of the National Church Councils THERE are signs of a moral and spiritual on spiritual values as expressed in every-day con- awakening in many parts of America, even duct. In very many centers, including some 10- though this is not particularly noticeable in calities with small church privileges, this emphathe churches. In the past, revivals of religion sis is teaching the art of living together in the were rather closely confined to limited circles spirit of 1 Corinthians 13.

while the present revival (believe it or not) is In one city district, where the little church had more widespread. The Church of Jesus Christ been closed, it was discovered that in the school of was never intended to be an end in itself. It is a about 700 pupils a very efficient moral and spiritmeans to an end, the establishment of the King- ual training was being carried on under a de- dom of God among men. The splendor of a great cidedly Christian principal. This was influencing stationary engine is not in the mechanism or in every class and was with full sanction of the dethe great fire under the boiler but its usefulness partment of education. An increasing number of is in proportion to the power which is distributed teachers try not only to adapt pupils to the school to all the machinery of the factory. Machinery and its curriculum, but exert an influence on the that requires less concentration of power in the pupils' home situations, yet cannot proclaim their boiler room is considered a greater triumph. The achievements in this direction. A short time ago factory does not exist for the sake of the engine. a principal explained a program she was trying The Church of Christ has a work to do but its to work out to assist a girl in meeting the needs methods are modified through the varied agencies of an over sensitive and exacting mother. In an- which it has inspired. This growing variety of other school, where there were many under- religious activity should be recognized by the pres- privileged children, the principal and teachers ent church leadership. All effective work that were endeavoring to provide proper emotional promotes moral and spiritual life is of religious guides which were lacking in the several homes.

value. In some instances we need to offer the The unselfish abandon with which some of the prayer of Elisha: "Lord I pray thee open his eyes teachers seek to adapt their program to unfor- that he may see. And the Lord opened his (the tunate and backward pupils is an encouragement servant's) eyes, and he saw and behold the moun- to Christian faith. In one school supervisor's tain was full of horses and chariots of fire round room the most prominent trophy was the letter of about EI.isha." a child written by hand on some scratch paper An increasing number of public schools are and fastened to the wall with a pin. A little girl had been declared incapable of making use of changing the emphasis from the academic instruc- school advantages but the supervisor had been tion to cultural education as a means to life de- unwilling to accept the verdict without further velopment, this is not simply a passing gesture; effort. After a careful study of the child's backit is a trend which is gaining momentum. Re- cently a city school system in Massachusetts dis- ground she was readmitted and the best modern carded its reports on curriculum subjects as not methods were used to awaken her dormant powproperly indicating the results of school training. ers. The letter was an indication of the teacher's A large elementary school in Minneapolis has for success and was the girl's expression of appresome time been reporting on character traits ciation.

rather than on efficiency in such subjects as arith- Such incidents are a type of many expressions metic, geography, and languages. In this rather of Christian ideals in an ever increasing variety courageous and significant venture, it is interest- of activities. We have no statistical blanks on ing to note that in the first year class of the asso- which to record such ventures and triumphs.

ciate Junior High there was not one failure Other extra ecclesiastical forces are also exert- among the pupils in this school. ing spiritual influences and are reaching many In the whole educational program, including whom the church does not touch directly. The some extra school activities, emphasis is being put Extension Department of the State College and [361 ]

the School of Religion of North Dakota recently of years are still in vogue. Veterinary science conducted a seminar to study the character build- has advanced and now humane consideration for ing objectives of such organizations as the Scouts, the suffering animals should spread throughout Camp-fire girls, Parent-Teacher Councils and the the farms. We have hope that through farm farm youth clubs. Those sessions revealed not youth clubs a sentiment may develop which will only the increasing variety of approach, but also result both in painless butchery and in painless increasing efficiency in furthering the interests of operations. Unnecessary pain in the case of a the Kingdom of God. In the country districts defenseless animal is as wrong as unnecessary some situations depend for correction on the work pain caused to man. This change in sentiment of 4-H clubs. During the long continued depres- has not been brought about by direct church efsion the disadvantages of the farm industry has fort but it may be furthered through specialized been somewhat over-emphasized, so that the draw- emphasis on the application of Christian prinbacks in the farm life have become, in many ciples to all phases of life. Never before have the homes, the main topic of conversation. Many of practical implications of Christianity been the youth have no consciousness of their advan- brought so near to realization. Talking about tages and opportunities. They are unhappy with behavior has seemed to have little influence on our their lot but see no way out of it. There is now behavior tendencies. We must integrate the presystematic effort on the part of club leaders to cepts of Christianity into the practices of everychange this unfortunate attitude. Local improve- day life. ments are being made; partnership activities are Where does the Christian Church come into the being worked out between parents and boys and picture? We should constructively recognize the girls; young people are being encouraged to make life and work of these specialized agencies. We the best of their situations and to help solve the must encourage and sustain their efforts to unproblems of others. Letters come showing the re- derstand the main objectives of these groups sults of this effort to reestablish hope and family studying the full program and possibilities inhappiness. Outstanding Christian people are now herent in these specialized activities. Wise parengaged in this leadership and are keeping in ents seek to adapt themselves understandingly to mind the spiritual value inherent in all their the ventures of their independent children and work. A new attitude towards animal life will look upon their success as the enlarging of the also develop. It seems strange that with the ad- family interests. Thus church leadership may vance of. science there has been no general at- further the Kingdom of God by a sympathetic and tempt to introduce anresthesia into animal hus- constructive interest in those projects which help bandry. The same cruelties practiced hundreds to carry out God's will for man.

The Influence of Filipino W omen* -'~II By ESPERANZA A. CUYUGAN 11j3E-..- THE movement in favor of woman suffrage distinct advantage over her eastern sisters; at the which started in North America during the same time this carries with it corresponding re- last century, has recently achieved a victory sponsibilities. in the Philippines. Last November the insular legislature finally granted to the Filipino women But though the vote has heretofore been denied the much-coveted franchise. By this law every the woman by her brothers, she considers herself woman in the archipelago, who is 21 years of age as on a plane of equality with him for that has or over, will have the right to vote and hold po- been her tt:.aditional role. Unlike her contemlitical office, beginning January 1, 1935. poraries in the East, she has always occupied an exalted position and in every activity, except in This is the first time that an oriental country politics, she has been on an equal footing with has so honored its women. Not even a nation as men. modern and westernized as Japan has been so progressive. The Filipino woman has gained a With the door of opportunity open, she has entered every field that man used to consider ex- • An address given at the Florida Chain of Missionary Assemblies. clusively his own. She can be found in practically

THE INFLUENCE OF FILIPINO WOMEN

every profession-in medicine, dentistry, nursing, religion. She holds far more than the "balance of law, and teaching. She is invading even such power" in this field, and is, in very truth, the na- "masculine" careers as engineering, surveying, tion's spiritual-as she is its moral-guardian. architecture, agriculture and stock-raising. Dur- This is true in all civilized countries, particularly ing the revolution she stood with men on the in those that have come under the sway of Christ. fields of battle. In teaching she occupies a very predominant position. History shows that woman, more than man, has kept burning the light of religion. Her devotion to its cause is boundless; her sacrifices for it are without number. She it is who constantly kneels at the family altar. Through her natural devotion to things of the spirit she has served as an ever- steadying influence of her mate. The Filipino woman, like her sister in every Christian land, has been the main standby of the Church. To a great extent, she has helped in spreading the Gos- pel throughout the Islands. She has helped to send messengers, and she herself has gone to dark corners of the archipelago bringing the message of salvation. Because of her unselfish, unceasing collaboration, her pagan brothers in many cities and villages, and in the remote mountain fast- nesses, are being won to Christ.

FILIPINO WOMEN AT WORK, HULLING RICE FILIPINO NURSES IN DUMAG'UETE HOSPITAL The home is, however, still the Filipino woman's chief concern. There she reigns supreme. As the holder of the family purse, she is also the budgeteer and business executive of the household. This privilege she jealously guards for herself.

Outside of the home and the professions, she engages in a multitude of other activities-in business, in industry, in the arts. As a civic-minded citizen, she interests herself in everything that contributes to social betterment-in health, sanitation, morals, government and religion.

She makes her influence felt in the community and the nation through such well-known movements as the Women's Clubs, of which there is a national federation, the Young Women's Christian Association, Camp Fire Girls, Girl Scouts, Girl Reserves, Women's Leagues, and various other social, civic and welfare societies.

Her intellectual and cultural contribution to the life of the nation through the schools is, of course, incalculable. No less significant is the part she plays in authorship and journalism. In Manila, the capital city, alone, several important, widelycirculated journals are run exclusively by women. She is an indispensable collaborator in all the outstanding organs of the Filipino press.

But, important as these roles are, more vital and far-reaching still is the function she exercises in

A Japanese Christian

_.1!if I By K. UNOURA, Los Angeles, California I ~.- EVERY achievement in the realm of human the burning desire to share their Christian life progress is the child of an adventure. Some- with these strangers. The truth of this is re- one had dreamed and left others sleeping to emphasized in the history of the Japanese Chrisfollow the gleam. They braved the dangers and tian Institute, in Los Angeles, which was estabprivations; they dared the impossible; and their lished and nurtured by the Disciples of Christ.

deeds are as beacon lights along the trail calling Perhaps the largest Japanese community on the others to follow. Who can read without thrill of Pacific Coast, in fact in the United States, is in the Pilgrim Fathers and their battles against the Los Angeles County, Southern California. It is open seas without the guide of the compass? estimated that there are at least 65,000 in this From that historic day to this busy, bustling, area and that fully 25,000 of this number reside present day of ease and comfort pilgrims have in the city of Los Angeles. In earlier days the been wending their way from every land under Japanese immigrants were almost entirely single the sun to this land of opportunity. Each has young men. They needed Christian home influ- come with his secret ambition, his dream of ence and friendship, as well as spiritual guidance achievement, for all come as adventurers. The and comfort.

Japanese joined the immigrant trail leading to In 1904 Mr. B. F. Coulter, minister of the the United States following 1880 when Chinese Broadway Christian Church of Los Angeles saw labor was restricted by law. a vision and fostered a project, in friendliness, When the first group of the Japanese came to for these homeless young men who were coming America in the year 1870 the Pacific Coast was in larger numbers in those days. Night school still· in its pioneer stage, for California was not classes were organized for the study of English admitted to the Union until 1850. Gold had been and the Bible under the leadership of a returned discovered during 1848 and the famous Gold Rush missionary from Japan. The group soon grew beof 1849 followed. A great westward migration cause of the evangelistic spirit within it and could had started. The gold seekers were not interested not be accommodated within the limited space pro- in the ordinary tasks. So someone must cultivate vided. In 1905 a new center was established, the fields. To meet this need the Japanese were which also served as a home for these young men.

invited to come. In 1907 the Christian Women's Board of Missions Being totally strangers in a strange land, they undertook the responsibility of this ever growing knew little or practically nothing of the language, and worthy enterprise.

customs, or the modes of living. These handicaps On the first Sunday of April, 1908, ten Japanese made them targets for unprincipled people who men organized themselves into a church. The would prey upon newcomers and take advantage need for a Christian home was becoming felt so of their lack of knowledge in things American. strongly that one was established at a new loca- Accordingly, many Japanese were embittered by tion. In the winter of 1909, work had progressed treatment received at the hand of some Americans to the extent that a call was extended to Mr. Teizo in those days. Nor has that method of treatment Kawai, to come from Japan and become the shep- entirely': ceased even to this day. herd of this little flock. Work grew more rapidly We are grateful, however, that all the Ameri- in the few years that followed and eventually the cans were not that way. For good Christian peo- needs also increased, so that in 1911 the property pIe' in many communities recognized in these on Wall Street near the City Produce Market was strangers an opportunity to render Christlike purchased.- service. They have heard Jesus saying, "I was a Three years later a three~story brick building, stranger, and you took me in. Inasmuch as you with a basement, was erected on the Wall Street did it unto one of the least of these . . . you did property by the Christian Women's Board of Mis- it unto me." sions. This building was the Centennial Memorial The story of the Japanese Christian churches of the Christian women of ,this state. In Novem- in America is generally woven around the lives of ber, 1914, hosts of friends gathered to dedicate some consecrated American Christians who had this new Japanese Christian Institute. Suitable [364 ] equipment and facilities were provided for the dergarten reached its peak of 65, clubs and rec- physical, social, educational, and spiritual growth. reational programs were organized for the grow- Many enterprising young men began to· establish ing boys and girls. Due to the rapid Americani- their homes in the immediate neighborhood of the zation of these children, it was often difficult for Institute. Soon it became advisable to organize parents to understand their children and to re- sewing and cooking classes for the newly arrived lieve this situation a Japanese Language School wives of these young men, and a kindergarten was was established in the summer of 1925, which was instituted for little children. Many other features supported by the parents. This is staffed by a of service were added to the program (e. g. dor- group of teachers whose Christian interest and mitory with 17 rooms and 23 beds, cafeteria, cooperation help develop Christian character in barber shop, bath rooms, employment office, li- the children, as well as furthering the graded club brary, game room, gymnasium, and a chapel) work.

which as we look back add a great deal of color These children grew into youth and as the years to the story. passed have accepted more and more of the duties Up to this time the Christian Women's Board and responsibilities of the church. A leader was of Missions had supported the work but in 1919 needed to give full time to the ministry with the this work became a part of the United Christian oncoming generation of young people, and so in Missionary Society as it brought all mission 1930 a graduate of California Christian College, boards under a united management in that year. Mr. Charles Severns, a well-trained young man No exclusion law was in effect and so a normal was employed for this much needed service. By flow of the Japanese immigration had continued his wise advice and direction, in January, 1933, which helped to add new members to the Church. these young people organized themselves into a During this period such noted evangelists as Rev. Young People's Church, with its own official S. Kimura and Paul Kanamori visited Los An- board, and assumed a considerable amount of geles, and stayed at the Institute for a number of financial obligations. It is interesting to note that days, and many men and women were received a graduate of the first kindergarten class who had into the Church. The evangelistic spirit was kept been active in club and church school and is now burning and the church life reached its peak. a promising young business man of the city was One time the membership was more than 300. In chosen as president of this Junior Board. Most 1923, Mr. Kawai was released from the pastorate of its members, church school teachers and club of Los Angeles Church to the rural districts of leaders, have come through the various depart- Southern California, and K. Unoura, the present ments of the church.

pastor, was called from Berkeley. The church and its many activities completely Constantly through the years the staff of work- outgrew its first home on Wall Street. Finally, ers has included "returned" missionaries who for in 1929, it was possible through the efforts of the health or other reasons had found it impossible to Mission Board and the generosity of California remain in Japan. Because of their experience in friends to build an educational building on a new the homeland of these people they have been bet- site at 822 East 20th Street and many aided with ter able to help in the problems of adjustment to its equipment. Plans were then begun for the American life. Mr. H. H. Guy was among the new church which was completed in May, 1931.

pioneers in this work and Mr. B. E. Watson came The women's missionary societies and councils of to work beside Mr. Unoura when he became pas- Missouri by $25,000 of their Golden Jubilee Fund tor. Miss Polly Dye, of missionary parentage, contributed the larger share to which was added who took charge of the kindergarten about this gifts of California friends which made possible a time has made an unusual contribution because of beautiful two-story stucco church building. The her close contract with the homes. The Kinder- Japanese members and friends contributed $2,500 garten Mother's Club has helped to bring many for furnishings. It has an attractive chapel with of the parents into church fellowship. Miss Dye a pipe organ, a social hall, a church parlor with a was also able because of her friends in other fireplace, parlors for mothers and girls, a game churches of the city to help bring about many room and a library, besides a playground in the friendly contacts. Soon after Mr. Unoura became rear, with four lots, extending 160 feet in front pastor the church became self-supporting while and 150 deep, full of light and fresh air.

the Missionary Society continued to support the Weare grateful to those Christian pioneers who educational workers. laid the foundation of this Christian enterprise, This period is characterized as a time of rapid and for the fellowship of many American friends development of the second generation, leading to with their prayers and financial support; we the establishment of the church of the future. covet the fellowship of American churches, so The Sunday school grew from a mere handful to that in the end we may together establish the enrolment of 250 and thoroughly graded, the kin- Kingdom of God on earth. Effective Ways of Working 'Tested Methods for Increasing Interest at Home EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO PLANS AND POLICIES FOR About a Minute-A reminder of the a common purpose. There should lovely things in life that require result a diffused instead of a PROGRAM MAKERS only a minute to do and yet mean specialized interest confined to so much to those for whom they are well-defined groups. The Rev. Before shaping up your sched- done. ules or yearbooks for the au- Mr. Price writes in substance: tumn opening, glance over our Grandfather's Clock-Song. bargain counter and see if there Telling Time-Brief talk on how time A really active missionary commitis not something you may profitably use. All our offerings are has been told through the ages. tee is versatile and conversant with attested by practical trial in In a Clock Store-Phonograph record. the needs of each department of some department of church ac- Pastime-Charades of proverbs on tivity. church life. They should be capable Time. Once Upon a Time-Missionary story. of directing the educational policy of Spare Time-Impromptu three-minute the whole endeavor. They should rec- talks on "What I would do with 24 ommend books and helps, music, pic- hours of absolutely spare time over and above what other people had." tures, arrange for lectures, mission- For Such a Time as This-Inspira- The Year's Keynote tional address based on story of ary plays, concerts or any other kind Queen Esther, and emphasizing the missionary appeal and the responsi- of meeting for spreading real knowl- bility of Christians today. Is this the time, 0 Church of Christ, edge of the work and needs, inviting Each guest was given an at- the membership to contribute such to sound retreat? . tractive mimeographed program To arm with weapons cheap and blunt appropriately decorated wit h service as they are fitted for. Thus outline drawings of an hour The men and women who have borne glass and a clock tower. the choir might be advised of some good cantata or other special music; the brunt It is noteworthy that the pro- Of truth's fierce strife and nobly held gram on "June Brides" recently the Sunday school teachers have rec- exploited in this department their ground? won the second prize in the same ommended to them a series of lessons contest. Is this the time to halt when all suitable for the various ages and in- The Missionary Committee around and Its Work terests; a missionary library should Horizons lift, new destinies confront, It is surprising how many be formed and popularized; mission pastors are still leaving the mis- Stern duties wait our nation, never sionary plans and interests of study courses and schools of missions their churches to hit-or-miss may be promoted; members can be wont luck, with a "catch as catch can," To play the laggard when God's will hodge podge result without fo- asked to serve as collectors, distribu- cus or integration. Rev. Watcyn was found? M. Price, of Wrexham, Wales, tors of magazines or notices of meet- outlines the needs and duties of ings, actors in missionary pageants No! rather strengthen stakes and the church missionary commit- tee. He says that this commit- and dramas, visitors in homes of the lengthen cords. tee ought to represent every de- shut-ins, etc. Enlarge thy plans and gifts, 0 thou partment of the church's life and activities, inclusive of the Such a committee as this can help elect, Sunday school and the young to create a perfect harmony between people. It should not only coor- And to the kingdom come for such a dinate the several plans and have all the different sections of the church general supervision over them time! but radiate enthusiasm to them and that on behalf of World-Evangel- The earth with all its fulness is the all as they make a drive toward ization. Get the very best people to Lord's; [366 ] act on your committee. . Great things attempt for Him, great things expect. THAT ANNUAL BUSINESS Whose love imperial is, whose power MEETING! sublime. -Lutheran Woman's Work.' Under the title of "Fun and Fellowship Inject Life into the A Blue Ribbon Program Annual Meeting," Church Busi- ness describes the usual attitude In the annual program contest toward annual reports, election conducted by Miss Elizabeth I. of officers, etc., as "a bugbear to Fensom, of the Baptist Litera- be avoided." Even if the dinner ture Bureau, the first prize was device to bring out the people is awarded to the "Co-Workers" of a success, the business meetings the Fourth Church, Minneapolis, remain as dull as ever. The need who submitted "A Meeting on is for an injection of more life Time" that had been preceded into the session. Rev. C. Sumby a bon voyage dinner listed on ner Osgood, of White Plains, N. the program as "Dinner Time." Y., writes: The other items were: One year we had a "Campfire Meet- Keeping Time-Group singing. ing." A preliminary letter was sent Right Now-Business. Watchwords-Devotional.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

to the officers and chairmen asking of forty-two churches (two of them an aid to missionary interest them to use the campfire idea in com- . Negro) representing eight denomipiling their reports. . . . For the natIOns, hold two union functions a among young folks. "Bob the meeting itself, a campfire was easily year, one of a general nature in the Stamper" – himself a "fan"- constructed in the center of the room fall and the other on the annual Day exploits the stamp album as a by concealing red lights under a pile of Prayer. It was decided last fall to key to history by way of memoof wood. We sat around this and have a "World's Fair of Missions" sang, talked and enjoyed the refresh- with booths displaying missionary ar- rial stamps, cancellations of vaments-and held a business meeting rious states and countries with ticles from many lands. Committees almost without knowing it. The main for the several booths were appointed changes in spelling of names as items of the program were: from the different denominatIOns, as- signing fields, as nearly as possible, a clew to the past; to biography Warming Up (songs led by chorister). according to the special denomina- and literature, art and science, The Spell of the Firelight (prayer by tional interests, realizing, of course, as great men in all lines are me- that some denominations are doing morialized; to current events, pastor). work among many peoples. like "A Century of Progress," Ashes from Last Year (minutes from but best of all to missions, as the The exhibits were remarkable for features of foreign nations be- last meeting). their variety and beauty, having been Cord Wood (clerk's report). assembled from the collections of mis- come a call to the heralds of the Back Log (treasurer's report). sionaries and world travelers as well. Great Commission. At the head Seasoned Fuel (the church board). Many articles were of such value that of Boy's department is a jolly Crackling of the Flames (choir re- the city gave special police protection. In addltion to the booths, large charts little cut showing the head of port) . were placed about the room giving Uncle Sam in the midst of faces, Live Coals (the Sunday school). missionary statistics of the various Mongolian, Turkish, Negroid, Smoke (men's club). groups represented. At irregular in- Flame (women's association). tervals throughout the afternoon and Latin-American, etc. An article Kindling (young women's organiza- evening of the exhibition, a musical supplementing this is written by program was presented suitable to Una Roberts Lawrence telling tion) . the different countries and missionary how a devout man of her ac- Fuel Hunter (church visitor). talks given by as many missionaries quaintance, wanting to link up Sparks (Christian Endeavor). as could be procured, refreshments his study of the Bible with the Snappy Little Spa r k I e r s (Boy being served from one special booth, family stamp album as a means these latter being characteristic of of inculcating love for the Book Scouts). the countries. Thus, there were tea of books in his grandchildren, Bundles of Good Wood (committee re- for China, coffee for South America, wrote on each left-hand page a candy stuffed with dates for India, ports) . bread and butter sandwiches for verse of Scripture to fit the Matches (pastor). North America, candied corn for In- Bringing in the New Fuel (election dians, peanuts for the Negroes, cocoa- of officers and new business). Passing Around the Smiles (every- body). Handing Out the Rations (refresh- ments) .

Next year the idea centered around nut for the islands, etc. Small por- stamps on the right, manifesting the U. S. Government. All formality tions only were served as this was a an ingenuity almost incredible. dropped away when we began to think Thus miniature stamp scenes of of ourselves as the U. S. Senate or special food display as part of the ex- hibit-tea in real Chinese canisters, perhaps as the President's Cabinet. whole coffee beans in a South Ameri- mountains are correlated with Our metaphors were a little mixed can bowl, Japanese lilies made from and often not entirely governmental, vari-colored paper napkins, decora- "I will lift up mine eyes unto the but the program was a great success. hills," etc. Numerous stamps The Department of the Treasury tions of artificial cherry blossoms, etc. with cuts of wild animals are Cu!todians of the booths and also never had a better hearing. The De- speakers were, in many cases, in the lined up with "For every beast partment of the Interior appropriately native costumes. ,An item of special interest from a of the field is mine," etc. The closed the meeting with refreshments. flower stamps and their verses Our program included an opening by near-by industrial center was the apa U. S. chaplain (pastor), Bureau of pearance of an Americanization group are almost too beautiful for Permanent Records (minutes), Bu- consisting of children of different nareau of the Census (clerk), Secretary tionalities dressed in the native cos- words, likewise the trees, the of the Treasury, the United Songsters tumes of their parents. birds, the eagles (of which lat- (choir) , Department of Education At nine o'clock all repaired to the ter there was a whole page) and (Sunday school), Secretary of State auditorium where a formal pageant even the automobiles and other (foreign affairs-missionary commit- closed the day. No charge had been tee), Youth Movement (Christian En- made for admission but an offering vehicles, whose balancing verse deavor), Department of Essential was received at the door. An audi- is, "The chariots shall race in the Industries (w 0 men's association), ence or more than 800 people was streets, they shall jostle against Commissioners of Good Works (men's present and at least 150 others had club), Department of Vis ita t ion helped in major or minor degree to one another in the broad ways: (church visitor), Distribution of Con- they shall seem like torches, they make the project a great success. The gressional Report No. 1929 (denomi- Negroes and the Negro music were shall run like lightning." (Nanational handbook), Electoral College taken care of by the colored folk them- hum 2: 4.) Equally ingenious o(eflethcteioInntoefrioofrf.ic*ers), and Department selves, the other musical numbers and is the page of airplanes, whose the parts in the pageant being as- signed among the several denomina- correlate is, "Thou liftest me up An International Missionary tions. to the wind: thou causest me to Project Stamp Collecting as a ride upon it." (Job 30: 22.) Method For a page of Zeppelins there is By MRS. MAUDE FAHS AURAND, this verse: "Who are these that Wheeling, West Virginia Miss Juliette Mather, editor fly as a cloud?" (Isa. 60: 8). Our Interdenominational Mission- of World Comrades, is featuring Ships, w ate r fall s, bridges, ary Federation in this city, consisting a department in her monthly churches, charity stamps, special Negro stamps – all have their • (J/1IU:rch, Business, The Duplex Envelope called "The Stamp Corner" as Co., Richmond, Va. Copyrighted.

counterparts from the Scrip- to each young woman. After a "Ah Fu-A Chinese River Boy" tures. hymn, "Lord Speak to Me," the (50c); "Ah Fu and Me Too" older members get candles and (25c); "The Pilgrim's Party" What a thrill this well-nigh form a circle into which the ($1.50) . universal hobby gives, and how membership chairman leads the fitting it is thus to capitalize a recruits. The president lights KEEPING OUR COLLEGE STUnatural instinct of early youth the candle of the member stand- DENTS MISSIONARY: A young and even mature life in the in- ing next to her and the light is missionary corresponding secreterests of Bible study and the passed on during the repetition tary tells in The Woman's Misspread of Christ's Kingdom of Scripture verses on Light. sionary Friend how her interest throughout the earth! The president next steps into the in her home church and its ob- inner circle, lights candles of jectives was kept alive while she Special Plans for the Young new members, those of the outer was in college. Now and then a Folks circle stepping apart and mak- friendly letter would come from ing room for each recruit as she some missionary-minded woman STEWARDSHIP DECLAMATIONS: receives her light (lights in at home telling the church news room all turned out during this and all about its local activities From W.orld Comrades comes ceremony) .. The president says but adding eye-opening facts that by the lighting of the candle about the Church-at-Iarge, espealso this device for inculcating as a symbol, each one may be- cially in its missionary enterthe principles of Christian stew- come a consecrated member of prises and new endeavors. Not ardship in the youth of various the circle, adding to its luster infrequently an apropos clipping ages. A Stewardship Declama- and receiving radiance in re- from a periodical was inserted. tion Contest, in the course of turn. A closing prayer and a Once the young woman was its pleasing, friendly rivalry, hymn, "Father of Lights," ends asked to be friendly with a for- "teaches tithing to the young this impressive ceremony. eign student on her campus people who study to participate, whom the lady back home knew and through them to the adults MISSIONARY SERVICE FLAGS to be lonely. Again she was told who listen to their practice and FOR YOUNG PEOPLE: This may of a noted missionary speaker presentation." Sunbeam Bands be used as handwork for juniors who was soon to address her stu- (small children) will memorize or even younger children. On a dent body and the hope was exone or the other of two series of special flag, silver and gold stars pressed that she would be sure Scripture verses given in the are pasted and upon these are to hear this speaker. This went magazine. Juniors will select superimposed, one by one, small on in an informal, friendly way one of the talks provided in a pictures of all missionaries all through college; and after leaflet of stewardship talks and whom the children have seen or her graduation the student said give it as a memorized declama- studied about or who have gone it seemed the most natural thing tion. Intermediates are required out from their state, silver be- in the world for her to fit into to select one or the other topic, ing used for those still living. As the missionary life, so that in a "The Lord's Tithe" or "What the a variant from this, children few years she had become the Tithe Can Do" and write a five- may mount and frame cut-out corresponding secretary for one minute essay on it. Young peo- pictures of missionaries and put of the large branches of the ple above that grade are re- them up around the room in work. There is a great art in quired to give an original seven- which meetings are held. keeping missions normal, not minute talk on the stewardship spectacular and occasional. of possessions, based on one of CHINESE RHYMES FOR CHILthe following topics: "The Chris- DREN: This little volume is a THE "COLLEGE ABROAD" MOVEtian's Money Matters" ; "The successor to "Chinese Mother MENT OF THE MET HOD 1ST Frankincense of Giving"; "The Goose Rhymes," by Isaac Taylor CHURCH. A program is being Power of the Tithe"; "Filling Headlam, and gives attractive the Lord's Treasury." Judges- rhymes translated from the Chi- carefully evolved to meet this wise folk not related to any of nese for children from four to need among young people. Youth the contestants-are to be se- twelve years old. Conundrums is in power in the Orient. The lected from outside the church, in rhyme, illustrations on every growing spirit of nationalism recommunity and denomination, page, a delightful oriental air quires native leadership. Young different sets to be provided for and a childish lure make this a college graduates are the only the several age groups. volume every child will enjoy. ones trained to meet the de- (Fleming H. Revell Co., $2.00.) mands of the new day dawning THE RECOGNITION OF NEW in the East. The question is not, MEMBERS IN A YOUNG WOMAN'S BOOKS OF INTEREST TO PRI- "Shall the young people lead?" MISSIONARY SOCIETY: This plan MARY AND KINDERGARTEN CHIL- They are leading. The vital quescomes from the United Lutheran DREN: "Children of the Great tions are, "Shall the young hand Church. The chairman of the Spirit" (Indian, price, $1.00); at the helm be Christian?" and, membership committee presents Chinese Children of Woodcut- "What is our responsibility for the new recruits to the president ter's Lane" (S5c); "The Trea- these struggling young patriots and the latter makes a suitable sure Ship Sails East" ($2.00); across the sea?" welcoming speech outlining the objectives and some of the details, then a flower is presented BULLETIN OF The Council of Women, for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK ~~I==============================.~ FOR PEACE THE TRIUMPH OF War Will Disappear When the In the Order for Morning GOODWILL People Decide that the Prayer, Daily throughout the Time Has Come! Year there are three collects; The Church School Union of the first of the Day, specially ap- Queens Village, Bellaire, and The Marathon Round Tables pointed; the second, for Peace; Bellerose, New York, presented 1934 have for objective to dethe third, for Grace to live well. The Triumph of Goodwill, a velop and clarify public opinion, Pageant-Drama, by Jennie Cart- to make public opinion function, And the two last collects shall land Callister, in Hollis Masonic and to decide how organized never alter, but daily be said at Temple May 18, commemorating public opinion can protect the Morning Prayer throughout the Goodwill Day. The cooperating world against war. This can be year, as followeth; all kneeling. schools were from two Baptist achieved if men and women in The Second Collect, for Peace churches, one Evangelical Re- each community, large and small agree to try the conference o God, who art the author of formed, one Methodist Episco- method in which by logic and pal, one Congregational and two agreement the best ways to propeace and lover of concord, in Lutheran churches. The pageant ceed are· found. The general knowledge of whom standeth subject for 1934 is "The Evolv- shows by historical scenes the ing Foreign Policy of the United our eternal life, whose service is futility of armed force and preperfect freedom; defend us thy sents the claims of Goodwill as States." Such questions as, Is a method of maintaining peace isolation possible or desirable? humble servants in all assaults among the nations. The histori- Can we have permanent national of our enemies; that we, surely cal episodes are bound together recovery without international trusting in thy defence, may not by well selected music. The play cooperation? Granted that the closes with an effective appeal desire of the government and its fear the power of any adver- for the release of Goodwill, and saries ; through the might of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.

"Whose Service Is Perfect the whole assembly "pledging people is for world peace and se- Freedom" prayers and consecrating our- curity, what policies have been selves" to fulfill the mission of in harmony with this objective? Truly, in every age and every securing the triumph of Good- What policies have delayed its clime' and among many peoples will. achievement? By what immesome men experience the truth diate steps could the government of "service that is perfect free- The various episodes were turn our policy toward this obdom" while the many seeking prepared by the church schools. jective? What can individuals freedom by violence against each The occasion was a community and local organizations do to upother find themselves desper- gathering of young and old in hold and strengthen the developately bound. And there is no full participation. The admis- ment of a constructive foreign hope in them! policy? What are you doing in sion fee of twenty-five cents Listen to Rabindranath Ta- your community? gore in "Fruit-Gathering" ex- doubtless covered the five-dollar The Peace Service, "On What press the same truth in other royalty and other expenses. language, yet the same experi- Mrs. Callister, who was present, Peace Depends," prepared by ence caught in poetry: spoke simply of the immediate Mrs. Pierson P. Harris, and need for practicing goodwill in published by the International "What is there but the sky, 0 Sun, our hearts, homes, communities, Relations Committee of the that can hold thine image?" and nation. One of the young Council of Women for Home Missions, Foreign Missions Con- "I dream of thee, but to serve thee, I members of the community had ference Committee on Women's can never hope." The dewdrop prepared a poster on The New Work, and the National Council wept and said, "I am too small to of Federated Church Women, is take thee unto me, great Lord, and Patriotism. Invitation was ex- ready for distribution and use at my life is all fears." a cost of 2c apiece or $1.50 per tended to all present to partici- hundred. They may be ordered "I illumine the limitless sky, yet I can pate in the NO MORE WAR yield myself up to a tiny drop of parade on the following day. from any denominational Head- dew," thus the Sun said, "I shall Further information concerning quarters. become but a sparkle of light and the pageant-play can be secured fill you, and your little life will be from the editor. a laughing orb."

[369 ] COMMUNITY WORLD Thus it is community spirit in- accompanied by the young peo- spired by the thought of actual ple of the church to a picnic site FRIENDSHIP WEEK goodwill that binds a people to- in the country. Games, stunts, Did you ever try a World gether. a steak fry help to get everyone Friendship week in your com- acquainted. Each student is a munity? In 1932, the Religious St. Matthew records t hat guest in a private home. Jesus said, "For where two or Education Committee of the three are gathered together in The Sunday school hears brief Council of Churches of Canan- my name, there am I in the messages from the students and daigua, New York, had such a midst of them." Jesus also said, week. Thus the program ap- "Arise, and be not afraid! If ye each attends one of the classes. know these things, happy are ye The guests participate in the peared as a normal part of the if ye do them." regular Sunday morning church task of religious education. Cooperation with Parent-Teachers' VITAL HOME CONTACTS service for which an internagroups added to the success of FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS tionally known speaker is sethe week. The week's plans in- cured. After Sunday dinner the cluded sermons in all the By far the most permanent students may take short motor churches the first Sunday morn- and transforming contribution rides or hikes. Motion pictures ing on the theme "Religious Edu- to the life of foreign students is are taken, and ten different forcation as a basis of World made in our homes. Formal tea ums are conducted, on as many Friendship." Union Young Peo- parties, luncheons and dinners different countries; these forums· ple's Service with lunch preced- are useful but not very effective are led by the foreign students, ing was held, at which time the in establishing real friendship. and some lively questions and possibility of world peace in the Guest students do appreciate an discussions result. A farewell present generation was dis- invitation to spend a week-end supper in the parish house, with cussed. Over seventy school pu- or a longer period with an brief messages by the foreign pils were in poster contests us- American family. students, closes the day's proing the theme "World Friend- gram. ship and World Peace." There In the suburban churches were special movies such as around New York, Philadelphia, The principal reasons for the "The Broken Lullaby," and for Boston, Chicago, and other met- success of this project are the the children "Around the World ropolitan centers, much enthusi- early and careful local planning in Eighty Minutes." In the his- asm for acquaintance with for- by the Educational Director; tory classes there was study of eign students is being mani- the budget appropriation, allow.- the growth of peace movements fested. A well organized annual ing a small grant to each foreign as in the Kellogg-Briand pact, week-end conference in May has student, covering expenses; and the League of Nations, World been promoted by the initiative careful selection of students by the Committee in New York.

Court. The grade school chil- of the Director of the Educa- Foreign students enjoy this dren dramatized "Good Will the tional Department of Prospect sort of a week-end because they Magician" and similar themes. Presbyterian Church in Maple- are not "being entertained," but Prominent citizens wrote on sub- wood, New Jersey. The Friendly are really contributing much to jects related to World Peace for Relations Committee Am 0 n g a better appreciation of their Foreign Students in New York countries and culture. . the newspapers. In addition, there was a World cooperates in discovering and Why not greatly multiply the Friendship Exhibit held in a va- enlisting ten foreign students, number of projects of this kind? cant store room in the busy part each representing a country. Let the Friendly Relations Comof town. Here a large map of They are welcomed in Maple- mittee, 347 Madison Avenue, the world indicated the peace wood Saturday afternoon and New York, help you.

movements at work (and not the dangerous war areas), flags of all nations, books for teachers on World Friendship, posters by children of other lands, posters on peace and goodwill made by Canandaigua boys and girls.

Transparencies of Dutch and Japanese life also made in the schools were hung in the win- dows.. One's imagination readily supplIes other details essential to the observance of such a week.

As far as is known, "no individ- ualand no organization refused to cooperate in this community project. The whole city was thinking and talking Peace." GUEiSTS ATTENDING O'ON'FEmENCE , MAPLEWOOD, 1933

OF THE PACIFIC confessed to the boy that it was established. With real

through lack of love she had corrected spirit this young man, while In the New Hebrides him so harshly. Needless to say he pursuing his studies, has been was touched by this humility and ac- instrumental in gathering a The Australian Presbyterian knowledged his fault. congregation which is now con- Mission in the New Hebrides re- sidered as an organized church. ports that the government is Important Church in Samoa making further efforts for the -Philippine Presbyterian. welfare of the native popula- For nearly ninety years there tion: has been a Protestant Church Philippine Council in Apia for Europeans. Last (a) In Malekula two British sub- year nine half-castes and one The first report of the Philipjects and a French citizen were fined New Zealander joined this pine Council (founded 1933), for supplying alcohol to natives. church. Rev. H. S. Perkins eleven denominational organiza- writes that in a year of political tions, has just been made public. (b) A British subject, John Steph- unrest, and the deepest depres- It was formed by mission ens, of South Santo, was sentenced by sion in trade, the churches in his boards, realizing the need of the British National Court at Vila to district have maintained their united and continuous study of a year's imprisonment with hard la- reputation for generous giving the needs, progress and opporbor for cruelly ill-treating a young by raising for church purposes tunities of this field. It intends girl worker on his plantation. £200 more than last year. The to review periodically all the total was equal to that of a good work of cooperating boards. (c) Quite recently the people who year in prosperous times. at South Santo the Christmas before The Philippine Council began last were driven from their village This church serves as a bridge functioning April 1, with E. W. and land by a young Frenchman, have between Samoans and Euro- Higdon of Manila as secretary. been authorized to re-occupy their peans. The Council advises the publicaholding without molestation till the tion of a single Christian evan- Land Court may deal with Santo -The Chronicle (L. M. S.) gelistic paper in English. It lands. recommends that lay leadership Largest Evangelical Church be prepared for communities Punishment of a minor nature has in Philippines that cannot support paid Chrisbeen inflicted by the Condominium tian leaders. The several de- Government Courts on some men who With a record of almost con- nominations at home are urged have supplied liquor to natives; but tinuous state of revival for over to see that Filipinos in the in some cases the illegal recruiting of thirty years, the church in United States receive more native women remains unchecked. Guijulngan remains the largest, friendly attention from the There seems to be no place where the and in point of organization, one churches, particularly in areas Government can be said to be fully of the most effective of Presby- on the Pacific coast, Chicago and effective in the control of abuses. terian churches in the Philip- other centers. pines. The two Malahay broth- Papuans Are Learning ers, Silliman students, organized The Council records its atti- meetings in their home in 1903, tude toward Philippine inde- Miss Mary Abel, of the New which, in 1909, resulted in the pendence: Guinea Evangelization Society, formation of a church with 448 writes that in the work among members. The brothers have In the establishment of a govern- 176 boys and girls at Kwato been the only pastors of this ment in which the Filipino people (one of the stations), eleven church, now numbering over should have both legislative and ad- Papuan monitors, all Christian, 2,000. Much of this achieve- ministrative responsibilities we believe are being given increasing re- ment is due to "Mother Mala- that before independence is effected the sponsibility, so that they may be hay," who learned to read her following provisions should be safeable to take charge of the work. Bible at the age of 70. All her guarded, namely, an international Miss Abel says: children are active in Christian agreement neutralizing the whole is- service, either as ministers or as land territory; a reciprocity agree- This is by no means easy. The officers in the church. A grand- ment relative to duties and quotas on Papuan hates to appear different from son, now in Silliman, asked for imports with equal economic advanhis neighbors, and has the natural dis- evangelistic work and was as- tages, thus avoiding an undue influence like of being unpopular. These moni- signed a field about one year ago by a few American producers; a retors have to report anything they fa.r to the south, where no per- ciprocal immigration agreement based think to be wrong, and may have to manent organization had been on quota policy now governing such punish those who do wrong, which relations with other peoples; a plan does not win popularity. One of the [371 ] for protecting the rights of minorities girl monitors who had shown little true in the Islands. love for those under her, one day corrected one of the older school boys for -Christian Advocate. breaking a law, and did it in a manner which caused a hasty retort. The next morning the monitor realized that she had failed her Master, and, though it cost her all her pride, she

NORTH AMERICA ground, among them the Presby- ference held last spring was the terians, with an apparent de- best in years. The North Caro- A Missionary Looks at U. S. crease of 42,456, and the Con- lina, Georgia, and Alabama Con- gregationalist-Christians, with a ferences were interracial in A missionary who returned to loss of 22,213. In some cases character, and the South Caro- America after six years in In- this decrease is due to a clarify- lina Union for the first time cardia, and visited the churches in ing of church rolls by a removal ried through a conference charhis own land writes: "Arriving of inactive names. The Roman acterized by Christian interrain this country two years ago, I Catholic Church is still the larg- cial fellowship. Students were soon became convinced that In- est single denomination in the present from some twenty coldia is in no greater need of country, with a total member- leges and as many as 175 people Christianization than America. ship of 20,324,144, including all were in some of the sessions. There seemed to be no place in baptized children. Among Protthe church where the Spirit of estant denominational groups No effort is made to conceal God could break out. A year in the Baptists lead, with a mem- from students the fact that Teachers' College, New York, bership of 9,866,209; and the boards are not sending out many only increased the sense of ur- Methodists next, with a mem- new missionaries. This situagency. There seemed need for bership of 8,766,017. tion is made a challenge to stua movement, like Indian Na- dents to assume an ever larger tionalism, which would cut deep The report shows a total of share of responsibility for seeinto the life of the church, be 299,518 ministers in the United ing that the Church goes forpurifying in power, and make States, while the number of ward with its God-given mis- Christianity frankly repudiate churches is 242,011. That is, sionary task. There is a steadily the guilt of our day; that would there are 2,493 more churches increasing number of students, bring conviction, repentance and than ministers but many of these with a deep Christian conviction conversion, with a new content. churches are small missions. and a sense of world-wide mis- It would be individual, as it only The report shows conclusively sion, who are determined that could be, but it must be as social that the Church is steadily pro- the future shall be different as redemption, as Christ's Cross. gressing, and is still the nation's from the present. Devoted ministers and laymen greatest going concern. are saying something must be Meeting on Religious Liberty done, but often there is a feeling "Egg-a-Meal" for the Minister of futility. More than ever New conditions in various there is need of Christian awak- Rev. George Dorey, D.D., of lands are restricting religious ening in America." Regina, Saskatchewan, recently freedom especially in regard to visited a church in the "dried teaching the Gospel, including -World Methodist Press. out area" of western Canada, where for four consecutive years preaching and religious educa- Membership Increasing the crops have failed, with every tion, missionary schools and indication for worse failure in property rights. According to The Christian 1934. Dr. Dorey found there is Herald annual report of church still interest in maintaining the Increasing restriction is due statistics, prepared by Dr. church and Sunday school. to nationalism, to a resentment George Linn Kieffer, president or fear of the liberalizing influof the Association of American "One man said they had got a ence of Protestantism, to the ef- Religious Statisticians in 1933, number of farmers to promise fect of a monopolistic religionreligious bodies showed a total an 'Egg-A-Meal' for the min- as Catholicism or Mohammenet gain of 655,482. The total ister's salary. This would mean danism – to active irreligion, of membership in all denomina- nearly two dozen eggs a week and to the monopolistic view of tions reached 60,812,874. The per family to be turned in at the the state and to other causes. proportion of church members store where the minister and his to the total population of the family buy their groceries. In- An advisory group of the In- United States showed a gain quiring about the price of eggs ternational Missionary Council from 46.60% in 1926, and I was told they were ten cents a was called to meet on May 10 48.19% in 1932, to 48.3770 in dozen, with every prospect of under the leadership of Dr. 1933. This seems to refute the being lower." Joseph P. Chamberlain, Profesmagazine articles which en- sor of Law Drafting at Columdeavor to prove that the Church The Volunteer Movement bia University, to discuss these is losing ground. questions and the following per- Interest in the Christian meS– sons reported. Dr. John A. The largest increase was by sage and task, and especially in Mackay on Mexico; Dr. Fred F. the Methodists with a total gain Christian missions, continues to Goodsell on Turkey; Dr. Robert of 213,662. The Baptists were grow in student circles, wher- S. McClenahan on Egypt; Dr. second, with a gain of 193,571. ever the staff of the Student Guy S. Inman on Peru; Dr. P. Other increases were shown by Volunteer Movement secretaries H. J. Lerrigo on Congo; Dr. A. the Lutherans, 65,782, and the have been able to help. Reports L. Warnshuis on China and Miss Roman Catholics, 53,426. Some indicate that the Connecticut Helen Clarkson Miller gave her denominations, apparently lost Valley Student Volunteer Con- observations in the Near East.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christian-Jewish Seminar and 1,513 letters were for- mountains. He settled near what warded. Seventeen missing sea- is now Salem, Oregon, and be- Last April in Toronto the first men were located and brought gan his missionary work. His Canadian Seminar on Christian- in contact with their relatives. arrival antedated the coming of Jewish Relations was held. It Free instruction in English was any Protestant party by two was attended by leading Cana- given in classes meeting twice a years, and the planting of the dian laymen and clergymen, week for over five months of the first Catholic Mission by four both Jewish and Christian. The year, and thousands of dollars years.-Christian Advocate. speakers emphasized that only was handled for the sailors. by a genuine desire on the part About $92,000 was handled for LATIN AMERICA of both Jew and Gentile to un- seamen in one way or another. derstand and help each other can The attendance at some 250 serv- Anti-Religious Textbook anti-Semitism in Canada be ices totaled 15,600. checked. Pleas were made for ~he ~ederal. Ministry of Eduthe cessation of antipathy and In San Francisco, three hun- catIon III MexIco (according to the creation of tolerance, sym- dred and forty seamen received The New York Times) has inpathy and active cooperation. Christmas gifts from the mis- troduced a "Manual of Anti- sion. There were 6,652 meals Religious Education" for use as Three round table discussions served and 6,000 loaves of bread an official textbook in primary dealt with "Evidences of Anti- were distributed. At this sta- schools and night schools for Semitism in Canada," "The Edu- tion 6,085 letters and 3,582 par- workers. The book contains cational Problem of the Jews in cels and papers were handled for chapters with such headings as Canada with Emphasis upon sailors. The relatives of eight "Why We Combat Religion" Cultural and Vocation Train- sailors were reunited with their and "The School vs. Religion>' ing," and "Are There Funda- boys. Devotional services are The second portion of the book mental Differences in Moral held twice a week and on Sun- traces the history of religion Emphasis Between Jews and day. They were attended by from the beginnings of Chris: Christians ?" 9,634 persons. This home han- tianity to the present situation dled almost $30,000 for seamen. i~ Soviet Russia, explaining reli- Need for Negro Doctors Both these missions are main- gIOn on a materialistic basis. tained by Norwegian Lutherans. In an 80,000-word report, The book has been placed in made public by the National As- On the "Oregon Trail" all official schools, and an atsociation for the Advancement of tempt is being made to have it Colored People, the Harlem Hos- The "Jason Lee Special" is a required in private school curpital investigating committee as- covered motor wagon which riculums. Mexico City bookselserts that Negro physicians are started from Boston, April 16, to lers, however, refuse to handle ineligible to membership in the follow the trail of Jason Lee it, or even place it on display. American Medical Association in from Boston to Salem, Oregon. one-third of the States. The re- Lee was sent out in 1834 by the Progress Step by Step port stresses the "need for an in- Methodist Missionary Society as crease in the number of well- the first missionary of any In the face of difficulty and qualified Negro physicians," and church to the American Indians determined opposition, definite calls upon American universities in that territory, and remained progress is reported by the to "widen the existing oppor- to found a white civilization in Episcopal Suffragan of Mexico. tunity for ambitious and well- the Pacific Northwest. One hun- Here are a few instances: qualified Negro students to enter dred years ago he traveled with medical schools." The commit- the outfit of Captain N. J. A new and well furnished parish tee points out that there are only Wyeth, a fur trader from Bos- hall for the Church of San Pedro 0!l~-fourth as many Negro phy- ton. The "covered wagon" of Martir now serves as a social center . SICIans as there should be in the the emigrant had not then come in that village. G<lvernment decree country, and only two medical into use. Wyeth's company has allowed the Bishop the use of an schools for Negro students, traveled on horseback, carrying old church in San Sebastianito. which Howard and Meharry, both of little provision with them and is undergoing repairs and will be in which "fall behind other Grade depending for food upon their use soon. Use of an abandoned meet- A schools in equipment and per- rifles. Deer, prairie fowl and ing-house in the village of Ayapango sonnel." buffalo by the million then was secured from the Methodist au- abounded in the Indian country. thQ~ties, f?r a small group of COllb- -The World Tomorrow. Lee conducted in southern Idaho mumcants In need of a church; their the first formal Protestant reli- children were growing up with no re- Seamen's Missions gious service in the vast interior ligious training. Government permis- lying west of the Rocky Moun- sion for the repair and use of the The Seamen's Mission of tains. He also drove the first building was expected soon. The new Seattle reports some interesting cattle over the Rockies. Two Calvary Church in the village of Los facts: the reading room was years later Marcus Whitman Reyes-Golox was consecrated befQre a visited by 170,000 men. Letters took the first wagon over the gathering of four hundred people. and packages received reached The Church of the Incarnation, Amea total of 16,466 separate items cameca, which was in ruinous condi- tion, has been repaired. In Zoquipan the government has granted the use of a former Roman church. This was only a temporary building and was in deplorable condition but it responded

to careful treatment and is now a society. The working people are over to a large meeting-room, decent and dignified place of worship. insistent upon what they deem while in the bow are the living In each of these places church their rights, and their clamor is quarters of the evangelist and members have given material intensified by the extravagance his wife. Usually the boat ties and labor with enthusiastic sac- of the old aristocratic families. up at a riverside town for a rifice. Young people's interest in week or more at a time. Regu- Puerto Rico's Problems Christianity is awake, and con- lar meetings are held on the ferences are productive of lead- boat which draw many people ership among youth. A large The situation in Puerto Rico by their novelty. On a recent is made up of a variety of criti- conference for young people is Sunday 80 people attended the cal problems, such as poverty, planned for Santiago, Chile, this service on one boat, and of these year. At San Fernando in the about two-thirds were unconoverpopulation, disaster and dis- south, the Mission Gospel Bus verted seekers. Bible study ease following the hurricanes, meetings are held in the middle and a political crisis where all has had the voluntary assistance of the week, and Testaments are factions are at each others' of young people constantly at sold to new converts. throats. Protestant Christian- meetings in outlying districts. ity also faces a crisis. There This Gospel Bus traveled over A large part of the evangelseems no way of protecting the 5,000 miles through the country ist's work is done outside of reg- during the year. ular meetings. He has opportuisland from a whirlpool of con- tradictory creeds. New sects Through Bahia with the Bible nity each day of making new continue to arrive on every boat, contacts. Sailors and idlers of each teaching that all the rest Mr. F. C. Glass, with two Bra- every sort are encountered on are doomed. Black and white zilian companions, made a Bible the wharves, and even while the magic have also taken possession campaign trip a few months ago boat is under way, the evangelof some of the churches. One through Bahia, a central state of ist has a chance to distribute of the missionaries reports that Brazil as large as Spain and tracts to lock-keepers and to in a church he visited Voodoo- Portugal, and with a population sailors on other boats met in the ism had cast a black cloud over of 4,000,000, largely Catholic course of their travels. a group of women. In another but only so in name. Over difchurch an elderly woman teach- ficult roads and through many Religious Minorities er of a Bible class among the difficulties, such as being mis- In The Presbyterian Advance Jebaros uses a Bible by rubbing taken for bandits, league after Dr. J. Ross Stevenson, President league of this state was crossed of Princeton Theological Semiit over her body when she is sick. and recrossed, and everywhere nary, pictures the need of the The result of such conditions is the Bible was gladly received. several scores of religious mithat the intellectual class is not norities in Europe. The Magyar in the church, although many Without fear, the people read the Scriptures at street corners, Reformed congregations in Ruare disciples of Jesus Christ. or in their own doorways. Some mania, Jugoslavia and Czecho- -Christian Advocate.

The Gospel in Chile three thousand miles were trav- slovakia; the Lutheran and Re- ersed, and about six hundred formed villages in Austria, in The Presbyterian Board (U. Bibles and Testaments, and western Poland; the Protestants S. A.) reports that its southern- three thousand Gospels were .of Greece – both Presbyterian most work in South America is sold, and many given away. and Congregational – and a located in Chile on the Pacific One feature of the journey number of others have fre- side of the Andes. The work was the twenty lantern lectures, quently been in the direst straits .centers, as does the life of Chile, given often in the open-air, and during the past two decades.

in Santiago. Within its borders sometimes on the white walls of Many are living close to the sub- live nearly 700,000 people, one- Roman Catholic churches, with sistence level. It is difficult to seventh of the total population of the full approval of the inhabi- choose the strategic points to the country. The swarming tants. At other places the best which aid should be brought.

mass of the under privileged and halls of the town were freely Heart-rending cries for help come illiterate who migrate to the city placed at the disposal of the from Christians·in all parts of Soviet constitute one of Chile's major evangelists. Russia and, paradoxically enough, a sociological problems. EUROPE large part of these appeals come from McAll Mission Gospel Boats While there has been much un- the eastern Ukraine, one of the most rest, Chile has fared better than most of South America during fertile areas of the whole vast coun- try. The seizure of breadstuffs for feeding the urban populations has left the farmers with hardly enough to the troublous days of 1933. Per- An effective means of preach- keep body and soul together. Without haps the worst aftermath of the ing the Gospel is conducted in semblance of trial or any kind of leP.'al crisis of last year has been the France by the McAll Mission procedure, men and women are outbreak of hate and irreligion through its two canalboats, ply- snatched away from their families, to be held in prison, often for several in protest against the callous- ing the rivers that converge in ness of the professing Chris- the neighborhood of Paris. The days without food or blankets, sometians who constitute the bulk of interior of each boat is given times to be as suddenly released, but often to be deported to the penal

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

settlements, or simply to disappear Reichsbishop. The constitutions contributing to the support of without further news ever being re- of the various synods have been the work, and then .go out into ceived of or from them. When an abolished by decree of the the world to take up their work explanation is given at all, it is usu- Reichsbishop. The actions of in the designated mission field.

ally: "Guilty of religious propaganda." Yet religion is not stamped out. Every- the Pastors' Emergency Federa- Twenty-one sons and daughters thing that is done for these people is helping to sustain and further one of tion and the Pastors' Fraternity of Denmark are at work in the the most interesting post-Reforma- in the Rhineland having been foreign field today. tional religious movements in Europe. evidence of determined resist- -Moravian Missions.

Moreover, the location of these active ance to the racializing and coand fervent evangelical groups so near the frontier of atheist Russia may at ercing of the Church, means AFRICA some future time make them a factor were taken to break up these Changed Sentiment in Egypt to be reckoned with when the day of organizations. The secret police the "Glorious Return" dawns for Rus- provided the needed evidence of The v i 0 len t anti-Christian sian Christianity. "disloyalty" on the part of lead- disturbances by Egyptian Mos- lem leaders has not only sub- Oncken Centenary ers of these groups. sided, but the aftermath seems The selection of those students to be a more widespread and An important centenary of deepened interest in the Christhis year was on April 22 and who are to be permitted to study tian message. Mr. J. E. Kin- 23. One hundred years ago for the ministry is announced near, of the Nile Mission Press, Johann Oncken and six compan- to have been placed in the hands cites a case as evidence of a ions were baptized, and formed of the leaders of "Hitler Youth." marked change in attitude. the first Baptist church at Ham- If this is true, it represents the burg, Germany. This movement most sinister development yet in In October a Moslem parent brought extended its influence over most the tragic misfortunes of the his boy to a Christian mission in Cairo of Europe, and even to the other to have him enrolled. The principal German churches. -Federal Council Bulletin.

continents. Millions of converts, Denmark a Missionary Land of the school, interviewing him, carelives radically changed, the New fully pointed out that Christian wor- Testament message carried over- Denmark has less than fifteen ship and Christian instruction held a seas by thousands of emigrants, thousand square miles of terri- central place in the life of the school. foreign mission enterprises ini- tory, and about two and a half "Oh, yes, I am quite aware of that, millions in population. It has and I don't mind at all," was the surtiated and sustained in Asia, only one Moravian congregation, prising reply. "I want to enroll him Africa and South America are in this school of yours, and you can make a Christian of him if you like. among the fruits of the European Baptist movement, which namely, that of Christiansfeld in In fact, I don't mind if you use force may fairly be dated from the Nord Schleswig. This congrega- to do it!" baptism of Oncken. He, him- tion numbers about 215 commuself, is an important figure in nicants, and a total membership Another educated M 0 s I e m church history, and Hamburg of less than 300; a tiny church wrote a long letter for the Cairo press, from which are the folcounts him among its famous in a little land. In addition is lowing extracts: "We wonder citizens. Oncken, when asked the Diaspora center at Freder- why the missionaries are athow many missionaries he' had ica, in Denmark proper. But tacked now after they have been in Germany, replied, "Seven these two centers are dynamic in the country for about a cen- with missionary zeal. All over tury, since their motives, their thousand." "You misunderstood the question; that is the num- the land are organizations for work and message remain the the dissemination of missionary same. . . . We hold, with the ber of your members, but we knowledge and the gathering of missionaries, that conversion to want to know how many missionaries." "Seven thousand," funds. Nor does the work stop' Christianity is not a mere transhe rejoined. "Among us in Ger- here. The Societies seek re- fer of a person from one reli- cruits among the young people gious denomination to another; many every member is a missionary." for volunteer work. The little it is a complete spiritual change, Danish m 0 nth I y missionary including his feelings, deeds and German Protestants magazine consequently publishes sayings, and his mode of think- from time to time the names and ing, prompted by spiritual mo- News from Germany indicates pictures of these recruits, and, tives.

a considerable measure of defeat almost invariably, there is like- "Invaluable service has been of the forces in the Protestant wise a written word from the re- rendered to Egypt and the Near Church devoted to the historic, cruit, telling of his experience in East by missionaries; the first universal and evangelical Chris- spiritual things, his home life, voice raised against immorality tian faith. Propaganda, threats, his upbringing, his fin din g and prostitution and in favor of ruthless force and the breaking Christ, and his call to mission the liberation of slaves was the of promises have characterized service through the Lord's lead- voice of missionaries. Attention the battle against the brave pas- ing and under the direction of was first drawn by missionaries tors who have dared to put alle- the Church. These young re- to the danger of intoxication and giance to Christ ahead of obedi- cruits visit various sections of drug-taking. It was the missionence to Chancellor Hitler and the the country, meet those who are ary who first made a good and

exact translation of the Bible Rebuffs were few and large a fact that the English High into Arabic. It was they who congregations assembled, some Church society (S. P. G.) withestablished schools, institutions, even climbing trees in their ea- drew, the remaining six have hospitals, printing presses and gerness to hear. At the close of faithfully continued the work, service a printed summary of under the direction of a commitorphanages in our midst." -Moody Monthly. the sermon was given out. tee, which has a seat in the capi- In this area, lapsed Christians tal Tananarive, and in which all In Kano After Forty Years number in the tens of thousands, are represented. It was agreed at the outset that each mission Kano, walled capital of Hausa- with still other thousands of should have its well defined heathen at the very door of the sphere of work and should obliland, is a city where Orient and church. It is impossible to claim gate itself not to start congrega- Occident meet. Politically and much more than that a church tions outside of it. commercially important, it has has been planted, and the great grown from one city to seven, need is for just such follow-up The conference has since then work as these students are doing. met in 1920 (in connection with including the original Hausa the centennial celebration of the metropolis, the ghetto, the Syr- -C. M. S. Gleaner. beginning of Protestant misian quarter, the European trad- sions in Madagascar) in 1926 Model Village at Kikongo and again in August 1933. The ing area and various other sec- tions.

For the Sudan Interior Mis- A beginning has been made on head of the Paris Mission, Monsion the special interest in Kano a model village project at Ki- dain, was elected president of lies in the fact that it was the kongo. A village has been staked the conference and the head of prime objective of three pioneer out, and each family assigned a the Norwegian Mission as vice- missionaries in 1893, two of certain plot. A plan for the president. The reports made at whom laid down their lives in measurement and staking out of the conference gave a living im- the effort to reach it with the the houses has been furnished pression of the important posi- Gospel. To occupy it for Christ the village, and each house is tion held by the Protestant mishas been a hope of the Mission built after that plan. A broad ever since. After forty years of street lined with citronella grass sion and church in Madagascar; but it was also strongly emphawaiting, of prayer and effort, at runs through the center of this sized, that large areas of the last the mission is granted a site model village which has its own island are still without the inupon which it may establish it- school and church, temporarily self in this city which is the key meeting on the veranda of the fluence of the Gospel. Among the subjects discussed to the whole interior region. The chief's spacious house. The na- at the conference were; "Inwork is being initiated by Wil- tives are entering very enthusi- creased Cooperation," "T h e liam H. Hockman. astically into the plan. In addi- -Moody Monthly. tion, the agriculturist is now Protestant Faith," "The Duty of the Church Toward the Young," able to put his ideas into prac- "Protestant Literature." An im- Students Practice Evangelism tice, and each student spends a portant result of the meeting was part of the day in gardening. An evangelistic campaign un- a resolution that the two hymn Married students have their own books, one Reformed and one der the direction of students has plots to cultivate. Classes are Lutheran, should be merged into come to be recognized as a nor- held twice a week in practical a common hymn book for all the mal part of college training in agriculture. Protestant churches in Madagasmission schools. One such mis- -Congo Mission News. car. sion conducted by students of WE,STERN ASIA Bishop Tucker Memorial Col- Cooperation in Madagascar lege, at Mukono, is worthy of Commmunism and Veiled mention. Three groups worked The following interesting in- Women at three centers, five, eight and formation in Dansk Missions- Uzbekistan is an area of the sixteen miles from Mukono. The blad:- .

objective was to arouse Chris- In Madagascar, where the Soviet Union which was once tians to their responsibility as Norwegian Mission Society has Mohammedan. Since the Bolchurch members. On the Sun- a large mission field, with over shevist domination, women have day preceding the mission, the 100,000 Christians, there are also been emancipated from wearing leader of each party went to his six other Protestant mission so- a veil, but according to a report allotted village to be introduced. cieties at work, namely two Nor- from Moscow there has been a Wednesday, he conducted a spe- wegian-American m iss ion s, sharp clash over this time-honcial prayer meeting. Saturday three English, (L. M. S., S. P. ore d Mohammedan custom. was given up to visiting. Printed G., and F. F. M. A.), and the Eight members of the Communletters of welcome to the Sunday French Protestant Missionary ist party have been expelled for services were distributed from Society, (M. P. F.). compelling their wives to don house to house an evidence of In 1913 these seven societies veils, while a ninth escaped with the extent to which education held a conference which led to a reprimand when he allowed his fruitful cooperation. While it is wife to unveil her face. has become general.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

In the ten years since the rule safe to wander at will. Two of the today than it did in the Roman against veiling came into effect, Empire during the first three a large number of women who most Christian things I saw in the centuries." cast aside their heavy horsehair city are, first the work of Sister Nelly, veils have been murdered by The field of the Andhra Christheir husbands; but fully 175,- the Swiss nurse at the government tian Council covers the areas of 000 women in Uzbekistan have hospital, who goes about her work like South India, where Telugu is the discarded the veil. Thousands predominant language. Out of a cast their veils on bonfires at the a saint of God in the midst of tre- population of 25,089,775, the annual women's day celebration Christians now number 819,699. on March 8. -N. Y. Times. . mendous difficulties, and who shows Deducting 85,760 Roman Cath- Christ in her life and face; and olics, the Christian population, Ibn Saud a Shrewd King sec~md,. the little Legation dispensary with whose welfare the Council WhICh IS open to all comers and where is concerned, numbers 760,963, Mrs. Dame, a missionary of the patients are treated free by the scattered over 11,055 towns and the Reformed Church in Amer- villages. The Madras Presidency ica, visited Riadh, seat of the Legation doctor, for no apparent rea- census report for 1931 shows court of Ibn Saud, in Central that while the general popula- Arabia. In a recent issue of the son except that we are a Christian tion had increased by eleven per New York Times she gave im- nation, and cannot go anywhere with- cent during the preceding years, pressions of the Arab chieftain. the Christian population during out imitating the Good Physician. the same period had increased King Ibn Saud would command at- by fifty-two per cent, as far as tention in any company. He is simple, Wernet a very influential man, the Telugu language area is cond~rect, unaffected and undoubtedly whose son came to our hospital last cerned. SIncere. At the same time he is shrewd, diplomatic and opinionated. year and said that he had had a vision There are twenty-one mis- He seems to have a firm hold on the of Christ calling him to follow Him. sions, churches and institutions affections of his people. His diplo- in the Madras section and nine macy is well known. He told us that he could only do this in the Nizam's Dominions, rep- on condition we wrote a letter to the resented on the Council. To keep several wives and concubines, as well as a dozen or more of Governor of the North-West Frontier -Watchman-Examiner. sisters and daughters of various ages and dispositions all on good terms Province asking that he be given a Village Improvement with himself and with each other pre- gaoogdoohdo-ulosoekiinngPeEsuhraowpaerancawntiofen,mseonmts~ sents no mean problem in the diplo- money, a motor car, Eurpean clothes, A Marathi daily newspaper of matic line. I believe it is his boast and especially a solar topi. He was Poona has recently paid tribute that he has had 153 wives, and of the to the notable work being done 150 who have been divorced not one told the story ohfethweenritchawyaoyunsgormroawn~ for village uplift by an Indian went away angry at him. and, like him, Christian leader, Mr. D. S. Mo- ful. dak. The occasion of this press A Visit to Kabul notice was a Rural Uplift Show INDIA at Saswad, 19 miles Southeast Dr. R. J. H. Cox, of Peshawar of Poona, on March 27. Three was invited last year to accom- Infant Mortality miles from here is the village of pany the English chaplain on a Pimpla, where improvements visit to Kabul, and gives an ac- Infant mortality in India is have been made on such ideal count of the visit in The Church the highest in all the civilized lines that the village has become Missionary Gleaner. No Eng- countries of the world. In Euro- a model for all others. "If the lish chaplain had gone there pe~n countries out of every 1,000 example thus set were followed since the second Afghan war, chIldren born, 930 or 950 live to the reformation of India would and it was exactly 101 years reach the age of twelve months, be accomplished," commented since a Christian Jew had gone whereas in India the number of the Poona newspaper. as a traveler-missionary to Ka- deaths per 1,000 during the bul. But it was not as a mis- same period varies from 350 to The population of Pimpla is sionary that Dr. Cox was al- 600 … The present state of af- 913, out of which 57 boys are atlowed to go. Promises were ex- fairs is not a reproach to Indian tending the new school, built on acted that no preaching would mothers themselves, the cause spacious, well ventilated lines at take place, aside from Sunday being such as poverty, lack of a cost of Rs. 12,000. The streets services in the Legation, and proper care of the pregnant and of the village were in a terrible even then agents of the Afghan nursing mothers, lack of a first condition, but all have been Government were sent to the class midwifery service, un- thoroughly repaired, gutters be- Legation, to satisfy themselves skilled midwifery by country ing dug on each side. Dirt and that no propaganda was being Dais, venereal diseases, indus- dust have been removed, the vilcarried out. trial employment of women, lack lage has been cleared up, and a of pure milk supply, and insani- small dispensary has been pro- Dr. Cox writes: tary and overcrowded dwellings. vided for the supply of free medicine. The Committee has We spent a very interesting four -Dnyanodaya. days at the Legation. We visited the city, walking about freely with no Andhra Christian Council escort. Anywhere in the country it is "We are witnessing today a movement toward Christianity, greater in intensity and extent than the Church has known since the Gospel first reached the shores of India," says Rev. F. L. Marler, Literature Secretary of the Andhra Christian Council. "If numbers may be regarded as an indication of progress, Chris- tianity is advancing with greater strides in the Andhra country

opened a library where daily pa- Quarter Oentury of Progress which such child is on the throne pers, magazines and a ~ew books in Lhassa is always dangerous on agricultural and sa~Itary sub- Chiengmai Leper Asylum has because it leads to great controj ects are kept. The vIllagers of just passed its twenty-fifth year. versies as to who shall rule in its Pimpla are interested in phys- Anniversary celebrations ~ere place. There is also the danger ical development, and have built held in January, when foreIgn- of inroads from other powers, a gymnasiu~ where yo~mg men ers, officials, leading merchants, since Tibet has always been depractice dally athletIcs and church members, students, all sired as a sphere of influence, wrestling. Another feature very who could make the trip to the both by England and by Russia. creditable to the villagers is that island, were invited. The growth they have a scheme for procur- -Neue Allgemeine Missionsing drinkable water from the of the institution has been zeitschrift. springs close by. The most re- steady, although its early years markable thing about this rural OHINA uplift work is the spontaneous were full of discouragement. It and voluntary work done by the was five years before there were Protestant Missions in Ohina villagers themselves, without sufficient funds on hand for the much outside aid. erection of permanent bqildings, Among the 450 million Chi- and many more years passed be- nese there are only 450,000 -Dnyanodaya. fore adequate support was as- Protestant Christian Chinese, sured. Nothing had ever been conservatively estimated. Five Ingathering of Pwo Karens thousand seven hundred and fif- done for lepers in Siam prior to ty-three Protestant m iss ion Charles L. Conrad, of the the founding of the Chiengmai workers are scattered in 601 American Baptist Mission in institution, and public senti- mission stations in the whole Burma, in refuting the odium ment at times was openly hostile. country. In all China there are which some have attached to the only 6,000 church~s a~d chap~ls. "mass movement" of the past Local self-government was es- In the 1,608 distrIcts mto WhICh three years, describes it as .no tablished many years ago and the country is divided, there ftre more than a normal expanSIOn this basic principle has been ex- 293 with 146,500 villages entIreof the present seventy-four tended to practically every de- ly without any mission work; in churches. These converts are not partment of asylum life. Work 206 other districts with 103,000 "outcastes," but are the same is now accepted by every person villages there is very nearly no type as those already in the as a part of his requiremen~. mission work. churches. They are not ignorant, This was not true at first, and It was only after self-government -Neue Allegemeine Missions- had been in use many years that zeitschrift. it was finally accepted by all. At the present time the force of but are able to read Burmese or workers consist of three full Ohristian Witnessing Karen. Neither have they been time men and the part time servimmoral in their living. They ices of a medical man. All other A result of faithful Christian have clear, radiant faces; strong work is taken care of by pa- witnessing is given by the Chibodies and clean minds. They nese Recorder, in an account of are neither "rice Christians" nor tients. Christian growth in Shansi political followers,. but ~re the The spiritual growth is going Province.

forward. The asylum church fruits of years of mtensIve, co- pays the entire sal.ary .of .an A Christian girl was the sole witoperative effort. The Pwo Karen evangelist to an outSIde dIstrIct, Gospel Team, girls and boys, and makes frequent gifts to all ness in a government school. A have been actively engaged; and kinds of Christian work. teacher was interested and at~nded the large ingathering has been partly due to their interest and -Siam Outlook. meetings at the church. As m the effort. For several years past, house of Cornelius, while she listened the Pwos have been praying that The Dalai Lama ten thousand new memb~rs the Holy Ghost fell upon her and a On Dec. 7, 1933, the head of all Buddhists, the Dalai Lama miracle of transformation was ef- fsehcetewd~' ssotoenllionugt of awwhoant deChrirnig~the~aardt of come to mean to her. The PrI~cIp~1 of the school, said to be commum~t m should be added to their churches tendency, then attended the meetmgs, in ten years. A year ago 800 baptisms were reported; this year died in Lhassa, the capital of and within several weeks wrote a Tibet at the age of 57 years. letter full of praise to God for His there have been a thousand, wonderful salvation. Meanwhile, a The priest next in rank, the former student of the junior teacher while in one section there are Panchen Lama, fled from Tibet in quite a different district, also from five hundred more waiting for workers to come and baptize years ago and is now living in a heathen home, found the Way and them. Some Burmans are com- Mongolia. The successor of the is progressing in her knowledge ?f Dalai Lama is a child that was God. These are all burdened tor theIr born in the same hour in which former school fellows and frIends, as well as the scholars under their ing into the churches with the the Dalai Lama died, since it is charge. Pwos, because they feel that this believed that the latter's soul group will stand by them as they immediately enters another Result of Oharitable Effort take the ·step out from Buddhism. body, in order to be.among ~u­ The National Flood Relief -Burma News. man beings. The tIme durmg Commission has just issued a

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

voluminous report for the year Church of Canada, the Methodist anese end of the island, and are 1931-32. It administered nearly Episcopal Church and the Meth- employed in the lumber indus- $70,000,000 silver. Ten million odist Episcopal Church, South. tries in the rapidly growing people were relieved. Private cities on the east and west coasts. contributions totaled more than -Wesleyan Christian Advo- $7,500,000. A great variety of cate. Not far from the northern work was done. The total result boundary line the two Bible Sois larger than that attained by Peasant Gospel Schools ciety workers discovered a Koany other charitable effort in rean Christian who used to be a China's history. A recent experiment in Na- colporteur in the Korean work, gano City, partly a copy of what formerly carried on by the So- A Many-Sided Program Kagawa has been doing for sev- ciety. This old man, cut off from eral years, is called the "Peas- all church connections, had gath- Rev. John Hayes, of Peking, a ant's Gospel SchooL" Twenty- ered about him about a half dozmember of the Presbyterian five picked young men and wom- en believers, who were letting China Council, says that the en, from at least fifteen different their light shine in the darkness Kashing tent program conducted scattered villages, assembled for about them. is the most complete program he a course of ten days' intensive knows of in China. The tent is training. About one-third of The two representatives of the a rural center. Farmers who these young people, nearly all of Bible Society held meetings for come early to the market place whom had been reached by three days in their village, and hear the message; great num- means of newspaper evangelism, eighteen decisions for Christ bers also attend night services. were Christians. were made. It was afterwards Many have become inquirers, reported that this retired coland after instruction develop in- The purposes in holding such porteur now has a Sunday school to staunch Christians. The a school were: which has an attendance of Christian Chinese farmer is the thirty children. -Forward. salt of the Chinese earth, the (1) To strengthen the Christian bulwark of Chinese democracy, faith and practice of those already Opium Problem Grows and the chief hope of Chinese Christian, and to make them: realize society of the present day. more fully the implications of their For the Japanese in Man- religion in their everyday life. (2) To churia, opium is a vast business Again, the tent is a place bring before the non-Christian stu- enterprise. Mr. U. Kikuchi, secwhere womanhood is elevated. dents a vision of a dynamic Christian- retary of the Association for the One of the brightest hours of ity, which, unlike Buddhism, enters Prevention of Opium Evils jn the day is from two to three in into daily moral, social and economic Japan, says that "no less than 75 the afternoon, when missionary life. (3) To give all the students in- per cent of the Japanese nationladies with trained Chinese Bible tensive training along such lines as als residing in South Manchuria women meet the hundreds of would help them to lead in the recon- prior to the 1931 outbreak were women who come with their chil- struction of their own villages along directly or indirectly connected dren to hear about the Saviour. positive Christian lines. with drug traffic." The produc- It is also kindergarten, primary tion, manufacture and sale of school and Sunday school all As to results, many non-Chris- narcotic drugs has been incorcombined. One of the most valu- tians felt the challenge of Chris- porated into a gigantic national able fruits of the children's work tianity, which, unlike any re- industry, whose output rose is the organization of Sunday ligions they had known, had a from 2,498 kilograms in the year schools meeting in the church definite relation to daily farm 1911 to 35,530 kilograms in 1928 every Sabbath, where the chil- life. Two of the young men, on in Kwantung alone, though that dren are taught more regularly returning to their own village, province is but a fraction of and intensively. It is also a started a weekly Sunday school. Manchuria. The number of lihaven of peace for troubled Others, on returning home, ar- censed opium smokers increased hearts.-Presbyterian Survey. ranged for Christian specialists from 2,799 in 1919 to a total of on rural reconstruction to speak 30,858 in 1929; and the gross JAPAN -CHOSEN in their own villages. Others revenue which Japan reaped are trying in a small way to from her opium monopoly in this Laymen to the Rescue bring to pass in their villages one province leaped from 1,724,- some of the ideal presented at 844 yen in 1922 to 2,686,262 yen An encouraging feature of the the school. in 1929. A factory in Port Arpresent work in Japan is the fact thur is said to have an annual that laymen in the Japan Meth- -United Church Record. output of 70,000 lbs. odist Church are this year raising Yen 25,000.00 to meet the Letting Their Light Shine -The Christian Century. deficit caused by the reduction in appropriations, made by the Last July a worker of the Brit- 50 Years of Me.thodism three missions cooperating with ish and Foreign Bible Society the Japan church-the United and a native pastor in Hokkaido, Sunday, June 24, marked the Japan, visited Saghalin, the fiftieth anniversary of the arriv- southern half of which is the al of the first Methodist mis- farthest north territory of Ja- pan. The northern half belongs to Russia. They had heard that many Koreans live in the Jap-

sionaries in Korea. In March, It is too soon to have knowl- not give their moral support to 1884, Dr. and Mrs. Robert S. edge of later results, and much war as a method of settling in- Maclay, pioneer Methodist mis- further research is necessary. ternational disputes. . . . The sionaries in Japan, were request- vast majority of the people of ed by the Board of Foreign Mis- -Without the Camp. the world desire to live in peace sions to investigate the mission with one another. Let them say prospects in Korea. They landed Y. W. C. A. Membership so, and say so in such a way that at Chemulpo, June 24, and, their witnesses will be heard in through the good offices of the Personal allegiance to Christ the chancellories of the nations." Hon. Kim Ok Kyun, obtained is the keynote of the new alterpermission from the Emperor to nate basis of membership in the -The Pre s b y t e ria n Addo educational and medical work. National Young Women's Chris- vance. They selected a place near the tian Association, according to United States Legation for mis- formal action taken at its thir- Giving and Receiving sionary residences and Doctor teenth biennial convention, meet- Maclay was appointed first su- ing in Philadelphia in May. On In Home Missions Today and perintendent of the Korea Mis- the old. basis of membership a Tomorrow: A Review and Foresion, in March, 1885. The Rev. girl had to be a member of the cast, published by the Home Misand Mrs. Henry G. Appenzeller church beforel she could be a sions Council, is the following arrived on April 5th and a member of the Association; un- comment on mission churches: month later Dr. and Mrs. Wil- der this newly adopted alternate liam B. Scranton, and Dr. Scran- basis she can become a member In the past we have frequently ton's mother. of the Association first. Any erred in the direction of an ex- local Association that wishes to cessive paternalism in mission The celebration in Korea will remain on the Evangelical work. Too much has been dQne extend from June 24 to April church membership basis can do for people. Too little attention 5, 1935. On the same boat Dr. so. The proposed personal basis has been given to helping them Horace G. Underwood, of the is an alternative. to do for themselves. This is Presbyterian Church arrived in generally conceded today, and Chemulpo, so that both churches Buddhist Missionaries current policies look in the opwill celebrate the event in union posite direction. In a few fields services. A mass meeting in A United Press report states we have had conspicuous success Seoul on April 5, 1935, will be that a thousand Buddhist apos- in developing leadership and the climax of the celebration. tles, headed by twelve monks, capacity for self-direction. Cuba are planning a pilgrimage on and Puerto Rico are notable.in GENERAL foot from India to Rome and the this respect. So, too, is the Ne- United States to preach their gro field and some of the for- Dye Treatment religion. These apostles, or eign-language work. The Indian "lions" as they style themselves, field is an unfortunate example The treatment of leprosy by because they think it will take of relative failure in this regard, intravenous injection of syn- lion hearts to insure their safety in spite of individual exceptions. thetic dye-stuffs is arousing so on the journey, especially in Generally today there is a reamuch interest among superin- Moslem Mecca and Jewish-Mos- sonable insistence on proper lotendents of leper colonies that lem Jerusalem, come from Tibet, cal participation in financing the the Mission to Lepers deems it China, India, Burma, Siam and work. This is made difficult by wise to express a brief warning Ceylon. One of their leaders is the generally low economic levels against too much optimism. Dr. an Italian, who was educated in on mission fields. On the whole, Robert G. Cochrane, of the Brit- the United States, and in 1924 mission fields contribute fairly ish Empire Leprosy Relief As- went to Asia, and finally became according to their ability. sociation, recently wrote: "I do a Buddhist monk. not think the time has arrived Surveys vs. Activities for this treatment to be used in -Alliance Weekly. a general way, as it is still very "Today we' are much given to much in the experimental stage. Crusade Against War surveys of Foreign Missions. . . . While the results are cer- Personally I am fed up on surtainly encouraging, the number Christians throughout the veys. Twenty-five years ago we of cases was far too small to world are being urged to join in were in the midst of a great day draw any definite conclusion. a crusade against war, and for 'movements.' Everyone was Dr. Gordon A. Ryrie, who has preparation for war, through-a naIvely confident that by organhad charge of the experiments pastoral letter dealing with "the izing movements he could change with these dyes at the Sungei present international crisis," the world. There was a maxi- Buloh Colony, Kuala Lumpur, sent by officers of the Federal mum of activity then and a min- Federated Malay States, recog- Council of Churches. "The imum of thought. Today there nizes "the danger of arousing churches of Christ around the is just the opposite. We have a undue expectations." world," says the letter, "should maximum of critical thought say to their respective govern- with a minimum of activities." ments that they cannot and will HENRY SLOANE COFFIN.

Missionary

Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information W orId Tides in the Far East. By -as to the historical trust- of Foreign Missions, 156 Fifth Ave., Basil Mathews. 12 mo. 184 pp. New York, N. Y. Paper, 60 cents; cloth, $1.00. Friend- worthiness of the New Testa- ship Press. New York. 1934. This little book is in part a ment representation of Christ, biography compiled from family Virile and gripping as everything is that comes from Basil and the truth of His miracles, records, letters and reports from Mathews, this book ranges the the mission field, and in part an Far East and brings back arrest- His atoning death and His resur- autobiography dictated near the ing facts and inferences. If he close of his life. Dr. Theodore has his way the book will soon rection. The author was for Greene of Peiping, who secured be put out of date by the rapid the original dictation remarks, movement toward "the coopera- some years a missionary in Ja- "Outstanding impressions have tive rebuilding of life toward been the untiring energy of Dr. which its argument is directed." pan and is now Professor of Meanwhile the chapter-headings Lewis, his desire for the work are intriguing: The Rhythm of English Bible and Missions in to be as independent as possible, China, The Unfinished Quest of his lack of fear of any danger Japan, China's New Secular Re- the Western Theological Semiligions, The Secular Religions of connected with his work." All Japan, etc., until one comes to nary of the Reformed Church in these qualities, and more, shine the last, The Tides of God. Here from the portrait frontispiece of is no mere record of incidents or America. He has a singularly the book. movements but a proposal also of the forces that will master lucid mind and an assured and Born of sturdy Christian parand direct those tides of the Far ents and reared on a Western East until they become the tides positive faith. He deals with Pennsylvania farm, C h a r I e s of God. Lewis worked his way through the truth of the Gospels, the ra- college and m e d i c a I school, Christianity in its essential character is more national than national- tional ground for faith in the chiefly by an intense belief in his ism because it sees the higher goal of work and an irresistibly persuathe nation as integral to the Kingdom miracles of Christ, especially sive salesmanship in peddling of God; it is more human than hu- stereoscopes and views during manism because it feeds the essential His resurrection, and with the vacations. Offered $5,000 per core of man's being-his soul-which year to carry the business to humanism ignores; it is more com- mystery of the Christian life and munist than communism because it Australia, he preferred $1,000 shares both the material goods of the experience. The chapters are per year, after arduous training, visible world and the invisible and to carry the Gos.pel of physical eternal treasure of the spiritual brief, clear and direct. Any world. and spiritual healing to China. reader can follow their reason- Throughout the years of train- Incomparably the most important ing, he was consistently and efwork in the world is to share the gift ing. They "bear testimony," in fectively Christian, and his perof God in Christ with all mankind. Dr. Pieters' words, "to the Cath- sonal witness for Christ was the After all, missions in its larg- life-long expression of a radiant est and truest sense is the an- olic apostolic, historic Christian faith and a sacrificial devotion. swer to the needs of the Far East as of the rest of the world. faith. We do not look upon our- Going to China in 1896, he la- bored at Tengchow and Tsinan C. B. McAFEE. selves as giving utterance to in Shantung. Driven out by the "Boxers" in 1900, he took serv- The Facts and Mysteries of the 'opinions' on religion, whether ice with the U. S. Army of paci- Christian Faith. By A I b e r t u s fication; then began in 1902 Pieters. 215 pp. $1.25. Eerdmans our own or those of others. Our that life-labor of thirty years in Publishing Co., Grand Rapids, Mich. Paotingfu which made Taylor 1934. effort will be constantly to state, Memorial Hospital one of the outstanding missionary institu- This book is as certain as Pro- as the Christian faith, only what fessQr p~nny's book is doubtful tions of China. There, on the the great mass of Christian be- foundation laid by the martyr lievers, of all communions, ac- cept, and always have accepted, whether they were able to for- mulate it in so many words or not. There is such a thing as the Christian religion, one in its essential essence, however mani- fold in its form." Dr. Pieters'

purpose is definite and construc- tive: "We believe the Christian religion, but we do not believe it ignorantly or thoughtlessly, and our earnest desire is, not only to lead men to faith, but to lead them to a well-grounded and in- R. E. s. telligent faith."

Lu Taifu (Charles Lewis, M.D.) A Pioneer Surgeon in China. Com- piled by Robert E. Speer. 216 pp.

Cloth, $1.00. Presbyterian Board Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the REVIEW publls}1erl> on re~"illt of price, [381 J

doctor, George Yardley Taylor, the material grew. In most cases lenge some passages. But the and with the help of his own the talker was allowed to wan- volume as a whole merits care- trained and inspired Chinese as- der at will and to provide uncon- ful perusal, for there are evi- sistants, his skill and tireless en- sciously a fresh base for in- dent a serious purpose to face ergy built up a beneficient min- quiry." the realities of the present situ- istry to a vast and populous Because the tale of birth, edu- ation and a courageous faith in area. The railroad entrusted all cation, marriage, divorce, death, the future of the Christian its work to him; provincial and feasts, fasts, the church and its movement. The volume closes military authorities committed customs are all told by illiterate with a copious bibliography of themselves and their families to provincials, it gains in vividness pertinent religious literature, his skill and paid for it with but loses in style. We have in but the lack of an index is a de- large gifts to the hospital. consequence a series of human fect. ARTHUR J. BROWN.

In times of epidemic and documents rather loosely put to- plagu€!, Dr. Lewis threw him- gether. I slam is used for M os- The Negro's Churclb. By Benjamin E. Mays and Joseph W. Nicholson, self fearlessly into individual lems, and there are other curious New York. Institute of Social and Religious Research. 1933. 292 pp., and group relief, however har- mistakes in regard to this reli- appendix, index. $2.00.

rowing, perilous and apparently gion. The book deals with Strange as it may seem, this is the first serious social study hopeless the situation, and his Abyssinian Christian home-life of the Negro's most character- courage and fine judgment won and the influence of Islam is evi- istic group expression – his church. Both quantitatively and out. He also lent himself to the dent in many customs and tradi- qualitatively it gives insight into the structure and activity of 609 saving of the Czechs in Siberia. tions, as it is among the Copts urban congregations in twelve A "mighty hunter" by way of of Egypt. There is an excellent cities, seven southern, three northern, and two border; 185 recreation, he was as untiring glossary of Amharic words and rural churches in four countries in his personal ministry to the a fair index. S. M. ZWEMER. scattered in Georgia, Alabama, hundreds of patients in his hos- South Carolina and Texas. Ori- gins of the Negro's churches are pital. Intensely practical, he yet The Church Looks Ahead. An Analy- traced from the first congrega- sis and a Forecast. Edited by tion in South Carolina in 1773dreamed of conquering other Charles E. Schofield. 400 pp. $3.00. 1775 and the beginning of the Macmillan, New York. 1934. African Methodist Episcopal worlds in a medical missionary What is the present state of Church in 1786 and disclose journey overland straight across Protestant Christianity in Amer- some of the "means of separat- ing an unwanted racial group Asia, carrying relief to the phys- ica and what is the prospect for from common public worship." its future? The editor has ically needy in the far interior sought answers to these ques- A chapter given to the Negro tions from twenty prominent ministry shows that 80 per cent and with it the word of Life in ministers and he gives them in this volume, adding his own. of the urban pastors were not Christ. The dream was not real- The symposium can hardly be college trained and 72.3 per cent deemed a cross section of Amer- have neither college nor semiized; but the practical dreamer, ican Protestantism, for of the nary degrees; that college men twenty-one writers sixteen are "get more than an even chance when called to his reward in the Methodists, three are Congre- to become pastors of large churches," that college men in summer of 1932, left behind him gationalists, and two are college Negro seminaries are increasing and university professors whose but the total number of students a tremendously active and fruit- denominational connection is not in Negro seminaries have de- i n d i cat e d. The symposium creased in eight years, and that ful work and memories of a would have a broader scope if it had included some representa- the number of college students skilful hand and a loving heart tive Baptists, Episcopalians, Lu- contemplating the ministry is therans and Presbyterians. Howof one who had sincerely be- ever, every writer is a Christian small in comparison with those entering other professions. lieved and proved that "it is leader and his viewpoint is catholic. The subjects cover a The Negro minister's mes- .Cmeolvree."blessedCOtUoRgTEivNAeYthHa. nF to re – wide range, theology, sacra- sages are analyzed from ver- batim reports of many sermons ENN. ments, evangelism, missions, education, Christian ethics, the heard. Excerpts show twenty- The Abyssinian at 'Home. By C. H. social gospel, personal religion, six out of one hundred sermons Walker. 213 pp. $3.00. Macmil- the Bible, the Church, religious "touched concrete life situa- lan, New York; Sheldon Press, journalism, city and country tions," fifty-four were predomi- London. churches, church union, preach- ing and worship, pastoral work, nantly "other worldly," and two As a result of twenty years in etc. As might be expected the contact with life in Abyssinia, chapters vary in interest and and the compilation of an Am- value and the reader, like this haric-English Dictionary, the author knows the people inti- reviewer, will probably chalmately and in this study of their life allows them to tell their own story of their home and environment. "As the real life of the Abyssinian is a closed book to the stranger, the difficulty lay in the making of conversation, nor is it easy to persuade a native to discourse at length on any given subject and to exhaust it in detail. Point after point, however, was gradually dealt with, and

OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSH:ElLF

were highly doctrinal or theo- minds." The ownership and con- the schools spend nothing on re- logical. In more than 65 per trol provide opportunity for ligious education; twenty per cent of the sermons dealing with initiative, self-direction, per- cent spend less than $1.00 per the present life and in many sonal recognition and for the member, and the average is other worldly sermons, one is common man "freedom to relax" only 52 cents per year. able "to glimpse the present so- as well as community and social The trends in American colcial and economic problems that center, stimulus to education leges are also considered toconfront the Negro." and business. The Negro's gether with the church colleges, As to membership, "there is Church has "potentialities to be- the university pastor, and types no u n i for mit y among the come possibly the g rea t est of instruction given. churches for determining the spiritual force in the United JAMES F. RIGGS.

basis of membership" but "hon- States." GEORGE EDMUND HAYNES. Japanese Festival and Calendar Lore. By William Hugh Erskine, M.A. est and courageous efforts" are Kyo Bun Kwan and Bethany Colbeing made to keep adequate ac- Angola-The Land of the Blacksmith Prince. By John T. Tucker, Maps, counts of members. In the ur- lege Book Store, Agent, Bethany, Illus. 8vo. 180 pp. 38. 6d. paper. West Virginia. pp. 208. $1.50. ban churches 35.6 per cent had less than 200 members, 48.7 per World Dominion Press. London. The author is a student of cent between 200 and 1,000 1933. Japanese customs and his little members, and 7.7 per cent had Angola, West Central Africa, book on that subject has reached 1,600 or more members. There is Portuguese territory. As a a fourth edition. Here is a supwere more members per church plement on all the complications in Northern than in Southern mission field it is occupied by of the lunar-solar calendar of cities, largely due to migration workers of the American Board, Japan with notes on the feast of recent years, but in both sec- the Angola Evangelical Mission, days, the astrological value of tions more than half of the re- the Baptist Missionary Society the days and seasons and the ported membership was "rela- poetry and superstitions contively idle, leaving the work to and nine other societies, in adbe carried by less than half." dition to Roman Catholics. This nected therewith. Japan in this survey, with its clear maps, gives respect owes much to the Taoist In their programs urban calendar of China with its sys- the human background and his- tem of lucky days, magic octachurches have "from the begin- tory, the product of mission ning followed in general the pat- work and the "Challenge of the gons, and zodiacal rubbish. The tern set up by the white Unreached." Great geographical third part of the book deals with churches . . . including those oracles. "Metal-positive-monkey things common to most churches areas are still untouched by any day" occurs six times in 1933 of the working classes and peo- missionary work. For example and is unlucky. "HIGAN are ple of ordinary means." The au- days of meditation, and come thors believe the Negro is over- in one district of North Angola twice a year at the Equinox. It churched both South and North are twenty-nine tribes with a is the time when the sun is because available church money population of nearly 1,000,000, straight east and west in the is too thinly spread for an effec- wit h missionaries working morning and evening, and so the tive church program. among only three of the tribes. common people say that it is the In dis c u s sin g the rural It is clear evidence that the mis- day on which the western gate is sionary task, far from being completed, is only fairly begun.

churches, the study shows that Standards and Trends in Religious opened and the souls of the dead rural membership per church is Education. Hortshorne, Stearns are approachable for service. An much smaller than urban, but and Uphaus. $2.00. 230 pp. Yale extra serving of the meals of the percentages of regular contribu- University Press. 1933. day should be set before the tors and average attendance are The Institute of Social and Family Altar or on the God higher. Rural pastors are more Religious Research is responsi- Shelf. It is a good day to serve poorly trained than urban and ble for this latest in a series of the dead and attend to their the turnover of ministers is four volumes, dealing with graves, as their rewards of sucgreater. The program of rural trends in Religious Education. cess and virtue are unlimited." churches is much like that of the It would be a tonic to pastors, One would imagine that in a urban churches some decades Religious Education directors land where illiteracy is the rare ago. Sunday services led by a and all interested in knowing the exception, such superstitions minister, midweek services and facts to read and study the book. would rapidly disappear. S. M. ZWEMER. Sunday schools in the hands of It uncovers facts by hunting laymen, and revivals comprise them out and bringing them to Church Union in Canada, Its Causes the main features. the attention of others, showing and Consequences. By Claris Ed- the type of work done, the need win Silcox. 8 vo. 493 pp. $3.00. Their church is the "most thoroughly owned and con- for better teaching, the relation Institute of Social and Religious trolled public institution of the of the minister to Religious Edu- Research. New York. 1933.

race" and hundreds of churches cation and the amount spent in This is the report of an in- "operate sufficiently well to war- education. It is surprising to quiry entered upon some two rant commendation of critical learn that sixty-one per cent of years ago.

The book is distinctive as the "In every city swept by non- luxuries and 14% to waste. Re- concurrence, a large number of first independent review of this Presbyterian churches w ere ligion is estimated to cost $964,- more or less permanently weak- 000,000 and other philanthropies event in Canadian Church life. ened….. Non-concurrent minor- $910,000,000 while tobacco uses ities have been established, and up $1,964,000,000 and intoxi- The late Dr. Ephraim Scott and with the exception of Halifax, cants and narcotics $2,325,000,- new and often expensive build- 000. Various luxuries, semi-lux- Prof. E. Lloyd Morrow wrote ings have been erected (304-5). uries and wasteful expenditures alone use up about six times as from the Presbyterian stand- "The net result therefore in much as is spent on religious and certain towns has been the estab- philanthropic service for :human point, and the United Church lishment of twenty-two minority welfare. congregations to offset seventeen case was presented by the late consolidations, a net aggregate Mr. Vickery then goes on to increase of five churches in the show the present human need in Dr. S. D. Chown. Now an out- 104 towns as a result of church America, the poverty stricken, union" (Page 323). the ignorant, the handicapped, sider appears and after diligent the orphaned, the sick, the aged, For this failure to make union the unemployed, the vicious. He research and examination re- complete and its ideals attain- pointed out the inadequacy of able through the United Church church and private charitiesports the fruit of his labors. The the author places a measure of numerous as they are. It is the blame upon the leaders in favor aim of the Golden Rule Founda- Director, Rev. C. E. Silcox, was of union, but assigns the larger tion to coordinate and to coop- share to the non-concurring erate with existing charities, both painstaking and assiduous Presbyterians. Opinions her e making known the needs, gath- must differ. One weakness of the ering and distributing funds as in this undertaking. Whatever inquiry to us is the seeming as- they are supplied. Golden Rule sumption that the virtue of or- Sunday, and Golden Rule Week the merit of his conclusions he ganic church union does not with self-denial dinners, form a admit of question and that this worthy and practical institution. has placed the churches under scheme in particular merited unanimous support. Many other valuable features great obligation for the valuable are included in the volume- W. M. ROCHESTER, poems, giving alphabet, quotainformation, ecclesiastical, so- Editor, The Presbyterian tions on giving, a dramatic sketch, suggestions for Christcial, and political he has gath- Record, Toronto. mas and anniversary gifts, for supplementing the family income ered, making this volume in The Golden Rule Book. Compiled and for budgeting. and Edited by Charles V. Vickery. many particulars a reliable work 12 mo. 194 pp. $1. The Golden In the S,ecret of His Presence. By G. Rule Foundation. New York. 1933. H. Knight. 8 vo. 230 pp. 3s 6d. of reference. , Pickering and Inglis. London. 1933. Here is an excellent compila- Certain important conclusions tion of suggestions for a "prac- Every Christian feels the need tical recovery program for every for a life of quiet communion of the author are plain: 1. The household and individual." It with God. The more busy the links "The Old Ideal and the New life the greater is the need for Union is not complete. This is Deal." After presenting some time to be alone with the Father, very definite lessons from the to hear Him speak and to speak known in Canada. Press refer- depression experiences, with to Him. This devotional volume many interesting illustrations will help make this spiritual exences to the United Church of from life, Mr. Vickery takes up perience real, fruitful, practical our national wealth. By figures – for ministers, missionaries, Canada declare it to be a merger and charts he shows that Amer- teachers or any earnest lay ica is far from poverty stricken Christians. The author, with of the three bodies, Presbyteri- since the United States, for simplicity and clearness, shows only seven per cent of the world's how quiet times may be made ans, Methodist, and Congrega- population posseses 74% of the times of vision and of strength; world's automobiles, 62% of t!te how courage and joy displace tionalist. In its reference to the fear, discouragement and disap- petroleum, 52 % of the corn, 62 '70 pointment. It is not a definitenon – concurring Presbyterians Bible study or a book of experi- of the cotton and a dispropor- ence, but contains truth that and in the complete statistical tionately large share of other will stimulate and nourish spir- natural resources and modern ituallife. report of The Presbyterian manufactured products. Only Church in Canada readers will %% of the national expendi- tures go to the church, 1112 % to learn that only a part of the schools, 81,4 % to crime, 22 % to original Presbyterian Church was merged in the new body.

2. Union in the measure at- tained was born of bitter and protracted strife. Union did not spring from unity. Division in the Presbyterian Church mani- fested itself early and the oppo- sition was strong and growing as seen in the second vote which in the interval of four years showed an increase for union of 600, and an increase of 23,000 against union (Page 173). This strife left, "a legacy of bitter- ness which separated friends, ~nd broke churches, communi- ties, and the nation at large into fighting factions" (Page 463).

3. Contention prevailed after union and is likely to prevail for some time in the form of litiga- tion, as a consequence of the in- corporating the United Church.

4. The ends sought by Union, prevention of overlapping and economy, have not been reached.

Books v "PROPHECY!!

Something Happened. Mildred Cable The Living Religions of the Indian Keith L. Brooks' monthly magazine is something and FraneeS<:.a French. 5;. RQdder People. Nicol Macnicol. 324 pp. & Stoughton. London. lOs. 6d. Student Christian Move- prophetic students never do without after seeing ment Press. London. Send 10 cents, year $1.00 The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia. one copy. L. E. Browne. 198 pp. lOs. 6d. Glimpses of Uganda. K. M. E. Lil- Cambridge University Press. Lon- lingston. 73 pp. Church Missionary BROOKS PUBLISHEIlS don. Society. London. 2003 Addison Way Los Anllele., Calif. Samuel Marsden. S. M. Johnstone. Christ and Japan. Toyohiko Kagawa. 256 pp. 7s. 6d. Australian Book 150 pp. $1.00 cloth, 50 cents paper. Obituary Notes Co. London. Friendship Press. 1934. Dr. H. T. McLaughlin, who went to Back of the Mountain. Mary Brew- The Eclipse of Christianity in Asia. Egypt under the United Presbyterian ster Hollister. 155 pp. $1.25. L. E. Browne. 200 pp. $3.50. Cttm,. Board in 1898, died recently. He was Revell. New York. bridge University Press. London. the last of this church's pioneers to Macmillan. New York. the Sudan. Come lIoly Spirit. Carl Barth and Eduard Thurneysen. 287 pp. $2. Fresh Sp!jngs-C. M. S. Story of the *** Round Table Press. New York. Year 1933. Phyllis L. Garlick. 127 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. Rev. J. H. Holmes, an L. M. S. mis- The Di$Coverers of the Fiji Islands- London. sionary in Papua for 28 years, died Tasman, Cook, Bligh, Wilson, Bel- in London early in May. He had lings}lausen. G. C. Henderson. 342 Grace, Child of the Gobi. Mildred translated the New Testament into pp. 18s. Murray. London. Cable and Francesca French. 67 the language of the Naman tribes. pp. 35 cents. China Inland Mis- A Survey of Religion in South Africa, sions. Philadelphia. *** 1933. 86 pp. 2s. 9d. So. Mrican National S. S. Assn. Port Eliza- Gold Mountain. Philip F. Payne. Mrs. H. V. Noyes, missionary for beth. 150 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents paper. 48 years, died in Toronto, Canada, Friendship Press. New York. February 1. She was the mother of New Learning in Old Egypt. Erd- Dr. W. D. Noyes of the Ea;:;tern Can- man Harris. 99 pp. Association A Japanese Grandmother. Emma G. ada Chinese Mission. Mrs. Noyes Press. New York. Lippard. 62 pp. 75 cents. Re;rell. went to Siam in 1872 with Mrs. Sam- New York. uel House to establish a girls' board- Hospitals Overseas. (Africa and the ing school at Bangkok. The work East Series) Illus. Map. 88 pp. The Rainbow Bridge-A Study of was successful and in 1876 she left Is. C. M. S. London. Paganism. John Strong Newberry. Siam to work among Chinese in Cali- 346 pp. $3.75. Houghton Mifflin. fornia, and then sailed for China with Myths and Legends of the Bantu. New York. her husband. Alice Werner. IIlus. 336 pp. 15s. Harrttp. London. Second Hand-A Story of Mission II If you use Work in Japan. Emma G. Lippllrd. A Short History of Religions. E. E. 158 pp. 75 cents. United Lutheran PRINTING Kellett. 607 pp. 5s. Gollancz. Pub. House. Philadelphia. London. Y OU will profit from an ac- The Second Coming of Christ. Henry quaintanceship with us. We Origins of Sacrifice-A Study in W. Frost. 251 pp. $1.50. Eerd- do the job complete in our own Comparative Religion. E. O. James. mans. Grand Rapids, Mich. plant, whether it be large or 314 pp. lOs. 6d. Murray. London. small. Suzuki Looks at Japan. Willis La- Charles W. Abel of Kwato. Russell mott. 227 pp. $1.00 cloth, 60 cents W. Abel. 255 pp. IIlus. $2.00. Re- paper. Friendship Press. New vell. New York. York.

Thinking Missions with Christ. Sam- Twice-Born Men. Hy Pickering. 144 uel M. Zwemer. 140 llll. $1.50. Zon.- pp. Is. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- dervan Pub. House. Grand Rapids, don. Mich. Whipping Post Theology or Did Je- The Romance of Labrador. Sir Wil- sus Atone for Disease. W. E. Bie- fred Grenfell. 328 pp. $4.00. Mac- derwolf. 305 pp. $1.50. Eerdmllns. millan. New York. Grand Rapids, Mich.

An African Prophet. W. J. Platt. 156 Personal Items While our specialty is Books, pp. 2s. 6d. Student Christian Maga<;ines and Pamphlets, yet Movement Press. London. (Concluded frlYm second cover.) we have a variety of IIlodern equipment to meet all the re- Sunday School Dr. Samuel A. Moffett, of the quirements of your particular Chosen Presbyterian Mission, has re- job. You will find our service Supplies ceived from the Imperial Educational prompt, careful and courteous. Association of Japan its gold medal Sound, splnluu/ for "distinguished service in the cause Will you allow us to estimate of education in Chosen." on your next printing? We be- ~ni1ns oT/1Ie lieve you will be delighted with JOlJn~I~ODlfS~KKiiefll~1 ·/IoArVoeilrDnl'IoIfnII1oInlimol/io~n~s ** * our product, price and service.

'Mile for Dr. A. E. Armstrong, Secretary of The EVANGELICAL PRESS the United Church of Canada, has left and to visit several mission fields of the Print.,., of church in Asia. The Missionary Review of the World *** PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE Third end Refly Streets Hlrrlsburg, PI. Dr. Robert M. Hopkins, Secretary of the World's Sunday School Associa- tion attended the meeting of Congo Missions, held in June with Dr. John R. Mott.

MOSLEM

SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, Editor SOME ARTICLES IN THE JULY, NUMBER: Religious Liberty ………… , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . …………. Robert E. Speer Toward Re-Thinking Missions ……………………………….. Julius Richter Th e M ecca P 'gIn' mage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1j CHl.auUd.eWL.eoSntanPtiocnkens I ''The Son of Mary" ……………………………………. Eric F. F. Bishop i Islam and the Soviets in Central Asia. . ………………………… Paul Catrice The Arabs of Oman …………………………………. ~~~W~~a~~~~~ Moslems in Capetown .,. . . . .. . …………………………. A. R. Hampson Head-Dress as Symbol ……………………….. "………… Pierre Crabites Current Topics …… Book Reviews ……Survey of Periodicals SUBSCRIBE TODAY « Address THE MOSLEM WORLD 156 FIlth Avenu. N.w Yorlc CIty Single copies, SOc.j Annual Subscription, $2.00 j in Combinlltion with the REVIEW, $3.S0 (Foreign postage for Review, SOc. extra) MARSHALL, MORGAN a SCOTT, 12 Pll….osler Bulldln••, LOIIdolt Prlc.ln Gr••1Brlleln, Eishl Shlllln••, net S:ook lOft OU-t ~peciul ?2umh~ ongupu", OCTOBER. 1934-Maps, Illustrations, Statistics Japan–·A Problem or a Challenge ……………………Charles W. Iglehart Present Day Religion in Japan …………………………A. K. Reischauer New Phases in Shinto ……………………………………A. A. Pieters The Youth of Japan-·-Whither? …………………………..Willis Lamott A Christian Rural Program ……………………………Edward M. Clark Newspaper Evangelism in Japan ………………………..Murray Walton The Influence of Christianity ………………………..S. H. Wainwright Christian Education in Japan ……………………………….. L. J. Shafer Japanese Views of Christian Missions …………………….E. C. Hennigar Overlapping in Japan " ……………….. , ……………..Wm. M. Vories ~~~~~~~ SEND YOUR ADVANCE ORDERS NOW TO ~~~~~~~ THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Third and Reily Streets, HarrisbUIg. Pa.

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The Missionary Review of the World — November 1930

Episcopal Church, South, and 802 ~

COMING EVENTS by using nationalism as a last defense, and, with their back to the wall, making November 1O-18–WORLD ALLIANCE FOR a final struggle to hold their age-long INTERNATIONAL F R lEN D S HIP and world-wide heritage. If ever the THROUGH THE CHURCHES, Washing- Church needed to know the non-Chris- ton, D. C. tian religions and philosophies, it is now. If ever the history of religions deserved November 30-December 5-NoRTH AMER- a place in the theological curriculum, it ICAN HOME MISSIONS CONGRESS, is today." Washington, D. C. Professor Zwemer asserted that the December 11-12-INTERDENOMINATIONAL purpose of missions stands sure, and its CONGRESS ON MEN'S WORK, Cincin- accomplishment is certain because it is nati, Ohio. the carrying out of a God-given commis- sion. Nevertheless, he said, sympathy January 19-22, 1931-CONFERENCE ON with and understanding of, the other THE CAUSE AND CURE OF WAR, religions is the only means whereby the Washington, D. C. missionary and preacher can begin his evangelistic work with any hope of suc- January 20 -21, 1931 – COUNCIL OF cess, for they all contain broken lights CHURCH BOARDS OF EDUCATION, In- which are gathered up in the intense dianapolis, Ind. light of Christ, who is the Light of Light, and the unique and supreme PERSONALS manifestation of God.

DR. ELEANOR DODSON, who went out *** to India in 1895 and has been in charge of the C. M. S. hospital at Multan for BISHOP FRANCIS J. MCCONNELL, Presmany years, received the Kaisar-i-Hind ident of the Federal Council of the medal, as a fitting tribute to her devoted Churches of Christ in America, sailed work for the women of the Central Pun- October 22 for India to fulfil his duties jab. as Barrows Lecturer in university cen- ters there. The appointment was made . * * *' jointly by the University of Chicago, as Trustee of the Barrows Lectures to RONALD D. REES has been appointed India, and the Indian Central Executive as the successor to Dr. Henry T. Hodg- Council at Simla. Bishop McConnell kin as British secretary of the National will remain in India for three months. Christian Council of China. This body, The theme of his lectures will be the which links together practicalIy the application of Christianity to social whole of Christian work in China, is pre- problems and movements. ponderatingly Chinese, but the Chinese themselves have insisted that they shall OBITUARY continue to have the assistance of another Britisher. Mr. Rees is a Wesleyan THE REV. JONATHAN J. SCHRAG a miswho went to China for the Methodists in sionary of the China Mennonite Mission 1922. He is Professor of History at Society, died in India on his way to Lingnan University and has traveled America. He and Mrs. Schrag went to widely in China on behalf of the Y. M. China in 1908 to work with the newly C. A. started first Mennonite mission under the leadership of the Rev. H. C. Bartel *** in the robber infested district of Tsao- chowfu, in the Province of Shangtung. THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D., Here they labored untiringly year in and LL.D., F.R.G.S., distinguished mission- year out for twenty-one years, with only ary leader and world famous as "the one furlough. For the last six years modern apostle to the Moslem World," Mr. Schrag was the main teacher of the was installed in the new Chair of His- men's department of the Bible Training tory of Religion and Christian Missions School, preparing most of the lessons in Princeton Theological Seminary, Oc- and textbooks himself by painstaking tober first. In his inaugural address study and tedious translation. He was Dr. Zwemer pointed out that it is the a consecrated missionary whose death is duty of the theological student and the deeply mourned. prospective missionary to study the non- Christian religions in order that giving *** "full credit to all the elements of truth and beauty" that may be discovered in THE REV. WILLIAM MATZAT, missionthem, the Christian may be prepared to ary of the Lutheran Church, died very "preach Jesus Christ who is altogether suddenly September 2, at Tsimo, China. truth and beauty, because in Him dwells all the fulness of the Godhead bodily." * »0 »0 "Buddhism, Hinduism, Shintoism and THE REV. JOHN STUBBS, a missionary Islam are, it is true, disintegrating, but of the Baptist Mission Society died July they are themselves conscious of this 18 at the Isle of Wight at the age of fact and are therefore everywhere mak- eighty-one. ing attempts to hold fast their age-long heritage by adapting themselves to new *** conditions, by adopting Christian thought or vocabulary, by carrying on DR. WILLIAM WASHINGTON PINSON active propaganda even in western lands, former secretary of missions of th~ widely known throughout Southern Methodism, died at his home in Nash- Are You Sick? ville, Tenn., October 7, following a three months' illness. He was seventy-six Are You Discouraged? years old. Dr. Pinson, originator of the Centenary of Missions movement of his Are You Financially denomination, has been writing mission- Distressed? ary literature for the Sunday School Board for the last four years.

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REVIEW OF THE WORLD A LIFE DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editor INCOME ABTHVB J. BIlDWN, Editor Jor lD30 FOR YOU CONTENTS-November, 1930 Give generously to Foreign Missions. Your gift will F'RONTISPIECE Page 804 return yon rXDER OUR FLAG IN '£HE ORIENT 4Yz% to 9% PER YEAR • •.••••.••••••••• GEORGE H • ..rrRULL 805 for the rest of your life 'rHE CHINESE PUZZLE ………….. . under the Annuity Gift Plan, thus relieving you …………… DELAVAN L. PIERSON 811 of worry caused by changing values of ordinary investments. REGISTRATION O~' C H R 1ST I AN SCHOOLS IN CHINA …………. . A reserve fund of over $1,500,000 · •••••.••••••• .b-"REDERICK H. GRAVES 818 guarantees the prompt payment of annuities to you. )JE'l'HODIST CHURCH IN MEXICO OR- ORGANIZED ……………….. . Protect yourself against loss throug-h ••.• • BISHOP :""'RANCIS J. MCCONNELL 820 unwise investments and at the same time help send the gospel to all the )IEXICAN PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH world. COMES OF AGE … L. P. VAN SLYKE 822 For full information write YOUTH AND MISSIONS .. SUE WEODE"'_ 824 ERNEST F. HALL, Secretary, NEGROES HONORED FOR DISTIN- Dept. of Annuities GUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS …… 829 THE BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS nOME MISSIONS CONGRESS OF CHURCH LEADERS …………. . of the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. • ••••••••••••.••• CHARI,ES STELZLE 833 156 FIFTH AVENUE :: NEW YORK WORLD CONGREGATIONALISM AT An Income That BOURNEMOUTH …………….. 835 Will Not Shrink WHAT AGREEMENTS ARE NECES· Do you want such an income? SARY TO CHURCH UNION, …… 836 It can be secured through Annuity Is AGREEMENT ON CHURCH ORGANIZA- Agreements.

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LIII, No. 11 November

THE MISSIONARY 1f,eWO..~~~ UNDER OUR FLAG IN THE ORIENT BY THE REV. GEORGE H. TRULL Secretary lor Specific Work oj the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions} New York F LAGS were at half-mast for equal to the size of New York and ex-President Taft when we the New England States. landed in Manila. He is re- The country reminded us of membered with high regard in the Siam with its rice fields and water Philippines for it was he who, as buffaloes to work them, its forests Governor, inaugurated civil gov- of cocoanut palms and the begin- ernment July 4, 1901. The visitor nings of groves of rubber trees and today is impressed with the ap- teak, and the people cordial and pearance of the water front, the friendly. The population of the fine harbor, the splendid docks, the entire archipelago is about 12,000,- well-paved boulevard leading into 000. Spanish is the language of the city, other fine streets, the sub- cultUre, English that of commerce, stantial public buildings, and the and there are several native dia- air of busy activity so typical of lects. One has no difficulty in be- the average American city. There ing understood in English, wher- is an older section with narrow ever schools are found, as this is sfreets an'd buildings of Spanish the language in which education is type, as well as native houses of given. In one of the provincial the familiar nipa and bamboo con- high schools we noticed this slogan struction, veritable tinder boxes. on the wall of a corridor, "Speak This was proved when a fire broke English and Talk to the World."

out while we were in the city. In "Is the independence movement an incredibly short time it de- strong?" I inquired soon after my stroyed several hundred houses arrival. "A group of the educated over an area of five blocks and left class are promoting it, while the 2,500 people homeless. great mass of the folk know little There are 7,038 islands in the about it and are content with ex- Archipelago, many of which, how- isting conditions," I was told. It ever, are little more than a few would be strange indeed if the rocks, but there are 466 with an Philippines, autonomous sin c e area of more than one square mile 1915 and lying sO near to the lands each, and eleven of substantial size. that within the last two decades The total area of all of the islands have experienced such tremendous is 114,000 square miles, about political overturnings, were not 805

imbued with the nationalistic spir- line, passed substantial public it. We drove past the residence buildings and splendid high schools of Aguinaldo, famous insurrection- in three principal centers. "All of ist leader of the early days of these evidences of progress are the America's occupation. He is now result of the work of the past a loyal supporter of American sov- thirty years," said our companion. ereignty in the islands and has not More progress has been made in identified himself with the Inde- popular education, in the building pendence leaders. Personally, we of highways and railroads, in infeel that the question should be ter-island communication, in mudecided on other grounds than that nicipal government and reform in of the amount of Philippine sugar or other native products that the past three decades than in the should come into the United States. previous four centuries. There are deeper questions than that of the dollar that enter in. One sign for motorists attracted our attention on the outskirts of In spite of any mistakes and one of the provincial towns. It criticisms, America has in the past read, "Drive slow and see our thirty years" with the cooperation town; drive fast and see our jail." of the Filipino people, wrought a Perhaps it would have a good psymarvelous transformation in the chological effect if used on Amerislands. There is now political and ican highways. We kept out of religious liberty; municipal and provincial government are elective; the calaboose in this Filipino town, the Governor General, the Vice- but our casualties for the trip Governor, the Insular Auditor and were one dog and two chickens. the nine Justices of the Supreme These animals and also pigs fre- Court, five American and four quent the road in considerable Filipino, are the only appointees numbers. The dogs seem to enjoy from Washington; thousands of taking siestas either by the road- Filipinos are in government em- side close to traffic or in the middle ploy, things unknown under Span- of the road. They are loth to move ish domination. Formerly epi- until a car is almost on top of demics of cholera, plague and them. The carabao, or water bufsmallpox were common, now un- falo, is also a slow mover when it known. The public health service comes to getting out of the way, is one of the best in the world. but fleet of foot if angered by a foreigner and after him. They Illiteracy has been reduced from seem to know readily the difference 70 per cent to less than 50 per cent. between natives and foreigners. We saw schools everywhere we With their long horns they can intraveled throughout the islands. flict dangerous and even fatal Railway mileage has been in- wounds. As we came along we creased tenfold and over 6,000 saw a Plymouth roadster a commiles of good highways have been plete wreck in the ditch, result of built. Within a six hours' drive through two of the provinces in 35 miles an hour attempt to avoid Luzon, we covered about 100 miles contact with a water buffalo. As through valleys and over moun- in other parts of the Orient, the motor car has come to the Philiptains. We crossed streams and pines in large numbers and it is g 0 r g e s on well-built bridges, breaking down provincialism here as everywhere else. Crowded crossed and re-crossed the railway buses passed us on all the roads.

UNDER OUR FLAG IN THE ORIENT

If any person asks why there are the Twenty-third Annual Com- foreign missionaries in the Philip- mencement of the Union Theo- pines, the reply is because of the logical Seminary was held. This need of evangelical Christianity institution is maintained by the there as well as in our own towns Methodist, United Brethren, Dis- in the United States. Protestants ciples, Congregational and Presby- therefore went to the Philippines, terian Churches. It confers the and they have been welcomed, in B.A. degree as well as the B.D., spite of opposition and consider- and also the degree of Bachelor of able persecution in the early days. Philosophy. The valedictorian of From the first, comity has been largely practiced and distinct areas have been agreed upon for cultiva- tion by different branches of the evangelical bodies. Within less than a month, of Admiral Dewey's victory at Manila Bay, the Presby- terians planned for entering the Philippines. The Rev. and Mrs.

James B. Rodgers, were the first pioneers. They were transferred by the Board from Brazil, where their experience in a Latin-Ameri- can field peculiarly fitted them for the problems to be faced in the Philippines. The first station was opened in Manila in 1899. Two years later the Evangelical Union, composed of seven of the nine de- nominational missions operating in the Philippines, was organized and has been a powerful force ever since. In 1928 there was a union ELLINWOOD BIBLE SCHOOL of the Filipino Congregational, GRADUATES United Brethren and Presbyterian the Arts graduates was a young Churches to form "the United woman, whose address was ex- Evangelical Church of the Philip- traordinarily good-sermonic in pine Islands." All evangelical form and substance. The address churches in the Islands were in- could be used effectively as a ser- vited to join and at the present mon in any pulpit. One of the youn~ time several have indicated a de- men graduating as a Bachelor of sire to enter the union if the way Philosophy is blind. His relatives becomes clear. At present the and classmates read his lessons to United Evangelical Church has a him. He stood high in his class.

membership of about 30,000 which, He is a lovable character and idol- together with the membership of ized by his fellow students. He other evangelical churches, consti- has his Bible in the Braille text tutes a combined strength of ap- for the blind. It constitutes a li- proximately 100,000 communicants brary of thirteen volumes, which as already mentioned. when piled one upon another reach The day of our arrival in Manila a height of six feet.

The Ellinwood Bible School for miles south of Manila, and the Girls furnishes l}reparation for trade and shipping center for the young women as deaconesses or as entire southern district of the evangelistic workers. The Union Archipelago. It is also an educa- High School provides excellent tional center. The University of training for both girls and boys the Philippines has a Junior Colunder Christian auspices. The lege here and there are also a govdormitories house not only pupils ernment normal school and a large enrolled in any of the schools men- provincial high school. In order tioned, but also students in the to reach this large student body the University of the Philippines near Mission has established hostels for by. There are Filipino congrega- girls and for boys and a Student tions in other parts of the city and Center which attracts large numin the outstations of Pasig and bers daily. There is a ready wel- Cavite near by. These houses of come here, an atmosphere of worship are very plain and simple, friendliness, and a Christian uplift but doubtless within the means of that cannot fail to impress those the congregations to sustain. As who enter. Bible classes and yet Protestantism has not won to church services are held regularly its outspoken support many of the and also a weekly class in Chris- Filipinos of large means. Roman tian Stewardship. The large audi- Catholicism for more than four torium for church services and centuries has held sway, and has other gatherings is the finest of its the allegiance of the cultured kind that we have seen in the Isclasses, nominal in many cases lands. This institution was a however. To become a Protestant mighty good investment. It affords means to break family ties in the a fine opportunity for direct permajority of cases, and to invite to sonal contacts with the large stusome extent social and commercial ostracism. This is the price which dent body. some have gladly paid, while others Bradford Memorial Chapel in hesitate or are secret disciples. It is well, perhaps, that the growth memory of "A Christian Mother," of the Evangelical Church should as the tablet on the wall indicates, be slow. It is far better that it be particularly attracted me because composed of persons of deep reli- of its simple architectural beauty gious conviction and who value the and because I knew personally this principles of Protestantism, than godly Christian mother as one of to be crowded with a large group the most devoted members of the whose profession might be merely Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church that of nom ina I Christianity. in New York. I could not leave the Manila is today a city of the mod- building without a prayer that her ern world, with all the problems of beautiful spirit might continue to :'1.fluence the lives of those who secularism and materialism that knew and loved her, and that the one finds in an American city. church's influence through its pres- These forces challenge the Chris.. ent membership might spread far tian Church for control of the and wide through the community lives of its inhabitants. and beyond. There is a vast dis- trict to be reached from the city of Next to Manila in size and im- Cebu as a center, for the Island is portance is the city of Cebu, on the larger than Rhode Island and has island of the same name, 400 a population of over one million.

Our southern itinerary took us The Institute began with enrol- as far as Dumaguete, on the Island ment of fifteen boys in 1901. Now of Negros, a night's ride on the the enrolment is 974 from 39 prov- boat from Cebu. Though we ar- inces in the Philippines and from rived before 6 A. M., there was a Siam. The students are Filipinos, large committee from the station Chinese, Siamese and Americans.

to meet us. Dumaguete is synony- Thirty Americans are engaged in mous in. missionary vocabulary teaching, twenty-n i n e Filipinos with Silliman Institute, the out- and forty-nine student instructors standing evangelical educational and assistants. In the Bible School institution of the Islands. The department there are ten Ameri- story of its growth is a romance. can instructors. D uri n g the When I was a student in Princeton twenty-nine years of the school's Theological Seminary, I had no existence, more than 15,000 stu- idea that the quiet, unassuming dents have been enrolled. Alumni fellow student, David S. Hibbard, and former students have become would become the guiding genius governors of provinces. members of an institution on the other side of the legislature, professors in of the world whose name would be- universities, prominent lawyers, come a hou'sehold word in mission physicians, nurses, Y. M. C. A. sec- circles. He has insisted upon re- retaries and ministers of the Gos- signing from the presidency to pel.

which he has given twenty-nine As we journeyed through the years of his life, feeling that the Islands, we were impressed by the future demands of the work are large number of students in the beyond his strength. In the college elementary and high schools and annual issued by the graduating in the colleges, both in Manila and class this year, it is said of Dr. in the provinces. If one includes Hibbard that "His Catholicity of all the schools, the number of stusympathy and humanity of outlook, dents in Manila is nearly 90,000. and his faith in the Filipino people There are 7,000 in the University have actuated him to sacrifice much of the Philippines. There is a in order that he might carry the school population of a little more Gospel of an abundant life to our than 3,000,000 with an enrolment country, and whose sterling char- of 1,111,509 in the public schools acter we respect and admire." In and 84,685 in private schools. 1926, the Provincial Board of About 36 per cent of those of Oriental Negros, the Province in which Silliman Institute is located, school age are enrolled in the schools. In round numbers, it may presented to Dr. Hibbard a bronze be said that for every child in tablet, now upon the wall of Silli- school in the Islands there are two outside. Thirty years ago the man Hall, reading: In sincere appreciation of 27 years transport Thomas brought nearly of unselfish service and loyal friend- 600 trained American teachers to ship and because of his unfailing sym- the Philippines to start the Ameripathy in the hopes and aspirations of can-Philippine Public School Systhe Filipino people, the Provincial tem. The work began with an en- Board of Oriental Negros has de- rolment of about 160,000 pupils clared David Sutherland Hibbard to and with about 4,000 teachers. be an adopted ·son of the Province. In Today, there are more than 1,000,- testimony thereto this tablet has been 000 pupils and 27,000 school teachhere placed, April 25th, 1926.

ers. Most of the latter are Fili- high schools and in the Forestry, pinos, about ninety-nine out of Agricultural and Veterinary De- each one hundred. Roughly speak- partments of the University of the ing, one per cent are Americans. Philippines located in Los Banos.

This is a tribute to the success of We visited this area and observed the system, as, within a generation, with delight the good work that is the public school has practically being done by the Rev. and Mrs. created its own teaching force. Hugh Bousman stationed at Los While there are still many children Banos as a center. They are interoutside of schools, the present en- ested in the social activities of the rolment fills the schools that exist. students and in their personal The immediate need is provision problems. Near the campus of the of additional buildings, and the colleges mentioned, we have a neat Government aims in time to pro- and attractive college chapel and vide education for every child. readim", room, the center of the re- The most popular courses are ligious life of all who wish to come. those which lead to the so-called We visited Batangas, within the "white collar jobs." The agricul- area of Mr. Bousman's work. He tural and trade schools should have was holding a series of meetings larger enrolments if the needs of the country are to be met. There with the high school students every is a danger of overstock of gradu- afternoon for a week in the Evanates in the arts, as in I,ndia. Ef" gelical Church. Forty-three of the students in this group signed cards fort should be made to correct this at the close of a week's meetings, situation as far as it is possible indicating their desire to lead a to do so, before a situation like that Christian life. They were not inin India develops 'a large and increasing group of college students vited to sever their connection with too proud for manual work. the Roman Catholic Church, but were told to attend whatever There is a great opportunity for church would best minister to their personal work among the youth, spiritual need. They were encourespecially among the students aged to pray and to read the Scripof the provincial high schools tures daily. This is the sort of throughout the Islands. No reli- work that is being done by several gious instruction is given in these missionaries of various evangelical schools. The Government has churches among the students, and erected fine school buildings, but it good results are being obtained. makes little provision for the proper housing of the students who Four years ago there was held come from a distance. Dormito- in Manila a convention of nearly ries have been erected in some 600 Protestant Filipino young peoplaces by Protestant m iss ion ple. They drew up a statement deboards to house some of the stu- claring their readiness to follow dents, and the Roman Catholics Christ's call to build His Kingdom have followed our example, seeing in the Philippines and to win the the opportunity for personal touch youth of the Islands to Him, also and influence. In Manila there are their belief in a United Evangelical about 25,000 students, and in five Church of the Philippines that provinces, south of Manila, there should carry the spirit of Jesus and is an area in which there are 9,000 His religion to every portion of the students enrolled in the various Orient where He is unknown.

FRO~I TIlE

THE CHINESE PUZZLE Glimpses of a Nation in Transfor:rnation TRAVEL LETTER No. 8 BY DELAVAN L. PIERSON " FOREIGN devils! Foreign When we compare the China of devils." The children of today with the pre-Boxer days, Canton thus expressed their China seems to have made marvel- OpInIOn of us. We thought that ous progress. The antiquated we looked harmless and friendly Manchu dynasty with its eunuchs and that the ancient prejudice and elaborate court functions, has against white faces and foreign been overthrown and a Republic clothes had disappeared since the has been established-at least in "Boxer" Uprising. We were un- name. In place of five treaty ports, able to penetrate far into the interi- the whole country is open to for- or of China, as we had hoped to eign settlement. Railroads have do, for conditions are so unsettled been built, thousands of automo- that a return ticket might prove bile busses have been introduced, useless.* and airplane routes are in opera- China proved an interesting puz- tion. Modern factories have zle. Like some sold in gift shops, sprung up, equipped with the latest it is intricate and composed of machinery. We landed in Shang- many curious parts; but, unlike hai on May first to find that there those puzzles, no one either Chinese was in effect a modern strike which or foreigner seems to possess the had stopped all the electric trams key fo,r its solution. and motor busses. The police were aft·e;V~i~Wl~~d ~n~h~~~~n~,n e~~lat~~~~l fti~~ armed ready for trouble and for- eigners were advis.ed to keep off ~t~l~~~~n'h~?~iaC~sur~~.'is mi~~01,;~~fee:.ri~~ ;~~~ the streets if possible. We did not have time to follow the advice; to Soochow, one of the walled cities, and to Many other m·odern and foreign r:u~kiTfi;nI~in,Cilp!l~lng L:[idr'~r;k{r~~~tedR!t~~~: t ' t t I' ons h ave been I'ntroduced ing from J ap an, WP aga in vi sited Shanp-h ai a nd I• nS I U proceeded to Ho ngkollg ano! Call ton,-D. L . P.

811

into China-clothes, food, a mod- waited thirty years for the auspi- ernized army and navy, foreign cious date.

education, literature and science, Ancient transportation is far movies and dances, telegraph, tele- more prevalent in China than mod- phone and wireless. Women have ern modes. Sampans and junks unbound their feet and men have ply the rivers. Wheelbarrows, cut off their queues. Foreign re- mule litters, sedan chairs and ligion has penetrated all parts of Peking carts convey millions of the country and Christian churches travelers who can afford not to have been established in thousands walk. Men and women strain at of towns and cities. Truly China drawing immense loads of stone or has greatly changed in the past iron which in other countries thirty years–at least on the sur- would be moved only by horses, face. camels, elephants or motor power.

When we go deeper or more into Ancient methods of manufacture the interior, far away from port are still far more common than cities, it seems that China has not modern. Soochow, a twenty-five radically changed. This makes hundred year old walled city and the Chinese puzzle difficult to solve. one time capital of the Wu King- Those who have been in the coun- dom, is only two hours from try longest and have studied the Shanghai by rail. There we saw people and their customs most cotton cloth being polished by huge carefully, see beneath external granite rollers rocked by the feet changes the same hoary customs, of men. Hanging to an overhead superstitions, philosophy and be- pole they rocked the stone back and liefs. China is too great a country forth over the smooth surface of a to change quickly and completely. wooden roller, until a few inches We sailed in a modern steamer ,o.f the cloth was polished; then up the Pei-ho (river) to Tientsin. they shifted the cotton and began On the way we passed two dead again. For this labor they receive bodies of men floating naked in the twenty cents (Mexican) a day, stream. No one seemed to care and (about seven cents).

no man would draw them ashore In the same way countless other lest he be accused of complicity in ·industries are carried on by hand.

the death. We also passed acre In Canton we saw small boys of upon acres of land covered with fourteen or fifteen cutting blocks small and large mounds. These ,o.f jade with a metal disk operated are graves, and they are found by a tread wheel. Other very everywhere in China, occupying small boys were carving ivory, for land that is sorely needed for culti- which work they are paid a few vation. In Japan cremation has cents a day.

been ordained by the law in order . Before the world, China's gov- to conserve valuable land, but in ernment seems to be based on mod- China the ancient belief persists ern principles, but beneath are that to disturb ancestral graves is found many characteristics of the not only impious but will bring dis- autocracy and corrupUon of the aster. In Canton we saw a "City days of the Empress Dowager.

of the Dead" where bodies are kept The same oriental spirit seems to untn some soothsayer declares the prevail, governed by the idea that propitious time and place for bur- a public office is for private gain ial. Some bodies are said to have and to ~nable the official to grant

THE CH1NESE PUZZLE

favors to his friends. While we so wounded were brought into the were prevented by unsettled con- Soochow hospitals. ditions and lack of time from traveling far into the interior, we The old tradition that "saving were fortunate in meeting, at the the face" is more important than excellent Missionary Home in saving the country is responsible Shanghai, missionaries from all for much of the present trouble of parts of China. From every dis- China. Government officials protrict came the word that the Chi- claim reforms to the world, reneseare out of patience with the forms which they do not intend Nationalist Government. (apparently) to carry out. They thus give an impression of ideal- "It is the worst we ever had," is ism which is not in their real prothe discouraged statement 6f many gram. To proclaim is one thing, Chinese. Famine prevails in Shan- to perform is another. si and Shantung, but the Government does nothing. Bandits and This seems to be true in the govpirates are active, even near the ernment's educational program. large cities, but the Government is The old Confucian system, with its powerless to protect life and property. The taxes are more oppres- RUINED BY COMMUNIS'l'S sive than ever, and yet men who pay them receive no benefit. The virtues and its vices, has been abolmoney collected goes to selfish of- ished and a new system has been ficials and to maintain an ineffec- introduced based on occidental tive army and useless navy. "We textbooks and methods. In every are compelled to plant opium, in city we saw primary and middle place of food, in order to pay the schools with large buildings and taxes-and this in the face of fam- often with modern equipment. ine." The Government even desires to take over the foreign mission The army and so-called navy, al- schools and colleges. They have though drilled by Europeans and decreed that all these institutions equipped with modern arms, pre~ shall have Chinese principals or sents some pathetic sights. We presidents and a majority, or twosaw a "gunboat" on the Pearl River thirds, of Chinese members on the at Canton that looked like a boy's faculties and boards of control. craft made of Standard Oil tins! But China has not now a sufficient We traveled to Nanking with a number of trained men and women company of "soldiers." They were for these positions. The result is mere boys of fourteen to eighteen inefficiency and even chaos. New years of age-cheaper to support Occidental wine is being put into and less of a present economic loss if they are killed, but show the present weakness of the country and endanger the future. They are said to be reckless with firearms, but many have so little understanding of patriotism and so little interest in the conflict that they wound their own hands to escape from the army. Many

old Chinese wine-skins-with the Christian as principal, or the in- inevitable result. troduction of anti-Christian text- The Chinese are more eager to books, or the installation of un- control their own institutions than reasonably expensive equipment to benefit their country. The pres- for which foreigners must pay.

ent leaders have a greater desire The experience of Cheloo Uni- to exercise power than to confer versity (Shantung Christian Col- benefits. The fact that foreign lege) is a case in point. The story schools and colleges have been built was told me by one of the profes- and are run with foreign funds to sors and the facts were investi- help the Chinese seems to have no gated by a Shantung newspaper or weight with them. In reply to the editor. The students of the Col- statement that in other civilized lege Arts and Sciences went on countries, institutions, not detri- strike (a favorite sport in China), mental to national welfare, are and demanded the resignation of permitted under the complete con- the principal, a Chinese Christian trol of foreigners, even so intelli- of good standing and real ability.

gent a leader as Dr. C. T. Wang, The faculty, the majority being (Minister of Foreign Affairs and Chinese, voted to confer and com- former Y.' M. C. A. Secretary) promise with the strikers. They says "But this is China; we will finally yielded to the student de- do as the Chinese think it best to mands, and the. principal resigned.

do." The students returned to classes There is still much division of for a time, but struck again for opjnion among missionaries as to more modern equipment and a whether mission schools and col- better library. The students al- leges should be registered and sub- ready enjoyed more modern plumb- mit to full government control, or ing in their dormitories than was should carryon as long as possible found in some of the homes of as missionary institutions. The foreign professors, and the library government regulations include contained several thousand vol- (beside a Chinese principal and a umes. The faculty put up notices majority of Chinese on the faculty on the bulletin boards, which were and board of control) the elimina- torn down by student strikers and tion of religion from the curricu- their own substituted. By vote of lum, no compulsory religious the Chinese majority on the facul- services or classes, weekly honors ty, another conference was called.

(some call it worship) before the The strikers occupied the directors'

portrait of Sun Yat Sen; educa- seats in the board room and inti- tion in his Principles, in some cases mated that they had the power to by a government appointed and cause the resignation of any mem- mission paid teacher, the use of ber of the faculty. Foreign mem- government textbooks, compulsory bers of the board were in favor of military drill, and acceptance of all drastic measures, but Chinese government standards. Many of members voted to temporize, plead- these requirements would not be ing with the students to return to objectionable, but others threaten classes. Finally, some demands to destroy the Christian character were granted and the strike was of the institutions. For instance, called off for a time. Next, the the Government may at any time employees of the University were require the appointment of a non- induced by the students to strike.

THE CHINESE PUZZLE

This shut off the light, heat and Confucian ethics are glvmg way water and endangered the lives of before Dr. Sun Yat Sen's "Prin- the sick in the University hospital. ciples." (Extracts from these When girl students refused to join "Principles" are even posted in in the latest strike, obscene and some mission schools.) The old blasphemous posters were put up Buddhist and Taoist religions are on the campus and the girls were fast losing influence over the charged with immoral relations young, and temples are increasing- with professors. A threat was ly neglected and are falling into made to burn the library so that decay. Since there are over 400,- it was necessary to guard it night 000,000 people in China, many and day. temples still attract throngs of At this juncture, a committee of worshipers, but irreligion is rapid- foreign members of the University ly growing.

Board was named to take action. So China is a puzzle, economi- They declared the College of Arts cally, politically, educationally, re- and Sciences closed for the re- ligiously. What is the solution?

mainder of the year and ordered Multitudes of the Chinese appear all the students to go home. They to be discouraged. Poverty has communicated with the Nanking ground them down; famine and Government, visited the dormito- taxes have added to their burdens; ries with police, and enforced the their old religions seem to have order. failed them; their high hopes in The real cause of the trouble Dr. Sun Yat Sen's program and here, which may be repeated else- the success of the Nationalist Gov- where, has been that the Nation- ernment have been disappointed.

alist Party Commissioner of Edu- Some who take an interest in cation for Shantung (who was China's welfare desire a change in educated in France) is strongly government. But will a change anti-foreign and anti-Christian. mean an improvement? Where are He and the local Tung Pu (political the leaders and program that they party organization) incited and can trust?

directed the students, who estab- China has changed remarkably lished a Nationalist Party head- in many ways; it has not changed quarters on the University campus. in more ways. Herein lie the per- Some of the mission schools and plexing factors in the Chinese puz- colleges in China report little zle. The Chinese are discouraged, trouble as a result of registration, and yet they are not discouraged.

but visits to some of the leading Millions go on their way as if noth- Christian schools and colleges, and ing had happened and nothing were interviews with missionaries and happening. No doubt many do not Chinese in and out of direct educa- yet know that there is a "Republic"

tional work, have led to the convic- or that the Empress Dowager is tion that Christian education in no more.

China is in a precarious situation. The Elements of Hope It is a puzzle without any solution in sight. There are two great elements of hope, yes three, for the solution of The Religious Puzzle the present Chinese puzzle. First: The religious situation in China China has been loosed from her old also presents a puzzle. The old moorings and roused out of her

age-long complacency. Her very at the outlook in China had we foundations have been shaken and looked only at external, material she has seen her ancient institu- conditions or at human forces and tions tottering and falling. China leadership. But we are not dis- is awake and is looking for new couraged or pessimistic. Wernet and firmer foundations and a bet- hundreds of Christian mission- ter superstructure. China has not aries who have given their lives to achieved modern ideals for it lacks China. We never met one who ideal leaders, but China is in the showed discouragement. In spite process of development, and in of bandits, warfare, famine, gov- time strong leaders will be devel- ernment opposition, anti-Christian oped. "It will take at least ten or sentiments, and other difficulties fifteen years for China to become and dangers, they are prepared to .

stabilized and at peace," we said to carryon in faith and with faith- a missionary of long experience. fulness. We met missionaries who "You are an optimist," he replied; had been captured by bandits, "we think it will take fifty or one whose property had been de- hundred years, unless progress is stroyed, whose work had been much more rapid than it has been broken up, and whose mission in the past:" buildings have been occupied by Second: There are forces at communist soldiers; but one and work that are changing Chinese all these missionaries are ready to character and laying new founda- carry on. Those who have been called of God to be His witnesses in tions. These are living forces, not China are not ready to resign at materialistic; they are divine the first, or the twenty-first, barforces not merely human. Chris- rier or threatened danger. The tian truth has been planted in spirit that dwelt in Morrison and China and is growing and bearing Hudson Taylor, in Calvin W. Mafruit. Christ is living in the hearts of thousands of Chinese and is teer and Griffith John, in Horace changing their characters and pre- Pitkin and J. Walter Lowrie is not paring them for service. Many dead, and will not die.

Christians are ignorant and weak, In Peiping (Peking) we had the and in many places the Church is great privilege of hearing from Dr.

ineffective, but in multitudes of Ingram, an American Board mis- Chinese, Christ is a living force sionary and one of the survivors of and many churches are proving the Boxer Uprising, tell the thrill- themselves not merely arks for ing story of the seige of Peking.

safety, but power houses for serv- Seated in the chapel of the British ice. Legation, where thirty years ago Third: God must be reckoned the lives of hundreds of foreigners with in China today as in the past. and thousands of Chinese Chris- It is impossible for Christians to tians were sought day and night believe that one-fourth of the hu- for fifty-four days by a blood- man race is left out of His pro- thirsty mob of Chinese, we lis- gram of redemption. His will tened to the story, dramatically cannot be defeated; He knows the told. The result of the faith and solution of the Chinese puzzle, and fidelity of missionaries in that time He will reveal it in due time. of persecution; of the loyalty of We might have been discouraged Chinese and foreign Christians

even unto death; of the fellowship ists, from the seat of war-but not in testimony and in suffering of far from the notice of God.

missionaries and Chinese, were Success in China, as elsewhere, evidences of the power of God and is not dependent on great instituof the truth of the Gospel of tions, or fine equipment, or abun- Christ. The result was a wonder- dant financial resources. As has ful awakening, after the subsid- been clearly proved all through ence of the Boxer movement, and the ages, success depends on the great ingathering into the Chris- whole-hearted and intelligent retian Church. Many more were sponse of men to the call of God. won to Christ in the decade between 1900 and 1910 than had been The Chinese puzzle is perplexwon in the one hundred years from ing-almost baffling. So was the 1800 to 1900. God is not dead! He Palestine puzzle in the days of the has not left Himself without wit- apostles; so was the European ness in China today. Similar faith puzzle in the days of the Reformaand fidelity, under trial, similar tion; the world evangelization love and Christian fellowship be- puzzle in the days of Carey; so was tween Chinese and other Chris- the Moslem puzzle in the days of tians, similar courage and witness- Raymund Lull, and the Indian puzing to Christ and His salvation zle in the days of the Sepoy Retoday, must, we believe, bring vic- bellion. The God who solved these tory. puzzles will, we believe, solve the Chinese puzzle in His own time and We saw many signs of this com- way. Then the political and eduing victory, and the Power at work. There are Christian institutions cational tangle will be straightened out and laws and customs will be where "the Word of God is not in harmony with the laws of God. bound"; there are schools and col- What a wonderful day that will leges in which the chief purpose is be, when China, with all her to win students to Christ and to natural wealth and her human train them for His service; there resources, with her wonderful facare hospitals where the healing of ulty for patient perseverence under the soul is held to be of even more difficulty and her readiness to sufimportance than the healing of the fer or to serve in the cause of an body; there are churches where the accepted Master, places all these at members are taught that to be saved is not enough, they must go the feet of Christ.

out to save others.* The work in In the meantime, we at home can accept our part in the solving the great cities like Canton, Han- of the Chinese puzzle-a partnerkow, Shanghai and Peiping is im- ship in sympathy, in prayer, in portant for they are strategic testimony, in sacrificial giving and centers, but perhaps the greatest service. It is a partnership with work and that which is most surely the missionaries, with the Chinese transforming China is to be found Christians, with the Lord Jesus in the interior far from the port Christ. The Chinese puzzle is not cities, far from the eyes of tour- yet solved, but it is being worked • We hope to tell the story of some of th is out by those who are in this partwork Inter in 'l'HFl REVIEW.-D. L. P. nership.

2

of CHRISTIAN

IN CHINA* BY THE RT. REV. FREDERICK R. GRAVES Protestant Episoopal Bishop of Shanghai C H R 1ST I A N colleges and proper discipline and moral care. schools in China are now in The opposition is political and great difficulties and have to revolutionary.

face what amounts to deliberate Matters have gone very much in persecution. In many places their this way for the last years. MilibiIildings have been occupied by tary occupation is only one of the soldiers and greatly damaged or troubles; the standing difficulty left in such a filthy state that they all along has been the policy of the had to be entirely renovated. Some government. have been destroyed, others have been seized upon by Chinese who Ever since the meeting of the started schools in them for their own profit,' others have been pre- World Christian Student Federavented from reopening by powerful local enemies. tion and the visit of the Edu- To give a concrete instance. cational Commission in 1922 the The Mahan School at Yangchow was widely known throughout the anti-Christian forces in China have Province of Kiangsu as an institution of the highest standing. It directed bitter attacks against was seized and occupied by the soldiers in 1927. The furniture Christian schools. In 1925 reguwas destroyed, the books burned, and the interior and grounds left lations were promulgated for in an unspeakably dirty condition. The loss amounted to Mexican registering schools in order to $30,000. No compensation has ever been paid and no regret has bring all schools under the control been expressed. Furthermore, the local Board of Education has pre- of the government authorities. In vented the re-opening of the school. Such histories could be duplicated 1927 further regulations were in any number concerning schools of the various missions in different published. Section 5 of these reguparts of China. It is important to note here that not only Christians lations reads "The institution shall but Chinese of all classes are eager to send their children to mission not practice any religious rites or schools when they can get the opportunity, because they are con- ceremonies and shall not have as vinced that they will receive a sound intellectual training and also its purpose the propagation of re- ligion." In 1929 there was added, "If there are any religious exer- cises students shall not be com- pelled or induced to participate.

No religious exercises shall be al- lowed in primary schools."

A good many missionary schools, hproewpeavreir~g have registered or are to register, hoping to preserve their schools at all costs and trusting in the assurance of Chinese friends that the govern- ment only requires submission and that the regulations will not then be too strictly enforced.

To our friends in America it 19•30F.rom The LWing Ohurch, September 6. may appear that there is no objec- 818

1930J REGISTRATION OF CHRISTIAN SCHOOLS IN CHINA

tion to registering our mission in- schools, kindergartens, or normal stitutions with the Nationalist schools for Chinese students; All teachers of primary schools Government. Let us see what it and kindergartens shall be of Chinese implies: nationality; 1. The school that registers As from 1930, graduates of Chrisceases at once to be a private school tian ·schools shall not receive treatment and becomes a part of the govern- on an equal basis with graduates of ment system. The control passes non-Christian schools; out of the hands of the mission. Schools having theological courses 2. The school must teach the or the faculty and students of which party propaganda of the National- hold religious services in the school ists as part of the curriculum. buildings shall not be granted regis- 3. The teaching of Christianity tration; All Christian schools having failed in the school is forbidden. to register shall be closed within a 4. A teacher of the propaganda specified period; and another who is in charge of Inspectors -of the provincial or disthe discipline of the institution trict educational bureau shall, from must be appointed by the govern- time to time, investigate the condiment, the salaries of both to be tions of registered Christian schools paid by the Mission. in order to find out whether the These are the chief points in the authorities of these are engaged in government requirements which religious propaganda; make registration impossible. And Presidents of registered Christian note that the only privilege which schools shall be appointed by Chinese the mission would retain is the government organs, but the right of supervision shall rest with the board privilege of paying all the bills. of directors of these schools; The spirit of the campaign Religious organizations shall not against Christian schools is well hold religious courses for Chinese illustrated by the action of the students and organizations founded Shanghai Kuomintang, which ap- for the purpose of studying religions pears in the newspapers of May shall not permit non-adults of Chinese 22. The position and influence of nationality to become members; the Shanghai Kuomintang is very Those ignoring this order -shall be like that of the Jacobin Club in suppressed without hesitation; Paris in 1789. It is not the gov- The Young Men's Christian Associ- ation in the various provinces, which ernment but it succeeds generally is supposed to be founded for the in imposing its will on the govern- promotion of four virtues, having been ment. The North China Daily found to engage in propagating the News of May 22 reports the regu- Christian religion, the native educalations as follows: tional organs shall immediately take The following "anti-Imperialistic over its control; cultural invasion measures," decided All publications issued by religious upon by the Propaganda Department schools or organizations shall be cen- of the Shanghai District Kuomintang sored by the local Kuomintang head- on Wednesday, will be enforced in quarters.

Shanghai as soon as they are approved But behind all this matter of by the Executive Committee of the registration there is a clear indicalocal Tang-pu. tion that the policy of the Board Associations organized by persons of non-Chinese nationality shall not of Education is, as a Chinese edu- be permitted to establish primary cator expressed it to me, "half

Bolshevik and half Columbia Uni- courses in religion, and two months versity," that is, that they have ago a petition from representatives determined not only to have a sys- of a number· of Christian bodies, tem of government education who as Chinese Christians asked which is entirely secular, but to for religious toleration in their prevent anyone from teaching re- schools, has been peremptorily religion in any form. They have fused. made it quite plain that they will either close Christian institutions Christian schools and colleges by order, or place them under such have been of immense service to disabilities that they will wither China, but in the face of present up. conditions it would seem that the best service they can give to China There have been cases recently would be to refuse to yield their where a passport was refused to principles, and show that they Chinese students going to America value their religion above any adbecause they intended to take vantage.

METHODIST CHURCH IN MEXICO ORGANIZED BY BISHOP FRANCIS J. McCONNELL I HAVE returned from the Con- necessary under the Mexican law. ference at Mexico City which I had my usual experience in cross- set in motion the final machin- ing the border of being taken off ery for the organization of an the train and sent back to the independent Methodist Church in United States because I signed my- Mexico. The final meetings of the self as a Methodist minister. Of Commission were marked by entire course, as soon as I could get into unanimity and complete cordiality telegraphic touch with the authorof spirit. In a word, the two Meth- ities at Mexico City, I was at once odisms in Mexico are merged into admitted, but my being repeatedly one body with a General Confer- taken off the train on my various ence of its own. trips to Mexico is an indication of the difficulty that confronts a There is to be a cooperative com- Methodist Bishop from the United mittee with representatives from States as soon as he reaches the the various organizati'ons in the Mexican border. Other and more two Methodisms which have prop- serious difficulties are waiting for erty and financial interests in Mex- him as he moves into the country. ico, but the work of this committee Any religious work in Mexico unis chiefly consultative and advis- der the authority of anybody outory. To all intents and purposes side the country is seriously handi- Methodism is now independent in capped. Mexico, with only fraternal relations existing with Methodism in Mexican Elected Bishop* the United States. The Methodist Church of Mex- If any body feels that the new ico was formed in Mexico City in movement is radical, let him remind himself that it had become 'By W. W. Reid-Board of Foreign Mis· sions, Methodist Episcopal Church.

METHODIST CHURCH IN MEXICO ORGANIZED

July of this year by the Union of Monterey, where, after being pastor, he became superintendent of the disthe churches and missions main- trict of the same name.

tained for more than half a cen- He has always been an outstanding leader in the young people·s' work and tury by the Methodist Episcopal has been the heart 'of the Nationalist movement in Mexico. Mrs. Pascoe is Church and the Methodist Epis- quite as widely and favorably known as her husband in her activity in copal Church South, from the women's work. She is the President United States. It now becomes a of her Conference Missionary Society, wholly independent Church, all its of the National Union of Women's Societies of Mexico, as well as the ministers being native-born. Evangelical Confederation of Womens' Societies in Latin America, a union of The Rev. J. P. Hauser, mission- women's work in the Carribean Area, effected last year in the Havana Conary in Mexico, gives this account gress.

of the Conference: The finest of ·spirit prevailed in all the deliberations. The Methodist The General Conference of the new Church of Mexico thus starts out on Methodist Church of Mexico met in its new career with a Bishop that is Mexico City, September 16th in the widely known and·well-beloved and it historic church of Gante No.5. also has a body of trained leaders. Ninety delegates, mini·sters and lay- The new organization has over 15,000 men in equal numbers, came together members and includes the central representing the two Methodisms. states of Mexico, Morelos, Puebla, The sessions were opened by the Tlaxcala, Hidalgo, Queretaro and Lord's Supper under the direction of Guanajuato and the border states of the eight district superintendents. Sonora, Chihuahua, Durango, Coa- Dr. Pedro Flores Valderrama, who is huila, Nuevo Leon and a part of just completing fifty years in the Tamaulipas. ministry, gave the inaugural address. The new Church begs the prayers The Conference was organized the and loyal support of the home Church. first morning and on the second day It is independent, but will maintain the Committee on Episcopacy brought a vital relation with the mother in its report, which contained several Church through a committee of sixradical measures, such as that the teen known as the Gouncil of Cooperabishop shall be elected for four years tion and consisting of representatives only and that there would be no re- of the Boards of Missions of each Church and the General Conference of election. Mexico. This present organization is With deep interest the delegates the result of the work of the Commis- sion of Unification which was ordered awaited Friday morning the 19th by the General Conferences of the two when the election of the new bi,shop Methodisms and which met in Mexico took place. Mr. Pascoe was chosen City last July. One of the fraternal on the eighteenth ballot, and he was delegates to this Conference expressed consecrated in an impressive service the hope that some day the Methodist the following Sunday. Church and the Congregational Church in Mexico might unite. May Bishop John Nicanor Pascoe was we not hope that what the Methodisms born forty-three years ago in San of Mexico have done, the Methodisms Telmo, State of Mexico. He went of the world may some day bring through the mission schools and re- about? ceived his higher education in Vander- bilt University, Nashville, Tenn., where he met his future wife who was attEnding the Methodist Training School. They came back to their na- tive land and Brother Pascoe has held the important churches of Balderas, Mexico City, Chihuahua, Saltillo, Allende, San Antonio, Texas, and

PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

OF AGE* BY THE REV. L. P. VAN SLYKE Sccn:tary of RcligiU'llS Educa.tion for the Synod of .illc.:vivo O NE of the most noticeable istics of the various Mexican Prot- phenomena in Mexico's life estant Churches is their demand is the national consciousness. that the leadership of the evangel- I wAs going to say "the growing ical cause in Mexico: pass from the national consciousness," but it missions to the national churches.

would be moxe correct to say "over- There is nothing revolutionary grown." For it is an exaggerated in this desire on the part of our consciousness, very much like that Mexican brethren. The fulfillment of the boy just out of high school. of this ambition, when the time is It is "Mexico for the Mexicans" ripe, means the achievement of the with a vengeance. A government great aim of Foreign Missions, postmark ,bears the legend "Na- that is, the establishment of a selftional manufacturers can compete governing, self-supporting and with foreign gools." A systematic educational campaign is be i n g self-propagating national church. waged to get the Mexican people Not only so, but it means the reto believe in themselves, their moval of a great hindrance to the Gospel itself, namely, its apparproducts, their art, their destiny. ently foreign character, its foreign And this exaggerated national sources of support, and the control consciousness has as its special of the evangelical enterprise by antipathy our own United States! foreigners. Above all is this true It hardly needs a sociologist to in Mexico, where the Catholic understand that such an attitude propagandists exert every effort on the part of nearly the whole to convince the people that the Mexican people cannot but have a preaching of the Gospel is merely powerful effect on the churches a subtle form of infiltration by the founded by American missions in American Government with a view Mexico. It would be very strange to later political control, and that if the leaders of these national to become a Protestant is really to churches were not applying to become a traitor to Mexico. Hence, their churches the principle of national control of the Protestant "Mexico for the Mexicans" in the enterprise is a positive advantage sense of complete self-determination for these churches. This ap- to the gospel cause. plication has been hastened by the present enforcement by the Mexi- The goal of self-government was can Government of the constitu- attained by the Mexican (Presbytional provisions prohibiting the terian) Church in 1901, when the exercise of ministerial functions by Synod of Mexico was formed and foreigners. I think that it can be made independent of the General said without exaggeration that one Assembly in the United States. of the most outstanding character- Slow progress had been made to- ward self-support by the larger congregations, when in 1916 the * Frolll The Prc81Jyterian jlag(l:~+Jlc. withdrawal of our Boards from the 822 Presbyterian field in the north of dispensaries be turned over to it. Mexico in accordance with the re- This was more sweeping than had distribution of territory among the been expected, but believing the different Protestant Boards under time had come to take the Presbythe Cincinnati Plan of Coopera- tery at its word, their requests tion, brought about unexpectedly a were granted without qualification. long step forward in self-support and self-control. The turning over of all the evan- gelistic work within the limits of In September, 1928, a conven- the Presbytery seemed to mean tion of the Mexico City Presbytery that the evangelistic missionaries was held, notable for the large would no longer be needed in this representation of laymen present territory, but the Presbytery made and for their prominence in the known that if a missionary were proceedings. The aim of the Con- willing to work under its direction, vention was the consideration of it would gladly welcome his servthe problem of self-support. Pa- ices. triotic enthusiasm marked the gathering. It was voted to recom- The Presbytery is manfully facmend to the Presbytery that be- ing its task, and going about it in ginning April 1, 1929, it take over a business-like manner. So far, it the entire support of both min- is meeting with a large measure of isters and lay workers, and the success. It is both supporting its direction of all evangelistic work work and really directing it, showin its territory. This was made ing considerable initiative and enthe official action of the Presby- terprise. tery. With the attainment of self- In its official communication to support by this section of the Mexour Mission, the Presbytery peti- ican Church, the great majority of tioned the Mission to turn over to the Presbyterian churches in Mexit the full responsibility for the ico have become self-supporting. support of all evangelistic workers This being the case, it is entirely (Mexicans), both ordained and lay, natural and right that the leaderand the full direction of all evan- ship of the Presbyterian work in gelistic work, including social cen- Mexico should pass definitely into ters and dispensaries. I shall the hands of the Mexicans, and that never forget the sweet spirit of the foreign missionaries should our Mexican brethren, as they pre- from now on take the place of servsented to the Mission in its meeting ants of the Mexican Church. This last December the desire of the is being done. At the request of Presbytery to assume the responsi- another Presbytery, one of its misbilities of manhood, and as they sionaries is being sent to Yucatan expressed their personal gratitude to take charge of the Bible School to the Mission for what it had done in the capital, Merida. At the for them individually in giving Synod's request another man has them their knowledge of Christ, been turned over to the Synod as their education, and their oppor- its Secretary of Religious Educatunity to serve in the Christian tion. A Joint Commission of Mexministry. The Presbytery also icans and missionaries has been asked that all church buildings formed, through which the Mexiand manses, as well as the prop- can Church will be able'to have a erties used as social centers .and real influence in forming the poli- cies of the missions. BY SUE WEDDELL "YSecrciary for rOllny n"01J/CII'S lrQrk oj The Rr'jormcd Church in Am('ricu, -,-Yew )'urk OUNG people are much indulging in wishful thinking, let more interested in person- us use it as a recipe for the making al matters than they are in of a program that will fit them as World Affairs," exclaimed a mem- they are.

ber of a conference committee re- The world has for some years cently as a missionary program looked upon youth as a problem, for youth was being discussed. and we have done with this prob- "Yes," contributed another, "when lem what we have done with many we put up a poster announcing a others-cast it into a form and dis- missionary meeting, that's their cussed it pro and con, ad infinituJn.

signal to stay away." "Perhaps Not long ago a modern girl entered they haven't much time for such the Girls Department of a certain things," a timid voice sounded. Y. W. C. A. The secretary had a "They're kept pretty busy in school few books lying on her desk which these days and the schools seem to she had been using in preparing a cover a great deal of the ground talk. "What Ails Our Youth?", that the churches used to cover. "What's the Matter With the Girl Their world citizenship programs of Today?", "Youth in Conflict,"

are pretty far-reaching." "Young and other titles stared up at the people seem to have time enough girl as she walked in. Her eye ran for the movies and the talkies and hastily over the desk and in a re- for parties and things," said an- signed voice she said to the secre- other-"and have you ever noticed tary "I wonder what they will say how much time they spend just about us next?" She was acutely sitting around talking. What do conscious of being a problem and you suppose they talk about?" being talked about. "It would be interesting to have There is no denying the problem, one of them here to tell us," was but so often when we begin to the pointed rejoinder, "I've noticed think of a perplexity as a problem that when they express themselves the question itself begins to lose on a subject they usually have reality. President Glenn Frank, something worth saying." "And who declares that we Americans I've noticed," added an eager voice, have a "problem mania," tells us "that when you give them a job that questions when relegated to to do it gets done. Perhaps we the problem class become formal ought to let them plan their own and academic and abstract, and conferences!" that we indulge in a general con- At which the members of the sideration of theories instead of committee fell to and went on with making a specific search for the ef- their task. fective thing to do under the im- Let us look at this partial pic- mediate circumstances. "It is," he ture of youth thrown hastily on says, "far better to consider ways the imaginary screen. Rather than and means for getting good milk taking it as food for argument for to the Indian babies than to call a or against the youth of today and meeting to hear a paper on 'The 824

1930J YOUTH AND MISSIONS

Milk Problem Among Indians.''' 2. Make it personal. Are young Just so, in our consideration of people more interested in personal "Youth and Missions," it were matters than in world affairs?

better for us to attack the subject Probably. It is natural. It is a not as a problem but as a program, time of personal adjustments, per- taking our cue from that neat little sonal realizations; new and vital adage, "the cure of a problem is a personal relationships are just be- program." ginning. It is an easy time to be- Using our very inadequate pic- gin a permanent interest in other ture of youth as a recipe for such countries through a personal con- a program, let us search for the tact that might develop into real ingredients that would make up friendship. It is a time when the kind of world friendship activ- understanding of other races may ities which young people would in come through meeting some im- their own terminology, "eat up." mediate and intimate human need What should be the make-up of openly and honestly. Not long ago such a program of activities? a young people's president was 1. Make it pictorial. All our mourning because he could not gl't lives we have heard the Chinese his society interested in Africa proverb that "one picture is worth where his church had work that needed support. He said "I had ten thousand words," and yet we an interesting program all worked continue to use words many times out on our African work for last where pictures would serve far Sunday, but it fell flat. Unfortubetter. A missionary, recently re- nately, we had had a race riot in turned from India, illustrated this our town last week and I couldn't point well when she described a get the sDciety members off the first visit to an Indian village. The subject, they were so stirred up children crowded around her and over it." The question of the she tried to give out little Testa- Negro next door instead of in ments and talk to them about Africa, a question so vital to his Jesus. They seemed uninterested society members that they couldn't and moved away. She set up her get it out of their minds, could stereopticon and started to show have been the very finest starting the pictures of Jesus' life, and one point for a study of Africa, had he by one the children stole back and only made use of it. Knowing how she held them all spell-bound for to turn such personal experiences an hour. The power of pictures into wider world contacts and rehas been capitalized by the contin- sponsibilities is one of the most imuation schools which portray on portant tasks in the leadership of the walls in their waiting rooms youth. It is one of the "tragedies and classrooms, pictures and dia- of waste" in our great country, grams which show how to get on that we so often let such opportuin the world, how to hold a job, nities slip by. how to apply for work. They de- cide what they want to teach and 3. Make it discussional. Ex- then they "say it in pictures:" change of ideas and ideals is un- Why do young people go to picture doubtedly one of the most fruitful shows? Because they like to get of exchanges. We exchange much ideas that way! Make your mis- these days. "You have a dollar, I sionary program pictorial. have a dollar; we exchange. Now

you have my dollar, I have your a young people's missionary buddollar; we're no better off. But- get, "and I have a chance to vote you have an idea, I have an idea; on our missionary budget. I know we exchange. Now you have two what we have to raise and it makes ideas, I have two ideas; that's the me want to give more when I'm on difference!" Very little needs to be the inside like that." It is being said today as to the value of the "on the inside" that makes all the discussional method. It has proved difference in the world to young itself. Most of our mission study people. Taking them in on the books employ it. Probably our planning of the year's missionary reason for using this method so program, the discussion of finanlittle in our missionary programs ces, will enlist their understanding is because of our lack of trained and support as nothing else will. discussion leaders. It is not only One of the most outstanding a natural means of expression for characteristics of youth is their young people but it is stimulat- response to a big challenge and a ing and they like it. "This is the big trust. best hour of the day," said a young delegate at a recent summer con- 5. Make it recreational. Listen ference as she approached the to a group of kindergarten children auditorium for the discussion hour. as they play their singing games. Held after three continuous peri- They sing about the cows in the ods of class work, it still drew pasture and the foaming white practically the entire conference. milk and the rosy cheeks that come "We talked far into the night try- from drinking the milk. While ing to discover how we can get a they are having fun playing a line on what young people are game they are learning an importhinking and doing in other coun- tant fact of health. Drinking milk tries," said a member of the To- is made attractive to them because ronto Youth Council. But who it is associated with something would dare hold an evening meet- they like very much to do. Not ing with the usual speaking pro- only important facts but qualities gram beyond a certain hour! Give of character, such as good sportsyouth a chance to talk about real manship, courage, frankness, are things, together, and with wise learned every day in the playing of games-from the kindergarten leadership. child up to the college athlete. Why not use the play method more 4. Make it a partnership. So largely in giving facts on missions often we plan for and not with our and creating fair attitudes toward youth. We wonder why they don't people of other lands and races? carry more responsibility when we Young people will work out such don't offer it to them. Check up games for themselves if they are on your church. What does it ex- guided a bit by an enthusiastic pect of its youth? Big things? leader. Edna Geister's method, Responsible things? Or are they used to promote wholesome enterasked to wait on table, give a play, tainment for the soldiers in army usher at special events, speak once camps during the World War, is a year after conference. "I'm a one we could well employ, taking member .of our Consistory," ex- the old familiar children's games and adapting them in theme and plained a boy proudly to a group of his friends who were discussing

YOUTH AND MISSIONS

action to suit the occasion. At a what is already in your minds but recent Young People's Conference more than half forgotten. Here's a the class in recreational activities game that helps keep your education was asked to spend part of its class alive. Learn to play it!

time in working out missionary Not only does such a game keep garnes, and the result is eight very your education alive but it gives a interesting gam e s, instructive, very good background for further stimulating,-and much fun be- study and it is easy to take the sides. Burton Holmes suggests next step into the missionary side this idea of learning by playing in of the picture. It is a simple tranan article called "The Most Stim- sition to make when the mind is ulating Pastime I know." refreshed and open and active. Let I wonder how many people ever us re-create the mission field with try it, this game Iso often play by our youth.

myself, the most stimulating pastime 6. Make it musical. The man I know! The rules of the game are who said: "I care not who shall simple. All you need is an atlas or make the laws of a nation if I may globe, and imagination. If you use an be permitted to make its songs," atlas, just open at random. If a globe, spoke wisely. A true song comes twirl it and iet it stop where it will. from the heart and goes to the Who can say where you will find your- self? heart. The words we sing, if we The atlas opens, say, at India. Or mean them, enter the heart and when the globe stops, your finger is on gradually produce action. It Baghdad. That famous carpet! If you makes a great deal of difference could ride the carpet now, where would you go? what we sing and a great deal of difference whether we sing. The Paris, of course! Tum the globe development of music is one of the again, or find the place in the atlas. most interesting trends of the past Now you've caught the spirit of the few years. So much is being done game. Why, you're actually there! in group singing. The idea is not You can see the Place de la Concorde, new; it is a revival of ancient the Seine, Notre Dame. And while your mind is on cathedrals, where are peoples. The Greeks used music Chartres, Rheims? You find them and in their educational system, de- on the way to Cologne you stop at fining different effects on people of Brussels, thence to the Netherlands, different kinds of music. windmills and dykes. In the march of civilization it Suddenly you remember the boy has been somewhat lost sight of, who stopped the leak with his finger. Hans Brinker, too. How old were you but now it is returning in aU of when you read those stories? There's its forms and cannot be ignored. the Rhine. Remember Bingen-on-the- The public is deluged with music Rhine, the rats and the Bishop? of varying degrees of worth; some of us have absorbed the beautiful, So the game goes. The best part of some the unbeautiful. All of us it all is that it is never twice the have been touched by it. Edusame. A real game of chance, for cators, conscious of its influence, chance alone decides where you will are working today to control it and start, where you will end up. A profitable game, too. You learn conserve its great worth. They geography by the most painless of all are starting with children and methods. What makes it most stimu- young people. Shall the mission- lating, is that it evokes so much of ary forces not fall in line and make

real use of this powerful agent for horhood where the children need to unifying a group, for stimulating learn to understand and love their to action, for concentrating atten- little classmates from many lands, tion on an idea? We could so well this is the type of songs they often use its interpretive power. A song sing: well chosen re-enforces ideas and ideals in a very forceful way and Katrina came to our school, in an incidental way. When we She sat right next to me, sing a thing often enough we may come to believe it and practise it. She used to live in Amsterdam World friendship and brotherhood Beside the Zuyder Zeeand goodwill must be deep in the hearts of young people who sing Her cheeks were pink as cherry bloom, over and over again Her lips ten times as red; In Christ there is no East nor West But none of us could understand In Him no South nor North; A word Katrina said.

But one great fellowship of love She always comes to school on time, Throughout the whole wide earth. Her dress is just as neat, I'm sure I'm twice as careful Since Katrina shares my seat.

In Him shail true hearts everywhere It makes me have some new, new Their high communion find; thoughts, His service is the golden cord Some kindlier thoughts to know, Close binding all mankind. That though I cannot speak to her Join hands then, brothers of the faith, I love Katrina so. Whate'er your race may be. Stella George Stein; Who serves my Father as a son Is surely kin to me. Music by W. E. Hoefche.

In Christ now meet both East and An editorial writer in one of our West, large dailies makes a statement that leaders of youth might well In Him meet South and North; ponder. He says the future of All Christly souls are one in Him America is in the hands of two men, or women-the investigator Throughout the whole wide earth. and the interpreter. We have, he continues, an ample supply of in- or vestigators, those who are engaged in research and writing and inven- Join now in brotherhood, spreading tions and new discoveries. But he the Gospel raises a recruiting trumpet for the interpreters, those who will stand That warfare and discord may cease between the layman whose knowl- Let us in humble devotion march for- edge of all things is indefinite and the investigator whose knowledge ward of one thing is authoritative. The And follow our Christ, Prince of investigator, he says, advances knowledge; the interpreter ad- peace. vances progress. Here we stand, leaders of youth; on the one hand There is little enough singing the "world is so full of a number time in our programs and so often of things"-new discoveries, methwe use it by saying: "let's sing a ods, interesting and werth-while hymn," and one is selected on the spur of the moment. Preparation and thought given to the musical part of our meetings will bring almost unbelievable results. The schools know it. In a certain observation school in a foreign neigh-

NEGROES HONORED FOR DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS

things to see and do and hear and question of interpreting youth to use. Picture the missionary labora- adult, of interpreting adult to tory that we are, or could be, in youth, often of interpreting the old touch with-our mission fields, and permanent values in terms of study courses, news sheets, leaflets, new ones, sometimes of interpretwriters, speakers, pictures, books. ing new values to those who look On the other hand there are many, upon them as wild and impossible. many groups and even more indi- It is a question of discovering the viduals in our churches who are real interests and needs of youth starving for things to do, worth- today and building on those, knowwhile enterprises, richer and fuller ing that "each new generation Christian lives. To the degree that must and will be served according we can be adequate interpreters to its own needs." the one to the other, to the degree that we can take the knowledge of And all through our task we missionary needs and world events would remember the great central and issues and translate them into truth that each new generation in the language and activities of our its highest moments faces: youth today, to that degree shall we be fulfilling our task. If we would build anew And build to .stay It is a many-sided task. It is a We must find God again And go His way.

NEGROES HONORED FOR DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS"

T HE biennial award in recog- by the Federal Council were made nition of constructive service in the fields of education, science, for better race relations, of- business, literature, music, fine fered by the Harmon Foundation, arts and religious service. with the cooperation of the Commission on Race Relations of the In the field of education the Federal Council of ChUrches, has awards went to John Hope, Presibeen accorded to Robert R. Moton, dent of Atlanta University; W. J. Principal of Tuskegee Institute. Hale, President of the State Agri- Dr. Moton is the first colored man cultural and Industrial College for to receive this distinction. His Negroes in Nashville, Tenn., and latest contribution to the cause of Janie Porter Barrett, Superintendbetter racial understanding is his ent of the Virginia Industrial book, "What the Negro Thinks." School at Peak's Turnout, Va. The award in race relations consists of a gold medal and one thou- Religious Leaders Recognized sand dollars. The last award went to Rev. Will W. Alexander, of At- In the field of religious service, lanta, Executive Secretary of the the awards were conferred upon Commission on Interracial Coop- Bishop Robert E. Jones, of New eration. Orleans, La., a bishop of the Meth- odist Episcopal Church and found- Other awards offered by the Har- er of the Gulf Side Chautauqua mon Foundation and administered and Assembly, which serves a dis- trict of more than four million • Federal Oouncil Bulletin. Negro people; and to A. Clayton

Powell, pastor of the Abyssinian ing about one-tenth of our popula- Baptist Church, New York, which tion, has great potential power of has recently built and paid for a contributing to the material and new edifice at a cost of nearly spiritual culture of our common $400,000. life. The general public, however, In science the award was given has known little or nothing about to Theodore K. Lawless, of Chi- the matter except possibly the con- cago, for his studies in dermatol- tribution of folk music.

ogy. The range of these contributions Walter White, Assistant Secre- as shown by the accomplishments tary of the National Association in the fields in which these recip- for the Advancement of Colored ients of the Harmon awards have People, was given an award in lit- been accorded recognition is illu- erature for his two novels, "The minating, sufficiently so to surprise Fire in the Flint" and "Flight." their friends and confuse the In· the field of music, Harry T. scornful. In four years the roster Burleigh, the soloist at St. George's of those given awards for achieve- Episcopal Church, New York, well- ment in the seven major fields of known for his arrangements of human endeavor furnishes evi- Negro spirituals, and Harry Law- dence of productive power that will rence Freeman, the composer of stand the scrutiny of the most crit- the first Negro grand opera, were ical. In music, in literature, in given the chief awar·ds. Another fine arts, in science, in education, award in this field was given to in religious service and in business Carl Rossini Diton of New York, 55 awards were conferred upon a student now on a scholarship distinguished Negro Americans.

from the Juilliard Foundation. In addition, this year a Negro has Awards in Field of Art been given a gold medal and an honorarium of one thousand dol- The awards for achievement in lars for outstanding achievement fine arts went to William H. J ohn- in improving relations between son, of Florence, S. C., in recogni- white and colored people in Amer- tion of his portraits and land- ica, the first time such a distincscapes; to Albert Alexander Smith, tion has ever been accorded to a of Manhasset, N. Y., and to Sar- colored person.

gent Johnson of Berkeley, Cal. In estimating the significance of For special service in the field of these achievements one should bear business, awards were given to in mind that the recipients of the Truman K. Gibson of Chicago, a awards have overcome barriers of pioneer in developing Negro insur- poverty, ignorance, previous con- ance organizations, and to John dition of servitude and unreason- Charles Claybrook, of Proctor, ing prejudice such as no other Ark., who, although he has never element of our American popula- attended school, has successfully tion has faced. Viewed in relation developed a plantation of 1,780 to the depths from which they acres, together with an important came, the heights to which they lumber business. have climbed take on an extraor- A few well-informed people have dinary impressiveness.

known for some years that the These distinguished Americans Negro group of citizens, compris- who have received such recognition

i930] NEGROES HONORED FOR DISTINGUISHED ACHIEVEMENTS

from their white and colored fel- may think in the back of his head, he low-citizens are only the advance turns to the world a smiling face, and in spite of itself the world, when it guard of larger possibilities, of turns to look, is captivated by that greater achievement of larger num- smile; when it stops to listen, Is bers in the future. These achieve- thrilled by that song. And all the ments over so wide a range and of while he presses steadily onward . . . such a quality should encourage all determined to let no man, no movethose who in the darker days of ment, drag him down so low as to the past have believed in the human make him hate his fellow-man. possibilities of these people and should stimulate many today to. American Negroes should be hold out brotherly hands of encour- proud of the sane, eloquent teacher agement. Especially should the churches be gratified; some of the who wrote those lines.* Spingarn Medal to Another Negrot men and women who have been A Southern educator, Prof.

recognized by these awards re- Henry A. Hunt, Principal of the ceived practically their entire High and Industrial School of Fort training in some of the schools and Valley, Georgia, received the Spin- colleges supported by the churches, garn Medal, awarded annually to and some of the Negro educators an American Negro for distin- who have achieved distinction are guished achievement in some field carrying forward the work begun of human endeavor. The award by the missionary teachers of a was in recognition of "twenty-five generation ago. years of modest, faithful, unselfish As the Negro population shifts and devoted service in the educa- to urban centers and as conditions tion of the Negroes of rural Geor- change in both town and country, gia and to the teaching profession more and more there is need for in that state." The presentation greater emphasis by the churches was made by President W. A. Neil- upon equality of opportunity irre- son of Smith College. Among pre- spective of race or color. With vious recipients of the medal have the barrier broken down we may been Roland Hayes, the singer, Dr.

expect larger contributions from George W. Carver and Dr. E. E.

Negroes in all the other fields of Just, internationally known scien- our varied culture and civilization. tists ; President Mordecai J ohn- "What the Negro Thinks" son, of Howard University, and a number of literary men who have This book by Dr. Robert Russa attained distinction.

Moton has been awarded a prize of Guggenheim Memorial Awards $1,000 as the most noteworthy contribution to interracial cooperation Included in the announcement of during the past year. The princi- the John Simon Guggenheim Me- morial Foundation of this year's pal of Tuskegee wrote: In the midst of all this the Negro awards of more than $200,000 in thrives. Segregation, disfranchise- fellowships to eighty-five scholars, ment, prejudice, injustice, lawlessness 'novelists, poets, composers, sculp- -in spite of them he prospers. Above tors, and painters who will go it all his voice rises singing, and the abroad to do creative work and renote of his joy has become the symbol search, are the names of one Negro of our modern America. Whatever • New Yar10 T£me8. he hides in his heart, whatever he t American Frien(l.

novelist and one Negro scholar. year high schools for Negro youth The novelist is Nella Larsen Imes, in the fourteen Southern States who is the author of "Quicksand" and 592 two-to-four-year non-acand "Passing." The scholar who credited high schools. Notwithwill receive an award in order to standing this progress there are devote time to an economic study still 281 counties in these states is Dr. Charles Wesley, professor of without any colored high school history at Howard University. either public or private.

Striking Facts About Negroes* Negro Death Rate Cutt 1. Of the' estimated population Instead of dying out, the Negro of 117,000,000 in the United States race in America is steadily growtoday about 12,000,000 or approxi- ing more healthy and its life span mately one-tenth are Negroes. is increasing, according to a state- 2. Eighty-five per cent of the ment by the Commission on Inter- Negro population of the nation is racial Cooperation. in the Southern States and sixty- Basing its conclusions on figures six per cent is rural, that is, lives issued by the United States Public on farms and in villages below Health Service and the Statistical 2,500. . Department of the Metropolitan 3. In 1926 American Negroes Life Insurance Company, the assooperated 1,000,000 farms; con- ciation said that in the past sixty ducted 70,000 business enterprises; years the Negro mortality rate has and had $2,000,000,000 in accumu- decreased 50 per cent or more, the lated wealth. present rate being 17 per 1,000, as 4. About twenty-three per cent. against 34 or 40 in reconstruction of the Negro population is illiterate days. as compared with four per cent of The present life span of Nethe white popUlation. Negroes groes, it was said, is about 46 have made remarkable progress in years, a five-year gain in the last this respect, however, dropping decade. from ninety per cent illiteracy to twenty-three per cent in the sixty- The Negro death rate, however, five years since emancipation. is still 87 per cent higher in cities and 49 per cent higher in rural 5. For the U. S. as a whole the communities than is the white. expenditure per capita for Negro schools averages less than one- ChicagoNegro Congregations fourth of that for white schools. Chicago has 278 Negro congre- Here the figures range from $23 in gations, a fact disclosed by the re- Maryland to $4 and $5 in extreme cent survey of colored churches. Southern states as contrasted with These comprise twenty-seven dea national average of $75 for white nominations. The largest Negro rural children and $129 for white congregation is Olivet Baptist urban children. Church, which has 9,700 members. The pastor is the Rev. L. K. Wil- 6. In 1916 there were only forty- liams, D.D., who is said to have four high schools for Negroes in contributed more to the welfare of the whole country. By 1925-26 the colored people in Chicago than there were 209 accredited four- • Printed by Teachers College, Columbia Uni. any other Negro. versity, in a program of lectures on Negro Education and Race Relations, 1930. t Nr.w Y(wT" Times.

MISSIONS CONGRESS OF

LEADERS BY DR. CHARLES STELZLE, New York W ITH an address by Presi- special or expert contributions, the dent Hoover as one of the conclusions of which are to be re- main features of the Con- ported to the main body for furgress, 500 delegates officially repre- ther consideration and final action. senting the combined Protestant Each group will have a chairman, home missionary agencies in the secretary and counselor, these con- United States, under the auspices stituting a Committee of Findings, of the Home Mission Council, will which will bring in its report on be in session in Washington for the last day of the Congress. five days, beginning December first, to discover the home mission In addition to the members of task in the light of the changes of the Congress, experts in various recent years; to face up squarely, fields who are familiar with the frankly, and adventurously to the problems confronting the churches question of home mission adminis- in home mission fields today, such tration; to find out how to get the as historians, business administracause of home missions before the tors, educators, and economists, churches in such a way as to secure will be brought into the Congress a reaction in life, money and serv- to assist the Commissions in the ice for carrying out the program of studies that are being made. home missions, and to discover how the denominations may get closer The official delegates to the Contogether for the accomplishment gress have been appointed by the of this purpose. home missionary bodies connected with the Home Missions Councils, Three commissions of experts in and in addition to these 500 memtheir special fields have been at bers, about 300 associate delegates work for over a year, covering the will be appointed, the later partic- Task and Administration of Home ipating in discussions but having Missions; The Promotion of Home no vote. Besides these delegates, a Missions; Cooperation in Home considerable number of leaders in Missions. The reports of these the churches connected with mis- Commissions are presented in a sionary and federated work, will data book which has been sent to become participants in the proceedthe members of the Congress in ad- ings. vance of the Washington meetings, so that they will have ample time The Washington City Federato study the factual material which tion of Churches will act as the 10is to be considered. cal committee of arrangements, although all information concern- Twelve round table discussions ing the Congress itself is furnished will be conducted, each group to be from the headquarters' office of the in session for twelve hours. The Home Missions Council, 105 East members of the Congress will be 22d Street, New York City. definitely assigned to the particular round table to which they can make Dr. William R. King, Executive Secretary of the Council, has given nearly two years to the work of 3 833

planning the details of this im- the cities of our country. This Comportant Congress, meeting with mission will also make a scientific various committees and Commis- ·study of the organizational aspects of sions and building up a program home mission work to discover what which, it is presumed, will present changes, if any, are needed in the the cause of home missions in a machinery now being used and what more statesmanlike manner than improvements might be made in dihas yet been presented in the his- recting the church's work throughout tory of the church in this country. America. The relation of national The data book was prepared by home mission boards to State and Dr. Hermann N. Morse, and will regional organizations, of staff organicontain, besides the reports of the zation, of separate Women's Boards, Commissions, valuable information and the size and method of repreon VariOl'lS aspects of home mis- sentation on these boards will be anasions, serving as a reference book lyzed; the cost of overhead and adduring the sessions of the Con- ministrating the funds of the church gress. The results of state-wide in mission fields; the granting of aiel surveys directed by Dr. Morse, will to denominational churches in fields also be brought to the attention of in which other churches are already the delegates, and a home mission at work, and the values of certain exhibit will be prepared by a com- forms of missionary work now being mittee especially appointed to this done by the churches will be con- sidered by this Commission. task. The Congress will be brought to The Commission on promoting Home Missions will restudy the whole a climax with a Communion service question of general promotion and at noon on Friday, December 5th. educating the public with a view of enlisting more fully the entire Church In announcing the purpose of in the work of home missions, and the Congress, Dr. King points out will deal with such subjects as the cothat, whereas in former days home operation of the secular press, church missions meant merely aiding weak periodicals, the use of pamphlet litchurches on the frontier, today the erature, the motion picture, exhibits, home mission task has shifted from the radio, dramatics, and the entire one of geography to one of prob- field of educational and inspirational lems, and that the growth of the work among young people in the city, the changed conditions in the churches, in colleges and theological country, the development of indus- seminaries. try, increased wealth and modes of living, present entirely new prob- The Commission on Cooperation in lems to the church, which must be Home Missions will emphasize the dealt with in a statesmanlike man- need for comity and cooperation, and ner. Dr. King further says: will point out the value of joint super- vision of certain types of work by all The Commission on the Task and of the churches, the joint use of ex- Administration of Home Mis·sions will perts in technical fields, and the comtherefore make an analysis of the work mon use of publicity methods upon an of the various Home Mission Boards interdenominational basis. It will aland indicate what needs to be done by so indicate what may be done on a co- American churches in the light of operative basis at summer assemblies, these changed conditions. It will show in local parishes, particularly in the the waste of overlapping agencies rural field, in Indiana Government and the peril of overlooking certain schools, in the downtown centers of fields and problems, particularly in large cities, in work among im- migrants and migrants, through the Chaplains in the Army and Navy.

CONGREGATIONALISM

BOURNEMOUTH I HAVE been going to conven- the British Isles. I do nut believe tions at the rate of about one they are any more sincere than we per month for nearly forty are in America. But one could years. As a matter of fact, I think not fail to be impressed with this I approached Bournemouth rather contrast. I have a very clear imsaying to myself: "Well, it is one pression that in part this is made more convention." true by the fact that the Noncon- But it is gratifying to say that formist churches of the British Bournemouth was different. It Isles are having to pay a little had unmistakable values. In my dearer price for their lioerty than judgment its influence will abide is true of us Congregationalists in for many years in the life of the Congregational churches through- the United States. There is not very much of what might be called out the world. "real sacrifice" in our American In the first place it accented an churches. As a matter of fact, it unhesitating, profound conviction is rather popular now to be a in the realities of our religion, and member of one of our churches in in that broad interpretation which an affluent location. But that is is characteristic of the Congrega- not so true, generally speaking, in tional churches. Frequent refer- the British Isles. ences were made to those attempts All the way through a tremenin different parts of the world to dous contribution was being made develop a kind of humanitarian, to the c a use of international altruistic type of civilization, with- goodwill, peace and brotherhood out a belief in the existence of throughout the world. This was God. No delegate could have any evident not only in the specific ad- doubt concerning the depths of the dresses delivered upon this direct evangelical purpose of the Con- theme, but like a sort of a golden gregational churches as he sat refrain it went through everythrough the sessions. But as the thing. program developed, there could be I do not remember any conven- no doubt about the comprehen- tion in many years from which I siveness of the program of our came away with a more genuine churches throughout the world. sense of thanksgiving to God for Upon the question .of temperance having had the privilege of being and our attitude upon the organ- a delegate than the one in Bourneized liquor traffic, upon unemploy- mouth.-Fred B. Smith, in the ment, economic problems, unity Congregationalist.

and world peace, there was a ring- ing declaration. Nearly ull the social problems of hu- I think I may suggest that upon manity nnd the imperative lH'Ct1::::1 of the world which we see with Yflryillg IH'l'- the American delegates particu- spective ,yill only be flolvcd whell peolarly a very profound impression ple arc converted to the juy of giving was made concerning the deep which Christ taught-the giving of life spiritual emphasis given by the and that which represents life-wealth. speakers and the delegates from -0. A. Hyde.

835

AGREEMENTS ARE

TO CHURCH UNION?

The question of church union is to dent Soper of Ohio Wesleyan Unithe fore both at home and abroad. versity, Delaware, Ohio; President Missionaries in all the large foreign George W. Richards of the Theological fields and home missionary workers in Seminary of the Reformed Church in the U. S., Lancaster, Pa.; and Prothe United States and Canada are fac- fessor William Adams Brown of Union ing it as a matter directly affecting Theological Seminary, New York. their work. Many Christians, who They have kindly complied with our have the cause of unity sincerely at request to give THE REVIEW abstracts heart, are perplexed by questions as of their addresses, and we publish them herewith, sure of the interest of to the extent to which agreements on our readers in these important statechurch government, doctrinal stand- ments regarding a subject that is ards and the sacraments are necessary prominent in the thought of Christian prerequisites to union. At the con- workers everywhere at this time.- ference on Church Union, at Buck Hill Falls, Pennsylvania, in June, these EDITOR. questions were discussed by three broadly representative men-Presi- IS AGREEMENT ON CHURCH ORGANIZA- TION NECESSARY?

BY THE REV. EDMUND D. SOPER, D.D., LL.D.

I REMEMBER reading in one of Church shall be united and shall Dr. R. A. Hume's books that feel itself to be one, we shall be he sometimes called himself an Episcopresbygationalists. The r e Episcopresbygationalist. As a mis- are values in each of these forms sionary in India he had all sorts of organization which cannot be of functions to perform as he dealt discarded without loss. They must with the problems of the Indian all find their appropriate place in Church and attempted to lead the Church that is to be. these young Christians in organizing a form of government which The question I have been asked would be both efficient and adapt- to discuss divides itself into two parts. There is the question of able. Sometimes it was necessary government as a means of adminfor him to take things into his own istrative efficiency. It is what Dr. hands; then he was an Episcopos, Hume was trying to work out a ruler of the Church. When he among his churches in India. It called the older men together and may be the Episcopal, or the Pres- reached a conclusion with them, he byterial, or the Congregational was a Presbyterian. At other form, or it may be a combination times he would summon the whole of any two or of all three. The congregation and put the question question involved is simply that of at issue to vote; he was then a securing the best results, of re- Congregationalist. I have no doubt leasing the greatest amount of that in the end, when the Christian Christian energy without friction.

836

IS AGREEMENT ON CHURCH ORGANIZATION NECESSARY

We want the impact of our work deeply. With him, the episcopacy to be unhampered by machinery is a life and death matter. With- which clogs and prevents the de- out it there can be no adequate livery of a blow which shall have provision for the continuance of all the available strength of the the Church as the bearer of the Church back of it. It is in the grace of God to needy men down end a question of efficiency applied through the ages. This grace is to the work of the Christian conveyed through the sacraments, Church. and a sacrament is efficacious only In this conference, at which no when it is celebrated by one who Greek or Roman Catholics are has been ordained by a bishop, present and only one or two Epis- who is in the apostolic succession copalians, the problem of organi- unbroken since the time of Christ zation as it affects Church Unity Himself. To one with such a con- is a purely practical one. There viction there can be changes in the is sentiment tied up with the ques- form of church organization pro- tion of course, but it does not reach vided one feature remains un- down into our convictions concern- changed, namely, an episcopacy ing the essentials of the Christian which assures the validity of the faith. The problem of the exist- sacraments on which our contact ence of the Church, the validity of with God depends.

the ministry and the efficacy of the It is easy to see that organiza- sacraments do not figure in the tion so far as its administrative discussions we shall have here on features are concerned is subject the question of church organiza- to the pragmatic test. That form tion. But it is far different when of organization will finally prevail we are considering "Christian Re- in any country which has met the union in Ecumenical Light," as test of use. If it works well, it Dr. F. J. Hall puts it in his recent has recommended itself by that volume. When we take into con- fact, and there is not much more sideration all Christians every- to be said about it. This is all the where, the whole matter presents more evident since the publication itself from other and very signifi- by Dr. B. H. Streeter of his volume cant angles. on "The Primitive Church," in Then it is not merely the prac- which he shows that in the earliest tical question of administration day, that is in the first century but the deeper question of the very and for some decades in the sec- meaning of the Church and Chris- ond, there was no one form of tianity itself. Men of wide vision organization in all parts of the among Anglicans see quite as well Christian world which could call as we do, that church organization itself the standard by which the as such is a secondary matter; others should be tested. This that changes may take place in the study and others along the same course of the centuries; that one line no longer allow any group of form of organization may exist in Christians to declare with confi- one country and another else- dence that its particular form of where. Church organization must organization is apostolic and hence be adaptable-everyone sees that. authoritative and binding on all All this, however, does not touch others.

the problem the Anglican feels so So far as church history has

arrived at any verdict, it would been the cause of some of the sepseem to be that forms of organiza- arations which have taken place. tion have had little to do with unity or disunity among Chris- One must look elsewhere to get tians. A very close form of or- at the secret of unity and disunity. ganization, that of the monarchical I can only hint at certain answers episcopacy heading up in one which might be developed at bishop who gradually assumed an length. There is pride, based on authoritative position over all, did long established traditions and a not prevent the separation of east sense of social superiority. There and west. The Greek Church pos- is a puritanism in one denomisesses real unity today even though nation which causes it to look it is divided into about sixteen askance at others which are not different churches. One metro- so strict. There are jealous and politan or archbishop is sometimes unfortunate episodes in the past very jealous of another and fails which form almost insuperable to act in harmony with other barriers to genuine unity. All leaders of the Greek Church. The these must be taken into account. Baptists of the world have a very They will be found to be more real unity though each congrega- sinister in their separative tendtion is altogether independent of encies than forms of organizaevery other so far as ecclesiastical tion; except of course when, as authority is concerned. The close already stated, the episcopacy is organization of the Methodists in lool{ed upon as essential to the England and America has not pre- existence of the Church and hence vented divisions. It has in fact becomes a real barrier to those who cannot accept such claims.

IS AGREEMENT ON DOCTRINE NECESSARY?

BY THE REV. GEORGE W. RICHARDS, D.D., LL.D.

T HE answer to this question the light of the character of the must be given not merely by original Church as well as of the one man in an address or by a doctrinal standards of the various group of men in council, but by the churches at the present time. In officers and members of the its beginning, the Church was a churches that are uniting. I make fellowship of men and women this point because I have dis- united by the spirit of Christ in covered in my experience in church faith, hope, and love. It was the union .for the last twenty-five protoplasmic stage of the Church years that committees on union in which there were divine facts may agree upon a basis of union, and human experiences without but that when it is submitted to formulated doctrinal standards. the churches for final disposition, The future form of these standit is declared unsatisfactory. The ards was determined largely by the decisions of matters relating to genius of race and nation, the relaunion are with the churches as tive degree of culture of the peothey now are, and not as they were ple, and the character of the or ought to be. leaders of the Church.· The answer must be found in Doctrinal statements may differ

IS AGREEMENT ON THE SACRAMENTS NECESSARY?

widely in content and form, or in the preparation of a doctrinal they may vary in form and yet in basis for union. substance be the same. This may indicate that in negotiations for For this reason, various standchurch union, in an age wholly dif- ards have been submitted as a ferent from that of the early basis among the churches. The Church and of the Reformation, it foremost proposals are the followis possible to formulate a common ing: 1. The Nicene and the Aposstatement of doctrine that will be tles' Creed, one or both; 2. The briefer and more simple than the Bible as the rule of faith and praccreeds and confessions of the tice without an authoritative interchurches, and yet conserve the doc- pretation in confessional form; trines necessary for the being of 3. Recognition of the confessions the Church. The essential facts of the uniting churches as equivaof the Christian faith may be ex- lent; 4. A brief summary of faith pressed in language of our time in modern terms, usually based on and be true both to the revelation the Trinitarian formula; 5. The of God in Christ and to the ex- Jesus' way of life which puts the perience of Christians of different emphasis on conduct rather than churches in this age. on creed; 6. Jesus Christ as Sav- iour and Lord. The differences in the doctrines of the churches of the Reformation The most dynamic and inclusive were the result of causes and con- basis seems to be the sixth-Jesus ditions that no longer are opera- Christ as Saviour and Lord. It tive; yet the doctrinal standards implies a personal experience of then produced are still authorita- the Saviourh()(ld and Lordship of tive. The founders and fathers of Christ. It has in it the substance the churches regarded them as of the Nicene Creed, and yet it does having the authority of Christ and not bind one to its phraseology. It of the apostles, that is, divine excludes on the one hand all forms authority. On that account, the of humanism affirming the sufficontemporary churches have doc- ciency of man for his own salvation, trinal statements by inheritance and denies on the other, by impliwhich include far more than was cation, the adequacy of any other contained in the original fellow- religion of the past or present. It ship of the apostles or than is now is comprehensive enough to include held to be required by Christian Catholics and Protestants. If that revelation and Christian exper- be not desirable, it will embrace ience. One must keep this in mind all the evangelical Protestant churches.

IS AGREEMENT ON THE SACRAMENTS NECESSARY?

BY THE REV. WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN, D.D., LL.D.

W RILE less prominent in the tance for the movement for church thought of contemporary unity, since it is at this point that Protestants, the question as the difference between the Protto the place and nature of the estant and the Catholic point of sacraments is of crucial impor- view comes to clearest expression.

At no point are understanding, and presence. He does not appreciate the sympathy which is the key to that one reason why the Catholic understanding, more needed; for is unwilling to admit the practice on both sides there are misconcep- of unlimited intercommunion is tions which are a serious obstacle not because he wishes to discrimto unity. inate between his own people and other Christians, but because he Let us take, for example, the does not wish to break down the central sacrament of the Lord's standard of preparation. Supper. On the Catholic side, the misconception has to do with the What is needed is a sympathetic Protestant view of the nature of study of, the position of Protes- Christ's presence in the sacrament. tants by Catholics, and vice versa; Protestants believe that presence and, what is even more important, to be a spiritual presence, but a mutual participation in the pracnot on that account less real. In- tice of each by the other. deed it was their sense of the solemnity of the sacrament and The latter is rendered difficult the momentous issues involved in by the association of sacramental partaking of it which led to the grace with a view of the ministry Protestant, custom of infrequent which makes a ministry episcocelebration. Catholics not unnat- pally ordained the necessary conurally regard this as meaning dition of the performance of a that Protestants attribute com- valid sacrament. So long as paratively little importance to the Christ's presence in the sacrament sacrament and therefore fail to is made dependent on the presence feel at home in Protestant worship. of a priest who has been episcopal- Too often they miss the note of ly ordained it would seem as if we reverence with which they them- were in the presence of an inselves are accustomed to approach superable obstacle. the altar, and the conviction that only one who has prepared himself Yet even here there are signs of by discipline is spiritually fit to hope. Many Catholics, not only of the Anglican but of the Eoman partake. Church, admit that, although the The Protestant, on his part, re- Protestant ministry is not from their point of view a valid mingards the Catholic view of Christ's istry, it may be an efficacious minpresence in the elements as involv- istry, and this not only of the ing a magical view of the relation word but of the sacraments. If of God and man, which he regards this be true, it would seem as if as superstitious. He fails to un- one great obstacle to a better understand the psychological reason derstanding could be removed by which underlies the ex opere oper- the recognition by Episcopal bodies, ato theory of the sacrament and like the Lambeth Conference, of makes it subjectively efficacious to occasional intercommunion. those who use it as a means of spiritual discipline. To him the In the meantime, we who are custom of reservation seems a denial of Christ's spiritual pres- Protestants should rethink the ence with his people everywhere, and so he misses the help which the whole subject of the sacraments, physical symbol brings to the Cath- and where our practice has fallen olic in helping him to realize that below our theory, we should re- cover the spiritual help and power they are fitted to supply.

OF THE

The Church and the Masses Roman Catholic, is chiefly of the work- ing class. A committee of the Church Some oft repeated statements come Federation of Chicago, a few years to be widely accepted without reflec- ago, made inquiries which revealed the tion as to their accuracy. Among the fact that 67 per cent of the male mem- most common of these is the statement bers of the Protestant churches in that the masses are drifting away that city were wage earners and that from the Church. Well, when have they formed 60 per cent of the person- they ever drifted toward it? When nel of the official boards of the has the world ever been in the churches.

Church? We have heard Christians, It is unhappily true that multitudes who ought to know better, use the are outside of the churches and that words in Mark 12: 37-"the common there are disconcerting facts in the people heard him gladly"-as if in the present religious situation. But we days of our Lord the masses of the do not believe that the proportiun of people were with Him. But the the so-called "common people" who record shows that some were after the are hostile to the churches is any more loaves and fishes; that others were marked now than in former genera- drawn by curiosity; still others by the tions. The Institute of Social and Re- report that he was to liberate them ligious Research has recently pub- from Roman rule and restore the king- lished a volume by Dr. C. Luther Fry, dom to Israel; that even "many of entitled "The U. S. Looks at Its his disciples," when He plainly told Churches," in which he proves in a them His mission, "went back and comparison of the Government's walked no more with him" (John 6: official census reports for 1906, 1916 66); and that the fickle people who and 1926, that church membership in welcomed Him with palms to Jeru- the United States is increasing at the salem were not in evidence when the same rate as the adult population of throng around Pilot's judgment seat the country. That high authority on yelled "Crucify him." church statistics, Dr. H. K. Carroll, Who are the masses today anyhow? after listing the latest available re- If a working man and his family at- turns from all the churches in the tend church, they are not considered United States, writes in The Christian as belonging to the masses; but if Herald: they stay away from it, they are called One thing stands out unmistakably, "the masses." As a matter of fact, the Church is not dying, as some cynics while the membership of some denom- would have us believe. And if it is losinations is largely of the bus m. ess andiningg iitns thhoelsde osntatthisetipcesoptole,shthowereiti.s nDouthr– professional classes, a high proportion ing a year when business receded, when of the members of the four largest many publications lost circulatio~,. when Protestant denominations, which to- the membership of hundreds of CIvil and gether represent a majority of the wsoocuialdl hoargvaenbizeaetnioanns adcrhoipepveedmennottafbolry,thiet Christians in the United States, is religious bodies merely to hold their own. composed of people who, being of the But they have done better-they have average American type, may fairly be gained, made one of the most remarkable called of "the ma>sses," while the mem- dgoaayinss,beafollreththinegGs recaotnsWidaerr.ed,Wsiitnhcae ftehwe bership of the largest single body, the exceptions, the worst that can be said 841

is that some denominations report a fall- organized girls' school. She and Mr. ing off as compared with the year before. Hawkes were married the following year. They worked together for thirty- A. J. B. five years until her death from typhus fever in 1919. Veterans of Fifty Years Mr. Hawkes has become one of the out- We would like to join the relatives, standing scholars of the Persian lanfriends and supporter·s concerned in guage and in 1912 assisted in the revision honoring the services of missionaries of the translation of the Persian Bible. who have served fifty or more years. Since then he has been in charge of a Their number is comparatively small second edition which is now on the press. and every year some of them "cross In addition to these achievements, Mr. the River" to meet the Lord whom Hawkes has contributed much to the edu- cational advancement of Persia.

they have so long and so faithfully Can a Religious Periodical Pay served. The Editor will be grateful if those who know of such mission- Its 'Vay ?

aries will send brief articles about Twenty-eight editors of religious them. We publish at this time the fol- periodicals, in conference last April in lowing article written by Mr. Herrick Washington, considered this question B. Young of Teheran, Persia, regard- and approved a report of their Find- ing the Rev. Dr. James W. Hawkes, ing·s Committee which included the which appell!"ed in Women and Mis- statement: "While a few church sionsJ-EDITOR. papers are on a paying basis, as a This year the Rev. James W. Hawkes general rule it does not seem possible is celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of his arrival in Persia as a Presbyterian to make church papers self-supportmissionary. A monumental Persian ing." Bible dictionary numbering 1000 pages, the work of Mr. Hawkes, is being pub- Dr. David M. Sweets, editor of The lished. Christian Observer, Louisville, Ky., read a paper on this subject in which Mr. Hawkes was a graduate of Princeton in the class of 1875, and of Union he said: Theological Seminary in 1880. He .and four other pioneer missionaries went out Twelve years ago about one in three on the long journey, spending almost of the religious weeklies was reported six months on the way before Teheran self-sustaining. Today it is probable was reached. that less than one in twenty is self-sus- taining. Almost every church paper re- Mission work in Persia was just be- ports that its expenses are exceeding its ginning and Moslem leaders did not income. The Methodist Episcopal Church welcome foreigtiers. Health conditions and the Methodist Episcopal Church, were very bad, with no doctors in the South, through the Methodist Book Conentire country. The mission station had cern and through Conferences, have furonly just been opened and there was no nished many hundred thousands of dol- American diplomatic representative in lars to pay the deficits of their church the land. In November, 1881, he was papers and keep them in existence. sent to Hamadan, a newly opened sta- Publications of other denominations are tion, for the winter. He became so inter- running with deficits, some as high as ested in the place that he asked to be $20,000 a year. stationed there permanently. The next year a doctor and his wife and a young What Are the Reasons? woman missionary were added to the force. In spite of some opposition from Dr. Sweets answers: "Each copy of the governor and the people of the city, Mr. Hawkes was able to rent, and later a church paper today costs about twice buy, property for mission work. When the difficulties were at their greatest, as much as it did twelve years ago. Nashr-ed-Din Shah. one of the first progressive rulers of Persia, made a grant Print paper costs almost eighty per of $700 and gave a royal permit for the cent more. The wage~ of printer.s building of a church for the Armenian community. This established the mission have about doubled. Other expenses on a firm basis. have more than doubled." The editor In 1883. Miss S. Belle Sherwood came of The Christian Advocate, New York, to Hamadan as a teacher in the newlM adds: Yet the price of annual subscription has been raised little, if any. At the same

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

time the national advertising patronage VIEW. As an interdenominational has been practically monopolized by a few magazine it cannot appeal to denomperiodicals of nation-wide circulation, inational loyalty, but it does appeal to leaving not only the church papers, but loyalty to the common cause of Christ. practically all the cultural weekly It is not, and from the nature of the papers, magazines and reviews with only case cannot be, a commercial entera meager revenue from this source. As prise. It is really an integral part of a result many denominational organs the home and foreign missionary work have gone to the wall-and over it. of the churches, and as such it should The mortality is very heavy, and some be supported. Ministers, missionaries which still survive are evidently living at and laymen should not only know what a poor dying rate. When Dr. J. M. Row- their own churches are doing but land, editor of The Richmond Christian should keep in touch with the work Advocate, was making a pulpit appeal of other churches. THE MISSIONARY in behalf of his paper to a Virginia con- REVIEW is a medium through which gregation, one of his hearers, a man pro- they can exchange information and foundly unfamiliar with the economics ideas, and as the only interdenominaof religious journalism, shot this ques- tional periodical in this field it serves tion at him: "What do you do with the an important purpose. The subscripprofits?" Doctor Rowland was stunned tion price is kept at the low figure of for a moment, but soon recovered and $2.50, which is below cost, so as to explained the impossibility under pres- make THE REVIEW available to many ent-day conditions of making a church who do not feel able to pay a higher paper pay cash dividends. "You might price. just as well ask that question of any mission field, orphanage or hospital," he Several of the denominational said, and went on to show that the div- boards, The Home Missions Council, idends paid by a church paper had to be representing the home missionary figured in gains in intelligence, informa- boards of all the leading denomination, inspiration and action on the part tions, the interdenominational Council of those who read it and in the interest of Women for Home Missions, the of the organization which it serves. Foreign Missions Conference of North America and the Federation of Wom- The editor of The Presbyterian Ad- ens Boards for Foreign Missions, have vance, N ashville, Tenn., effectively repeatedly recognized the important place of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW in emphasizes this: the modern missionary enterprise, and The publication of a church paper is both of the Women's Councils and sevno more a commercial enterprise than is eral of the denominational boards are the maintenance of a "particular so fully convinced that THE MISSIONchurch." Christians do not organize a ARY REVIEW is essential to their work church for the same reason that men that they make annual grants toward form a business corporation. A church its Maintenance Fund. But the misis organized with no thought of financial sionary agencies cannot adequately profit at all; purely for the service it finance THE REVIEW in addition to can render. their denominational obligations. A small number of men and women testi- Now, it is for exactly the same reason fy to their recognition of the importhat a church paper is maintained. It tant work of THE REVIEW by individdoes not seek financial profit. ual gifts. But death in some caseR and business reverses in others haw That situation is the reason why it is seriously affected this source of supproper to call upon the real friends of ply. THE REVIEW confidently appeals the paper-those who believe in its mis- to other friends for contributions, just sion and desire it to fulfill that mission as they contribute to the missionary more adequately-to contribute both time and money to that end. The truth is that work of their churches. A. J. B. the paper is being produced below cost. Some friends urge us to increase the subscription rate to meet the cost. Yet if it is done many good friends of small means will feel unable to take the paper which truly helps them. Hence we should work together to serve the largest possible number at the lowest possible cost.

The Missionary Review These consideratIons apply with special force to THE MISSIONARY RE- EDITED BY MRS. F. I. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK President of the Federation of Woman's Boards for Foreign Missions A "FIELD" METHOD THREE PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS By MISS PANSY GRIFFIN, CHANGLI, FOR PRESENTING CHAPTER I OF "A CLOUD OF WITNESSES" CHINA IN LOCAL SOCIETY OR IN CHURCH CONGREGATION "One outstanding day during the spring term was 'fourth month, eight- This srune idea may most cleverly eenth day' of the lunar year. It came be used in the presentation of "India on May 16th. Formerly that was a Looks to Her Future." Simply substidate for a temple fair in Changli, but tute topics for persons. disturbed conditions for a number of years had interrupted it. This year, CHAPTER I it being very peaceful around us, saw many people out for a fair. But there By MRS. H. H. CLAYPOOLE was none; the present government Tallmadge, Ohio rather frowns on them. So the people came to the Mission, which is very (First award, Lakeside Summer Schaal 'Of Missions, 1930) close to the temple where the fair News-Real was formerly held. Dinctions: Pictures and placards "We had only two gate·s open and to be placed in a double doorway, managed so that people entered at the backed by doors themselves on a foldchurch gate. In the church Dr. Lantz ing screen, so that frame of door had a hygienic display, posters, baby forms the frame for both pictures and clothes, etc., and the nurse was there placards. Vitaphone represented by to answer questions. The pastor was a woman back of scenes, talking from the city, Miss Dyer and her as- through a ·small megaphone, or in case sistants were also in the church sur- of music, by an unseen piano. rounded by evangelistic posters. After listening to a ,short talk at the church, Scene I the people came over to the Primary Placard to be hung on closed doors School, the Women's School, Alderman or screen: "Workers in God's Harvest Junior High, and then the Boys' Field." School. It was like doing all one's advertising in one day! Over 2,500 Music plays softly, "Jesus Calls Us." people went through before we closed Placard removed. the gate for the noon hour. In the Picture-Three women in cQ.stume afternoon we didn't count for a while, representing Persia, China, Africa but there were over 4,000 altogether. We started out having classes so that with name printed on band across them. Stand as if talking with one another while vitaphone speaks for people could see just how the school each. ran, but at eleven o'clock the crowds Vitaphone as Selby: "I am Selby were so great we had to stop clas·ses. Already we are considering plans for of Marbeshoo, the niece of a Nestorian next year so that we may make a bishop, who was brought by my deeper impression on the people." uncle to the mission school in Urumia, Persia. Here I became a Christian 844

1930J METHODS FOR WORKERS

and at the age of fifteen went to live for the Christ. I enjoyed going four with my husband in his father's fam- times each year to the missionary ily, already numbering some sixty conference communion service, even people. I enjoyed my life among them though I had to paddle ten hours e8l:h and tried in every way to help them way. I always tried to take a generous till on the day my third son was born, gift either from my garden or my my aged husband died and I was basket making. One time I had only treated like a servant. I still con- a poor old broken basket to give as tinued teaching my small sons what I the buffalo had destroyed my garden had learned at the mission school. and my husband had burned my mud One son soon died but I have had the house, destroying all my pottery and joy of seeing my younger son or- baskets because I refused to stay at dained as a minister. Not long ago home from the conference. The mis- I had the pleasure of returning to my sionaries hearing my story tried to -school for the graduation of my three persuade me to stay with them, but I granddaughters." felt my work was in my own village and 1 did hope my husband would ac- Vitaphone continues: Selby was cept the Christ. Long after my huskilled during an invasion by the band died and I became feeble and old. Khurds, staying behind the others I finally went to the widow's home with the household goods so that her and there tried to continue my preachson and her beautiful granddaughters ing and teaching." might escape. Vitaphone continues: Ekot "went Vitaphone as Wang: "Going from away" while telling the story of the Shantung to Peiping to take an ex- Good Samaritan to those around her. amination, my husband heard, for the first time, the Gospel preached, and Scene II asked to be baptized. He came home and won me to the new religion and On Placard-"Work of a Child we in turn influenced our friends and Widow." neighbors. I was not satisfied, however, with what he could tell and de- P.icture-Hariamma in costume. termined to go to Peiping myself to Vitaphone speaks: "1 was born in learn to read. I finally persuaded my the palace of a rajah in India. My fason to push my wheelbarrow the 400 ther died when I was very young and miles to the mission and there learned I was betrothed almost at birth, my to read my Bible. When I went there future husband dying before I was I had the bad habit of smoking a pipe old enough to know it. As a lonely but gave thi-s up so that I might add and despised child, I had only one my tobacco money to my contribu- friend, a boy named Gurahati, who tions. I was the first Bible-woman of was afflicted with leprosy. He taught the mission and have worked wherever me to read and together we read many I have been sent. My body has givell Hindu books, but were not allowed to out long before my will and since my marry as I was a widow. Finally he eightieth birthday I have had to be was forced t.o marry a mere baby, but taken from village to village in my he and I stIll continued our reading. wheelbarrow. My son also became a One day my friend found a leaflet preacher but was killed during the dropped by a missionary and after Boxer Uprising." reading it together, we both resolved to be Christians. He ran away and Vitaphone as Ekot: "I lived in a went to the mission headquarters and harem in the Belgian Congo in Africa. was baptized. Months later he sent I heard some missionaries from across for me, and I too went to J;he mission the seven mile wide river, and I be- station and was baptized. After -some came a Christian. I stayed at home time, his unnatural marriage to the and worked among my own people, baby girl was dissolved and we were hoping to win them and my husband married, but he lived only a few years

after. I remained with the mission est of 24 children. I entered a govand tried to comfort the afflicted and ernment school at the age of fifteen console those who are 8orrowfuL" and from there I went to a mission school where my heart was touched by Scene III the cheerfulness and happiness of the missionaries. I was eventually bap- Placard-Girls who have fallen into tized with the permission of my family the hands of missionaries. and went home to live where, after a few years, 32 members of my family Picture-Philip Sarah, Kondubai, were baptized. I am now an evangel- Nameh Shahla, each with her name ist with the Presbyterian mission in on her. Nanking and am trying to help other young women with my influence." Vitaphone: Philip Sarah was raised by a Christian father who heard the Scene V Gospel fir8t, then passed it on to those around him. She was early a widow Placa,rd-In Africa. and thereafter continued her preach- Picture-All in pantomime, no vitaing in all parts of the mission field. phone. Her children and her children's chil- Music-"Swing Low, Sweet Chardren are all at work in the mission. iot" played through entire scene. Act She has had good health, a good mind out story of Nyang Ocinda and her and a feeling heart to carry on her baby as given on pages 46-49 in the work and though she has been a widow textbook with no spoken word. for forty year·s, no reproach has ever Final placard to be hung on door: been cast upon her. "No influence ·surpasses in importance that 'Of the woman who goes about Kondubai was born in India and among her own people, telling the Gos· after her father's death came into the pel story with sincerity and convichands of the missionaries. She had tion." an extraordinary gift as a story-teller and made all her stories real. She "A CLOUD OF WITNESSES" continued active in Christian work after her marriage and was interested CHAPTER I in the promotion of temperance and was for many years president of the By MRS. W. W. ENGSTROM woman's missionary society in hel' church. The hostess, a returned missionary, has invited a few guests, who are also Nameh Shahla still lives and works missionaries, in to tea. As they arin Palestine. She grew up in a Chris- rive she greets them and they seat tian home and was graduated from the themselves around a tea table. girls' school of the mission. She is most capable and allows nothing to While there the talk turns to discourage her. She says, "I'm glad friends and helpers in other lands. I'm plain and homely. I can preach Each in turn tells of some character the Gospel in places where a beautiful in the first chapter who has been her woman couldn't possibly go." But to friend and helper. her husband's eyes she is a beautiful woman. The hostess ends with the story 'Of Ekot Nganga. As she closes the story Scene IV someone in the distance may sing "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot." Placard-The Daughter of a °Governor. "A CLOUD OF WITNESSES"

Picture-Christiana Tsai (see text- CHAPTER I book) . Use individual to represent her, or her own enlarged picture. By LETTIE ALLAN RUSH (First award, Northfield Institute, 1930) Vitaplwne: "My father was governor of one of the central provinces Subject-TELL ME A TRUE STORY: of China and I was almost the young- Bible Women and Evangelists.

HJ30] METHODS FOR WORKERS

Quiet 1nU8ie-Pianist playing softly, Sing the whole of the two hymns ill "Jesus Loves Me, This I Know." this way. After a verse or two, a child or children, dressed in foreign costumes, Praye'l"–Since those who have not march in singing this children's hymn. heard the true story of Jesus are eager to hear, may we be eager to tell it, Bible Reading-Acts 1: 8, Hebrews that the whole world may sing, "Jesus 12: 1, by leader. loves me, this I know, for the Bible tells me so." Because Jesus' disciples obeyed this command to witnes·s, in later years "RAINBOW WISDOM," OR "POT OF Paul was able to speak of the cloud of GOLD" witnesses. Some of these witnesses have gone to the uttermost parts of (A demonstration to teach relation the earth telling the true story of of each Christian to the denomina- Jesus and His love. So, today, we are tional organizations.) encompassed about with a great cloud of witnesses in these far off countries, Properties who are beginning again at Jerusalem. This book, "A Cloud of Witnesses," is Twelve placards 24" x 18" labeled really another chapter in the Acts of with names of various societies and the Apostles. This first chapter is a boards. (If preferred, paper or cloth group of true stories of Bible women bands may be substituted.) and evangelists "who go from door to door, from street corner to street corner, from village to village, into hospitals and prisons, into the market places and the homes of the lowliest, telling the good news of the Gospel."

Women dressed in foreign costumes, sitting in your group will give a story half-hour-Persia, Palestine, India, China, Japan, Africa.

OUTLINE OF CHAPTER I One long strip of paper 12"xl0' con- taining name of denominational or- Subject-Tell me a true ,story. ganization. (Choose a woman for India, who can sing, and after telling her ,story Ten rolls Denison crepe paper 4" have her sing the hymn on page 12, wide in rainbow colors. (Ribbon may written by a converted Hindu girl: be substituted.) "In the Secret of His Presence.") At the close of the story half-hour, Two 12" discs of yellow or gilt cardask your whole group to read re- board marked in segments to show sponsively the last sentences in Chap- division of money among various soter I, making a few changes, the why cieties. One should be left whole, of which you will make clear as leader. other cut into segments. "No influence surpasses in importance that of the woman be she Per- Orange waste basket or jardinere sian, African, Chinese or Indian, for "pot of gold." Oriental or Occidental, who goes ab~ut among her own people, living and tell- Paper rainbow f () l' background. ing the Gospel story with simplicity (Pretty but not essential.) and conviction." The foreign women then sing a Outline verse of "Tell Me the Old, Old Story," answered by the rest of the group in This was written for a Baptist a verse o~ "I Love to Tell the Story." church. With change of nomenclature it will fit any denomination: In de- scribing, will use Baptist names for clearness.

Let the most gifted woman repre- tion. The uncut disc may be used to ,ent the local church, holding one of explain to the audience the proporthe 12 placards (or wearing a band tions assigned to the various societies across her breast) labeled Local from the amounts contributed by the Church. She conducts the entire dem- churches. onstration, first explaining that the local church is just a band of Chris- Close with prayer that every memtians united to carry out God's will in ber of every church may do his part the world. This introductory speech to sustain the great work God has enshould be as full and clear as she trusted to his denomination. can make it. She proceeds to show how the local churches go about doing N. B. The accounts of each society the Lord's work by introducing one may be pasted on the back of the by one the organizations which the placards, to assist the memory. The denomination supports. As each is effect is better, of course if they are mentioned, a woman comes to the not read. platform carrying a placard suitably labeled and gives an account of the WORSHIP SERVICE: OUR LORD'S society she represents. The Local Church should stand on the floor in PRAYER front of the platform. As the various women appear, she hands to each a Chant "Our Father Who Art in strip of rainbow paper, unrolls it and Heaven"-Quartette or entire group. places the other end in the "pot of gold" (i. e., the yellow jardinere on Leader with bowed head says reva table at her side). When ten women erently and slowly: "Our Father who have lined up, there is a very effective art in heaven hallowed be Thy name." rainbow extending fan-wise from the pot of gold to the row of ladies. The Pianist strikes one chord and all societies used in this demonstration, sing one stanza of "Holy, Holy, Holy." were Association, State Convention, Have a strong voice ready to lead oft' City Missions, Publication Society, in the entire program. Home Missions, Women's Home Missions, Board of Education, Foreign Leader: "Thy kingdom come." Missions, Women's Foreign Missions, Ministers' and Missionaries' Benefit Person with clear, steady voice re- cites Oxenham's poem, "Thy Kingdom Board. Come." To unify the presentation, the Local Leader: "Thy will be done on earth Church explains how the Northern as it is in heaven." Baptist Convention was formed for all these to meet, consult, and cooperate. Recitation-Oxenham's poem, "Thy Two women lift above the heads of Will Be Done." the ten, the long banner with the words Northern Baptist Convention. Leader: "Give us this day our daily Last, a Board which brings to the bread." Local Church the financial neetis of these societies and returns to them Pianist strikes chord, all sing, the gifts of the Local Church, may be "Break Thou the Bread of Life." Two represented by an agile little woman stanzas. who gathers from each a slip containing the amount required for the cur- Leader: "And forgive us our debts rent year's work, brings these to the as we forgive our debtors." Local Church, receives from her the segments of the golden disc (dollar) Solo-"He Blotted Them Out," or and gives to each the agreed propor- other song of forgiveness.

Leader: "And lead us not into temptation but deliver us from evil."

Pianist gives chord, all sing "Yield Not to Temptation." One stanza.

Leader: "For Thine is the kingdom and the power and the glory forever, amen."

Pianist ,strikes chord and all sing, "All hail the power of Jesu~' name."

METHODS FOR WORKERS

THY KINGDOM COME Thy will be done! Thy good will is For every man such happiness, such By JOHN OXENHAM freedom from life's care and Thy kingdom come! and quickly, Lord! stress, For life is a tempestuous sea, where As never man did yet possess, And so, each day storm-winds beat unceasingly With joy we pray- And drive us oft away from Thee. Thy will be done! Thy will be done! So, day by day, We ever pray- THE BIBLE-THERE IT STANDS Thy kingdom come! A Responsive Reading for Thy kingdom come! Devotional Service Thy kingdom come! Lord, till it comes, LEADER RESPONSE We are but voyagers who roam with Century follows century There it stands straining eyes amid the gloom, And seek, but cannot find our home. Empires rise and fall There it stands and are forgotten So, day by day, In faith we pray- Kings are crowned and There it stands Thy kingdom come! uncrowned Thy kingdom come! Emperors decree its ex- There it stands Thy kingdom come! For when it comes Earth's crying wrongs will be redressed, termination Despised and torn to and man will make his chiefest There it stands quest pieces The peace of God which giveth rest. Storms of hate swirl So, day by day, about it In hope we pray- There it stands Thy kingdom come! Atheists rail against it There it stands Thy kingdom come! Agnostics smile cynically There it stands Unbelief abandons it There it stands Thy kingdom come! Ah, grant us, Lord Higher critics deny its To see the day when Thou shalt reign claim to inspiration There it stands Thunderbolts of wrath supreme within the hearts of men, There it stands And love shall dwell on earth again, smite it For that, Thy day, Flames are kindled about There it stands We ever pray- it Thy kingdom come! Thy kingdom come! Arrows of hate are dis- charged against it There it stands THY WILL BE DONE Infidels predict its aban- There it stands By JOHN OXENHAM donment Thy will be done I Lord, when it is, Earth will forsake her miseries and turn Modernism tries to ex- There it stands plain it away again to Thee where is Laughed at and scorned There it stands Sure hope of full recoveries But- When childhood needs a So, day by day There it stands In faith we pray- standard of truth When youth calls for a Thy will be done I There it stands Thy will be done! beacon light Thy will be done! Until it is,. When sorrow calls for There it stands Life cannot know the untold b11ss of full consolation and free and sure release When weakness searches From all that now doth mar its peace. for the sources of There it stands So, day by day, power In hope we pray- When old age calls for Thy will be done! an upholding staff There it stands Thy will be done! When the weary seek There it stands Thy will be done, for Thy will is refuge and rest Man's deepest, highest, fullest joy! When the hungry soul There it stands Love's purest gold without alloy calls for bread With thought of that our hearts we buoy, When the thirsty pil- And day by day grim yearns for water There it stands Full faithed we pray- When the overwhelmed There it stands Thy will be done! cry for relief Thy will be done! When we aJlproach the 4 "Valley of the Shadow" There it stands (From "The Secret of the Life Sublime." by Dr. A. Z. Conrad. published by Elemlng H. Revell Company at $1.50. Tbis chapter Is used with the permission of the publishers.) For sale by M. H. Leavis, North Cambridge, Mass. Prices: 2 for 5 cents i. 12 for 25 cents; 60 for 75 cents; 100 for $1.,,5.

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 105 East 22d Street, New York, and FLORENCE G. TYLER, 419 Fourth Avenue, New York E xecutive Secretaries of the Coy,ncil of Women for Home Missions and Federa- tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions of North A m erica OB S ~JRVIN (i WORLD DA Y OF PRAY E R I N WONSA N, KOREA, MARC H 7, l ll3 0 PRESSED DOWN; RUNNING OVER goodness to His children, and in prayer for health, strength and courage to As o'er each Continent and Island go forward in the making of a better Th. dawn leads on another day, world. Such a day of nearly forty hours was March 7, 1930, and again The voice of prayer is never ended, on February 20, 1931, the measure of Nor dies the strain of praise away. time will be pressed down, running over. When the Day of Prayer begins in New Zealand with a sunrise service In the variou·s accounts of the obat five A. M. and ends in Honolulu servance of the day it is interesting with an evening service of p raise and to note contrasts. In general the womprayer, just how many hours of wor- en of other lands have observed the ship have been crowded into that pre- day as more truly a day of prayer and cious day? Here is a little problem in thanksgiving. The women of Amerthe computation of time which for ica see in it a great opportunity for those who have relegated their a rith- conveying to those present informametic to the days gone by will stir tion and inspiration. The women of up the old processes and give a new the Orient come together to pray. The zest to thinking. women of America prepare brief dramatizations aI)d pageants which By calling in the aid of all the sec- will portray the needs of the projects, retaries available on a July day ap- and the cause of Christian Missions. proximately forty hours has been agreed upon as the time when the After all, the program is only the women of the world are uniting in praise to Almighty God for His great 850 guiding suggestion, and Chinese, In- Lord's Prayer was given in 14 differ- dian, Persian, Egyptian, Hungarian, ent languages. At the time of the and American-all "paint the thing as service in Ann Arbor, Michigan, the they SEe it" and "the God of things as church bells rang throughout the city, they are" sees the spirit, the love, the ami in the Cameroun district of Af- effort, and the great underlying desire rica the African drum was heard that brings them all together for a day through the forests and the little vil- of prayer and communion. lages.

In general, the women of (lther lands In a little village in China at sun- feel more keenly the great significance rise the street was a-clatter with the of a world at prayer. This word comes sound of the wooden-soled shoes on the from Sakboyenne, Africa: "They carne hard little streets as the mothers carne quickly. It seemed as if there had carrying their little children to the been added new dignity to their bear- early morning meeting, and after the ing. The consciousness that they were sun had gone down at night Martin an integral part of the praying women Smith and his wife and seven chilof the world made them forget them- dren were finding their way back to selves in the thought that they were God',s children with other (If God's 'l'HB UIWlJP IN PODOLl, NELLORE children praying for the same things." DISTRICT, INDIA And this from Miraj, India: "The women gathered in the chapel, a color- their little cabin in the mountains of ful group with some in their wedding Kentucky, over seven miles of rough, garments. It was a beautiful, heart- muddy road, having walked all . that searching service. During the minutes distance to attend the evening service of silent prayer, there was such an ab- of the Day of Prayer in the little solute calm as none of us had ever ex- chapel by "Howling Run." perienced before in the Miraj Church. Two women testified, and nineteen Surely the world is b(lund by chains prayers were offered aloud. After of prayer around the feet of God on repeating the 'World Family Prayer' that day. – the Lord's Prayer-the women silently faded away." At the same Could we but remove ourselves to a time comes this account from Musko- great distance where we might view gee, Oklahoma: "Beginning at nine the preparations for this day, and o'clock the organist played softly till then the progress of the day through ten-thirty when the program began. its forty hours, we would lose sight We used the outlined program 'Look- of the petty difficulties which confront ing Unto Jesus.' A light luncheon was us in our own circle as we lay our served at noon. At one o'clock the plans, and we would sense the thrill services were continued, using the pro- which comes with the feeling that we gram 'That Jesus May Be Lifted Up.' are a part of something so great and This was completed at three o'clock, so powerful that we are scarcely able but the organist played softly until to comprehend its meaning. So great, four, old church hymns that would so far reaching, so powerful is this direct one's thoughts to prayer. The Day of Prayer. hours seemed long when announced, but they passed very quickly. An at- The program for 1931 was practimosphere of quiet and prayer predominated at all times." Oklahoma and India are very close together, after all, in their spiritual approach.

Four languages were used in the service at Kangpokpi, Manipur, Assam, while in Brooklyn, New York, the

cally finished in May, 1930. Then it spend the day in prayer; the Bible was mimeographed and sent to the women from all over the district came mis-sion boards, and by them to all in; Bible Institute students, and a the mission fields where it is trans- number of young girls from the night lated into some thirty ·or forty lan- school. guages and vernaculars. Then in many of the lands . it goes to the And as the day advances we are printers, and the first edition which joined by the groups in India-groups comes from the press in the United in the villages meeting near a tam- States is about two hundred and fifty arina grove or under a banyan tree; thousand copies. The program, trans- groups in the little chapels and in the lated and printed in Pyengyang, larger churches; a group in Kang- Korea, is sent out for use in one pokpi, Assam, British India-one hunthousand rural churches in that lo- dred and fifty women representing cality. Each group in its own locality Tangkhul Naga, Anal, Kuki, Kacha makes plans for its own observance, Naga, and Tushai tribes, where two and the Day arrives-first in New languages must be used to make all Zealand. understand, and where they prayed, each in her own tongue, using four THE MEEl'l'ING IN SHENCHOW, CHINA languages. And can't you see the women in their wedding garments, be- Can you picture these services in cause it is a great day when the womthe little villages in Japan where at en of the world are praying together? sunrise the women gathered to celebrate the day, or perhaps in a little And again the day advances and we village in China where at five o'clock the women came carrying their babies, are joined by the women of Persia and the husbands came to prepare the and Syria-five hundred of them in meals at the church so that the women Beirut; the women brought their might spend the entire day there; or the chapel on the river bank, where in neighbors, some Moslem, some Greek the early morning the little boats began to draw up carrying the families Orthodox and some Syriac. The womfor the early prayer service-Utwenty- en from Turkey join with us in five" – "fifty"-"one hundred"-"one prayer, and scattered groups in the hundred and fifty-only ten per cent Balkans and Hungary and Germany. of whom could read"-"every woman who ever attends the church"-"two The Cameroun district in Africa hundred"-"two hundred and fifty"- has some of the largest meetings, the "six hundred women and girls"-"the women coming from miles around and, church crowded to the doors" – or, too, in the little villages they gather, "those who came more than filled the called by the African drum. At the chapel, and dozens of women and chil- little village of Nkol Mvolan, after a dren remained standing outside the meeting of about fifty women they church throughout the service." separated, going back to their homes by three different paths, testifying Or imagine the meeting at Wonsan, and praying in the different homes as Korea, where the women came to they went ,so that the whole district around felt the influence of that meet- ing.

And still the day progresses-the American church in Rome, and the American church in Paris have meet- ings. All over Holland groups of women are joining in. In Oslo groups joined for the first time this year, and from them the news was passed on to a group at Tonder, Denmark. A pas- tor in Wales heard about it and sent for programs, and his people became

WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

a part of the world family, praying their own groups in their own ·c·om- together on that day. munities on February 20, 1931, shall we not try to convey to them this The day dawned for America- sense of oneness with the other wom- North, South and Central, and for en of the world, make them feel the Cuba and the other islands in the united prayer of women everywhere, West Indies. Through the courtesy so that from our hearts we will fur- of the National Broadcasting Com- ther voice the words of the old hymn: pany and the Greater New York Fed- We thank Thee that Thy Church uneration of Churches, for the fourth year a service was broadcast over a sleeping, chain of some 18 stations, and soon While earth rolls onward into light, after eight o'clock thousands of peo- Through all the world her watch is keepple in the eastern areas joined in the observance of that day. In other sec- ing. And rests not now, by day or night. tions the radio also carried the message. In the United States, meetings FLORENCE G. TYLER. were held in every state of the Union. In Canada, from Nova Scotia and New THE LEADERS OF THE MEETING, KANG· Brunswick to Saskatchewan and be- POKPI, MANIPUR STATE, ASSAM yond, in Mexico, Nicaraugua, and the different countries of South America THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER the chain of prayer continued un- AND YOUNG PEOPLE broken. Preparation In large cities where a day of In the word that has come to us of prayer must find its place amid thou- the observance of the World Day of sands of diversions, and in little coun- Prayer by young people, we find that try districts where the people walk the planning for the meeting may be miles over unspeakable roads to at- through a variety of channels. There tend; in sections where people read, is the local interdenominational group write and speak many languages, and of women, called the Council of Church in other sections less privileged, where Women, Women's Church and Mispeople speak haltingly, and read and sionary Federation, Women's Departwrite not at all-the Day of Prayer ment or one of many other names. still finds its way. People who cannot If this is the channel, it seems best to read commit sections of the program ask for a committee of young women. to memory, and those who are shut Usually there should also be included in may still observe the day. One the organized young people's groups: woman on the plains of Texas-a Christian Endeavor, Epworth League, "shut-in"-when the day was bad and her friends could not get to her, read the service by herself, prayed the prayers, sang the hymns, and sent her offering for objects named by the committee.

The native Women's Missionary Society in Sitka, Al!l!ska, came together on that day, and they brought an offering of twenty-five dollars; and far out in the P!l!Cific, the day re!I!Ched Hawaii.

From the rising of the sun in the East to the going down of the same in the West, March the seventh, 1930, was a day long to be remembered.

When our women come together in

Baptist Young People's Union, Youth together. It may later become town Council, etc. This insures their coop- or city wide.

eration. It also means that the young The Hampton Young Women's So- men are asked to participate, and ex- ciety of Gibsonia, Pa., "voted that Perience indicates that the young each member devote a part of her women frequently wish to have the daily devotions to this cause, instead young men become interested in the of holding a meeting."

meeting. A central committee may Publicity make the plans. All groups whose cooperation is desired should be en- A "Call to Prayer" especially pre- listed from the beginning. To in- pared by and for young people has terest the young men, also, possibly been felt desirable, one so arranged the speaker, if one is sought, may be that it can be used as a small poster a man. on a church bulletin board, yet can also be folded for a letter. The printed "Call" from headquarters and any other publicity should be given out at all denominational and inter- denominational meetings of young people. It is more effective if a mem- ber of the central committee can make the announcement in person, and then distribute the folders.

The ineeting of the pastors, in some }!OTHERS' CLUB: O;iE O~' 'J'HE GROUPS places held regularly, should not be AT THE }[~;ETI:G. DUMAGT'ETE. PHILIP- forgotten as a means of publicity. 1'1:E IfLA~-nS The Executive Committee of the women's interdenominational group If there is in the community no may well be invited to be present as women's group to sponsor it, it is sponsors or guests, if the meeting is possible to ask each pastor for the held separately from that ,of the name of an interested or capable women.

young woman, and together these may The daily papers and church calen- meet to form the planning committee. dars or bulletins will welcome, as a Or the local young people's missionary rule, the notice of the meeting. An chairmen may be approached. In- announcement may be placed in the clude members ,of various racial printed or mimeographed young peo- groups in the planning and the par- ple's bulletins or topic cards and ticipation. written notices may be given to the While we should aim toward inter- pastors and Sunday-school superin- denominational observance, yet other tendents. The poster, secured from plans may be adopted if local condi- headquarters, may be utilized.

tions make this advisable. Miss Ruth Progranl M. Drummond of the North United Presbyterian church, of Pittsburgh, While the pdnted program as sup- Pa., tells of the meeting of the wom- plied by headquarters need not neces- en's and young women's groups of sarily be followed closely, yet in al- that church. The printed program most every place it would seem to be was followed and "interesting com- the best basic guide and to give to ments were made by several members the meeting that sense of fellowship on national life, church life and in- with other Christian young people that ternational life. The prayers seemed is a most helpful part of the observ- to reach into all parts of the world." ance. A processional and recessional It is not necessary then, for 'a begin- have been found to be lovely and wor- ning to have a number of groups meet shipful parts of the meeting, and

more effective where candles are used dian Work and Mig~ant Work) and in a darkened church. the offering was taken by the girls who were in costume. During a season In McKeesport, Pa., where there of prayer several girls offered prayers, was a service from 9: 30 a. m. to 4 thanking God for what had been acp. m. and one from 7 to 8 p. m., "the complished, confessing shortcomings, latter was carried out entirely by asking for guidance to do more for young people. Most of the churches the kingdom in the future. A short cooperated and the spirit was fine. dramatization, 'Sorrows of Islam,' The regular program was followed showing the life of Moslem women, with a different young woman in was presented." charge of each part of the program. One of these leaders was a colored The meeting may be held in the girl." afternoon, as was the case in Hunts- ville, Ohio. "The Senior Society had "In one town a young woman went their tea at the church and by the to the chairman of the Committee on time they were ready the girl,s were Arrangements to inquire whether the out of school and arrived in time to young people might have a part in be served. We had invited a class of the observance. While at first she Presbyterian girls and we all enjoyed was not received very enthusiastically, the fellowship of prayer. We had it finally developed that a group of made an outline covering the need of girls from the girls' guild of one of the world the best we could, which the churches in the city had a part in was divided and became a part of each the program and that the speaker of girl's prayer. I am so glad that each the evening was one of the girls who of our girls, most of them high school had seen service in a mission field." girls, can conduct a meeting as well as our senior members can." Margaret L. Burton of the United Presbyterian Church sends the follow- Power ing account: "All the churches of Piqua, Ohio, joined in a union service Let us not become too discouraged on the World Day of Prayer under the over small numbers. Neither should leadership of the City Federation of we be too anxious to have a popular Missionary Societies. A supper was meeting for young people, in the sense served by the women, who invited the that it would be a "rousing" meeting. young women as their guests. A short From the first, let us be frank in program was given at the tables. The planning a service that is prayerful, evening program was in charge of a worshipful and beautiful. Picturcommittee made up of representatives esque ? Yes. But every part contribfrom the young women's societies. uting to the meaning of the whole, The national program was used with and significant. Dramatic, yes, and some changes so that it would not be challenging through the eye, giving exactly like that of the afternoon. that wider fellowship with those around the world as young people "The members of the Young Wom- unite in prayer and thought and gifts en's Missionary Societies marched in that the kingdom may come. together,' singing 'All Hail the Power of Jesus' Name,' led by girls dre.ssed MURIEL DAY. to represent the four phases of missionary work sponsored by the Fed- CANADIAN WOMEN AND eration and Council, namely, a Chinese, Turkish, American Indian and PROHIBITION migrant woman, and the girJ.s who were the Moslem women in the By MRS. R. G. DINGMAN pageant. What is the attitude of Canadian "To explain the object of the offer- women to Prohibition? The question ing, two talks were given (on Union is probably asked because of the wide- Colleges and Christian Literature, In- spread report that, in most of Canada, a new system of "Government Con-

trol" has superseded Prohibition. The illicit sales through the continually answer here offered with conviction degrading bootlegging.

of accuracy i,s: The following table shows that 1. That Canada never had national "Government Control" is not an ade- prohibition in the meaning of the quate name for the various provincial term used in the United States; that systems of liquor sales, and that pri- the laws which "Government Control" vate gain is a tremendous factor in superceded were provincial laws pro- the Canadian Liquor Traffic inasmuch hibiting only the sale of liquor, the as only 575 of the 5,135 liquor estab- manufacture of liquor having been lishments are owned and operated by prohibited only by a war emergency , governments: B.C. Alta. Sask. Man. Onto Que. N.B. Total Distilleries ……… 4 2 9 9 1 25 Wineries ……… . Breweries …. . . . . . 12 52 52 6 8 8 39 9 2 84 Government Stores.. 75 33 29 122 104 37 400' Brewers' Agencies ., 24 9 105 138 B~r Salons …….• 267 376 Beer Shops ……. . 217 620 1,480 175* 1,654 1,829 Clubs …………. 68 47 34 148 297 Hotel and Restaurant 708 708 (Wine and Beer) Other selling agencies 17 17 88 122 Total…….. 426 503 212 287 327 3,340 40 5,135 ·Operated by government.

Dominion·order-in-Council which was Various churches and social organin force for twenty-one months and izations have made recent pronouncerescinded in 1919; ments on the liquor situation. These receive less publicity than does the 2. That change to the present sys- propaganda of the liquor trade, but tem, whereby provincial governments this influence is contributing to new act as selling agents for the products endeavor for prohibitory legislation. of privately owned breweries and distilleries, is resulting in increased sale The following resolution was passed and consumption of alcoholic bever- in June, 1930, by the only national ages in every province in which "Gov- organization of women in the United ernment Oontrol" pertains, increased Church of Canada: convictions for indictable offences and for driving motor vehicles while WHEREAS, We recognize that the liquor drunk, increased profits for manufac- traffic is one of the great evils of the turers of liquor, market value of the land and the promised betterment of common stocks of the more important conditions under Government Control in companies showing inordinate gaiThs whichever province it pertains has been following the adoption of "Govern- most disappointing, we, the members of ment Control"; the Dominion Board of The Woman's Missionary Society, do place ourselves on 3. That the Christian women of record as favoring a policy of.total pro- Canada are increasingly favorable to hibition of the liquor traffic and with prohibition and disturbed by the pres- renewed earnestness we give ourselves ent situation, many because of per- to the task of bringing about true temsonal experiences of trouble, accidents, perance sentiment. We would protest and disasters caused by drinking, many against the liquor traffic being used by because they feel the financial effects any political party as an issue in an of the diversion of money from useful election and would recommend that this business – $192,619,632 having been matter be decided by a referendum of spent in Canada in 1929 for legally the people. sold liquor, this figure not including We desire also to express to the Fed- eral Government our cordial gratitude that with such decisive unanimity it has taken steps to clearance for export liquor, and at the same time to promote

1930J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

international good will by cooperating 1930, passed the following resolution: with the authorities in the American Republic in the enforcement of their 1. Resolved, That as an Association prohibition laws. we view with alarm the increasing use of alcoholic liquors as a beverage, as evi- The last annual meeting of the denced by the report of the Liquor Con- Council of The Women's Missionary trol Board, the convictions in our courts Society of the Presbyterian Church, for drunkenness and crimes that are Western Division, reaffirmed its stand traceable to the use of intoxicant~, by on prohibition. The National Wom- the overcrowded condition of jails and en's Missionary Committee of the places of detention; that we consider Churches of Christ (Disciples) re- the system of so-called Government Concently endorsed the following resolu-' trol, vicious in principle and ineffective tion, passed by the Ontario Board of in the lessening of the evils of the traffic the same Society: in intoxicants.

WHEREAS, The Churches of Christ 2. Resolved, That we express our (Disciples) have always stood for the gratification at the action of the Federal abolition of strong drink, and Authorities in passing a law that pro- hibits the customs clearance of ship- WHEREAS, The liquor interests have ments of liquor to countries where the gained such power in many of the prov- selling of such is prohibited by the laws inces in Canada that the moral and of such country. Be it further physical welfare of the youth of our land is being. endangered and the peace 3. Resolved, That we urge the memof our homes violated, and bers of our churches to give their whole- hearted generous support to those tem- WHEREAS, It is well known that the perance organizations that are seeking sale and use of intoxicating liquors is to promote the cause of sobriety by the the greatest known hindrance to the es- means of education and legislation, and tablishment of the Kingdom of God on to abstain from the sale or use of alcoearth; therefore, be it holic beverages.

Resolved, That for the protection of Many other regional, provincial and our youth, this Board of the Ontario local church meetings have made sim- Women's Missionary Society shall take ilar pronouncements. Canadian church some measures to promote instruction in women repudiate so-called "Governthe dangers and evils in the use of ment Control" and have faith that inalcohol and the benefits to be derived telligent public opinion will not tolfrom total abstinence. erate very much longer a system of government cooperation with such an The Ontario Association of Baptist admitted evil as the liquor business. Churches meeting in Toronto in June, HOW GOVERNMENT SALE OF LIQUOR IN CANADA WORKS From the Dominion Bureau of Statistics Apparent _4-ppnrrnt Appflrpnt "cI'Gl'nialjr: of OO1/lwmpHol1 oj C()n~umption of D('uthR Du~ to CO'IMumptirm of Malt (Gal.) Wine (Gul.) . Alcoholism Spirits (Gal.) 35,436,690 1,112,260 .17 of one per cent 1923 ………. 1,734,779 40,817,435 1,454,287 .18 of one per cent 1924 ……………….. 1,757,972 45,185,725 1,844,246 .19 of one per cent 48.764.596 2,101,718 .22 of one per cent ………. 1925 1,599,654 47,656,217 3,574,102 .25 of one per cent 1,611,711 54,825,579 3,830,254 .32 of one per cent 1926 61,868,349 5,450,642 1927 ………. 1,836,970 ……………. 1928 2,777,067 1929 ……… . 3,130,119 Convictions for Violations of Laws For Violn.t1t1(f For Dri1'ing 7'otrr7 ,….'nmm(lr,ll Con ,.;(',t1on.~ for Liquor Lows ll'hile nrl.tnl.~ (lon1 1i r i i n n s nntnkf'l1l1CS."1 1923 10,088 353 137,49~ 1924 …………. 10,449 529 25,565 1925 …………. 11,636 609 142,999 27,338 ……… … … … … … … … … …. 13,512 724 151.R25 26,751 1926 12,4 77 953 169,913 28,317 1927 ,. 15,263 1,322 193,240 31,171 245,763 33,224 1928 –Canadian Government Bnlletin.

ORLD-WlDf

GENERAL This statement, though confessedly An Anglican Bishop on Reunion unofficial, will perhaps soften the ONE act of last summer's Lambeth judgment of non-conformist critics Conference in which all the bish- who have hitherto looked upon the ops of the Anglican Order met in the Lambeth pronouncements as an indefipalace of the Archbishop of Canter- nite postponement of the day of union. bury in London, has an interest tran- –Christian Advocate.

scending any single church. That is the approval of the scheme for Church Siberian Nomads I Union in South India, which, if con- N NORTHERNMOST Siberia live 5,000 nomads more isolated than summated, will unite in that territory the Anglican Church, the Wesleyan any other human group. Into their Methodist Church, and the South India ice-bound territory Soviet Russia has United Church in which Presbyterians sent an imposing delegation of scien- and Congregationalists have already tists, geologists, and teachers, with come together. This comprehensive orders to begin the process of civiliza- union now takes on a wider sig-nifi- tion. As a start, the natives will be cance because it was evidently viewed taught how better to fish, to farm, and at Lambeth as "suggesting lines on to conserve their food.-Christian which further advance toward agree- Hemld.

ment on questions of order" might be made. Successful Sumu1.e~· Conferences One English bishop, Doctor Woods, MORE than seven thousand young of Croydon, has declared his convic- people, plus five hundred Christion on the subject of reunion as fol- tian leaders, gathered in seventy-one lows: Presbyterian Young People's Summer It is, I am perslladed. true to say that Conferences thr'Oughout the United the Il'reat majority of the Bishops of the States this summer. What are the re- Anglican Communion do intensely desire sults? What d'O they reveal? reunion; and not for a moment reunion by absorption. but that kind of cominl!' First, as a result of c'Onference extogether which will conserve and use all periences, young people are dedicating the particular contributions which each their lives to Christian service. A now separated part keeps in trust for second result is preparation for Christhe whole which is to be. And I dare to tian living. A third result, and perhope that many mp.mbers of the Free haps the one most often reported is ChurCbes will still find in the doings of increased willingness to help in the the 1930 Lambeth Conference favorable program of the local church and greatst~.rting' points for fresh discllssions er efficiency in carrying out the work with us An",]icans, and ev~n. it may be, undertaken. The young people return after a. while. fOl' considered negoti,,- from the c'Onferences eager to share tions. MeRntime. let the brotherly work the work not only of their own 01'- 2'0 fl)l'wal'd of trying" to understll'nd one gallizations but other activities in the "pother. to lealon from one another, t.o church in which young people may 1abo1' t.o!l'et.hel' and to pray tog-ether. If have a part. the livil12' Christ Himsplf is. in these momentous t;mes. p"enarin'" "nd n1annil11! These are some of the most evident " newer. I"r~er. better "Ch"rch" to do results 'Of the summer conference pro- Hi~ wo"k. let us who call HiM Lord i'l gram. Often a delegate, when asked p.ach of On1' Communions. at. least ReeK to <pet re"dy for this I!.'reater thing which will surely one day come to pass.

858

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

what part of the conference has meant possible. Half of these children are most to him, will answer, "I can't ex- not recelvmg Christian education press it, it's the spirit of the confer- through any other agency. ence." So there are results which cannot be expressed, the conference World Alliance Discusses Russia spirit at work in the lives of the young people.-Presbyterian Magazine. THE Management Committee of thr~ World Alliance for Promoting In- Mission PersoDnel ternational Friendship Through the Churches, met at Murren, Switzer- WHILE the number of new mis- land, in September, and included rep- • sionaries ,sailing in 1929 was a resentatives of the national councils 24% increase 'over that for 1928, and of the Alliance in the United States, 48% over the number for 1927-a Australia, Austria, Belgium, Great trend in the right direction-this gain Britain, Bulgaria, Canada, China, does not offset the yearly loss due to Czechoslovakia, Danzig, Denmark, Es- retirement, ill health or death. It is thonia, Finland, France, Germany, estimated that the mission boards .of Greece, Holland, Hungary, Italy, Lett- North America need to send out ap- land, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Porproximately 1,000 new missionaries tugal, Roumania, Spain, Sweden, annually to maintain the present Switzerland. It was certainly no small staffs. achievement to get together so wide a representation. Thirty pel' cent of the number sailing in 1929 are men, 18~~ are mar- The discussions and resolutions ried women and 52S'~ are single dealt wit!). matters of far-reaching imwomen. Sixteen per cent completed portance, but the greatest value of the seminary training, 10~; were physi- meetings lies in bringing togethe" cians and surgeons, and 9;'; nurses. men of "all nations, kindreds, and Nineteen per cen't are going out from tongues," for continued friendly in- Bible or Misionary Training Schools, tercourse and discussion. some of these are also college or university graduates, and 46,/; have had At one of the most valuable sessions college or university training plus Professor Arseniew, a Russian Orthosome experience. Only 7<,; went to dox refugee. gave a moving statement the field under a short-term appoint- of the religious persecution in Rus,sia. ment. It is interesting to note that While in theory freedom of worship the average age of these new mission- is allowed, freedom of propaganda is aries is a little over twenty-eight forbidden and severely punished. On years-actually four-tenths of a year this ground all meetings for the inolder than those sailing in 1928, re- struction of the youn~. all medical aid vealing that the Boards, for the most given by the church, the possession of part, are accepting those with more any religious books except those for training and experience. – Student use in the church services are forbid- Volunteer Bulletin. den. For instance. two priests are serving sentences in Siberia for ad- Establish Foreign Bible Schools vising llTOUpS of young oeople to pre- serve their chll.stity. Churrhes. too, T HE International Association of have been closed in all directions. over Daily Vacation Bible Schools re- 1.500 in .Tanuary anrl February last. ports that jn 1929 it expended $3. – In the early veal'S of t.he Soviet regime 095.46 to plaut. sl:hools throughout OWl' 8.()OO hishops and priests wel'P Brazil, Burma, Czechoslovakia, Gl'ee:.:e, "lit to death. lllal1Y were killed from Ecuador, Egypt and the Sudan. Japan, 192!l-U);~(). The fivp-day week is ex- Korea, Mrxico, Philippine Islands, ('eedinQ'lv hard Oil ChriRti'ln workers, Syria and Palestine. About 1,000 va- who wish to be at the Divine Mvstercati'on Bible schools with an enroll- ies on the Lord's Day. The rights of ment of over 60,000 were thus made citizenship, which include food cards,

are denied not only to priests but to America, formed themselves into a lay members of church councils. The Convention or Local Board, composed campaign of protest inaugurated by largely of native pastors and laymen, the Archibishop of Canterbury and in order to bring about self-support the Pope has given comfort and cour- and self-government in the work. As age to the persecuted and has conti'a- a result, they have become responsible dieted the claims of Bolshevism that for an annual 10 per cent reduction in religion is dead in the rest of Europe. the English allowances, the support • The committee expressed its sym- of some of the national workers, and pathy with all persons suffering for for the maintenance of certain por- their faith in Russia and asked the tions of the work, including the pro- National Councils of the Alliance. to vision 'of traveling expenses for evan- avail themselves of all opportunities gelistic purposes. And-last but not by speech and written word and other least-every church has agreed to give peaceful influences, to arouse the gen- 60 per cent of its income to the spread eral opinion of their nations so as to of the Gospel among its own people. counteract the religious persecutions "If you could see their 'homes and carried on in Russia.-Living Church. surroundings you would stand in awe and wonder," writes one of the mis- LATIN AMERICA sionaries. "We must help them in this great forward movement, for it Education in Mexico is the Lord's doing and marvelous in our eyes."-Christian (London). MEXICO is spending thirty-two million dollars a year for schools Revolution in Argentina. as a part of a nation-wide campaign to reduce illiteracy. Twenty million MORE swiftly than could have been dollars comes from the Federal Gov- foreseen, the revolutionary por- ernment and the rest from the sepa- tents in the Argentine republic de- rate states. The ·state legislatures are veloped into open revolt. With hardly urged to use forty per cent of their any show of resistance, the federal budgets as the minimum for educa- government in Buenos Aires collapsed. tion. Many of the states leave most President Irigoyen, who two years ago of the burden of education to the cen- was swept back into office for a second tral government. The minister of term with the largest popular vote in education, Saenz, says: "An e·special Argentinian history, has been de- effort will be made to strengthen the posed. His associates have been swept secondary schools near the border to from office with him. A revolutionary prevent children from having to go to junta, composed of military hnd naval the United States for their education." officers, is in control. The officers It has been common in EI Paso and who have seized power protest their other border cities for Mexican chil- intention of speedily making way in dren to cross the line for the privilege favor of civilian control, and it may of the American public schools. What- be that the disturbance will pass ever may be the economic effects of quickly. Argentina has been hard hit the Mexican immigration into the by the unemployment wave which is United States, the contacts of Mexi- circling the globe. The masses, who cans with our public schools and had put Irigoyen into office, turned church work is affecting materially against him when he proved unable the attitude of the whole Mexican peo- to relieve their distress. And al- ple toward education and organized re- though few Americans know it, the ligion.-Congregationalist. United States must bear a consider- able portion of the responsibility for Self-support in Argentina. Argentina's present troubles. The em- bargo against the admission of Ar- MORE than five years ago the gentine cattle into this C'ountry, os- churches in Argentina connected with the Evangelical Union of South

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tensibly for hygienic reasons but value, notably ~ocoa, coffee, pineapple, actually in order to protect American citrus fruit, henequin, honey, and wax. cattle growers against the competition Cuba boasts also valuable iron, copper, of the lower cost South American and manganese mines, and considerherds, has had a disastrous effect on able quantities of ores are shipped for business in the Argentine. Unable to smelting in the United States. The find another market for this basic Ar- climate is warm, though not exactly gentinian industry, President Irigoyen tropical. took a marked anti-American attitude and had recently approved a far- Cuba has made great strides indusreaching commercial treaty with Great trially in recent years. The govern- Britain. But the impatient people of ment has started an ambitious his country were not willing to wait program of highway development. Hafor the economic help that the new vana is a fine modern capital, and one treaty might bring. They revolted. of the busiest ports in the new world. But they still have the American em- In 1927, more than 7,403 vessels enbargo with which to reckon. It is an- tered Cuban ports. Cuba is likewise other example of the way in which a one of the biggest tourists' resorts in domestic policy of a nation as power- the world, with 250,000 visitors anful as the United States can affect the nually.-Oliver McKee, Jr., in The Nawelfare of ,distant states.-Christian tional RepUblic. Century. CHINA Revolution in Peru Chinese Family "Rich" With $100 a Year FOR eleven years Peru has been dic- THE average prosperous Chinese tatorially governed by Augusto farmer living in the villages Leguia. The country under his long around Shanghai supports a family dictation has grown restless, until a of six and a fraction members for apfew weeks ago, the army, led by Lt.- proximately $100 a year, in American Col. Luis M. Sanchez Cerro, arose en money, or $360 in Chinese currency. masse, ousted the Leguia regime and The annual living expenses of this established a military dictatorship in class of persons average $57.90 a year its stead. The revolution was prac- in Chinese money, about $16 in Amertically bl'Oodless, and appears to have ican money. received the enthusiastic support of the vast majority of the people. Colo- These astonishing facts are renel Cerro has now become president, vealed in a report made public by the with the promise to reduce taxation, Bureau for Social Affairs, which has restore democratic institutions and just c'Ompleted a survey of landowners, develop Peru's prestige abroad.- part owners of farms and tenant far- Christian Her.ald. mers in what is considered the most prosperous part of China.

Cuba The survey reveals that in this area the size of the average farm is one- CUBA is the largest of the West In- fifth of an EngHsh acre. Thirty-five dies islands, with an area of about per cent of the farmers own their land, 44,164 miles, which makes it approxi- 33.6 are part owners, 31.4 tenants. mately the size of Pennsylvania. It is one of the most densely popUlated A surprisingly high percentage of of the American republics, with about literacy is shown by the report, the seventy-three people per square mile. general average being 23.7 per cent. The republic is famous among other things for the excellence of its tobacco Farm owners are the most literate and sugar, which are the most impor- class, 33 per cent 'Of them being able tant articles of export. Cuba, however, to read and write a little; for part has other agricultural products of owners the percentage runs to 25, while for tenants only 13 per cent.

China'. Woe Christianity Despite Reds and Ban- F OR fifteen years the industrious dits and patient people of that ancient land have suffered to an unbelievable AN EPIC of Christian loyalty and degree. There haR been almoRt unend- ft heroi;:m is being written these ing fighting back and forth across the fields of the farmers, their crops have days in China. One notable chapter been destroyed, and they themselves of that epic will unquestionably conoften impressed in an unwilling mili- cern the work of Bishop Logan H. tary service. Ruthless taxation, stead- Roots in the Central China city of ily depreciating currency, waning Hankow. News from that Commubusiness and declining trade, drought, nist-threatened place records that on flood, pestilence, and earthquake- Ascension Day, two Chinese deacons wave after wave of calamity has swept were ordained to the priesthood. over the peaceful, plodding Chinese Both candidates, says the report, anfarmer and laborer until he has been swered the questions clearly and one reduced to absolute desperation. Mil- felt that in these times they were both lions in certain provinces have actual- offering themselves anew to serve ly starved to death within the past ten their Master in dangerous places facyears, millions of others are even now ing possible martyrdom. Following trying to exist' on the roots and bark the ordination services the two young of trees, millions of others, slightly Chinese preachers made their way better off, have, neverthele·ss, been again into the interior to their preachundernourished for years. They see nothing ahead but the direst struggle ing posts. for existence. During May and June, twenty-nine Then to these millions of oppre,ssed men and twenty-nine women were conand depressed farmers and laborers, firmed by Protestant Episcopal bishops some of whom have already turned in the Hankow area.-Christian He1– bandit, come men, perhaps educated men, who say, "The government offi- ald. cia].s have robbed you, the landlords have cheated you, the gentry and rich A'"T"alling Fallline in Hunan merchants have exploited you! Go, kill them off, and take what they have THE China Famine Relief, N eV'l stolen from you! Set up a govern- York, September 23d, received the ment of farmers and workers, and following cable from its representaforward world revolution!" Does it tives in China: sellm a strange thing under existing conditions in China that these propa- CIVIL DISORDER HAS CAUSED gandists should find a ready hearing APPALLING CONDITIONS IN HOamong the many simple folk who are NAN INVOLVING FIFTY COUNground under a pitiless poverty? TIES WITH ONE AND ONE-THIRD MILLION PEOPLE. IF THE PRES- Dr. Sun and other Chinese leaders ENT MILITARY REVISION REhave ·said that Communism would SULTS IN STABILIZING THAT never succeed in China, that it is not AREA AS WE THINK PROBABLE, suited to the national temper and tra- LARGER RELIEF UNDERTAKINGS ditional social organization. However WILL BE NECESSARY. BUT REthat may be, one sometimes fears to- LIEF WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE WITHday that the wish is father to the OUT CONSIDERABLE FUNDS AND thought, for Communism is actually ADVANCE NOTICE. AVAILABLE spreading like a prairie fire in the land FUNDS ARE ONE-TENTH OF of Han.-Rev. Edmund L. Souder, WHAT IS NECESSARY FOR THE Hankow, in The Living Church. NEED IN SHENSI.

-Baker-Djang.

A Missionary Enthusiast I N CHINA there are to be seen on its rivers or in its villages cer- tain Chinese evangelists, moving in groups. They are known as the "Clark bands," and the training and support of them have been made pos- sible through the generosity of Mr.

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Sidney Clark, who died in August One day I took an hour to inspect after a long iIlne,ss. Sidney Clark was some of the shops, most of which were an unusually successful man of busi- filled with native products, but hunness, who brought the same insight dreds of them were well stocked with and vigor into hi,s service of missions foreign goods. . . . The world Reem~ which he had shown in his business. to be a neighborhood, and others be- He gave most generously to the L. M. sides missionaries seem to be interfer- S. and to the "World Dominion" ac- ing with old customs and life in China. tivities. But his service was not -James H. Franklin in The Watchlimited in giving his wealth; he trav- man Examiner. eled widely and saw mission fields for himself. He had strong convictions JAPAN-KOREA upon the right methods to be followed in missionary work. The fostering of A New Venture in Mission Journalan indigenous church was a passion with him, and he had also a great con- "Tism cern for survey, for the more scien- HE Kingdom of God Weekly." tific and economical use of missionary This is the name of a wellforces in the field. printed illustrated family newspaper that made its appearance the first of A Notable Ohinese City the year and has been continually growing in influence since then. Each THE city of Chengtu, with an esti- number contains in addition to a mated population of 600,000, is weekly sermon, a serial by Toyohiko surrounded by a great stone wall per- Kagawa, articles on Christian art and haps ten miles long whose gates are nature study, and an attractive page closed at night just as in the old days, for children. This weekly has at In two hours and twenty minutes from present a circulation of over 20,000, Yachow by bus we had covered the and se]).s in quantities at one sen a distance usually traveled in two days copy. It is largely used by workers by chair. It was evident that here in the KingdoIll of God campaign, in the far West we had found a great some Christian schools subscribing city. Within the last seven or eight for as many as 300 to 500 copies.- years every street has been paved, and The Christian Century. there are miles of wide thoroughfares, bordered by modern ,shops selling the Interview 'With Rev. Akira Ebi8awa, wares of the world besides China's silks, rice and other products. Elec- Secretary of the National Christric lights as well as petroleum lamps are in use on the same streets where "Ptian Council of Japan lights are made with reed~fiber wicks LEASE teIl me just how Chrisand vegetable oil in earthen pots. Sev- tianity, in your opinion, is supeeral daily newspapers are published in rior to other Japanese religions?" Chengtu, but reliable news from the outside world is scant. Telegraph "Principally in its dynamic power. lines run in ,several directions. The Buddhism wants you to sink away into military headquarters operate radio nothing. Shintoism is a dead ritual. stations both for receiving and send- Confucianism is a system of ethics ing messages. And now an ice fac- without any religious basis. Christory is at work. All this in a city tianity helps you to make the most ·of 1,650 miles from the ,sea-coast-more your life. Its phHosophy makes huthan a thousand miles from the near- man life worth something. It gives est railway-SOO miles from steamship an adequate motive for progress. service except in summer when motor Other religions have no one like launches come within 120 miles of the Christ." capital. "As head of the National Christian Council of Japan, do you see much hope for closer Christian harmony be- tween churches?"

"We are much enc'Ouraged. Ten de- faur teachers who had given twentynominations – the Congregationalist, five years or more of service in that Methodist, Reformed, Presbyterian, institution. One of the most hon'Ored L u the ran, Protestant Episcopal, was Mary Florence Denton, f'Or f'Orty United Brethren, Christian, Disciples, years under the American Board, who and Baptist-have agreed upon an in- in 1928 retired on the field. "A naformal basis for union, but we must tional treasure among educationalists wait for annual meetings to confirm of Kyoto," is how President Gintaro the actions taken by leaders. Our lay- Daikuhara of the Doshisha charactermen in general are in favor of the ized Miss Denton, and he added that union, but ministers are afraid 'Of un- as president of the Dashisha and a emplayment and the lass of denomina- citizen 'Of Japan he wished to express tional heritages and convictions. Our "heartfelt appreciation to the people study of the Canadian experiment of America who sent a great missianteaches us, however, that neither .of ary like Miss Denton to Japan." "I these fears is justified. Expanding wish," said Mr. Castle, "that there wark and specialization will absorb were more missianaries like Miss Denministers, and denominational empha- ton."-Missionary Herald. sis on certain beliefs may be preserved within the united churches." A Great Benefactor "What hope is there for a rapid VISCOUNT SAITO, Governor-Genspread of Christianity in Japan in the eral of Seoul, Korea, gave a farenear future?" well dinner to Dr. and Mrs. Horatio B. Newell, veteran missionaries now "We cannot hape for a mass move- in America to retire with 43 years of ment such as we have seen in India service t'O their credit. "The Rev. Dr. and China in certain periads. Our Newell," said the Seoul Press in repeaple do nat respand quickly to emo- porting the dinner, "is a great benetional appeals. University prestige factor to the Christian work of the and national traditians suppart the Empire…. He has devoted the best other religions, giving them respect- part of his life to the propagation of able standing. But when a Japane·se the Gaspel in Japan and Chosen; he is converted, he usually stands true has been in our midst 45 years and is regardless of cast. We have no 'rice laoked up to by all. We take this oc- Christians' amang our 250,000 fol- casion to express our deep gratitude lawers of Jesus. and great respect for Dr. Newell for his long devated service on behalf of "Just the same, the outlook for the the spiritual work here."-Missionary immediate future is bright. The gov- Herald. ernment has recently taken a very favorable attitude toward Christianity Christian Literature Society of Korea as a means of checking the spread 'Of Bolshevism. Even the public schools T HE Christian Literature Society of are now open to Christian influences. Korea faces the future with more Beginning next January, we are to assurance than ever before in its hiscelebrate the seventieth anniversary tory 'Of farty fruitful years. Two out- 'Of the founding of Japanese Christian standing signs of progress are apparmissions by ,starting a three-year ent. First, there is greater cooperaevangelistic campaign. The time is tion with the native churches. The now ripe for such a movement."- control of the Society is vested in a Carl Knudsen in The Congregational- board composed of representatives seist. lected by the membership, by seven mission boards and by the Presby- Ambassador Honors Miss Denton terian and Methodist native church courts. Today we have six Korean UNITED States Ambassador W. R. trustees and hope soon to elect more. Castle spake in Kyoto, Japan, at a ceremony in the Doshisha honoring

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The Society is the only such organiza- Many times I have felt like Shouting tion in Korea for the production of "Hallelujah!" when after a hard day's an adequate Christian literature, and trek in the bush, by evening time, I it has the full support of all the bodies have sat down before the camp fire, which are members of the Federal the only white man, t'Ogether with Council in Korea. black men and women, and heard the The second sign of progress is the testimony of my schoolboys, and have splendid building which is now being seen souls come out from sin into the erected under the supervision of Mr. wonderful freedom in Christ Jesus.

M. L. Swinehart, of the Southern You people at home, who never Presbyterian Mission. Last year Mr. have had the chance to see dark eyes Swinehart returned from America lighted up with the H'Oly Spirit, have after having raised about $70,000 for missed much. I have seen it many a new building for the Society. times, and it thrills me and buoys me Nothing is more important in mis- up, as nothing else can do.

sion work in Korea than to provide The newest Gospel song travels for the rising generation an adequate faster from village to village in the Christian literature. The books, jungle of Africa than the latest mur- tracts, and periodicals produced by the der case of Chicago travels through Society have been uniformly sound the States.-Rev. John E. Brastrup in and. evangelical. Thus far Korea has The Christian Advocate.

been spared the evils of strife and controversy among Christian leaders. Open Doors in Nigeria.

A With the training of tens of thousands MONG the many open doors for the Gospel in the Niger, West Africa, of students in both mission and g'OVernment schools it is the more impera- one is at Enugu Ezeke, the most tive that the new problems created northerly town in Southern Nigeria, thereby be anticipated and solved as and containing more than 40,000 in- far as possible. To this end the habitants. Yet there is no church printed page is indispensable.-W. M. within many miles. The chief has ap- Clark in The Presbyterian Sllrvey. pealed for a teacher and has under- AFRICA taken to begin building a church and An African l![issionary Speaks school at once. One 'Of the senior I FOUND some of God's good people teachers in the district is to be sent with splendid black -skin and stl'ong to ()pen up work there. Rev. H. H.

Daws, of the C. M: S., has made an sound bodies sitting down in filthy, extensive tour of this region and dirty small huts far away from civi- visited Makurdi, where the longest lization in the heart of Africa. bridge in Africa is in Course of erec- I gave them soap to shine them up tion, and held a service for Europeans -I gave them medicine to kill the -the first of its kind. Thirty-three germs. I coached them to sweep all Europeans attended, and the collec- the dirt away. without and within. I tion, amounting to £4, was put in the threw off my coat and showed them bank as the nucleus of a Makurdi how to make bricks and burn them. European Church Fund.

in order to build strong houses in the place of the small dirty huts in which Abyssinia A they used to live. I taught them to UNIQUE coronation has just taken place in the country now make straight paths, so they came to laugh at all the crooked paths they universally known through the Postal had made before. Union as Ethiopia. Ras Tafari, who What fun I have had in all the years has for years acted as Regent while I have spent in Africa, helping to the country has had a nominal Em- build for the black man a worth-while press, has been crowned king of all world! 5 the kings of Ethiopia. All the great

nations of the world sent representa- We all have been impressed afresh tives to be present at the coronation. with the wisdom of the decision to Ethiopia claims to be an uncon- continue the closely cooperative rela- querEd kingdom. It is the only nation tionship in Angola between the United in Africa, save Liberia, that has not Church of Canada and American Board.

been brought under white dominion. The Angola field now occupied by This kingdom succeHsfully resisted the the joint mission covers some 75,000 onslaughts of Mohammed and the square miles. There are seven sta- armies that followed beneath his flag. tions and one more has been decided While they conquered Egypt and all upon. This field with its population North Africa, and for a time threat- of about 2,500,000 blacks is mainly a ened to overrun the whole of Europe, high plateau 6,000 feet above sea level, Abyssinia in its impregnable fast- a relatively healthy country. It re- nesses held out against the invaders mind~ one of the Colorado and New and held fast its Christian tradi- Mexico country.

tions. These people, racially, are The Jubilee was held at Bailundo, different from all the other races of the first station occupied by the Mis- Africa; and while there has been an sion fifty years ago. The carefully intermingling on the borders of their wrought program of the Jubilee pro- kingdom, there seems to be a pure vided for ten crowded days. These in- stock in the Amharic race, which has cluded a historical pageant in »ine kept free from' intermingling with the episodes and twenty scenes; a series negroid peoples. of six conferences, two memorable ses- As Haila Salasi takes up the reins sions given over to memories of ear- of government, he should have not lier days, the rendition of the cantata only the well wishes of all the other of Esther by a chorus of 540; and a nations but, especially, the prayers of summary of the work of each station all Christians. He stands as a Chris- and of the work in Angola by chosen tian ruler, the political head of the representatives.

Coptic Church, which is the State The great throng of 12,000 or more Church of that land. He comes with made a colorful and impressive audi- much enlightenment and with wisdom, ence, intent, quickly responsive, sing- gleaned during his occupancy of the ing with enthusiasm, easily controlled, .second place in the kingdom, in the To see it disperse, streaming up the governing of the many tribes within hill after a meeting, was a never-fail- his domain. If he can be given a 'free ing attraction. To see it in a vast hand, his whole influence will be for unity was thrilling. Its size, orderli- the enlightenment of his people and ness and unity impressed aIl~visitors, the advance of civilization throughout Portuguese residents, miSSIOnaries the whole country.~R. V. Bingham in and natives alike. If the Jubilee had The Evangelica./. Chri.9tian. been planned to show Christianity's The Angola Jubilee strength in Angola, its purpose would adequately have been achieved. No THE .small group from the United one single event was more impressive States which made the long voyage than the great Sunday morning comto Angola in order to be present at munion service conducted by the rethe fiftieth anniversary of the found- cently ordained pastors in this opening of the West Central Africa Mis- air sanctuary.~Frank Knight Sanders sion to the Ovimbundu people returns in The Missiorwry Herald. with impression.s both numerous and varied. Its members certainly realize, NORTH AMERICA as never before, what it costs in blood Missionary Wild Geese J and tears, in patience, prayer and ACK MINER, in Ontario, Canada, learned to make friends of the wild pluck to found and carryon a real mission enterprise. geese which flew over his home, and

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began putting metal tags on their legs, The famous organization of Bible in order to know them when they re- worn e n w h i c h conducts classes turned. It then occurred to him that throughout the metropolitan area in- he could make them his messengers . cluding organized classes for high by stamping a Bible text on every tag. school and business girls, extension So every spring Mr. Miner catches work with boys and shop men, prac- hundreds of wild geese, and every one tical student work in homes, hospitals carries away a verse of Scripture on and jails are high points in a varied its little metal band. Many a lonely evangelistic program.

hunter or trapper who has shot a goose The Bible Institute in China at for his dinner must find the Bible Changsha, Hunan Province, is sup- message, for the geese fly into far re- ported by the Los Angeles Institute.

gions, where there are neither As this article is being written the churches nor preachers. main buildings at Changsha are oc- Los Angeles Bible Institute cupied by the Communists. In the recent sacking of that city Dr. Frank THE Bible Institute of Los Angeles Keller, Superintendent, has reported celebrates its twenty-fifth anni- that none of the Institute's personnel versary this fall. It was founded by was harmed-only the buildings occu- Lyman Stewart, founder of the Union pied. He confidently expects the Oil Company of California, in con- Communists to be driven out so that junction with'Dr. T. C. Horton, and the Institute may resume its activities represents an outgrowth of the Fish- this falL-G. L. Ferris, Director.

ermen's Club, a Bible class organized Youth Challenge to the Church in Immanuel Presbyterian Church of Los Angeles. Today its magnificent ACHALLENGE to the whole Church building, representing an investment to lend its support in the enlistof $2,500,000, stands in the very heart ment of 100,000 young men to advance of Los Angeles' great business dis- the cause of Christ was issued as the trict. It stands unique-an embodi- climax of the annual convention of the ment of a spiritual ideal, the mate- Junior Brotherhood 'of St. Andrew of rialized dream of a man who had the United States, at Oberlin College, achieved earthly success but knew that August 26 to 29. only the things which are unseen are eternal. The challenge came in the findings of the convention, the approximately There is no country in the world 400 young men in attendance issuing that has not been touched by the bless- such as an indication of their spiritual ing of Biola. It has but one foundation sincerity. They asserted their "confor all its work-the Bible; it knows fidence in the youth of our Church," no distinction of race nor creed, "save and expressed the belief that young Jesus Christ and Him crucified." Its people today generally crave a larger educational method is profoundly spiritual life. practical. Each and every student is required to practice as well as learn. As evidence of our sincerity in these matters, we challenge the whole Epis- Some conception of the variety of copal Church to an active interest in Bible Institute activities is found in and support of a movement to enlist the more than thirty separate under- 100,000 young men in the United States takings in which the executive staff in a new vision of their spiritual opporor the students share. This includes, tunities and responsibilities. We would besides the Bible Collegiate Course, be 100,000 strong for Christ! … other specialized courses, evening school for church leaders, correspond- In conclusion, we reassert our confience courses, Bible conferences, and dence in the youth of our Church; we evangelistic meetings for the churches. voice its craving for a larger spiritual life, and we pledge to the Church our whole-hearted cooperation and interest in the hope that we may be of assistance in bringing the Church to her rightful position in the nation and in the world.

With nearly 400 delegates from SChODl for colored boys and girls in forty-two dioceses of the Church in at- Alabama, and also for student mission- tendance, the session was ,said to be ary work, whereby the services 'Of the the largest outpouring of the young students 'Of bDth seminaries are uti- manhood of the Church in years.- lized. Living Church. As a result of a century's work, the Refonned Church in America Cele- Board today has a little over a million dollars invested in real estate and brates buildings 0 c cup i e d as churches, schDols, parsonages, etc.-Christian 'I"HE Board of Domestic Missions of Intelligencer. the Reformed Church in America is celebrating its first one hundred The Gospel in the Mountains of Vir- years of service in the period begin- , ning with June 1, 1930, and extending ginia to May 31, 1931. As an evidence of appreciation 'On the part of the de- AGREAT work remains to be done nomination, and in 'Order that the am'Ong the mountain people of B'Oard may continue its w'Ork, the Gen- southwestern Virginia. Back there in eral Synod has authorized it to secure the mountains are thousands who are the sum of $100,000 above the usual hungering 'for the Word. Some of contributions from the churches. them have heard a few sermons-just enough to know a little of Christ's To most readers it will be a sur- love for them and to make them hun- prise to learn that out of the 738 sepa- gry to know more. With just this rate, existing churches on the roll of little bit of knowledge 'Of the Master General Synod, 566 have at some time there are some who have such a firm, or other been aided by the B'Oard, fi- true faith and love for Him that it nancially, either at their inception or makes those of us who have had so during some period of stringency. A much more feel very humble. Then plain deduction from this fact is that there are thDse who have never heard if there had been no Board of Domes- 'Of Him, or at least never heard enough tic Missions the Reformed Church in to have Him mean anything to them. America might today be composed of only 172 churches. The figure, 566, The people are farmers and very. does not state the whole number of very poor. It is necessary for them aided churches, 'for there are scores to work very hard in order to obtain of enterprises which the B'Oard has any reward at all 'for their labors, be- aided that have fallen out 'Of the ranks cause they have only the steep hill- because of 'Obstacles of one sort or sides to cultivate and no flat fields. another. All of the people became very much Today the Board is working in six- interested in the school opened for teen states, with outstations in Can- three weeks and every day there were ada, the Virgin Isles and Mexico, and ,some older people there to visit us. is also cooperating in a movement in The children had had very little Bible the Canal Zone. Last year the Board study before we came; it seemed that aided 215 churches in varying sums, they had had none. The older people, supplementing in many cases the small too, knew little about the Bible, but salaries raised on the fields. These some were consecrated Christians. churches reported 19,145 communi- Their prayers were always most sin- cants and 22,860 scholars in the Sun- cere and they always prayed for us in day schools. From these churches a way that made us feel very un- there were added 1,736 new members, worthy 'Of the great trust that had 'Of whom 936 came on confession of been placed upon us. faith. The homes of the mountain people In addition to this church wDrk the are very different in appearance. Board is respDnsible for the Brewton Those alDng the road are small, neat frame houses which are usually

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

painted. Those back from the road- villages for vacation they take to their isolated farther back in the mountains people the songs, Bible stories and les- -are made of logs or plain, unpainted sons which they have learned in the lumber and are small. school. and many of them return at The children of these different kinds the next semester bringing friends of homes, too, are different. Those and relatives. So we feel that the ed- living along the road are more likely dying ripples of our school life are to accept new things and are not so ever widening into greater circles of shy with strangers as those back far- infiuence.-Lottie Stevenson in Wom- ther in the mountains. But all of en and Missions.

the children are real children and are not very different from other children Revivals on Indian Fields T the world over, except that they ma- HE Western Oklahoma Indian As- sociation was held this summer ture earlier.-Helen E. Pfatteicher in near Greenfield in the Arapaho coun- The Lutheran. try. Thirteen were baptized from the School Clubs in Alaska Aarapaho and Cheyenne tribes. Noth- WHEN Miss Edna R. Voss, secre- ing like this in relation to these two tary of the Division of Schools tribes has been noted within recent and Hospitals of the Board of Na- years. The influence of the Mormons tional Missions of the Presbyterian on these Indians is waning, it is re- Church, U. S. A., visited Sheldon ported. Fifty-four baptisms on the Jackson School and learned of the club Crow fields have occurred so far this program, she said, "Why have you year, the largest number that has kept so quiet about it? We have heard characterized a single year since the nothing of what you have been do- work among the Crows began more ing!" The answer to this question than 25 years ago. Ten are still was that there was a need to find out awaiting baptism. The Crow Indian whether such a program would work Ass'ociation was held at "Three Tree before beginning to write about it. Camp," twenty miles from Crow The program has worked, and Miss Agency. John White Man Runs Him, Voss wishes to tell how the plan is the son of the last survivor of the six carried out. scouts who led Custer to the Sioux The entire staff of supervisors and camp on the Little Bighorn, was the classroom teachers in the school, real- moderator.-Watchman Examiner.

izing the need of opportunities for pupils to make choices for themselves INDIA and to learn how to make use of their Missionaries Rejoice in New Indian "WE leisure time, decided that a club pro-Marriage Law gram might help to solve these prob- ARE greatly rejoiced in the lems. passage of the new Marriage At the beginning of the first period Bill for India," reports the Rev. R. F.

there were the following clubs: For Faucett, from Ballia, India. "It has boys, first aid, debating, boy scouts; changed the marriage laws so that for girls, home nursing, felt craft; girls may not marry befOre fourteen for both boys and girls, soap carving, years of age and the boys sixteen painting, school paper, and four dra- years. That is not where it ought to matic clubs. Glee, travel, girl scouts be, but it is higher than it has ever and cooking clubB have been added been before. It has raised the age since. of marriage only one year over what Notwithstanding all the problems it was before for the girl, but it has and difficulties-failures, even-the put a heavy fine and also imprisnn-· school is a happy, busy horne for ten ment for disregard of the law and months in the year for the children that is the great thing. Heretofore gathered there. When they go to their they would marry at any age, but now

there is a fixed limit below which they agricultural occupation, living in the may not go. half million villages of India.

"The fine thing about this is that In the whole of India there are but it was almost entirely the efforts of thirty-three towns that have populaenlightened Indians, Hindus and Mo- tions over 100,000. It is in these hammedans. They found great oppo- places that for the most part are sition in their efforts to make this found the educated minority. law from among the reactionaries, but it went over by the help of the women There are over a dozen principal and the progressive Indians, with the languages, to say nothing of more assistance in the last instance of the than two hundred vernacular langovernment. When the vote came it guages, and in many cases these verwon with a great majority. naculars belong to different families of speech and are entirely incompre· "This is one of the by-products of hensible to people living in different the work of missions in India. It is parts of the country. As far as Enga direct bit of legislation following lish is concerned, not more than sixthe Mother India by Miss Mayo, which teen males and two females in every stirred the people so much at the time. thousand understand it. It also made England change her law of the age of marriage to sixteen To this confusion 'Of tongues and years for the girl, by recent legisla- immensity of areas and population tion. must be added a diversity of races and religions, a diversity which leads "Not that they were having many unhappily to constant tension amI cases of marriage at that age, but it sDmetimes to violent antagonisms.- was the law that they might marry at Sir John Simon, Interdew in The New fourteen years of age up to the first York Times. of the year. "None Who Did Not Hear About "There was quite an effort on the part of some Indians to get the age Jesus" raised to eighteen years for the girl, but that would have been quite im- THE Christians of India have possible at this time. It will come in adopted the mela idea and are holdtime, as the people now feel that their ing in various parts of the country early marriages are one reason for great yearly assemblies for praise, their lack of progressiveness as a na- prayer, fellowship and spiritual retion. The things that came out in the newing. Writing of one such assemopposition fully justified the startling bly, called a Christian Jattra, a corstatements of Miss Mayo." – The respondent of the Indian Witness tells Christian Advocate. 'Of a gathering of more than 1,500 persons which lasted three days. Non- Complications of the India. Problem Christians were invited. Witnessing for Christ was the leading feature of T HERE is in some quarters a strong the gathering. The news of the temptation to pronounce opinions Jattra was widespread and there was on the future of Indian government none who did not hear abDut Jesus. on v,ery general grounds, without suf- If they fDrget all about the Jattra proficiently considering what the problem cedure at least they can remember two really is and what the difficulties are words, "Jesus-Saviour." The motto to be overcome. 'Of the Jattra is, "That we might by all means save ,some."-Missionary Link. We are dealing with a densely populated part of the earth of some 1,800,- Money Talks (l00 square miles, twenty times the area of Great Britain, and containing THE Government of India has just a fifth of the population of the whole sanctioned a grant of 152,000 world. The bulk of this population is rupees (over ,$50,000) tD be spent in illiterate and follows its traditional five years upon five boarding schools

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

in the Madura Mission 'Of the Amer- the welfare of the people of India, would ican Board of Commissioners for For- give one-hundredth of the time that miseign Missions. The Department of sionaries give to work for the benefit of Education is one of the divisions of these people, and would give one-tenth of the money which missionaries sacri- fice for the country, then these critics government which have been commit- would have some claim to speak and be ted into Indian hands. The grant, listened to with respect. All this does therefore, comes with the assent and not mean that missionaries or missions approval of Indian officIals. This sum are above criticism. It simply means is to match a similar amount that has that I have the greatest admiration for been raised in recent years from the devotion, the earnestness, and the American friends of the Mission, and intelligence of the missionaries in India. means that at each of these five cen- -Missionary Voice.

ters of work where selected boys and WESTERN ASIA 'fHE girls of promise from all the mission Protestanta in Egypt area are gathered for training, there Church in Egypt grows apace. will now be provided cottages for the There are now 20,200 communigirls, new dormitories fQr the boys, cants in the churches between Alexsick rQoms, manual training sheds and andria and the Sobat River in Sudan, kitchens, besides new schoQlhQuses; and a Protestant community of from that is, each will be furnished with . 50,000-60,000. There are 451 centers adequate and well equipped schQQ! of preaching-some of these being lo- plants. cated in private homes. Ordained min- The securing 'Of this large grant ister~ rtumber 117. In Cairo ten con- without qualification, after study of gregations have their own pastors, the plans, is particularly gratifying, and five are entirely self-supporting. as it evidences the government's con- There are 281 Sunday ,schools with fidence in a.nd appreciation of mission 23,683 pupils.-Congregationalist. schoQls and their work. It is in line with the statements of the Simon Christia.n Literature iD Persia T Commission in its epochal report, as HE report of the Intermission Lit- erature Committee of Persia for tQ the splendid service which missions have rendered to India. That the the year of its activities recently grant shQuld be made in this turbulent ended records considerable progress period indicates that the government in the provision and circulation of regards missionaries and their under- Persian Christian literature. The takings as welcome and prQfitable Committee has issued seventeen pub- forces in the land, and as having a lications during the year under re- growing opPQrtunity. – Missiona1'!J view, five of them being major books Herald. and the rest pamphlets and tracts.

Dr. Butterfield Praises Missionaries After many years of preparation and some three years of press work the D R. KENYON L. BUTTERFIELD largest publication yet attempted has has been in India for some been issued-the illustrated Persian months studying the problems of rural Bible Dictionary. The actual sales of education and preparing recommenda- books and tracts show a rapid intions for the future. He recently crease. The Committee was organized made a comment concerning the cur- in 1925, and the figures for that and rent criticism of missionaries, which succeeding years are as follows: 1925for directness and timeliness can 26, 2,500; 1926-27, 13,200; 1927-28, hardly be surpassed. As quoted by 21,700; 1928-29, 33,400; 1929-30, the review of the National Christian 47,550. Council 'Of India, he said: One of the chief distributors of this If the Europeans and Americans who literature is a Persian convert, Mancriticize the missionaries would give one- soor Sang, known as the "Christian thousandth part of the time which mis- dervish." He is believed still to be on a sionaries give to solid thinking about

tour begun a year ago, and has worked condition. Prominent among the inhis way right across northern Persia stitutions furthering this work is the in his double capacity of itinerant den- Central School for Girls in Bagdad tist and colporteur. This man has which, in addition to instructing traveled from northwest Persia south younger pupils, trains women to beto Kermanshah through Kurdistan, come teachers and to carryon the where he was in danger of death sev- educational work in the future. A eral times. From these he made his report of this school's progress is way through Hamadan to Isfahan, given by Mrs. A. B. Kjelland Kerr, Shiraz, Kerman and Yezd.-Church an American woman who organized Overseas. the normal department of the school, and who is now in this country on Our Veterans in the Near East Ca.m.- leave.

pa.ign The girls' school was organized in 1922, according to Mrs. Kerr, and in AN UNUSUALLY interesting news the first month seven girls ventured dispatch from Istanbul was printed to enroll. At the end of the year recently in the New York Times: forty were in attendance. The train- ing college, which five years ago The old guard of American mission- numbered seven students, now has an aries in Turkey is laying down its work enrollment of 100, and the course exof many years and returning home. Re- tends over a period of three years. tirements this summer in the American Board of Foreign Missions include a EUROPE number of missionaries who have worked in Turkey for almost half a century. Dutch Leader Describes Europea.n Dr. and Mrs. J. P. McNaughton, of Youth Washington, D. C., who came to Turkey in 1887, and since then have directed AT A luncheon given by the Federal missions and schools in different parts Council of Churches, Dr. Visser of Anatolia, are among those retiring. T'Hooft, a student leader of Holland, and secretary of the World Student Others are Miss Anna B. Jones, of Christian Federation, described the Greenville, Ohio, who has been here for present trend among the youth of forty years; Miss Elizabeth Webb, a European countries. woman of seventy, who has taught in Adana for forty-four years and who will Ten years ago the keynote of the now go to Beirut, Syria, to live with her youth movement in Germany and in sevsister, Miss Mary Webb, who also gave eral other European countries was free forty years of her life to mission work self-expressionism, as a protest against and who retired last year; and Miss any form of authority. Today, the Charlotte Willard, of Carleton College, thoughtful youth of Europe are aware Minnesota, who has been with the Amer- that freedom is too negative a thing to ican Mission in Merzifoun since 1897. serve as a commanding goal and they are looking for some positive and au- These veteran missionaries have had thoritative ideal to which they can dediwithin the last few years to readjust cate their lives. Nationalism, on the their mission work .to meet the seculariz- one hand, and Communism, on the other, ing orders of the new Turkish Govern- both get their strength from the absoment, which placed a taboo on religious luteness of the ideal which they set up. instruction in Turkish and foreign The Church can meet such a situation schools. only by holding up an ideal which is still more commanding and better able to All who follow the work of the elicit the loyalties of youth. American Board in Turkey know how successfully this readjustment has Unemp1oym.ent in England been made. The retirement of these veterans is not because of the new GREAT BRITAIN is spending $13 conditions, but in due course after a second, or $46,800 an hour, to notable success in a lifetime of serv- feed, clothe and house the needy memice.-Congregationalist. bers of the country's army of unem- ployed. This figure is based on the Ira.q Girl.' School THE Kingdom of Iraq is making an effort to educate its children and especially to improve their physical

19301 WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

expenditure of more than $400,000,000 land, so that when it has been pub- a year in doles. One-sixth of Eng- . lished, according to law, in each land's 12,000,000 industrial workers church, the date for the assembly can are idle. With winter approaching the be regularly fixed. Meantime, one efforts of Prime Minister J. Ramsey controversial question that seemed MacDonald's labor government to help likely to cause much debating in this the situation apparently so far have assembly has happily been put in the proved ineffective.-Watchman Exam- way of proper solution.

iner. The Roman Church of Poland, it will be remembered, claimed owner- Forced to Auctien Treasures ship of a large number of churches HARD times have hit the Lutheran in the land, and had commenced legal church at Nagyszeben, Transyl- proceedings in the matter. Both vania, Rumania, with such force, ac- parties have now agreed to refer this cording to the Hungarian Lutheran difficult matter to arbitration by con- Press Service, that it has been neces- sent, a commission being appointed sary for the congregation to offer at by the agreement of both parties to auction the historic treasures which hear and determine each case. That have been accumulated throughout the agreement should have been come several centuries. Without the sup- . to thus is a matter that reflects credit port of the state the congregation on the authorities of both churches.- finds it impossible to raise enough W. A. Wigram in The Living Church.

money privately to maintain its schools, teachers and inner mission Baptisms in Ronmania A activities. T THE annual meeting of the Among the antiques put up for sale Southern Baptist Convention in are rugs, altar paintings, bells, com- May, report was made that there had munion cups and ecclesiastical gar- been 4,925 baptisms in Roumania dur- ments richly brocaded in gold, all ing the preceding year, the largest dating back many years and highly number ever reported from a single treasured for their historic signifi- field in a year to the Foreign Board cance. Experts declared that the vest- of the denomination. In the past ten ments were made in Florence during years the number of Baptists in Rou- the fifteenth century and were brought mania has grown from 15,000 to to Nagyszeben by the Saxonians in nearly 44,000.

Transylvania who at that time main- tained active business relations with CompUlsory Edncation in ltussia northern Italy. At the time of the I T IS reported that for the first time Reformation these Roman Catholic in the history of Russia compulvestments were not put in museums S{)ry education will be introduced in as was customary in some lands, but that country this fall. All children between the ages of eight and fifteen were reserved by the church for use will be forced to go to school. Sixty on important festival days, this cus- thousand additional teachers will be tom being maintained until the close required, many of whom will be Comof the nineteenth century.

munists. Instruction will be based General Church Assembly of Poland largely on the teachings of Marx, to Meet Engels, and Lenin. Under such in- AMERICANS will be interested in struction it will not be long until all .ll. hearing that the decree for the of Russia's children will be Commu- gathering of the "General Church A.a- nists. One shudders as he thinks of sembly" of the Orthodox Church of what the results of the new "cultural Poland has been issued with the en- revolution" may have on the rest of dorsement of the president of that the world.-1Vatchman Examiner.

Religion in Germany Meanwhile, churches will continue to close, not because there is overt FRANCIS E. CLARK stated, before persecution but because the govern- his death, that Germany was carry- ment places a tax load upon them ing out his ideals for Christian En- which many cannot bear. In a cerdeavor better, possibly, than any other tain little village, the church, numbercountry. The vastness and spiritual- ing twenty families, must pay a tax ity of the Eighth World's Christian of $200 and the priest must give an Endeavor Convention recently con- additional $50 of his income of $150 cluded in Berlin lends illumination to to the government. Furthermore his its founder's statement…. Pietism children are denied access to the highstill reaches deeply into the life of er ,schools and he must purchase his Germany. The land of Spener, food dearly, as he cannot enter the Franke, and Zinzendorf is not without government stores where food is sold its modern mysticism. Most Ameri- cheaply. From the standpoint of the cans are aware of the intense increase government he is a pariah and a death of the pietistic strain in recent Ger- sentence would in many instances be many. Karl Barth and his followers kinder than the fate allotted to him. are decidedly inAuential. Theirs is no small part in arousing German cour- The new Russia is robust and vitally age to face the disillusion and general alive but, as in other instances of hisdistrust of religion, which has fol- tory, its vitality is shot through with lowed as a backwash of the World brutality, and the vengeance it takes War. This pietistic element was upon every representative and symbol thrust vividly into the foreground of of the old order must chill the ardor the World Convention.-Ewurt Ed- with which one would like to praise mund Turner in the Christian Cen- its achievements. There is justice in tury. revolutions when seen from a distant and historic perspective, but seen in Russian Persecution of Religion the immediate instance, the brutality of revolutions freezes the soul.-Rein- T HERE is no prospect of a change hold Niebuhr in The Christian Cen- in the attitude of the Russian gov- tury. ernment toward religion. It is rooted in Marxian dogmatism and on that ISLANDS rock many waves will break. The change of front toward the churches Another Bit of ROlllance last March was merely the victory of the majority group in the party SEND 500 COMPLETE GILBERTS which believes that religion will die BIBLES. STEAMER LEAVES a natural death if its revival is not SYDNEY MAY. LONDON MISencouraged through persecution, over SION, BERU, GILBERT ISLAND. the minority group which would like to kill religion at all costs. In spite What a thrill comes from ·these of official disclaimers, there is some words! They formed a radio message evidence that the world-wide protest sent on February 27 from the far against the persecution 0 f the Pacific islands and received at the churches helped to produce a change Bible House, New York, the next day. in policy. In this matter communist Heretofore, it has taken from four strategists are, as they imagine, very months to half a year for such an realistic. They are convinced that order for Scriptures to travel from they will ultimately have war with the Gilbert Islands to the Bible House. the rest of the world, but they do not Think of the romance for these islandwant it now while their industry is ers and their missionaries, hitherto just in the building and unavailable dependent for contact with the outer for military purposes, world on the call of one or, at most, two ships a year, and now in hourly

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

comunication with that outer world and amass great wealth. In the chief by radio. cities of Java, Batavia, Bandoeng and This whole matter of the Scriptures Surabaya, self – supporting Chinese in the language of the Gilbert Islands churches have been planted but wide is full of romance. When young work of Chinese evangelism through- Hiram Bingham, Jr., son of Hiram out the islands is urgent. In Borneo, Bingham, pioneer missionary to the Moslem merchants in contact with the Sandwich Islands, set sail with his Dyaks are rapidly winning them for wife in 1857, it took these pioneers, their faith and numerous villages have in a little 156-ton ship, a good part of wholly embraced Islam.-World Do- a year to reach their destination, the minion.

Gilbert Islands. There they, their be- longing·s, and the material for a house "John Wliliams v" were unloaded and left among the cannibal islanders, not a word of whose THE "John Williams V," recently language did they know I christened with coconut milk at Grangemouth when she was launched, There was peril and romance in the made a tour of the English coast bestory of the missionaries cultivating fore she sailed from London to voyage the friendship of the islanders, slowly between Samoa and the Gilbert and acquiring a speaking knowledge of the Ellice Islands for the London Missionlanguage, patiently reducing it to ary Society. Her cost has been alwritten form, carefully translating most entirely met from the contributhe Scriptures into it, obtaining a tions of the children of the Congreprinting press only to find it a puzzle, gational churches of Britain. no one knowing how to set it up, suddenly sighting a boatload of ship- . This little schooner is the fifth of wrecked sailors arriving in the harbor her name to commemorate the work after drifting and rowing weeks and of John Williams, the pioneer who miles over the ocean in a little boat was murdered on Erromanga in the searching for land, one of the sailors New Hebrides in 1839. The first proving to be a former printer and "John Williams" left London in 1844, and the fourth boat of that name, thereupon setting up the press I There was romance al·so in the long which is to be broken up, has been at and great work of the translation of work for thirty-six years.

the' whole Bible by these same pio- Another mission vessel, the "South- neers, who, in 1893, nearly forty years ern Cross," built at Newcastle in 1903, later, completed it (Mrs. Bingham is approaching the end of her career read the proof meticulously three in these waters, for she is to be re- times, and inserted 120,000 punctua- placed by two smaller boats, one based tion marks I) and saw it printed at on the Solomon Islands and the other the Bible House in New York, from on the New Hebrides in the Mela- whence this radio message now sum- nesian Mission.

mons a new shipment. Romance in- In these southern waters it is difdeed I-Bible Society Record. ficult to avoid the £10,000 a year the Dutch Ea.ot Indies average ves,sel costs to run, for other- wise missionaries would starve on the SEVENTY or eighty per cent of the meager food stuffs on the islands, with "Flock of Islands" of the Southern which these boats form the only reg- Sea which stretch from Sumatra to ular means of communication, while New Guinea belong to Holland. Islam 'On every trip they carry children and is supreme, with animism prevalent teachers going or returning to cen- everywhere, especially in Borneo, the tral schools of a higher grade than it Celebes and New Guinea. Chinese is possible to ·support on the smaller merchants control most of the trade islands.-H. W. Peet.

OK.S WORTH

E3t3l~ Any books m6'll.tioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Praying Hyde; A Present-Day Challenge new era. Never before has the move- to Prayer. By Captain E. G. Carre. ment faced such a complex situation. 189 pp. 28 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Now, probably for the first time,the London. 'heathen' East in general, and China in particular, vigorously challenges We are glad to give early notice of the supremacy of Christendom. In this book which, next to the life of this connection one must not forget George Muller, has done more than the fact that it was Christendom that any other to emphasize the importance sought the East, and that, therefore, of intercessory prayer. This third if the bridge, which is beginning to edition contains a biography of Mr. span the civilization of East and West, Hyde of the Punjab and an account now faUs into a new and wider of his prayer life by Mr. Pengwern chasm, it will be because Christendom Jones, and his methods in personal refuses to change its ways or its work by R. M. Patterson. We also thinking." SAMVEL M. ZWEMER. have extracts from his letters and the book closes with a Challenge to Prayer. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER. Bible Landmarks in a Changing Land. By J. Mac Phail Waggett. 130 pp. $1.50. The International Aspect of the Mission- Revell. New York. 1930. ary Movement in China. By Chao- Kwang Wu, Ph.D. 285 pp. $2.50. The author gives his readers schol- Johns Hopkins Press. Baltimore. arly, and at the same time vivi~, glimpses of the Holy Land. He IS The professor of political ·science in pastor of Mount Zion Presbyterian the university at Shanghai has given Church, St. Charles, South Carolina, us an able monograph on a timely and his volume is at once a travel subject. He writes with sympathy book, a Bible study book, and an aid and insight on the legal rights of to historical perspective. Dr. Ernest missionaries; control and protection Trice Thompson, Professor of Theolof mi-ssionaries; international com- ogy in Union Theological Seminary, plications and status of missionaries, Richmond, writes a commendatory inand their political influence. Not all troduction in which he says that missionaries will agree with his con- "those who cannot go themselves will clusions, but they cannot be set aside find that the author, in an entrancing without consideraUon. The writer is style, brings Palestine to them, and of the opinion that Christianity must as they read, the stories of the Bible be stripped of its Western elements will live again before them." in order to win China. He makes a strong plea for the autonomy of the A Century of Anglo-Catholicism. By Her- Chinese Church. In regard to the bert Leslie Stewart. 404 pp. $4.75. abolition of special privileges, Dr. Wu Oxford University Press. New York.

has no misgivings, but believes the This is a fine piece of work, careful, right to propagate the Christian re- just, honest and true. The writer is ligion will depend on the goodwill of Professor of Philosophy in Dalhousie the Chinese people. His conclusion is: University. He is not an Anglican "All -signs point to the fact that the n'Or an Anglo-Catholic, but he treats missionary movement has entered a the movement with perfect fairness 876 and measures with impartial judgment English and Paul Valery of the French Academy has contributed a warmly its weakness and its strength. The appreciative preface. The scene of the main part of the book is laid in story reaches from Newman and the the author'·s ancestral home in China, and the principal character is his Tractarians to the controversy in mother. It is a charming portrayal of a beautiful family life, with its de- Parliament over the Revised Prayer voted affection, its traditional customs, its occasional perplexing problems, Book. There are fascinating studies and, when death enters the home, the pathos of genuine grief. This section of Newman, Frol1de, Gore and lnge. throbs with human interest. With- out any argum-entative attempt to do The book is a rich account of one of so, it draws the reader into closer sympathy with the real life of the the most notable religious movements Chinese people. The latter part of the book deals with the Revolution. of the last three generations and of Here the author is less happy. He tells an oft told story and with some our own. The question which it sug- bitterness of feeling.

gests for us is-How may we today The Life and Letters of Sir Harry Johns- ton. By Alex Johnston. 351 pp. iJ3.50. find a way to break up the fetters and Jonathan Cape and Harrison Smith. New York. release the spiritual forces and begin Few men of modern times have a new and fuller experience of the lived a life so filled with varied and stirring experiences as Sir Harry Gospel? ROBERT E. SPEER. Johnston. African explorer, scientific student of fauna, flora and ethnology, The Theology of Crisis. By H. Emil painter of such excellence that his pic- Brunner. 118 pp. $1.75. Scribners. tures were hung in the Royal Academy New York. in London, colonial Consul-General, Special Commissioner and colonial Karl Barth is looming large above Governor who added more territory to the horizon. of Europe's theological the British Empire than any other thought. Some have even called him man of his generation, phenomenal the greatest religious thinker since linguist who mastered not only sevthe Reformation. Next to Barth him- eral modern languages but dozens of self, the most notable exponent of his African dialects, author of forty books teaching is the author of this book, and hundreds of newspaper artIcles, Dr. Brunner, Professor of Theology fighter of numerous battles, holder of government decorations and the gold in the University of Zurich. medals of learned societies – what an This little book is designed to ex- amazing career! Swivel chair officials in the Foreign Office often hampered plain the Barthian school of thought him and kept him out of the higher to English readers, and all who desire diplomatic posts for which he was eminently qualified; but the people to know about a movement which is and the governments of other lands exerting large influence on the Con- recognized his great achievements. tinent should secure it. The author England owed much to the indefatigastresses the Calvinistic conception of ble explorer who added more territory God and salvation, the Lutheran con- to her Empire than any other man of ception of justification and the King- his generation. dom of God, and the higher criticism modernist interpretation of the New Testament–an odd combination.

A Son of China. By Sheng-Cheng. 286 pp. $3. Norton. New York.

After scores of books and hundreds of articles on the tumult and the shouting of battling war lords in China, it is a relief to enjoy this book's description of phases of Chinese life and culture of which people in other lands hear too little. The author is an educated young Chinese who wrote at the age of twenty-seven while he was studying in France.

Marvin McCord Lowes has translated it from the French into excellent

The story is graphically told by his work, a scene at the Trebeni mela and younger brother, who was his private other glimpses of life. Throughout is secretary for thirteen years and who stressed the search for truth among accompanied him on many of his these interesting people. The story eventful journeys. It is an absorb- will stir the hearts of Christians with ingly interesting narrative of a re- a desire to give the Gospel to the mul- markable man. A serious defect is titudes in unoccupied Nepal.

the absence of a map. There are fre- Who Moved the Stone ~ By Frank Moriquent references to parts of the vast son. 294 pp. $2.50. Century. New continent of Africa whose precise loca- York. 1930. tion and boundaries the average reader cannot reasonably be expected to have The resurrection of Christ is a bas- ic fact of Christianity. Without it clearly in mind. the whole structure of evangelical be- Robert Stewart Fullerton: a Memoir. By lief would collapse. "If Christ be not J. J. Lueas. 264 pp. $1.25. Christian raised, your faith is vain," St. Paul Literature Society. Allahabad, India. said. A book on this subject there- This is an account of a remarkably fore deals with a vital theme. The intElresting man who was an eye wit- author goes to the heart of it by cen- ness of the memorable events in India tering attention on the disappearance between 1850 and 1865. The author of the body of Jesus from the tomb.

is the Rev. J. J. Lucas, D.D., who, He carefully evaluates all the known after fifty-two years of devoted serv- facts in the closing days of our Lord's ice for Christ in India, is still living earthly life, the circumstances in on the field where his presence and which the empty tomb was discovered, counsel are a benediction to mission- the effect upon the disciples, their sub- aries and Indian Christians alike. The sequent transformation from despair book gives a suggestive insight into to jubilant confidence, and the tre- missionary thought and practice dur- mendous significance of the fact that ing the early days of Christian work the Christians boldly proclaimed the in India. It is particularly valuable resurrection of Christ "within a quar- for its story of the mutiny in the let- ter of an hour's walk of the place in ters of Dr. Fullerton, and for his nar- which, if their contention was false, ratives, in the years immediately the moldering remains of their great following, of the experiences of Indian leader lay," so that "the practical issue Christians who gave sacrificial witness could be settled at first hand, immedi- to their faith during that trying pe- ately, and by any number of wit- riod. The book is a real contribution nesses." The argument is developed to missionary literature in its graphic with such invincible logic that we do account of a historic tragedy and the not see how any reader can doubt the sublime devotion of the followers of glorious fact that Christ did actually Christ who suffered. rise from the dead as the New Testa- The Quest of the Nepal Border. Gordon mept declares. Laymen as well as M. Guinness. Illus. 12 mo. 120 pp. ministers will find this book helpful. 38 6d. London. 1929. Our only criticism is that the author does not definitely answer his own The acting director of the Regions question as to the identity of the one Beyond Missionary Union has the gift "who moved the stone." of picturesque and forceful writing, like others of the Guinnes8 family. The U. S. Looks At Its Churches. C. Here he describes, with vivid and heart-stirring skill, the need of the Luther Fry. 183 pp. $2.50. Instipeople on the Nepal border for Christ tute of Social and Religious Research. New York. 1930.

and His salvation. The chapters in- It is trite to say that statistics are clude striking sketches of native Chris- dry. Sometimes they are, but not the tians, descriptions of evangelistic statistics in this book, for they viv-

BOOKS WORTH READING

idly present stirring facts about the Roger Williams, Prophet and Pioneer. By position and progress of Christianity Emily Easton. 399 pp. $5.00. in America. They deal with question's Houghton Mifflin Co. Boston. that all thoughtful people are interested in: What proportion .of Ameri- Roger Williams bulks large in the cans belong to church? ToO what denominations do they belong? How struggle for religious liberty. Denied are churches geographically distributed? How rapidly are churches grow- it in the England of the seventeenth ing? Is the Sunday-school declining? To what extent are ministers aca- century, he came to the Massachusett's demically trained? What is the value .of church praperty? How much do colony, only to find that the Pilgrim churches spend? The informafion given in reply ta these questiDns is Fathers were as intolerant as the based upan a careful study of the Federal Census .of Religiaus Budies, bishops of the Church of England. and the book is issued under the auspices of an institute whase directors His insistence on the right of the beinclude Dr. Jahn R. Matt, Bishap Francis J. McConnell, Paul Manroe, liever to absolute freedom of thaught James L. Barton and .others of unquestioned standing. The baok is and worship, without interference by therefore autharitative and reliable. either church 01' state, soon brought Africa and Some World Problems. By General J. C. Smuts. 184 pp. $2.50. him into trouble. It must be admit- Oxford University Press. New York. ted that he was a man of inflexible General Smuts is, by universal acclaim, one .of the great statesmen of temper as well as strong convictions, this generatian. At the Peace Canference in Paris after the Warld War, not an easy man to get along with. .observers agreed that this South African was .one .of the three men who But a man of softer type could not shDwed the highest wisdam and the widest vision, the others being Veni- have stood against the stern uniformzelos .of Greece and Wilson of America. When such a man speaks, the ity of those pioneer days. He waged world listens. This bODk consists of six lectures that General Smuts de- a great battle for religious liberty, livered in Great Britain last year, three of them being at Oxford Uni- and he did not shrink from the perversity on the Rhodes Memorial Foundation. The subjects are Liv- secution that followed. He was a ingstone, African settlement and native, pDlicy, peace, the League, and voice in the wilderness, and his ideas democracy. They are characterized by the breadth of view, clearness of have prevailed. statement, and soundness of judgment for which the author is famDus. He The author of this book has renpays tribute to missions. "The missiDnary enterprise," he says, "with dered a large service in recounting its universal Christian message and the stary. As a biography, it is permost its vast educative and civilizing effort haps .open ta the criticism of sametimes is and remains the greatest and powerful influence for good in Africa." elaborating the frame at the expense .of the picture. It is important to place a given character in his histori- cal setting, but Miss Easton devotes the first 116 pages to conditions in England, with only incidental refer- ences to Williams, and some of the succeeding ,sections have more to say about the colonists and the Indians than about Williams. History is more prominent than biography in a CDn- siderable part of the wbroiotkin. g,Hsohwoewvienr~ it is good historical ?areful study of the sources, and mak- mg the volume a valuable contribu- tian to the literature of the seven- teenth century and the development of religious freedom.

The Great Empire of Silence. Robert Mer- rill Bartlett. 60 pp. $1.25. Boston.

These Easter meditations are based on Jesus' silence, suffering and sacri- fice. Their purpose is to strengthen faith, give fortitude and make real the glory of the life beyond. The English

is beautiful, the thought poetic, the The Evangelization of Fagan Africa. J. philosophy sound and the vision of DuPlessis. 408 pp. $6. Stechert. Jesus is refreshing. It is an excellent New York. gift book for the Easter season. Eyes in the Dark. Zenobia Bird. 226 M. T. SHELFORD. pp. $1.50. Revell. New York.

African Horizons. By John Cudahy. David Elliot. E. Everett Green. 190 pp. 159 pp. $3.00. Duffield. New York. 80c. Pickering & Inglis. London. This is a volume to delight the lover The Coming lteligion. Nathaniel Schmidt. of the African wilderness and its big 262 pp. $2.25. Macmillan. New game. The author is a well-known York. business man of Milwaukee who has had a varied experience as a soldier, The Korean Church and the Nevius explorer and author. He went to Methods. Charles Allen Clark. 278 Africa as a member of the Massee- pp. $2.50. Revell. New York. Milwaukee Public Museum Expedition to collect specimens and photographs. Henry Martyn of Persia. Jessie Page. The party had some thrilling adven- 179 pp. 80c. Pickering & Inglis. tures with lions, rhinoceros and ele- London. phants which Mr. Cudahy describes in racy English. The volume is superbly Prayer. W. E. Orchard. 135 pp. $1.25. illustrated with drawings by H. B. Harpers. New York. Rowntree and photographs by the author, and the publishers have given The Sarcophagus of an Ancient Civilizait attractive binding and letterpress. tion. George L. Robinson. 495 pp. $7.50. Macmillan. New York. BRIEF MENTION Ten Thousand Miles With a Dog Sled. Two books for the devotional use of Hudson Stuck. 420 pp. $4. Scribthe Bible are The Bible In My Every- ners. New York. day Life, by Eugene Franklin Reese, (432 pp., $2.85, The System Bible Co., Tales of India. Various authors. 62 pp. Chicago), and Daily Bible Memory 18. Church Missionary Society. Lon- Verses, by Gertrude Wales, (52 pp., don. 75c, Revell, New York). The former groups Scripture passages under ap- Toni of Grand Isle. Nelia Gardner White. propriate headings so that the reader 300 pp. $2. Penn Pub. Co. Philafinds the inspired teachings conven- delphia. iently assembled for practical guidance. Prof. A. T. Robertson, D.D., in The Inspiration and Accuracy of the Holy an. introduction writes of the helpful- Scriptures. John Urquhart. 439 pp. ness of the book in strengthening faith 58. Pickering and Inglis. London. and helping in times of trial and 1930. temptation. The latter book is of pocket size, giving daily verses for International Aspect of the Missionary memorizing, arranged topically for 52 Movement in China. Chao-Kwang Wu. weeks. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, the 285 pp. $2.50. Johns Hopkins Press. well-known Chairman of the Central Baltimore. 1930. Committee on United Study of Foreign Missions, highly recommends it A Madcap Family. Amy Le Feuvre. 270 in an introduction. pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- don. 1930. NEW BOOKS Mystiok Oder Versohnung. Dr. Karl Industrial Village Churches. Edmund Heims and Kokichi KuroSaki. Furche deS. Brunner. 193 pp. $1.50. In- Pub. House. Berlin. 1930. stitute of Social and Religious Re- search. New York. D. L. Moody. W. R. Moody. 556 pp. $3.50. Macmillan. New York. 1930.

Praying Hyde. E. G. Carre. 189 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

ltoger Williams. Emily Easton. 399 pp. $5. Houghton Mifflin. New York.

Who Moved the Stone. Frank Morison. 294 pp. $2.50. Century. New York.

Nature and lteligion. Charles H. Tyn- dall. 275 pp. $2. Revell. New York.

Between the Desert and the Sea. I. Lilias Trotter. 63 pp. 68.

Bible Landmarks in a Changing World. J. MacPhail Waggett. 130 pp.

Ursula. L. A. Barter-Snow. 320 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering & Inglis. London.

The World's Best Religious Quotations. James Gilchrist Lawson. 192 pp. $2. Revell. New York.

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1929

Yours a MERCY Christmas7'

.

McCUTCHEON LINENS for every hostess on your Christmas list, Handkerchiefs and these novelties to please those for whom you "can't think of a thing!"

Colorful Moorcroft Pitcher from Liberty's $8.75 Kashmir Goat Hair Rugs, rich and colorful $18.50 Slip-On Washable French suede Gloves . $3.75 a pair Sheer Hose with clox. Smart shades . . . $3.95 a pair Each gift packed in a dainty Christmas box McCutcheon's n" . FIFTH AVENUE AT FORTy-N1NTH ST. DEPT. No. 20, NEW YORK Ret]. US Rlt. on: -11- . – . -.-….– . – . — . – -… – . – — –.. , ~I~-.~.~….~…~…~ .-..~-'-'''-!; ..£.~'''''!;£-'-'~'—-'–''-'-=–'~~~'~~~~P-~~~~~'

I A Guaranteed Income lor Life ~~ WOULD you like to be relieved of the care of keeping your money safely ,~ invested, and at the same time have an assured income for the rest of your I life–much larger than you are now receiving?

Would you like to provide all income for some;,relative; a brother, or sister, a husband, a wife, some more distant relative, or a f,riend ? , Would you like to feel that after you are through with life, and the person or persons for whom you have provided have passed .on, your money will continue to do good for generations to come I Our Life Annuity Agreements /~ will do 10" yo. 1IIe Tery dalncs en….erated . . .ve and wUI …..aatee Absolute Safety Annuity Does Not Change Agreements issued by the undersigned organi- These agreements are good during the lifetime zations have back of them millions of dollars of the beneficiaries and. notwithstanding Huc- worth of property in all parts of the world. mations of bonds. stocks or real estate values, and the moral backing of the Methodist Epis- the amount of annuity is never changed.

copal Church. Annuity Paid PI"ODIpdy Rates During the entire history of these boards, an- nuity checks have been mailed promptly accord- The amount of annuity paid is larger than the ing to the terms of the agreement without a income from most safe investments and is de- case of defaulting. termined by the age of the annuitant.

For further information write: MORRIS W. EHNES, Treasurer, Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y., or W. J. ELLIO'IT. Treasurer. Board of Home Missions and Church ExteElSion of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1701 Ar<h Street, Philadelphia, Pa.

;~;t.~~~~~~~~~;:;~~~;:;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~l,~ Please mention THI: 11.IISSIONARY REVIEW OF TilE 'VORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD Spirit-filled Christian stewards like to ma~e DELAVAN L. PIIlRSON, Editor them. CONTENTS-Deoember, 192ft Annuity Gifts to the National Bible Institute are not only extraordinarily fine gifts, but Page they pay dividends in trained Christian FRONTISPIECE …..••••• , ••••..•••••• workers proclaiming the Gospel at home and abroad. TRANSFORMING THE AUSTRALIAN ABO- RIGINES Y011 can help greatly in evangelizing the world and enjoy WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST ..••••• ……………. .. LAURA M. WHITE 901 a non-fluctuating income for life WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN through an Annuity Gift. EGYPT ..••.. DAISY GRIGGS PHILIPS 908 SECURITY STABILITY S~ ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE … · ….••••••••• '.' •..•• H. A. KELSEY 915 999 SHALL WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC For detailed information write to WAY? ……..•.• HOWARD A. BANKS 919 THE NATIONAL BIBLE INSTITUTE CHINESE MISSIONARIES IN BORNEO ………………… R. A. JAFFRAY 922 THE SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF INDIA ……………… MRS. W. W. DUFF 925 THE KURDS OF KHORASAN ……..• • ..•..•.•…. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON 929 340 West 55th Street, New York City AN AFRICAN VILLAGE FOR A DOLLAR Don O. Shelton, President • ..•••••••••••.••••• WILLIAM CLARE: BELL AND ELIZABETH LOGAN ENNIS 938 Hugh R. Monro, Treasurer CHINESE WOMEN AND RELIGION …. · …….. , ……… MRS. C. C. CHEN 941 MOHONK CONF'ERENCE ON THE AMER- ICAN INDIAN ………. COE HAYNE 945 TOPICS OF 'THE TIMES •…………• 947 ( METHODS FOR THE WORLD DAY OF PRAYER .'… EDITED BY MRS. F. I. 1= , JOHNSON •••••.••••••••••.•••••••• 950 LET YOUR GIn" HOME AND FOREIGN MISSION BUL- _LETIN •••••••••.••.•••••…….• 958 to Foreign Missions WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK •••.••••••••• 963 BOOKS WORTH READING ••••••.•••• 978 PAY YOU A LIFE INCOME INDE,X FOR 1929 …………••• , •••• 983 You can make a generous.gift to foreign mis- TERMS.-$2.50 a year. ($2.00 In clubs of sions and have a needed income for yourself five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, and others from the money you give by the 25 cents. Published monthly. Cop,.rlghted. 1928. by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COM- Annuity Gift Plan PANY, INC. All rights reserved This plan relieves you of uncertainty- and THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING worry causea by changing values of invested COMPANY, INC. funds and assures you a fixed income of – 4t% to 9% per year for the rest of your life A reserve fund of over $1.500.000 guarantees ROBERT E. SPEER, President the vrompt payment of annuities to yqu. WILLIAM I. CHAMBIlBLAIN, Vloe-Presldent Protect yourself against loss through DELAVAN L. PIERSON, ,seoretary unwise investments and at the same time WALTER McDOUGALL, Treaaurer help send the gospel to all the world. Publication Office, 3d & Reil,. St., Harrisburg, For full £n/ormatiotl write Pa. 25c'a copy. $2.50 a year. Erne« F. HDII, Secretary, Dept. ofAnnuilie. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, BOARD OF FOREIGN MISSIONS New York Cit,. of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A. Entered as second-class matter at the Post 156 Fifth Avenue. New York Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.

Please mention Tall MISSlONARY RIlVIEW OF THIl WORLD In writing to advertisers. A CA VE IS THE HOME OF THESE LEPERS F OR the Christ Child there was was NO ROOM in the dweJlings of men. At this season when all Christians celebrate His Birthday, let us remember those others against whom a:l men have closed their doors-the world's helpless, homeless lepers.

Multitudes in Need "Every night the last sound we heard was the moaning, sobbing cry of the sixty homeless lepers outside the gate," says a traveler, speaking of a Leper Hospital which he recently visited. "Every morning we looked down upon that same crowd lying on the ground."

There are thousands of lepers like these; shall they be rescued for lives of Christian usefulness?

Follow Christ's Command Help the American Mission to Lepers, interdenominational and international, to "CLEANSE THE LEPERS."

Through 140 centers of mercy in 40 countries many needy lepers are being relieved and rescued.

Increase your own Christmas joy, and put the light of hope into these darkened lives by sending a Christmas gift to-day.

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$l~Chaulmoogra oil for two years of weekly treatments, a period sufficient to "discharge as cured" a leper in the early stages.

$4~Complete care of one leper for one year. > r——————- $30~A cottage for six to twelve lepers at a mission station. Send your Contribution to Enclosed is $ ….. '… , my Christmas gift III to the leper~~ FLEMING H. REVELL, Name of America and other binds. ' Trecuurer .. > •••••••• > ••• > •••••••••••••••••••• ne American Mission to Lepers, Inc. I Address . > •• > >> ••••••• > ••••••• > ••••••••••• Ave., Room II ………….. 156 Fifth 1119L > •••••••••••• » •••••••••••••• New York City !……………….H~ Ple-ase lllPntion THE )JISS]OSARY REVIEW OF THE '~ORLD in writing to aL1w~rtiSf'rs.

by Miss Ma1"qarct Matthcws J Goulbut-n Island. via Darwi·n. Northern

UNEVANGELIZED ABORIGINES OF AUSTRALIA Thp.sp. mp.n are tYoical of the hlack mp.ll of North AustraJia. The balls hanging on the necks of three are charms to drive away evil spirits. They probably contain some portion of a deep-asP.(] warrior wbose virtue is supposed to enter the Dossessor.

f!HRIRTIAN ABOlUGINER AND THEIR LEADER- A MISSIONARY The Rev. R. L. Keiuel"t bas taken a Kreat interest in training the Christian youth to play musical instruments in harmony. These Australian aborigines are said to be the "lowest type of civil humanity." but many are accepting Christ and are living witnesses to Him among their dark brothers.

TRANSFORMING THE AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINES 'l~here are ~stimated to be about 83,000 Aborigines now in Australia- most of them in the Northern 'l'erritory. This is only half the estimated populntinn when the white men first caDle about one bundred and fifty yea-rs- aa;:o.

LII, No. 12 December

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST The Story of Christian Literature for the Chinese* BY LAURA M. WHITE, Shanghai, China Missionary of the lVoman's F01~ei{/n Missionar.ll Society of tlH~ Methodist Episcopal Ohurch, 1891-; Editor oj the Nu To p(J·O of the Chri8tian Literature Society J CCORDING to tradition the the plea that it was beneath the f i first Christian missionaries dignity of China to borrow an alphabet from another country. to China were Syrians who blazed their way across Central The famous Nestorian tablet Asia, beginning' in the 2d or even records the work of Nestorian misin the 1st century A. D. They sionaries who journeyed from Perbrought with them two priceless sia to Central China, reaching Sian gifts-the Christian Scriptures Fu in 635. Reference is made to and the alphabet, and seem to have the fact that they brought with had very early editions of the them the Scriptures, a translation whole Bible (Peshito version) ex- of which was to be found in the cepting the three small epistles of imperial library. This evidence is Peter, John and Jude, and the corroborated by an Arab traveller Apocalypse. Every Syrian mis- of the 9th Century, Ibu Wahab, sionary had a copy of at least one who journeyed to the capital of portion of Scripture, laboriously China and was given an audience made by hand; and students were with the emperor. He was shown expected to memorize large parts pictures of the patriarchs, prophof the Psalms and New Testament. ets, Noah and the Ark, Moses These Christians penetrated Cen- with his rod, Jesus on an ass, surtral Asia, spreading their culture, rounded by the apostles and other and adapting their alphabet to the Bible scenes. The emperor seemed various tribes-the Mongolians, to be very familiar with the Scrip- Manchus and Tartars. Mongolian ture narrative. script was apparently popular in China until Kublai Khan ordered Twenty-five years ago Profesa return to ideographic writing on sor Paul Pelliot discovered in a "The writer wishes to acknowledge her in- sealed up cave of Tung Huang, ~;ttcl~llt~S t:;Jl'latl~SPDr~fTi~~~b~aUi~ha:d, ~~~~ Kiang Su Province, a number of valuable ancient manuscripts; P;e g~rti~~ ~~~~l:~d'M~~i~~:~y SS~:i~~7.' ¥~ among them was a roll written in ;fo~~f~~d'viJJ~~·~~~rt~i1~n~rOf~ss~~.. O~t~~~~~~: Chinese characters, perfectly legi- ble, and written in the 9th or 10th ~oe~~0~i~!tliti.;;!n~:1ti()ll on Fire. a History of 901

century by some Chinese Christian. literary and scientific channels. It includes a Chinese translation of Famous western authors, Euclid the Gloria in Excelsis, followed by and Aristotle, etc., were translated a list of venerated Christians and into Chinese. Mathematics, geogbooks. At the end is a note ex- raphy and astronomy were taught. plaining that the number of books Selections from the Scriptures with put into Chinese from the Mother pictorial illustrations were printed Church of Syria was five hundred and published. A lexionary, (readand thirty. Christianity in the ings from the Scriptures for holy T'ang Era (618-845 A. D.) was days) was published in 1636. probably a dominant religion; but These selections cover the printhe adverse edict of 845 A. D., cipal events in the life of Jesus. ordering the suppression of Nes- Also the New Testament was torianism and Buddhism, almost translated faithfully by some undestroyed the Nestorians. These known missionary at that time. Christian manuscripts may have In the 18th century Catholic mis- sionaries were all either expelled or been sealed up in the cave at about put to death. Churches were conthat time. fiscated by the government, and Later, under the liberal Mon- Christianity was again a progolian Dynasty Christianity again scribed religion until 1844. In 1738 grew in strength. There were an English merchant, Mr. Hodgmany Nestorian churches in Kiang son, visited Canton. He had some Su, Chekiang, Honan, Korea, and knowledge of Chinese characters, other provinces. The Chinese em; and his attention was called to an peror, Kublai Khan, venerated the old Chinese book which he found Gospels, and in 1271 sent a letter to be a New Testament. Mr. Hodgto the Pope by the Polo brothers re- son had a copy made which was questing a hundred missionaries. Two were sent, but turned back dis- afterwards presented to the British mayed by the difficulties encoun- Museum. It consists of a harmony tered on the journey. In 1289 of the four Gospels, the Book of John of Monte Carino arrived at Acts, the Pauline epistles and the the Chinese Court, and found the Scriptures, both Old and New first chapter of Hebrews. Testament, in Chinese; and esti- In the beginning of the 19th mated that there were about two century Robert Morrison made a hundred thousand Christians. He study of this book at the British was later reinforced by ten other museum; copied it, and having missionaries and before his death acquired a knowledge of the Canestimated that besides the Nestori- tonese language, sailed as a misans there were a hundred thousand sionary to China in 1804. Morrison Catholics. But the tolerant Mongul earned his living as secretary, first Dynasty was expelled from China to the East India Company and and the Ming Dynasty in a terrific later to Lord Napier. To preach persecution extirpated all Chris- the Gospel or even to teach Chinese tians. to a foreigner was then a capital offense; consequently Morrison's The Jesuits brought new gifts of missionary work was mainly liter- Christian literature to the Chinese ary. He made the first Chinese and in the middle of the 16th century. English dictionary, and translated They made their appeal through the Bible into Chinese, acknowl-

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

edging in the preface his indebted- Americans, Rev. Ernest Faber, a ness to the Testament which he German, and Dr. Timothy Richard, had studied in the British Museum. a Welshman, all made outstanding In · 1844 Monsieur de Lagrene contributions to Christian litera- obtained formal recognition of ture. Later Dr. Williamson and Christianity, and protection of Dr. Griffith John were appointed its adherents from persecution. by a general conference of mission- Former repressive edicts were an- aries to prepare Christian school nulled. Protestant missionaries books. Women in the western part later came to China, concentrating of Scotland formed the first Wom- in five ports in which they were permitted to live. They com- menced to lay the foundations of Protestant Christianity, hardly knowing how to attack the over- whelming problems which con- fronted them. They were ignorant of China's religions and of the classics. Morrison's Bible was not in the language of the common people. In their efforts to put Christian truth into Chinese they encountered the same rock of dif- ficulty on which the Catholic Church in 1715 had been wrecked.

What terms should be used for God? Shall it be "Shang Ti," or "Sheng," or "Tien"?

The edict of 1844 soon became a dead letter. Catholic Christians were still persecuted. Missionary life in China was almost unbear- able, until 1860 when a new treaty was signed, by which eleven new ports were opened to trade, free- LAURA M. WHITE dom to missionaries was granted for travel and residence in China, an's Auxiliary for cooperation in and protection for converts was the work of preparing Christian promised. In addition missionaries literature.

were permitted to rent and pur- In 1887 Dr. Williamson founded chase land in all provinces, and to the Society of Christian Literature erect buildings thereon at pleasure. for China and when he died in Protestantism commenced its 1890, the English Baptists loaned missions in earnest. Bible societies Dr. Timothy Richard as general were established and God raised secretary to the society. Under his up for their tasks literary giants. wise guidance the organization Alexander Williamson, a Scotch- prospered as a society within the man, founded the Scotch Bible different missionary societies of Society; Dr. S. Wells Williams China. Each missionary loaned to and Rev. Young J. Allen, both the service of the Christian Litera-

ture Society received his salary tance. One cannot help smiling at from his own Board. Outstanding the thought of little Lord Fauntle- volumes on theology were begun. roy with his golden curls, and Ellen Ponderous volumes on political Montgomery, a trifle sullen over science, sociology, histories, biogra- her slate colored stockings, both phies, etc., all written in elegant pushing their youthful way into Wen Li, were widely distributed such elegant literary society.

among the literati. These books While reading Tolstoy's "Mar- and the new ideas circulated by chez Pendant que Vous Avez la the magazines published by the Lumiere" Miss White was inspired Christian Literature Society cre- with a brilliant idea-she would ated a great ferment in China, confiscate the plot, and locate it in thus starting a reform movement Shangtung Province. It was a good among the students. plot and well worth appropriating.

A few years later Dr. Young Tolstoy's arguments against im- J. Allen, realizing that practically perialism, militarism, and Roman nothing had been written for wom- and Greek philosophies could easily en and children, commenced his be changed into appeals for Chris- great work Women in All Lands, tianity against Buddhism and Con- virtually' an encyclopedia in ten fucianism. When all was finished volumes, beautifully illustrated and she went with the book to her great written in terse, classical Wen Li. and wise friend Dr. Timothy Rich- This was the beginning of woman's ard.

literature in China. Alas! Women "What shall I call the book?"

and children could not read these she asked. "It is not a translation attractive books, nor would the men or even an adaptation. Tolstoy most of China buy the series to read to certainly would disown the child in them. Only dust and book worms its Chinese dress, with communism took to the elegant volumes which eliminated and an orthodox heaven, were subsequently disposed of as hell, devil, and angels added! In prizes and gifts to school libraries. my arguments for Christianity I Later Miss Laura White with have cribbed from Browning, trembling hands ventured to pre- Ruskin, Phillips Brooks, Lyman sent to the learned Society "The Abbot, Henry Drummond, and Broom Maker" and "Picciola, the even Butler's Analogy."

Story of a Prison Flower." These "My dear child," said the famous two stories seemed incongruous sinalogue. "You have written an with the erudite spirit of the Chris- original story."

tian Literature Society at that "But there is hardly an original time. Yet both books were of good thought in it."

pedigree–"The Broom Maker" "I would not expect it," was the being sponsored by John Ruskin, reply. "Only two or three new and "Picciola" famous as a French thoughts are born in a century."

classic. Both books were given The success of this book, "The Five rather a doubtful welcome, and Calls," which went through twenty grudgingly placed on the book editions, gave Miss White courage shelves. Next year "Little Lord to say "yes" when the Christian Fauntleroy" appeared, and a little Literature Society asked her to edit later "The Wide, Wide World" by a magazine for women and girls.

Mrs. McGillivray asked for admit- Next Mrs. McGillivray, whose

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

husband had joined the Christian as in "The Bird's Christmas Literature staff in 1889, became Carol." Editorials and serials in the editor of Happy Childhood, the the magazine are afterwards gath- popular Christian periodical for ered up and published in book children. A charming little maga- form. In this way we have "The zine it is! Full of pretty pictures, Secret Garden," "Scenes from Ben bright stories, clever puzzles, in- Hur," "Romola," "The Dawn of teresting songs and beautifully Hope," "We Women, Our Golden printed on good paper. The chil- Hope" by Constance Maynard, dren of China are indebted to their "History of Women's Social Prog- understanding friend for "The ress" and many others.

Childhood of Jesus," "Jesus, My For some years the W. C. T. U.

Saviour," a mine of attractive in America furnished funds for stories, and many children's books the production of a number of that one has not the time to men- temperance books, and our special tion here. Perhaps her loveliest catalogue of books for the home book is a translation of Mrs. Pea- and for schools includes many body's wonderful book, "Prayers biographies of devoted women- For Children." "Anne of Ava," "Elizabeth Fry,"

No one can equal Mrs. McGilliv- "Amanda Smith," "Pandita Ram- ray in preparing books for chil- abai," "Florence Nightingale,"

dren and her illustrations are "Mary Slessor," "Mary Lyons,"

irresistible in their cleverness. "Alice Freeman Palmer," "Mary What mother could resist buying Reed, Missionary to the Lepers"

"Prayers for Children" when she and others. There are a few books sees the illustrations of the "Prayer on home making, helps for moth- for Father on a Journey." Here ers and Bible women, health is the coolie with his baggage, and books, many songs and anthems, the wheelbarrow or sedan chair to Christian plays and pageants.

carry him to the canal, and then A few years ago our Chinese edi- the big river steamer to take him torial staff was somewhat troubled to Shanghai. Noone has given in trying to reconcile Christianity more joy to the children of China and science, having read some dis- than Mrs. McGillivray. turbing books. Day by day they In 1923 Miss Martha Pyle, for- gathered at the Christian Litera- merly head of the McTyeire School, ture round table on which they came to the help of the Woman's threw every doubt, difficulty and Department of the Christian Lit- doctrine to which they objected.

erature Society and has done ex- It was Miss White's task to search cellent work. the libraries, and to consult with On the editorial staff of our Nu theologians until the girls' ques- To Pao, the magazine for girls and tionings were answered. Miss women, are several young Chinese Kwangfang Lee, the most strenu- women, all high school and college ous doubter, afterwards wove the graduates. A Gin-Lin Student put conversations and arguments into Mrs. Wiggs into a Chinese cabbage her little story, "From the Seen to patch. In a certain Christmas play, the Unseen." Later the National her little Ruggles are just as lov- Christian Council sent out a ques- able dressed up in Chinese clothes tionnaire as to what books had and living in a Nanking mud hut helped most to solve our young

people's religious problems. High books have stimulated their love on the list were "The Five Calls" for Christ, a loyalty to their school, and "From the Seen to the Un- and given them a better underseen." In another questionnaire, standing of their missionary teachsent out recently in the interests ers? of religious education, students Our Woman's Department of the were asked for the names of their Christian Literature Society ocfavorite books. The boys seemed to cupies two communicating rooms, have gotten their mental entertain- containing four desks for Chinese ment largely from Chinese classics ~ oung ladies and two for the grave Chinese pundits whose duty is to improve the literary style of our feminine aspirants for fame. A fine organ is in one corner of the room and some one is harmonizing a folk song for next month's Nu To Pao. Its tones have driven Miss Pyle for sanctuary to the valuable library on the second floor where she works with two Chinese girls on "Laddie" and "Dr. Orchard's Prayers." Miss Pan is busily en- gaged in collecting native melodies which she is converting into hy- giene songs. She is a graduate of McTyeire School, and is proficient in music, but can also make nimble fingers fly over the keys of a type- writer, and is an adept at dressing pretty stories in Chinese clothes.

Her last achievement in that line is Margaret Deland's "Katie," but A FORMER SLAVE GIRL-MARY LIU in the Chinese version the story does not become tragic. Our Chiand other non-Christian sources, nese young women insist on happy and the latest books of Russian endings, and so the snobbish northought. But the girls reported mal school graduate in China their favorite books as "Little repents, and cherishes her char- Women," "Romola," "Quo Vadis," woman mother. "Lovey Mary," "Little Lord Faunt- The wise ' looking young lady leroy," "The Wide, Wide World" working on an editorial "The Strugand other stories. It has been gle for the Life of Others" is noticed that, while many of our Kwangfang Lee. She was graduboys remained faithful to their ated from Gin-Ling College and Christian teachings during the earned her M.A. at Boston Univerpresent unrest in China, neverthe- sity. Miss Shen, Mrs. McGilless our girls have shown greater livray's faithful helper, sits in the loyalty to their Christian faith and sunlight, reading proofs of this missionary teachers. May it not month's Happy Childhood, while be that these simple wholesome Mrs. McGillivray in her own

WOMEN AND CHILDREN LAST

home, not very far away, super- and condense, until finally a fair intends some Chinese artist in copy is ready for the printer. making illustrations, or adapts her Mary seldom corrects, and never latest book iJl.to Chinese. rewrites her work. She will write a thousand characters in an hour's Perhaps the most interesting girl time, ready for press, without of all is Mary Liu. When a five- alteration. One of the compensayear-old slave girl, through the tions for her mutilation is the fact cruelty of her owner, she lost both that she has learned to conserve hands and feet and was given to and concentrate every faculty. She missionaries. Provided with arti- has already put two books into ficiallegs she learned to walk when Chinese, and her one draft needed she was six years old. Fortunately practically no revision by the old she retained one tiny thumb joint pundit who so freely corrects the and with this she has learned to literary style of our other young sew, to write, to cut out her own ladies. clothes with scissors held between the two wrists, and even to thread Fourteen years ago when she a needle. Being very fastidious she was seven years old, Mary wrote washes her own clothes with those poor calloused wrist' stumps. She her first letter to a missionary writes and draws beautifully and teacher, in which she announced has just been graduated from Gin- her intention of becoming the Ling College where she received a editor of the Nu To Pao, and now unique graduating gift-a new pair her childish ambition seems likely of artificial legs. The handicaps to be gratified. A poem written by under which she has labored have Sidney Lanier about a hero who developed unusual powers of con- harnessed a wolf and made him centration. In the Christian Lit- plow has greatly influenced Mary's ~rature Society the rest of us life. She too has bravely conquered rarely translate more than a thou- the wolf that ravaged her; has sand characters a day. It takes us until five o'clock in the afternoon harnessed him, and is now joyousto make our first draft, to revise ly driving him to till a beautiful field belonging to the Kingdom of God.

I NEW ClIINA FOR OLD ~~ N THE long past China has often had intercourse with outside peoples and religions. Her response, to whatever influences came therewith, was to assimilate them. The assimilation of Buddhism is perhaps the readiest illustration of this earlier and long-enduring motive.

"Today China is doing something different and for the first time in her history she is consciously trying to readjust herself to outside peoples. When a people get a new motive they become new. Most of what China is now doing by way of reconstruction is not due to external pressure, but to a desire to readjust herself. She is becoming conscious of her own potentialities and is trying to rebuild her own integrity in terms of her own wishes."-The Congregationalist.

AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN

BY DAISY GRIGGS PHILIPS, Cairo, Egypt* .MissiOHat"y of the United Pr('~b"tcrian Church oj the U. S. A.

ATANGLED network of super- Moslem lands and (2) because the stition, belief and practice wives of the great Moslem working holds Moslem womanhood in world have always been free in all its thrall. Albeit Moslem women, lands to go unveiled and to take like many of the fair sex in western their part alongside their husbands lands, quite enjoy the sense of be- in the common struggle to gain a ing caught in the meshes of custom. livelihood. Not infrequently wom- It must be borne in mind therefore en of strong mental caliber are met that customs which to the West- with in the villages who practical- erner are often revolting and which ly rule the clan.

we feel have been forced upon de- The system of seclusion here in fenceless Moslem women are not Egypt has been supposed to mili- only frequently hugely enjoyed but tate against girls going astray and clung to tenaciously by the women when I mentioned this recently to of the East. a high class Moslem girl who was The first social custom affecting educated in France, she said, "We women which forces itself upon do not want any such imposed the Westerner, is the seclusion of morality. We want girls to be pure women-although in Egypt there because they know it is right and has been such a marked change in because they have the power within the last three or four years that themselves to resist evil. Nor do one sees scores of veiled women on we want the veil even if it is pretty the streets, some of the large shops and becoming and modish. We do being frequented by hundreds of not want the veil because it stands them. The fact remains that the for the inferiority of women."

thousands are still secluded. In his The practice of secluding women book "La Condition de la Femme has had its effect upon every de- dans la Tradition et I 'Evolution partment of women's life, resulting de L 'Islamisme," Dr. Mansoor even in her exclusion from the Fahmy points out that the Koran Mosque. Dr. Mansoor Fahmy, him- deals chiefly with the seclusion of self a Moslem, says that, in spite the wives of Mohammed, following of the fact that the two sexes were a suggestion of his friend, Omar. equal before the temptation (in The order was made to inclUde the Eden) of Adam and Eve, the God wives of believers to the extent of the Koran has stamped women that they were to veil themselves with inferiority. Besides this, he when they went out, thus rendering adds, conquests, slavery, classes, themselves less liable to insult polygamy and tyrannical govern- from men. Dr. Mansoor Fahmy ment have all played a role in the fails to find the Koranic decree decadence of women. In his con- binding for two reasons, (1) be- clusion he points out the opinions cause it has never applied to all of the woman question of authors "We <leel'l~' 1'egret to BUY that word hnB highly esteemed in the Moslem ~~~~o.recs~~e~u~ ';~~u~~~t~o?Jm~:B'E~~~~~~ ill world. One, a Persian, advised men 908 to be vigilant in preserving friend- the moment of great difficulty ship and friends for he said, rather than to allow the beast to "Friends are not like women become unruly and then himself (wives), whom one can repudiate be forced to escape in an undigniat will." Another, Djahis by name, fied manner. This philosophy a classic writer and philosopher, drives Gazali to lay down the most said, "The superiority of man over tyrannical injunctions for the sewoman is striking and one that is clusion of woman, according to marked in everything. Woman which she must be shut in the should not turn herself aside from house, never climb to the roof nor her own function, her mission is let herself be seen, nor chat with to be a mother and to be a wife." her neighbors but always watch over her husband and his interests Gazali, the mystic, who accord- whether he be present or absent. ing to Dr. Mansoor Fahmy, was in- THE nOME OF A YOUNG EGYPTIAN PEA~ANT GIRL fluenced by Christian mysticism, This is enough from classic audenounced marriage on economical thorities to give us the point of and mystical grounds. To burden view of the orthodox Moslem reoneself with a costly charge is to garding the seclusion of women. assume a weight one would better There is another power, however, not carry. This mystical reason of in the life of the Moslem women, Gazali's (of St. Paul's argument) which has even more weight than that the care of the family can be- classic writings, including the come an absorbing occupation for Koran, and that is tradition folthe heart, leads him to the most lowed by its long train of superextreme conclusions, i. e., that only stitions which affect the whole life idiots are capable of love, and that from the cradle to the grave. love is only a stupid mania whose There are Moslem "books of mediforce one would do far better to cine" which give rise to many break in the beginning as one superstitious practices, some of seizes an animal by the reins at which are revolting, though it

should be said that these practices out and its blood allowed to flow are found chiefly among the peas- into a huge flat basin in which a ant women. Perhaps the most chair had been placed for the common of these practices are con- patient. An attendant bathed her nected with childbirth. Here is a limbs and body with the warm very common superstition which blood without undressing the pa- was told to me by some of my Mos- tient, who in this case was not really lem friends in a village of upper demon possessed but only slightly Egypt. It was given to me in all indisposed and a bit "queer." This sincerity and desire to help me be- woman and her friends were all cause I have only one child. The in comfortable circumstances and belief is that women friends call- could have seen a doctor, perhaps ing upon a mother with a new born had, but here they were at this babe must not wear gold jewelry, performance because they "loved especially the style so common here darkness rather than light."

made of gold coins, because if the The following story is told by a mother sees such jewelry while her missionary in Ismailia: babe is less than a month old she "When a woman becomes ill, she will not have another child. If a has recourse to the doctors whose friend sh0uld be so careless as to medicine may cure her. If a cure forget to remove her gold adorn- is not effected and she has head- ments before calling, the antidote aches, dyspepsia, nervous attacks is for the mother to obtain the gold etc., she will likely send to a or a piece of the same type and sheikha to find out through her value, immerse it in a glass of Nile wisdom what ails her. The Sheikha water brought either by an old gets a handkerchief which the woman or a young girl, and then woman has worn, and wraps in it drink it slowly before sunset, after a twenty piastres piece 4s-one which the evil charm will be dollar, and sleeps with it under broken. her pillow. In the morning she Another practice is the Zar or keeps the coin and returns the ker- the rite of placating demons. I chief saying that in her dreams she saw one of these performances in has seen that a powerful prince of Tanta and my chief impression of the a/rit (evil spirit or demon, it was that the women who were plural a/arit) is in love with the of the middle class enjoyed it woman, but that she has not paid hugely. The friends of the indis- proper attention to this lover who posed woman gathered until the is therefore angry with her, and house was well filled. The per- has sent the illness to chastise her formance consisted of tambourine until she repents and gives him his music and chanting by a band of dues. What is the woman to do to professional women singers, the propitiate the spirit? (Some are eating of rather elaborate cakes Christian, some heathen, some good and sweets for refreshments and Moslems among these demons, a finally the riding of a sheep very favorite one being the Magh- through the rooms and later its raby). She must have a Zar.

sacrifice in a room closed to the "According to the wealth of the public. All who wished to see the woman is the duration and elabora- victim could do so later. The jugu- tion of the Zar. If she is poor it lar vein of the animal had been cut may last only one night and a fowl

WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN EGYPT

be killed, but if she is wealthy it demand is for the head net of the may last as long as a week and a Sudan as a scarf to cover the face. full grown sheep be the sacrifice. Th.e woman may have been told In any case the Sheikha arranges beforehand the particular color for women to come who know the which her a/rit likes and in that various tunes affecting the dif- case, at the Zar her dress must be ferent evil spirits. Many women of that color. besides the sick one will gather, especially those who say they have After the Zar, if the a/rit has an afrit lover and as it is only the been pleased with her, the illness beautiful and witty whom the de- will depart, if not, she must give mons desire, every woman wishes another more elaborate performto have such a lover. Some have ance or attend others, paying all many. As each woman hears the the attention she can to the a/rit, tune belonging to her own particu- then eventually when she has done lar a/rit, she gets up and begins all he demands of her, she will rethe danse du ventre as practiced cover. A converted Moslem of by the prostitutes, covering her prominence told me recently that his mother had spent more on Zars face at the same time from the than on the education of her large gaze of all hut the lover for whose benefit it is being performed. She family. * goes on as long as the same tune continues. If she falls exhausted, Besides these superstitious pracother women will revive her and tices there are numerous customs to which women are in bondage in support her while she goes on Islam, such as those of child mar- riage and the consequent lack of again. After a while the tune will leisure for education. Another cuschange to that belonging to another tom which causes Moslem women a/rit and those who claim this one untold sorrow is the practice of as their lover will take their turn, divorce at the merest whim of the while the others rest. So it goes husband, and the taking away of on, with short intervals, until the her children. The divorced wife final sacrifice. If this is a sheep, of the Sheikh who was my friend, told me her story in bitterness of the woman for whom the Zar is heart not so much because a rival given rides round the room on it, then its throat is cut and she be- *SimUar Zat'8, I am told, are beld, but dabbles herself in the blood, while secretly, by men to propitiate female aja.rit some is sprinkled on all those and in a settlement of descendants of freed around and in the house itself. slaves near lsmailia, I have beard there are The same is done if a fowl is sacri- regular Zars in which both men and women ficed, except the riding on it. While take part together, the object of which I have dancing, or at this stage, the woIp- lIot clearly discovered. It does not appear to an may fall into an ecstasy and be open license. whatever she demands of clothes or jewelry, while in this state, must The e:IIect of these Zars on the character of be given her, as it is the a/rit who the persons concerned is very noticeable. demands them for her to make her They often become morose, irritable and more attractive to him. The silver mentally dull, while in the actual attack of rings worn by so many women and demon possession, to which all are liable, girls with colored glass in them, there is a change varying from mere anger are much sought and a frequent to absolute change of personality. I have known girls who were well known among the neighbors to be possessed by four or seven demons; they would attend any Zar and dance when- ever the tune of anyone of their special afMit was heard.

The hold of the Zar on the woman is not, I think, religious. It seems to be either a relic of primitive animism or an 11IllPOrtation from the pagan tribes of the Sudan, probably brought by slaves. The fact that the musicians are generally Sudanese, as well as the Sheik· bas, who really ha.ve 8. la.rge mesmeric power, would seem to support this idea. D. G. P.

r eigned in her place only a stone's of wealth who is in advance of her throwaway, but because her three time. Madame Sharawie meets young sons were cared for by the much opposition, especially from rival and were allowed by the father only to visit their mother. women. Under the care of this movement is a school where weav- Dark as these superstitions are, ing and home'economics are taught. it is gratifying that a small number of women who have been grop- The program of the Feminist ing their way are now coming Movement translated briefly is as A HIGH CLASS EGYPTIAN WOMAN AND follows: SERVANT IN CAIRO 1. To raise the intellectual and moral courageously to the front in their condition of woman that she may realize efforts to defy customs which so her political and social equality with mar their lives and hinder their men. progress. 2, To demand free acCESS to higher There area number of societies schools for all girls desirous of instrucof Moslem women recently sprung t i o n. up, among the most important being Fa,tat Misr el Fata, (The 3. To reform customs relative .to mar- Young Womanhood of Young riage to t he end of permitting both Egypt) and the Feminist Move- parties to become acquainted before bement, the latter headed by Madame coming engaged. Huda Sharawie, a cultured woman 4. To reform certain customs and laws to preserve woma n from the in- justice which the practice of bigamy and repudiation often cause her.

5. To promulgate a law fixing the mar- riageable age at 16.

6. To carryon active propaganda in favor of public hygiene.

7. To encourage virtue and combat vice.

8. To combat superstitions and cus- toms which do not accord with reason.

9. To propagate the ideas of the society through the voice of the press.

It must be born in mind that as yet there is no feminist movement in Egypt such as there is in many a Western country. All of these women's movements have only reached the initial stage, that is, a few individual women have at- tained a sufficient degree of cul- ture and freedom to enable them to believe in the ultimate cause and triumph of their own cause. These few women speak and write and labor incessantly with their own circle of friends, and little by little the impression that they are mak- ing is deepening. Within the last six or seven years they have been able with the help of their advanced and enlightened brothers to pro- mote the cause of education among women. Sixteen years ago there were only two Government schools

192!l] WOMEN AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS IN EGYPT

for girls in all Egypt. Now all of have come into being. These deal the large cities have several well with all questions of interest to equipped and fully staffed Govern- women and they are usually edited ment schools. Besides these each by women, chiefly in Arabic but provincial capital as well as every sometimes in French. The printed town of any importance, has its page in Egypt carries with it a well organized school for girls. tremendous amount of authority Some years ago it would have been and although the total number of impossible to find girls enough to women who can read and write is fill these schools, much less could proportionately extremely low teachers have been found to staff (Moslems .006 per cent, Copts .98 the schools. As yet there has not per cent, Protestants .232 per been much progress in securing cent), yet these women read to free access to professional schools others or discuss with others the for young women, but at the things which they have read.

present time they are admitted to It was my privilege to attend a the School of Medicine for train- meeting of the Feminist Movement ing in nursing and midwifery. which was addressed by a woman A quiet persistent education of from India. There were nearly a the general, public is going on, hundred women in attendance and which tends to permit young people the address which was given in to meet each other and become ac- English was translated into French quainted before marriage. This of and the response was made in course gives to young women much fluent French. It was indeed in- more choice in regard to marriage spiring to see a few Moslem women than formerly, when everything with so many advanced ideas in was arranged by relatives who their heads, but one is constantly were supposed to know much better saddened by the reflection that than the young people themselves without Christ there is no stability what sort of a partner they re- to this progress. Already one quired in life. Already a law has hears of suspicion and jealousy been passed fixing the marriage- among them and already Christian able age at sixteen for girls and women who have thrown in their eighteen for boys. lot with the Moslem women in seek- Probably the hardest task that ing social and political reforms these new women of Egypt have have been given to understand that set themselves is that of combating they need expect no place of leader- superstitions and customs which ship in a distinctly Moslem land.

do not accord with reason. This Without doubt Christian mis- will mean the destroying of much sions have had much to do in of the great web of Islamic life. taking the lead and setting the ex- We all understand the hold which ample in these social reform move- superstitions and customs have ments among the women of the upon the human race but few of us Orient. Many of the leaders in realize the strength of their hold Egypt have themselves been in and the terror exercised by them mission schools, and now their in many parts of the non-Christian daughters and nieces are getting world. their ideals for social service from Within the last few years a the same source. Christian mis- great many women's magazines sions are calling attention to the 2

high place that woman should oc- the community in which she lives. cupy and the influence that she Various missions in Egypt have should have in the whole com- established centers for child welmunity. Christian missions are al- fare and the training of mothers in so setting a higher standard of the care of their children. All of living. In some cases young men these efforts make a definite contrieven complain that mission-edu- bution toward the sum-total of cated girls demand better houses progress among the women of and better conditions than those of Egypt.

THE IMPORTANCE OF MISSIONS TO AFRICA* BY DR. FREDERICK P. KEPPEL President Of the Oarncgie Oorporation I HAD entirely underestimated the importance of Christian mis- sions as a factor in the development of peoples of low cultural level. In British Africa the work of the missions in the fields of elementary and higher education, of public health and hygiene, and in what may be called rural sociology, seems to be outstanding. Nor had I any conception as to the degree to which government pays directly or indirectly for such service, specifically in salaries, but in many other ways as well. The total must represent an item of major importance in mission budgets, and I question whether the supporters of missions at home appreciate either the amount involved or the responsibilities which its acceptance implies.

My impressions may be summarized as follows: first and foremost is the earnestness and devotion of the individual missionary. I do not recall a single incident of service which I could call perfunctory. Secondly, I would place the high quality of results obtained in view of the limitations existing.

All things considered, the work in the education of children and in health service is surprisingly good. The most significant step taken in this field has been the establishment of training schools for native supervisors. These are known as Jeanes schools, and are in effect a contribution from the experience of the United States in dealing with the Negro to the problems presented by the native Africans. Training of these native supervisors is based on a broad conception of community preparation for the life which the native will actually have to lead, rather than reliance, as has so often been the case, upon educational material and educational technique which have proved more or less satisfactory under whol1y different conditions. The program of the Jeanes school concentrates its attention upon the elements of agriculture, including marketing, home economics, hygiene and sanitation, the elements of construction and the practice of native arts and crafts.

"'Extracts from The InternutiQ'Ylal Review a! Missions (October, 1929). Dr. Keppel has recently visited the following parts of British Africa: Kenya, Uganda, Tanganyika, Southern Rhodesia and the Union of South Africa.

A GI,IMPSE OF NATIVE LIFE IN

ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE BY DR. H. A. KELSEY, New Concord, Ohio Tticc-Prl38ident 0/ ![uskingum Oolleue T o SUDDENDLY come into children have lived almost beyond touch with an empire of 12,- the notice of other men? That is 000,000 people, which claims the claim of present day Abys- Jewish origin and nearly two sinia, ancient Ethiopia. thousand years of Christian tra- There have been a few political dition, is disconcerting. Can it be contacts and a few "ferengies" possible that a nation of Solomon's from almost everywhere have 915

wandered in and out, but that is proud and self-reliant. Their all. Abyssinia is one of the most dress is primitive, what there is of isolated countries in the world. it; their homes small and uninvit- ing huts, and they have what we This isolation is not destined to would call a hard life, but they are continue. Abyssinia is awakening. a happy folk. Those who find any Many recent books by well-known opportunity are eager to learn, not world travelers and students of only from books, but especially natural history are creating a new concerning the great world outside. and rapidly widening interest in this hermit land. Her natural re- Social relationships are natursources are attracting attention. ally those which grow out of ages As usual a few intrepid mission- of primitive feudalism. Slaves are aries have plowed into her interior and have stirred her life from the common and their lives often bithumble slave to her lofty monarch. ingly severe, although they are not Nearly one hundred of her ambi- bought and sold openly. The tious youth are studying in nearly American word scarcely applies. two score colleges in half as many They are simply in service to their different nations of the world,hav- overlords who for lack of a better ing been 'sent out by their far-see- term they call "Big Men." It is a ing ruler, and they are compelling most colorful and interesting picthe world at large to notice this ture to see one of them out on the ancient home of Sheba's queen. highway, dressed in his clean shamma and over it the black The people of Abyssinia are woo len cloak emblematically black and primitive and some of adorned with the high horn over them border on savagery. Their the right shoulder, stately erect industries are almost entirely de- upon his white mule with his loyal voted to agriculture and stock and obedient retinue surrounding raising with methods as old as him. Walking close as they do and at attention, the man is well protime. Their educational system is tected. Some of them are armed lacking, except for a few promis- (albeit the guns are sadly out of ing mission schools, and one re- date); some are carrying burcently established at Addis Ababa dens;' some are attending the mule by King Tafari Makonen. Parts to prevent disaster if perchance of the territory are so hot and they should meet a honking Ford, sandy and dry that one feels they and all bearing mute testimony to are spawn of Sahara, and her the greatness of their master. This great lava beds speak of vast and custom is nation wide, reaching desolating volcanoes. In other re- from the lowliest plantation owner gions the towering mountains with up through the more influential almost perpendicular escarpments, business men and politicians and dropping for hundreds of feet, the various dejesmatches and crags and canons and monster rasses who govern the provinces rocks, create a feeling which James to his imperial highness, Tafari E. Baum, of the Field Museum, de- Makonen. scribes as "God-awful." It is a land of great possibility Abyssinian people are illiterate, from the standpoint of agriculture but they are also intelligent and and mineralogy. Great regions of courteous and ambitious. Mild in fertile soil stretch out to the north tone and quiet in manner, but

ABYSSINIA AN EMERGING EMPIRE

and west of the capital watered by wild life for the Field Museum at abundant rain and favored with Chicago. An endless number of an almost tropical climate, and mining experts are besieging the drained by long, winding, beauti- present king for concessions in the ful rivers. Almost anything will hope of amassing immense wealth grow in Abyssinia. Nor is it sur- from the various ores which they prising that the fauna of this emphatically declare (in private) great empire is attracting the nim- are stored in these towering mounrods of earth these days. A party tains. Hence Abyssinia is becomunder Dr. Wm. H. Osgood visited ing "infested" with white men. Abyssinia and returned with a The day when certain subtle peomost interesting display of all this ples hoped to swallow this nation DR. KELSEY A'l' 'l'HE ENTRANCE TO 'l'HE lIIISSION HOSPITAL IN ADDIS ABABA Entrance Tafari Makonen Hospital. Addis Ababa Abyssinia. This Hospital was erected by Dr.

Thos. Lambib. n U. P. Missionary to Abyssinia with mouey furnished by the late W. S. George, pottery manufacturer of East Palestine, Ohio. Dr. Kelsey in the foreground.

up without making a ripple on the Some American diplomats might political sea is past, and there is a well sit at his feet and learn. reason. Burdened with countless details There is great internal anima- which most rulers might easily tion. The empire is coming to life. delegate to others and undertaking There is a new realization of her a program far in advance of the resources and strength. The chief vision of his countrymen, yet he source of her new life is her reign- has plenty of time and endless ing king, Tafari Makonen, a young patience. At the first approach he dynamo. .He works very quietly, seems weary and burdened, but but is starting wheels to spin, the flash of his eye and his quick turning on the lights of education response at once indicate that he is awake and alert. A WELL DRESSED MATRON IN A HIGH CLASS ABYSSINIAN HO:-'lE His reception hall and dining room, splendid but not gorgeous, and religion, calling attention to have welcomed men and women the nation's vast wealth and en- from the courts of all the civilized couraging his people to help him nations and these doors have been utilize it. Perhaps if all mon- likewise open to hundreds from archies could be ruled by such the humble walks of life. Among kings, there would be more mon- his friends Americans are cordialarchies. This young ruler is indeed ly received and not all who have a royal host. Although his life has enjoyed his hospitality have carbeen spent in "darkest Africa," his ried government commissions. Nor whole attitude and generous hos- have they all represented great popitality reveals the heart of a litical or commercial power. The gentleman. Beset with much sel- quiet missionary; the teacher of fish intrigue and a network of in- his "boys" overseas: the ambitious ternational complications, he deals engineer. and the humble artisan thoughtfully and kindly with all. have all been warmed by his gentle hospitality and they have found a ready listener to any message they have brought.

His greatest interest is reserved for those who seek to help him build an educational system and awaken the life of the ancient Cop- tic church to a real service for all Abyssinia. Ethiopia is emerging into something very different from the life it has known for 3,000 years, and no young man in the world needs more the prayers and encouragement 0 f Christians everywhere than this real friend of youth and life-the recently crowned King of ancient Ethiopia. His key position and his genuine Christian ideals mean much to the modern world.

WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC WAY?

BY HOWARD A. BANKS Editor of ((Chri-st Life"

PAUL preached the Gospel in there some years ago and went to Asia and EUrope, and passed London to undertake the task of on, leaving a native church, be- telling the Christian world how he hind him in the cities he visited. believes the globe can be evangel- ized in a generation if Pauline Sometimes he revisited and en- methods are employed. couraged that native church, but he left the responsibility on the For eight years the World Doshoulders of the local elders. minion Press of London has sought to keep the Christian world posted Twenty-eight years ago John R. with up-to-date information about Mott issued his challenge in his the unreached fields, cooperating "Evangelization of the World in with aU mission enterprise, in This Generation." It thrilled the order to secure this information, Church like a blast from Roland's and to inspire men and women to horn to his battle hosts. He go out into these Gospel-needy showed in several chapters the pos- areas in the Pauline, New Testasibility of it in view of the achieve- ment way. ments of the first generation of Christians; in view of some mod- Old Missions Dig In Too Deep ern missionary achievements; in view of the opportunities, facili- "The majority of the already ties and resources of the Church, existing missions," says Dr. Coch- and the burning conviction of lead- rane, "are doing an intensive work.

ers of the Church that it could be In their beginnings they had a done. That book was published in vision no doubt that reached over 1901. If a generation is about vast spaces, but after getting thirty-three years, then that gen- established they become more or eration ends in 1934. So but five less localized. They are doing this years remain to finish the task! intensive work around their sta- How nearly is it completed? tion or compound. There is no end Vast areas with millions of pop- to its intensiveness. You know ulation in Tibet, Afghanistan, you can do a vast deal for one man Central Africa, Amazonia, Central -for a comparatively few. They Europe, Western Asia, India, New have built pretentious and expen- Guinea and many smaller islands si;ve buildings oftentimes, and have of the sea remain untouched. been gradually led on to consider A volume could be written to that they are limited as to the area show why the work is still unfin- they can evangelize. They have ished. Can it be done· within dug in."

another generation from now? World evangelizers need to get Dr. Thomas Cochrane, a Scotch- away from the long followed plan man who labored for 22 years in of curtailing the work, even recaII- North China with the rich blessing ing missionaries, because the home of God upon his work, resigned board gets in debt, or of sending from his medical mission work out an extra missionary or two on 919

a little spurt if there has been an Jew and Greek and Barbarian unusually generous year back alike."

home. A fuller use of the native 3. A new era is dawning upon church will help vastly to solve the the world. There are new inven- problem of advance and of giving tions. Men are thinking new millions more the opportunity of thoughts and following new meth- learning that they have a Saviour ods. If we would properly per- who died for them. form our task, we must follow the Continents or great national methods of St. Paul. "The oldest areas need to be studied as a whole missions are the most expensive,"

by every mission at work on them, declares Dr. Cochrane, "and mis- and the evangelization coordinated sionary enterprise is tending to be- in a better cooperation. Mission come more and more expensive in work has gone on in too haphazard operation. The London Mission- a way in this regard. The parcel- ary Society in which I served for ing out of the mission fields among years has arranged to transfer one the various boards has not proved of its missions after one hundred as advantageous as hoped, and in years to a neighboring missionary some instances jealousy of this society, in order to cut down ex- possession has led missions who pense. It suggests a sort of mer- actually could not do the work chandise transaction, and grieves from allowing others to go in who me."

could. 4. An "indigenous church" is a Some of the foundation princi- vital necessity. "This transfer is ples of this plan are emphasized a result of not having established by Dr. Cochrane: and cultivated an indigenous 1. The Christian Church has church. This is a phrase coming never tapped the resources of an more and more into use in mission- omnipotent God. The principle of ary reports and writings. That is atomic energy needs to be applied partly because of the interest our by the Church in a spiritual sense. little group has created and circu- With an omnipotent God the im- lated in its literature. It is dis- possible is possible-even the evan- appointing how few can define gelization of the world in a gen- what an "indigenous church" is.

eration. But this power cometh A Splendid Example not save by prayer and fasting.

2. In the Kingdom of God there "Without a live indigenous is no nationality. "I was standing church the task of world evangel- on a hilltop in China once," says ization is impossible. When we Dr. Cochrane, "having an interview speak of the untouched fields we with a leading Chinese Christian. think of Tibet, Afghanistan, Cen- As the setting sun made a golden tral Africa, and the South Amer- path of glory in the sky, we talked ican Indians, perhaps, but we have of spiritual things. I forgot that little conception of the vast un- he was Chinese and he that I was reached masses surrounding most a Scotchman. Bare soul touched of the long established mission bare soul. In Christ there is work in all foreign fields. In neither Jew nor Greek. In the Japan the rural regions are prac- little time there is left to me to tically untouched. One Christian work I desire to pay my debt to to nine or ten million is still un-

SHALL WE FOLLOW THE APOSTOLIC WAY?

evangelized. In Korea, China, 7. Many have made the mistake Russia, Asia, the progress of mis- of building great colleges, often at sions is slow as compared with the huge expense, to offer a finished growth of the population. Only a culture to the native converts.

corner of Mongolia is touched. A When we have created an indige- whole generation has passed since nous church, the Godly native Gilmour went in, labored and died. Christians themselves have trained Unless we speed up, the Russian their children in Christian homes, Red may make the work impos- and these children have become sible. leaders in evangelizing their com- "India has 40,000,000 unreached munities.

population with all its missions, "If we can persuade others to Indo-China 18,000,000. We have get this vision and cooperate, we been singing for ages about Cey- believe we can see the world evan- lon's spicy breezes, and as we sing gelized in this generation. A we do not realize there are a mil- young native convert on a field we lion or more without the Gospel in are in touch with, complained re- that island. gretfully that he could only deal "Missionaries are going to with four or five hundred people places easy of access. Arabia and in six months! If every native North Africa are the keystone of evangelist would do that much, Islam, and they are hard fields. vast progress would be made. Op- North and Central Africa is 90 per portunity is slipping away. A cent Islamic." large village in Africa not long ago 5. The missionary societies have asked for a Christian teacher.

been thinking in terms of needs- None was available, and in a year not need. The missionary purpose that village was entirely Moham- is singlar, not plural. We think medan.

of the medical need, the educa- "Our idea is to have a capital tional need, and the like. But there fund, the interest tc be used in se- is only one need-lost souls. If we curing and disseminating infor- can meet the one fundamental mation, and keeping it up-to-date, need, all subordinate needs will be and to aid as far as possible, those met. who will adopt our methods, Paul's 6. Material resources are not methods-not the static method absolutely essential to an indige- nor the stipendiary system. The nous church. Missionary advance more largely we can interest God's work has all too much been de- people to put up the money, the pendent on the amount of money more we can accomplish. All the home church has annually been these plans and resources are of able to send out. But the impor- course useless apart from the help tant thing is spontaneous expan- of the Spirit of God."

sion. A wonderful change comes A man in sympathy with this into the life when a man or woman Apostolic method went to a mission is really converted. He or she has in China, and refused to look at the got a tremendous secret of life and fine school buildings and the neat hope which must be poured out church. He amazed the missionary into the first willing ear. That group by saying, "I only want to was the way the early church ex- see your unfinished task as shown panded. in the unreached multitudes."

MISSIONARIES IN BORNEO*

BY REV. R. A. JAFFRAY, Wuchow, China O VER a year ago, pressed in Christians may worship and there spirit for the lost in the had been a Chinese Church, but it South Sea Islands, the writer had sickened and died three years set forth to visit some of the un- previous. There seemed to be no reached parts of the vast mission aggressive witness of the Gospel in field of the Dutch East Indies. Re- this great cosmopolitan centre.

turning after two months travel- Thank God a Chinese pastor, S. W.

ling, four cities were especially Chue, has been laboring in Makas- laid on his heart. Night and day sar since July, 1928.

the words "Samarinda," "Balik- In Surabaya, the great com- papan," "Makassar," and "Sura- mercial centre of Eastern Java, baya" sounded in his ears. The called by the Chinese Sz-shui (Four darkness of those four places is Waters) , there is considerable probably in the order in which Christian Christian work and we they are named here, and we de- were pleased to meet a company of termined by the grace of God to earnest Cantonese Christians, but do our utmost to bring the Gospel they were a little flock of sheep Light to those who sit in "dark· without a shepherd. They had no ness and in the shadow of death." Chinese leader or preacher and Samarinda and Balik-papan, are pled with me to send them a located on the east coast of Borneo. Chinese worker from China. An- Here darkness reigned. There was other of our Wuchow Bible School no witness for Christ in either of graduates, Mr. T. H. Loh, has been these cities or any of the surround- called to this church and is now doing and neighboring cities on the ing excellent work in Surabaya.

east coast of Borneo. The doctrine Thus, to sum up what the Lord of "the false prophet," Moham- has done in the past twelve months med, and heathenism abounded. for these four cities: First, a suit- We sent forth the challenging call able Chinese preacher has been a year ago-"Who will open a found for Surabaya; Second, Pas- Gospel Hall for the Lord Jesus in tor S. W. Chue has reopened the Samarinda and Balik-papan?" The work in Makassar and has gathered call has been answered first by a little company of Chinese Chris- Chinese evangelists, who, thank tians around him; Third, Mr. C.

God, are now located there as the Y. Lam, with his family, are first missionaries of the Cross of located at Samarinda; and fourth, Christ. we hope that Mr. K. L. Lin will In Makassar, the capital of the take up the work at Balik-papan.

Celebes, there is a Dutch Protes- So we thank God that these four tant Church, where also Malay "other cities also" are hearing the *A ypar ago t1w "'Tilf'!" made his first trip glad sound of the Gospel. to fhp j)nfl'h J,:<I~t I!lCIi~8. I hnve HOW ]"P- The recent trip to the Dutch ('('ntly returllt'ti from a second trip, made with East Indies had for its first purtla~ Jll1r.])()Sf~ of placing two new Chinese mis- pose the locating of Mr. C. Y. Lam SiOllHl'i{'s on the field. rrhey are located on and Mr. K. L. Lin in their new work. the east coast of Borneo, where Gospel Halls ure- being- oppned in the cities of Samarinda and Balik-papall.-R. A. J.

922 Before leaving Wuchow, a solemn Negotiations for the new chapel dedicatory service was held when being closed, I at once left for a a number of Chinese leaders and trip to the interior. The name of missionary brethren laid their the river motor boat was the hands upon the heads of these two "Dyak" and this name embodied young men in the Name of the the object of our trip to the in- Lord. A farewell service was held terior. Samarinda is situated on in Hongkong, attended by five hun- the Mahakam River about eighty dred Chinese Christians. The meet- miles from the coast. The "Dyak"

ing was in a sense something carried us another 220 miles into unique in the history of our the interior of Borneo to a city Chinese work. It was a real called Long Iram. We will not take Chinese foreign missionary fare- time in this article to describe this well service. Many such meetings trip, but will leave it for a later have been held as Chinese workers article. The entire interior of left for a needy field in their own Borneo up this river is without one country, but probably this was the witness of the Gospel of Christ.

first time that Chinese mission- We passed a score of towns on the aries had been sent forth to a way, inhabited by Malays, Arabs, foreign land as missionaries of the Indians, Chinese and Dyaks. In Cross to bring the Gospel not only each town there was a Moham- to their own people, but with the medan mosque, but no Gospel Hall.

purpose of learning a foreign lan- The Dyaks, the aboriginal tribes- guage and preaching Christ to an- men of the interior of Borneo, other race. The missionary meeting have been crowded from the coast lasted two hours and a half. and even from the banks of the In a most wonderful way the river and have made their dwell- Lord led us to a suitable place to ing away in the interior, in the serve as a chapel the day after we mountains and jungles of Central arrived in Samarinda. We knew Borneo.

only one Chinese Christian in this The trip required one week and city, a Fukienese merchant, whom on returning to Samarinda the last we met last year. He and his of the work on the repairs of the family, especially his mother, who Chapel were about complete. On had at one time been a Bible woman Sunday, the 24th of February, a in Fukien Province, were delighted solemn but joyful service was held when they heard that our Chinese in the new Chapel to dedicate it brethren had really come to stay, to the Lord for service. Mr. C. Y.

and to establish His work in Sama- Lam, his wife and mother, Mr.

rinda. Mr. Chong did all that he K. L. Lin, and two Christians, one could to assist us in our search for from Fukien and one from Canton a suitable place to rent. The place Province, and the writer were to which the Lord directed us was present.

given us at a reasonable figure and Mr. Leland Wang, one of China's is suitable both as a home for the most consecrated Gospel preachers Chinese missionaries and also a and an evangelist who has had a Gospel Hall. It took a week to ministry in the salvation of souls clean the place up, and make cer- all over China, in response to a tain slight repairs. In the mean- clear call left China early in De- time we lived in a Chinese inn. cember for the South Seas. After

three months service for the Lord China, and the Islands of the South in the cities of Cochin-China, Cam- Seas converse together in the combodia, Malaysia, Java, and Celebes, mon Malay tongue. Even Chinese speaking in no less than twenty- from different parts of their own six centres, Brother Wang arrived country find it convenient to speak in Balik-papan, Borneo, on Febru- to one another in Malay. Pray that ary 28th, a place which the writer these two young men may become visited a year ago. During the real Malay scholars and able minthree days' sojourn there, two more isters of the Gospel. Chinese Christians were found and the time was well spent with them. At the farewell meeting in Hong- We tried to arrange a public meet- kong, reference was made to the ing for the Chinese, but the time meaning of the names of these was too short. We were able, how- young men. Mr. Lam's name ever, on Mr. Wang's arrival to Ching-ye means "Witness for gather these few Christians to- Jesus." Mr. Lin's name Kwonggether and exhorted them from the lan means "Coming of Light." Word of God. Mr. Leland Wang is from Fukien and these Chinese It is interesting to note how Christians are from Canton, there- these two young men were called fore he could speak to them, not in to Borneo. One morning in Novemtheir own language, but in English ber, 1928, the writer was heavily which the writer interpreted into burdened for Borneo. Suddenly Cantonese. We urged the four the thought came to me that if Christians of Balik-papan to rent a foreign missionaries are not yet pl~lCe where regular meetings could available why not send Chinese be held and we trust that our new- mlsslOnaries to these "other ly arrived Chinese workers in cities"? At once these two young Samarinda will be aWe to minister men came vividly to mind. At the to them and that ere long a Gospel time one was employed as a Hall will be opened in Balik-papan preacher in a Chinese Church in also. There are 3,000 Chinese in Hongkong and the other was folthis city. lowing a rather ambitious educa- tion course. We could do but one Our two Chinese missionaries thing-commit them to the Lord of are commencing at once in a the Harvest. At once He began to thorough course of study in the work in the hearts and lives of Malay language. This is to be these men and it was not long betheir chief work for the first year fore ·they were set free, not by human manipulation, but by the at least. In the meantime they will, Hand of God. They both made full of course, when formal permission surrender of themselves to Christ from the Dutch Colonial Govern- in laying down all personal ambiment is obtained, commence to tions in view of His call to service preach in their own Cantonese in Borneo. tongue, to the Chinese. A much greater field of usefulness, how- The "wild man" of the interior ever, will open to them as soon as of Borneo and the Celebes still they are able to preach in the Ma- calls, "Come over and help us." lay language. These cities are "the Many of the Islands of the South melting pot" of the Far East, but Seas still wait for the Light of all varieties from India, from the Gospel. Their cry also comes today, "Come over and help us."

SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF

WHAT CAN THE PARIAH CHRISTIANS Do?

BY MRS. W. W. DUFF, Kasur, Panjab " T Mi88i(}nafY oj the Presbyterian Board af Fore'ign MissiQ"ns churches. EN thousand Christians in ing, self-propagating one small district of Kasur! Why this state of affairs?

Then isn't the missionary's For a generation Christian mis- job there about finished? Why sionaries had been assailing the not move out, and let those ten strongholds of Hinduism and Mo- thousand evangelize the others 7" hammedanism in this district, but That is a fair question. It is one only here and there, and a,t long in- that we have been asking ourselves. tervals, had they succeeded in mak- If Jesus could trust the evangeliza- ing even the smallest breach in tion of the world to his handful of those stubborn walls of caste prej- followers, why not leave the Chris- udice. In-bred pride of birth tianization of Kasur district of the rebelled against the doctrine of Panjab to the, ten thousand of His universal brotherhood, and the baptized followers already scat- iron chains of caste and custom tered through her three hundred restrained even those few who villages? Has the missionary be- would have adventured into the come too officious, endeavoring to new religion. They had nothing to steady the ark of God with a nerv- gain, and everything to lose by any ously solicitous hand? Before change, so, in anger or disdain, trying to answer the question, let they shook their heads and turned us take a look at the quality, as well away.

as the quantity of the Christians But always, just skirting the in Kasur. outer edges of those hostile high For the past three years Mr. caste crowds, had been a sprink- Duff and I have known the privi- ling of the despised and outcaste leges and provocations of district serfs, listening too. They had been work in the heart of the "mass- told that God and religion were movement" area of the Panjab. By outside their pale. Their dulled "mass movement" we mean that minds were not expected to grapple singular epidemic of conversions to with theology. But one thing they Christianity which twenty years caught, that for some amazing ago was bringing men, not indi- reason, the missionary treated vidually, but by whole communities them as men. Here was, apparent- at a time, into the new religion. ly, a friend. Perhaps he could and Most of our ten thousand Chris- would do something to help them tians, (which is a larger number, out of their degradation and pov- I believe, than in any other district erty. Perhaps he would use his in the province) were inherited, influence with government to get ready-made, from previous genera- them land of their own, or would tions of missionaries. Yet we find take their part against the oppres- ourselves still struggling to build sion of the land holders. It was an ignorant and inert mass of worth a try, anyhow. They, at least, semi-heathenism into self-support- had nothing to lose, and might 925

gain much by any change, so, get his living from such people, with motives sometimes entirely is taking a step of heroic faith. He worldly, or badly mixed, they be- suffers uncertainty and real priva- gan to come. Timidly at first, by tion. Can we, with comfortable twos and threes they came, suf- incomes from a mission board, ex- fering in the beginning some os- pect an Indian fellow worker to tracism from their own brother- make such sacrifice? And yet, by hoods. Then by whole families, continuing his support, are we not and villages en masse, they clam- pauperizing his church? The di- ored for admission to the Kingdom. lemma is real.

The missiOnary, facing that Second comes the problem of il- eager mob almost single-handed, literacy, coupled with almost total was baffled by the enormity of his indifference to education. The opportunity and his problem. difficulties of church management Looking back after twenty years, in an illiterate group are well illus- it is easy to say that he made a trated by an incident in one of our mistake in letting down the bars village congregations. An elder which normally condition baptism, was to be elected. Nominations and in admitting many who scarce- were numerous. The blue book ly understood what it was all says "elect by ballot," but scarcely about. But in his place, would we three members of the community have found it possible or right to could read or write. Mr. Duff had discourage that dimly-conscious, to resort to the device of having blind groping for something the whole congregation file past higher? To numbers, the adoption him, and whisper in his ear the of Christianity undoubtedly meant name for which each wished to a spiritual re-birth; at least it vote.

brought to all, for the first time, Schools are being established for a taste of self-respect, a hopeful Christians, but the people who looking up, a stirring of deadened have been denied the privileges of ambitions. Was not all that worth education for unnumbered genera- conserving at some price? tions, are slow to see its value, and There was the price, and we are they feel the need of the money paying it now. The present mis- their children could earn out of sionary has fallen heir to a per- school. We visited a school one plexing and discouraging situation morning shortly after 10 A. M. and which has resulted from this leni- were surprised to find, of the thir- ent policy. He faces the task of teen boys enrolled, only two pres- integrating all this unpromising ent, and no teacher in evidence. He material into a vigorous, self-con- had gone, the two boys told us, to scious, expanding, Spirit-moved round up the missing eleven if he church. Can it be done? could. He had to do that sort of In the first place he encounters thing nearly every morning, in the distressing poverty of the order to have any school at all.

people. What hope of a self-sup- A still deeper difficulty lies in porting church among men desti- the low ethical standards among tute of bread enough to satisfy the outcaste people from whom their own hunger? A Christian these Christians come. While evangelist who cuts himself off Hindus and Mohammedans come from mission support, expecting to far enough short of Christian

THE SELF-EVANGELIZATION OF INDIA

standards of honesty and purity, ual awareness, and much engross- in their case, public opinion puts ment in worldly matters. Many of some restraint on unsocial im- the men come to us, not to learn pulses. The outcaste, however, is of God, but hoping to get land. scarcely expected to bother with Sixty-five families in Luliani went morals at all. It is taken for grant- over to the Roman Catholics a few ed that he will steal if he gets a years ago, because they had the chance, and be as promiscuous in idea that the Roman Catholics were sex relations as opportunity offers. going to give them land; when the Such things have scarcely yet be- land failed to materialize, they come a matter of conscience among came back to us a year later. The some of the uninstructed Chris- women interrupt the Scripture lestians. One young woman who was son to ask if we are never going to put forward for baptism, was take these baskets of cow-dung off asked her husband's name. The evangelist (himself of pariah their heads, their badge of servibirth), pointed out a young man in tude. Can we blame them? If the group and said: "That is the wealth and luxury give birth to man she is living with, though she materialism, no less do ugly povis not married to him. But he is a erty and a desperate scramble for Christian, so he wants her to be bread smother the finer instincts one too." of the soul. Is it possible for the new Christian, scarcely removed Mr. Duff turned in some indig- from the pariah, living on a dungnation to the evangelist. "And do heap, spat upon and cursed, houndyou consider such a woman fit for ed by want, to be spiritually church membership? And do you minded? Possible perhaps, but countenance such conduct in a very difficult. Christian man?" Growing out of all these other "Well, you see, it really isn't difficulties is the last hindrance I their fault," explained the evange- shall mention, to the upbuilding of list, placatingly. "They would like a self-propagating Panjabi church, to be married, but she has a hus- and that is the lack of any sense band who refuses to grant her a of responsibility for the Christiandivorce, so what can they do 7" izing of their high caste neighbors; that is considered the job of the Related to their unmoral stand- mission-paid agent, or the missionards, is the materialistic view- ary. It has not occurred to them point of these people. America has that it should be their work. To been hearing much lately, through anyone with insight into caste psy- Stanley Jones and others, of the chology the reason is clear. That spiritual sensitiveness of the In- these despised serfs should suddendian. And true it is that the caste ly assume the role of religious in- Hindu, of whom he speaks, is structors of their masters, is an capable of a personal and mystic idea so preposterous as to be alspirituality, a detached other- together unthinkable. worldliness, which is usually quite unrelated to social ethics, and air- I shall never forget my first ily free from any sense of respon- experience with the problem in sibility for his outcaste neighbors. Kasur district. It had been my But in my experience with outcaste practice each day to visit first the communities, I find little of spirit- Christian section of the village,

and after meeting with the women son of the missionary reaching out there, to make a call or two in the a hand to lift up the untouchables.

non-Christian homes in the more We already see the results of the aristocratic quarter. One day I lesson in the many reform move- conceived the plan of taking some ments springing up among the of the Christian women with me, Hindus and Mohammedans, with and giving them a small share in the purpose of reclaiming the presenting the message, by singing pariah.

a hymn or two. Strange to say, the In the second place, outcaste only opposition I met was not from work, in spite of its discourage- offended high caste hostesses, but ments, has justified itself in the from the timidly reluctant Chris- production here and there of out- tian women. At first it was hard standing Christian leaders, who even to get them to understand have gained prestige even among what I wanted. When asked to lead the highest castes by their up- the way to some non-Christian rightness and ability. There is, home, they took me a few doors too, a gradual raising of the whole to another Christian home. economic level of these people.

When with coaxing and exhort- This is due, in part, to education ing, I got them at last to the door and to the increased independence of a Hindu home, they fled in a of Christian communities fostered panic, when they heard footsteps by their new self-respect. In some approaching. Eventually I led them quarters mission and government into the courtyard. The hostess, have successfully led in certain ag- perhaps for my sake, was gracious ricultural experiments, such as to them, and even asked them to chicken raising and tenant-farm- sit down, but they were too dumb- ing in land newly opened by canals.

founded to do it. Instead, they But best of all, there is growing up lined themselves up in a row in these villages a standard of life against the wall, and refused to called Christian, which is definitely open their mouths. I had to sing higher than the standard that pre- my hymns alone after all. How vails for the outcaste, and in some long will it take even ten thousand respects higher than Hindu and of such Christians to evangelize the Mohammedan ideals.

rest of Kasur? But the missionary's task is not What shall we do about it? Give yet completed. We must Chris- up these outcastes and concentrate tianize the outcaste, grapple with on the higher classes? I think not. great living problems of his pov- In the first place, there could be no erty, his ignorance, his unmorality, more effective method for demon- his unspirituality, and his sense of strating to the high castes the real inferiority. That is a task to chal- meaning of Christianity, than by lenge the faith and courage of man, setting before them this object les- a task impossible without God.

When Gordon Maxwell, a missionary to India, asked a Hindu pundit if he would teach him his language, the Hindu pundit replied, "No, sahib, I will not teach you my language. You would make me a Christian." Gordon Maxwell replied, "You misunderstand me. I simply am asking you if you would teach me your language." The Hindu replied again, "No, sahib, I will not teach you. No man can live with you and not become a Christian."

AUTHOR AND KURDS IN FRONT OF THEIR TYPlf'AI, RFlI,m-WALLl'lD

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN BY REV. DWIGHT M. DONALDSON, Ph.D., D.D., Meshed, Persia / CCORDING to early Persian The fact that Iraq and Khorasan f i geographers and astrologers, are governed by the greatest of the world is divided into the heavenly bodies mentioned seven climates. TltIe word climate would suggest the Magian ori- came into Persian as well as into gin of this divisioI of the climates, English from the Greek, but there for the fourth climate, thus spe- is also an old Persian word, kish- cially honored was their own. And war, which is used in much the the name Khorasan, "the land of same meaning. Each of these seven the sun," the most eastern prov- climates was considered to be par- ince of the old Sassanian empire, ticularly under the influence of one indicates that this astrological divof the planets. Saturn dominates ision of the world is a very ancient over Hindustan, the first climate; one.

China and Khota, which make up The old city of Kuchan lies about the second climate, are ruled by eight miles from the site of the Jupiter; Turkestan, the third c1i- modern town. The old city was mate, is assigned to Mars; the sun known as Khabushan, which in the governs Iraq and Khorasan, the thirteenth century the Mongols fourth climate; Transoxiana, the pronounced Kuchan. It is menfifth climate, is subject to Venus; tioned as early as 1340 A. D. by Greece and the Turkish Empire the Arab geographer Mustawfi as (Rum) make up the sixth climate a "medium sized town of the under Mercury; and the "hyper- Fourth Clime." He relates that it borean regions" are the seventh was reported to have many declimate, which fs under the author- pendencies, and that in the govern- ity of the moon. ment registers the district had the 3 9~

name of Usta (or Ustava), mean- these brethren (as they are seldom ing probably "the Highland." without), he that is overcome, if he be not slaine, flieth to the field Kuchan was destroyed in the with such companie of men as will course of the Mongol invasions, followe him, and there liveth in but was restored by Hulagu Khan, the wildernesse resorting to waterand by his grandson, Arghun ing places, and so robbethand Khan, many additional buildings spoileth as many Caravans 'Of Mar~ were erected. The climate is de- chants and others as they be able scribed as excellent, with abundant to overcome, continuing in this crops of wheat, cotton, grapes and sort of wicked life, until such time fruit. The river Atrak passes as he may get power and aide to Kuchan and flows on to the Dihi- invade s 0 m e of his brethren stan frontier, and thence to the Caspian Sea. "Its length is 120 againe." leagues: it is a very deep river , At Urgence Master Jenkinson and hardly anywhere is it possible was the guest of Ali Sultan, one to ford it. On its banks, for the of the brothers of Azim Khan, and most part, the traveler is never he remarks that his host had but lately "returned from a town free from fear of high'waymen." * called Corasan (which is Meshed, the capital of Khorasan), within It is this 'remark about the high- the borders of Persia, which he had waymen that gives the key to the conquered from the Persians, with study of all this district dUring the whom he and the rest of the kings last six hundred years. The Eng- of Tartaria have continual wars." lish traveler, Master Anthonie Mention is also made of a terrible Jenkinson, who made an adventur- plague that swept this country in ous journey in 1558 from Moscow the year 1558, when more than one to Bokhara, describes the Turko- hundred thousand of the Turkomans whom he encountered in this mans perished.- region. All the land from the Caspian Sea to the city of Urgence, he That in some respects the tribes said, was called the land of the o f Turkomans resembled the Turkoman, and was subject to a American Indians may be seen certain Azim Khan and his five from a further quotation of this brothers. It was not a case of gen- English traveler's description of eral family cooperation, however, the life he found them living in "for everyone will be king in his the sixteenth century. "From the own portion, and one brother seek- Caspian Sea unto the . castle of eth always to' destroy another, Sellizure aforesaid, and all. the having no natural love among countries about the said sea, the them, by reason that they are be- people live without towne or habigotten of divers women, and com- tation in the wilde fields, removing monly they are the children of from one place to another in great shives, either Christians or Gen- companies wit h their cattel, tiles, which the father doeth keep whereof they have great store, as as concubines, and every Can or camels, horses, and sheep, both Sultan hath at least four or five tame and wilde. Their sheep· are wives, besides yong maidens and of great stature and with great boyes, living most viciously: and buttocks, weighing sixty or eighty when there are warres betwixt pour-ds in weight. There are many .yustnwfi. p. 149 and 205.

19291 THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

wilde horses which the Tartars do son, in order to gain opportunity many times kill with their hawkes, to establish his own government in and that in this order. The Persia, Shah 'Abbas 1. ceded sevhawkes are lured to sease upon the eral of his western provinces (Adbeasts neckes or heads, which with harbaijan, Shahrizur, and Lurischafing of themselves and sore tan) to the Turks. Twenty-two beating of the hawkes are tired: years later, however, when he had then the hunter following his game grown more powerful, he recovdoeth slay the horse with his ered most of this territory, and in order to protect his northeast borarrow or sword. In all this land der from the raids of the Turkothere groweth no grasse, but it cer- mans, he transported 15,000 Kurds tain brush or heath, whereon the to the frontier of Khorasan. Colcattel feeding become very fat. onies of Kurds were established at three points,-Bujnurd, Kuchan, "The Tartars never ride with- and Darrah Gaz. They were of out their bow, arrowes, and sword, the Zafaranlu tribe, and the largest although it be on hawking, or at Kurdish settlement was at Kuchan, any other pleasure, and they are under the hereditary rule of one good' archers both on horseback of their own chiefs, who was known as the Ilkhani. and on foote also. These people have not the use of golde, silver, A modern Persian writer, Mirza or any other coyne, but when they Muhammad Taqi Khan (Ganj lacke apparell or other neces- Danish, p. 370), in his account of saries, they barter their cattell for Kuchan, designates it as one of the same. Bread they have none, the chief cities of the Kurdish disfor they neither till nor sow: they trict of Khorasan, with a populabe great devourers of fiesh, which tion of five or six thousand famithey cut in small pieces, and eat lies. He says, however, that most it by ha,ndfuls most greedily, and of these Kurds lived in villages especially the horseflesh. Their outside the city. The geographer chiefest drinke is mares milk Yakut relates that in his day (1225 sowred, as I have said before of A. D.), there were ninety-three the Nagayans, and they wilbe villages that belonged to Kuchan. drunk with the same. They have The whole plain was noted for its no rivers nor places of water in fertility, and beyond, to the east, this countrey, until you come to was the Nisa district, the modern thEdoresaid gulf, distant from the Darrah Gaz, which was the place place of our landing twenty days where for many years the Parthian journey and more. They eat their kings were buried. It is probable meate upon the ground, sitting that the city of Nisa was located with their legs double under them, where we now find the modern and so also when they pray. Art Muhammadabad, which is the or science they have none, but live principal town of Darrah Gaz (Le most idlely, sitting ro.und in great companies in the fields, devising Strange, "Lands of the Eastern and talking most vaineiy" ("The Caliphate," p. 394, note 2). Principal Voyages of the English Nation," Hakluyt Society, Every- The English traveler Fraser, in mans editions, vol. i, p. 450, 451). the account of his journey to Khorasan 'in 1825, observed that In 1590 A. D., a few years after water boiled in Kuchan at two the journey of Anthonie Jenken-

degrees lower temperature than in inhabitants of villages liable to Meshed, and accordingly he esti- their incursions." The prisoners mated its altitude to be over 4,000 they took were usually sold to the feet, or 1,000 feet higher than Uzbeks in Khiva and were often Meshed. While Fraser was in cruelly tortured. He cites the ac- Kuchan he had friendly association count of the embassy of General with the Ilkhani and his people. Mouravien to Khova in 1819-20, He mentions espesially the ex- who reported that there was some- treme hatred that these tribes, who thing like 30,000 captives in the had been located on the border by khanate of Khiva who had been Shah 'Abbas I., of the Safawi sold into slavery by the Turko- dynasty, came to have for the mans, who were known as the princes of the succeeding dynasty, "man-stealing Turks." M. Fer- the Kajars. On the other hand, rier also gives the following ac- the Kurds of Kuchan and the sur- count of how they organized their rounding villages were raided raids; from time to time by the Turko- "When a chief is determined to mans, but to be visited by the make a foray, he plants his lance, Kajar princes, accompanied by surmounted by his colors, into the bands of troops, was equally disas- ground in front of his tent, and trous. a crier invites all good Mussul- In 1837 'Abbas Mirza made a mans, in the name of the Prophet, special expedition into Khorasan to range themselves under his banto put down these rebellious chiefs, ner, and join in the raid upon the the most obstinate of whom was the Ilkhanf of Kuchan. The city Persian infidels.* His wishes, was besieged and taken and the Ilkhani was deposed. There was however, are no law to any of the much destruction at this time, but tribe, for the Turkoman enjoys as the Persian forces pressed on the most perfect liberty, and those to Sarrakhs and defeated the only who have confidence in their Solar Turkoman, liberating three chief ride up and strike their lances into the ground near his, the signal that the volunteer has de- thousand Persian captives who cided to follow his fortunes. When the chief thinks that he has aswere being sold from there as sembled a sufficient number of men slaves, we are led to suspect that to insure the success of the expedithe Kajar kings realized that the tion, he names that day month as Kurds had shown a disposition to the day of departure, this time becompromise with the Turkomans, and were not proving to be the ef- ing required for each man to get fective barrier that Shah 'Abbas his horse into that high state of condition without which he could had intended. not support the extraordinary A Terror to Travelers fatigue and hardships he has to A French military adventurer, undergo. .

M. Ferrier, who was in this part "During this month the forage of Persia in 1845 (Ferrier, "Cara- of a horse for twenty-four hours van Journeys Through Persia," p. consists of six pounds of hay or 81-85), remarks that "these Turk- clover-hay and about three pounds omans are, and with reason, a • The Turkomans are Bunni Muhammadans and the Persians belong to the Shi'ites. great terror to travelers and the

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

of barley, or one-half the ordinary days the animal is capable of sup- quantity of corn. This reduces the porting the longest forced marches.

animal considerably in flesh, which Then, and not till then, their mas- is the object in view, the first step ters mount them and prepare for in his training; his pace improves the work of pillage.

under it, and he is thus prepared "Previously to this, however, for the strengthening and some- they look out for some hiding place what singlar food which he is sub- fortified by nature, which will fur- sequently to have. nish them with a secure retreat "The horse is then put to his full under adverse eventualities. While speed for half an hour every day, they are quietly resting themselves and is not fed until some consider- and their horses here, three or able time after he comes in: very four are detached from the band little water is given him, and if he to ascertain, if possible, whether is eager to drink it is a sign that any caravans are likely to pass.

he ought to fast a little longer; Sometimes these scouts will join but this training never exceeds a the kafila in the guise of inoffen- month. The thirty days having sive travelers, and as they go along elapsed, the Turkomans take the take very good care to find out the field, each of them with two horses; nature and value of the merchan- the one, the charger, which has dise, the number of armed men, been trained in the manner de- etc., and then suddenly disappear scribed; the other, a yaboo, or in- and convey this information to ferior animal used for burden, their companions. Though the which the Turkoman mounts on Turkomans do not run much risk leaving his aoul, encampment, and in such reconnaissances, they pre- which carries him to the Persian fer, for prudence sake, to obtain territory; the other follows him this information from Persians liv- without saddle or bridle, and never ing in the frontier villages, with strays from the party, for both whom they are frequently in com- have been accustomed to follow munication, and pay accordingly their master like dogs from the these vagabonds, who, without an time when they were foals. The idea of pity, thus deliver up their first day's march seldom exceeds unfortunate countrymen to these three parasangs; the second, four; bandits, explore the roads and give the third, five; and the fourth, six. intelligence, which is generally but When they arrive at this point the too accurate. During the time thus Turkomans change the forage of occupied in reconnoitering, the the charger, and substitute four main body of the Turkomans that pounds and a quarter of barley remain concealed are not inactive; flour, two pounds of maize flour, the maj ority scour the immediate and two pounds of raw sheep's tail neighborhood in small parties of fat, chopped very fine, all well five or six, and, as their numbers mixed and kneaded together: this do not attract attention, they fre- is one day's ration, without either quently manage to carry off some • straw or hay. The horses are very of the peasants working in the fond of this food, which is given field::!: this is the ordinary prelude them in balls, and puts them in to opetations- on a large scale. In tiptop condition, and after having the evening they rejoin their been fed in this manner for four friends to hear the news from their

scouts, and deliberate upon their give way entirely, and they fall, plans for the morrow. they are killed without remorse. Of one hundred Persians thus car- "When the attack is at length ried off and obliged to march with decided upon, half a dozen men are their captors, scarcely a third selected by the chief to remain reach Turkistan, or, at any rate with the provisions and yaboos; the spot from which the party set the rest, mounted on their best out on their villainous expedition. horses, gallop quickly to the appointed spot, whether village or A Turkoman's sensibility is never caravan, on either of which they awakened to suffering, no. matter fall like a whirlwind, and, like it, how terrible-the sentiment of devastate and finally sweep up and pity is unknown to them; a Percarry off eVerything, including sian is in their eyes simply a mermen, women, and children, that cantile and marketable commodity, comes in their way; in a few min- and not worth taking care of after utes all is over. Incendiarism is it has been injured-they are mernot unfrequently their last act; ciless by habit and by calculation. and, leaving the flames and smoke A prisoner who would make his to tell the tale to the distant vil- escape would never forget the lages, thyy fly with their booty treatment he had received at their and gain the spot where they left hands, and would certainly take their horses, putting from thirty his revenge by giving information to forty parasangs behind them at the first military post he came without drawing bit; and in an in- to. In killing his captive, therecredibly short space of time reach fore, a Turkoman looks upon the their encampment. Their horses, act as one of proper foresight and accustomed to these long and rapid a necessary precaution. journeys, accomplish them without In 1873 Russia launched an exknocking up; but this is not the pedition for the capture of Khiva. case with the unhappy persons Not only was this objective .atwho have been kidnapped; these, tained, but a war of extermination if few in number, are generally was carried on with the Yamut taken up behind their captors, or, if more numerous, they tie them Turkomans. In the midst of the on the horses they have stolen burning of the Turkoman camps and drive them before them until and villages, General Kaufmann the animals drop with fatigue. issued the order: "If the Yamuts The unhappy prisoners they car- become submissive, stop ravaging ried are then attached by a long them, but keep watch of what is cord to the saddle bow of their being done among them, and at the brutal tormentors, who drag them least attempt to migrate, carry out along, sometimes walking, some- my order for the final exterminatimes running, according to .the tion of the disobedient tribe." pace at which their own horses are The Yamuts made an effort to pay going at the time. Woe to them who slack their pace! for directly the huge subsidy that was deany show symptoms of fatigue, manded, but as the promiscuous the head of the Turkoman's lance killing and burning was continued, pricks and forces them on to fur- they met the Russians in ambush ther exertion; and should nature and in open battle. The fighting was desperate, for neither side granted any mercy whatever. Fi-

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

nally the Russians got the advan- breach was made, through which tage, and then we hear from one a deadly fire was poured into the who accompanied the expedi- confined area. The final result was tion: entirely successful. The signal "That same day and the next we was given by the explosion of a began to pursue the Turkomans, mine, which levelled a large sec- who were very much disheartened tion of the wall, and the Russians.

by the result of their attack. We advancing in several columns, burned-as we had done before- quickly captured the fortress. The grain, houses, and everything pursuit of the fugitives, seen by which we met, and the cavalry, O'Donovan from the neighboring which was in advance, cut down hills, turned the flight of the Turk- every person, man, woman, or oman into a rout. Thus fell the child. Many of the men had gone, last great stronghold of Central although a few of them got up and Asia" (Sykes, "History of Persia,"

fired at us. They were generally ii, p. 463, 464).

women and children whom we met. From this time on the raids of I saw much cruelty. The infantry the Turkomans into Persian ter- came at a run ·behind, running ritory were on a much smaller fully eighteen miles, and continued scale, as Russian influence was the work of murder" {Schuyler, carefully maintained on the north- Turkistan, ii. p. 361, 362). ern frontier of Persia. But during Again in 1881, Russia, after the period of the last desperate having subjugated Khiva and struggles of the Turkomans with broken the strength of the Yamut the Russians, there was a series of Turkomans, advanced systemat- earthquakes which destroyed the ically into the Tekke-Turkoman old city of Kuchan almost entirely.

country. It proved a difficult Beginning in 1853, then in 1871, undertaking, and after six years again in 1893, and finally in 1895.

'of repeated efforts, in which there these earthquakes wrought liuch was much loss of life on both havoc that the site of the old city sides, the Russians were forced to was abandoned. The tomb of the retreat. "General Skobeleff was son of the Imam Rida is still stand- now entrusted with the task of re- ing, having been repaired; there habilitating Russia's lowered repu- are a few scattered shops; and tation. Realizing that the question some families of Kurds and other of transport was of primary im- Persians have vineyards there.

portance, he decided, as did Lord The new city of Kuchan was laid Kitchener later, when faced with out by Russian engineers. It has a similar problem, to construct a broad streets, running at right railway across the level steppe. angles, so that it would scarcely With its aid, joined to his own be recognized as a Persian town, powers of organization, he was if it were not for the ever present able to bring 8,000 men, with 52 mud walls around the separate guns and 11 machine guns against lots. The. streets are illuminated Geok Teppe, where the Turkoman by electric lights, and there are had decided to make their last rows of trees on either side, and stand. In January, 1881, In spite good drainage ditches. Besides of the desperate sorties of the there are two wide intersecting Tekke, parallels were dug and a thoroughfares, where one has to

be equally careful not to hit an elaring that for him there is no automobile or be sprinkled by an more meaning in life, for the old fashioned water carrier. reason, which he does not express, In 1926 there was an attempt to that the newly organized departstir up a rising of the Kurds and ments, with their separate re- Turkomans against the present sponsibility, have deprived him of Persian government, and ex-war most of the personal authority foreign aviators helped the Shah's that was so convenient and retroops by bombing the town of munerative for these governors in Kuchan from aeroplanes. We had the past.

a Persian friend who had gotten An Interesting Scene a Bible, in his own language of course, and who had begun a sys- When we were calling on one of tematic study of it, who was one the leading mujtahids (judges of of the innocent bystanders that the religious law) we happened in were killed by bombs thrown on on an interesting scene. The su- the public square. On this visit, perintendent of the Department of two years later, we were told that Public Works was belaboring the the house we rentEld was the same old priest for having encouraged one that the army officer who the people of the town to disobey headed the last rebellion had occu- orders tHat had come from Te- pied. But this time, instead of heran for merchants, school teach- guns, and swords, and cartridge ers, and all officials to wear the belts, the walls of those rooms recently adopted national hat.

were decorated with pictures of The old man himself was a de- Joseph and of Daniel, who had scendant of the prophet, a sayyid, been captives sold into slavery, and and he had enough black crape better still, of Jesus healing the wrapped around his head to equip sick, and of Jesus the Good Shep- a hearse. And in the room wera heFti. They were rooms centrally a number of the old man's sup- located and made excellent head- porters, who were priests too, but quarters for the distribution of not sayyids, who were all arrayed gospel portions and for instructing in huge, white, spreading turbans.

inquirers. Another house not far The old mujtahid vigorously de- away, owned by a Kurdish chief, nied that he had ever intimated was used as a temporary mission to the people that they were not hospital, where many of the de- to obey the Shah's order, but he scendants of the Kurds brought to was met by the retort, "Why does this region more than 300 years every shopkeeper give the same ago came in from the surrounding answer?" One curious objection villages for much needed treat- that the priests raised was that ment. whereas a turban could be washed, A handsome young man who is what would a poor working man in charge of the newly established do if he could only afford one hat Census Bureau, told me that the in a whole year? One's sense of population of the present town of humor is aroused when he hears Kuchan is probably not more than such men plead the cause of the 14,000. The civil governor is a working man.

sort of old pensioner who is dis- In nearly all the smaller towns posed to commiserate himself, de- of Persia, the various officials,

THE KURDS OF KHORASAN

representing the different depart- second, the last Sunday service, ments,-Post, Telegraph, Customs, when four Persian Christian men, Judicial, Public Works, Education, all of whom had been Mohamme- etc., have a considerable amount dans and who were helping in the of friendly association. Here in hospital, all voluntarily and with- Kuchan almost the entire group of out previous request, offered indi- officials are young men, who .are vidual prayers in which they gave progressive and receptive to new public testimony to their Christian lines of thought. Even on matters faith. And following this service, of religion they showed a decided- at a more private meeting, an in- ly openminded attitude. They quirer of long standing and simple called on us personally, they at- but beautiful faith was baptized.

tended mid-week illustrated lec- She is the wife of a man who was tures at the hospital, they attended baptized last year, who has shown Sunday preaching services, they real power and joy in his Christian purchased Bibles, they asked ques- life.

tions, and they were glad to pro- We spent a good deal of time in cure for further study special helping the friends of this family books explaining Christianity. get a more positive desire to really There were something like two know the Christ whom they al.

hundred clean faced young boys ready honor. Many of these as- who came in little groups to our sociations were most pleasant, so rooms to get attractively printed that when the time came to return Persian copies of the Sermon on to Meshed, we were reluctant to the Mount that are provided by leave. And in looking forward to the Scripture Gift Mission. One the next opportunity to visit of these boys has ability at draw- Kuchan, the first thought is of the ing and is occupying himself re- friendships it will be a pleasure to producing some of the pictures he renew.

liked most in the life of Christ. There is, however, a solemn con- And the wall pictures we had were sciousness of how much depends left as keepsakes with educated on how we keep in touch with these young men who asked for them. friends, and on how soon some of Some of these men had called first us may go to see them again, in for the excitement of an animated order to realize our hope that some discussion on religious questions, of them may be the Christian mis- but failing to find an interested sionaries who will be able, by their opponent they proved susceptible daily lives-in the natural going to friendship and came around to and coming that is involved in the religious questions afterwards their work-to carry the gospel of in a different way. Really war is peace and hope to these neglected no more necessary in apologetics peoples of Central Asia, the 50,000 than it is in diplomacy. downtrodden Kurds of Khorasan, But perhaps the two most happy and to the remaining 7,000 families experiences, from the evangelistic of Yamut Turkomans; that here point of view, were first the op- in this ancient valley of the Atrak portunity to give illustrated lec- river, these vigorous people of the tures on the life of Christ to large highlands may come to know as numbers of men and women, and their Saviour and Lord.

AFRICAN VILLAGE FOR A

"CBY WILLIAM CLARK BELL AND ELIZABETH LOGAN ENNIS* AN you buy a village full their upcountry communities are of people for some yards plunged into surroundings utterly of cloth worth only about devoid of the old tribal restraints a dollar?" and the new Christian responsibili- Two groups of Africans argued ties. Amid subtle and severe temp- this question one day before the tations there is no counter influence Portuguese abolished slavery in for good. The elders of the Bail- Angola. From one of the groups undo church were told that if they a small girl had been bought years would select someone of character before for several yards of cloth. and capacity to go to Lobito to She had later married, and her chil- minister to their people, his sup- dren and grandchildren had peo- port would be met by a friend.

pled a whole village. She had Their choice was Jesse Chiula, son proved even a better investment of Chief Chipenda.

than General Motors! Now, in na- Two ragged unpromising boys, tive court, the group that had sold bearing a letter from their teacher, her sought a readjustment of prof- Yovi, in Lomanda, asked to enter its. the Bailundo Boarding School, in A lady in California, in 1924, 1917. The boys' school account was sent $20 to Bailundo "to further overdrawn, and when did a grow- Christian work in Africa." Later ing lad ever succeed in paying his she drew interest on her invest- way?

ment from twenty villages at least, Chiula (or Chivulu) was the for the money paid the living ex- name of one of these lads and all penses for six months of a lad who the other boys had more than one.

went to Lobito and by preaching He became Jesse Chipenda; the ap- and example broUght to Christ pending of one's father's name was many a young man who had come. just then becoming "the thing,"

to that seaport to work for the though he didn't feel particularly Government, and who later re- keen about it. His father had turned to become a center of Chris- turned him out of the paternal on- tian activity in his inland home. janga saying he must be feeble- That $20 arrived at a critical minded to think of going to the time, for the Bailundo church was mission.

baffled by the problem of helping Jesse's mother was one of several its young people who had gone to wives and she had her own little the coast to work. White Lobito hut where she lived with his small tucks its native population away in sister. When he went to Yovi's a "quarter" of indescribable filth school in another village she said: and squalor. It is not concerned "Go and learn the words of Je- with their sanitation nor their pas-sus and then come back and tell times. Boys who go there from them to me. But for you I would • The two nuthors did not collaborate; they go back to the village of my peocouldn't, one being in Africa and the other in ple." America at the present time! The Missionary 1lerald combined the two articles. When his mother died of the flu, 938 Jesse then felt no ties to draw him freely with the inhabitants of the back to his old home, but he always town, work was secured for him dreamed of going back there as a with a construction company em- teacher. He fancied himself telling ploying much labor. His mornings the story of Daniel in the den of were spent in the carpenter shop lions to the people of Lomanda, for or on the dock, and later he would that had been the first story to preach to those whose interest was catch his youthful imagination and aroused. He bore testimony to his draw him to listen to Yovi's teach- faith in his daily activities, and the ing. fact that he did not yield to the Jesse Chiula Chipenda was no temptations of a seaport town was common pupil; he forged ahead in itself remarkable testimony.

as few do when they come in from J esse found many boys whom he the out-station schools. He did four had known and through them came years' work in three and in 1920 to know others. Vesper services he was able to enter Currie Insti- were dear and familiar to the boys tute at Dondi. Here he met boys from Christian villages; how natu- from all the other stations and his ral that together with him they whole outlook began to broaden. should revive the custom, and, sit- The visit of Mr. Aggrey to Dondi ting by the seashore, sing and sing inspired him with new hopes and in the twilight till many others had aspirations. gathered around them. And Jesse When in 1924 Jesse was gradu- would repeat verses from the Gos- ated from Currie Institute, the op- pels, adding pertinent words of his portunity to go back to his own own.

village as its teacher presented it- Meanwhile he made steady prog- self and he gladly seized it and ress from shop to office, and now opened a new school. Five months is trusted with the payroll and the he stayed there and then he was checking of invoices. His school called to enter a new field. grew to great proportions; he had Chief Chipenda, when ap- to have an assistant and the Bail- proached on the subject of his son's undo church sent him one. In 1928· going to Lobito, exploded with he selected for his own helpmeet wrath. Was not Jesse head and Theresa, who had just graduated feet to him? Did he not represent from Means School, Dondi, and to- him before the authorities and at- gether they have built up in Lobi- tend to state business? He would to's dirty sanzalas a clean, sweet close the little school already Christian home.

started! It was only after a per- The influence of the Christian suasive presentation of the Chris- work at Lobito is now felt every- tian standpoint-and the promise where in the uplands. Men who of another lad-that the king at have lived within sight and sound last, reluctantly, allowed Jesse to of a mission station and have never depart. let it interfere with th()ir affairs, As a preacher alone Jesse could go to Lobito to work and suddenly never have accomplished all he pur- find they have been missing some- posed. Practical demonstration of thing all their lives.

the Christ life in social and indus- "So that is what the Jesus folk trial activities is needed in Africa. are like! Well, I never !"

In order to enable him to mingle Some day when they go back

home, they go to the neighboring opportunity. At Catumbela 3,000 mission station and say, "We want natives are employed on a sugar a teacher for our village. Some of plantation. There is need for reus have been working at Lobito, ligious work among the white peoand we have been attending Jesse's ple in Lobito, for there is none at school, and now that we have come present. A Portuguese Christian back we want a school in our vil- through reading rooms and Englage. We want the rest of our peo- lish classes, could come into conple to learn too." tact with and influence many'young men. A missionary is needed to And so it goes on-and on. Jesse start the new work, coordinate and Chiula will never know this side of supervise its various branches. heaven how wide and wonderful Lobito is destined to become one of his influence has been. the largest seaports of West Afri- ca. It is our earnest hope that the The beginnings of this ever- city may be properly staffed as a growing work were financed by branch station of the mission in that small gift from California! anticipation of the need. Oppor- Truly, "Twenty villages for twenty tunities for further investment and dollars." for fruitful service are unlimited.

There is need of new centers of influence' and there is a wonderful MODERN WAR ON SLAVERY T HE Senate of the United States for the first time has agreed to back a treaty-program in opposition to all "forced labor," except by convicted criminals. The League of Nations raises hopes of greater effectiveness in the international war on slavery and near-slavery which exist much more widely than many know.

It is estimated that four or five million human beings are yet in bondage in various parts of the world; in Abyssinia the proportion of slaves is said to be one in five of the population, and in parts of China one in 150; slave importation to Arabia rates 2,000 a year, according to the League, The most notable progress reported during the past year was the freeing of 200,000 natives of Sierra Leone, on the west coast of Africa, a British protectorate, on January 1, 1928.

Near-slavery–compulsory labor-in Africa during mining and other development has been marked at times by an estimated mortality as high as 40 per cent. The International Labor Conference last May listed "forced labor" as one of its chief topics, and a 320-page preliminary report and draft-questionnaire was prepared for discussion. The slavery convention permits forced labor even by private employers for a "transitional" period. America's ratification carries one reservation, namely, that "compulsory or forced labor may only be exacted for public purposes." Twenty-seven nations had ratified this treaty program up to March, 1929.

Abyssinia, admitted to the League in 1923 on condition that slavery be abolished, is still the most active center of the slave trade, despite King RaB Taffari's decree of the death penalty for slave holding, Tibet, Afghanistan, Hejaz and Morocco are listed as other places where slavery continues to exist; Persia and Southern China are among countries which have "officially" declared for abolition. The Moslem World Congress, held at Mecca in the summer of 1926, also adopted a resolution denouncing slavery.

WOMEN AND

BY MRS. C. C. CHEN, Shanghai, China J LL religions came into exist- and yet how futile were men, strugf i ence to fill two great pur- gling for an existence. Therefore his theory, "Be still, it is needless poses. The first is to save to struggle." But how about the men from immediate mental and theory of the "surv~val of the fitspiritual suffering and consequently it leads men to a new vision of life. The second is to satisfy men's quest for God. Buddhism came into existence because Buddha was touched to see the suffering of the old men in the tropical heat; the little child widows and street urchins begging for food, homeless and outcast; the sick, and the annual plague of the hot climate; and last of all death and the grief of the living ones over their dead. The pageant of life smote his tender heart and he tried to show men the life after death-his theory of rebirth. This life, as the belief goes, could be obtained through absolute quiet meditation and physical torture. No matter what the criticisms might be of Buddhism, it has proved that men's longing for supreme life after death, for peace, and for God's understanding is genuine.

Lao-Tze, a scholar and a philos- MRS. C. C. CHElN, OF SHANGHAI opher, was moved by the grandeur and beauty of the firmament-the test';? A great number of scholars mighty waters and the infinite sky, and thinkers followed him but Conthe soaring birds and the prowling fucius thought that his theories animals, the age-old trees and the were too impracticable. beauties of the flowers, the clouds that sail by and the mountains Confucius was born at a time which are everlasting, and the roar when China was divided into many of thunder and the flashes of light- small nations which were constantning followed by a clear, still night ly fighting and invading each other. with countless stars twinkling He longed to give his contribution above. What a world to live in! to the rulers of his time, to bring The great realization came that a man's soul could match it all. Life ought to enjoy the great creation 941

about an ideally governed nation. on of commerce, and the ruling of But his contemporaries were too a nation, a province, a city, or a sure that "might was right." Aft- district. It is obvious that women er wandering for many years, try- at that time were not encouraged ing to make people see that his to become educated. Public opinion theories were righteous and just held that women should be subju- and workable, he was rejected. He gated to men's authority, and un- returned to Lu Kwo (present Shan- fortunately the few educated tung Province) and started. a women also endorsed that idea.

school of his own. He was a schol- Later the sentiment was developed: ar and a statesman. He knew hu- "Women without education are vir- man nature so he set forth moral tuous," so that education for wom- codes 'and golden rules which all en was doomed and they became men can follow and which have intellectually and physically inferi- been China's salvat.ion. Women or to men.

were not much in the foreground From time immemorial we Chi- at that period; their world was at nese have believed that the duty of home. a filial son is to continue the fam- These are the main religious sys- ily name. Therefore it is a wom- tems of China today-with the ex- an's crowning glory when she gives ception of Confucionism which has birth to a son. If a woman should no organized system, the only tem- not have a son-then woe be to her ples which are in major cities, are -her life is useless. She can only the memorial temples which open blame it to her own star of ill fate once a year for official offerings. and prepare to face a life of living Both Buddhism and Taoism have torture and humiliation. Her hus- degenerated. There are many tem- band has the legal right to marry ples and nunneries with idols, sym- again. What would be the future bols and imaginary pictures show- of sonless women? They have no ing the sufferings after death that education; they are dependent on come to those who were wicked, the men folks; the tradition dis- the joy and peace for those who courages women earning a living; were good. The priests and monks the door of vision and aspiration have drifted away from their is closed to them! In the time of founders' aims and purposes, and anguish and despair they go to the have utilized the religious systems temple of idols, make vows to deny to extort money from suffering and themselves normal food, to con- ignorant women. tribute money to endow the tem- How did Chinese women reach ples, to torture their bodies in their present state? In the early order to appease the gods of fate period of Chinese society men's la- to ensure a better life after death.

bor had to be divided. According What a tragedy! Human longing to our Chinese division of labor, for eternal peace and life, for a women should mind the duties of higher aspiration and understand- the home, rear the children, ad- ing, and for a realization of life's minister to the need and comfort value is not satisfied! Their quest of the men, and care for the old. for God was not successful and While men should attend to the their hunger and thirst for eternal duties outside of the home, such as peace and divine understanding the work in the field, the carrying were still unsatisfied and un-

1:129] CHINESE WOMEN AND RELIGION

quenched. It must pain His Father birth until death. Fear and superheart to see human beings helplesH- stition breeds cowardice which is ly groping for a door to see the a curse to our nation. The monks light and trying to understand that and priests of all ages have never whether life is either childless or tried to uplift the womanhood of blessed with children, it has pro- China. ductive value in itself. God wants us to have the great understanding President Roosevelt said that no of eternal life and peace, and that nation can rise higher than the levour life has also its full value on el of its womanhood. Women are this earth. The life which we live the first teachers of every new gencan be most beautiful, most rich, eration. Women constitute the othand most productive. Our life in er half of the national foundation. His sight is the most precious Chinese women have to rise to fulamong all His creations. fil their rightful duty. Her young generation is waiting to drink from What have the great religious her fountain of life and to hear systems contributed to Chinese life her bed-time stories. Are her -especially to Chinese woman- stories going to instill fearfulness hood? In spite of the degeneration and superstitions, or are her stories of the Chinese religions, they have going to be the life-long inspiramade one great contribution to tions for manhood and womanhood, Chinese life; and that is religious and for fair play, and even for unity. For certain reasons-may- loving service and sacrifice for othbe because of the religious pur- ers? Christ has come, not only to poses, aims and truths; maybe the western nations but to China, because of a respect for each oth- to emancipate the Chinese women er's rights and each other's ideals; from illiteracy, from physical bondmaybe for the purpose of making age, from the despair and humilimoney by the later priests and ation of childlessness, and from monks, they have merged into each fear and superstition. For centuries other. One can be a profound Chinese women have been hungry Buddhist and also can be a Taoist and thirsty for the living Word. and a profound Confucianist. The The Word belongs to us as well as Christian churches in China may to the western nations. The gate learn a great lesson from the Chi- of hope, understanding and of nese religions of the benefit of peace is open to us. Out of our working together in unity. four hundred million Chinese there are only about half a million Prot- Our religious systems in China estant Christians. Is the Christian have failed to inspire and fulfil the work going to be reenforced or is longing for spiritual peace and it to be curtailed after this antilight, for the joy of loving and giv- Christian inovement in China? The ing and serving. Instead they have older churches feel that it is not succeeded in holding the ignorant safe to invest money and to send class of people and especially the out more missionaries at present. women in fear and superstition. The work has to go slowly because One acquainted with a Chinese China is on fire. home, will notice that there is a god, a fairy, or a spirit to each Once there were two boys watchhousehold article. Women live and ing a forest fire. One night, one breathe in that atmosphere from boy saw that the sky was ablaze.

He called out to his companion, pecially China needs Christ in the "Fire! Fire!" The other boy mother's heart to guide her youth rubbed his eyes and said, "!tis not from childhood.to manhood, from fire, it is dawn." To the West the bitter humiliation of the past to present unrest in China is fire, but great magnanimity in the future. to us it is dawn. The hour has ar- Think of the undeveloped poten- tialities and possibilities in the rived when we must work. mass of Chinese womanhood! The What will be our program for the harvest is ready but laborers are few. Help us shape China's future. work in China and especially for the women? Do the older churches The older churches of the West want to wait until the troublous have money, have courage, and times in China are over? Why? have personnel,. but have not Do the older churches lack money? enough vision, faith, or under- standing. Whose responsibility is Lack courage? Lack personnel? it to develop these essential quali- Does China need Christ now? ties? How can we Chinese Chris- China does need Christ today more tians help you to bring about a than she has ever realized before. better understanding and to see the China needs Christ in the period harvest in the unsown seeds, and of her reconstruction. She needs the sun beyond the rain clouds? Christlike friends who are close to We need greater faith. We are anxher and from whom she can feel iously watching and. waiting, for warmth and sincere understanding. She needs Christ in all her relations you to reenforce your Christian with other nations and in every work, giving your very best. You phase of her daily life as well as in are not going to fail us. the churches and on Sundays. Es- CHINESE REGULATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS A NY religious sect, whether Chinese or foreign, desiring to establish educational institutions in the territory of the National Govern- ment, must conform to the following regulations recently promulgated by the Ministry of Education: 1. Any school in the system of schools established and maintained by contributions in the name of a religious sect must be supervised in accordance with the rules governing private schools. All schools must be established according to the system relating thereto determined by the Ministry of Education.

2. Any religious sect wishing to open an institution and enroll students for the purpose of disseminating the religious doctrines it believes in, cannot name the schools according to the school system determined by the Ministry of Education.

3. Whenever a religious sect organizes a society for the study of religious doctrines or any other academic subject, such a society must be organized in accordance with the procedure governing the organization of academic societies or clubs.

4. Any organ coming under the first or third regulation must be reported to or registered with the responsible educational authorities, but those which fall under the second category will be subject to the direct jurisdiction of the local governments concerned and need not be registered with the educational administrative authorities.

MOHONK CONFERENCE ON·

AMERICAN INDIAN BY COE HAYNE, New York nJFTER a lapse of thirteen years, Dr. George W. Hinman, of New this Conference has been re- York, approved of Secretary Wilbur's vived through the hospitality policy looking toward the gradual merging of the Indian stock with that of Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Smiley (Oc- of the nation, but he mentioned some of the "hindrances to progress" that tober 15 to 18). Hon. Charles J. have confronted the American Indian. Rhoads, Commissioner of Indian Af- Among other things the hope of re- ceiving riches through the settlement fairs, brought a message from Secre- of tribal claims appears to deprive tary Wilbur which reaffirmed the the Indians of ambition and per- sistence in working and saving. An- policy of the Interior Department an- other obstacle, he said, is the prone- ness of the idle and the hungry rela- nounced early last spring. The Sec- tives to hang about a thrifty Indian to dissipate all his gains. retary said in part: The widely diversified character of The endeavor of the Department of the the conference as well as the activities Interior in the Indian question has been on Indian fields was brought home as to set up a constructive program which one listened to statements by Reprewould gradually lead in the course of, sentatives in Congress, army officers, say twenty-five years, to the placing of heads of government departments and the Indian and his property upon the bureaus, health officers, clergymen, normal basis of contributing citizen- teachers, editors, executives and misship. . . . .. We must seek to obtain every possible contribution of value which the sionaries. Indian can bring to our American civilization. Dr. John R. Mott, in the closing ses- sion of the conference, gave a view of The principal immediate problem is to international and interracial goodwill do substantial justice to the Indian chil- that revealed the necessity of bringing dren of today so that they may have ade- all considerations of the Indian probquate educational and health opportuni- lem to higher levels. His definition of ties. A long period of parsimony has "fractional Christians" I e a v e s no been damaging. Our first effort should ground for loitering for those who be toward working out the practical halt in the application of the whole of daily problems so that justice may be the Gospel to this sore spot in Amergiven the Indian. With this much on ican social life. its way, we should be able to model our plans so that the Indian will become a Dr. Charles L. White, president of self – sustaining, self – respecting, inde- the Home Missions Council, pled for pendent citizen. the disinterestedness of a sincere fol- lower of Jesus Christ in devising and Assistant Commissioner Scatter- carrying to fruition all plans in behalf good expressed a conviction that in of the Indians.

the development of leaders among the Dr. Samuel A. Eliot, of Boston, was the conference chairman and M. K. Indian people we should not lose sight Sniffen, secretary of the Indian Rights of the magnificence of the old racial Association, served as conference sec- retary. characteristics. To inspire the In- dian to build on his own nobility and develop a race consciousness that will enable him to produce his own leaders in a social environment that has been created for him by forces beyond his will to control, is a task, in the opinion of Mr. Scattergood, worthy to call forth the best efforts of every indi- vidual and group having to do with Indian social, economic and religious welfare.

4 945

The resolutions adopted included given as an essential factor in all recommendation of the appointment by lationships of the government and President Hoover of Charles J. Rhoads missionary agencies. and J. Henry Scattergood, respectively, as Commissioner and Assistant Com- The report of the Committee on missioner of Indian Affairs, and Findings made the following statepledged the cooperation of the mem- ment in regard to Missionary Activibers of the conference in services that ties in behalf of the Indians: may be helpful in advancing the welfare of the American Indian. .Special The new day in Indian affairs brings mention was made of the necessity of a tremendous challenge to the churches funds for the adequate feeding of chil- and the religious people of the nation. dren in Indian boarding schools, for Large as the contributions of the Missufficient appropriations for the Indian sion Boards to the welfare of the Indians Bureau in the task of reorganization, may have seemed in the past, they are the need of continuity in the Indian now entirely inadequate for the needs policy and of a definite program for of the immediate future. Material each reservation in accordance with its forces must not outrun spiritual forces. own conditions and requirements. If the appropriations for religious work These resolutions also commended do not rise in at least equal proportion the efforts of the Indian Bureau to to those of the Government, the Indian raise the standards of education and will suffer spiritually. Now is the hour training for its employees and urged of opportunity. The churches must lay an educational program for Indians upon their memberships that responsithat shall be rooted in the real needs bility for the salvation of the Indian of the Indian people, helping them to which every historical consideration and make their own way in four essentials every spiritual insight makes so evident. -health, economic well being, family Moreover, the Indians of this and other and community life and wholesome lands are now in the limelight of public recreation, including cultural and spir- and private attention. The churches can itual interests. The need of further refuse to go forward only at the cost of appropriations was pointed out in a seared conicience or of a dimming spirorder that the Indian service hospitals itual vision. The new vision of life, an-d and sanitoriums may meet the min- that more abundant, will inspire to multiimum, at least, of the standards for form new services for the Indian brother. health set up by the American College New methods and new instrumentalities of Surgeons, and the American Sani- will give the missionary of the Cross new torium Association. The Conference conquests for the Kingdom. Let the sevrecommended that not only vocational eral missionary agencies continuously training and guidance be continued measure their work in every feasible but that actual placement of the In- way. Accurate annual statistics are esdian youth in productive enterprises sential to real efficiency. They are necesbe attempted with the necessary fol- sary if the world is to know what the low-up to see that the boys and girls existing situation is, and what the measare satisfactorily established in their ure of progress is. It is high time, too, new environments. They urged the that the practice of cooperation for mucreation of a fund out of which in- tual benefit signalize the relations of herited and other allotted Indian land Government and missions, and even may be purchased for Indians who more of denomination and denomination. have not lands, and the amendment Missions should always work with Inof the allotment and other laws re- dians as well as for Indians. Permanent lating to Indian land titles making pos- devotion and enlarged efficienCiY will sible an inalienable and nontaxable widen the opportunities for the discrimhome-site for every Indian family. inate encouragement of native leaders; Cooperation for mutual benefit was for the safe utilization by the Govern- ment of the moral insights of the mis- sionary, and for the spiritualization of every phase of Indian life. Pure re- ligion and undefiled will give us econom- ical and social missionary activities which will lay solid bases upon which the highest spiritual structures will rise. Community centers for the safeguarding and improvement of family and social life will become demonstration points. leading the government in widespread efforts for civic and social welfare among the Indian people.

to Dr. Brown on the Foreign Missionary, Unity

Missions, Rising Churches in Non- On December second, the Editor and Christian Lands and the Mastery of Mrs. Pierson are due to leave New the Far East. York on the Empress of Australia for a long-desired visit to some of the mis- In writing of his thirty-four years sion fields of Asia. It is thirty-eight as a missionary secretary, Dr. Brown years since the Editor first became as- says in Women and Missions for Sepsociated with the REvrnw. During his tember: student days in Princeton, he was Among the most highly prized of a Managing Editor in the absence of the secretary's experiences is his relation to Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Arthur T. Pier- mbeisasiofnraiernieds. a. n. d…cowI oarrkdeerntwlyitdhesaireddeetpo personal i n t ere s t in the individual son, who spent much of his time dur- worker…… I have encouraged pering the last twenty-five years of his sonal correspondence with individual life preaching, and lecturing in Eng- omfistshieonnaruimese,roanusd lIethtearvse trheaatd tehveeyryhoanvee land and Scotland. On the death of sent me ….. .

his father in 1911 the whole of the Editorial responsibility devolved upon My mind teems with memories of two the son. visits to the foreign field, which alto- By a very fortunate and providential gether occupied about a year and three- quarters. I saw how the missionaries arrangement, the Rev. Arthur J. live and work. I traveled with them in their boats and carts and litters, on their Brown, D.D., who has recently retired ponies and elephants, and sometimes on vfoilloatg.e.s.,..m. anAystiImejsouirtnseeyeemdedamtoonmgethaes as a General Secretary of the Board if in the missionary the Son of Man once F orel.gn M"ISS Ions f the P resbyetrI'- more walked among men; that once more of 0 an Church in the U. S. A., has agreed to edit the REVIEW for the year 1930, during Mr. Pierson's absence in Asia. he said to the weary and heart-sick, No man could be found better fitted "Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you for this important service. As an rest"; and that once more men "forsook author, speaker, missionary executive, all and followed him."

world traveler and student of home I have valued also a secretary's relaand foreign missions, Dr. Brown is tionship to union and federated moveparticularly well qualified for such a ments. These movements are among the most significant manifestations of our position. For the past thirty-four age. I have said many times that it is years he has been Secretary of the no part of our missionary duty to per- Presbyterian Board. Previous to that petuate on the foreign field the sectarian rich experience he was pastor of divisions of Europe and America. If a man believes in God as Sovereign and churches in Ripon, Wisconsin, in Oak Father, in the Bible as the revelation of Park, Illinois, and in Portland, Oregon, the will of God, in Jesus Christ as the and was very vitally affiliated with propitiation for our sins and for the sins home mission interests. In the last of the whole world, I am willing to unite with that man or to federate with him twenty-five years he has been partic- or to cooperate with him on any terms ularly active as a foreign missionary that may prove to be practicable, whether executive and has written numerous I agree with him in other matters or stimulating and illuminating articles not….. .

and many books on the Philippines, The experiences of a secretary also China, the Near East, Japan, Siam include relations to social, economic, edu- cational and political movements. None and Russia as well as valuable treatises of these are primary objects of the for- 947

eign missionary enterprise, but all of influence may be increased and their them affect it and are in turn affected own program may be promoted. Rusby it…… I unhesitatingly side with sia is today the home of this systemthose who believe that all things are atic propaganda. With it naturally summed up in Christ; that "godliness is is linked opposition to international profitable for all things, having promise peace based on brotherly confidence of the life which now is and of that and treaty obligation. Atheistic comwhich is to come"; that the Cross of munism also is naturally antagonistic Christ is the central regulative principle to the teaching of children and youth of the world; and that the Gospel is re- to honor and obey God rather than lated to the entire life of man and all man. This philosophy advocates the his relationships….. . use of any means-deception, lying, theft, murder, betrayal-in order to While I recognize the obstacles that gain world-wide control. must still be surmounted and the problems that must still be solved, I have no A recent report to the executive doubt as to the outcome. Mighty as are committee of "The Communist Interthe forces of evil, the forces of righteous- national," printed in the Pravada, ness are mightier, and "if God be for us, the organ of the central committee in who can be against us?" Russia, advocates strong measures to win control in all countries. This re- Dr. Brown has been particularly in- port rejects reliance on peaceful means terested and effective in fostering and says: "Our fight for the majority Christian unity. He has traveled ex- of the working class will be accompatensively in Europe and in the mission nied by bloody battles not only against fields and has been active on many the bourgeois but against social deboards and ·committees to promote in- mocracy as well …… In order to win ternational cooperation. We anticipate, the majority of the population to its under Dr. Brown's able editorship, a side, the proletariat must first of all year of unusual satisfaction for RE- overthrow the bourgeois and seize the government, smashing the former VIEW readers. governmental machinery into a thou- sand bits." The communists openly Missionaries of Atheism advocate efforts to foster revolution in England, America and elsewhere and, Apparently Satan's only fear is the in order to do this, they seek to orfear of God. His wiles and disguise ganize the laboring classes and resort as an "angel of light" too often mis- to deeds of violence (as in the recent lead men but God cannot be deceived Gastonia textile strike). Their policy or His purposes thwarted. The anti- is to secure control of "the most im- Christ, and all opposed to the spirit portant positions in the most strategic and program of Christ, believe that places-the mails, telegraph, telephone, they can succeed in carrying out their wharves, railroad junctions, etc…… . anti-religious program by making men and to win those groups of working think that God is a tyrant, that His men in factories without whose parcommands and warnings are unjusti- ticipation in the process of production, fied and may be disregarded, and that the normal functioning of those fac- His son was a myth or an imposter. tories is unthinkable." Their greatest fear is that men will believe in God as an all powerful heav- In other words the atheistic comenly Father and will choose to obey munist leaders are organizing and car- Him rather than accept the teachings rying on an extensive propaganda to of atheism. Therefore the atheistic incite the laboring classes to strike, to communists of Russia are striving seize control of industries, of sources with all their energy to destroy belief of wealth and of the government. This in God. Without any basis for their spirit and program is characteristic of position in science, in history or phil- a comparatively small group but they osophy, they seek to persuade men to reject all religion and to cast off its restraining influence. They seek, with energy and determination, to promote this unbelief in order that their own

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

are energetic and, from their seat of and Russia represent two nations, control in Russia, are seeking to ex- two races, two forms of civilization, tend their influence and to carry out conflicting economic and political prothis program in other lands. grams. Both are emerging from monarchical to a nominally democratic That the Russian communists reveal government. China is strenuously characteristics of anti-Christ is shown seeking to establish an independent by recent utterances of the All Russia republic, while Russia is trying an Communist Party which stated: experiment in a new form of class "From now on the anti-religious front rule-the sovereignty of the workers must be spread out on an international of the world. China is seeking to scale, like the entire revolutionary unify her own people and to establish struggle of the working class." national order and prosperity; Russia is endeavoring to promote communism "Comrade" Yaroslavsky was ap- and to unite the proletariat of the plauded at the All Union Congress of world regardless of the disorder and Atheists in Moscow last June when he conflict which may be aroused in the said: "We are against God, we are process. The trouble between China against capital …… We are for a so- and Russia arose when the Soviet cialist revolution." propagandists were expelled. Fight- ing has been reported at the border These facts and remarks are quoted, town of Manchouli in the west (where not from fear of the power of the athe- the Swedish Free Mission has had a istic socialism, but because no one station) and at Blagoveschenk and should shut his eyes to the facts. He Pogranichnaya on the eastern border that is for us is far greater than any between Asiatic Russia and Manthat are against us. Christ is destined churia. These centers are so remote to win and to rule. that Europe and America are scarcely conscious of the conflict. Neither The Russian communists are sadly Russia nor China can afford to go to ignorant of true religion and of the war. They both have their hands full true character and purpose of Chris- at home and in their international retianity. They have been misled and lations, and they need all their reneed our prayers rather than our de- sources, energies and goodwill to work nunciation. The Christianity they out their own problems. have seen has not borne the marks of the sacrificial love and godlikness of Northern Manchuria is almost un- Jesus Christ. The challenging task occupied as a Christian mission field. that confronts His followers today is The country is thinly populated and to reveal Christ by their patience, their the coming of winter will make a love, their loyalty, so that they may military campaign exceedingly difconfound the adversary. The Chris- ficult. There is great need that Rustian religion is not wedded to capital- sia and China both put their own ism or to militarism. True religion houses in order and keep their own is not an opiate but a stimulating pow- doorsteps clean. In the present day er; Christianity does not mean bond- war in any continent, however remote, age but liberty. Freedom from servile is a menace to the peace of the world. fear, from intellectual bondage, from industrial slavery, from political tyran- Unfortunately, civil war has again ny are obtained through full surrender broken out in China. Marshall Feng to Jesus Christ. This has been demon- Yu-Hsiang has rebelled against the strated in countless ways among all regime under Chiang Kai-shek, on the classes and races of humanity since the beginning of the Christian era. ground of corruption and inefficiency in the Nationalist Government. Peace The Conflict in Eastern Asia in China seems to be more remote than ever. Men are slow to learn that there is another way to settle disputes than the way of force of arms. China

BY MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, 150 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

President of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions BY MRS. S. S. HOUGH Ohadr1Jwn of .,Joint. C,?11I mitt r.c on lVorld. Da·y of Pr(1yr;r oj l"('dcnltiiJ1t of lVomen'8 Boards of ForC1gn Mt88wns 01 ~7o"th Amerwa and Council of lV{Jmen jar H(nne Missio-ns METHODS FOR WORLD DAY OF Subcommittees on program, place of meeting, publicity, etc., should be PRAYER appointed; also special committees for young people's and children's meet- THREE months hence, on March 7, ings. 1930, the World Day of Prayer, Christians of all races and many na- The leader for each meeting should tions speaking varied languages will be selected many weeks in advance, be joined again in a great fellowship and all details of program assigned, of prayer all round the world. Who different denominations, races and can measure· the mighty possibilities nationalities given parts. of such united praying! What could be more central to the life and service In one city many simultaneous of church women than this irresistible meetings were held with a woman of energy of the prayer kingdom; there- a different nationality or race in fore it is hoped that groups in every charge of each meeting. community, whether rural or urban, will early plan to share in this world It is especially important that the fellowship. leader take time to meditate on the program until it becomes a part of Preparation herself.

The preparation for this observance Those in charge of the music should is simple but very important. If there be persons who know how to make an is a federation or council of church organ pray and singing real worship. women in the community, the planniIg should be in their hands. If no inter- +V1ake this a day for prayer and denominational organization of church not speaking. women exists, then any woman or girl who is interested should take the initi- Some communities have divided the ative. entire day as follows: The services on this one outstand- 7: 00 A. M. to 9: 00 A. M. and 12: 00 ing day of the year are community- M. to 1: 30 P. M. for business and wide, interdenominational, interna- professional women. Luncheons are tional and interracial; therefore the sometimes planned for this group with general committee should be composed a special speaker. 9: 00 A. M. to of representatives of different de- 12: 00 M. and 2: 00 P. M. to 4: 00 P. nominations and other Christian or- M. for the general public. The conganizations; also of various nations secration service, "Looking Unto and races in the community. These Jesus," price 10 cents, is very aprepresentatives should be women, propriate for the morning session. girls and leaders of children:* 4: 00 P. M. to 5: 00 P. M., children's meetings. 7: 00 P. M. to 9: 00 P. M., for young people.

*All HlI!)1)1iI'R Rhonltl hi~ ol'tl(,l'i~d illlJllP(lin t ply How One Group Made It Known ~fIl''OO.ILl:l'j·1UJ11ltS'l,lom"Tillhnatiton.nTlesmnsis siulln r y mny he hctHlqulll'tel's', Letters were sent to all pastors of ner I..Iifted 'lIp;; the city. Cull $1.70 h1l1J{ll'ed: postt'rs. 10 cents leetatcehr~' A publicity committee had a short, "The to PruYf>r." free: seals for graphic article describing the observ- Ilnd . invitations. 25 eeuts per hundred: the specIal consecrat.ion service. "Looking Unto .Jesus," 10 cents each.

950

METHODS FOR WORKERS

ance in many landl'l published in daily "Around the balcony hung the flags papers, followed by additional notices of forty-two nations. Plants and from time to time, with pictures of bright flowers added to the attractiveleaders, interesting items on objects ness of the room. A large map of the for the offering, etc. Notices appeared world hung across the platform." in church calendars, church and Y. W. C. A. bulletin boards. The Oft'ering The "Call" was distributed in all Since addresses should be eliminated churches during December and wom- entirely if possible from the Day of en and girls urged to use the cycle. Prayer program another time should be arranged when women may be made Members of the committee visited conversant with the four projects tovarious church meetings and made ward which gifts on the Day of Prayer personal announcements. are devoted. This may be done through meetings in separate churches The Day of Prayer poster on which or by one or two union meetings held the time and place of meeting had been several weeks previous to the day. inserted was put up in all churches, These will prove of great educational Y. W. C. A., etc. value as well as spiritually helpful, and will stimulate the desire to par- Invit!ltions were sent to all women's ticipate in the work through the freeand girl's clubs, missionary societies, will offering on the Day of Prayer. young peoples groups and students. In one community such meetings were Day of Prayer seals (25 cents per held by the women of a local church hundred) were used on all letters and and the offering taken and then invitations. brought by each group of women to the Day of Prayer service. Many ma- A special luncheon is held each year terials are available for such prothree or four weeks preceding the grams. Day of Prayer. The "Call to Prayer" is used as place cards and a special Indian Work. An intensely interaddress given. This offers a fine op- esting program may be prepared on portunity to visualize the projects for Indian Work using the leaflets, "After the offering by an address and an ex- School-What?" "Why Educate Him?" hibit of pictures, posters and leaflets, and "My Neighbor, the American Inetc. dian." Unified Thinking," also has a section devoted to this topic. Copies of the "Call" and program were distributed among shut-ins and Christian Literature for Women in hospitals, and patients invited to and Children in Mission Fields. One join in the fellowship of {Jrayer. is deeply stirred by the need revealed in the leaflets UNothing to Read," We found two of our city pastors "What $10,000 meant in 1928," or by were broadcasting two devotional the presentation of the little dramaservices daily, so we interviewed them tization, "A Day in the Office." Samand secured their cooperation. The ples of the children's magazines in one who was conducting a vesper serv- nine languages and dialects may be ice each evening gave a very sympa- had, thus making possible a small disthetic talk on the history and play. significance of the day the night preceding the Day of Prayer, and the Migrant Work. A stereopticon lecpastor in charge of morning devotions ture of sixty beautifully colored slides very beautifully devoted the period depicts Migrant Work in the eastern from nine to nine-thirty on the Day and western parts of the United of Prayer to the service. This pre- States. The pageant "The Kingdom ceded any service in the churches. of Love" was presented most beauti- ful at Northfield and Chatauqua, N. Place of Meeting Y., and numerous other places, large It should be central and comfortably large. Women appointed to usher and take offering. A woman writes,

and small have effectively presented it messenger in white, singing the an- indoors or out, elaborately or simply. swers. "Amelida" is a dramatization showing the need for schools in Mexican labor In the responsive reading which camps. The leaflet giving printed pro- follows, the congregation voices the gram may be utilized or it may be heart cry of mankind in all the world, preferable to arrange a program from and the leader brings Jesus, in His the leaflets, "Whither Bound," "Our own words, as the one who meets Greatest Crop," "A College Girl's every need. If the hymn, "I heard Summer Diary," "Little Gypsies of the Voice of Jesus Say" could be sung the Fruit." by a group representing many nations it would help to sustain the thought Women's Union Christian Colleges that Jesus is universal and meets the in Foreign Fields. There are leaflets needs of all mankind alike. on the work of each of these seven colleges and joint leaflets on the seven Following this comes a great period entitled "Share Your Education with of thanksgiving by personal testimony, the Women of the Orient," "New in prayer, and by bringing our gifts Ships for Old." "Seven Candles," a of thanksgiving through which He short dramatization of the work of may be made known to others. A these colleges is also available.* suggestion in advance of the meeting to various persons will avoid any loss Thinking, Through the ProgralU of time during the period of testi- mony. Jesus, as the world's Saviour, is the central thought running through- Following this comes the period of out the program. During the opening confession as we call to mind our failperiod of meditation as people are en- ure to lift Him up. This is too sacred tering the church, hymns centering a time to publicly voice personal conabout the Cross and Jesus as the fession, so each person is asked to do world's Saviour may be played softly so in silence before God, followed by -"In the Cross of Christ I Glory," directed prayer for our failures na- "Beneath the Cross of Jesus," "When tional, and international. I Survey the Wondrous Cross," "We Would See Jesus," "Jesus Saves," Weare led now into a very sacred "What a Friend We have in Jesus," part of the program. We hear the etc. call, "He Must Be Lifted Higher" and the challenge of Pentecost to per- After the call to prayer, the pro- sonal witnessing for Him, so in silence gram opens with the great hymn of we shall pray that He may have His exaltation, "All Hail the Power of own way with us. The hymn, "When I Jesus' Name." Then during a short Survey the Wondrous Cross" is played Scripture reading we meditate on softly, not sung unless it be the last what He was and what He did for the stanza only. world. Surely we shall then be ready to Through the messages from dif- renew our dedication to Him in the ferent nations and the antiphonal duet, words of David Livingstone and in the "Art Thou Weary" is visualized the song, "Oh, Love, That Will not Let Me unsatisfied longing of hearts every- Go." where for one who can satisfy. The latter may be made effective if one is After this renewed dedication of represented as a weary traveler sing- ourselves, we shall be ready to enter ing the questions, and the other a into the period of intercession for the world, bearing in mind that Christians * Materials on ((Indian lVorkJJ [HId 111ianwt in many lands all around the globe, are praying with us for these same needs. 1t'orf:. may be seenl'ed from the COU1I('il of 'Vouten for Home MissioH8, 105 E. :!:!d St., The call to renew the habit of per- Ne,,,, York City, und the materials for Ohri8tian sonal witnessing for Christ which Litwrahwe and lVotnen's Union Oolleges from comes to us during this nineteen hunthe Federation of "roman's Boards of ~~oreign dredth anniversary of Pentecost is bellissiollS, ~i19 Jj10urth Avenue, New York City.

ing answered by women and girls all as the Spirit of Thanksgiving might round the world, and we may go out preside, introducing herself, making from this service on the Day of Prayer an introductory statement, then calling with the consciousness that we are for personal testimonies. (By previous linked with them not only in prayer, appointment see that some are ready but also in this new fellowship of per- to respond immediately.) After this sonal witnessing, so with confidence she may direct prayer as suggested we can close our day with the hymn and receive the offering.

"Lead On, 0 King Eternal" and our The objects of the offering lend "World Family Prayer." themselves to presentation in the A Girl Tells of Plans for Girls form of living pictures. For example, the picture representing "Migrant In putting on the program for the Work" may consist of a mother, poorly World Day of Prayer for the young clad, carrying a large basket of vegeta- people of our city there was no exist- bles and several little children holding ing Federation of Young Women's to her skirts. The one for "Religious Missionary Societies, so we got in Education Directors in Government touch with pastors, and secured one Indian Schools" may be a youth, repre- outstanding young woman leader from senting an American Indian, and a each denomination. These with repre- teacher, studying the Bible together.

sentatives from the Y. W. C. A. and For "Christian Literature for Women churches for colored and foreign born and Children in Non-Christian Lands,"

constituted the general committee. one could have a group of women and At the first meeting an enthusiastic children dressed in Chinese, Japanese explanation of the World Day of and Indian costumes each with a mag- Prayer, and its widespread observance azine or book in her hand. The name was given. We went over the program on the magazine should be concealed.

together and discussed the suggested The "Seven Christian Colleges for plans. This general committee was Women in the Orient" could be repre- then dissolved into three subcom- sented by three girls in costume of mittees; program, publicity, and Japan, China and India, each carrying room-arrangement. (For committee a diploma. As these pictures are suggestions see "How We Made It shown some one should explain very Known," "Place of Meeting" and briefly what they represent.

Thinking Through the Program"). One city always plans a combined Every detail of the program must service with young people for their be carefully planned, if the service is evening session. A year ago a com- to be effective and worshipful. This mittee of young people, one from each makes the responsibility to the pro- church, was called together. After gram committee great. As the pro- plans were completed each one was gram for 1930 is studied carefully by asked to visit a church other than his this sub-committee it will be found or her own and invite the young to lend itself to touches of color. For people's groups to attend the service.

example, the part, "Jesus, the Desire They responded more than 200 strong, of All Nations," would be more effec- both white and negro races, meeting tive if, instead of it being read, it in an adjoining room for a few mo- would be presented by girls dressed ments of prayer.

to represent the students of the coun- They marched into the dimly lighted tries quoted. If there are representa- auditorium from the doors on either tives from these nations living in the side of the pulpit singing, "Onward community, use them. They could also Christian Soldiers," and carrying sing the hymn, "I Heard the Voice of lighted candles. They marched to the Jesus Say." rear of the church, down the outside For the part, "Let Us Give Thanks" aisles and came up the main aisle to a girl dressed in a pretty flowing robe the seats reserved for them. All stood

facing the audience while the whole When planning the program the congregation joined in singing, "All theme, "That They All May Be One,"

Hail the Power of Jesus' Name." used around the world, was followed, The young people took a prominent though the program was entirely dif- part in the evening program. ferent from the one prepared for the adult groups. It consisted of stories Children and the World Day of of children in many lands, with songs Prayer and prayers phrased in language During the past two or three years understandable by children and in be- a few communities have arranged half of children of all lands.

special services for the children on THE FOLLOWING Is ILLUSTRATIVE the World Day of Prayer. It is one of the finest opportunities in the whole Prelude-A medley of well-known hymns year to lead the childven of a com- played softly as children assemble. munity to think in world terms and of children of all races and nations as kin Hymn-Brightly Gleams the Banner. to themselves. Thinking back over Salute to the Christian flag and the flag of the United States-A Boy Scout and Girl Scout or Girl Reserve in uni- the plans made for one of these chil- form holding the flags.

dren's services we find a few sugges- Hymn-My Country 'Tis of Thee. Recitation-"If all the girls in the world tions which might be helpful to others. took hand, beginning with me, First, one who was working success- 'Twould make a line from sea to sea; fully with the children in one of the churches was made chairman. Then If all the boys took hands stretching from shore to shore, conferences were held with the paster 'Twould make a world of friendliness and children's worker of each of the where wars could be no more." churches, the executives of the Girl Call to Worship–Read in unison. Reserves of the Y. W. C. A., the Boy Hymn-We've a Story to tell to the Na- Scouts and Girl Scouts. Perhaps there would be other children's organiza- tions.

Story-Giving a glimpse of the life of children in China.

tions in your community that could be Prayer-Read by children with bowed approached-much enthusiasm was heads. (Phrased in language undercreated as al could see the tremendous standable by children and mentioning possibilities. The chairman was in children of other lands.) touch frequently with the leaders of the various groups for the two weeks Hymn-Saviour Like a Shepherd Lead Us.

Story-Telling of the unprivileged chilprevious to the Day of Prayer-so dren in the homeland.

the enthusiasm never waned. A meet- Prayer-Read by children with bowed ing of all these leaders to make first heads. (Special mention of newcomers plans and then another get-to-gether for checking up purposes a week be- to our land and others here who are fore the Day of Prayer helps tremen- in need.) Story-How the Artist Forgot Four Colors.-Margaret Applegarth.

dously. "Write-ups" in the church Hy'mn-In Christ There Is No East 01'

calendars and local newspapers; an- West. nouncements at meetings of children's Closing Pmye1'-By leader.

mission bands and in Sunday-schools As each child arrived he was given for two or three Sundays previous to a program on which were printed the the day; attractive posters on the prayers and words of the hymns so church bulletin boards-all brought that the service proceeded without anthe meeting to the attention of both nouncements. A song leader and a the children and their parents. It was gifted story teller contributed greatly. found advisable in all publicity to The program was completed in an hour link the children's meeting with the or perhaps a few minutes less so that other meetings being held for young people's and adult groups and to hold the children's interest was maintained al the services in the same church. throughout.

METHODS FOR WORKERS l}55

The following songs are exceedingly And crown thy good with brotherhood usable and e:lfective when used in From sea to shining sea. connection with an India Progralll. 0, beautiful for pilgrim feet INDIA'S SUNSET SONG Which suffer mortal pain, Tune: Jua.nita Who strive to find the way to God Now o'er the waters, °That way so clear and plain. B.urns the crimson afterglow, India, our India, God mend thine every flaw From a hundred temples, Make strong thy soul in self-control Fades the day so slow. Thy liberty in law. Where the Palm Tree rises Telling of a foreign strand 0, beautiful for patriot dream That sees beyond the years Turn our hearts in sorrow For this stranger land. Thine alabaster cities gleam India, sad India, °Undimmed by human tears. Let the dead years speak no more, India, our India, God shed His grace on thee India, sad India, And crown thy good with brotherhood Open now thy door. From sea to shining sea. Well may the sunset -Adapted by Mrs. Ferguson of Madra8 Leave the color mark of pain from "America the Beautiful." On sky and waters In its crimson stain. The followIng songs were written by Bishop Frederick Fisher and And where fiery sunbeams Rest on pyres where widows died Harry e. Knight, a young boy, after See we then the anguish each had visited Kalighat, the temple Centuries cannot hide. described by Katherine Mayo in Mother India. I secured them in Cal- Oh, how we're longing cutta. That you know the Prince of Peace A HYMN When He shall enter, Thou shalt find release Tune: Canonbury 01' Mary ton Methodist Hymnal 411 When the whole world's Saviour Lay beneath the Eastern Star Behold the millions in their tears Of sorrow, slave-hood, sin and shame: Saw you not your Day-spring Rising from afar? They grope through superstitious fears, Unloved, unknown is Jesus' name. India, 0 India, Dull worshippers of stones and trees, ° Lift your eyes from ruins old; Blind children of a blinder god; India, India, Weary, they crawl on hands and knees, Now thy Light behold. But know not why they toil and plod.

Far towards the sunset Gaunt women faint with loads of care, Lies a land to pilgrims dear, Unnurtured children fade and die, But alone in dreaming Nude pilgrims spend their lives in prayer, Do its shores appear. Yet find no answer to their cry.

Ah! the heart grows braver ° Master, of the ransomed life, Looking toward that Homeland shore, Give me the word to set them free, Let thy sweet calm replace their strife, And the time is coming When the sea's no more. Teach them the joy of trust in Thee.

India, our India. No cost too great to make them Thine- We would still with thee go on; These hungry crowds that seek in India, our India, o fiIl vain- with power divine, Onward toward thy dawn. Thy church INDIA, MY INDIA The clamoring millions to reclaim.

Tune: Matet'na -Frederick Fisher.

0, beautiful for azure skies, (Composed at Calcutta Tuesday, August For golden waves of grain, 30, 1921, on returning from Kalighat For snow-capped mountain majesties -famous Hindu shrine.) Above the palm-strewn plain.

0, India, my India, God shed His grace on thee

A PRAYER FOR INDIA center candle; each of the tables lights a candle before depositing the money. Tune: True-Hearted, Whole-Hearted The table having the most mite-box Father, Creator, Omnipotent Being, money has the pleasure of cutting the Save, Oh, we pray Thee, "mite-box cake" which has been hidden This land from sin's chain! in the large mite-box.

Give of thy grace and thy glorious teach- The music and five-minute program ing, provided by each table must be on the subject of mite-boxes. Souls of the heathen By love to regain. The following suggests the type of material to be used by tables. Chorus: Hark, they are crying! I paid for my hat, I paid for my gown, I paid for my coat I purchased down Out of the darkness Cometh a voice full of pleading to me, town, And when I returned, 'twas as plain as Hark, they are calling! Father, in kindness, could be Give us the wisdom to set them all free. A mite-box for Him, and a band-box for Father, Creator, Thou Heavenly Ruler, me. Send to thy followers Thy bountiful grace; I tossed in a dime but it did not seem right That, full of love and Thy wonderful power, I was not proud of that, 'twas a curious sight. We may help heathen To see Jesus' face. I took out my check book, I wished to be on the square Chorus: Hark, they are crying! etc. I wanted my giving to look like my prayer. -Harry C. Knight. The Mite-Bol< Opening TWO MITE-BOX SUGGESTIONS MRS. RAuBENALT, Ashland, Ohio A Mite-Box Party Last year a mite-box came to you Representing the four seasons, Winter, 'Twas empty, pale and sad; Spring, Summer and Fall. It held one tiny seed of hope The Winter Table. That you would make it glad. Covered with white crepe paper and (empty mite-box is shown) decorated with Christmas trees and It thought, perchance, 'twould be its lot Poinsettias. To sit all year and mope The Spring Table. But when you said, "I'll do my best" Covered with green and pink crepe Your interest roused its hope.

paper, cut out flowers, bluebirds and (tiny flower pot, no green visible, butterflies. Wax some butterflies and labelled, "Interest") put on the flowers. Use a little hoe, rake and shovel tied together and stand Thanksgiving came with merry cheer them up. Put a seed catalogue by them. For blessings great and small: The Summer Table. Your heart was filled with gratitude The mite-box felt them all. Covered with red, white and blue crepe paper. (larger pot, with green plant, labelled "Gratitude") The Fall Table. Use a paper table cloth with turkeys, You learned of sisters far away Now struggling towards God's light; apples, peaches and fruit in it; autumn leaves will add beauty. Your mite-box held the Sacrifice You made to help their plight. Each table in turn reports the number in attendance, its amount of mite- (larger pot with plant with buds on box money and the amount per capita. labelled, "Sacrifice") The one dressed as a mite-box writes When spring proclaims the Love of God this on a blackboard and the table chair- In everything that grows man takes the mite-box money to the head table and drops it in a large, Remembering those who know him not, beautifully decorated mite-box resem- Your mite-box overflows. bling a cake. Have on it five large candles. As the first table representative (blooming plant marked, "Love") is approaching the President lights the This mite-box held a seed of hope, Your love has made it grow.

We dedicate it now to Him From Whom all blessings flow.

(full mite-box)

METHODS FOR- WORKERS

INCREASING SUBSCRIPTIONS in his heart that he would not defile him- self.-Dan. 1: 8. Send to the Women's Missionary eociety of the United Lutheran Church "I wouln he true, for there are those in America, 723 Muhlenberg Building, who trust me." 1228 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, Pa., for a copy of Wave Length. Have *** your slips ready for subscriptions. Youth and Pleasure-She that liveth OUR MISSIONARY MAGAZINE in pleasure is dead while she liveth.- 1 Tim. 5: 6. Tune: Old Kentucky Home "God calling yet! shall I not hear? The sun shines bright on the missionary Earth's pleasures, shall I still hold field, dear?" The harvest is rip'ning today; But who will reap, if we never see it ** grow, Youth and Opportunity-So then as And who will bear the sheaves away? we have opportunity, let us work that And gaze on that glorious scene; which is good toward men.-Gal. 6: 10. Go up an~ stand on the mountain top "Sowing in the morning, today, Sowing seeds of kindness." And the glass that will bring all the dis- Youth and the* C"all "to Service-And tant harvest nigh, Is our splendid magazine. he said unto them, Follow me and I will make you fishers of men. . Chorus "Jesus calls us o'er the tumult." Wait no more, my lady! Oh, come sub- scribe today! ** For our magazine is the best you've ever Youth and Consecration-Also I heard seen, the voice of the Lord, saying, Whom shall I send and who will go for us? Then said And it's more than worth the price that I, Here am I; send me.-Isaiah 6: 8. you will pay. "Just as I am, Thine own to be Come down and toil in the harvest on the Friend of the young, who lovest plain, me."

For, Oh, the laborers are few! ** For it's only love that can garner in the Youth and Friendship-There is a grain, friend that sticketh closer than a And there's surely a corner left for brother.-Prov. 18: 24.

you! "Jesus is all the world to me." If you work all day in the Master's ** golden field, Who knows what a sheaf you can Youth and Wisdom-Study to show thyself approved unto God, a workman glean? that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly And the sickle so bright that is ready for dividing the word of truth.-2 Tim. 2: 15. your hand Is our interesting magazine. "Break Thou the Bread of Life."

The following took first prize at *** Chautauqua Institute of Foreign Missions, August, 1929, for the best De- Youth and Giving-Freely ye have revotional Service method. ceived, freely give.-Matt. 10: 8.

Mrs. J. H. Rush, its author, lives in "I gave my life for thee, What hast Ontario, Canada. Be sure to pass this thou given for me?" on to your young people. >I< >I< >I< Youth in Scripture and Song Youth and Vision-Where there is no Youth and Worship—Give unto the vision, the people perish.-Prov. 29: 18. Lord the glory due unto his name; worship his name; worship the Lord in the "Open mine eyes, that I may see." beauty of holiness.-Psalm 29: 2. >I< >I< >I< "Crown Him with many crowns." Youth and Courage-Watch ye, stand " … … fast in the faith, quit you like men, be strong.-1 Cor. 16: 13. Youth and Purpose-Daniel purposed "Be strong! we are not here to play, to dream, to drift."

*** Youth and Missions-Other sheep have I which are not of this fold; them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice; and there shall be one fold and one shepherd.-John 10: 16.

"Christ for the world we sing, The world to Christ we bring!"

WOMAN'S HOl1E AND FOREIGN

COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS AND FEDERATION OF WOMAN'S BOARDS OF FOREIGN MISSIONS PARTNERS IN PRAYER say, "The harvest truly is plenteous, World Day of Prayer, March 7. 1930 but the laborers are few. Pray ye It is a wonderful privilege to be a therefore" ! partner in the World Day of Prayer. What we need to guard against is the proneness to limit ourselves to a Who can measure its values? It is itself the product of prayer set day of united prayer. Rather shall which by the new vision of the world the day be the expression of the habit field united home and foreign mission of our lives, that we may always think of </urselves as members one of andays of prayer into one throughout other, humbly and gratefully saying, this land, and then extended the fel- "Our Father," and so joining in a unilowship to include Christian women . son of prayer, that the day may be 'round the world. hastened for which Christ himself Its fellowship overlaps all barriers prayed, "That they all may be one …. of race, color, national and class pride. that the world may believe." It includes the shut-in and the traveler, as well as those who assemble. Where MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD, meetings are held, prayers may be President, Council of Women offered in various languages; though for Home Missions.

the words are strange, the spirit that DEAR WORLD FRIENDS: animates them is understood by all. Those of different race and color and In the twelfth chapter of John's creed are seated side by side. National Gospel, Jesus, the World's Saviour, antagonisms are swept away by the excuses Mary's anointing of his feet. rising tide of Christian understand- The high priests are consulting to kill ing and good will. The inclusiveness him. The Christ rides into J erusaof Christ's love becomes an actual ex- lem; many who did not know Jesus perience. Sympathy is quickened to desired to see him. Jesus foretells active friendliness for the immigrant, His death. Many chief rulers believe, the oppressed and disadvantaged in but do not confess Him; therefore our own country, and the unprivileged Jesus calls earnestly for those who beand religiously destitute of every land, lieve in Him to confess Him openly. that they may learn of the love and It was at this hour that the Christ power of the compassionate Christ. gave to them and to us the key to the world's salvation: "And I, if I be In the spotlight of united prayer lifted up from the earth, will draw all the task which Christ has committed persons unto me." to His Church is more clearly seen, more fully apprehended. New methods Our World Day of Prayer, March are born, old ones adapted to meet 7, 1930, is to be one of sincere confes- present needs. United prayer leads sion and loving witnessing. Let us, as to cooperative effort. loyal daughters of our Heavenly All over the world the missionaries Father, set aside this day as Holy unto who bear the Gospel are heartened by the Lord. Every morning at sunrise, the consciousness that they are sup- until that day, let us study our own ported by the prayers of the Church lives, asking devoutly that the Holy at home. Prayer calls forth new mes- Spirit may lead and guide us into all sengers also, sends reinforcements in- truth.

to the ranks. Did not Jesus, our Lord, Preparation for this great and spe- 958 cial day of witnessing should be made FRIDAY. That the spirit of love may in an atmosphere of deep consecration, rule in the affairs of men, and that whether in colleges, high schools, day through a better understanding all :t:aces schools, or in churches and chapels. may be drawn into a universal brother- hood.

Let us all pray that March seventh SATURDAY. That in 1930, on this may indeed be another Pentecost. 1900th anniversary of Pentecost, the Christian Church in all lands may ex- Yours in bonds of service, perience anew the power of the Holy MRS. F. 1. JOHNSON, Spirit, and that Jesus may again be lifted up through a revival of the simple President, Federation of Woman's daily witnessing of His followers. Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. Pray Ye Therefore A Call to Prayer Many have been observing the noon- tide in prayer for peace, the sunset "And I, if I be lifted up from the hour each Sabbath as a time of prayer, earth, will draw all men unto me."- and now are setting aside the first John 12: 32. waking moments of each day for medi- tation and communion, for spiritual You are earnestly invited to join infilling in order more perfectly to with Christians of all lands in a World witness by word and life. Fellowship of prayer on March 7, 1930, by attending the service in your Has the "Call to Prayer" been discommunity on that day; also to unite tributed in your church, and throughwith others in "daily prayer with one out your acquaintanceship so that all accord during this 1900th anniversary may be joining in this daily cycle of of Pentecost. prayer? If not, it would be weli to get a supply immediately-it is free. "Evening and morning, and at noon Is the 1900th anniversary of Pentewill I pray * * * and he shall hear my cost claiming the attention of those in your area? The leaflet, "The Birthday voice."-Psalm 55: 17. of the Church" will aid in focusing though on this wonderful privilege of The following subjects for prayer, personally announcing the glad tidwhich were outlined for us by a young ings of more abundant life. woman of the Philippines, may well claim our waking moments each new day: SUNDAY. That all those in the Have plans been completed for pro- Church of Christ may, in preparation motion of the World Day of Prayer for the World Day of Prayer, March 7, in your community? Has a sufficiimt 1930, give themselves earnestly to the number of posters been procured to ministry of intercession. place one in each church, the Y. W. C. A., store windows, offices and other MONDAY. That we may be filled places of prominence? If not, they with the spirit of the Master, and may had better be secured at an early date manifest the devotion and sacrifice of the –10 cents each. early disciples, among them, women, who followed Him. Are the little seals being used on personal and official, social and busi- TUESDAY. That the Light of God's ness correspondence by all in your dis- Word may dawn upon the minds and trict? If not, why not start right guide the lives of all earnest seekers away-they are 25 cents per 100, $1.75 after righteousness. per 1,000.

WEDNESDAY. That there be an Have arangements been made for a awakening among Christians to their devotional service on the part of the opportunity to witness for Christ, and leaders and committee in charge prior that those who have not yet come to to the observance? The Service of know the Lord may find Him through Consecration "Looking Unto Jesus" a vital Christian experience. has been prepared to meet this need. Only two are required-10 cents each. THURSDAY. That the Youth of the World may consecrate all their powers to the building of God's Kingdom and may with rejoicing testify to Him and His power through their lives and message.

Do you know that a picture of each of women's, young people's and chilof the four projects designated for dren's groups, whether church, club special interest and gifts is included or social. with the program this year'! To be sure to have enough programs for all, Will all shut-ins and those in hospiplace the order early to avoid a dis- tals and institutions have a share in appointment-$1.75 per 100. the blessing of the observance? That is contingent upon distribution to them Will the meeting place be filled to of the "Call to Prayer" card and the capacity? That will partly depend program. upon local publicity. Do not forget to make plans early to utilize radio, news- Are we expecting an outpouring of papers, church pulpits, weekly calen- the Holy Spirit on the World Day of dars, bulletin boards and all meetings Prayer? "Ask and ye shall receive."

:B-'OREIGN MISSION BULLETIN THE NEW SECRETARY en's organized work in the church. Miss Tyler conducted the discussions At the November meeting of the of the conference with marked ability. executive committee of the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Mis- Miss Tyler's family home is in East sions, Miss, Florence G. Tyler was Aurora, N. Y., but for several years elected to the office of executive sec- she has lived in Tenafly, N. J. Her retar;y, left vacant since the death of church affiliations are Presbyterian. Miss Ella D. McLaurin in July. ANNUAL MEETING Miss Tyler comes to this position with excellent equipment for the task. The annual meeting of the Federa- Her training for organizational work tion of Woman's Boards of Foreign and her wide acquaintance with church Missions will be held at Atlantic City, women in all parts of the country were January 11-14, 1930. Mrs. Katharine gained first in the five years from 1915 Willard Eddy, chairman ,of the Proto 1920 when she was traveling young gram Committee, has issued a prepeople's secretary of the Presbyterian liminary announcement of the program, (U. S. A.) Board of Foreign Missions. which bids fair to be a most interest- The next five years she traveled among ing and inspiring one. the colleges as joint student secretary for the Presbyterian Board of Foreign The theme chosen is Spiritual Fac- Missions and the Woman's Board of tors and one of the meetings will be Home Missions (now the Board of Na- a forum on worship as a part of the tional Missions). In 1926 she resigned technique of religion. It is expected from this position to become secretary that the use of music as a means of of the cooperating committee of the worship will be especially stressed. Women's Union Christian Colleges of Dr. Rollin Walker has been asked to the Orient, and closed her work with give a series of addresses based on that organization only when the com- his new book, Jesus and the Present mittee went out of existence in Janu- Day. At one of the meetings Mrs. ary of this year. Henry W. Peabody will present the plan for a World Fellowship of Chris- In May, Miss Tyler acted as presid- tian Women. ing officer of the Presbyterian Conference of One Hundred Women A special feature on one evening meeting in St. Paul, Minn., which was will be a dinner at which women from called by the General Council of that other countries will be the guests of church to consider changes in the ec- honor and the speakers. Some recent clesiastical status of women within the international gatherings including the denomination and the future of wom- recent Evangelical Conference at Havana, the meeting of the Institute of Pacific Relations held in Tokyo in

J WOMAN'S HOME AND FOREIGN BULLETIN

October and November, and the meet- be presented by speakers who attended ing of the World's Y. W. C. A. will these conferences.

HOME MISSION BULLETIN BOOTH SHARED BY THE Y. W . C. A., THE W. C. T. U., AND THE COUNCIL 01<' WOM]1)N FOR ITOMg MISf'IONS INTERESTING THE UNINTERESTED Amid displays of fashions and service being rendered in Christ's foods, household appliances and arti- name. For a whole week folk flowed cles of all sorts at the Exposition of by. Results, who can measure? Women's Arts and Industries at the Hotel Astor, New York City, Septem- One afternoon a church women's ber 30th-October 1st, one discovered a booth thirty feet long shared by the forum was held, presided over by Mrs. Young Women's Christian Association, Fred S. Bennett, a former President Council of Women for Home Missions of the Council. Nine hundred churches and Woman's Christian Temperance in Greater New York received an- Union. Here attractively arranged nouncement for the church calendar were artistic posters, samples of lit- and pulpit notice. erature and pictures of projects. And what of the unseen audience As women not particularly or not at that listened to the program on the all interested in missionary activities air? On Wednesday morning, Septempassed, they stopped to look at the flags of many nations or the illumi- ber 11th, over WGBS the Executive nated cross flanked by the Christian Secretary of the Council told of the and American flags and were greeted work and on Wednesday afternoon, by the hostesses who described the October 2d, Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Presi- dent, spoke over WOR. On both days 5 the Y. W. C. A. and W. C. T. U. also presented their activities.

This was the fourth time the Council youth of the American Indian race had an exhibit at this annual Exposi- shall walk "the Jesus road"; we are tion. It is realized that a changing longing that all "citizens of tomorrow" world demands changing methods. To may be strengthened in body, mind and go out into the highways and byways soul. You are privileged to have a to make disciples now means not only share in enriching and gladdening to conduct mission stations, churches, these lives through your gifts on schools, hospitals, community and Golden Rule Sunday, December 8th. social service centers, to print books It will serve to make more joyous and prepare programs for missionary your celebration of that greatest gift groups, to address gatherings in of all, the child Jesus. churches and schools of missions, but means as well lifting the Cross in ANNUAL MEETING PLANS crowded commercial circles and sending the good news speeding over in- Again the Annual Meetings of the visible air waves to unseen hearers. Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home Missions will be We would recommend to missionary held in Atla"ntic City. On January 7th women in other districts participation to 8th meetings will be held of the in similar expositions in their cities Commissions of the North American and in county fairs as a rewarding and Home Missions Congress in preparasatisfying experience. tion for the Congress itself which comes in December, 1930, in Washing- GOLDEN RULE SUNDAY ton, D. C.

Many have, through these latter The evening of the 8th, the Annual years, been observing Golden Rule Meetings of the Councils will open Sunday annually in December as a day with a session devoted to Mormonism, of self-denial when special gifts are the 100th Anniversary of Mormonism made for those less fortunate. It has occurring in 1930. The Highlanders been decided that this custom continue of the South will be considered in joint to be fostered, the underprivileged session on Thursday evening. childhood of the world to be the recipients. People are asked to have a Separate daytime sessions of the frugal meal that day and to give Council of Women for Home Missions generously. will be occupied with reports and discussions on the many varied activi- One of the major projects selected ties-missionary education through for these gifts this year is the work literature, student work, international conducted by the Council of Women relations, legislative matters, law enfor Home Missions among migrant forcement, World Day of Prayer, confamily groups. Religious work in ferences and schools of missions, Government Indian schools, also con- women's local and state interdenomiducted by that Council, is another of national groups-and a joint business the projects for which gifts will be session of the two Councils will remade. Donors may specify toward ceive reports on Indian Work, City and what specific activity gifts are to be New Americans and other items. used. All gifts made through the Golden Rule Foundation will go in en- The prayers of all church women tirety to the objects specified, no de- are earnestly requested during the duction being made. The overhead days of preparation and especially on expenses of the Foundation are met January 8th-10th while the Annual from other sources. Meetings will be in session-that deci- sions shall be Divinely guided and all We are longing that more abundant that is done be in accordance with His life shall come to the little folk in the holy will "that they all may be one," families that harvest the crops so that "that Jesus may be lifted up," and to we may have fruits and vegetables the furtherance of the complete comon our tables; we are longing that the ing of His Kingdom on earth.

tion to this, more than a half a

A, Children's Crusade tracts were handed out.

FIFTEEN European countries have Helping French Protestants formed Committees on W 0 rId Friendship Among Children, similar THE French Protestant churches are in many ways to the American Com- faced with the cumulative difficulty mittee that has carried through the of the migration of their members two friendship projects with Japan from rural districts to the industrial and Mexico. The International Com- centers and to Paris. Some of the' mittee now includes eighteen coun- most fruitful centers are in districts tries, and it is hoped that a project in where the soil is very poor, and the which the children' of these countries temptation to go where they could will unite can be developed during earn higher wages was not to be re- 1931. England has already appointed sisted. But in the industrial areas and the officers and members of her Com- the great cities these people found mittee and plans to carryon a project themselves scattered among an unsymduring 1930 with the children of some pathetic population, practically pagan, European country. Holland and Bel- largely inclined to communism and acgium have agreed on the wisdom of tively hostile to all religion. They ofan exchange goodwill project between ten found themselves miles from the the children of the two countries.- nearest Protestant church. It was very Federal Council Bulletin. difficult to follow them up and keep in touch with them.

Belgian Gospel Mission The Protestant churches, many of which were destroyed in the war and THIS Mission recently made a test their supporters ruined, have had a at a Sunday meeting in Brussels. hard struggle to maintain themselves. There were about three hundred peo- With the greatest efforts the minimum ple present, and when, at the close, pastor's stipend was only £80 a year, they were asked how many had been and the average manse family was brought to Christ through the instru- four children.-The Christian. mentality of the Mission, some two hundred and twenty-five arose. This Girls' School Obtains New Site was a single testimony at one station.

Last year they were able to open four THE gift of $10,000 has made pos- new posts and dedicated three new sible a new site for the American halls. Today they have forty-three College for Girls in Athens. It con- posts at which services are regularly sists of 16 acres in a new suburb called held. Elleniko, on the sea front about four From the standpoint of Bible dis- miles beyond Old Phaleron where the tribution, one year's record will indi- college now occupies temporary quarcate how much the Mission has been tera, and about six miles from the city instrumental in circulating the Word of Athens. The location is remark- of God. Last year alone they dis- ably lovely, with the dark shoulders of tributed eleven hundred and twenty- Mount Hymettus as a background and nine Bibles, fourteen thousand New the marvelous blue iEgean in front.

Testaments, one hundred and three The village of Elleniko, with about thousand Scripture portions. In addi- 150 houses erected and 300 going up, 963

is being occupied for the most part by Youth in the Balkans professional people-doctors, lawyers, engineers,-graduates of Robert Col- ACCORDING to a statement made by lege and the American College for .t. Dr. W. R. Visser 'tHooft, of Girls of Constantinople, a highly congenial neighborhood. This site could Geneva, the immediate spiritual probnot have been secured but for the co- lem of holding the youth to the Church operation of the Greek government and is particularly acute in the Balkan the Refugee Settlement Commission. countries. The spread of modern Funds to erect new buildings will now secular civilization to the Balkans is a be the objective.-Record of Christian relatively new phenomenon, and is Work. coming with such swiftness as to make the task of the Church extraor- Conditions Change in France dinarily difficult. Orthodox Churches are only beginning to develop pro- DR. CHARLES MERLE D'AU- grams of religious education adapted to modern needs. According to Dr. – BIGNE, in the 83d annual report Visser 't Hooft, however, the most farof the World's Evangelical Alliance of seeing leaders in the 0 r tho d 0 x London, speaks of changed conditions Churches are awake to the situation in France since the Great War. and are trying to arouse their con- stituencies to deal with it effectively. "The materialistic and agnostic Especially in Greece are progressive philosophy .which with Taine and forces under way where the Brother- Renan had reigned supreme during 50 hood (Zoe), a group of young men years has been replaced by another who are devoting themselves to the infinitely more respectful of the tenets task of vitalizing the Christian reof the Christian faith, and mindful of ligion, is having a great influence, the spiritual nature of man. The Ro- through its schools and its publication man Catholic Church, which had lost of literature. In the present transiits hold on the mass of the French peo- tion period, Dr. Visser 't Hooft feels ple, is developing a remarkable ac- that the three Christian youth movetivity in all spheres of human enter- ments-the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. prise, social, political, scientific, and C. A., and the World Christian Stumore than all, literary; and by the dent Federation-have a unique part zeal of its priests, its work among the to play in the Near East.-Federal young, its schools and colleges, its mis- Council Bulletin. sions and retreats, the strengthening of its sacramental action, it is en- AFRICA deavoring,. and has in a great measure succeeded, in retrieving the losses it Black Jews of Abyssinia made during the last half century. The working classes and peasantry are MISSIONARY work among the still generally indifferent or hostile, Falashas or Black Jews was bebut the well-to-do and educated are gun by the Church Missionary Sobeing won back rapidly to the influence ciety before 1838, for in that year the of the Church. .:r'his change of atmos- missionaries were banished. The work phere is naturally affecting our own was again resumed in 1855, and in work. The days are past when mass 1859 the London Jews' Society sent movements towards Protestantism took out a worker. From 1864 to 1868 the place among the Roman Catholic pop- missionaries were thrust into prison. ulation and ex-priests sought admit- Until 1923 no work was carried on tance into our Reformed ministry. among the Black Jews, but since then Our propaganda has to adapt itself to the London Jews' Society has kept its the new conditions, and our enrolment workers in the field. Rev. Thomas of converts has to be made one by Chalmers, Editor of The Jewish Misone." 8io~wry Magazine, states that the Black Jews have evidently been in Abyssinia since before the days of

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Christ. Their worship is modeled tents, with a staff of one doctor and after the Tabernacle, with its altar and his wife, a woman missionary and dissacrifices, and not after the synagogue. penser, three Egyptian catechists, nine They are unfamiliar with the Feasts dressers and servants. of Purim and Dedication, which points to a separate existence since before "Some 200 people had assembled, the days of Esther. Missionaries of having tethered their donkeys and the London Jews' Society, now at camels, then came in turn to the rework among the Black Jews of ception tefit, where they registered Western Abyssinia, have just cele- and received a message in Arabic. brated their diamond Jubilee. From there they go to another tent for examination, then treatment. In a Populations Decimated small tent minor operations are made, more serious cases being sent to Old I N ONE small area of Africa alone, Cairo. Of the three catechists,. one with a population of three and one stays in camp, the other's visit villages half millions, there were recorded, in in the vicinity. the first three months of 1925, no fewer than 200,000 deaths from Re- "Before they leave the camp patients lapsing Fever and Cerebro-spinal are given the little pamphlets prepared Meningitis. Large areas have been by Dr. Harpur dealing with simple almost entirely denuded of population hygiene and treatment, written in diafrom the ravages of sleeping sickness. logue form. In this way a beginning In some parts of Africa the entire is made towards dispelling the utter population is affected with hookworm ignorance which in countless cases is and others with yaws. There are the cause of so much of Egypt's suf- 32,000 known lepers in the Northern fering and disease. They are also giv- Provinces of Nigeria and a mild esti- en copies of the Gospels and Epistles mate places the lepers in the Southern written in the colloquial Arabic spoken Provinces at 100,000. Malaria, yellow in the Delta country, and in this way fever, blackwater fever, plague (which the lessons of the camp are driven is mostly bubonic), smallpox, phythisis home for those who hear them, and (which is unfortunately rapidly in- through them passed on to villages far creasing), dysentery, and diarrhrea, and wide."-C. M. S. Gleaner. venereal diseases, etc., give rise to a mass of suffering, and sadly depreciate "ANight Life in Johannesburg the manhood which is the real wealth UNIVERSITY of crime!" The of any people. Mention must also be late Dr. Frederick B. Bridgman made of the diseases of women and t h u s characterized Johannesburg, children: the high mortality in preg- South Africa. Miss Mabel E. Emernancy and among infants in the first son, foreign secretary of the Amerifew weeks of life. In one place the can Board, confirms this description estimate of the infants dying within in The Congregationalist. the first three weeks of life was placed at 9 in every 10. In many places the "Hundreds of thousands of black infant mortality is known from sta- men and boys are recruited annually tistical data to be 480 per 1,000.- from all over South Africa to work "Conquest by Healing" Report. in these mines. These men come, usually under a nine months' contract, Medical CaDlp in Nile Delta and furnish the cheap labor which makes the mines pay the white man. OLD Cairo Hospital maintains a So high does racial hatred run in medical camp near Mit Ghamr, South Africa that the black man is desome fifty-five miles up in the heart barred by law from any skilled labol', of the Nile country. Rev. G. H. Har- however well he may be able to perris, editorial secretary of the C. M. S., form it. tells of a vlsit to this camp of fifteen "These thousands of black miners live like prisoners in the great bar-

racks of the mine compounds. There, "tell me the story you're telling in the segregated, .they are without the re- villages; I feel my sin; I must get straints of home and tribe, and often rid of my sin; I must know God. Ma adopt all the vice of 'civilization.' Risasi, tell me the story you've been Johannesburg offers splendid oppor- telling in the villages." tunity for speedy development along these lines." She told of the sacrifice on the Cross, explained the hope of Heaven. The Bantu Men's Social Center, The power of sin waR broken; a new founded and conducted by Rev. Ray dynamic came in. Since then he has E. Phillips, offers to these African been witnessing. He is learning to boys and young men recreational, edu- read, though probably fifty years old; cational and religious opportunities. he has started a school in his village; Gymnasium, lunch rooms, n i g h t and four months after his conversion, classes and clean movies fill the week. made a profound and absolute dedica- Phillips works closely with the Cham- tion of himself to God.' At the conber of Mines and the mine owners. ference six months later, when Masaba He has established circuits of moving rose to lead in public prayer, it was pictures which are shown in the com- the sensation of the day among the pounds. three thousand natives gathered to- gether to wait upon God for ever- One film, "From the Manger to the widening revival. Cross," is shown especially" on Sunday evenings. Reverent, silent when they The Church in Tangale should be silent, singing gloriously as the hymns were shown on the screen, MISSIONARY work for the Tanthe 3,000 men gathered in the com- gale tribe was begun early in pound made an impressive picture. 1917. In 1925 a small building was put up for a school at Kaltungo. One Congo Cannibal Won of the first converts taught the Gospel at Biliri, where interest steadily grew W F. ROADHOUSE, in the Sun- until in 1928 some 80 young people • day-School Times, tells of Ma- were enrolled, and a second station saba, employed twenty-five years ago was opened. This growth was con- tinued, until the past year saw 150 by Congo officials to commandeer rub- young men and about 50 young women enrolled in a Christian school. Each ber gatherers, men or women. He Sunday, from two to four hundred gather for worship, a feature of each had authority, and when men would service being testimony giving. At the Wednesday night prayer-meetings, not go with him to work, he would one has to be prompt to be among those who pray aloud. In one of the shoot them down, cut them up, put villages, the young men have put up their own building for school and them in a pot, add palm oil, cook them, chapel. In all, fifteen schools are now in operation. The most encouraging and eat them. He ate his hundred! feature of the work is the way the Christians are zealously carrying it All the natives knew him. He was forward the m s e I v e s.-Evangelical Christian. also the executioner for his chief, WESTERN ASIA hacking off men's heads, and was Turkey and Manual Labor known as the most cruel monster in I N TURKEY, work was formerly all that Congo country. .. looked upon as degrading, but to- day the Turks are reaching out eagerly In December, 1927, he carne to the Deti Hill station, directed by the"Heart of Africa Mission, and inquired for Ma Risasi (Miss Mary Rees, whose African name means Miss Bullets, because she shoots the Gospel so fast).

She treks down among the villages around Deti, alone, wades the streams, tackles big black men about their sins, preaches about hell and Heaven and God's requirement of righteousness.

"Ma Risasi," said this merciless black,

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

for more knowledge of how to do reports that he is about to establish a things with their hands, and do them new Baptist Church at Cana, where skilfully. When the American College Christ performed His first miracle. in Tarsus was reopened after the war Converts number more than twenty, and Turkish boys began to attend as and come chiefly from people who pupils, one dignified officer brought have not been identified with other rehis son, saying, "I and my father and ligious bodies. Baptists of the South grandfather were government officers, purpose to further extend their 'work but I want my son to get out of this throughout Palestine. life and earn his bread with his hands. Show him how to work." The Persian Church Slowly mechanical devices are being T HE work of evangelizing Persia adopted, and machinery installed, but has become a vital and well-organlarge factories are few and skilled ized campaign, dating from the interworkmen in these are largely foreign church conference in Ispahan in 1927. and not native Turks. This hurts the At this conference the ground work pride of Turkish leaders and makes for future complete union of the them more eager to receive help from churches was laid and a representative America in the form of schools teach- committee formed, which met in 1928 ing trades and industries. to make plans for a beginning of the evangelization of Persia by the native Rev. Paul E. Nilson, in charge of church. Also, four young men were the school at Talas, points out that in appointed by the Persian Church, conhis opinion the greatest contribution stituting the first board of home misto the Christianization of Turkey is sions in Persia. This board has sent not in teaching the young men various to all the churches detailed suggestions trades, but in helping them to be for enlisting every member in the honest workmen. The training in the work of spreading the Gospel-a work use of tools must be accompanied by which has been supported by the the teaching of those elements of char- churches throughout Persia. Misacter which make for a good and sionaries and native Christians now honest workman. Easy-going and go on walking or cycling tours through careless laborers; leaders who accept the country, depending on conversabribes and steal capital; both work- tions with Moslem fellow travelers and men and leaders with no sense of distribution of the literature which duty, punctuality or exactness; lack they carry for their work of converof cleanliness in using equipment; sion. A beginning in bazaar preachlack of confidence between partners ing has been made with caution in and lack of organization in industry some localities. The problem of rural have been very active factors in caus- evangelization is being studied and ing the downfall of native industrial methods devised for its solution. Perprojects in T u l' key. – Missionary sians are in some ways fickle folk. Herald. They constantly need something fresh to stimulate their enthusiasm, and Baptists in Galilee they soon tire of a new idea, yet both in church and out of church there is T HE Baptist Church in Nazareth unmistakable proof that many lives reports a Sunday-school with an are found again in Christ Jesus. average attendance of 235 maintained Among all the Persian Christians by the Southern Baptists of the United there is a readiness and confidence in States. It stands near the traditional prayer to which they respond magsite of that synagogue in which Jesus nificently should some sudden call Christ, returning from Capernaum, arise.-ConfJrr.qati()nab:~t Chu1'ch Migread the Bible lesson3 as described by Luke. The organization is rapidly be- sionary Outlook. coming self-supporting, and the pastor

INDIA eastern horizon) and when I get to Congress Considers "Untouehables" Dalat, the god of heaven is there"

T HE Working Committee of the In- (pointing to the western sky). dian National Congress is advocat- There are said to be anywhere from ing the following measures for the two to six millions of the Moi, yet removal of untouchability: there is not one missionary or even a (1) Throwing open Hindu temples native Annamese evangelist anywhere to the so-called untouchables by ap- among them.-Alliance Weekly.

proaching their managing trustees, etc.; Christ's Ethical Standards M (2) Throwing open of public drink- R. H. C. BALASUNDARAM, writ- ing in the Indian Witness, gives ing-water wells for the use of the socalled untouchables; the following testimony to the influ- (3) Throwing open public schools ence of Christianity in India: to the children of untouchables without A very valued Hindu friend in South distinction; India is at the head of a large banking concern. In the course of conversation I (4) Better living and sanitary habi- askl:!d him if he did not take very great tations for the untouchables; risks in advancing large sums of money to his constituents. He explained the (5) Instruction in sanitation and long p,rocess before any sum is given. hygiene; "But,' said he, "after the lawyer and the inspector have submitted their re- (6) Weaning the untouchables from ports I have a talk with the man. If in the evil habits of using carrion and the course of the talk I get the impresdrink.-The Congregationalist. sion that the man is unreliable I refuse to make the advance." He ended by say- A Degraded Race ing that after all the one thing which Counts with us in the bank is "char- T HE Moi of French Indo-China are acter." Another Hindu friend saying somewhat like the lowest type of goodbye to me said "Follow Jesus al- North American Indians. Ethnologists ways." These are just two examples out consider them the most degraded race of many which' can be paralleled in the on the earth. They are the original experiences of almost every Christian inhabitants of this land, but were driv- worker, indicating that the accepted canen into the mountains by the Chinese on of conduct in business and public life and Hindus three thousand years ago, is the Christ's conduct. It is not merely when they began the admixture of the adoption of the Christian standard, races which resulted in the Annamese. but the perpetual basking in that sun- Between the Moi and the Annamese is shine that counts. Nothing else is comthe bitterest hate, fear on the part of patible with the best interests of the individual and the community.

the Moi, and contempt on the part of the Annamese. An Undermanned Field I The Moi cannot count more than two F THE Moslem population of India received its proportionate quota of or three, and have no way of measuring distance or time except by the sun. missionaries as compared with the A Moi chieftain was asked how far Hindu population, nearly twelve hun- away he lived. He said he lived down dred missionaries would be devoting the road a long way. As every road themselves to the Mohammedans, but is well marked with milestones every out of 6,027 missionaries in this area kilometre, with names and distances only about 35 have had specialized clearly painted, he was asked how training for work among Moslems, and many kilometres away. He did not most of these are in Central and North know, and could not count the stones. India. At present there are only three Then. – (he understood Annamese or four men missiona1-ies (and two of well) how many hours it took to get them well beyond the age of retire- there. He pointed to the sun and said: ment) for over three and a half mil- "When I leave home, the god of heaven /.ions of Moslemll in South India,- al- is just coming up (pointing to the though the Church of England Zenana

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

Mission and other societies in Madras these areas serve to show the impor- Presidency and Mysore State are doing tance of this work. In the Telugu work among Mohammedan women and country there are 68,000 baptized ad- girls. Moslems in South India form herents, 45,000 are u-nder instruction six per cent of the whole population. for baptism, and on the average 7,000 The great importance of India for are baptized annually. The figures mission work among Moslems has been under the corresponding heads for summarized by Dr. Zwemer: Travancore are 38,000, 2,900, and 700; "It is the largest Moslem country in and for the Punjab 37,000, 400, and 1,- the world. It is the most active in the 900 respectively.

press, having 222 periodicals. It has 17 Moslem-spoken languages; is the Christianity at Work only country which has sent out Mos- "WTE DARE no longer use foul lanlem missionaries;. and, owing to Brit- W guage; the Christians would not ish rule, Moslems can publicly confess Christ as in no other land." work for us if we did!" was the testi- mony of a caste woman in a Christian village of fifteen years' standing.

Christian Witness for Nepal In some areas testimony has come OPEN preaching of the Gospel is that Christians, on account of their in- forbidden in Nepal, but for the tegrity, command higher field wages; past five years a Christian physician, that Christian laborers are in demand Dr. B. Pirthi .Dal, has been established for transplantation and harvesting be- in the last village within British Ter- cause they do not require close super- ritory, Jhulaghat, on the borders of vision; that poisoning of cattle, abu- Nepal. Without the aid of a grant sive language, and drunken brawls from any missionary society he has have become unknown since the Chris- been silently witnessing for Christ tian religion was introduced into the among those who have come to him for village; and that a non-Christian caste healing, and on one occasion he pene- man spent as much as Rs. 1,500 in trated Nepal itself for a distance of feeding his Christian serfs when the some 60 or 70 miles with three co- whole Christian village was burnt workers. He has established a chari- down by an accident.-Church Mis- table dispensary at Jhulaghat, where sionary Outlook.

thousands of Nepalese patients hear the message of Jesus every year. In OHINA fact every patient is given the mes- Christianity Taking Root N sage of the Great Healer of souls and OW and again one reads evidence of Chinese appreciation of Chrisbodies.-Indian Standard. tian principles. Prominent officials and C. M. S. M""", Movement bankers in Peiping and Tientsin re- THE Church Missionary Society has cently headed a successful drive to se- large responsibilities in India in cure $25,000 for a new men's regard to mass movement work in sev- dormitory for Yenching University, en different areas. The result of this Peiping, a most encouraging instance particular work is that literally thou- of good-will and international coopera- sands of people are baptized every tion. To this may be added the fact year. In some of these centers the na- that about a year ago a Child Wel- tive church has been able to undertake fare Association was organized in a large share in the work both with Shanghai. It is under the chairman- staff and finances, while 'in other areas ship of Dr. H. H. Kung, Minister of the Indian workers are few and not Commerce and Industry and an active yet fully experienced, consequently the member of the Congregational Church.

supervision and guidance of the for- During the year this Association has eign missionary are still necessary. received and distributed, mainly for The following figures for three of famine relief, about $20,000, of which

about 16 per cent. came from Chinese have formally assumed full responsifriends. The rest came from America. bility for all work heretofore known as At their first annual meeting, they the American Board Mission. The inadopted the aim of upholding the digenous church becomes the center rights of the children of China, and from which the whole missionary enpromoting their welfare in every pos- terprise of North China Congregationsible way. Other events show that alists will be directed. The Council Christianity has taken root in China. becomes a Promotional Board of the -Frank Rawlinson. Church instead of a joint mission- church administrative body. As such Idols Overturned it will have, among other things, direct communication with the churches of ASECULAR movement a g a ins t the West through the American Board idol-worship, impelled by a of Commissioners for Foreign Misstrong nationalism, is under way in sions, with which it cooperates. Amerthe Shantung Province of China. Na- ican Board missionaries are invited to tionalist workers have removed idols become members of the Chinese from many temples and have inaugu- Church, and only as members or aprated several types of community serv- pointees of the Chinese Church will ice therein. One of the largest of they hold any office in the administrathese temples has been made into a tion of work in China. In other words, home for the aged, and 200 poor men missionaries of the American Board and women, 60 years of age or older, now become missionaries loaned by the have been admitted. The "Throne American Board to the Chinese Room" in another celebrated temple, Church.-Missionary Herald. where for centuries the god, Tai Shan, had received the homage of millions, Ra.iders Slauglo.ter 20,000 has been turned into a city hall. The huge image, once worshipped with fer- A MASSACRE by Mohammedans vor, now lies with many smaller of 20,000 men and boys in Danimages in a rubbish heap.-Indian gar city, province of Chinghai, China, Witness. is reported by Findley Andrews, an American missionary of the China In- Ameriean Board Milestone land Mission, who has returned from a three months' investigation in the A CHANGE in the method of se- famine areas of northern China. His lecting delegates was a feature story is one of the most terrible on of this year's session of the Council of record. He says that Mohammedan North China Kung Li Hui (churches raiders in two hours annihilated the associated with the American Board) : male inhabitants of the mountain city Heretofore each station association and then looted the homes. Religious had sent one Chinese and one foreign fanaticism is given by Mr. Andrews as missionary delegate. This year there the motive for the raid. A Moslem re- Wml to be no discrimination as to na- bellion has prevailed in Kanau province tionality. Out of the thirty delegates for some time. The missionary says present, eighteen were Chinese lead- Dangar presents a new type of probers_ This reorganization marks what lem, for there are thousands of women may be called the third stage in Ameri- there witho",t husbands or brothers, can Board work in North China. Be- and in despair. The city was full of ginning in 1860, with no Chinese starving refugees at the time of the church at all, missionaries were obliged to assume full control. In rajd.~Missio1J-S. 1914, most administrative functions were transferred to the joint Chinese- JAPAN-KOREA Foreign Council, which for the past 15 years has been one-half Chinese and "What Think Ye of Christ?" one-half foreign. After two years of study and discussion, Chinese churches REV. FRANCIS N. SCOTT asked fifty-seven young men in his class in ethics at Aoyama Gakuin to say un-

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

reservedly what they thought of Jesus schools and the 1,353 government Christ. The students averaged 22 schools, less than thirty per cent of years of age. Although Confucius the boys and girls of school age are in ranks very high with the educated school. Six church bodies are working class, the majority considered Jesus in the Korean Federal Council, and by the greatest man who ever lived. mutual consent the territory has been About one-third of the group thought divided among the various missions so of Jesus as a Saviour. that there is no overlapping. This has A little more than half the class worked out splendidly, and many work- cannot think of Jesus as the Son of ers have been able to push out into God. One said he was not a Christian, unevangelized territory.-Presbyteri- but that he "worships Christ." One an Survey.

who said he couldn't believe Christ more than man is a third-generation For Chinese in Korea Christian whose father is an ardent T ARGE colonies of Chinese, undisciple of Bowne. Practically every L touched by the Gospel, are living man in the class is greatly impressed with the teaching of Jesus concerning in Korea. Rev. C. E. Scott tells of Love. Love seems to be one of the out- preaching circuits established for standing things' in the Japanese con- these Chinese, the work centering in the capital of Korea, Pyengyang, a ception of Christianity. Several were impressed with the sinlessness of Je- flourishing city of 100,000 inhabitsus, which they seem to accept quite ants. With the help of Americans, naturally, and lament their own sin- Koreans and Chinese, a site was sefulness and inferiority as compared cured in the heart of the city, and with Him. yard and building remodeled to supply a chapel suited to the purpose. Rev. That Jesus is an ideal character, and Lieu Yen Ting, Shantung pastor and one whose example may safely be fol- former professor of theology in lowed, was a practically unanimous Tenghsien Seminary, was persuaded opinion. to take charge of the undertaking.

Although many of the Chinese women Heroic Faith have lived in Korea for ten to twenty I T IS estimated that two per cent of years, they have not learned the lan- the entire population of Korea are guage, and following Chinese custom, professional beggars, many of whom never appear in public and do not are orphan boys and girls; between know other Chinese women. This is eight or nine per cent are in the pov- in striking contrast to the Korean erty-stricken class. It is also estimated women, who appear on the streets in that seventy-five per cent of the best as large numbers as the men, and who rice land is in the hands of the J apa- attend religious meetings by the hun- nese; seventy-five per cent of the Ko- dred. In some cases, Chinese women rean farmers have landlords, and the are eager to attend services, but are average annual income of the farmers prevented from doing so by their hus- is $137.00, yet last year the Korean bands. "Not Chinese custom," say Church gave $623,380 to carry the they. The great need is for Bible Gospel into Asia. All baptized Chris- women, to visit these sisters living in tians give to Home and Foreign Mis- isolation.-Record of Christian Work. sions, and the Korean Church is carrying on Foreign Mission work in Christian Church in Korea B Siberia and in Shantung Province, ECAUSE it is a small country, without such dialects as exist in China. At present, in Korea, there are 571 China, it is not difficult to obtain ac- mission schools in which 42,000 boys curate information about missionary and girls are getting a Christian edu- progress in Korea. The Christian con- cation. Yet with these 571 mission stituency is now about one and one

half per cent of the population, after AUSTRALIA AND THE ISLANDS forty-five years of effort; whereas in Japan, after seventy years, it is two Church Aeroplane thirds of one per cent; and in China, after one hundred and twenty years, A STRIKING ministry of an Aus- less than either Japan or Korea. Sta- tralian Home Mission Society is tistics for 1927 give the total of com- that of the Bush Church Aid aero- municants, catechumens and probation- plane. This machine is devoted ex- ers in Korea as 157,852. Of this clusively to the work of the Gospel, number the Presbyterians and Metho- and Rev. L. Daniels is pilot and me- dists have a joint total of 141,534, chanic all in one. With the plane (a while the remaining 16,318 are divided De Haviland' "Moth") he ranges all among the Church of England Mission, over the vast outback, ministering not Oriental Missionary Society, the Or- only to people in the far distant town- thodox Russian Mission, the Seventh ships, but also to the folk on the sta- Day Adventist Mission, and the Salva- tions and isolated sections. Nature tion Army. This body of Protestant has provided many excellent landing Christians totals with adherents and grounds, and the people of the Far attendants, perhaps 300,000 in a popu- West are keen to have the "sky pilot" lation of about twenty millions. The give them a visit. For twelve months number of Roman Catholics is given as the plane has been in flying commis- 108,298. sion, and results have fully justified its use for the Kingdom of God.-Aus- The Presbyterian Church in Korea trafia Christian World. has been autonomous since 1907. It erects all its own church buildings, Hospital Nam.ed for Bishop Brent pays all current expenses for its church buildings, and furnishes all the ON MAY 11th, National Hospital .salary of its ordained pastors. Day in the Philippine Islands, the name of the Church Hospital in Zam- Students Make Use of Training boango, Mindanao, was officially changed to Brent Hospital, to honor CHOSEN Christian College has some the memory of the late Charles Henry thirty students who assist in reli- Brent, first Bishop of the Philippine gious services regularly on Sunday. Islands and the founder of the hospital. During the fall term of 14 weeks, 22 Formally opened on February 7, 1914, such students reported having Brent Hospital was the first to be es- preached 59 sermons, taught 245 Sun- tablished for the civilian population of day-school classes, assisted in music Zamboanga. Since the establishment and other forms of pastoral work. of a government hospital much of the During vacations, student groups go charity work of Brent Hospital has to all parts of Korea on evangelistic been transferred to that institution, tours. Thus new Christian centers are but Brent still renders a large volume established, and churches are renewed. of free medical assistance through its dispensary, and a large proportion of In February of this year a survey the American and foreign elements of was made of the 197 living graduates the community are cared for. The of the college at that time. It was medical work is in charge of Dr. J. C. found that 59 of them were paid help- Trota, a young Filipino surgeon, who ers in the church or in church and acquired his medical and surgical edumission institutions; 30 were known cation in the United States and who to be active lay workers in the church, has had a wide experience with dis- while 53 others were known to be eases of the temperate and tropical Christians; only a few of the total zones. The nursing staff consi~ts of ~umber are known not to be Chris- six nurses all trained at St. Luke's tians.-Korca Mission Fidd. Hospital, Manila. During Ii recent month seven different nationalities

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

were treated: Filipinos, Chinese, ized and a Survey Committee ap- Americans, Moros, Japanese, Armeni- pointed.

aIlS and Spanish.-Spirit of Missions. In Arizona, an Interdenominational Cou neil of Bishops, Superintendents, Christmas tor a Buddhist Priest Executives and Field Representatives ONE of my most valuable experi- has been set up and a Survey Commit- ences in the Philippines, writes tee appointed. Orville L. Davis, has been the friend- ship of an ordained Buddhist priest Christ-the Hope of the Jews I who attends my class on the Life of N 1905 there were 8,000 converted Jews in the United States; now Jesus. Noting some of the glamour of Christmas celebrations in homes, there are approximately 20,000.

he contrasts it with some of the beau- More Jews have been converted in tiful church services held in Japan, Europe since the war than in any emphasizing the fact that Christmas twenty-year-period before the war in is a day of deep religious significance, the history of Europe.

and not for indulgent merrymaking. Much is being said about making He takes pride in the fact that the Palestine a national home for the Japanese along with their dramatiza- Jews, but this race will never really tions and games, have "solemn cere- be at home except in the Church of mony and good preach." The following Christ. It is a remarkable fact that are his own words: "I believe that, despite all the political and financial step by step, Christmas will be intro- inducements that prominent leaders of duced among the Japanese families as the community have offered to Jews in other civilized countries. I sincere- to go to Palestine, so few of them have ly hope that the true Christian right- gone there hitherto. While Christian eousness and love shall soon penetrate missions to the Jews have been inade- throughout our nation." quately supported, and have had few indeed of the human resources en- NORTH AMERICA joyed by the Zionist Movement, they State Home Mission Councils have persuaded almost, if not quite, as A NEW cooperative spirit among many to turn to Christ as the Zionist churches of the south has re- organizations have induced to go to sulted in the development of State Palestine.

Home Mission Councils. In Georgia, the organization of a Baptist Growth T Council of Home Mission Superintend- HE American Baptist Home Mis- sion SOclety, in its 97th annual reents' has been effected, which is .e~­ pected to bring the denominational port, summarizes the year's progress leaders together annually in confer- as follows: Two new Mexican mis- ence. sions opened, one in Wellington, Kan- In Tennessee, a Home Missions sas, the other in Gary, Indiana; the Council has been organized whose an- completion of a cooperative undertak- nual meeting will be held during the ing in Nevada whereby the mission- period of the Institute for Rural Pas- aries of the two Home Mission Socie- tors at Vanderbilt University, each ties are now enabled to reach five April. fields; the dedication of new buildings In Alabama, a State Council of at Lodge Grass, Montana, and Wa- Home Missions convened in the city tonga, Oklahoma; growth of Bible and of Birmingham, on June 7th. Christian fellowship groups in Chris- In Florida, there' was a meeting of tian centers; completion of tlie church the denominational executives in Or- building at Winnemucca, Nevada; lando in June. dedication of a church and parsonage In New Mexico, a Superintendents' following an evangelistic campaign by Council for the state has been organ- the workers in charge of chapel car

"Grace," in Utah. The number of Canada lead with an annual expendicollege students in the Negro schools ture of thirty-five millions. Great assisted by the Home Mission Societies Britain spends eleven millions each increas&d from 500 to 2,500 in the last year while the Protestant churches of five years. Germany, Norway and Sweden each average slightly over a million. The Missionaries and general evangelists report a total of 6,402 baptisms as Protestant churches of South Africa follows: English-speaking, 403; In- are giving on an average of half a mildian fields, 184; foreign-speaking, 1,- lion annually to the extension of the 239; general evangelists, 2,500; Latin Christian faith in the hinterlands of America, 1,236; colporteur-mission- that great continent.-OuUook of Misaries, 840. sions.

Pre8byteri~ns Reach Two Million Union Approved FOR the first time in its 141 years DELEGATES to the general confer- of existence, the Presbyterian ence of the Evangelical Synod of Church in the U. S. A. has a communi- North America have approved a plan cant membership of two million people, of union with the Reformed Church according to the official census just in the United States and the United made public by Dr. Lewis Mudge, Brethern in Christ without a dissentstated clerk of the General Assembly. ing vote. The church merger, if ap- The exact membership is 2,004,467, a proved by commissions of the three net increase of 41,629 for the church denominations, will unite about 1,000,- year which closed April 1, 1929. This 000 communicants. is the largest annual net increase in the past four years. The number of Both the Reformed Church and the new communicants added on confes- United Brethern have approved the sion of faith was 113,995, the largest plan in principle. Organic union will accession of new converts in the past be mapped out at Dayton, Ohio, by the five years. Presbyterian statistics re- three commissions. The plans then lating to membership are based on the will be submitted to the separate de- nominations again for final action.

number of communicants in good standing, and not on the Presbyterian Church. Boards Merge A population or upon the number of bap- MERGER of missionary boards is taking place in the Methodist tized members. The number of infants baptized during the past church Protestant Church. The new board of year was 45,470, an increase of 846 missions, consisting of twenty-one over the previous year, and the largest members, including six ministers, four number in the past four years. The laymen, ten women and the president Sunday-school statistics are less en- of the general conference, takes over couraging. The total number of Sun- the duties 'of the former board of for- day-school members enrolled is now eign missionary administration, board 1,595,313. This is a loss of 18,700 for of home missions, and women's home the year, whereas for the previous missionary society, and combines two year there had been a gain of 17,498. weekly publications, the Methodist Re- corder and the Methodist Protestant.

Expenditures for Foreign Missions I N A table recently prepared in the Su.mmer in Tenneesee Mountains offices of the International Missionary Council, the aggregate annual in- THE summer of 1929 has been in come of Foreign Missionary Societies many ways the greatest in the hisin different countries reveals a total of tory of church extension in the Tensixty millions of dollars spent annually nessee mountains. While many on foreign missions around the world. churches in large centers were closed The churches of the United States and for the summer, it was a time of great activity in 'isolated and neglected

WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

places in the Southern Highlands. support has increased 700 per cent to Thirty-five vacation Bible Schools were nearly $3,000, and total giving to nearheld in Cumberland Mountain Presby- ly $50,000. tery, practically all in regions beyond churches and pastoral care, and under "Our objectives are three: Stratethe directions of the Sunday-school gically located modern equipment, well Missionary of the Presbyterian Board trained racial and bilingual leaders, of National Missions. The smallest and the awakening of all to inter-racial school was at Annadel, where classes cooperation."-WorI4 Service News. were held under the trees. Their wretched school had been destroyed by LATIN AMERICA the flood disaster of March, 1929. The largest school was at Gobey, a lumber 1"HE Latin-American Prayer Fellowcamp. The young men there all work ship was organized by Mr. A. B. in the saw mill, so the young people's DeRoos for evangelizing the unreached class and the adult class met together in Mexico and Central America. It is at night. Each evening there was a composed of a band whose hearts the recreation period from 6: 30 to 7: 30, Lord has touched, people of one heart after which the pupils went into the and one spirit, seeking to get the Gos- . house for classwork. After the devo- pel to unreached peoples, while dependtional period. the teachings of Jesus ing upon the Lord to furnish all were studied, and the last period was needed means for the work, without spent in discussing young people's any advertising. problems. Important results have come and will come from the work done in This Fellowship is aggressively this class. All the places have asked seeking the evangelization of Mexico's for Bible schools next year, and three millions of neglected Indians. new Sunday-schools have been organ- Through Mr. DeRoos and a group of ized in neglected communities.-James native Indians two tribes are being D. Burton. reached; two others have been entered with marked success. Beside the six- Interracial Opportunity teen native workers there are seven foreign men ahd women, whom God REV. VERNON M. McCOMBS, has gathered from New Zealand and Supt. Latin American Mission, America, all mentally and spiritually Los Angeles, says: "There is no op- equipped for aggressive work. They portunity to reach the hearts of the plan to enter as many as possible of peoples of Mexico, France, Italy, Spain, the forty-three tribes of Indians in Portugal, and other Latin races like ]Hexico. that offered by home missions among their 8,000,000 fellow Latins living in Three Joys the United States. The" last four years in the Latin American Mission have DON MARCELINO Vasquez is the seen seventy-three workers making outstanding Christian leader of 150,000 visits, preaching to over 1,- the Indians in Guatemala. The follow- 000,000 worshipers at 30,000 services, ing story of finding his Lord is transplacing 12,000 copies of God's Word, lated from the Spanish: and a quarter of a million copies of other Christian literature, winning "The knowledge of the way of God nearly 3,000 converts, and receiving has brought me three great joys, Ilnd 1,200 full members. Church schools I know that what is true of me is true now enroll 3,225 and there are 1,100 of many of my people. The first joy Leaguers. The growth in leadership is the joy of a song. I never knew the in four years shows the number of joy of singing until I learned it with ordained ministers more than doubled, the Gospel. The second joy is the joy and twelve others.in training. Self- of prayer. Ever since the first mis- sionary by his example tauJlht me to speak to my Father, it has been my joy to take all my problems to that Father. We have sometimes taken a

night and a day to talk it over, but we ber of towns in the southern part of have never failed to come to an under- the Republic and to the rural sections. standing. What confidence prayer puts -Jay S. Stowell. into life! Leaven in Brazil "The third joy is the joy of service. I had to learn to read after I was con- THE Penna Evangelica, published verted. With what pleasure I began under auspices of Presbyterian misto spell out the words and so discover sionaries in Cuyaba, Brazil, has 500 the will of God for myself! When God subscribers, and carries a weekly gosgave me fellow believers, we had to pel message into the homes of many erect a house of prayer. What Ii joy it who do not attend church service. was to sacrifice and save and see God's This little paper, edited by Senor Jose house take form before our eyes! We Nonato, has made a brave fight against had to found a school so our children corruption, vice and unrighteousness, might have opportunities we had never even in high places. The state lottery, enjoyed, and this brought with it dif- the cabarets, drinking, gambling and ficulties and even persecutions which other social evils have been couragethe Lord gave us joy in facing and ously condemned and combated. The overcoming. The joy of having a mes- editor has been subjected to threats, sage of salvation to give to men and ridicule and persecution, but has never of having men to whom to give it is given an inch of ground to the enemy. beyond all comparison. Personal reasons have compelled him to resign the editorship, but the work "The joy of the Gospel has kept us goes on under the direction of the new through sickness and persecution, and, pastor of the Cuyaba Church. while we are grateful to those who have aided in any way to bring to us Critical liituation in Peru the knowledge of the Gospel and to enable us to bear testimony more ade- THE following translation of a Pequately to the truth among our people, ruvian Government Decree which it is the Christ to whom those of us has been published in various papers who know Him must bear a united in South America, calls for urgent testimony wherever man is found, and prayer for the Master's work in that it is to Him that we owe the joy of our country. This will affect all Protessalvation."-Robert E. Speer. tant work being done in Peru.

Another Cooperative Project Article 1: In the educational estab- lishments which are in operation in the A HOME mission project being put RepubliQ, both official and private, doc- into effect in the Dominican Re- trines which in any sense are opposed to public is the direct outgrowth of co- the religion of the State may not be operative Protestant work in the taught. neighoring island of Porto Rico. Instead of assigning territory to the dif- Article 2: The private educational ferent denominations, Protestant institutions in which this decree is ingroups began a strictly cooperative en- fringed will be closed. The government terprise which bears no denominational may, in such cases, confiscate in accordname. The work includes evangelism, ance with the law, the respective buildworship, religious education, school ings and educational material. work and hospital service, which has not only done much to help relieve Article 3: Moral and religious educaphysical suffering, but has helped to tion shall be given in all the colleges and raise health standards for the entire schools of the Republic, both official and island and provides opportunity for private, subject to the plans, program, the professional training of nurses. and decrees which the government may This program began in Santo Domingo make, and in accordance with the text and has since been extended to a num- books approved by the ministry of educa- tion.

Article 4: The children of parents who belong to different religious persuasions may be excused from religious instruc- tion, prescribed in the foregoing articles,

19291 WORLD-WID:8 OUTLOOK

provided that the dispensation be ob- world in our own generation, and emtained from the ministry of education by phasizes evangelism at home as well the respective parents or guardians. as abroad. In view of the immensity of the world task, it urges the neces- Article 5: The government shall, es- sity of every Christian being a soultablish schools for the indigenous popula- winner and the coordination of work tion where it deems convenient, and, in at the home-base and in the foreign the departments of Puno, Loreto and field. Ayacucho, it shall establish pedagogical institutes for masters and mistresses of The case for America was recently the indigenous population. epitomized in the Literary Digest: Article 6: In the ministry of educa- "More than thirty-two per cent of tion there shall be created a department all Presbyterian, Northern Baptist, of indigenous education, whose organiza- and Methodist Episcopal churches in tion and functions shall be determined the United States do not report a by the government. single convert last year (1927). The figures show that Article 7: The present decree shall form an integral part of the reform to be "In 3,269 of the Presbyterian adopted in accordance with Law No. churches there were no converts. 6520. "In 3,474 Northern Baptist churches -Inland So. American Mission Bul!e- there were no converts. tin. "In 4,651 Methodist Episcopal MISCELLANEOUS churches there were no converts.

Lambeth Conference "This ratio seems to show that in sixty thousand churches of all denomi- THE year 1930 will mark the hold- nations in America during 1927 not ing of the Lambeth Conference, one person was added on confession of which, once in a decade, brings together faith in Christ." the bishops of the Anglican communion throughout the world. The con- Missionaries Increasing ference will be held from July 7th to August 29th, and invitations have al- AMONG the signs that point to inready been addressed by the Archbish- ft creasing interest in Christian op of Canterbury to the 370 bishops of missions abroad is the fact that the the Anglican body. The central theme number of new missionaries sailing in of the gathering is to be "The Faith 1928 exceeds those sailing in 1927 by and Witness of the Church in This over one hundred. This is the first Generation." Included in this general year since 1920 to show an increase heading are the following concrete over the previous year. topics: Outgoing missionaries last year 1. The Christian Doctrine of God. numbered 667 but these are not 2. The Life and Witness of the Chris- enough to maintain missionary pertian Community. sonnel abroad. At least 1,500 new mis- sionaries are needed annually to make 3. The Unity of the Church. good the losses due to retirement, ill health, and other causes, in the total 4. The Anglican Communion. Protestant mission force of about 30,- 5. The Ministry. 000 missionaries. North America has furnished over four-sevenths of that 6. Youth and Its Vocation. total, so that at least 850 new mission- aries are needed each year from North World Dominion Movement America to maintain the present mis- sionary forces.-Student Volunteer. THE World Dominion Movement which was organized in Great Britain by Dr. Thomas Cochrane a few years ago, is neither controversial nor sectarian; it is inspirational and constructive; a unifying fellowship. It stands for the evangelization of the 6

00K5 WORTH

~§ Any books mentioned in these columns will be forwarded by us on receipt of price.-THE REVIEW.

Through Central Africa. W. J. W. Roome. subject. HiB'many wanderings through 8 vo. 5s. Marshall Morgan and Central African forests as agent of Scott, Ltd., London, England. 1929. the British and Foreign Bible So- ciety, during which he has become the This volume is just what its author intimate friend of missionaries of all calls it, "a story." It deals with the the societies working there, have envery heart of the African continent, abled him to see the work in the large the section about the border lines of and have qualified him to give council Southern Sudan, Uganda and Congo of the utmost importance as to its BeIge. Remote from the rapidly ex- further development. tending paths beaten by civilization, this area still represents Africa at its P. H. J. LERRIGO. wildest and Mr. Roome's story pre- Aggrey of Africa. By Edwin W. Smith. sents to us the little people of Bido in Illustrated. 8 vo. 292 pp. $3. New the depths of the pigmy forest and re- York and London. 1929. lates how the African apostle, Apolo, won their hearts and set his Bakonjo This Christian son of Africa, eduboys the task of foliowing them in cated in three continents, was proud their forest wanderings with the mes- of his color, though cultured white sage of Christ. people slighted and sneered at him be- It is but seldom today that the white cause of it. He was wont to say: man's travels take him into the midst "If I went to heaven and God said, of tribal warfare but Mr. Roome's 'Aggrey, I am going to send you back motor did just this and enables him to earth, would you like to go as a to tell of the Lugware revolt in the white man l' I would reply 'No, send midst of which only the missionaries me back as a black man. I can do a walked unguarded. Occupying the work as a black man that no white man center of the book is the account of can do. Please send me back as black the attack upon the ancient curse of as you can make me.''' Babel, made by the Rejaf language conference, which resulted in shedding There spoke the Spirit of Christ in light in the midst of a linguistic chaos this saint in ebony. He was a man and deciding upon what languages who was loved and respected by all who should be used for educational pur- knew him. The color of his skin did poses in a broad area. not affect the purity and beauty of his soul. J. E. Kwegyir Aggrey was born The book tells of training wild ele- on the Gold Coast, West Africa, in phants at Abi and pictures the work 1875 and died in New York City on of the several missionary societies July 30, 1927. He came of a line of which are taming the wild men of this powerful chiefs. His father and area. Perhaps the most important mother were both strong characters. chapters of the book are those in the They could not read or write but imend which deal with the question of bued their son with a high sense of occupation and the strategy governing honor. He was baptized and sent to a the development of the Christian cause Wesleyan Methodist school when he in Central Africa. No one is better was eight years of age. The boy fitted than Mr. Roome to speak on this showed great eagerness to learn and 978

BOOkS WORTH READING

aptitude in his studies. Later he said heroic young Church of England Canon that his father and mother became live before us. Many striking and Christians through him. stimulating quotations, taken from his This story of Aggrey's life is stimu- diaries and letters, show his innermost lating and instructive. It shows a man thoughts and feelings, his ambitions of rare spirit and culture. He was and conflicts. Canon Gairdner showed well informed, witty and wise; his his courage and spiritual sincerity as judgment was sought by black and a Christian when a student at Cam- white and he was an orator and a bridge and these characteristics were continually manifested during his teacher of high ability. Though he died at the age of forty- thirty years in Cairo. He was a true eight he had received many honors in friend and a faithful missionary. to Africa and in America. He was suc- Moslems. The story of his life is incessively teacher in West Africa; in- tensely interesting to all with a like terpreter in the Ashanti Expedition nobility of spirit and unselfishness of (at twenty-one); professor at Liv- purpose.

ingstone College, North Carolina; a It is a stimulating life story and student at Columbia University; will help to perpetuate Temple Gaird- pastor of a Methodist Church; a mem- ner's influence on young men. The ber of two Phelps-Stokes commissions record of his life magnifies his Lord to Africa and a member of the staff and Saviour, Jesus Christ.

at the Prince of Wales College and School, West Africa. Seven Thousand Emeralds. By Frank C.

Edwin W. Smith, the author of Laubach. Illustrated by Margaret "The Golden Stool" and other volumes Ayer. 12 mo. 158 pp. 75c paper, $1 has given us a well-written and an un- cloth. New York. 1929. usually stirring story of a remarkable man. This will do more to alleviate Enthusiasm for the, subject and the and destroy race prejudice than will way it is presented is the feeling with many theoretical or rhetorical dis- which one lays down this little volsertations on the subject. It is also ume. It is the best short story of the a conclusive proof of the image of Philippines and is a masterpiece of God in ebony and the worthwhileness missionary writing for young people. of Christian missions to the Africans. It will interest those from ten years of age to one hundred for it has hero tales of adventure, of sacrifice and Temple Gairdner of Cairo. By Constance service. Perhaps the picture of the E. Padwick. 8 vo. 78. 6d. London. Filipino people given here is a bit 1929. rosy but it is an inspiring picture. It Intellectual keenness, specialized is a story of the struggles of these training, a keen sense of humor, well island people for freedom from the developed artistic temperament, re- cruel oppression of Spain and the markable musical talent, a lovable dis- friars; a struggle led by the heroic position, deep spirituality and whole- young patriot Rizal and others. Then hearted devotion to Jesus Christ as follows the story of the establishment divine Lord and Saviour, made Temple of civil and religious liberty under Gairdner an unusual character, a American protection; the eager desire unique man and a wonderful mission- for education; the giving of the Bible ary. which had long been a forbidden book; The' story of his life-at home in the preaching of the Gospel of Christ England, in Cambridge as a student and the establishment of churches.

secretary, and as a missionary in Cairo There is much of spiritual stimulus -is simply, beautifully and sympa- here and a wealth of human interest thetically told by a fellow missionary in the stories of these young Filipino of kindred spirit. Miss Padwick is an men and women. Any redblooded able biographer and has made the American will be thrilled. The author

is an optimist and an idealist. He is China: Yesterday and Today. Prof. Edalso well informed and writes with ward Thomas Williams. Fourth edithe touch of romance and of poetry tion, revised to December, 1928. 768 concerning a people whom he loves pp. $3.75. New York. 1929. and admires and to whose welfare he has devoted his life as a Christian After 35 years in China, the remissionary. viewer unhesitatingly recommends Royton Manor. By Caroline Atwater this volume as the one book that gives Mason. 8 vo. 302 pp. $2. New York. most completely all that the general 1928. Mrs. Mason's books are well-known reader needs to know about China. The author, who is now Agassiz for their literary quality, sustained Professor of Oriental Languages and interest and high purpose. The pres- Literature in the University of Calient novel deals with a young woman, fornia, was formerly American Charge Deborah Duane, who faced the prob- d' Affaires at Peking, and more relems that arose from a marriage .with- cently chief of the Division of Far out love; who passed through stormy Eastern Affairs, Department of State, seas and came out victorious. It is Washington, D. C. His first experithe story of how a young woman, ence in China was as a missionary with Christian character and ideals, met modern conditions and tempta- in Central China, and his equipment tions without being overwhelmed by for his task is about as complete as them. The characters are well drawn, it could be. the scenes are graphically depicted and the lesson is clearly impressed This book was first published in without moralizing. 1923, and, through its own merit and the special interest in China aroused Our Husband. By Myrta H. Dodds. Pam- by the stirring events of the past phlet. 35c. Indianapolis, Ind. 1928. three years, has called for three later This play of harem life in Africa editions in 1927, 1928 and 1929, the last including the Nationalist "Unifigives a clear idea of the evils of cation of China" and other important polygamy among Moslems and the events to December, 1928, with a reblessing of the missionary. It uses vision of the work and a more logical from twenty to forty characters and is arrangement of the chapters. The suitable for women's and young table of pronunciation of Chinese people's societies. Suggestions are names will prove helpful, but his own given for costumes, stage setting, etc. acquisition of the language in Central China has led him to give other than Blazing New Trails. Archer Wallace. 12 the official pronunciations to the mo. 149 pp. $1. New York. 1928. vowels e and o. These fifteen brief missionary biog- The book is perhaps most open to raphies practically all relate to well- criticism for its scant recognition of known pioneers but the stories are the large part played by Christian freshly and vigorously told. They in- missions in the transformations of the clude James Chalmers of New Guinea, past century; but the few references James Evans among the Cree Indians, to missions are all appreciative. Keith Falconer of Arabia, Mary Slessor of Calabar, James Stewart of Appendices give eight pages of "Im- Lovedale, Arthur Jackson of Manchuria and others. The sketches are portant Dates in Chinese History," rather too short to give a rounded picture of the heroes presented. The thirteen pages of Bibliography, Popuauthor is an associate editor of the Sunday-school publications of the lations, Railways, Steamship Com- United Church of Canada. panies, Distances, Foreign Pr>pula- tions, General Foreign Mission Statis- tics, Banks and Banking, the Press, Exchange, Weights and Measures, and Meteorology. A 1929 map of China is inserted, and the book is fully in- dexed. COURTENAY H. FENN. NEW BOOKS ~ They listen -Little Kin Chan. IlIus. Berthae Harris eagerly when . Converse. 102 pp. $1.25. Friendship leaders apply I Press. New York. 1929. methods from F. B. Meyer-Preacher, Teacher, Man of I God. A. Chester Mann. 221 pp. $2. New York. 1929. THE LEADERS HANDBOOK SERIES Neighbour India. Agnes Rush Burr. 200 i pp. $2. Revell. New York. 1929. The Missionary Education of Beginners, I ! A Padre in Paraguay. C. E. Newbould. 192 pp. Macmillan. New York. 1929. by Jessie Eleanor Moore. , The Present Crisis in Religion. W. E. The Missionary Education of Primary i Orchard. 280 pp. $2:50. Harpers. : New York. 1929. Children, by Wilhelmina Stooker.

Steeple Jim. W. Wyeth Willard. 301 The Missionary Education of Juniors, pp. $2.75. Princeton Pub. House. by Gertrude Hutton. Princeton. 1929. The Missionary Education of Interme- What Do We Mean By God1 C. H. Val- diates, by Mabel Gardner Kerschner. entine. 248 pp. $2. Macmillan. New York. 1929. Each volume offers an unusual oppor.

For Others-Methodist Missionary Society tunity to share the rich experience of a of Australia Annual Report-1928. 72 pp. Sydney. 1929. successful teacher and distinguished ped.

World Missions as Seen from Jerusalem- agogist. A Study Course Based on Roads to the City of God. Milton Stauffer. 93 pp. $1.00 50c. M. E. M. New York. 1929. , I MISSIONARY EDUCATION MOVEMENT Anti-Saloon League Year Book -1929. I Edited by E. H. Cherrington. 224 pp. 150 Fifth Avenue, New York $1.15 cloth; 75c paper. Westerville, Ohio. 1929. I Cut this Out and your Christmas problem is solved— A subscription to THE PRESBYTERIAN MAGAZINE is just the gift for mother. father, sister. brother, friend, a shut-in. missionary'—any one who will appreciate a Christmas reminder twelve months of the year instead of one.

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