The Missionary Review of the World — February 1936

1936

A Korean Woman's Story Mrs. Induk Pak Making Contacts in Arabia B. D. Hakken Changing Attitudes in Iran Commodore B. Fisher George F. Zoeckler Blots on National 'Scutcheons Muriel Lester Educational Achievements in Brazil J. E. Moreland Among Head Hunters in Pagan Papua Russell W. Abel New England as a Home Mission Field Robert Watson , 25 Cents a Copy $2.50 a Year

to Remember Obituary Notes THE REVIEW, and recently state presi-

dent of the New Jersey Haptist Wom- February 2-The Moody Bible Insti- The Rev. George A. Wilder, for an's Board of Missions, died on Detute Jubilee and centenary of the many years a missionary of the Amer- cember 22d at her home in Montclair, birth of D. L. Moody. This day ican Board (Congregational) in South N. J., at 65 years of age. Mrs. Farmer will launch the Founder's Week Africa, died on December 28th, at the was born in Kingston, N. Y., daughter home of his daughter, Mrs. Frances of a Baptist minister, was graduated Conference. from Wellesley in 1893 and for many A. Lyman, in Glen Ridge, N. J. His years has been active in church and February lO-17-International Coun- wife died a few years ago. Mr. Wilder missionary circles. She organized mis- cil of Religious Education. Chicago, was born in Natal, South Africa, in sion study classes in Montclair and Ill. 1855, son of Rev. Hyman Wilder, a has lectured and taught missions at missionary under the same Board. Northfield conferences and other gath- February 2B-World Day of Prayer. George Wilder was graduated from erings. She is survived by her hus- Phillips-Andover Academy, Williams band, William H. Farmer, four daugh- April 29-May S-National Convention, ters and one son. Y. W. C. A., Colorado Springs, Colo. Canon Andre'a" M'"ora*ka died in Tan- May I-General Conference, Meth- College and Hartford Theological odist Episcopal Church, Columbus, Seminary. He was beloved by the ganyika, Africa, on September 1st. Africans who often called him "The He was universally respected both by Ohio. Africans and Europeans, and his loss White African." will be felt throughout the C. M. S. May l2-lS-National Council of Fed- Mission. erated Church Women. Dayton, *** * '" * Ohio. Dr. Frank Mason North, Secretary Emeritus of the Board of Foreign Enid Mira Haven (Mrs. Gideon F.) May 20-24-Northern Baptist Conven- Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Draper, of the Methodist Episcopal tion. St. Louis, Mo. Church, died at his home in Madison, Mission in Japan, passed away on Oc- New Jersey, on December 17th, two tober 29th. Mrs. Draper came to May 27-General Assembly, United weeks after he had reached the ripe Japan with her husband in 1880. The Presbyterian Church of North Draper family name is associated in- delibly with the founding of the Yoko- America. Pittsburg, Kansas. age of 85 years. hama Christian Blind School, and with Mrs. Draper's National Mother's As- May 2B-General Assembly, Presby- Dr. North was a man of rich talents sociation of which she was founder terian Church in U. S. A. Syra- and wide experience. He was born in and for many years president. New York City in 1850; was gradcuse, N. Y. *** uated from Wesleyan University in July 6-12 – Twelfth World's Sunday 1872 and ordained to the ministry in Rev. Dr. John Dixon, former sec- School Convention. Oslo, Norway. the following year. After holding sev- retary for the Board of National Mis- eral pastorates he took charge of a ••• . sions of the Presbyterian Church, died FLORIDA CHAIN OF MISSION- mission church in Harlem, and later was pastor of the Calvary Church, at his home in Trenton, N. J., on De- ARY ASSEMBLIES cember 11th. New York City, and the Methodist January 2S-29-Miami. Church in Middletown, Conn. In '" '" January 2B-29-Ft. Lauderdale. 1892, Dr. North became secretary of January 29-3l-Palm Beaches. the New York City Church Extension Mrs. Elizabeth Badley Read, who February loS-Orlando. and Missionary Society, a post he held died in Delhi, India, October 11th, for twenty years. He was also editor aged fifty, was the daughter of Dr. February 2-S-Deland. of The Christian City. In 1892, he and Mrs. B. H. Badley, and sister of February S-7-Winter Haven. became corresponding secretary of the Bishop Badley of India. She was a Methodist Board of Foreign Missions lady of rare artistic and literary cul- February S-7-Lakeland. and became secretary emeritus in ture, and her articles have appeared February B-13-St. Petersburg. 1928. He was president of the Fed- in leading American periodicals. February 9-1l-Clearwater. eral Council of Churches from 1916 to February l2-l3-Bradenton. 1920. Dr. North has written many *** poems and hymns, some of which are February 13-l4-Sarasota. A. T. Polhill died recently at the February l3-14-Ft. Myers. age of 73. He was one of the "Seven" February lS-IB-Tallahassee. who in the '80's went out from Cam- bridge to China. Mr. Polhill spent widely known and sung. His wife, most of his life in western China as a Louise McCoy North, and his son, Dr. missionary of the China Inland Mis- Personal Item sion. Eric M. North, Secretary of the American Bible Society, survive him. '" * * Rev. Edward ShiIlito retired on Dr. W illiam '" H e'"nr '" Leslie, for 38 Mrs. Margaret Norton Eddy, September 25th, after twenty years mother of Sherwood and Brewer Eddy, y died September 20th. She was also of service as literary superintendent years a missionary of the American known for her own missionary-mindof the London Missionary Society. edness, and for the establishing of a Baptist Foreign Mission Society in school for missionaries' children at Kodaikanal, South India. the Belgian Congo, died on December *** 25th in St. Petersburg, Florida, at the Dr. W. C. Pearce, long identified age of 67. Dr. Leslie was born in with the Sunday school movement throughout the world, died October London, Ontario, and received his 25th, of heart failure, after address- ing a regional convention in Southern medical degree from Lake Forest Uni- California on that morning. At the time of his death he was general sec- versity. He spent most of his life in retary-emeritus of the California or- ganization and vice-president of the the heart of the cannibal country in World's Sunday School Association.

the interior of Africa and, with his (Continued on page 65.) of this Course. every wife, faced many dangers. They Young People's Society may started 275 schools in the area and converted into a School for Bible Training. Dr. Leslie was decorated by the Bel- gian Government as a Chevalier of the Royal Order of the Lion. He was given the title "Nganga Buca" (mean- Four Parts-52 Lessons. Part I. The Bible-The ing "The Doctor who Really Cures") God 01 the Bible. Part II. The Christ 01 the Bible by the natives in the Nganga District -The Holy Spirit. Part III. Man-Sin and Redemp- of the Belgian Congo where he suction. Part IV. The Church-Future Events. cessfully cured many natives of yaws Send 1Sc in stamps for current issue. and other tropical diseases. RISTIAN PUBLICATIONS. INc '" * • Mrs. Grace G. Farmer, formerly a 1502 N. Third St., H.rrisburg, Pa. member of the Editorial Council of

MISSIONARY Kellersberger of the Congo; Mrs. are doing through the pages of

REVIEW OF THE WORLD Anna P. White on "Egypt and the MISSIONARY REVIEW. I frequently New Day"; "Korea" by Mrs. Induk VOL. LIX FEB., 1936 No.2 Pak, and Home Missions by Bishop mention the magazine to friends in Publication and Business Office– Kern. They will be worth reading and different centres in England and Thl..d and Reily Sts.• Ha….lsburg. Pa. passing on to others. Wales." WATCYN M. PRICE. Editorial and Executive Office– 156 Fifth Avenue. New York City. *** Foreign Mission Board, Entered as second-class matte.. at Presbyterian Church of Wales.

Post Office. Ha..risburg. Pa., under The Student Volunteer Movement *** Act ot March 3. 1879. Wall Street, New York, the money Convention, reported in this issue, center of the world, recently puplished 25 cents a copy-$2.50 a year. was marked by some notable ad- Foreign Postage. 50 cents a year. in its Journal a strong endorsement Published monthly. except August. dresses, including those by Dr. Ka- All rights reserved. Copyrighted 1935. gawa of Japan, Mrs. Pak of Korea, of Christianity. "What America needs British agents – Marshall. Morgan and Scott. 12 Paternoste.. Buildings. Prof. G. Baez Camargo of Mexico, more than railway extension, western London. E. C. 1 shilling per copy. 10 shillings a yea … Mr. Sun of China, Dr. Wm. M. Vories irrigation, a low tariff, a bigger cotton MISSIONARY REVIEW PUB- of Omi-Hachiman, Japan, Dr. William crop, and a larger wheat crop is a re- LISHING CO., INC. Temple, the Archbishop of York and BOARD OF DIRECTORS vival of religion. The kind that father ROBERT E. SPEER. President Dr. Richard Roberts of Toronto. and mother used to have. A religion WM. 1. CHAMBERLAIN. Vice-Pre8ident WALTER McDOUGALL. Treasurer Some of these addresses have also been that counted it good business to take DELAVAN L. PIERSON. Secretary time for family worship each morning secured and will appear, in whole or SAMUEL McCREA CAVERT right in the middle of wheat harvest. in part, in an early number of THE A religion that prompted them to quit MRS. ORRIN R. JUDD WM. B. LIPPHARD REVIEW. *** work a half hour earlier on Wednes- day so that the whole family could get ERIC M. NORTH We hope you are finding the maga- JESSE R. WILSON ready to go to prayer meeting." zine as helpful and inspiring as are A. L. WARNSHUIS some of our readers whose comments *** SAMUEL M. ZWEMER have recently come in letters: WHEN THE SLIP GETS BY "The January issue is so good that Editorial Chat The typographical error is a slippery I want THE REVIEW sent for one year thing and sly, The Annual Meeting of THE REVIEW will be held in the Assembly Room beginning with the January issue to You can hunt till you are dizzy, but it (8th floor) of 156 Fifth Avenue, New somehow will get by. York, on Thursday, February 20th, at the three addresses attached. Send 3 p. m. All friends of THE REVIEW Till the forms are off the presses it is and of Christian missions at home and the bill to me. I hope you will keep strange how still it keeps; abroad are cordially invited. There up the good work for many years." will be brief missionary addresses by It shrinks down into a corner and it Dr. Robert E. Speer and others. REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D.D. never stirs or peeps, Princeton, N. J. *** That typographical error, too small *** In spite of difficulties, the past year for human eyes, has been encouraging for THE REVIEW. "I have always appreciated the Till the ink is on the paper, when it The number of subscribers has in- spirit of THE REVIEW and the splendid creased and we have never had more magazine you have been able to give grows to mountain size. enthusiastic and encouraging com- us through the years. We feel it has The boss he stares with horror, then ments from our readers. Few, if any, improved with age." subscribe who do not read but many he grabs his hair and groans; read who do not subscribe. Some can- DR. CHAS. D. BONSACK. The copy reader drops his head upon not afford the price but feel that they Church of the Brethren, cannot afford to miss the reading. his hands and moans- Some subscribers write that they cir- Elgin, Ill. The remainder of the issue may be culate their copies among many friends. far and near. We recognize *** clean as clean can be, this as missionary work. But that typographical error is the "I am delighted with the January *** number of THE MISSIONARY REVIEW. only thing you see. I have not seen anything in a long -Knoxville (Ia.) Express. THE REVIEW is being promoted at time better than the article by Mrs. the Florida Chain of Missionary As- Stanley Jones." Obituary Notes semblies. Reprints of the article by Mirs. E. Stanley Jones have also been MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY. (Continued from Second Cover.) made for distribution there and else- Orlando, Fla. where. One subscriber writes that Karen Jeppe, widely known as the that article alone is "worth the price * ** of a year's subscription." friend of Armenian orphans and "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE widows, died July 7th in Aleppo *** WORLD is unquestionably the best gen- (Syria). Her life has been described eral news magazine on missions in the by the Danish writer, Ingeborg Maria THE REVIEW is arranging to print English language. Covers the whole Sick in her book "Karen J eppe," as a a number of the addresses given at range of missionary effort at home life singularly rich and beautiful, !:he Florida Chain of Missionary As- and abroad." spent in her devotion to a "people in semblies. They will include those by distress." The Danish papers report G. Baez Camargo of Mexico; Mrs. THE CONVENTION BULLETIN OF that her institutions are to be con- THE STU DEN T VOLUNTEER tinued. Though she was a Lutheran, MOVEMENT CONVENTION, IN- the Armenian Church has given her a DIANAPOLIS. burial in the new Armenian Church in Aleppo. *** *** "THE MISSIONARY REVIEW is the best missionary paper in existence. I Mrs. Hallie Linn Hill, well-known look forward to each issue with pleas- mission study lecturer, died on No- ure. The articles, as well as the edi- vember 18th at Menominee, Michigan. torials, are well written and inspiring. For years Mrs. Hill presented in lec- I wish we had something like this in tures the current mission study books the Hindi language." of the Council of Women for Home Missions and of the Federation of REV. P. A. PENNER. Women's Boards for Foreign Missions Bethesda Leper Home, to the many summer conferences meet- ing annually in all sections of the Chompa, C. P. India. United States.

*** "Let me congratulate you most heartily on the wonderful work you [ 65 ]

TEMPLE JOHN R

For many years Chairman of the Archbishop of York Executive Committee of the Student Volunteer Movement and of the One of the foremost Christian states- World's Student Christian Federation; men in England; Oxford graduate; now Chairman of the International formerly Honorary Chaplain to the Missionary Council; President of the King; sometime president of the World's Alliance of the Y. M. C. A.; Workers' Educational Association; counsellor of students throughout the author of "Christ in His Church," world; author of "The Present Day "Thoughts on Some Problems of the Summons to the World Mission of Day," "Nature, Man, and God," etc. Christianity" and other volumes.

ROBERT E. SPEER SAMUEL M. ZWEMER Senior Secretary of the Board of For- One of the Founders of the Arabian eign Missions of the Presbyterian Mission; Editor of The Moslem Church in the U. S. A., one of the first World; author of "Across the World secretaries of the Student Volunteer of Islam," etc.; Professor of Mis- Movement; author of "The Finality sions at Princeton; formerly one of of Jesus Christ," "Christian Realities," the secretaries of the Student Volun- "Some Great Leaders in the World teer Movement and recently Secretary Movement," "Race and Race Rela- of the Near East Christian Council. tions," etc. JESSE WILSON ROBERT P. WILDER Formerly a missionary in Japan; Sec- Founder and former General Secre- retary of the Student Volunteer Movetary of the Student Volunteer Move- ment; author of "I Am a Christian," ment and missionary to India; re- etc. cently Secretary of the Near East Christian Council; author of "Christ and the Student World," etc.

TOYOHIKO KAGAWA GONZALO BAEZ CAMARGO "The' Modern Apostle of Love" in Secretary of the National Christian Japan; Christian social service worker Council of Mexico; specialist in the .and founder of Christian cooperatives ~eld of religious education; journalin Japan. Leader in great religious, Ist, author and Christian leader. political and economic movements; author of "Love, the Law of Life," "Christ and Japan," etc.

MRS. INDUK PAK MRS. ELEANOR T. CALVERLY, M.D.

A vital Christian personality from Instructor at the Kennedy School of Korea; Field Secretary of the Coop- ~issions, ~artford Seminary Foundaerative Committee on Work Among tIon; for sIxteen years a medical mis- Rural Women, Seoul; former travel- sionary to Arabia; author and lecing secretary for the Student Volun- tUrer. teer Movement.

T.Z.KOO KENNETH SCOTT LATOURETTE Christian leader of Chinese students; Professor of Missions and Orienta:l spiritual prophet of the Christian History, Yale University; formerly movement in China; kindly inter- missionary in China; author of "The preter of Western and Chinese cul- Development of China," "History of tures; former secretary of World's Christian Missions in China," etc. Christian Student Federation.

SOME SPEAKERS AND LEADERS AT THE STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION (See pages 67 to 68 and 83 to 85) REVIB ORLD VOLUME LIX AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL REVIEW OF WORLD-WIDE CHRISTIAN PROGRESS NUMBER 2 FEBRUARY, 1936 Topics of the Times STUDENT VOLUNTEERS AT some unevangelized area of China or other unoc- INDIANAPOLIS cupied field. There were present honored mis- sionaries, most of whom unfortunately had no It was an inspiring challenge to see twenty-five recognized place in the program but who contrib- hundred young men and young women, meeting uted much to intimate interviews and discussions daily for five days (December 28,1935 to January in seminar groups – men and women like Dr.

1, 1936) to consider how best to follow Christ in Thomas Moody, a Baptist veteran of the Congo; carrying out His program for the world. These Dr. and Mrs. John M. Springer, of Central Af:r:ica; were not only youth, with life before them, but Dr. Frank C. Laubach, of the Philippines; ,DrJ two thousand were selected students from four H. E. Phillips, of Egypt; Rev. Ray C. Phillips"o.t hundred and fifty advanced institutions of learn- the Transvaal, South Africa; Dr. L. s. G.MJl}erj ing in the United States and Canada. They are of Japan, and others. There were pastors anq the coming leaders-earnest, energetic and ideal- teachers, editors and authors to lead groups. of istic. Naturally they are not all well informed on from fifty to one hundred in the thirty-three daily world conditions or on the teachings and program seminars for the study of special topics.

of Christ but they came to consider prayerfully This twelfth quadrennial convention marked their personal relation to Christ and their place of the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the greatest service to mankind. Under trained lead- Student Volunteer Movement for Foreign Mis- ers they r;;ought to catch the vision, inspiration and sions. It was appropriate that the founder of the power for the great task ahead. Movement, and its first secretary, Dr..Robert P.

Among the speakers were such well-known lead- Wilder, could be present to lead a seminar on ers as Dr. William Temple, Archbishop of York; "Prayer and Missions," but it is to be regretted Dr. Richard Roberts, Moderator of the United that he was given no adequate place in the gen- Church of Canada; Dr. John R. Mott, Chairman eral program. His messages still ring with power of the International Missionary Council and the and meet response in the student world.

masterful chairman of many conventions; Dr. Great changes have come in the world and in Robert E. Speer, one of the honored missionary student attitudes in the last half century. In 1886 advocates and Christian teachers of the day, has many lands and large areas were still without any attended and addressed all the previous volunteer knowledge of Christ and His Gospel; the native conventions. There were also numerous mission- churches were generally weak and not organized ary executives and teachers, such as Dr. Kenneth for advanc-e; there were practically no student S. Latourette, of Yale; Dr. John A. Mackay, of volunteers in the educational centres of America New York; Dr. Samuel M. Zwemer, of Princeton, or Europe; the Mission Boards were struggling and Dr. Mills J. Taylor, of Philadelphia. Among to secure missionaries and funds for the work.

those who brought stirring testimonies from mis- The Student Volunteer Movement, started in sion lands-themselves the product of missions- Mount Hermon, Massachusetts, in 1886, was the were Prof. Baez Camargo, of Mexico; Dr. Toyo- means of arousing missionary interest in schools, hiko Kagawa, of Japan; Mrs. Induk Pak, of colleges and theological seminaries. In a year or Korea, and Dr. T. Z. Koo, of China. Students also two 2,000 students had volunteered for service brought earnest, gripping messages, including abroad and the churches responded to the chal- that of the Hartford Group, the members of lenge to support them. In the past fifty years the which are seeking a place of pioneer' service in number of sailed volunteers has grown to 14,000 [ 67]

and missionary gifts have increased over four had little or no knowledge of the Bible and spirhundred per cent. itual things. They had evidently not studied the Bible in their homes, in churches or in colleges But since the World War a great change has and universities. They lacked the background come over the attitude of youth toward the solu- and foundations for the appreciation of missiontion of world problems. The Des Moines Volun- ary themes. Consequently most of the first half teer Convention, sixteen years ago, was marked of the general program at Indianapolis was not by a revolt against the leadership of the "elder missionary but was an attempt to lay these founstatesmen." That convention was large in num- dations. The audience was the mission field rather ber but the delegates were lacking in missionary than the missionary force. Probably, on the vision and purpose and were only convinced that whole, the greatest missionary impression was a change of ideals and of leadership was needed. made on the students in some of the seminars such They rightly believed that selfishness and foolish- as those on Latin America, Moslem Lands, Unocness had involved the world in terrible war and cupied Areas, the Medical Approach, and Prayer bloodshed and they expressed their intention to and Missions. A few of the groups seemed not take control of the Church and State in an effort to be so fortunate in subjects or leaders. to bring about better conditions. The problems of international peace, social justice, racial equal- The real value of the Indianapolis Convention ity and economic betterment obscured the Chris- can only be judged by the results. There may tian foundations and ideals of spiritual service. not come from it many foreign missionaries or Many students were determined to work for re- volunteers, for the present position of the Boards forms-either with or without the help of God. and the attitude of the churches are discouraging. The whole movement may undergo a change. The Four years later, at the first Indianapolis Vol- devoted General Secretary, Jesse R. Wilson, is unteer Convention (1923-24), the youth were in leaving to take up work under the Baptist Board the saddle and turned their attention from world on the Pacific Coast. Who will be called to sucevangelism to the solution of social and economic ceed him? The early days of the Movement were problems. But while earnest and energetic, they marked by the clear leadings of God, by ceaseless were uninformed and inexperienced. They failed prayer, by devoted self-sacrifice and by a fearless to make much impression or to reach any prac- pioneering spirit. Will these be manifested in the tical conclusions. The Student Volunteer Move- students who went to Indianapolis? Have they ment seemed doomed. come to a clearer knowledge of God; have they come into closer fellowship with Christ; have At the recent Indianapolis Convention the stu- they seen a new vision of all men's need for salvadents showed their responsiveness to Christian tion? Will they return to their seminaries and idealism but with much less self-confidence and colleges to start new prayer groups and mission more reaainess to listen to experienced leaders. study circles? Will they be missionaries on the The youth at Indianapolis won all hearts by their campuses where a million students wait to be earnestness and courage. They had not much in- evangelized and brought into vital contact with terest in the past and its leaders, for their faces Christ? Will new Christian leaders and new rewere toward the future, but they were not so sure sponse to God's call come out of this convention, of their own ability to turn the world right side as they-came from the first student conference at up over night. The youth of today are sobered Mount Hermon fifty years ago? If so, the Student by the knowledge that the world is not eagerly Volunteer Movement will live and grow and will bidding for their budding talents. The great usher in a new era of world-wide Christian evanproblems of the day are recognized but are seen gelism. If not- ? to be too serious for any untried, cure-all remedy. The majority of the younger generation today are FOREIGNERS ON FOREIGN MISSIONS asking – "Whither are we drifting? Who can show us the way out? Why take life so seriously? One of the outstanding features of the forty- Why not have a good time and then snuff out the third annual meeting of the Foreign Missions Concandle?" ference of North America was the unique contri- bution made by men and women who are products But at Indianapolis the youth were of a differ- of Christian missions in other lands. Dr. Toyoent temper, or they would not have been there. hiko Kagawa, now well known throughout' the They seemed eager to know the mind of Christ world as a Japanese Christian evangelist and soand to discover their place in the program of God, cial statesman, made an eloquent plea for the more but they were largely uninformed as to the essen- than fifty million rural population of Japan. In tials of Christianity and the deepest needs of man- response the conference voted to ask the Comkind. The nucleus of theological students and the mittee of Reference and Council to undertake to children of· ministers and missionaries present stood out in contrast to the mass of delegates who

TOPICS OF THE TIMES

help raise funds for building 1,000 Christian because of the lack of prospect of their being sent. chapels (at about $280 each) in rural districts The need is great both to fill places made vacant where lay leaders will minister to Japanese Chris- by death and retirement and to advance into untian groups now without places of worship and occupied fields. There is an abundance of money unable to build their own chapels. in the home church to support the work of Christ both at home and abroad, when truly God-called, Mrs. Induk Pak, the captivating Korean field 8Jdequately-prepared and spirit-filled volunteers secretary of the Christian Cooperative Committee are ready to go and when Christians at home are on work for Rural Women in Chosen (whose ad- aroused to the need, the privilege and responsidress at Indianapolis appears in this issue), spoke bility of Christian stewardship. impressively of the great need for helping Korean women to solve their economic problems while at Among the present trends in the thought of the same time they are led out into spiritual life Christian leaders at home is the greater emphasis and freedom through Jesus Christ. on the need for spiritual awakening and reeduca- tion of the churches at home in the teachings and Prof. Gonzalo Baez Camargo, a product of evan- program of Christ. Another topic always uppergelical missions and now secretary of the National most in modern mission councils is: How churches Council of Evangelical Churches in Mexico, spoke on the mission fields may be strengthened so that with power on the "upbuilding of the Evangelical they may carryon with decreased support and Church" under the present difficulties that mark oversight from America and Europe. It is evipolitical and religious activities in that country. dent that these churches must depend on the He told of the hardships and blessings that have guidance of the Spirit of God and Biblical ideals come to the Evangelical churches through the for their national development, without seeking necessity of standing on their own feet, being de- to perpetuate Occidental characteristics and diprived of help from foreign missionaries. visions. Unoccupied fields and rural popUlations are receiving more attention today, having been Mr. T. H. Sun of China, the Christian editor of too long neglected while institutional work has The Christian Farmer, made an effective plea for been developed in large centers. the rural populations of his country where there are over 300,000,000 tillers of the soil. He urged Over three hundred delegates and visitors reptheir need not only for the Gospel of Christ, but resenting sixty-nine Mission Boards were regisalso for Rural Reconstruction to teach them im- tered at this Foreign Missions Conference,. of proved methods of farming, literacy, sanitation which Dr. John R. Mott was chairman. The chairand better homes to help make strong Christian man elected for the 1937 conference is Dr. Robert communities and churches. E. Speer who is due next year to retire as secre- tary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Mis- These four representatives of the growing sions, a position he has occupied since 1891 when Chris-tian churches in the mission fields were he was called from his studies in Princeton Thethemselves an unanswerable argument in favor ological Seminary. of taking the Gospel of Christ into all the world and offered great reason for encouragement in the STIRRINGS AMONG INDIAN future of Christianity in those lands. UNTOUCHABLES Another feature of the Asbury Park Conference Dr. Ambedkar, of India, declares that the (January 8 to 10) was the optimism shown by the wrongs of the "outcastes" can no longer be tolerrepresentatives of the Foreign Mission Boards ated. In response some factors in India's reliin the face of present difficulties. Dr. John R. gious revolution are pointed out by the editor of Mott, who has attended most of the conferences Dnyanodaya, Dr. J. F. Edwards, of Poona. He from the first, voiced the belief that the depression says: "First: The widely respected Congress and recession in foreign missionary interest and president says that it is because India still treats giving have struck bottom and the period of ad- so many of her own people as Untouchable that vance has again begun. The lessons learned, and the other nations of the world treat India as an the changes that should be made in the mission- Untouchable. ary program were not clearly stated but there is today a growing conviction that evangelism must "Second: This latest development in India's rebe stressed in all departments of the work abroad ligious revolution has been set in motion by the and that the Church at home must be spiritually redoubtable Ambedkar, largely owing to the new awakened. A committee has been appointed to Indian Constitution which despite all its defects arrange for another United Missionary Campaign has given the vote to sixteen per cent of Indian in North America to arouse the churches to population instead of only three per cent pregreater missionary interest and more intelligent viously, and is already quickening the democratic and unselfish missionary giving. Volunteers for consciousness of India's depressed and oppressed missionary work abroad are today discouraged

classes to such an extent that they have made this work or the department in which a missionary is dramatic protest against being trodden any longer active but whether the burning motive of love to underfoot. Christ and the aim to lead others to acknowledge "Third: Dr. Ambedkar is believed to be plan- Him is the chief impelling motive in all life and ning an All-India Conference of Depressed Classes work. This is the foundation of all Christian at which Untouchables shall themselves decide all missionary work and is essential for all missionthe issues involved, including their future religion. ary workers. Every qualification that can be added is or should be so much gain. Some seem "Fourth: Dr. Ambedkar is understood to re- to lose sight of one or the other of these facts. gard himself largely as an atheist. Many illustrations can be cited to show the ef- "These four facts mean that two of India's fectiveness of every kind of mission work-when greatest needs today are clear Christian teaching based on and permeated with Christlike love for regarding the nature of .true spiritual religion, souls and an intelligent spirit of evangelism. The and, above all, the daily exemplification of it in following two letters are samples: Christ-like living. In this way the humblest Indian Christian can play a mighty part in the task Miss Susannah M. Riker, who is working among of building the new India." the students of Wilmina Girls' School at Osaka, writes: The depressed Untouchable classes are threatening to leave Hinduism and join any religion that I know that some people rather disparage schools as will welcome them without distinction as to social mission work, in this day and age. But I think that is a standing. This will be a great boon to the Out- very mistaken view. I can make more contacts through our 800 or 900 girls than I can possibly make in any other castes who are still debarred from Hindu temples. way. Just that teaching plus interest in each girl brings The Moslems, Sikhs, Arya Somajists and Bud- wonderful things to the surface. A personal radiance or dhists have already made advances to these out- perhaps just a friendly word or two when an opportunity caste Hindus who number some 70,000,000 people offers, brings into being a feeling of intimacy which leads and would bring great political prestige to any a girl to Christ and a life of radiance. And through the girls we contact the whole family. As an example, re- party they join. Christians would welcome them, cently when church was over a friend of mine brought a not en masse, but only on the basis of personal re- woman to introduce her. She was the mother of a girl generation and acceptance of Christ, with a knowl- whom I had taught last year, and she had come in contact edge of what that involves. Many Hindus (Sana- with Christianity through her daughter. She had brought her son, also, and the next Sunday the whole family were talists) would be glad to have Untouchables with- there. They live far out in the country and must come in draw as the vested interests of some Hindu by train, but they were very happy to be able to come.

temples have suffered as a result of the demand Silliman University at Dumaguete in the that Untouchables be permitted to enter. On the Philippines is another example of the Christian other hand, however, Hindus do not wish to lose influence that can be exerted in educational mispolitical power by the loss of numbers counted as sion work. Dr. Roy H. Brown, the President of Hindus. One Hindu Shan Karacharya, Dr. Kurt the University, writes: Koti, has suggested the mass "conversion" of Untouchables to a new Hindu sect of Harijans, equal Think of the opportunity we have this year of touching 1,033 lives! (On a recent Decision Day sixty-five of the to other Hindus. Others suggest that the Na- students confessed Christ.) These are from all districts tional Indian Cong~ess be given the power to in the Philippines. Some of them are teachers. abolish "untouchability" by legal enactments. Such a step is unlikely as it involves religious mat- One cannot get the vision by a hasty visit to Silliman, ters. Mahatma Gandhi declares that "untouch- nor can he get it by staying only on the campus. . He must go through the Visayas and other parts of the Philip- pines encountering former students and graduates. Just ability is on its last legs." Evidently the great recently I was in Cebu. We organized a very enthusiastic barrier to social progress in India-so long con- chapter of former Silliman students, and that was very encouraging and helpful. But what filled me with satissidered impregnable-is rapidly weakening. faction was the work our graduates are doing in the stu- dent church and in the dialect church. I assisted at a cot- SPIRITUAL DIVIDENDS IN EDUCATION tage prayer meeting where about thirty were gathered; they had been meeting regularly for nearly a year. The Any way that is effective in leading men to ac- leader was a Silliman boy. His prayer and remarks filled cept Christ as their divine Lord and Saviour, and me with thanksgiving that God had used Silliman to preto follow His Way of Life, is a good way. Doc- pare not only this young man but over a score in Cebu tors can be as good evangelists as preachers-or for active work for Christ. . . . better. Teachers can make use of their contacts The Manila churches are officered largely by Silliman alumni and men who have come directly under the Gospel with pupils and their homes to give the Gospel by influence while at Silliman. It would make a long roll of honor if I should put down the names and the positions word and life. Industrial and social workers, they are occupying in the Christian life of Manila, thus edi.tors and administrators can do the same. The influencing not only that great city but also reaching thouchief thing to be considered is not the type of sands who are studying and passing through Manila.

IRAN, WITH BROAD STREETS AND

Changing Attitudes in Iran By COMMODORE B. FISHER, Hamadan, Persia Missionary of the Pl'esbyterialt Church, U. S. A.

THERE is a ferment at work in the world to- theless, the modern spirit is ceaselessly pressing day. In Persia this culminated (or shall we in upon the old. say really began?) on March 21, 1935, with an announcement changing the name of old Persia An intense spirit of nationalism, patriotism to to modern Iran. This is indicative of numerous a high degree, characterizes the sentiments and other changes that are taking place among these actions of most of the people in these days. Ten "Aryans" on the Iranian plateau lying between years ago the typical schoolboy oration extolled the glories of the golden age of Cyrus and Darius, Turkey and Afghanistan, Russia and Iraq. Dur- lamented the low estate to which the country had ing the past decade a stagnant civilization of fallen and ended with an exhortation to observe veiled women and turbanned men, winding slowly the men of the West, learn of them and follow in through the narrow streets of old Persia, has been their footsteps. Patriotism has changed much of giving way to a faster moving procession of young this. Today the boys vie with one another in men and women following Paris fashions along patriotic fervor, praise the language and culture the main streets that have been cut through the of old Persia (Iran) and point out the weaknesses picturesque cities of long ago. To be sure, the of Western civilization' with its attendant evils, change is not yet complete, high walls and wind- colonial exploitation, the crime wave, the factory ing streets, donkeys and camels, samovars and system, unemployment and increasing expendi- dark harems, old bazaars and veiled ladies shrilly tures for armament. bargaining therein are still to be found. Never- This patriotic zeal is partly a result of pride in [71 ]

the recent progress in Iran and partly a result of complacently the backward conditions under disillusionment during a period of depression. A which they have grown up. They feel a sense of definite change of attitude dates from May 10, partnership in their country and their eyes have 1928, when the capitulations were abolished. A been opened to larger things than old-fashioned still more marked change followed the abrupt can- village life. Racial and religious discrimination cellation of the Anglo-Persian Oil Company's con- is being diminished. Jewish boys are sent out to cession on November 29, 1932. On that occasion bring in Moslem conscripts and they all may live there were fireworks and general celebrations in together in the village mosque. In these ways even the army is helping to break down religious prejudice as it plants seeds of unrest in the hearts of young villagers.

The schoolroom and laboratory are also doing their part in effecting changed attitudes. Many Moslems still believe that the earth is fixed and does not revolve upon its axis. They fanatically oppose all non-Moslems, consider them unclean in- fidels and refuse them admission to the mosque.

The Moslem teacher of physics in the government school must have desired to change a number of misconceptions this spring when he took his class of Moslem, Jewish and Armenian boys into the sacred mosque, suspended a pendulum from the EVEN QUEEN ESTHER'S TOMB HAS BEEN MODERNIZED dome and by the gradual change in the movement of the pendulum proved that the earth does move.

all parts of the country. The dispute was sub- Different nationalities are learning to work and mitted to the League of Nations which sent British play together primarily as young Iranians. This representatives of the company to Iran to nego- play is now directed by an American specialist tiate a new treaty far more favorable to Iran. employed by the Department of Education. Boys This sense of power, of having defied the might of who were embarrassed or too modest to wear the the British Empire, did much to stir up the latent long-sleeved uniforms a few years ago are now fires of patriotism in Iran. adopting the abbreviated athletic uniforms of the West because they are better suited to active play. All apparent lack of confidence, initiative or Such are some of the conflicts and changing attiabilIty which retarded the development of or- tudes being wrought by modern education in Iran. ganizations in old Persia is rapidly giving way to enthusiastic efforts at indigenous organization in modern Iran. The National Bank, now oper- ated largely by Iranians, has taken over the right of banknote issue from the Imperial BaRk of Per- sia and has opened numerous branches through,· out the country. An almost prohibitive tariff keeps down excessive expenditures on imported luxuries while domestic soaps, shoes, socks and clothing are being supplied in larger and larger quantities. The railroad is being pushed to com- pletion through Teheran, the capital, joining thp.

Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf on which is the beginning of an Italian-built navy. Such develop- ments in modern Iran arouse still further a sense of independence and pride. SOME MODERNIZED IRANIAN STUDENTS Modern Iran requires two years' military serv- ice of every able-bodied young man without de- In keeping with the spirit of the day many of pendents. Even though the pay is only fifty cents the principal streets are being renamed and our a month the young men are rendering this service schools have all chosen Iranian names. Three less reluctantly, looking upon it as an opportunity years ago all citizens of Iran were forbidden to to see something of their country and to attend a attend foreign primary schools. The mission has kind of boarding school at government expense. not interpreted the order as an indication of hos- Never again will those who are being taken out tile opposition but rather as a policy arising out of their narrow circle of village life accept so of the reasonable conviction that native schools

CHANGING ATTITUDES IN IRAN

could better instill a spirit of patriotism than The fast is another religious practice of almost could foreign schools. In a spirit of cooperation thirteen hundred years' standing. For one whole it is well to "render unto Cresar the things that month from new moon till new moon, from dawn are Cresar's," in order that men may be brought till dusk, food and drink are strictly forbidden. to "render unto God the things that are GQd's." To many, however, the nightly feasts are ample compensation for the hardships of the day, espe- Some of the more fundamental reforms touch cially since the hours of labor and school schedules age-long religious practices. For more than a have always been upset in order that night may thousand years the Shiahs have mourned the de- be turned into day. Schoolwork was practically feat and death of their martyrs, Hosein and Has- at a standstill, short sessions began late in the san, during the month of Moharam, culminating day and were soon completed. This year, howin mourning processions of frenzied followers of ever, in modern Iran official orders were issued the prophet. Clad in sackcloth and ashes, chant- forbidding any change in schedule during the ing dirges and beating their breasts, flagellants PREPARING TO SERVE NEW IRAN-GRADUATING CLASS OF A CHRISTIAN COLLEGE beating their backs with chains and the more zeal- month of Ramazan. Regular work was not disous striking their gory foreheads with broad- rupted, less time could be given to the night's swords, small boys on horseback and water-car- feasts and at the noon recess opportunity was riers everywhere, these great processions have given to those who wanted to go home for lunch. continued to reenact this great miracle play of In this way religious practices are becoming more Islam. This year the processions were strictly and more a matter of conviction and less and less forbidden, and in modern Iran, even as in the a matter of conforming to general custom. Saner time of the Medes and Persians, orders are given attitudes are taking the place of blind adherence to be obeyed. Thus passed one of the Shiah cus- to fanatical practices. toms with but few of the educated young people to lament its passing. In contrast, earlier in the The adoption of the Western or "international" year great multitudes assembled along the streets hat is perhaps the most noticeable change in Iran. of the city to see the first "carnival of joy"-floats Since men first began to wear hats the Oriental and clowns depicting the recent progress of Iran. has considered it disrespectful to uncover his head Only a "Miss Iran" as queen of the carnival was in one's presence, hence at formal gatherings and lacking in modern Iran in 1935! at worship no hats were removed. Since the Mos- lem prayer requires touching the forehead to the

ground the brimless fez has remained a distinc- of thought from the young people in the United tive badge. For more than a year certain groups States. Such changes in customs and costumes, have been removing their hats and on June 14th however, are effecting vital changes in attitudes the governor attended our girls' school commence- and convictions. ment and ordered all men to remove their hats. One week later most of the officials attended our Young men from the schools, from the army boys' school commencement wearing regular hats and from the universities of Europe are returning and one month later policemen began to destroy to their homes to add to the ferment that has alall fezzes. ready begun. Customs and practices of the West as well as those of old Persia are viewed with The removal of the veil is being accomplished critical eyes. The old decadent national spirit more gradually by an order forbidding the enrol- along with religious and social practices as well ment in any school of any girl wearing a veil. as hats, veils and city streets are all undergoing The young people in Iran are no longer so very rapid change. different in appearance, interests, desires or mode What a challenge we face today!

.Religious Changes in Iran By the REV. GEORGEF. ZOECKLER, J;..- Daulatiibiid-Malayis SINCE the World War a new creed, National- no reality; and that there is no further need for ism, has appeared that, in some sections, has either God or religion. well nigh or altogether supplanted revealed religion. This seems to be the present situation No doubt much of the retarded development of in Iran. One who has lived in the country for the people of Iran is one effect of the mass of traany length of time realizes the need that has too dition and superstition that has grown up about long existed for some force that could consolidate their religion, Islam, and has become a part of it. all the elements in the Iranian nation-its varied These traditions and superstitions are now being tribes, races, languages and social elements, in attacked and in some particulars the Government order that a strong government may be estab- program cuts directly across them. For example lished on a firm basis, and so that the material the program for the changing and beautifying of progress the country is making under His Maj- the cities of the land frequently involves the transesty, Reza Shah Pahlavi, may be appreciated by formation of sacred burying grounds into public the entire nation. There is good reason to praise gardens. the effort that is being put forth to develop a spirit that will help the people to recognize all classes The nationalistic spirit in its operation goes and races as integral parts of the kingdom, and even deeper and does more than to affect the exto instil into the lives of the people a spirit of ternals of life. This is exactly what it is intended loyal, active patriotism. to do. There was little in the life of the people, private or public, that did not come under the Nevertheless, one cannot but wonder what the various categories of their religion. Legal proultimate results will be of the program upon which cedure, governmental functions, social sanctions, the Government has entered and the consequent education, were all looked upon as integral parts changes which have come into the life of the peo- of Islam, and the religious leaders claimed for ple. One does not fear so much for the material themselves these prerogatives. Before the inchanges themselves, for these may mean real im- auguration of the new legal code, legal procedure, provement in the material condition of the masses; which confined itself to the provisions of the but one wonders how rapidly it will be possible Shariat, and its interpretation by the Mujtahideen, for the masses to assimilate all that these changes was administered by these same Mujtahideen and involve, and what effect they will have upon their their coterie. Deeds of sale, contracts of all kinds, spiritual character. Iran, in these particulars, is including marriage contracts, divorce, and all no different from other nations and peoples. Such other legal documents, were executed by those who rapid material changes tend to produce the belief were theoretically the religious and spiritual leadthat religion has failed; that the spiritual life has ers of the people. But now, through the estab- lishment by the Government of courts of justice

RELIGIOUS CHANGES IN IRAN

and departments for the registration of contracts, a marked decrease in the number of Iranian Mosthe religious leaders have been relieved of the lems undertaking the pilgrimages to Mecca and functions which they formerly exercised. Kerbela. This is due in part to restrictions on exchange and travel for Iranians outside of the Religious Leaders and Observances bounds of the country. At the same time there has been a marked increase in the number of pilgrims Prior to the assumption of these functions on to the Qom and Meshhed shrines which are within the part of the Government, there had appeared the country. Better roads and automobile transa growing distrust of the religious leaders and port are, no doubt, largely responsible for this. much of the retarded development of the people While there are those who make these pilgrimages was laid at their doors. Several years ago the from religious zeal, there are also many who make Government set out to clear up the situation that these excursions more from the desire to see other existed in the ranks of the religious leaders. parts of Iran. Their number had become so great and many were so obviously unfit for their calling that the Gov- The net result of these changes, as they affect ernment inaugurated special examinations to the spiritual side of life seems to be a marked which this extensive group was subjected. Many trend toward agnosticism, irreligion and atheism. who had been wearing clerical robes, realizing the While many cling to the Moslem faith, there is a futility of even trying for the examinations, did marked tendency among them toward a more libnot appear for them, while a large number who eral interpretation of their religion and its pracdid try were rejected; both of these classes were tices, so that there seems to be lacking that incompelled to withdraw from the clerical ranks. tense fanaticism that was so much in evidence Thus the Mullahs have been reduced so that today not so long ago. However, even among the more there are probably not more than twenty-five per educated and progressive where the tendency tocent of the former number. And those who re- ward irreligion has been most marked, one finds main are, in the main, ill equipped to meet the at times those who have become convinced that spiritual needs of the people; and stripped of material advances are not in themselves sufficient their former powers they hold no real influence to change the people into a new nation, but that a over the masses who are left very largely without spiritual basis must be sought to stabilize the maspiritual guidance at a time when they are most terial advance. in need of it. Effect on Christian Work Many of the religious exercises of the people have felt the impact of the changes that are tak- Nationalism, and the changes it has brought in ing place. The Shiah Moslems have always laid the religious life of the people, cannot but have great emphasis on the sufferings and martyrdom very definite effects upon Christian mission work. of the Imam Hosein on the field of Kerbela, and Let us note the effect on the definitely evangelistic the months of Moharram and Safar-especially work and the development of a national Christian the first ten days-have been set aside to com- Church. memorate this event. The processions during these days, accompanied by wailings and beatings Until recently the Government of Iran gave of breasts, by castigations and flagellations and legal recognition to but one religious faith, Islam. mutilations, are well known to all who are ac- Latterly it has given recognition to four religious quainted with Shiah Moslem customs. These faiths: Islam, ChristianUy, Judaism and Zoroaspractices, which meant so much to devout Mos- trianism. It would seem at first that this change lems, have been curtailed by Government order, would free the evangelistic program from some of almost to the point of extinction. the restrictions under which it has been conduct- ed, but due to other elements that enter into the The fast in the month of Ramazan, which was nationalistic program, this is not the case. Jp the formerly so rigorously observed and enforced that past, though Islam was undisputedly dominant in even non-Moslems were compelled to refrain from the land, the missionary evangelist was free to eating in public, is being less and less observed travel in practically any part of the country. today. It is not uncommon to see even Moslems Medico-evangelistic itineration was a common and eating in public during the month of Ramazan. fruitful method. But today through the limita- Government office hours and the hours of school tions made with regard to foreigners practicing sessions, which formerly were tempered to the medicine in Iran, the activities of the missionary occasion, are now retained without any change. physician and surgeon are materially circum- scribed. On the other hand, the Government's The prescribed prayers, five times a day, which effort to consolidate its work has brought legislaare incumbent on every Moslem, are not so strictly tion against political and religious propaganda observed by Iranian Moslems; and the same is which frequently hampers the evangelist. The true of other practices of their religion. There is

enforcement of regulations is often dependent strong effort has been put forth to effect a national upon the attitude of local officials and their inter- consolidation of the churches; and while this has pretation of a specific order, or their attitude to- not been possible on a national scale because the ward a particular individual. Islam is still churches in the south are under the Church Mis~ guarded, and it is now a misdemeanor to speak sionary Society and those in the north are Presdisparagingly about Islam or Mohammed. byterian in government, it has been possible to effect a union of the churches in the north. It is For some time there has been a shifting of em- too early to speak of accomplishments in this new phasis in the Christian approach to Moslems. Not union, but one can cite examples of work that many years ago the accepted method was that of some of the churches in the Union are already controversy and the literature employed was undertaking. In the Rezaieh (Urumia) district largely controvertial. An effort was made, by the missionary forces were withdrawn some logical proof, to establish the truth of Christianity twenty months ago at the request of the Governas against the fallacy of Islam, and to exalt Christ ment. Before the World War the churches in this by pointing out faults in Mohammed. Today this area had attained a promising degree of independmethod is entirely abandoned and in its place is ence but only a small fraction of the members of the simple presentation of Jesus Christ in His those churches returned when peace was restored. beauty and holiness as the Lord and Saviour of But the churches were rebuilt and the services reman. The fulness and the brightness of His established. It was with some misgivings for the matchless character and its appeal to the hearts of welfare of these churches that the mission forces men, together with His ability to meet their spir- were withdrawn, but the report for this period itual needs, must win them to Him; if that cannot seems to indicate a strength in these churches that win them, surely controversy will not succeed. had hardly been foreseen.

But presenting Jesus Christ to the people of Another church is endeavoring to maintain the Iran is succeeding. Men and women are coming work of an outstation which the mission was not to know the Christ in varying degrees, and they able to keep up during these years of retrenchadmire Him and His teachings; and while, at ment. A third church is maintaining, at considertimes, they may look upon His teachings as impos- able expense to itself, two primary schools. Three sible of attainment, they are no longer content years ago, when all primary schools operated by with anything less. Not infrequently have I foreigners were discontinued, this church, desirheard it said by those who have come in touch ing that its children should still be able to get with the Gospel that if Iran would follow the Ser- their education under Christian influences, semon on the Mount it would become heaven. But cured permission and undertook to operate the even if Moslems have not yet come to know Him schools which the mission was forced to relinquish. in His fulness, they are coming to know Him; Their graduates, presenting themselves for the and as they know Him better they will come to compulsory Government examinations at the close appreciate Him-to a much larger degree also. It of the· course, have carried off high honors. is often these individuals who are effective instruments in breaking down the prejudices against These churches have also become conscious of Christ in others. each other and not infrequently they endeavor to assist one another in cases of particular stress The .National Christian Church and need. At the first meeting of the Union of the Evangelical Churches of Northern Iran the The new atUtude in Iran has also affected the moderator stressed the fact that the fundamental work of the national church. While the great ob- purpose of the organization was to make it posjective of mission work is the development of the sible for all the churches to come to a fuller muchurch, no great progress had been made toward tual understanding of their conditions so as to be this. end before the nationalistic movement began able to be of more assistance to one another. to make itself felt. Only in the region of the Rezaieh (Urumia) field had any real progress been These are a few of the religious changes seen noted, and this was before the devastations of the in 'Iran today. They reveal the great need for a World War which practically wiped out all that spiritual foundation upon which to establish those had been attained in that field. In other parts of changes; and over against this fundamental need the country, while churches had been established a growing and dev6!loping church which, though in cities, towns and villages, no organization had still weak, is alive to the situation. Alongside is brought them together into a national unit. There the mission still seeking to work in the closest cowere evidences of the nationalistic spirit in the operation with the newly-founded church. It is a church, and the mission was not averse to utilizing challenging situation ripe with opportunities, this spirit in furthering the establishment of the problems and responsibilities which call for the indigenous church. During the past few years a prayerful support of the Christian world.

Nestorian Tragedy in

THE Nestorian Assyrians in Irak fled at the the Patriarch, Mar Shimun, had to flee from Irak outbreak of the World War from their Kurd- after the massacre, he came to Geneva to plead the ish mountains to the lowland plains in Meso- cause of his people before the League. The Counpotamia, in order to escape the fate brought upon cil thereupon appointed a committee to look about the Armenians by the Turks. They confided in the for a new home for these homeless people. It com- protection of England, when Irak was mandated missioned the Nansen-Committee for Fugitives to to that country. Assyrian tribes were already liv- undertake the necessary steps, but no one wants ing in Irak, among them the Roman Catholic to receive the Assyrians. They cannot return to "Chaldeans," while the Nestorian fugitives re- Turkey, and in Irak they are scattered and quickly mained true to their ancient faith, which their die of hunger and sickness. The Syrian mandated missionaries had once carried even into China. territory cannot receive them and the same is true These Nestorian fugitives found shelter in of Persia. The Nansen Committee sent a delega- upper Irak and some of them fought under Gen- tion to Brazil, which at first seemed inclined to eral Agha Petros in the allied army. But thou- allow the fugitives to settle, but, under the in- sands were unable to get through to Irak, and fluence of a press campaign, refused them en- found their way through to Russia, to the Baltic trance. At present the Nansen Committee is try- countries, to Persia and even to southern France. ing to find a home for them in British Guiana.

The Nestorian Assyrians are under the spiritual This plan does not seem very feasible on account leadership of a patriarch, who is the national head of unfavorable climatic conditions. Australia of his people. The present patriarch, Mar Shimun, might perhaps grant refuge to these homeless is a young man of twenty-five years, who has en- fugitives in its unoccupied territory.

joyed an English education and lives now in The Assyrian people, like the Armenian, have western Europe. become the victim of political discrimination. The The Assyrians, who were unable to return to whole Christian world should take hold of the sit- Kurdistan, their ancient home, have settled in the uation or another winter will diminish their num- villages around Mosul and some are employed by bers frightfully. Christendom has an indisputable the British to guard the British airplane hangars. responsibility for the preservation of these Chris- When Irak, after gaining its independence, tian people, who have already suffered so much joined the League of Nations, the Assyrians feared for their faith in past centuries. The Swiss Evan- that their condition would be made worse, as the gelical Church Federation, as early as 1933, ap- policy of the Irak Government was to disperse pealed to the Ecumenical Council for Practical them throughout the country so as to destroy their Christianity, to use its influence with the League national and church unity. A still greater peril of Nations for a better protection of these people.

lay in the ancient antagonism between Moham- In collaboration with Dr. Keller, the head of the medans and Christians. This came to a head European Central Office for Church Relief, the about three years ago in the notorious massacre above committee is now constantly occupied with in which a thousand Assyrians were slain. these problems. It has organized an Assyrian The Assyrians are a people without home, with- subcommittee and raised subscriptions in Switzer- out protection, without help. The Geneva central land and has appealed to the Assyrian Commission office for church aid and relief has been engaged of the League. An Assyrian representative from for the last ten years in helping individual groups India, Mar Timotheus, who took part in the world of fugitives in France and Syria. The relief office conference at Stockholm applied to this great con- has also done much to procure aid for the suf- ference for help for his dying people. The Cen- ferers in Irak. Although the Government has tral Committee was able during the last two years settled the surviving widows and orphans of the to carry some relief to the fugitives in Irak, the massacred Assyrians in internment camps, there Lebanon and some other countries; but vastly are still thousands in the villages, north and east more is needed, if this frightful perishing is to be of Mosul, who live in the direct misery. Last halted. If a new home should be found for the winter there was great mortality among them, so Assyrian Christians, western Christendom should that, unless help comes soon, these people, num- become sponsor for their ancient Oriental Chris- bering about 35,000 in Irak, will disappear alto- tian church. There is great danger that this gether. dying people may need no further help either from What has been the activity of the League of the League of Nations or from Christian people.

Nations toward protecting the Assyrians? When -The Ecumenical Press Service.

[77 ]

with Moslems in Arabia*

By REV. B. D. HAKKEN, Bahrein, Persian Gulf REPETITION is a fundamental principle of prevail and whether the Gospel will ever have a pedagogy and Islam has certainly taken ad- real hearing. The unreasonable attitude, the vantage of this. When very young the child cocksure assertions, even the pitying scorn for our is sent to the Koran School where, through con- blindness to the truth of Islam, take their toll. It " stant repetition, he memorizes the Koran in whole seems that they will never turn a sympathetic ear or in part. When he is old enough to pray, the to our message and will go on forever stating the repetition of the prayers five times a day again same falsehoods, the same irrational half-truths, brings this principle to the fore and continues with the same bigoted assertions. But we know that the worshiper throughout his whole life. Ejacula- the truth will prevail.

tions, exclamations, common everyday expres- The Moslem has come to put repetition in the sions, greetings morning, noon and night, all place of thought. Simply because he has been told contain the word "Allah." Children are named a thing enough times, he believes it is true and it servants of Allah or are given the name of their is hard to get him to try to think. Logic simply prophet. Mohammed is never mentioned except does not enter into the matter. From cradle to with the formula, "Upon whom be prayers and the grave, the Moslem hears that the Koran is the peace." His unique character is continually em- word of God; therefore it is, and the man never phasized. Even the smallest things, the most min- even thinks to question. Again and again he hears ute customs of the people take their rise from the that Mohammed is the essence of all that is good example of Mohammed. in man and it does not occur to them that he is not This idea of doing and saying things again and what he is pictured.

again naturally has its effects on the work of the One time I said to some of my school boys, "It Gospel, most of which are unfavorable, but some is just possible that you are wrong and we are are favorable. Many times we have heard quoted right. It is possible that the Koran is not God's from the Koran that Christians are closer to Mos- word and that the Gospel is. It is possible that lems than any other sect! Many times we have Mohammed is not a prophet where Christ is the heard Moslems quote texts from the Koran in seal of the prophets. Have you thought of that?"

praise of Christ! Many times we have been re- The answer is illuminating: "But the Koran says ferred to as "People of the Book" and told what that he is the apostle of God." It was not for a lot of good we are doing out here! Many times these boys to question the Koran. Countless ex- we have heard Moslems confess that they love and amples can be given for again and again we are honor Christ even more than we do! led up against· the stone wall of the Koran and Then there is the unfavorable side. How many Mohammed built by the principle of repetition.

times we have heard that the Koran is the word Can this stone wall be broken down? It can of God for no one can write anything like it, no, and it is. The pedagogic principle of repetition is not even the jinns! How many times we have also at work from the standpoint of Christ. We heard that Mohammed is the seal of the prophets too, insist, and continue to insist,·that our Gospel for he came after Christ and there has been no is God's Book and is true, that Christ is the seal prophet since! Continually we hear the assertion of the prophets and the Saviour of the world. We that the Koran has replaced the Gospel. Steadily insist that He died for our sins. We insist that we hear the text quoted, "God is not begotten and His commandment of love is the only hope of man- He begetteth not," the refutation of Christ's son- kind. We insist that religion is of the spirit and ship, for they conceive of it in a physical sense. not only of outward acts. We insist that justice Possibly the text we hear quoted more than any and mercy are the greatest attributes of God as is, "They did not kill Him and they did not crucify over against the Moslem idea of power. For al- Him, but they only had His likeness." All these most half a century we have been proclaiming the and many more are definitely against the propa- God of love and the constant repetition is having gation of the Gospel. its effect. The truths of the Gospel are b.attering But we wish to note the effect of Moslem repeti- against the stone wall of Islam and although the tions. It is not only tiresome, but tiring to hear effect of this battering is still slight, yet we can these false platitudes "bandied about continually. see that something is being accomplished and we At times one wonders whether the truth will ever shall continue our work. Again and again and again we shall proclaim the unsearchable riches • Condensed from Neglected Arabia. of Christ.

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Blots on National 'Scutcheons

An Open Letter to My Friends, the Women of Japan* By MURIEL LESTER, Kingsley Hall, London 1'- Author "Ways of Praying"

~======================d N EARLY ten years ago I suffered a humilia- "Please ask this English lady, when she gets tion. I was in India standing with a friend back to London, to speak to the people there and in one of the narrow streets of Delhi, beg them to do something to help us, for we are watching the keeper of an opium shop supplying weak of will, and so long as the drugs are procur- addicts with drugs. For twenty minutes I forced able we cannot help taking them."

myself to be a witness of this Government licensed The message was translated but what could I traffic for which, as a British woman, I was par- answer, I, a nobody, a slum dweller, one among tially responsible. the millions of fellow citizens in the British Em- Passers-by, wondering what was happening, pire? I explained that I had no power except as stood silent, grave and impassive, watching us. an individual, but I promised to give their mes- One of the purchasers, mere skin and bone he sage to everyone I could reach and I would keep seemed, having exchanged his money for a few them in mind every day of my life by putting them grains of the potent powder was shuffling away in my prayers. Thenceforward it was impossible for me to bewhen my friend spoke to him. come acquiescent or complacent about imperial- "Why do you take it, grandpa?" she enquired. ism. My vow led me into all sorts of unexpected situations, to Governors in India, to officials in "Ah! Lady," he answered. "It was a bad cough London, to public meetings in England, Scotland I had. It racked my body and this medicine took and Wales. away the pain." It is with no tinge of censoriousness therefore "I can give you something better than that for that I am appealing to the people of Japan to peryour cough," she said. suade the Government policy to be altered as re- gards poisonous drugs in China. How can I blame The old man reached out his hand as she wrote you, considering that when my ancestors were down her address on a slip of paper. Other pur- waging the opium wars, yours were giving to the chasers gathered round, courteously inquiring, world a unique contribution of art, drama, archi- Indian style, who we were and what had brought tecture, ideals of self-sacrifice, courtesy, self-reus there. My friend explained that I was British straint, and loyalty for which Japan has for so and had just come from London in order to know long been noted? something of their way of life. This caused them to draw closer still. They were all attention while It is out of my steadfast love for Japan and my she explained that there were no opium shops in deep appreciation of your national characteristics London. To take drugs or to trade in them was that I venture to write this letter. against the law. They were greatly impressed by this anomaly. Their surprised scrutiny was hard There are two outstanding experiences to which to bear. I had to force myself to raise my head my mind often reverts, and never without getting and face them. Just then a new customer came satisfaction and inspiration. They are listening up, a cheery looking boy of twelve or thirteen. to the nightingale deep in an English forest glade in June and watching the Kabuki drama in Osaka. "Surely you do not take it, sonnie," exclaimed Both experiences give one a satisfaction so deep, my friend. a sense of fulfilment so real, that time almost seems to stand still, while one is experiencing their "Oh! No," he retorted with a broad grin. "I beauty. am only getting it for the baby." With this association of ideas which has en- "That's right," exclaimed one of those who riched me ever since first visiting Japan eighteen stood nearest to us, "it's useful for babies. It months ago, the new experience is doubly unwelkeeps them out of harm's way while their mothers co~e which now links Japanese drama in my are at work." mmd to a Japanese theater in the Demilitarized As the boy went off with his screw of paper a man raised his voice.

• A letter written from North China on June 12, 1935. Zone in North China. This shows obscene plays [79 ]

daily from ten o'clock in the morning, runs an il- "Do you not think these children look very lovlegal lottery in the vestibule, sells morphine and able?" asked the teacher. heroin throughout the program-all under the protection of Japanese authority. The local mag- "Indeed they are very lovable children," anistrate's order for the closure of this theater when swered the Chinese. it was in Chinese hands was effective. The local social conscience was appeased. But when Japa- "Where do you think they live?" asked the nese citizens reopened it and allied with the evil teacher. plays produced these other evils, and claimed ~x­ traterritoriality to justify ignoring the magIS- The Chinese children guessed, but none successtrate's repeated closure order, it was merely the fully. might of the Japanese military that caused these anti-social activities to be allowed free scope to "They are children of Japan," said the teacher. bring in profits. The children remembered the bombs that had suddenly begun to fall around them when they Education vs. Drugs were in church one Sunday morning. They knew how J apamise soldiers stabled their horses in their Almost every day of my stay in Japan I visited school playgrounds and made their homes miseror heard of some new school. Wherever I went, able. people seemed to be reading. Nowhere else in the "No, they cannot be. The Japanese are wicked," world have I seen street peddlers and costermon- they answered with childlike directness. gers studying books in the intervals between the The teacher encouraged the children to talk out sale of buttons, tapes, candy arid oranges. I had this problem, reminding them that they had althe privilege of meeting a woman who, long years ready pronounced them lovable: yet they were ago, was the first girl to attend school in Japan. indisputably Japanese. After discussing it for When she heard that the Government had opened some time, the children announced their concluone she insisted on her father taking her to it. sions. "It may be that the boys and girls of Japan Their journey thither took ten days. When she are lovable and only the grown-ups are wicked." arrived she found she was the only student. It was I have been interested to see how many of the not till a month later that a second and a third finest Chinese citizens, with a deep sense of spirgirl joined her. Now Nursery Schools are found itual values, have gone on from that point to exin obscure villages and great educational institu- plain to young people that even a further step tions have been set up by self-sacrificing service must be taken; they must never forget that the and generous gifts from many lovers of youth. grown-up people of Japan are good, that the evil things that are so obviously being done in Educationists who travel from Japan to China their name are not known to most of the Japanese find in that country the same reverence for edu- at home. cation, the same sort of institutions resulting from the same sort of devotion. Imagine then the shock I was delighted in Japan by the courtesy of the of finding, immediately outside the walls of Yen- people. I can never forget how the driver of my ching University, ten miles from the city of Peip- car nearly collided with another on turning a ing, a drug trafficker who had set up his poison.ous corner in Tokyo. At home there would probably business and refused .to recognize the law agamst have been some sarcasm, a little display of temper, it, quoting his status as a Japanese citizen u:?der some profanity; not so in Japan. As soon as the the protection of the Japanese Consulate at TIent- drivers clamped on the brakes, both leaped from sin. Members of the University faculty, men of their seats, swept off their hats, bowed almost to international repute, had no power against the the ground and made polite speeches to each other. evil intent of one trafficker. When representations In a moment we were continuing our journey were made to the Japanese Consulate, they ordered the drug trafficker away but allowed him to How different are Japanese manners in China! return in a week or so. I saw this man in his place On the wharf where a distinguished visitor was of business. Are students to be encouraged in about to embark, Chinese police had roped off a self-discipline and good citizenship and kept free space in the usual manner. Representatives of from commercialized temptations in Japan while many nations were waiting to give their welcome. outside your country you insist that an opposite A Japanese official came up late, could not find the set of ideas is to motivate action? point of vantage he desired so proceeded to the point which was being guarded by the- police. Are They All Wicked? They told him there was no entrance that way but he insisted in the face of the assembled company Some Chinese children in the Demilitarized crudely to push his way through. Zone were shown a photograph of Japanese children taken in one of your Nursery Schools. When I first visited Japan, I remember a Brit- ish resident of long standing describing the hon-

THE BLOTS ON NATIONAL 'SCUTCHEONS

esty of the people. If anything were lost, she de- to do so. They insisted that he produce the money clared, it was almost certain to be returned. She next day. He procured $500 but they were not herself had dropped in the street her purse with satisfied. When bayonets are brought into an arsome thirty yen in paper money which any passer- gument equity suffers; the following day $2,000 by could have kept without risk of detention. It more were extorted from him. A military reprewas returned to her next day. But in the Demili- sentative from Tientsin Consulate then came to tarized Zone of North China the poison drug shops inquire into the situation. He told the magistrate operated by Japanese and Koreans, are well to sign a statement that he had not been held known as receivers of stolen goods. They operate prisoner in his office. This he refused to do. But a pawnshop in alliance with their drug traffic so he suffered for it afterwards. that addicts are tempted to steal in order to procure their dose. There is no redress, even if one During my journeyings round the world three knows where one's stolen property has been de- institutions stand out in my memory as super-exposited. The shops are under Japanese law, not cellent. Among these is the Government Leper Chinese. Hospital and Settlement near Tokyo that Dr. Ka- gawa took me ,to see. It is so well run that not 'Loyalty vs. Injustice only are skill and technical achievement obvious even to a novice in medicine, but one cannot help Another thing that I especially appreciated in noticing a spirit of personal devotion, that has Japan was the loyalty of the individual to his sense elicited from the victims of that disease a sort of of duty. With Japanese, self-will seems to be com- happiness. pletelysubordinated to the good of the nation. Loyalty has characterized Japanese life for so Other public health work in various parts of long that even a visitor, whose total stay during Japan was memorable also but in China public both visits did not exceed eleven weeks, caught health work is being hindered through the extra something of this steadfastness of purpose. Sure- burdens laid upon the doctors and nurses in the ly this might be considered J.apan's greatest con- treatment of drug addicts who would be self-retribution to the world! Some of us in the West specting citizens if it were not for the influx of have been trying to follow the way of Jesus Christ Japanese and Korean drug traffickers. Is it credfor centuries. We have found it extremely hard itable to Japan that doctors and nurses, Chinese to be loyal to the command laid upon His followers and foreign, should have their time taken up by in no uncertain terms, "If anyone would come dealing with victims of Japanese traders? after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me." The cross is no orna- In the Demilitarized Zone mented symbol of gold, silver or wood. It is a symbol of death, agony, torture. Morning by I enjoyed traveling in Japan. The orderliness morning we try to face this challenge, to match and punctuality are dependable, pleasant to exour personal puny strength with the possible im- perience. The railway travel in China I have enplications of this demand. Are we willing to go joyed until now, but on my way through the Deany length, to disgrace or to death, in loyalty to militarized Zone a Japanese soldier came into the our Master and for the sake of others? It is a third-class carriage in which I was traveling. The frightfully difficult discipline for us to undergo, Chinese guard asked for his ticket. He had none but you people of Japan are already trained to do but said he was with the military. Where was it. It has been in your blood for centuries. What his ticket then, asked the conductor? He said he other race in the world is so well prepared to lead had a military pass but did not produce it. The the way in loyalty? But here in China you inter- conductor very politely informed him that in that fere with people who are trying to do their duty. case this was the wrong train for him to travel on as it was not available for the military. He an- Last summer an alert Chinese magistrate in the swered that there seemed to be plenty of room Demilitarized Zone, knowing that his authority and settled down to enjoy the journey. held sway at any rate over the Chinese in his district, arrested some Chinese employees of a J apa- While in Japan last spring I heard of the fornese drug firm when they were not on their em- ward movement to do away with the licensed ployer's premises. He confiscated the drugs they houses for prostitutes. It was a pleasure to diswere carrying and despatched the whole lot to cuss with social workers this big step forward and Tientsin. Some roughs were immediately gath- to notice how the great campaign Josephine Butered together and sent into his office to demand ler waged in the middle of the last century, when $7,000 damages for his action. He refused to pay. she stood up at the risk of her life against licensed Then Japanese troops from Lanhsien came and prostitution, was being courageously maintained ordered him to come to the barrack but he was a by her successors in Japan. Having witnessed college graduate and not easily scared; he refused

this social advance, it was disappointing to find a common weal. They encourage their country puwidespread operation of brothels by Japanese and pils to give their spare time to help the under- Koreans in the Demilitarized Zone. I saw many privileged children in their midst. Changli people such houses, some of them blatantly advertising have turned their attention to improving the local their nature not only in Chinese characters but in methods of agriculture by means of modern scilarge English lettering. ence. They are planting fruit trees with new con- fidence believing they can prevent the recurrence Trees vs. Children of pests.

When I reached Kyoto last March I found the With the setting up of the Demilitarized Zone, hills transformed. Tall gaunt tree trunks, stripped however, the traffic in poisonous drugs has been of branch and leaf stood out against the skyline, carried on with greatly enhanced profits. The witnesses €ven in death to the violence of the re- magistrate has no power to control the Japanese cent typhoon. Hour after hour I roamed up and and Koreans who have set up their "foreign firms" down the winding paths of those hills, sorry for all over the district. Changli County actually the widespread destruction and the loss of life suffers much less than other parts of the Zone, sustained. One evening I was sitting indoors with but the very fact of its civic conscience and its my Japanese friends when we heard the slow beat- nearness to Peiping makes it the most convenient ing at regular intervals of a great temple gong. place to study and report upon. According to the It was to summon people to a memorial dirge for survey carried out this month, over thirty Japathe trees. The night was still and dark. The sol- nese and Korean firms are operating, just outside emn act of mourning was celebrated simultaneous- the city walls, because ,the respectable citizens ly in town and on the pine-clad heights. within the walls will not rent premises to them. Noone has power to close these shops except the Next day, in characteristic Japanese manner, Japanese. Whenever the local authorities attempt men started efficiently to repair the damage. I to do so, they are reminded that Japanese and saw the carts passing through streets, each carry- Koreans need not obey Chinese law. Does Japaing a white robed Shinto priest and some six or nese law favor allowing young people to become eight young saplings to be planted so as to clothe drug addicts? the hills with green once more. A peculiarly unpleasant feature of this traffic But no one could restore the human loss of life. is the opening up of lotteries on the same prem- The widespread lamentation of the mothers rings ises, and pawn shops wherein those who pledge in one's ears still. "Oh! my children! Oh! my their goods are encouraged to take payment in trees! Alas for my children! Alas for my trees !" drugs rather than in cash. Both these practices are illegal according to local law but protected by In the Demilitarized Zone Chinese parents are the Japanese military. I went into the local clinic mourning for their children. Some of them can where drug addicts are treated and found most of yet be saved. Would you not have succoured them them young. long ago if you had known what was happening? But just as it was through the testimony of eye- Consider how easily one careless act-ion may witnesses that the British public had to be made lead to destruction. A dose is procurable for sevaware of the havoc of opium in India, so in Japan en sen; the ignorant purchaser is told that it will the stories about the recent influx of drugs into cure any pain; the syringe for the injection is North China were deemed false, the result of un- rented on the deferred payment system, the second friendly propaganda, until someone could go and dose will cost more, the third more still. Soon the collect trustworthy evidence. "And if you see man is helpless and his home is ruined. Very often anything bad be sure to let us know," was the in- the first dose is given free. Child addicts are by junction given me by several Japanese public men, no means unknown. people of integrity and wide experience in government, before I set sail for China. It has been suggested several times that it is dangerous to tamper with the profits of the opium Changli is a little self-respecting town of some trader. It is playing with dynamite. But it is 15,000 inhabitants. They have a well-run hospital encouraging to see how more and more people are and some excellent schools where the girls and coming to feel that it is better to die in the cause boys imbibe good citizenship as well as book learn- of humanity than in the killing of fellow human ing. The students work with their hands, build- beings. One can do a very great and lovely service ing and roadmending. I saw the girls also lend a to one's nation by removing from her name the hand in repairing the highway. taint of protecting profits rather than persons. That is what women all the world over are trying T,eachers trained in Changli go into obscure to do for their countries. Let us stand shoulder to parts of the province and carry thither the good shoulder in this. tradition of voluntary service and care for the

A Korean Woman's Story*

-<!III By MRS. INDUK PAR:, Sooul, Cho"," II ….

I T IS very significant for a woman, an Oriental, On Christmas morning my mother and I walked particularly a Korean, to be asked to speak to on the lonely snow-covered road for three miles to a representative group of young people from the church where a few groups of women and chil- the higher institutions of America and Canada. dren were gathered together singing a Christmas Having heard the wonderful speeches by the carol. I see still my mother as she stood up world-renowned teachers, my courage has almost bravely and told the people her new decision to failed. But, when I think of what Christ has follow Jesus Christ who had brought her peace.

meant to me and to my fellow women, I cannot I did not understand what it was all about but keep quiet. I must tell it to others. I was very happy to be given a yellow writing pad We have just celebrated the fiftieth anniversary and a blue pencil!

of the beginning of Christian missions in Korea. After we went back home I asked my mother The achievements within a very short period of to teach me to write and read, but she said, "My time are really great. I cannot give the statistics, daughter, I am sorry I cannot because I don't but generally speaking, the missions have helped know myself."

us to wake up intellectually, spiritually, and Under the old regime girls were not given an physically through evangelistic, educational and academic education. The homes were the schools; medical work. mothers were the teachers. The girls in their The Protestant missions came to us just at the homes were taught cooking, sewing and etiquette.

time when we needed them most. My country If the family was well-to-do, the daughters were was in the position of a charming young woman taught by private teachers to read and write the who had many lovers fighting for her beauty and Chinese classics and to paint. But my mother nobility. Korea, with a most important geograph- had no money to give them to teach me. There ical position, with beautiful scenery, good climate, were a few mission schools for girls in the big rich resources, and peace-loving people, could not cities but they were too far away.

resist the outside forces. So my mother put boy's clothes on me, changed Fifty years ago, when we were going through my name to a boy's, and took me to a boys' school.

the most crucial movement in our political life, For two years, I studied and played with the boys, Christianity brought to us the greatest hope, the climbing the trees, spinning tops, flying kites, only hope, Jesus Christ. He was and is still the jumping ropes and running races. It was possible great Friend of our women and children. No re- in those days because both boys and girls wore ligion in Korea showed us the real value of wom- long hair. On the last day of school I appeared anhood. with a girl's dress and surprised the boys! In the When I was about six years old, my father and boys' school, I realized that, after all, women are my only brother died of cholera within twenty- not inferior to men intellectually, as our men four hours. Two…;thirds of my people were gone, thought, and I determined that I was going to get including my uncles, aunts, and cousins. It seemed an education in a girls' school; but how could I?

the whole country was at the point of death. My I begged my mother to give me a dollar and fifty mother felt her loneliness in spirit, helplessness cents. She gave it to me but I don't know where in life, and hopelessness in material things. All she got it. I followed a friend of mine to Seoul she had was her little girl, negative value, not to a missionary school for girls and for the first counted by people. time I saw a missionary from America. She was One day a Christian missionary came to see my tall and good-looking; she put her arms around mother and she told her the wonderful story of me and said, "Are you here to learn? Who sent Christ. It wakened my mother's heart. It opened you ?" I ~ad paid 60 cents for my railroad fare, my mother's eyes. It gave her a new life. and had nmety cents left. When I showed this to her she looked at me and said, "What a pity it is!

• Slightly condensed from an address delivered at the Student You really want to learn?" Volunteer Missionary Convention, January 1, 1936. This and other "Yes," I said. convention addresses will appear in The Student Volunteer Conven- "Then stay here." tion Report, published at $2.00 a copy. Order from the S. V. M., 254 Fourth Ave., New York.

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She wrote to her friends in America, to a blind The large maj ority of our women are the wives poet who lived with his sister in Illinois. They of farmers. So, in order to help our rural people were very much interested in missions, and sent first of all, I thought that we must help the women.

$5.00 a month for seven years to help me with my With the help of many friends in America and education. at home, I took up this special field of work with Seventeen years later, I came to America and ,the village women. We have quite a few volun- went to see my blind poet. He took my hand in teer workers, and so we· selected many villages his and said, "I cannot see you face to face, but I near Seoul, and two by two we went to these vil- can feel and know that your eyes are opened spir- lages once a week. Usually between 20 to 40 or itually." Up to this time I learned about Jesus, 50 women gathered together under the trees if it but I did not know him personally as my Saviour. were warm, and if it grew cold we met in a large In 1919, when we had the Independence Move- house in the village or in a dugout.

ment in Korea many young men and women were First of all, we spent much of our time in learnarrested; I was one of those who was put in jail ing singing and playing games, because our peo- and was there in solitary confinement for six ple haven't realized the value of recreation. We months. Without any people to talk with, nothing have had an unbalanced program of life. Someto see and no books to read, I remembered that times we meditated too long and sometimes we Jesus said, "Man shall not live by bread alone" worked too much. And so, we tried to give our and I knew what He meant. I could go hungry women some recreation so they can have some for nine days, but I could not go on without the amusement in their lives.

words of Jesus. Besides the recreational program, we take up After I had been in jail a month a missionary practical subjects such as hygiene, sanitation, first sent me a copy of the Bible, and I grasped that aid, baby care, budgeting, dyeing, sewing, cook- copy with my two hands and started to read it ing, and how to raise silk worms, pigs, chickens, from the first page to the end. Seven times I read rabbits, cows. These practical subjects help our the New Testament in jail, and twice the Old women to make better homes and better communi- Testament. While I was meditating and mem- ties. We also tell them the wonderful stories of orizing the words of Jesus, I came to know Him Jesus. The minute when they hear those stories personally. He became a reality to me. Since their faces light up. They say: "Do you mean then I have had many trials, and I have made fail- to tell us that we women can have a place outside ure very often, but every time his Spirit has en- of our own homes, too? Do you mean to say that couraged me to move forward, His love is behind a woman can be a person, as well as a man ?" me and within me to overcome the difficulties, and Those who have experienced it can understand His peace is with me all the time. it; nobody else can. Also we teach them to read After I had this wonderful experience I could and write the Korean alphabet, because 90 out of not keep it to myself. It is a duty and a privilege every 100 women in these villages. are illiterate. to tell my fellow women some of the· experiences Then we teach them how .to earn and save some I have had so that they may know the same Christ, money. Oh, it enlightens them very, very much! and that they too may have this abundant Life. We women have been the producers as well as the Thus far the status of our women has been one men, but somehow we did not see the cash. Cash emphasizing maternal duty and feminine virtue. has been handled by the men. So we organized This was interpreted to mean absolute obedience the Cooperative Consumers Societies. Each mem- to men, contentment in an ignorant and very re- ber pays a certain amount every month, and out stricted life, and devotion to the point of self- of this fund we buy soap, petroleum, cooking oil abandonment in the service of the husband's fam- and other things at a wholesale price and sell to ily. As a mother, a woman respected her parents- the members at retail prices. At the end of the in-law and her husband and worshipped his an- year we divide the profits instead of giving the cestors. As a wife, she raised the children and profit to the middle man. Through the Coopera- disciplined them. tive Credit Society, each member saves between Every time when I come to America, nothing in- 15 and 30 cents a month. We also loan money to terests me more than to see the kindness and the members at a very low interest rate, for produc- courtesies that men show to women at home and tive purposes only, such as growing beaon sprouts in public. Having come from a country where and making bean curds and raising chickens. .

everything is centered around the man, it is a new Now, we get hold of some cash in our hands.

world to me. I don't know how you feel about it, We come to have confidence in ourselves econom- but I am sure the elevated place of Western wom- ically and we feel almost that we can get along en is due to Christ for He showed the real value without men I We also have this cooperative spirit of women as other religions never did. which we never had known before:

A KOREAN WOMAN'S STORY

Besides these village classes we have a Folk see the value of a study of the life and the teach- School for the farmers' wives. When I was going ings of Jesus Christ. Members of my group were back home from America I stopped at Denmark full of questions and keen to test the things out and visited some of their folk high schools. Those for themselves. They said, "We won't be satisschools impressed me so much that soon after my fied with talking only, we must put into practice arrival home I wrote a book on the Danish Folk what we learn." We decided to gather some High Schools, and while writing it, I kept think- money, and the individual contributions amounted ing how my people could get the similar spirit by to $100. We gave one-third to a poor farmer to which Denmark was revived. Of course the first buy a cow and two-thirds to a very young promstep was to try it. We rented the building where ising man to start a little business. This is what the Y. M. C. A. had had a Folk School for I have been doing for the last four years. farmers. We selected different women from the villages far and near; we lived together for three Five years ago, while I was traveling in Engweeks; we cooked the rice twice a day, drew water land I got lost one day going to the Swanick Conout of a· well 36 feet deep, cleaned the rooms and ference. I started early in the morning during swept the yard and had a grand time together. the Easter vacation and in the crowds I missed Instead of trying to teach them subjects, we tried the first train and got on the wrong train. To to help them catch the spirit, so that they could reach my destination I changed from train to boat live and work courageously and joyously under and boat to train and train to boat and boat to hard circuJpstances. It worked well. tube and tube to train-fourteen times. Finally I arrived at the end of the line at midnight and Now, I am going to speak of another phase of expected someone to meet me; but -nobody apmy work. I have been helping my church through peared. a choir. The church was in a poor condition. It was located in the most congested section of the I was a foreigner, a woman, all alone with two city and the people were too poor to give toward suitcases and two miles from the conference the upkeep of the building. The first job of the grounds. I did not know the road and there was choir was to clean and beautify the church, so we no way of reaching there except to walk. All I had a regular cleaning party. Seventeen young could think of was the lost sheep! The ninetymen and women scrubbed the floor, painted the nine were in the fold at Swanick but I was the one walls and stopped the leaks, and put up some beau- sheep wandering in the wilderness. All I could do tiful pictures. After that we could sing much was to pray: "Well, God, you must show me the better! Every Saturday evening, this group of way to get there or else I will have to spend the young men and women came together and prac- night here." ticed for Sunday morning services. Sometimes we gave concerts in that church and sometimes The bus driver put his bus away and saw me we broadcasted over the only radio in Korea, standing beside the road alone with two suitcases. JOBK. He came to me and asked where I was going. Then he kindly offered to walk with me. He had Besides this choir, I have had a large young one of my suitcases and I had the other. We were people's Bible class. Do you know that our young going through the mountainous road without expeople today face the most difficult things in our changing a word for half an hour. Here, I lives? I am going to give just one illustration. thought, I am following a strange man in a The pursuit of education is the most difficult thing. strange land in the dark of night. Whether I For instance, last year all the high schools for the liked it or not I had to follow him, and I was girls in Korea were choosing only 1,700 girls, and afraid. Finally I saw a faint light up the mounthere were 4,500 applications. That isn't so bad tain; someone was moving toward us. As I saw as with the boys, for in one of our Christian high the light moving nearer and nearer I was so happy schools for boys, where they had 1,000 applicants, that I hurried my steps. Finally we met and I they were choosing only 250. In some vocational found the lightbearer was my friend, who had schools, only one out of every sixteen applicants come down to find me in the dark night. I was so can be admitted. overjoyed that I just shouted. That was one of the happiest moments of my life. They reduce the numbers by means of entrance examinations even for the first grade in the gram- His lamp am I, mar school. In our city there were 6,000 appli- To shine where He shall say; cants for the first grade in the grammar school And lamps are not for sunny rooms, where they were choosing only 4,000, and so they Nor for the light of day; must choose the pupils by entrance examinations, But for dark places of the earth, just because there are not enough institutions. Where shame and wrong and crime have birth, Or where the lamp of faith grows dim, In the midst of such serious problems you can And souls are groping after Him. So may I shine, his love the flame, That men may glorify his name.

and Motion

By SAMUEL KING GAM IN THE past the problems confronting foreign Japan? The Payne Fund Inquiry on motion pic- missionaries were, more or less, problems tures in the United States showed that at least 75 created by the attitude of the natives them- per cent of the pictures concern sex and crime. selves. What worried the missionaries most were Thus the East sees America, revealed by the anti-Christian sentiments in foreign lands, espe- movies, as a nation of sex promiscuity, vice and cially in the Far East, where missionaries were crime.

looked upon as forerunners of imperialism. But Americans generally may not be disturbed by toda~ the story is different. The anti-Chris,tian the fact that the distorted pictures do not repre- movement in China, Japan, India or Korea, to a sent the "real American life." Unfortunately such great extent, has been suspended. Foreign mis- cannot be understood or imagined by the Orientals sionaries are no longer afraid of antagonism in since the majority of them have never been in spreading the Gospel of Christ. In fact, Chris- America or had any contacts with American cul- tianity is accepted and appreciated more and more ture. For them, the motion picture is perhaps the by the natives today. cheapest way, and oftentimes the only way, to However, there are new problems created as gain some education about American .life; when the old ones have died down. Strange as it may the types of American life they see are marked seem, most of the modern problems faced by mis- by killing, gambling, drinking, murdering, black- sionaries are those issues which are originated, mailing, and making love, such things are consid- not by the natives, but by the Westerners through ered "typical" and "real."

whom the missionaries were sent. One of the Many of the pictures shown in the Orient are greatest handicaps to mission activities today is not produced by the best American companies but the factor of motion pictures, the seriousness of are inferior works of art which have not succeeded which is seldom realized by Christians of the West. in America and have therefore been exported to The missionaries go to the Far East to preach China, Japan or India. These countries pay only the Gospel of Christ which brings purity, good the lowest rentals and hence cannot expect much will and peace; whereas the influence of most except the cheapest and silliest stuff.

motion pictures in Asia is to spread violence, Most missionaries agree that American movie>; crime and vice. The motion pictures are popular are the great stumblingblocks hindering the ad- with the natives and it is not an exaggeration to vancement of the Kingdom of God. The follow- say that foreign movies, within a few years in the ing statements by a missionary will perhaps give Far East, have done more to modify the ideas and a typical example: conduct of the Orientals than missionaries have Several weeks ago some of my boys invited me to go done through the past century. with them to the first talking film to come to the city. In In China, for example, there are more than 700 all innocence I went, and from first to last I was ashamed for America. The picture was the "Hollywood Revue," foreign pictures imported annually, of which about and it seemed to me the distributors had purposely cut out 90 per cent are products of Hollywood. Though all but the dirtiest parts. . . . When the climax came in the Chinese have their own productions, the Chi- the shape of a lewd dance of an almost nude woman I nese pictures compare with those of America. As could endure it no longer and left the theater. I explained one youngster remarked: "Our (Chinese) pic- to them that the "Hollywood Revue" was not America, but they only laughed. I may yet be able to make up for tures are too dried; no kissing, no embracing and that three hours of Hollywood filth but, in the name of all no killing. I like American pictures because they that is clean and pure, why does America send its worst have plenty of excitement." That, perhaps, an- to these countries!

swers the question. The American producers are American movies are counteracting the work of smart enough to have the dialogue translated into Christian missionaries in the East. Most Chinese Chinese or Japanese in order that the people may no longer feel antagonistic toward Christianity, know what the picture is about. Thus Oriental and they are inquiring whether or not the Chris- youth have become very familiar with the prin- tian life is practicable and useful. The pictures cipal Hollywood stars. they see do not show Christians in America, or The writer has been surprised to learn from anything like true Christian conduct. If the Gos- Chinese newspapers that the same pictures being pel of Jesus Christ is going to win its place among shown in America were at the same time adver- foreign peoples, especially the Orientals, a reform tised in China. But, we may ask, what do the of motion pictures in the Western world is greatly Americans see since it is the same in China or needed.

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England a Home· Mission

By the REV. ROBERT WATSON, Boston, Massachusetts Secretary of the Lord's Day League of New England V ERY few outside of New England think of The Baptists with 1,134 churches and a mem- it as a mission field – a field where the need bership of 199,892 increased 6% in that time. is greater than can be met by the local The Presbyterians with only 55 churches and churches. Surely this territory is well covered a membership of 15,462 made the second largest with old and well established churches adequate increase, 480/0 in twenty years. None of these for the demands of every community! In recent Presbyterian churches is competing with others.

years we have heard much about over-churched The United Presbyterians with 23 churches and communities, and a definite effort has been made a membership of 4,807 increased 24% in the same to federate, unite or eliminate churches in towns period.

and villages where one or more could, so far as Here let us consider another phase of this ques- numbers are concerned, provide for all the people. tion, which has evidently not yet been fully con- The Home Missions Council, in conjunction sidered by the Home Missions Council. All must with the national Boards of six outstanding de- rejoice in the friendly cooperation of Evangelical nominations, has agreed that no mission money churches genuinely seeking to secure for each shall be contributed by anyone of these Boards community full Gospel privileges. But does the church upon which is placed the full responsibility where there are more Protestant churches than for a particular community, under the present the size of the community demands. The fine plan, adequately minister to the spiritual needs of spirit of cooperation shown in this matter is most the people? Unless the church has a conscientious encouraging. It is interesting to learn that Christian minister, devoted to the spiritual welthroughout New England it was discovered that fare of the community, in the name of Christ and the number of over-churched places where mission faithfully sheperding the flock, without the stimmoney was being contributed, was almost a minus ulus of competition, the last state of that place quantity. Rural and small towns in Maine, New and people will be worse than the first. Yes, it Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island takes a great deal of time and care to secure a and Connecticut totaled less than twenty actual satisfactory answer to the above query. The incases. In the large towns and cities, the story vestigation should be entered upon promptly and may be somewhat different. Naturally coopera- conducted faithfully without fear or favor, for it tion must set free considerable sums of money to has been already agreed unto by many godly men be used in needy missionary fields. Does this in- that the spiritual life of New England has in reclude places in New England, or is it all'sent to cent years steadily declined. Perhaps no group other states? Some denominations are using has emphasized this more than our Unitarian large sums of mission funds to care for neglected brethren. fields in New England. Are these covering the entire need, or is there call for more? For at least twenty years now it has been af- firmed that more should be done in missionary The Episcopalians in New England reported effort throughout New England. Within the past 727 churches with a membership of 318,706 in seven years, a question was raised at an interde- 1934. This is the only Protestant denomination nominational conference by men from other parts in this territory which is making anything like a of the nation. A clergyman from New York satisfactory growth; it advanced 1500/0 in twenty turned to his neighbor on the right, an outstandyears. ing pastor in a strong denomination, not Presby- terian, and inquired-"What denomination do you The Congregational-Christian group, with 1,487 think can best meet the critical needs of this time churches and a membership of 342,712, made a in New England?" The reply was immediate- "The Presbyterian." The questioner replied: "I 22 % gain in the same period.

The Methodists with 1,162 churches and a mem- bership of 212,357 also gained 22 % in the twenty am greatly surprised to hear that. Why do you years. make such a statement?"

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"Fior three reasons" was the answer; "first, In New Hampshire, the need is of a different because the Presbyterian church has an adequate character. While few places are without a church doctrinal basis; second, because it has stability or pastor, in many instances the people' are dis- through its polity; third, because it has the Evan- couraged and pastors are financially handicapped.

gelical fervor." Under the blessing of G~d the backing of the This is the sincere judgment of one man. How Mission Boards with money and a modicum of supervision in the Spirit of Christ should speedily many would agree with him we do not know. At the present time the Presbyterian church is work wonders. one of the smallest bodies in New England, due In Vermont, the same need exists to quicken and strengthen churches, and there are from 40 to the fact that, many years ago, when the doc- to 50 towns where there is a real dearth. One trinal standards were the same, an agreement to small town of about 60 families, visited recently avoid overlapping was made with the Congrega- by a minister and his wife, has a church building tionalists. At that time a number of Presby- owned by the people. Every home was visited terian churches were turned over to the Congre- and considerable interest was manifested. A gational group. A union of United Presbyterian Sunday evening service has been started with an and Presbyterian U. S. A. congregations, scattered throughout this area, is very desirable today, attendance of about 40; a group of women was irrespective of any plan for a national union of organized, and they have arranged a week-day these two bodies. Such a union would mean a meeting when a strong speaker from the state great gain in the understanding of strangers, a capital will bring a message to the men. A Junior conserving of money for advance work, and a far Christian Endeavor Society, with a capable wom- an superintendent, of 21 children, from 7 to 14 more effective Church of Christ. is already functioning, and at least 30 young peo- Ninety-three Towns Without Churches ple are asking to be organized into a Christian In the summer of 1933, the American Tract Endeavor Society. Multiply that in 50 commu- Society sent an ordained minister into Maine for nities in Vermont, and what would it mean to the three months, to distribute Christian literature, future of that state, to the life of our nation and sell books, conduct religious services, and secure to the Church of Christ? definite information about religious conditions. He found many places entirely without religious In Massachusetts, the great need is to reach the services. One field, with a church property which foreign-speaking peoples in large manufacturing had cost $60,000, gave him a call which he ac- centres. This should be done by encouraging and cepted (although without any guarantee as to equipping the organized churches so that the people salary). Since then new members have been can seriously undertake that task. But Protestant added, and the cause of Christ has made speedy churches are combining, or in a few cases, are goprogress, although great financial sacrifice is nec- ing out of existence. The Roman Catholic Church essary to carryon the work. This pastor recently seems alive to the opportunities, for it is expandreported that 93 towns in Maine are without ing steadily. In Boston, within the past few church services, and 131 towns are inadequately months, they have bought a beautiful Protestant church, erected at a cost of $750,000 less than churched. He says: "Any denomination with vis- ten years ago. In that neighborhood there is a ion enough to expend $5,000.00 could open 15 real o~portunity for an Evangelical church, and churches in one year, and man those churches so such a work could have been undertaken in 1934 that, with help from the people, the work would had a few extra thousand dollars been available.

go on." In Rhode Island there are sections so crowded Another pastor writes that great benefit would with unreached foreign-speaking people that the result from an expenditure of $5,000.00 a year for English-speaking congregations cannot long con- several years to make it possible to send a group tinue unless they combine into larger parishes, of able consecrated, Evangelical students into the with an adequate staff to seriously undertake the state for 15 weeks of the summer, to teach and task of evangelizing and educating those es- preach, organize Sunday schools and revive dead tranged from every church. Several colporteurs, churches. During the winter two or three men a Sunday school missionary, and a pastor evan- could continue the work, and by the next spring gelist could work wonders under God in this small several fields would be ready to seek stated sup- compact state. In addition, a small fund would plies or pastors. In this way, in a period of about prove of great value to tide over a hard year or 10 years, a large number of these neglected fields aid in making necessary repairs to struggling would be permanently supplied with church churches.

privileges. In Connecticut, we think of well organized com-

THE NEED FOR MORE FAITH

munities ministered to by faithful pastors and ca- enced teacher and expounder of the Word of God, pable preachers. Yet one well-known pastor in and marvelous results would follow. that state affirms that with a few thousand dollars a year for ten years, there could be added to his Yes, New England is a home mission field todenomination, one active Evangelical church per day, and to meet the imperative needs require year. If we could place a wooing evangelist, with men and money. Men are available and a few fara song leader, in Connecticut for a few years, he sighted Christians could supply the money do it could do more than any other type of missionary. without much sacrifice. The result promises to be Add to his work, a strong, sound, sensible, experi- an hundredfold in this life and in the world to come, life everlasting, to an increased multitude.

The Need for More Faith* By ROLAND ALLEN Author of "Missionary Methods-St. Paul's or Ours," etc.

OUR Missions to non-Christians are rooted But when we look at the facts the non-Christian and grounded in faith in God and in the missionaries appear to have a stronger faith in power of the Gospel of Christ. Could men the power of their truth than the Christian. The conceivably go abroad to preach a Gospel which first Buddhists to preach in China certainly had a they did not believe to be Good News for them- great faith in the doctrine which they taught. selves, which they did not believe to be Good News They were so persuaded that their doctrine and for those to whom they went? Do not our mis- the rites in which it was expressed were so good sionary histories and biographies proclaim on that those who received them would not only hold every page the power of faith to move mountains them but pass them on to others. From the very of prejudice and difficulty? Is not faith in our beginning the monasteries were ruled by Chinese, Lord Jesus Christ the very foundation of all mis- the rites were performed by Chinese, the doctrine sionary activity? If that faith were removed was taught by Chinese. There was no attempt would not missionary work fall as a factory chim- made to provide them with support, or directIOn, ney falls when its base has been undermined? from any outside source. The doctrine stood And yet modern missions present a very strange simply in the faith of those who received it. Budappearance when we look at them as illustrations dhism was persecuted, was encouraged, was conof faith in Christ. demned; it flourished, it degenerated; but it never ceased to be Buddhism. It won to its allegiance All religious missions are rooted in some form millions of Chinese, and it remains today strongly of faith, not only Christian missions. Every hon- entrenched in the minds of millions as the true est man who seeks to impart a religious truth to way of salvation. The same is true of Islam: others does' so because he is convinced that he has found a truth which enlightens life for him and Whatever we may think of Islam, or of Budwill enlighten life for others. Christian missions dhism, as religious systems we cannot but respect do not differ from other religious missions in that, that confidence in the power of a religious system but in the nature of the religious truth imparted. to establish itself without any external assistance, even in the face of derision or of persecution. The truth which Christian missions propagate is Truth embodied in the Person of Jesus Christ, Do Christian missionaries so believe the docand implanted by the 'indwelling of the Holy trine which they preach that they entrust the doc- Spirit. Christian missionaries preach not an ab- trine and the rites to others? Do our missionaries stract and disputable truth, but a Person, and entrust the doctrine and the rites of the Christian union with a Person, not the mere acceptance of a faith to raw converts, in the simple faith that the doctrine. Christ is more than a theory of reli- Gospel can stand in its own strength? All our gion, and the Holy Spirit is more than mere ac- subsidiary methods, our institutions, our medical ceptance of a doctrine. missions, our educational missions, our industrial missions, our training schools, our colleges, our Such being the difference between the two types alliances with governments, our careful retention of missions, it would seem natural to expect that of the rites of Baptism and the Lord's Supper in the Christians should show a far greater and our own hands or in the hands of men specially deeper and stronger faith in the power of the trained by us, our eagerness to train leaders, our Truth which they preach than the non-Christians. efforts to maintain our control, our terror of de- generation or corruption, all cry aloud that, what- • Condensed from World Dominion, London and New York.

ever we may trust, we do not trust in the power initiative, or uncivilized, or backward; or that of the Gospel to win its own way and to triumph their moral standards are low and that we must by its own inherent force. Now the power of the see to it that they are raised before we can trust Gospel is the Holy Spirit, and the Truth of the them. All these may be true but such arguments Gospel is Christ. admit the fact that we dare not entrust the doc- trine and rites of the Gospel to others. They all If we cannot go to any people with a Gospel keep our eyes fixed on men. But what we are which is sufficient for them and can be wholly en- considering is our faith, not in men, but in Christ, trusted to them, then we must train converts for and in the power of the Holy Spirit. Do we bea distant day when it may be possible to entrust lieve that our Gospel is so powerful that it can of them with the Gospel of Christ. We are always itself raise a fallen race? These arguments sugwaiting and expecting that day, but it does not gest that we are fit to be entrusted with the Goscome. Why not? Because we fear corruption pel, and that when others are as we are they will and degeneration. When we talk of a future day be fit. It is manifestly untrue. Weare not enwhen we shall be able to trust our converts in trusted with the Gospel because we are righteous, non-Christian lands, we are looking at them. and have attained some standard of intelligence and morality, but because God has had mercy on If we go with a Gospel whose doctrine and rites us. Not for our righteousness, but according to we cannot trust to the people, obviously we must His lovingkindness, He has chosen us; and we establish our missions on a more or less permanent stand by faith in Him. We go as missionaries bebasis. Then we must be able legally to hold them, cause we believe in Christ and the Holy Spirit, and dependence upon the goodwill of governments not because we believe in men. follows with all its encumbering forms. We must direct and supervise any advance. So long as the We proclaim that our doctrine is Christ, and period of our tutelage lasts, all advance must be we proclaim our belief in the Holy Spirit; but restricted by our capacity to supply training, and why do we not dare to act upon the belief that trained teachers. Christ will keep His own, that the Holy Spirit is as powerful to teach His own? Why do every- The reason is apparent-we do not believe that thing as though we were afraid of entrusting the the doctrine which we preach and the rites' which Gospel to others, and as if, without paid preachers, we practice as Christians are so good and power- and medical, educational, and industrial missions ful that anyone who accepts them ,can hold and to support it, it could make no progress. The practice them without our supervision, in spite of truth is that Christ can only be revealed in His the knowledge that it is Christ Whom we preach true grace and power when we trust Him. That and the Holy Spirit Who inspires. kind of faith is true faith. And it is of vital im- portance that we should accept it and practice it. We give many reasons which seem to us to justify our conduct, as for instance, that the people with whom we deal are ignorant, or lacking in Faiths Men Profess* The twelve faiths now operative in the world .the remainder are limited by racial and national are Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, Hinduism, boundaries. These faiths have not been static for Primitivism, Buddhism, Taoism, Shintoism, Juda- changes have continually taken place. ism, Janism, and Parsiism or Zoroastrianism. No reliable statistics are available as to the number One cannot read of these twelve religions withof adherents of these various faiths. An estimate out being impressed with the moral insight shown made in 1933 puts the number of Christians at in the better of the non~Christian faiths. These 625 million, two and a half times the followers truths are the explanation of the survival value of the next faith which is Confucianism. Islam of these religions. In spite of the large weight of is placed third with 235 million, Hinduism fol- superstition and error, which the non-Christian lows closely with 220 million, then comes Prim- faiths carry, and in spite of the decimating influitivism with 160 and Buddhism with 140 million. ence of modern knowledge upon superstitions, In the remaining group of six, is Taoism with they are still living and likely to do so for some 40 million and the smallest is Parsiism with time to-come. Truth is hard to kill even though 100,000. mixed with error…. Putting the other religions alongside Christ serves to emphasize the superi- The oldest of these religions, Primitivism, was ority of the Christian revelations and the comin existence before the days of recorded history. parative futility of an insight into moral truth Five of the twelve faiths are international, while unless there is back of it the spiritual energy which the Saviour of the world furnishes-So E. 1. • From an Editorial in The United Presbyterian."

Headhunters in Pagan

A Letter from RUSSELL W. ABEL, Kwato A Missionary of the New Guinea Evangelization Society THE most important happening in our work And as their parents thought it unseemly for "un- lately has been the developments at Duram, initiated" boys, not yet through their initiation our furthest outpost, 150 unconnected miles ceremonies, to be clothed even in a leaf, Davida west of Kwato. Davida and his wife (Papuan had quite a storm in a teacup over it. However Christian workers) have been established there from the beginning he has made it his policy to be for a year now, with two junior helpers. They firm. "That is what Taubada and Sinebada (Mr.

have had a hard time, living unwelcome in the and Mrs. Charles W. Abel) did," he affirms.

midst of people who really have grown tired of "They never gave way on account of Papuan ob- the novelty of a mission in jections." For any Papuan to their vicinity. However they be insisting upon discipline in can show definite results after This letter, written from his school, if only to the exa year of difficulty and self- Gaburgabuna, Eastern Papua, tent of a school regulation sacrifice. Two Duram men are on October 19, 1935, is from a and uniform, is remarkable.

really converted – not merely son of the founder of the Kwato Davida has made friends adherents, but cases of true Mission. Charles W. Abel, who with members of an inland change of heart. They have died in England in 1930, started head-hunting tribe-the Dore- burned their idols, fetishes work among the warlike canni- vaidas. This is a great acand charms, and broken with bals forty-five years ago. His complishment. Furthermore their old heathen life. How mission has now grown to be they invite us to go inland to easily these words are tapped an interdenominational work· visit them. A little while ago cyoonudnugctsepdirfito-rfiltlheed mmoissst iponaarrtiebsy. it seemed impoSSI.ble to know off on the typewriter, and yet The whole work is thoroughly how to open that door; and in what victory in human hearts, what realization of God and evangelical and practical. Pap- answer to prayer we have not courageous yielding to His uans are first evangelized and had to do anything about it. call, they represent! And then are trained to go out as The door has opened, and the what fears and prayers and self-supporting w 0 r k e r s to heathen are seeking the misfaith and constant teaching on evangelize others. The remark- sionaries!

Davida's part have gone into able results, such as are de- A Dorevaida chief and his the winning of these men. scribed here, show the power of wife heard about Christ and Now they are being trained as Christ to transform and guide the news spread inland – not "Christian soldiers," and must through Christian agents, but even the most primitive people.* live a new life in Duram. by heathen gossip. Finally it Pray for them. It is not going reached the hills, where mur- to be easy to be forever different from everyone der is the only passport to recognition, and a man else. The younger of them is at Kwato now, and is without social standing until he has procured a getting much help there. human head. The chief and his wife came down Davida writes to say the children in the new to the coast to see Davida and Eauvenibo (his school at Duram are "getting quite tame now, not wife) and to witness the new Christian living of wild like before." They have had a tussle over which they had heard. That must have been a cleanliness and clothing, but the children are get- responsibility for the Christians, yet Davida was ting "quite accustomed to the idea." The only quite gleeful about it. "It was great," he wrote; clothing he tries to impose upon his schoolboys is "we were able to show them how we lived."

the green leaf band, such as is worn by all Eastern Two searching questions crop up in my mind: Papuans in the Kwato district. But even this Would you or I invite anyone home to see an minimum is strongly objected to by Central Pap- example of Christian living"? Is our living of uan lads whose sole attire has been caked dirt. victorious and startling quality that it would ~New Guinea Evangelization Society has headquarters at provide news for the heathen? The early Chris- 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. The president is Dr. Hugh R. Monro, tians gave an astonished world plenty to talk and the treasurer Is Walter McDougall.

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about. "These that have turned the world upside rack for me," she said. "I am trusting in a Cross. down are come hither also," said the Thessalonian That is enough for me. No need to torture pigs, heathen when they heard that Paul and Silas had my Saviour was tortured on a Cross." (Primitive arrived. (Acts 17: 6.) . people feel relieved of their anguish when they can inflict it on an animal. The pig somehow suf- * '" * fers for them. You may not understand this.) These are very ignorant people. The story of the At present there is a camp being held over in Cross must still have been quite new to the woman Buhutu Valley, among the so-called "bush" peo- I have quoted. ple. This has mostly been aimed at the strengthening of the Christian communities, composed of There was a heathen feast on a few miles away. primitive though very spiritually minded folk. All through that meeting, held in the light of camp These felt their need of a new vision and blessing. fires, we could hear tom-toms in the distance. Vil- At Leileiafa they met together and prayed spe- lages were all deserted on account of it, and some cially that God would send someone to encourage Christians had been drawn back into the vortex. them. Their prayer was answered and they were The church at Borowai will never be what Siaclearly guided that help was coming. They would siada and Leileiafa are until the believers there never dream of doubting this, and in simple obe- pay the same price, that of entire surrender to dience that one almost learns to take for granted God, a clean sweep of old cults, and no more among these "bush" Christians, they gathered "sunuma labui." from far and near. They were all ready and waiting when the camp vanguard appeared, without *** warning, over the hills from Suau. There is great progress being made in some This reminds me of an incident that happened parts of this country, especially at the Morobe three years ago, when Arthur Swinfield (our tech- goldfields, which now boast "the largest rerodrome nical and boatbuilding i;nstruetor) and I suddenly in the world." (I will not vouch for the veracity decided to cross that valley, and pick up a Kwato- of this.) It is the central depor.t of 40 rerodromes bound boat on the south coast. On the way we in different parts of the country. Their annual met people from Mt. Thomson, a long way inland, freightage by air is said to exceed that of the enwho came down to a certain range of hills that we tire rest of the world. Five years ago there was crossed, and were there to meet us. In blank merely a handful of prospectors in that district. amazement, I asked how they knew I was coming. Today, a district officer whom I met last week on They replied that they had had guidance that they his way back told me, there are between 3,000 would find us there, and so they had set off in and 4,000 white people there. Many of the native obedience, arriving there an hour before we did. population, recruited for labor, come in from the And their guidance was received before we our- bush, having never seen a white man before. The selves knew we were going! It takes inland most recent exploit of the famous Kukukuku tribe Papua to teach one what an utter novice in the was to murder six Roman Catholic missionaries. Christian life one is. Where there is gold to be found insurmount- The campers have had a great time at the two able difficulties melt before human ingenuity. Christian centres, Leileiafa and Siasiada, and are Whole towns spring up, conveyed by air over the now at Borowai, further west, where there has top of impenetrable ranges. Where is that deterbeen wholesale backsliding. Heathen ceremonies mination and spirit in Christian enterprise? have reclaimed one after another, or "sunuma There, alas, one sees caution, timidity, and often labui" as they call it; that is a "double faith," retrenchment. There is not much pioneering in holding on to a bit of the old as well as the new. 20th century Christianity. We cannot often boast That, however, can't be done. of being the first on the field nowadays. Weare outstripped .by commerce. The last time I was at Borowai, Christians from Leileiafa and Bombomtiti (aren't the bush names The German missionaries in New Guinea have marvelous!) had gone there to help the dwindling become air-minded and now fly to the. newly-discause. I attended a testimony meeting they ar- covered and thickly populated Mt. Hagen plateau. ranged, at which those who had an experience to They were followed by two Roman Catholic farelate testified with regard to the giving up of old thers, _who, by shooting a pig, antagonized the things, heathen feasts, etc. I shall never forget natives, and were both murdered as a result. This the earnest face of one woman who spoke, as she has created difficufties. The unevangelized areas told of her stand against a death feast for a of the world should be on all our consciences as brother and all it had cost her. "No pigs on the Christians.

Achievements in

-&(1 By REV. J. EARL MORELAND I President, Porto Alegre College, Porto Alegre, Brazil,. Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South .nA .T A RECENT meeting of Christian workers America, makes it easier to understand the con- in Brazil one of the outstanding Brazilian stant care given to educational institutions. leaders expressed an opinion which seemed Schools were generally organized in response to to epitomize the thinking of the group. Said he, a twofold need: the need of the people for in- "Evangelistic work in our churches is basic, so- struction, and the need of the Church for develop- cial service efforts are necessary and important, ing its own ministry and laity. Granbery Col- but through Christian education in our various lege, at Juiz de Fora, with its enrollment of nearly schools we are doing that which is of most abid- 700 students and its five well-organized depart- ing value to our people." ments, was first organized to meet this twofold This statement produced much serious thought. need. Like the McKenzie College in Sao Paulo, Many questions were raised and discussed, and Union College in South Brazil, and numerous their consideration helped to clarify the thinking other schools, its growth was slow in the early of the group. years, due to a lack of funds. Yet these schools "Why does Christian education make a contri- continued to grow and their academic standards bution of most permanent value to the total cause were invariably higher than those of the national of Christianity in South America?" schools. The teachers and administrators con- "In what way have our schools come to their ceived their Christian duty as including both per- present place of prominence in the educational life sonal evangelism and high scholastic standards.

of those countries?" Out of this twofold emphasis came their present "What is their distinctive contribution-to the contribution to church and country.

people and to the Christian cause?" The achievement of mission schools in training "What of the future?" leaders has been realized in three distinct fields: In order to understand the great opportunity in preparing its own ministers and workers; in presented to our Christian schools in Latin Amer- producing Christian leaders in education and in ica it is necessary to study the beginnings of the other professions; and in its direct, though not work. Most of the pioneers who laid the early decisive influence, upon thousands of students foundations of our work were educated, cultured who have come to places of responsibility in many men. Having enjoyed the best advantages which walks of life. the church could offer in its schools and colleges The national mi.nistryof Protestant churches in of that day, they were eager to extend similar South America is rapidly coming to be a well- advantages to the people to whom they were tak- trained ministry. The Methodist Church of ing the Good News. They believed in personal Brazil, in its last General Conference, voted al- evangelism and their first emphasis was always most unanimously to admit to its ministry only placed there. But evangelistic efforts were ac- those candidates who had completed the Ginasio companied by conservation. They early recog- (corresponding to our collegiate) course. The nized that no real success could be attained ex- Presbyterian Church has ever given first emphasis cept through Christian education. Strange as it to the training of its ministry, and it is therefore may seem to many in the home land, "Educational not surprising that, of all the Protestant churches evangelism" became an accomplished fact on the at work in South America today, it has the best mission fields long before that great slogan was prepared ministry. The Episcopal Church makes sounded so effectively in North America. The the same rigorous educational demands of its solid foundations of autonomous churches in more priests in Brazil which it demands at home. The than one country today:· are to be discovered in Congregational and other churches are also plac- educational evangelism, perhaps imperfectly in- ing an increasingly stronger emphasis upon the terpreted, yet none the less vigorously applied training of their religious leaders. The first ex- over a long period of years. planation, therefore, of the abiding influence of This initial interest upon the part of many of Protestant missions in South America is found in the founders of PrOtestani missions in South this emphasis upon a well prepared ministry.

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Without this emphasis, .our churches in thDse cumstances, as they come under this emphasis and neighboring Republics would never have advanced these Christian influences during their formative to their present position, but would still be in the years, cannot fail to be profoundly impressed- early primary stages of development. . far more than they can realize at the time. The The contribution of Christian schools in the results can .only be tabulated in terms of changed pr.oduction .of leaders in the intellectual, in the attitudes, positive personalities, transformed lives. scientific and political life of South America has One of the most conspicuous leaders in the New .only recently begun to receive adequate recogni- Brazil of today was asked recently why he was tion. This lack is perhaps traceable to tWD fac- willing to give so much of his time and effort tors: first, that for many years missiDn schools toward furthering the interests of the Protestant were few in number, and therefDre limited in schools. His reply was immediate and forceful: "quantity" of students and "output"; and second, "While I am not a member of a Protestant church and cannot accept many of your ideas, I simply our churches have fostered very few technical cannot shut my eyes to living values. In your scho.ols, with the result that due credit was not schools you are producing the kind of real men given to the basic educational foundations laid which Brazil needs today." in the earlier days. However that may be, it is true today that widespread rec.ognition is being Our Christian schools, though sadly handicap- given to Protestant schools and their contribution ped by lack of funds and equipment, are never- to national life, both direct and indirect, as a theless privileged to render basic service in build- stimulus to creative leadership. In Uruguay and ing for the New Day in South America-even in the Argentine, mention has been made repeatedly building the Kingdom of Our Lord and Master of certain .outstanding leaders who came up among our southern neighbors.

through the Christian schools. In Brazil, during the Constitutional Convention of 1933-34, some attenti.on was drawn to the fact that one of our WHAT PERU NEEDS Protestant sch.ools had nine of its graduates listed among the constituent legislators. At least two Evangelistic effort has been too local in some of these were counted among the smaller group parts, but in others it has been extensive to a de- of outstanding leaders of the Congress-and one gree of weakness. There has been too little in- of them became the Secretary of Agriculture in tensive work accompanying the widespread evan- the Cabinet of Dr. Getulio Vargas, the President gelism. In the zeal to occupy territory, to reach of Brazil. Still another drew extraordinary atten- regions beyond, the preparation of men capable ti.on from the entire nation as he focalized the of carrying on the work of the churches has been interest of the people up.on certain urgent moral almost neglected. Many of the congregations are and religious pr.oblems confronting them. Fur- weak in everything but fervor. They lack num- ther proof of our thesis might be cited in the fact bers, social influence, and the wealth of spiritual that three of the possibly half d.ozen greatest resource which an adequate knowledge of the grammarians and masters of Portuguese during Gospel should produce.

the past thirty years have been ordained ministers The urgent need of the missionary cause in of the Presbyterian Church-Drs. Erasmo Braga, Peru is a suitable training center for intensive Eduardo Carlos Pereira, and Othoniel Motta. The instruction in the truth, and deeper cultivation of last is still everywhere recognized as one .of the the spiritual life. This should provide opportuleading authorities in the P.ortuguese language nity, not only for Bible institute work for the today. training of pastors and other native Christian workers, but also for larger interdenominational Another contribution wDrthy of attention is that gatherings such as conventions for Bible instrucmade by Protestant schools in their constant em- tion and for the deepening of the spiritual life.- phasis upon Christian character as a necessary From "The West Coast Republics of South Amerbasis .of all educational devel.opment. This un- ica." ceasing emphasis upon Christian character is, we sincerely believe, of almost incalculable value as its impact is brought to bear upon the lives .of thousands of stUdents, year by year. Our Chris- A young missionary to Japan asked Dr. Kagawa tian teachers not only maintain that character what advice he had for him in beginning his work.

can and must be lived, but also that character can Kagawa's reply was significant: "Sit still. Amer- and must be taught. The two, .of course, are by ican missionaries are in such a hurry, running no means dissimilar, but rather are parts .of a here, there, everywhere in your cars. Take time total process. Hundreds, if not thousands, .of stu- to study and win one and teach him. Win a few; dents from widely diverse environment and cir- teach them and send them out to win others."

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I Effective Ways of Working 9 I, "rested Metlwds for Increasing Interest at Home I EDITED BY MRS. ESTELLA S. AITCHISON, GRANVILLE, OHIO ~'I========–==—-=–="""""""~ MOiDERNIZING MISSION- the medium of the written or the this country inclusive of Ambas- ARY EDUCATION spoken word." Of course the sador Saito has been pronounced pictures must not be relied upon by the Japanese as the only pic- In this day when Christian to work magic in themselves. ture made by a foreign group standards are no longer observed They must have an adequate proand missionary motivations seem gram built up around them. that was entirely satisfactory to to have lost their old-time pull; Speed the day when this educa- the Japanese people. [The reels when even the authority of tional method will become so Christ's Great Commission is be- general that local film library rent at prices varying from $1.00 ing called in question, it is im- associations will develop. In the perative that we build up a more meantime attention is called to for a 16 mm. or $2.00 for a dynamic missionary education three organizations whose pic- 35 mm. reel upward, transportasituation. On that all denomina- tures may be used to supplement tion both ways being extra. The tions are in agreement. The in- those brought out by the differcreasing use of the Sunday ent denominations. Foundation has a good catalog; school; of schools of missions; but orders need to be given well of organizations within the The Religious Motion Picture church for men and boys, as well Foundation of 140 Nassau St., in advance of the date of use.] as women and girls; of age New York City, with a branch groupings and studied presenta- office at the Y. M. C. A. Motion International Educational Pictions, instead of hit-or-miss en- Picture Bureau, 19 S. La Salle tures, Inc., is a large corporation deavors; of the use of attractive St., Chicago, is operating for located at 40 Mt. Vernon St., promotional and educational ma- service, not profit. It supplies terial inclusive of that brought reels for the various depart- Boston, Mass., but with branch out by the Missionary Education ments of church activity as well offices in many centers, the order Movement – these are high po- as for children's story hours, at headquarters being relayed to tency points among evangelical special meetings, recrea,tional church folk. The tested and gatherings, benefits, etc. As an the branch nearest the customer. most useful literature and plans auxiliary it has available refer- It lists 2,000 films, 16 and 35 are continually stressed in this ence outlines, including back- Department, but at ,this season, ground material and suggestions mm., silent and sound on almost when schools of missions are in for the films, consultation and every imaginable subject. The full swing, we wish to reempha- advisory service and analysis of Film Handbook (catalog) is a size the value of good motion individual equipment needs. The pictures in all branches of mis- Foundation endeavors to bring de luxe work of art and costs 35 sionary education. out each year authoritative films cents. Exhibitors using the interpretative of the current Attention, Pastors! mission study books. For in- service are required to subscribe stance they have now series of once a year, the payment of the The Church has been slow to pictures on Latin America-one recognize these educational fa- on the geographical background, 35 cents entitling them to two cilities which bid fair to replace another on historical and eco- copies of this directory, the even the daily newspapers. Mo- nomic conditions and a third on tion pictures should not be used Mexico; a two-reel picture on right to borrow 400 free films just as a bait to lure an audience life in the Southern Appalachian and the use of the clearing house because they are "not merely a region ("Unto the Hills"); a show but are a vital medium of study on the activities of the service for the rental of films. expression in getting ideas over T. V. A., etc. The picture on In most cases exhibitors are rein a vivid way that, in many in- "Japan and Her Problems," il- quired to pay transportation stances, results in a much more lustrative of last year's foreign clear mutual understanding of a theme and prepared in coopera- costs both ways, the location of subject than is possible through tion with leading Japanese in the several shipping points min- imizing the expenses. The con- [95 ] dition of free films is not guar- anteed as is that of rental reels. Those not having projectors may obtain free advice as to the vari- ous makes, although the 1. E. P.

does not deal in them.

The Pan American Union, of Washington, D. C., has in addi- tion to a large variety of free or loan printed matter, posters and music concerning the countries it represents, a supply of mov- ing picture films and stereop-

ticon slides to be loaned rent free 6. In the worldwide confusion pre- Later the subject may be thrown on condition that the borrower vailing today Jesus stands before men open to the audience for a few pay express charges from and to greater than western civilization and minutes: but enlightenment is Washington and agree to have greater than the Christianity com- the objec.t and no vote to record the films exhibited only by ex- monly known and practiced. (A, 63; a decision is expected. In a dis- perienced operators. Write for D,3; U,7.) cussion outlined in the young their catalog. Most communities people's literature of the Dis- have access to loan or rental 7. A lack of interest in extending ciples of Christ, the following projectors of 16 or 35 mm. size. the Christian religion reflects a de- questions were assigned to all cline in the spiritual experience of the participants for pre v i 0 u s Discussion versus Didactics Church. (A,59; D,3; U,6.) thought and preparation: A survey of current study 8. Missionary work is less needed Why should young people be con- books and programs reveals the today than formerly. (A, 4; D, 63; cerned about building a new world? extent to which discussions, U,4.) questionnaires, platform "con- What is wrong with the present so- versations," true and false tests 9. Missionaries should preach the cial order? and the like have replaced the Gospel and leave to others the reform hand-out information in the plat- of political, social and economic con- What is the United Youth program? form monologues of papers and ditions. (A, 15; D,48; U, 11.) Who is back of it? What is it trying talks. It is the expression of a to do? new trend and attitude of mind 10. Missions should supply teachers and as a step forward in auto- of scientific agricultural methods and How can our group share in the brain-stimulation is good for the so help remove the abject poverty and program? What would it mean for individual. The interchange of misery of rural life. (A, 64; D, 2; our group? thought results in the cross- U,5.) fertilization of group thinking. What issues should we face if we Among the used – and –proved- 11. The Church at home should al- take part? good plans recently sent to this low the younger churches to express Department are the following: the Gospel through their own genius Needless to say the study and through forms suitable to their book, "Youth Building aNew An Inquiry into Missionary own racial heritage. (A. 59; D, 4; World," furnishes the basis, and Attitudes U,8.) all should be familiar with it. Then the leader explains to the The device was used at a union 12. The miSsionary enterprise is one company that while those at the missionary meeting at Mont- department of our church life and table lead off, everyone will be clair, N. J., in October. A sheet should be supported only by those given opportunity to express an of the test topics was submitted whose special interest it is. (A, 4; opinion later. For example: to each person present to be D,63; U,6.) Agnes speaks up from the panel marked and returned without saying it seems to her rather a signature. The instructions 13. The chief objectives of the mis- large order-letting young peo- read: sionary enterprise should be to con- ple take a hand in their own vert as many people as possible, rather problems, to which the leader re- After reading each statement than to develop and train leaders for plies that we simply have to through full y, register your the younger churches. (A, 10; D,52; build a new world because the opinion as follows: If you agree U,9.) one we now live in is in pretty check A; if you disagree, check much of a mess. Jack says that D; if you are uncertain, check 14. Lack of unity in the adminis- while thing:;J are not perfect, U. On the left hand margin ap- tration at home and in the field tends they are so much better than peared the capital letters A, D, to make the missionary enterprise in- they used to be that he thinks . and U for checking. effective. (A, 64; D,3; U,4.) we would better let well enough alone: and then the discussion 1. The religion of Jesus has unique 15. The missionary enterprise should is in full swing. A climax of values not possessed by any other re- be a partnership between older and proposed action may well be ligion. (All checked A.) younger churches on the basis of reached. equality in interest and control, even 2. Secularism, nationalism and com- though large financial help is supplied Fireside Forums munism, rather than the old religions, by the stronger. (A, 55; D, 20; are the chief opponents of Christianity U,5.) These are an outstanding fea- today. (52 checked A; 20, D.) ture of the Baptist promotional This inquiry provides an ex- program for the year, the object 3. For each race its own religion is cellent basis for discussion in being to provide each church best. (15, A; 48, D; 20, U.) any church or community group with an occasion for bringing its if the leader is capable of clar- entire constituency together in 4. Since American Christians have ifying conflicts and correcting homes for f e I low s hip and more than enough to keep them busy erroneous thinking. thoughtful discussion of local in placing their own house in order, and world problems,and for the they have no call to concern them- Panel Discussions consideration of the privileges selves with the social and religious and responsibilities of Christians needs of other people. (1, A; 68, D; These are becoming increas- in their church relationships. 4, U.) ingly popular, even for a pas- The new plan has the following tor's evening service to act as a 5. Christianity loses its influence lodestone to draw a congrega- and power by recognizing values in tion. A group of people, selected other religions. (A,10; D,57; U,6.) for their ability and clear vocal- ization and carefully prepared by previous study, assemble at the front and discuss a subject informally under the direction of a leader capable of giving its initial statement and an impetus by means of opening queries.

EFFECTIVE WAYS OF WORKING

technique to be developed by a where he was born, his occupation and Men and Women of Far special forum committee: what he would like to do if he changed his occupation. Horizons The division of the church into districts, following such natural bound- 2. Forty minutes for a Question- "There has come to me a volume of aries as will include in each district nairplane Flight. The leader gives to missionary articles which so thrilled ten homes (more or less) within easy each person a copy of a list of ques- me that f sincerely wish every misaccess of each other, and the selection tions about the cooperative program sionary worker and every worker with in each district of a home in which to of the denomination and one answer young people might place it in their hold a Fireside Forum. Designate to a question, the latter not to pass library for reference and help," this as the Forum Home. out of the hands of the holders. At a writes Mrs. Abram De Young, of given signal, the group enters on a Kalamazoo, Michigan. For each such division, (1) appoint thirty-minute quest for replies to all a hostess whose duty it will be to pre- the questions, each person working in- "The book is a series of articles pare for the meeting, introduce guests dependently and interviewing every compiled by Jesse R. Wilson, General upon their arrival, create a friendly other person in order to secure the Secretary of the Student Volunteer atmosphere among them, give careful right answers. At the end of this half Movement but written by missionaries attention to the ventilation and ar- hour the leader will call time and read and outstanding Christians the world range for someone to take the children the correct answers so that each one over, out of their own vast and varyinto a separate room and entertain may check his own replies or exchange ing experiences, revealing their enthem during the meeting; (2) select a with some one else for correction. thusiasm for and deep conviction conconvener who will be held responsible The person answering correctly the cerning their task, and also the great for securing the attendance of every largest number of queries wins the burden of longing in their hearts for family in his district, arranging for most points. Questions need not be the world as they have seen it. . . . the personal invitation of someone by answered in order. As I read I found myself impressed whom a less familiar family may be through every chapter with the wonbrought to the meeting, furnishing the 3. Ten minutes are next allotted to drous glory of the missionary enterhostess with a list of the telephone a "Look through the Churchscope." prise. numbers of her prospective guests so The leader makes a careful presentathat she may personally supplement tion of the local church program for "The book also makes us realize the other invitations, and send to the the year after distributing the copies how through missions there has come forum committee a list of all who at- of that program for reference. to us a greater appreciation of other tended the meeting; (3) secure a races, for it gives us pictures of their leader who will be responsible for con- 4. Ten minutes are then consumed people and of the consecrated souls ducting the meeting, helping the in the feature called "We Talk It among them who have been won for guests to get better acquainted and Over"-which is the open forum por- Christ and are now powers for Him carrying out the detailed plan as out- tion. Sample topics are such as these: among their own race . . . Most of lined by the church. In what ways could our church's all the book helps us to see the power methods of financing its work be im- of Christ over sin and darkness . . . Next, hostesses, conveners and lead- proved? To what extent should our ers are brought together in separate church cooperate with other churches "The articles may be used in formgroups and thoroughly coached. The in making our community more Chris- ing all types of pro~rams and for andate decided upon for the forum meet- tian? What are the channels through swering questions about missions and ing is publicized through church bul- which our church may seek to enlist even answering criticisms that are on letins, posters and newspaper pub- the active cooperation of every mem- the lips of some . . . The stories licity. Enlistment cards for signa- are wonderfully helpful for illustrature at the gatherings are secured and ber? tions in Sunday school as well' as misdistributed, together with copies of sionary meetings. Many of them can the pastor's program for the year, to 5. "We Enlist" is the climax of the be used effectively as impersonations the leaders: then the scene is set for program. The chairman leads the and others will lend themselves easily the forums. group in reading the church covenant to dramatizations." from copies distributed and the enlist- Each group is supposed to number ment card is considered quietly and Pastors might well incorpofrom 15 to 25 and the proposed pro- prayerfully. Each one is asked to sign rate much of this true-to-life magram of the meeting to consume about his card indicating the channels terial in a series of sermons inan hour and 40 minutes. Its divisions through which he is willing to serve terspersed and illustrated by the are: the church, and a prayer of dedication dramatizations and impersona- is offered while cards are still in the tions suggested by the reviewer. 1. Ten minutes for getting better hands of their signers. The cards are acquainted. Groups seated informally then collected and turned over to the Friendship Press, 150 Fifth Ave., in a circle, each person in turn rising pastor, after which the intensive task New York City. (Price 50 cents in and stating his name, where he lives, remains of holding the membership paper, $1.00 in cloth.) up to their high resolves.

THE CONVERSATION In the packet of leaflets, referred to in the foregoing, another form of discourse is featured entitled "The Hayrake Conversation." In the setting of a farmyard, where the farmer is attempting to repair his hayrake, a neighbor drops in and the two discuss the proposal to unite all the struggling churches of the community for better service. The dialogue furnishes a well-balanced presentation of the pros and cons.. the essential details of organic church union, church federation, the "Larger Parish Plan," pastoral unity, etc., are interwoven. At the coming community dinner soon to be held the matter will be brought to vote. Jake says: Everybody'll be there but old Deacon Peachcrab. Poor old fellow! he's just been an officer so long he can't bear to have other folks take over the reins. It's kind of funny. Four years ago the old man said there'd never be one church in this place. He would have got some officers from the other churches and started trouble against the idea, but it seems like it was all over before he knew it was happening. Just like this hayrake here-we got it all fixed bElfore we knew it. . . . Goodbye, Jim; see you Tuesday.

The packet containing the above and a variety of other material for young people may be obtained from the United Christian Missionary Society, 222 Downey Ave., Indianapolis, Ind.

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BULLETIN OF The Council of Women for Home Missions ANNE SEESHOLTZ, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, 105 EAST TWENTY-SECOND STREET, NEW YORK "WHEN WILT THOU SAVE THE PEOPLE?"

"Now when Jesus was born, . . . Wise-men from the east came to Jerusalem, say i n g, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? For we saw his star in the east, and are come to worship him. "Then Herod the king pri- vately called the Wise-men and learned exactly. . .. And being warned of God in a dream, Joseph, Mary and the child departed into their own country another way. . . . An angel of the Lord appeared to Joseph in a dream saying, A rise and take the young child and his mother, and /lee Courtesy Art Ea;tension Press, Westp<>rt, Conn. into Egypt and be thou there until I tell thee: for Herod will "CHRI ST WITH CHILD R EN, " seek the young child to destroy drawn by an Austria n gi rl 15 years of a ge. From " Children 's Service of Worship," him. for u s e on the World Day of Prayer for MiSSions, Februa ry 28 , 1936.

"And he arose and took the what longing, yea what zeal, yea part of the children ·.of God.

young child and his mother by what avenging! In everything Throughout centuries men and night" and departed into exfle. ye approved yourselv es to be women have been conscious of And some nineteen hundred pure in the matter. the reasons for the hurried years later from "the land of the "So although I wrote unto you flight, and with grave concern free and the home of the brave" I wrote not for his cause' that have read of the slaughter of the another father is warned to de- did· the wrong, nor for his cause innocents by the civic authoripart at once with the mother and that suffered the wrong, but that ties. Let us not forget! your earnest care for us might child and celebrate the birth of be made manifest unto you in Will you personally do some- the sight of God." thing today and every day folthe Christ-child in exile. Be- lowing, to make life safe for the And the same pastor Paul, the little ones in America? Thus cause there is love in the family Apostle, wrote the church mem- shall we be true citizens of bers in Philippi (and they were Heaven and America, and show there will be peace in their very nice folk), "Finally breth- that we personally have some re- ren . . . if there be any virtue sponsibility for the sad event of hearts. But what about the . . . think on these things." the exile of the Lindbergh famhomeland folk? ily. Shall we now show godly The editor has received an- repentance? In a letter written to a com- nually within the last decade at Christmastide, five or six greet- Shall crime bring crime forever pany of Christians in Corinth, ing cards depicting the exile of Strength aiding still the strong?

Paul their pastor, wrote (2 Cor. the Holy Family. And in recent Is it thy will, 0 Father, years these cards appear as That man shall toil for wrong? 7: 10-12) : glorified pleasure jaunts instead "For godly sorrow worketh re- of the secret, hurried, and fear- "No," say thy mountains; "No," thy some journey made necessary by skies; pentance unto salvation which bringeth no regret: but the sor- the sin in human hearts, and the Man's clouded sun shall brightly rise, row of the world worketh death. greater sin of indifference on the And songs be heard instead of sighs; God save the people! "For behold, this self-same thing, that ye were made sorry -Ebenezer Elliott, 1781-1849. after a godly sort, what earnest care it wrought in you, yea what clearing of yourselves, what indignation, yea what fear, yea [98 ]

BULLETIN OF THE COUNCIL OF WOMEN FOR HOME MISSIONS

ON FEBRUARY 28, 1936 scious of our responsibilities as Wellington, New Zealand, Christian citizens to mitigate so lying geographically just east of far as we can the hardships of sunrise on the International their toil.* Date Line will be among the very Amen. first Christians to meet for prayer and commitment to "On ACCEPTING RESPONSIearth peace, goodwill toward BILITY men." And on February 28, The following. prayer was 1936, the first Friday in Lent, Mrs. Daniel A. Poling, President made by an Indian girl at the in- of the Council of Women for stallation of the new officers. Home Missions, will be among May we put this same spirit into the worshipers in Wellington. From Shanghai, Mrs. Poling our prayers for our work, and sent the message which she had add a prayer for the Indian already prepared. She thought young people in the schools and that some of us at home would join with them in prayer, in on the reservations: "Let us the very words which she will pray: Our loving Father, we use. To do this, you should know thank Thee that Thou didst give that sunrise, February 28, in New Zealand, is approximately us Jesus Christ, who desires that Thursday noon, February 27, in New York City. Excerpt: every girl should have life abun- This year near Wellington, New Hirschel Rabinow dant. We thank Thee that in Zealand, in a mountain community at sunrise we are opening the World Day Oourtesy, New York Sunday Times this school Thou hast entrusted of Prayer of 1936. After a long trip through thirty countries, Dr. Poling to us girls some of thy work. and I realize as never before the great need of men to find oneness through "FOR THEIR SAKES" We thank Thee that the Spirit of Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace. Everywhere on this trip young people The little neglected boy, be- Jesus Christ can be with us and were eager to accept responsibility of friended by the dog, is a drawing with our Association, to help using some time each Monday as pre- by a 14-year-old boy, Hirschel bring life and light and joy and paratory for this day when all join Rabinow, as his contribution to the chance for service to every in prayer for peace on earth. the Hundred Neediest Cases girl, not only here but every Fund of the New York Times, In 1920, both in Canada and the and reprinted here by courtesy place in the world. And now, as United States, church women of many of same. It recalls to us our re- these new officers .and cabinet denominations united in a Day of sponsibility for all children. He members accept their responsi- Prayer for Missions. In 1935, in more may well be one of the two hun- bility, may they begin their new than fifty countries, Christians prayed dred thousand Migrant children duties by always looking to Thee and pledged themselves to the bearing whom the Council of Women for for help and guidance. Wilt of one another's burdens. . . . Home Missions is serving, or one Thou hear their solemn pledge, whom we should be serving with wilt Thou grant them a sense of Prayer: Our God, Father of us all, your help. Thy presence in their work towe come to Thee today with grateful gether. Bless us all, as memhearts for thy Son Jesus who came to Let us pray: bers of the Y. W. C. A., and help show and be the Way, Truth, and Life. us each. to do our part in making Forgive us, we pray, and give us an "Father of all mankind, we the Spirit of Jesus felt in this hunger and thirst for peace. Teach pause in the haste of our daily school. Amen." us to seek and labor for peace-peace lives to come with quietness into within ourselves and with Thee, in our homes, and for our land in relation to Thy presence. May Thy strength the peoples of the world. We thank and Thy spirit fill us and may WHAT DO'YOU PRAY FOR? Thee Our Father for the growing and deepening consciousness of the need the love which Thou hast for all "Prayers for Self and Sofor peace, and for the personal knowl- mankind flood our hearts. We ciety," Association Press, 15 edge of Him who brings peace on would at this time bring before cents a copy, was prepared by earth. Bless the mothers and children. Thee those men and women and Rev. James Myers, Industrial We do not ask 0 Lord a life all free young people who earn their Secretary, Federal Council of from pain. We do not seek to be in meager living by gathering from the Churches of Christ in Amerthis great world of need without our ica. It is being used both for load of care. For this we know, the the fields the food that shall feed present cross is our eternal gain and that they who struggle and endure us; who bear the heat of the shall at long last reach the Heavenly noonday sun, the long hours of private devotions and in public Kingdom. So Lord keep us fit within and give us strength and light and we labor, and the rush of the can- worship. will follow through the din from darkness up to light. This we ask in the nery service while we benefit name of Jesus, the Prince of Peace. Amen. from their toil. We are con- • By M. Katherine Bennett. scious, 0 Father, of their long- ing for permanent homes, of EDITOR'S NOTE.-All material for the ob- their unfulfilled hopes for their servance of the World Day of Prayer for children. Make us equally con- Missions, February 28, 1936, can be obtained at the above address.

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OUf W orld~wide Outlook i.,'1 A Missionary Newspaper of Current Events ] ~,-==========-======~E~D~I~TE~D==BY==M~R~S~.~H~EN==R~I~==~A~H~.~.~F~ER~G~U~S~O~N~,~X~E~N~IA~,~O~H~I~O==================_~~~ CHINA toward making a cure. . . . Selfish- The Music Committee in charge Free Education promoted a competition for Chi- The determined movement for ness is at the base of it all. . . . In nese-style hymn tunes to be used China we have placed so much em- for the purely Chinese hymns phasis on the family, perhaps it is not which are to be included in the necessary now to emphasize it so book. Some two thousand hymns were received but only fifty of free popular education in China much. But our conception of the fam- them were accepted. For about places Christian primary schools ily in the New Life MQvement is dif- half of these the committee had tentatively chosen tunes and the in a new situation, as they can- ferent from the past because we competition was held for the not compete with a s·tate system recognize the family as the basis of purpose of getting tunes for the the structure for civilization. . . . remaining twenty-five. Altoof free education. For the cur- gether eight hundred tunes from rent fiscal year the Chinese Gov- You can't change anything unless you all over China were received by change a man's character. It means the committee. ernment plans to spend for edu- teaching people to love others as you cation $37,211,621 (Chinese cur- love yourself. That is the heart Qf it -International Christian rency), of which 48 per cent is Press. all. . . . You have come to China be- cause you love the Chinese. Some- Famine Relief Program to go for free, mass education. times you have your discouraging Churches in many parts of moments; I admit I am discouraged China are cooperating with the Szechwan plans to spend $650,- at times. At such times I think upon China International Famine Re- 000 for this purpose. In Shang- . the life Qf Christ, how, against over- lief Commission in raising funds. About twenty schools and colhai, Chinese authorities have whelming odds, he still kept on. He leges in Shanghai have started didn't give up. And I think of the campaigns among their faculty started 900 three-months' free members and students to raise schools for illiterates, with free many missionaries coming to China- money for flood relief. Many tuition, books and stationery. It year after year-no appreciation, no business institutions, lodges and is hoped that in a year 500,000 thanks, not even the consent of the clubs are actively helping. On people among whQm they work-yet behalf of the Chinese Red Cross, Dr. C. T. Wang has turned over will acquire the rudiments of they keep dOg'goedly on. I believe that to Famine Relief $40,000 (Chieducation. In Hunan province it is this spirit of persistence and self- nese) , 12,000 suits of clothes and the plan to extend free education sacrifice which will eventually regen- 10,000 bags of flour. to school-age children is expected erate China. The relief program consists of to reach eighty per cent of them -West China Missionary three steps. (1) Emergency re- News. lief must be supplied to the flood in a year. victims in food, shelter and med- The Glory of the Bible ical supplies. (2) Labor relief This is a beginning of a free must be started on projects of reconstruction. (3) As condistate system of e d u cat ion, Dr. T. Z. Koo, well known and tions gradually return to normal, planned to spread over three a farm rehabilitation program highly esteemed Chinese Chris- must be introduced to help reperiods: from August, 1935, to tian, gives this estimate of the store the rural economy of the July, 1940, all school-age chil- Bible: "The glory of the Bible flooded districts. Temporary dren are to receive one year's schools will be started. It is free education; from August, to me is that it contains a record hoped that preventive measures 1940, to July, 1944, they are to of a life which has enabled me to can be undertaken to wipe out receive two years of such free see such teaching as 'Love your the causes of flood and famine. education; after August, 1944, enemies' put into practice. I all school-age children are to re- know many people hold many ceive four years of education free. -The Chinese Recorder. theories about the Bible, but all these pale into insignificance when one realizes the preemi- nent wonder that here is the rev- Madame Chiang on Missions elation of God Himself. Biblical Madame Chiang Kai-shek, ad- scholars are interested as to how dressing the missionary commu- this record has come to be, but nity at Chengtu during a visit to the man struggling with life, with her husband, said: the record itself is enough!' What we have found wrong with -China's Millions.

China is not with the Chinese people. New Chinese Hymns It has been with our leaders. Now, that is an unpalatable fact to admit A new Union Hymnal is being because we happen to be of the leaders prepared for the use of six of the of the country. To know what is wrong with a patient is the first step larger denominations in China.

[100 ]

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

A Baptist Objective traordinary cases, and here are a interference has been placed in Southern Baptists plan to send few of them: the way of Christian propaganda out in 1936 at least seventy new A man came with a hole in his in Manchukuo, either by local or missionary recruits and replace- cheek through which his breath ments to China to be known as whistled. Awkward, he said, central authorities. On the con- "Shuck Memorial Missionaries." when he wanted to smoke. trary, both Japanese and Man- Another came with a nonpain- chukuo officials h a v e bee n The first Baptist missionary ful fibrous tumor filling his friendly. Between the Christian appointed to China was John mouth so that he could not close communities of the two races Lewis Shuck, a Virginian, who it. He had had his front teeth one of the chief difficulties is that went out in 1835. The story is removed to give it more room. of l'anguage. Nevertheless, a told that in a missionary meet-. Still another came in holding united prayer meeting attended ing of that early day a strong his head constantly with some- by pastors and other leaders, plea was made for contributions. times one hand, and sometimes both Chinese and Japanese, has The plates were passed and the both. I asked him to release it been held at intervals in Mukden.

contents counted: bank notes, and like a flash he was looking Dr. O'Neill says that in his silver, gold. "Here is a card. out over his left shoulder with own field there is a manifest rise Who put i.t in?" said one of the no power to bring his head in the spiritual tone of the collectors to the other. "A young straight again. Church, and a deepened attach- man back in the congregation." ment to the Bible. As to reli- The card was examined and gious liberty, he says: "Within there was found written on it the word "myself," and signed. This The Ohallenge of Manchuria the buildings, we are free to give was Shuck's offering – himself. His fields of labor were Macao An English missionary at religious instruction to all the and Hongkong. Chinese Bap- Chihfeng, Manchuria, says that tists are planning a centenary there are more heathen there to- pupils, Christian or non-Chriscelebration of the opening of this day than ever before. "Due to work in 1936, in cooperation the hard crust of prej udice, tian. Prior to the Japanese ocwith missionaries fro m the which is not easily broken United States. through, apathy still abounds. cupation, the problem of religion Temples are still filled with idols; -Watchman-Examiner. and theaters, instituted for in the schools was becoming in- thanking the god of rain for good harvest prospects, still draw creasingly difficult under the Chinese Government. Now the whole position has changed for the better. The Japanese lan- guage is required everywhere, up to the higher middle stand- great crowds of people. Un- ard. -China's Millions.

Borden Hospital, Lanchow named horrors continue to be JAPAN -OHOSEN Recently a point has been practiced in the name of reli- Temperance Advance made of asking patients for decisions in the services that are gion, and in accordance with Dr. E. C. Hennigar says: "The constantly being held in Borden number of bone-dry villages in Hospital, and there have been their superstitious beliefs, which Japan has reached twenty. Tomi some interesting ones, according Oka village in Miyagi prefecture to a report of the work in China's have held the poor people in an put the scheme to test for one Millions. One was of a Moslem year. So good were the results and another of a man whose eyes iron vise for centuries. Native that on September the first the have been operated on four times villagers voted to go dry for five without success, but his beaming believers are beginning to realize years. Nagoya village in Saga face proclaims that the eyes of completed its first period of three his heart are open. More prayer their responsibility to the un- years and has voted to extend has been concentrated on the the dry regime for another three hospital's religious activities. happy people around them, but years. This is a fishing village The response of the patients has and in spite of great poverty cheered the staff. A system of many are not free to come reg- used to spend yen 20,000 per follow-up cards has been intro- year on alcohol. Miho village in duced to keep in touch with pa- ularly to the meetings. No Sun- Na~ano completed three years tients at home. The hospital of a dry experiment on August cares for about 40 lepers. day dawns in this dark land, as 1st, and has extended the period for another five years. The vil- far as the interior is concerned, lagers have struck upon a novel way of improving the economic and the industrial classes are status of their village. Each family is to contribute at least hard at work seven days in the one sen per day, this money to be deposited in a bank at compound week from sunrise to sunset. interest for 100 years. At the "Some of the Christians are always ready to testify for their Lord in the open air whenever they are free. Inquirers are numerous, and many have been saved." -The Christian.

Another phase of medical Religious Freedom in Manchukuo work is the establishment of a branch Board of Hygiene and Public Health in Lanchow, with Dr. F. W. S. O'Neill, of the an efficient staff of seven doctors, Irish Presbyterian Church, has trained in various branches of been thirty-eight years in Man- churia. In The International Remedicine.

An ordinary day brings ex- view of Missions, he says that no

expiration of that time it is to be word to many villages and to creases were: Anglican, 11.2 per used to meet village expenses. A thousands of hearts and homes. cent; Presbyterian, 17; Meth- few old men opposed the exten- Letters have come and are still odist, 11.5; B apt i s t, 21.2; sion of the dry experiment, but coming; One from "Bright Light Church of Christ, 9; Roman the young people were enthusias- Town" reports: "What a dark Catholic, 1.3, while the Congre- tic for it, declaring that if the town we were before Jesus came gational Church lost 8.8.

dry regime were extended they with your college boys. We -The Christian Advocate.

would make every possible sacri- Christians c aug h t the fire.

fice for the village good." Hardened sinners heard the A Maori Choir -Presbyterian News. Word and are rejoicing in his A Methodist choir made up of twenty young Maori chiefs and No More Cuts salvation. Our town bids fair to be like its name. We are expect- chieftainesses from the New At the November monthly ing many from the surrounding Zealand aborigines has been atprayer meeting of C. M. S. mis- tracting attention in Australia sionaries in Tokyo, Rev. George villages that are in dense dark,· Herbert Moule, treasurer for on a concert tour. Two are dea- Japan, announced that all cuts ness to come to Christ. Please conesses and four are ministers. on work and salaries for all send the boys again next sum- In full Maori costume, they ap- C. M. S. missionaries in Japan pear, render a program of Maori and China would be restored mer." folk songs, thrilling hakas and from January 1, 1936. This came from up north: pageantry. The proceeds of the -The Living Church. "Our church was about to breathe its last when your col- tour go to Maori missions. lege boys came. The little spark -Christian Advocate.

was fanned and now 122 real Christians are regularly attend- Honor to Bishop McKim ing church services, Sunday Borneo Evangelical Mission school and Wednesday evening A few days before Bishop Mc- prayer meetings. You should The Field Secretary of this Kim left Tokyo he was given an hear them sing hymns at work mission writes in The Christian: ovation, perhaps the greatest in the harvest fields. We are all ever accorded any foreigner by bubbling over with the joy of the Our work is growing, both in numthe Japanese. On the campus of Lord and praise God that in the ber of workers and area occupied, but St. Paul's University, of which hot summer months your boys it is still quite pioneering in charhe was founder and chancellor, came with the Holy Spirit's acter; there are no roads, and all in the presence of Prince Iyesato power to our town. Please send traveling is by such primitive means Tokugawa, representatives of some of them to us in the Christ- as native dugouts, or by walking the institutions of the Nippon mas vacation to rejoice with us." through the jungle. After almost a Sei Kokwai, bishops of the I wish you could read all the let- hundred years of government control Church, deans and officers of the ters that came in the Korean the Ibans are still restless under re- University corporation, and the language. straint, and only the most rigid conentire assembled student and trol prevents the practice of headfaculty body, the retiring bishop GEORGE S. MCCUNE, hunting. We find that the only way bade farewell and godspeed to Presbyterian Missionary. to evangelize them is to live simple the Church and the corporate lives right among them. bodies he has presided over for AUSTRALIA AND THE the past 56 years. ISLANDS Another of our stations is among the Bisaiyahs, and here different When the Bishop sailed from Religion in Australia methods are used. We have a school Yokohama, there was a two-hour at the mission station which is showdemonstration at the pie r. Census figures from Australia ing' good results, and some translation Bishops, priests, workers, mis- afford an interesting comparison work is being done in their language, sionaries, men, women, children, between growth of population hitherto unwritten. A beginning has business men, government lead- and church membership. Be- also been made among the Kalabits, ers, came to see him off. Some tween 1921 and 1933 the popula- another wilder tribe much further inhad come as far as 800 miles, tion of Victoria increased by land. Until a few years ag'o this tribe and everyone of the ten dioceses 18.8 per cent. The denomina- was quite self-contained; they smelted of the Japanese Church was rep- tional percentage gains for the their own iron for making' swords and resented. same period were: Anglicans, 4 ; spears, and recovered salt from nat- Presbyterians, 7.6; Methodist, ural suring'S, while they hunted game -The Living Church. 5; Church of Christ, 18; the with blowpipes and poisoned arrows.

Roman Catholic Church showed -The Christian. a small decrease and the Baptist and Congregational Churches A Tongan Choir Contest losses respectively of 2.7 and 21 per. cent. New South Wales When the Governor-General of New Zealand visited Tonga a showed population inc rea s e "A Dark Town Before (1921 -1933), 23.8 per cent. few years ago, he was so de- Jesus Came" lighted with Tongan singing that There the denominational in- During vacation last summer he gave a silver cup for a co.ncollege preaching bands had many victories far south and up test. Thirty-seven choirs to.o.k north. Fifty-two summer Bible part, presenting two. hymns and schools brought Jesus and His two. anthems. The cho.irs were divided into. gro.ups to. sing o.n five nights, and nearly 5,000 peo.-

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

pIe heard the choirs praising meetings; by a' greater earnest- we found an abnormal perce9,t., God in song. ness about Christian faith and age attributable to overindul:. life; by improved leadership for gence in alcoholic beverages by A choir competition was held, student groups, both in quality auto operators both young. and and 1935 completed fifty years of personnel and in time and in- old. I regard the greatest enemy since the Tongan Church bfoke terest given by the leaders to the to the safety of highway traffic away from the parent Church in work. to be the auto driver who oper- Australia. At the recent jubilee ates while in the glow of cock..; celebration of the Methodist Methodist Union Plan tails and other strong drinks."!;'", Church a massed .choir of 1,500 voices san g the Hallelujah Details of a plan to bring -United Presbyterian. Chorus. 8,000,000 American Methodists together into a united church Books for the Blind -The Missionary Review after more than 100 years of of Australasia. separation have been made pub- Next year the American Tract· lic by Dr. H. E. Woolever. A Society will begin a new century Union Work in the Philippines judicial council is to be formed, of service for the blind. The with power to rule on the consti- Society has appropriated $1,000 The United Evangelical Church tutionality of church conference for printing the Pilgrim's Progof the Philippines which was actions. It also provides for the ress in raised letters in 1936. formed in 1929 by the union of administration of the merged They have already recorded this the Congregational, U nit e d church through a general con- as a "talking book" for the blind. Brethren and Presbyterian de- ference, meeting every four Twenty-five sets of records costnominations, has 39,266 church years, and jurisdictional confer- ing $12.00 per set were sent as members, was 126 ordained pas- ences which divide the member- Christmas presents to various tors and 165 other workers. The ship in the United States into institutions for the blind. A ruling body is a Church Council six areas and the work outside special fund was raised by the made up of elders and presidents the United States into a series of Society for this worthy enterof the church organizations. The central conferences. prise, so that the blind can purwork has a national scope. Be- chase sets of these records at a sides the usual pastoral tasks, The "articles of religion" shall fraction of their original cost. home missionary work is carried be those historically held in on among the wild tribes in common by the ,three uniting The Belmont Plan northern Luzon, in southern churches. While the word "Epis- Mindanao and among the Moros. copal" will be dropped from the The Belmont Presbyterian title, the new church will be Church of Roanoke, Va., faced -Presbyterian Tribune. episcopal in government. this situation in 1933: A new church had been built in 1929 NORTH AMERICA Before the plan can go into when money was easy, costing effect it must be approved by the $30,000 and incurring a debt of Students and the Bible general conferences of the three $15,000. The membership was denominations. Two of these 352. The silk mill where many Chaplain Knox, of Columbia meet next May and the southern worked had been shut down for University, stated at St. Paul's church two years later. Then the six months. Debt accumulated Chapel: local c h u r c h e s must ratify on interest and running expenses through annual conferences. to $2,600 and there was no one It is very remarkable to see the in- from whom they could borrow. creased interest among students in the Drink and Insurance Defeatism was rife. The pastor Bible. One finds that there are those was tempted to leave. Then the who are eager to study it, who ask Frank G. Morris, President of thought came, why not try God's intelligent questions, who want to read the Standard Surety and Cas- way? One Sabbath morning the scholarly books which will help them ualty Company, has expressed pastor requested each of the in understanding its contents. Par- himself as follows: "One of the members of his congregation to ents who recognize their responsibility most momentous problems be- write on a slip of paper the seek to learn how knowledge of the fore casualty insurance execu- amount of their weekly income, Bible can ,be imparted in the right tives at this time emanates from but to leave the slip unsigned. way, and they stress the right way. the disastrous loss experienced He found the average weekly in- Educators more and more realize that under auto liability policies dur- come to be $18, a total income of an acquaintance with this "greatest ing the calendar year 1934, $2,160 for the congregation. If English classic" is essential, and are which amounts to little less than that amount were tithed the instituting courses wherein thorough a cataclysm. Our company, like church would get $216 a week, knowledge can be gained. These signs our contemporaries, was flooded and if put into operation in the point clearly to the way in which the with an avalanche of accident congregation for a period of Bible can be made once again "the reports involving many deaths three months all deficits could be people's book." and serious personal inj uries, in wiped out and all running ex- numbers far exceeding prior penses paid. Rev. John Maxwell Adams, years. In analyzing the causes general director of university religious work under the Presbyterian Board, believes that an awakening religious concern among stu den t s is shown through larger attendance of students and faculty at religious

Twenty-five of the 27 church The second anniversary of re- Hospital Work in Guatemala officers signed a covenant to tithe peal found the drive gaining their income and bring it into headway as far as Barrow, Dr. C. A. Ainslee writes inthe church for fifteen weeks. northernmost post of civilization terestingly in Guatemala News The pastor then visited the mem- in Alaska. During the past six of hospital and ambulance "out bers and sold the idea to 118 out months, nearly 700,000 gallons work" in that country. The amof 120 wage earners. On the first of beer, wine and hard liquors bulatory clinic was held at EI day, the offering leaped to $173, were consumed in Alaska, al- Rancho in July, when hundreds and then to $228; the largest though its population is only were treated and Gospel seed amount received on anyone day about 60,000. sown. Dr. Ainslee considers the was $450. The total amount for harvest of this kind of service the period was $2,626 as over -New York Times. possibly greater than that in against $600 for the same period hospital work. "The daily routhe year before. It resulted in LATIN AMERICA tine is a story of daily rounds, all the deficit being wiped out, listening to reports of the sick, all bills paid, and a happy peo- Mexico Fights Alcohol and checking them with those of ple. While the covenant to tithe the nurse. Many of the patients, was for a period of fifteen weeks Mexico is in the thick of a especially those whose stay in liquor traffic fight. President the hospital is being paid for by ro only, yet when it was all over Cardenas has the backing of the others, contrive to find a new nation's women in this fight, pain or ache for us every morn- 72 of the original tithers which is against pulque and te- ing; our lack of interest involves agreed to keep it up. quila. "It is up to them more the patient in the responsibility than anyone else to solve the of conjuring up a new one for -United Presbyterian problem," he said recently, "for tomorrow. It is odd how a tele- Leaflet. the sake of their children and gram from home asking them to homes, and to see that their hus- come soon for a fiesta, will often Visiting Campaign in Canada bands and brothers make good turn a poor pain-racked body use of the money they earn. into an animated bundle of joy A friendly visitation of all the Women will be satisfied to know in a few short hours. families of the United Church of that they have undertaken a Canada is being planned in con- great work. In the case of ex- "Native doctors are becoming nection with the 10th anniver- treme necessity," he warned, "I more efficient medically. We feel sary of union. This will mean may even have to prohibit the that when the time comes to turn calls by ministers and laymen in manufacture of liquor, so that this work over to them-and this 440,000 homes and on 77,000 this work will not be in vain." thought must always be at the members not connected with forefront – that the hospital families. The enterprise was – Watchman-Examiner. work will be one of the Mission begun with a visitation of the branches that will feel the presbyteries by conference lead- Honors For Trinidad change the least, and this gives ers. The presbyteries are send- us great encouragement." ing members to all of the official Honors attained in the mission boards of the churches and fi- school of the United Church of In Guadalajara nally each congregation is· to Canada in Trinidad reveals the have a call from office bearers. high standards of the school's Rev. Clarence A. Neff, Amer- More than 1,667,000 Canadians East Indian teachers. One ican Board missionary, is imwill receive greetings from their teacher gained permanent pos- pressed with the sincerity of church-not for a financial can- session of the agricultural so- President Cardenas of Mexico. vass, hut for friendly talks about ciety's shield given to the school He says that the situation in the well-being of the home, the having the best school garden Guadalajara – and evidently church and community. for the year. His school at Jor- over the country as a whole-is dan Hill won this distinction for much happier than it was a year -Presbyterian Banner. three successive years. In 1933 ago. Although the anti-ecclesias- and 1934 Canadian mission tical legislation remains on the Prohibition for Alaska schools won the Madoo Gold books, there seems to be great Medal awarded to the best all- leniency in its enforcement. The Early in December, Eskimos around primary school in the col- ban on the circulation of reliin Alaska petitioned the Terri- ony, and of the final six schools gious publications has been torial Board of Liquor Control examined for this distinction, lifted. Due to the discouraging at Nome to reenact prohibition four were Canadian mission outlook for private schools in statutes, making it a crime even schools. Mexico, the Colegio EI Pacifico to give an Eskimo a drink of in Mazatlan was closed in June. liquor. In their petition, the The Tyzabod Canadian Mis- Then came a letter from the Nome natives declared "the ex- sion School won first place in an state director of federal schools, cessive use of intoxicating liquor exhibit of handwork, the first urging that the institution be reby Eskimos and persons of rural school to receive this recog- opened, especially in view of the mixed blood is highly demoral- nition. izing to the race." -United Church Record.

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

efforts he had made to get gov- his countrymen, became a mem- Antonio Serrano. The work is ernment recognition for it. The making a slow, but sure, begin- ber of the Presbyterian Church, ning under his leadership. Dur- School reopened with 80 stu- ing the summer Senor Serrano dents. -Missionary Herald. then began to visit the hospitals made many visits to churches in Madrid and elsewhere with the and jails of Santiago, helping the object of getting in close contact with their youth work. As a re- Work of Bible Institute men as they got out to rehabili- sult he has received invitations Graduates from a number of ministers to tate themselves. He rented a assist in the organizing of Sun- day schools in their churches. small house, established a man -The Life of Faith. The Central America Evan- and his wife as caretakers, and Bibles in Spain gelical Bible Institute is training as the men got out of jail or hos- The National Bible Society of native young people for places of pital, took them there, until they Scotland takes advantage of the Book Fair in Madrid and other responsibility, since the national- could find work. Presently he cities to sell Evangelical litera- ture. This year conditions have istic trend in this country may gave up his luxurious apartment been unusually adverse. Such outbursts of Romish fanaticism result in a situation similar to and went to live there. Last year have not been witnessed for years. Young Romish fanatics that in Mexico. A former stu- he bought a fine piece of prop- blocked sales by saying that the Book was of no value: that it dent, working in a difficult field erty out in one of the nice sub- was not the true Bible, that it was full of evil, that it was imon Lake Nicaragua, has suffered urbs of the city, not far from possible to read i.t. Groups sta- tioned themselves short distances persecution, even stoning. An- our Instituto Ingles, and there from the stands, stopped persons who had made purchases, obligother in Nicaragua is assistant erected what he meant to be a ing many of them to return what they had bought. pastor of Managua church while Home for his ex-prisoners, his The young fanatics, incited by a third is doing very ';ell as own dwelling and a lovely chapel the priests, would sometimes buy Gospels, only to tear them up bepastor of the Granada church. seating some 120 or 150 people: fore our eyes. One day one of them approached when several In Honduras and in Salvador The whole plant is now com- other persons were engaged in looking at the volumes. He graduates are doing hspalsenbdeied~ pleted. His hope is to be or- asked for a verse concerning sacrificial work. One Christ's Resurrection, and the dained as a Presbyterian piat swtoar~ colporteur, guessing what he had greatly used in a coast field to but in view of opposition in mind, handed him a Bible so that he should find it himself. build up the second largest evan- thought best to postpone it. He For a long time he searched for it in the Old Testament until, gelical congregation in that re- holds regular Sunday evening tired of his impertinence, the colporteur showed him the verse. public. Vesper services at the Home, He tried to argue that the verse denied the Resurrection, but was A woman graduate in Salva- and at 10 p. m. evening prayers hooted out of the crowd.

dor travels miles afoot, holding for his household, and for those Threats, even attempts, were made to burn the stall. As soon meetings and doing visitation of the neighborhood who care to as the Minister of the Interior heard of this, he gave an order work in her extensive field. come. He maintains this work that the stall should be guarded night and day by six soldiers. -Evangelical Christian. out of his own funds, and hopes One morning a well-dressed gen- tleman came to the stand accom- later to have a service in French panied by two others. He exam- ined the Bibles and admired the Vigorous Indian Church for the many French-Swiss Prot- Mr. A. H. Hawley, an E. U. estants in Santiago who are en- S. A. missionary, spent five days among coastal Indians of Peru, tirely without religious services. and writes of their spiritual progress. "These Indians have -Presbyterian News. erected two buildings in which to hold their services on Sundays, EUROPE when they meet for two or three hours for a season of prayer and The "Godless Movement" meditation over the Word of God. Invariably when they The Research Department of bring their wool to Arequipa for the Universal Christian Council, sale, they visit the mission house 2 rue de Montchoisy, Geneva, with the hope of learning a new Switzerland, has brought out a hymn or chorus." study booklet on "The Methods of the Godless Movement." Ex- -The Christian. tracts from Russian literature are given as illustrative of the New Work in Santiago type of propaganda and teaching being carried forward. The A young Chilean, Sr. Suber- study is not limited entirely to caseaux, belonging to an aristo- Russia but deals with the anticratic and wealthy family, a religious efforts of communism graduate of the Sorbonne in Psy- in several other European counchology, came in touch, in Rome, tries. The pamphlet is available with the Waldensian Church and in English as well as in German. was converted t h r 0 ugh and through. He returned to Chile -Federal Council Bulletin. with the idea of devoting himself to preaching the Gospel to Sunday Schools in Spain Spain now has a full time Sunday school missionary, Rev.

book stall. He proved to be the financial help caused by the diffi- their faith in Christ. A priest Minister of the Interior, and culties of the exchange. At pres- in Athens has founded 50 catebought a Bible. ent the German societies can do chetical schools, enrolling 5,000 no more than raise the amounts children. In Greece at large -Quarterly Record. needed to maintain their foreign there are now 559 such schools missionaries. for Christian instruction, with Estonian Prisoners 45,000 studying in them. This Nazis Close Seminaries priest has also organized 200 Thirty-one years ago the call Gospel meetings for women and came to Rev. Adam Podin to An armistice between the con- children. The 126,000 Moslems carry the Gospel to prisoners in fessional Protestants of Ger- in Thrace are the object of mis- Russia, but at that time it was many and the Nazi Government sionary interest. There is a impossible to gain entrance to gave some promise of making growing interest in the Bible; prisons. It was not long before the church, legally and tech- Sunday schools are being organa man, unknown to him, learned nically at least as free as a state ized ; also many philanthropic of his difficulty and promised church can be. This armistice societies and religious groups, help. Shortly afterward, Mr. was broken November 6, when with weekly meetings. Podin received documents grant- police and Hitler guardsmen ing him access to every prison in closed two independent theolog- -So S. Times. Russia. ical seminaries, one recently es~ tablished in Berlin, the other at AFRICA In Siberia there were half a Barmen in Westphalia, which million prisoners, and not one the Confessional Synod had set Pioneering in Ethiopia Christian worker to minister to up free from government contheir spiritual needs. trol. Both professors and stu- Southern Ethiopia is peopled dents were placed under tem- by primitive, barbaric tribes, Mr. and Mrs. Podin have also porary arrest and finally turned with little or none of the Ambeen working for leper prison- out of the building. . haric culture found farther ers, both men and women. north. These tribes are Hamitic New Anti-Jewish Decree and have no connection racially, -The Christian. socially or religiously with the The New York Sun puhlishes Semitic ruling class, but are Flemish Protestants the provisions of Germany's new heathen in every sense of the anti-Jewish decree: word. Most of them would be Under the auspices of the classed as animists, and some are Belgian Gospel Mission, Flemish 1. Jews cannot be citizens, but only even charged with cannibalism. Protestant Christians assembled State subjects, and only citizens may Near the Kenya border is a comat Ghent in November for the vote. munity where a young man caneighth annual convention. The not qualify for matrimony until purpose was to strengthen their 2. All Jewish civil servants must he has first proved his prowess spiritual life. Gratitude was ex- resign by December 31. They, and by slaying a man, whose blood pressed for the liberty for Gos- war veterans, will receive pensions on must be displayed on his spear pel witness enjoyed in Belgium, the regular scale according to rank. blade. Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Street, in contrast to closing doors of the Sudan Interior Mission, around them in other parts of 3. Jewish teachers in Jewish public have entered this field, and be- Europe. -The Christian. schools may remain in their jobs pend- ing the first white people to ap- ing an exact definition of their status. pear found themselves objects The German Missions of curiosity of a friendly sort. 4. Generally no non-Jew may marry The Year Book of the United a Jew, but there are provisions for For the first few months the German Missions for 1936, under waiving the rule in special cases. Streets found a most surprising the name of the "German Evan- interest in the Gospel message gelical Foreign Missions," gives 5. "Aryan" maid servants in Jewish and were encouraged by the the newest figures for the year households may remain in their jobs, large crowds that gathered reg- 1934. On the fields of these if, by December 31, they will have ularly to listen. Some years ago united missions there are 1,552 completed their thirty-first year. a native prophet had exhorted European missionaries and 11,- the people to repent and turn 400 paid native workers. These 6. Foreign Jews resident in Ger- unto the Lord. He told them that have under their care 1,263,876 many are subject to the laws; for- some day a white man would native Christians and 62,000 in- eigners generally who are not resident come proclaiming the way of ,salquirers. They have 4,256 day are not affected. (This would apply vation, whose words they should schools and 100 high schools, in as regards mixed marriages.) carefully heed. Then the devil which they instruct 260,000 took a hand. While the Streets pupils. There are 35 European "Life Movement" in Greece were away several deaths ocand 8 native doctors in 34 hos- curred in the community. The pitals. During the year covered The Greek Orthodox Church old men concluded that the reaby the report the numbers of na- is giving evidence of an evan- son for these deaths was the tive helpers, converts and pupils gelical revival. A series of meethave kept on increasing not- ings was begun over a year ago withstanding the utter need for by a civil service official, who gathered others in government employ in his home for the study of the prophecies. These groups have been growing larger, and many have made confession of

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

presence of the missionary. They peace. . . . I only wish that . . . relief of the sick and suffering accordingly decided that any instead of a mutilated Gospel has grown considerably, the last women or children caught bring- which explains the confusion and report telling of over 300,000 ing wood or hay to the foreign- the infidelity of the peoples of treatments given at various hos- ers would be put in chains. The Europe they would return and pitals and dispensaries. It is old men said that their god was lead others back to the true Gos- now possible to travel by motor angry with them for listening to pel which began with the crea- l)Jmost from the Niger to the the "Jesus Christ matter," and tion of the world." Nile, stopping each night at a that they had decided it was best -Woman's Missionary Christian mission station.

to continue offering their sacri- Friend. -The Christian.

fices to Asa, the native prophet, but the missionaries are not dis- Suez Men's Work Teaching a Mute the Gospel couraged. Moslem bigotry combines with Mr. H. A. Ogilvie, of the Su- -Moody Institute Monthly. intense nationalism to put ob- dan Interior Mission, sends this Prayer for Ethiopia stacles in the way of the "Suez interesting story to the Moody Men's Work." It had been evi- Institute Monthly: The Ethiopia Prayer League dent that some institution, in ithas been formed in England to self unobjectionable to the "man A frequent visitor at the mission compound was Wawa, a mute, a enlist and encourage prayer dur- in the street," was called for, bright, cheery-faced boy. To teach the ing the time of Ethiopia's need, especially since the majority of boy the mission house was used as an and to supply information con- Egyptian men know practically object lesson, the missionary using the cerning the missionary situation sign for to build, and then pointing to in that land. The issues in- nothing of the social side of himself, thus meaning that he had home life and spend their leisure built the house. Other objects which volved are not primarily eco- sitting in cafes where the atmos- the missionary had made were used, nomic, territorial or racial, but and finally a tree. This time the mis- phere is harmful. After many sionary shook his head to show that spiritual. Progress of the Gos- attempts a "Reading Room for he had not made that. He pointed pel in Ethiopia during the past Young Men" was 0 pen e d. into the sky, using the sign for father.

seven years has been possibly Arabic texts and Copping pic- Other objects were used, as rocks, birds, flowers, the missionary each without precedent in the history tures adorn the walls. One room time pointing up and using this sign. of missions. Evangelism is be- is provided with papers and Wawa is a quick lad, and he perceived ing intensified from Lalibella in magazines, secular and Chris- that he was being told of the Maker the North to Bulke in the South, tian, and there is a small library. of all things.

a revision of the whole Bible in chiefly of religious books. An- Then the sign for son was used, teaching that the Maker of all had a Amharic is in progress, the blind other room is devoted to games; Son; an only One, holding up one are being taught to read, the sick another is a retreat for in- finger. Different signs were used to are being healed, and hospitals quirers, and it is hoped even- depict the suffering of the Son for us, and churches planted-all this is tually for Bible classes. A radio His death and His resurrection. Heaven was described as the place jeopardized by war. About 100 has been installed and is proving where there is no sickness or death. missionaries remain at their a great asset. No stubbed toes, which would have an posts, and look for prayer-sup- appeal to a barefooted boy. Step by -Egypt General Mission port during these crucial days. News. step signs were worked out which -The Christian. Sudan United Mission would declare the way of salvation by faith in the Son. It was surprising Menelik Wrote a Missionary In a little over twenty-five how quickly the truth was grasped, years the Sudan United Mission and before long Wawa was going into It is of interest to read a letter has established a chain of mis- town and by his sign language telling written in February, 1896, by his people of the Maker of all things who lived in heaven, and of His Son, Emperor Menelik of Ethiopia to sion stations across the Sudan, who is the Saviour and Friend of an English missionary. He said: and today 136 missionaries are sinners.

"You are mistaken in thinking actively at work. Until 1910 Ohristians Grow Slowly ,that I do not care for your only one convert had been bap- prayers. All prayers of believers tized, and at that time there was At McLean Station, Presbyare dear to me, even when they not aNew Testament in any of terian West Africa Mission, one come from the children of Eu- the languages spoken in this group rebelled against the dis- rope. Not all are aggressors on region. Now there is a whole cipline of the church, withdrew, my kingdom: not all commit the Bible in Hausa available and in and attempted to start a new iniquity of attacking those whom growing use, and a number of church of their own. It is a they hope to find weaker than smaller portions of Scripture in tribal affair, for they are very themselves; not all have bent several of the tongues. In the jealous of other tribes. For two the knee before Baal, the god of last two years more than 200 years thi~ has been going on, but destruction and the slaughterer were baptized. Sunday church they ar~ beginning to realize of his brothers. Many, I am attendance averages 5,000. that a church which defies the sure, still truly adore the God of From the first small begin- rules given in the Bible for the Cross, the God of justice and nings the Mission's work for the Christian living, soon becomes a

very weak affair. Some are Paterson Smyth's "L i f e of but with books and other extras. coming back, a few of the wom- Christ," Father Gerard's "Man- At Christmas time a Russian ual of Intercession" and a bottle woman of Meshed joined a misen, one or two of the men, being of peroxide. After reading the sionary in getting up a party for brave enough to come and say, label on the peroxide bottle he refugees when, for once at least, thought that it would be a good everyone had all he could eat. "I am finished with it. I see it beginning. Many came for ,the is nothing and I do not want to medicine and were inclined to In Ramadan students in the have anything more to do with listen to what he had to say as girls' school asked to have gifts it." We have put them to the he was from a secondary school. intended for them sent to chiltest, in asking them if they Later the missionary sent him a dren in an orphanage. The girls would give the offering they had useful parcel of medical stores themselves made up Christmas and prayed for him. bags and filled them with gifts refused to give the church the they could make from their past year, and they have not only WESTERN ASIA scanty resources. In Tabriz, consented but have done so, two older students made it possible very different things in this End of German Missions by gifts of clothes and money for country where lying is second in Turkey two very poor girls to continue in school. nature and no one has any scruples about it. -Pastors' News Sheet.

-Presbyterian News. INDIA AND SIAM Congo Statistics The question of religion is agi- Evangelism on the March At the beginning of 1935 there tating the minds of the Turks to A Five-Year Forward Movewere 42 Protestant Missions and a great extent. It appears that ment, planned by the National Christian Council, is the Christhree independent stations hav- not even Mohammedanism can tian response to communism, naing work in the Belgian Congo, continue to hold them noticeably tionalism, secularism, atheism, and in the Belgian mandated ter- at present. The reason is that modernism or whatever other ritory of Ruanda Urundi, an the Turks are casting about for "isms" challenges the Gospel as area covering s 0 m e 966,000 a religion that might be consid- the power of God unto men's salsquare miles with a population ered intrinsically Turkish. Their vation. Efforts of other agencies of about 14 millions. The total writers lean to the view that are all bearing fruit; the entire number of Protestant mission anything coming to them from Bengal – Orissa Mission reports stations in this vast central por- . the outside cannot fill the re- Forward Movements. The main tion of Africa is 199, with 893 quirements and are seeking to responsibility for the movement missionaries. As for native construct an eclectic religion will be on the churches themhelpers, there is now a splendid that is more or less ethical and selves, the National Christian army of 13,058 pastors, evan- that is not earmarked by the in- Council and provincial Christian gelists and teachers, among them fluences that are not strictly Councils, which will arrange a large number of well-trained Turkish. As a result Christian conferences, issue literature and Christian men of many years ex- and even Mohammedan missions attend to details. Before the speperience in Christian work. The have a hard time of it. This is cial efforts begin, early in 1936, adult baptized church member- only in line with the extreme a preparation of seven weeks by ship now numbers 238,807, and nationalistic tendencies that are churches is suggested. the total Protestant community everywhere at work along non- religious lines as well. Sacred Books Burned exceeds a million. -Congo Mission News. The Hiilfsbund of Frankfurt, Following a recent decision of the Depressed Classes to leave has now, two years after the the Hindu fold, about 1,000 De- pressed Class youths from vil- Fighting Heathenism with driving out of the last German lages in Bombay Presidency met Peroxide sisters from Marash, succeeded at a conference recently and per- in disposing of the last proper- formed "obsequies" to Hinduism. A boy of seventeen, student at ties it had left there. The mis- The ceremonies included the an Episcopal boarding school in sionaries had the feeling that burning of the Manu Suriti Johannesburg, heard that two of since the prospects for further (Laws of Manu) and other his sisters had died suddenly in mission work in Turkey are Hindu sacred books upholding one day and a third was violently over, God Himself seemed to untouchability. A pyre was preill; that heathen neighbors were have closed the doors to them pared into which books, one trying to persuade the mother to and so they have sold all that after another, were unceremonigo to the witch-doctor to learn was left to them. ously thrown to the accompaniwhy the daughters died. The boy ment of funeral orations detail- returned to his heathen home at The Christmas Spirit in Iran once, in great distress of mind to fight the heathen. Assyrian refugees and Rus- He told the school teacher that sian prisoners in Meshed have the only thing to do was to start been cared for by the mission a Sunday school to combat the group, not only with gifts of evils. He left school armed with clothing and payment of rent

OUR WORLD-WIDE OUTLOOK

ing the offending passages in the Youth Evangelism in Siam ties of this work. The Governor and other high officials were books. -The Living Church. For many years, under the present, and several Chinese and Burmese teak dealers and gen- guidance of Dr. William Harris, eral merchants. The s e all Bible Week in West India Principal of Prince Royal Col- pledged to do all they could to support the work we have been The Bombay Auxiliary of the lege of Chiengmai, teachers of doing and to try to get leper British and Foreign Bible So- clinics established throughout thIS school have gone out during the province." ciety invited all missions and churches of West India to take the hot vacation season to the MISCELLANEOUS part in a united campaign of country villages pre a chi n g Scripture distribution during the Whole Church a Missionary first week of last November, Christ. In the spring of 1933, more than one hundred young Society The objects were thus summarized by the Society: people of northern Siam came to- There is no Moravian Mis- gether for study and preparation sionary Society b e c a use the To ~each people and districts hith- whole church is a missionary soerto insufficiently visited, or entirely to carryon vacation Bible ciety. About one in every sevuntouched, by present colportage schools in the villages. In the enty-five of the members bemethods. comes a missionary, as compared Chiengmai field alone ten groups with about one in 5,000 in the To counteract the influence of cheap churches generally. Countries went out, and 736 children were to which Moravians have carried enrolled that year. In one par- the Gospel include Northwest ticularly difficult village several America, G u ian a, Labrador, Moskito Coast, Demerara, Northsecular literature, definitely harmful families came into the church. west Alaska and East-Central in character, which is finding an in- Africa. They maintain a leper creasingly wide circulation throughout Other village communities were home at Jerusalem, and work India. stirred, friction has been eased among lepers has been carried and new interest aroused. on in South Africa since 1818. To emphasize the value of Scripture There are over 300 stations, yet distribution as an effective means of These young people continued the annual expenditure amounts evangelism and worthy of a more to work in 1934, and in southern to but little over £100,000; of prominent place in the evangelistic this less than half is raised at program of missions and churches. Siam six more vacation Bible home, the greater proportion be- schools were added, making a ing the contribution of the mis- To encourage voluntary service and sion fields. -The Christian. individual witness on the part of all ' total of 1,292 children enrolled, Approach to the Jew members of the Christian Church. plus the 1,151 children who were Rabbi Mendelsohn, editor of To cooperate with the National taught the same lessons in spe- The Sentinel, a Chicago Jewish Christian Council in its projected pro- cial time in seven mission journal, believes in the sincerity gram for a Forward Movement in of Dr. Conrad Hoffmann, Gen- schools. The 196 teachers were eral Secretary of the Interna- Evangelism. -Dnyanodaya. the young men and women from tional Committee on the Chris- tian Approach to the Jews, and Refuses to Teach Koran the Christian schools who were says that since Dr. Hoffmann is again willing to give of their a born Christian, Jews are glad to listen to him, which they A Mohammedan con v e r t time and themselves. would not do, were he a con- -Women and Missions. verted Jew. "Jews object," says named Nur (Light) is one of the Rabbi Mendelsohn, "to the meth- od and type of approach usually new pupils in the United Pres- For Siam Lepers pursued. If those who are inter- ested in missionizing a m 0 n g byterian Normal School at Sial- Jews will send to us only men like Dr. Hoffmann they will obkot. Since her baptism she has The National Church of Siam viate a serious obstacle on the been teaching in a Mohammedan has been doing a work among the road to goodwill between Jews village school, where she refuses lepers for about two years. This and Christians." to teach the Koran. She regards the theft of her Bible as the is not a mission activity. A vilhardest persecution she has suf- lage is maintained with 33 pa- tients, most of whom have befered. She had the joy, how- come Christians. "During the ever, of seeing her mother, who first ten months or so the probis still a Mohammedan, enroll in lems of discipline and organizathe beginners class of that school tion were very difficult," writes in order that she might some day one of the workers; "during the be able to read the Bible for her- later months we have been self. Nur's joy at being in greatly encouraged by the attischool is not so much for the tude of cooperation and Chrisnormal training as the oppor- tian fellowship on the part of the tunity for getting Bible .teaching patients. There has been no efand growing in spiritual things, fort or intention to build a hosso that when she goes back to pital or other expensive edifices live among her. Mohammedan in this work; we would like relatives she may better be able. to give all the medical attention to give them the reason and the patients need, and the reliproof of the hope that is hers in gious instruction n e c e s s a r y. Christ. There have been two meetings of -Women's Missionary the representatives of the com- Magazine. munity to discuss the possibili- Our Missionary Bookshelf Books Briefly Reviewed for the Readers' Information The Turkish Transformation. A itself to a new situation wherein it authorities in the investigation Study in Social and Religious De- must confine itself to the domain of velopment. By Henry Elisha Allen, conscience. of the earliest traces of human Ph.D. 251 pp. $2.50. University life and thought on our earth. of Chicago Press. Chicago. 1935. The question remains whether The book is the reasoned convic- To make an exhaustive study of the reactions in Turkey and Islam as a religion can function tion of a true and sturdy Chris- outside of Turkey to the fall of effectively in such a secular tian scholar in defense of the the Caliphate and the rise of the new dictatorial Republic would state. The author has used his biblical account of man's origin require several volumes and many years of careful study and material with great skill. After and of the origin of his religious travel. The author remarks in an historic introduction and an belief and fundamental social his Preface that Islam is not a unit, which is true. On the account of the penetration of and moral ideas. It is amazing other hand, it is a system of Western civilization, he deals to see the facts which Dr. thought, of social life, and a religion. Whether the forces that with Turkey's res e n t men t Zwemer has gathered showing are playing on it in Turkey have against the religious incubus of the return of contemporary completed their task or not, the survey here made is of deep in- her own faith. This first part of thought toward the historic terest. the book is followed by an ac- · Christian tradition. It need not count 0 f the revolutionary · be said that one feels throughout Of the composite mass which goes to make up Islam, no unit today pre- changes that have taken place, the glow of Dr. Zwemer's deep sents a more interesting or amazing picture than Turkey in its eager rush the construction of a loyal uni- faith and rich spirit. R. E. S. to escape from the toils of ignorance and superstition which have for so fied state and the new spirit evi- Ethiopia, a Pawn in European Dimany years retarded her progress. plomacy. By Ernest Work, Pro- When one remembers the centuries of dent in Turkey's present social fessor of History, Muskingum Colbitterness and bloodshed, of jealousy institutions. The two final chap- lege, Formerly Advisor to Ethiopian and misunderstanding, in the relations ters deal with missionary educaof Islam and Christianity, and when one realizes that Turkey, long the tion, its possibilities and limita- Government. 8 vo. 354 pp. The champion of Moslem orthodoxy and tions, and the place of Islam in Macmillan Company. New York. most redoubtable aggressor for the the new Turkey. There is an ex- 1935. faith of Mohammed, is now making tensive bibliography and a good herself into a Western nation accord- sketch map in the cover. The Italo – Ethiopian controing ta the very pattern of those Euro- versy has centered the attention pean states which for so many years S. M. ZWEMER. of the world on a country until she despised and feared, he cannot recently practically unknown to deny that he is witnessing one of history's most significant phenomena. The Origin of Religion. By Samuel most of the reading public. Here before our very eyes is occurring M. Zwemer. 8 vo. 256 pp. $2.00. True, the coronation of the Ema transition of civilizations, the aban- Cokesbury Press. Nashville, Tenn. peror Haille Silassie I in Novemdonment of practices which originated 1935. in Arabia, based upon union of reli- ber of 1930 gave this country gion and politics, the adoption of pat- The origiriallectures delivered much publicity, but the general terns which developed in Europe, by Dr. Zwemer at the Columbia impression left by news reports based upon separation of religion and Theological Seminary at De- at that time was that the country politics. Far-reaching consequences catur, Georgia, have been sup- was some semibarbaric curiosity. of this transition may be observed in plemented by additional ma- Today she stands before us as government, law, education, and so- terial. The whole volume deals the prize desired by a European cial structure. Religion, which but with the origin of religion, of the nation and one to be secured by little more than a half century ago idea of God, of the world and warlike conquest. was the test of citizenship, has been man, of prayer and sacrifice, of Professor Work's book will severed from the constitution. Islam, fire as a symbol of deity, of mar- convince the reader that the shorn of its prestige, strives to adapt riage and ethics, of ,the belief in world powers in general are immortality. Dr. Zwemer does aware of the value of this coun- not accept the naturalistic theory try, the last independent empire of these origins. He believes · in all of Africa, but the general that monotheism is the primitive public is unaware of the subtle faith of mankind and not an evo- machinations of international lutionary development. His book politics. In vivid fashion, with is buttressed on every page by every important statement sup- Any of the books noted in these columns will be sent by the RlWrltw publishers OD receipt of price.

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OUR MISSIONARY BOOKSHELF

ported by documentary evidence, what is to happen in the future. gelical Church and Sunday Professor Work shows how school membership. Ethiopia has been for more than If Italy gains the land she dehalf a century the pawn on Eur- The story of the present Evanope's chessboard, with England, sires so as to connect Eritrea gelical Movement is encouraging as it gives evidence of spiritual France, Italy, Russia, Germany, and Italian Somaliland, then life in the Mexican Church. Turkey and Egypt as the play- Anyone wishing a just, clear and France is cut off as a competitor, accurate appraisal of Mexico toers. Ethiopia the lowly pawn day must read this book. has been shoved about at will, and only England and Italy re- Ralph Norton and the Gospel Missacrificed whenever a new move main. If HaiIle Silassie objects sion. By Edith F. Norton. Illus. in the game demanded it. Egypt, 8 vo. 253 pp. $2.00. Revell. New Turkey, Germany and Russia to this amputation of his strong York. 1935.

have been eliminated by clever right arm-the barrier country This stirring love story tells of moves of the other contestants the ideal married life of Edith until only England, France and so valuable to his future-it may Fox and Ralph Norton whose love for each other is subordi- Italy remain. be that the League (viz. Eng- nate only to their devotion to Professor Work continues his Christ and to those for whom land, France and Italy) will have they gave their life service. The report of the game of interest- Nortons have done for Belgians ing, although at times also to put sanctions on him to en- what Robert W. McAll did for the French. With a less wideshameful and nauseating, inter- force the amputation. spread organization behind them national politics by citing the in England and America, they This is not a volume to be have been used to accomplish as clever moves of each of the three great spiritual results as the contestants – England, France skimmed through in an evening. message of love, voiced by Mr. and Mrs. McAll accomplished and Italy – to eliminate the There is much solid food for among the working classes of other. The chessgame became France. more like a foxhunt, with the fox thought. The chapters entitled, himself watching every move Ralph Norton was born in Inand outwitting the hunters at The Land and Its Surrounding; diana on November 10, 1868, and after attending DePauw Univerevery turn. What a fox Mene- Italy Tries for the Pawn; Italy sity, followed by a brief business lik II proved to be, learning the career, entered Moody Bible Insubtleties of the game from ob- Loses the Pawn; and The Pres- stitute. He took up evangelistic servation, eluding them one after work, became Religious Work the other! The prize fell to none ent Situation, are especially in- Director of the Y. M. C. A. and then for ten years was associated of the ,three because each was so teresting. The seventeen maps with Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman and zealous that the other should not Charles M. Alexander. During get it. are of inferior quality as to the World War, Mr. and Mrs. Norton worked among the sol- The picture Professor Work clearness and art and could be diers and refugees. They went to the Belgian Front and as a releaves with us as we finish read- greatly improved. A compre- sult the Belgian Gospel Mission ing and reflect on the plight of was founded in 1918. Since the present Emperor, Haille hensive Indix and Bibliography then sixty-six stations have been established for evangelical mis- Silassie I, is that of a lion-the are appended. There is perhaps sion work in nine provinces; Lion of the Tribe of Judah-as thousands have accepted Christ many have called His Majesty, no other one book which covers and have been transformed. although he does not call himself Two Bible Training schools are by this name for he knows it re- even a chapter of the same ma- conducted and evangelistic work is carried on in halls, tents and fers to Christ. The Lion roars terial here presented, as Profes- by Gospel cars. This mission is from the Ethiopian heights, as one of the few good outgrowths sor Work refers extensively to of the World War. It is being he sees the hunters closing carried on by Mrs. Norton and around him. His eyes flash as official documents not readily ac- her associates, with the help of he sees those whom he thought an American Committee of his friends, turn against him cessible. He presents the case which Dr. Charles G. Trumbull and betray him – no cringing is treasurer. of Ethiopia most clearly. ' monarch of Africa but a fearless lion showing his teeth. STUART BERGSMA.

The student of accurate, liv- Religion in the Republic of Mexico. ing history, proven by authorita- By G. Baez Camargo and Kenneth G. Grubb. Illustrations, maps and tive documents, will :find the charts. 8 vo. 166 pp. 58. World scales dropping from his eyes so Dominion Press. MiIdmay Park. London. 1935. that he sees the professed altruism and big-brother protective We have here timely study of a land and people much in the attitude of the larger nations to- public mind. The authors are ward small ones are sham. well qualified to speak with au- Further, Professor Work's book thority. Prof. G. Baez Camargo almost enables one to predict is a Mexican Christian, secretary of the National Council of Evan- gelical Churches in Mexico and secretary for Christian Educa- tion. Mr. Grubb was formerly a missionary in Latin America and recently visited Mexico to study the situation. The survey is reliable and up to date with descriptions of ancient and mod- ern Mexico, recent political and religious developments, and the evangelical situation and out- look. There are very valuable appendices on Protestant mis- sions, five excellent maps and two charts showing the Evan-

How to Teach Evangelical Christian- college into Y. M. C. A. work in many years as the African St. ity. By Theodor Heckel. 8 vo. 121 pp. Zondervan Pub. House. Grand China. Later he became secre- Paul of the West Coast Church. Rapids, Mich. 1935. tary for Asia and through his Miss Garlick describes graph- Dr. Norman E. Richardson, of ChiGago, and Klaas Jacob Strate- travels at home and in Asia met ically the planting and growth meir have translated this work of the "Counsel for the German a multitude of interesting people, of the Christian Church, the es- Evangelical Church Union." It is a book for teachers and Chinese and Americans, and has tablishment of schools, training preachers, an exposition of methods found effective in Ger- had many valuable experiences of Christian workers and the many for reading and teaching the Bible as the Word of God. during Chi n a's revolutions. transforming influence of the We will do well to learn from Evangelical German Christians These he describes in a delight- Gospel- in Nigeria, S i err a -as we have since the days of Luther. Theodor Heckel is a ful, informal way, without phil- Leone and the Yoruba country. representative of the scientific osophical digressions but with It is an inspiring story. and spiritually-minded German teachers. The Bible is to be interpretive insight. The chap- The Answer of God. Seventieth Antaught as fact, not fiction; as niversary of the China Inland Misrevealing man in his weakness ter, "I Take My Bearings," is sion. By Marshall Broomhall. Paand the possibilities of growth in particularly refreshing and reholiness; God as supreme and Christ as divine Saviour and vealing. Mr. Brockman, how- per Cover. 12 mo. 93 pp. C. I. M. Lord. Many helpful suggestions are here made on how to make ever, seems to us to misrepresent London. 1935. the Bible live. early missionary motives and to Some think the age of miracles Christ and the Student W orId. By "discover" many things that is past. Here is the story of sev- Robert P. Wilder. Introduction by other missionaries have long enty years of miracle. This brief Robert E. Speer. 80 pp. Cloth, 75 known about the Orient. cents. Fleming H. Revell Co., New history of the China Inland Mis- York. 1935. The Bible in Our Day. A Symposium. sion reveals the wonderful way This little volume of eight ad- 12 mo. 184 pp. $1.00. The Oxdresses, given by Dr. Wilder to ford Press. New York. 1935. in which the Mission was born students in many lands, will be and developed, was guided, prowelcomed by students in America and by those who are inter- The four hundredth anniver- tected, provided for and made ested in spiritual work for them. sary of the English Bible has fruitful. The Mission began These addresses have already ap- brought forth many volumes on peared in Great Britain where the subject. Here is one with with one station and no conthey have had a wide sale. The much stimulating thought by .verts; now there are 345 statopics include the basis for Christian character as found in seven well-known writers of dif- tions in China and 8,670 were Christ, the Bible, prayer, moral ferent denominations. baptized in 1934. During the struggles and Christian service. first fifty years, 50,700 publicly Dr. Wilder's many years of work professed their faith in Christ; for students in India, Great Britain and the Continent of Co-verdale Speaks, by Charles F. during the last twenty years, Europe and in America, as well Wishart of Wooster College. 107,000 more were baptized-an as his own spiritual experience, average of over 2,000 a year for have given him a deep insight Searching the Scriptures, by Chas. the whole seventy years. The into the needs of youth and the E. Jefferson of New York. most effective way of reaching income-without any denominathem. This book makes an ex- One Book for All People, by James cellent gift for students just en- I. Vance of Nashville. tional church backing or definite tering college. appeals – has grown to nearly Rejoicing in Hope, by A. W. Beaven I Discover the Orient. Fletcher S. of Rochester. Brockman. 12 mo. 211 pp. $2.00. Harper & Bros. New York. 1935. lAle in the Light of the Bible, by $1,000,000 in one year. The Fletcher Brockman, a South- W. Russell Bowie. total income for seventy years erner from Georgia, went from Across the Barriers of Language, has been 0 v e r $25,000,000. by A. R. Wentz of Gettysburg. There are now 1,082 mission- For Such an Age as This, by Lynn aries on the field and 286 at Harold Hough of Drew Univer- home. sity.

The presentations are popular, Winning the Border. Baptist Mis- not theological; practical, not sions Among the Spanish-speaking critical. Peoples of the Border. By Una Roberts Lawrence. Pam phI e t. With the C. M. S. in West Africa. Home Mission Board, Southern Bap- A Study in Partnership. By Phyllis tist Convention. Atlanta, Ga. 1935. L. Garlick. 12 mo. 79 pp. Is. Church Missionary Society. Lon- The Mexicans in the United don. 1935. States and over the border have constituted a real problem in the The work of the Church Mis- southwestern states. Here is a sionary Society in West Africa study of their background and began less than a century ago characteristics, their history and when slavery, warfare and su- Evangelical work among them. perstition everywhere prevailed. The book is especially valuable Today the people are free and for Southern Baptists but con- many have found new life in tains much interesting and use- Christ with education and posi- ful information for all who seek tions of trust. Nigeria is the to promote the Kingdom of God. field in which Bishop Samuel There are 857,194 Mexicans in Crowther served effectively for Texas, New Mexico and Arizona.

features of the book are New Books Una Alajaba de Flechas Para

the pronunciation of Mexican Arqueros Del Senor. Bautista words, suggestions for teaching A Serious Aspect of the Abyssinian Rinorosa. 120 pp. Institute .l!;vanand questions for discussion. Situation. Joseph J. Cooksey. 50 gelico. Rosario, Argentina. The work of the Baptists has pp. 18. World Today Series. New been greatly blessed among these lVlildmay Press. London. The Furtherance of the Gospel. W. people. O. Carver. 146 pp. 60 cents cloth, China Christian Year Book – 1935. 40 cents paper. Baptist Sunday The ~olitary Throne. Some Religious Edited by Frank Rawlinson. 458 School Board. Nashville. BelIefs of Mahatma Gandhi in the pp. Christian Literature Society. Light of Christ's Teachings. By Shanghai. Prove Me NoVi. J. Edwin Orr. Bishop Brenton T. Badley. Booklet. "10,000 Miles of Miracle to Mos- 62 pages. Lucknow Publishing The Case for Missions in Modern cow." 128 np. 18. Marshall, Mor- House. Lucknow, India. 1935. India. E. C. Dewick. 30 pp. 3 gan & Scott. London. Annas. The Palghat Mission. Pal- If anyone wishes to know just ghat, South India. Can God? "10,000 Miles of Miracle where Mr. Gandhi stands in ref- in Britain. 18. 128 pp. MarShall, erence to Christ and His teach- The Church of Christ and the Prob- Morgal1 & Scott. London. ings, he cannot do better than lems of the Day. Karl Heim. Chas. read this book by one who knows Scribner. World Friendship. A Bibliography. both Christ and Gandhi. Bishop Gertrude E. N. King. 79 pp. $1.00. Badley, who has been a Chris- Christ and the Student World. Rob- Chapman and Grimes. Boston. tian missionary in India for 35 ert P. Wilder. 80 pp. 75 cents. years, gives forty quotations Revell. New York. Philosophies of Father Coughlin. from Mr. Gandhi-all of which Sermons by W. B. Riley. b~ pp. contradict the clear teachings of The Essentials of Life. W. H. Grif- 25 cents. Zondervan Pub. House. Christ. In many points the fith Thomas. 126 pp. 18. Picker- Grand Rapids, Mich. Hindu teacher is in harmony ing & Inglis. London. with Jesus but in points that dif- The Making of a Pioneer: Percy ferentiate Christianity from the Eastern and Central Asia. World To- Mather of Central Asia. Mildred ethnic religions he is at variance day Series. 34 pp. 6d. New Mild- Cable and Francesca French. 288 –especially as to His deity, His may Press. London. pp. 58. Hodder & Stoughton. Lonunique character and authority, don. His position as the only Saviour God the Christlike. J ames Robertfrom sin and the only hope of son Cameron. 242 pp. $2.00. Cokes- India's New Constitution. A Survey immortality. Mahatma Gandhi bury Press. Nashvllle. of the Government of India Act, looks upon Christ as a great 1935. J. P. Eddy and F. H. Lawton. teacher and example but he says: The Great Evangel. Lynn Harold 239 pp. 68. Macmillan. London. "When I fancied I was taking Hough. 164 pp. $1.50. Cokesbury my last breath, the Gita (Hindu Press. Nashville. A History of Abyssinia. A. H. M. Scriptures) was my solace." Jones and Elizabeth Monroe. 196 "An Hundred Fold." The Faithful pp. 68. Oxford University Press. The New Home and Other Papers. Steward's Dividend. David McCon- London. By Capt. Reginald Wallis. Paper. aughy. 31 pp. B. I. C. Assn. Chi- 1 8. Pickering & Inglis. Glasgow. cago. The Real Abyssinia. C. F. Rey. 11- 1935. Ius. Map. 291 pp. 108.6d. Seeley His Things of Power. Norman B. Service. London. Captain Wallis is an evangel- Ha.rrison. 62 pp. B. I. C. Assn. ist and Bible teacher, with a mis- Chlcago. II If you use sion especially to young men. His addresses here printed relate The Lad with the Lunch Basket. PRINTING to heaven, death, conversion, Donald Davidson. 18. 96 pp. Pickcreation and victory. They are ering & Inglis. London. YOU will profit from an acthe products of Bible study, spir- quaintanceship with us. We itual experience of God and Duncan Main of Hangchow. Alex- do the job complete in our own knowledge of men. ander Gammie. 38. 6d. Pickering plant, whether it be large or & Inglis. London. small. Oh Carry Me Back. By E. A. Bland. 8 vo. 317 pp. 28. 6d. Pickering New Testament Biographies. H. C. While our specialty is Books, and Inglis, London. Moore. 75 cents. 230 pp. Baptist Magatines and Pamphlets, vet Sunday School Board. Nashville. we have a variety of modern This boys' book records the de- equipment to meet all the revelopment of a thoroughly hu- Religion in the Republic of Spain. quirements of your particular man youngster, Quaker back- World Dominion Survey Series. job. You will find our service ground, who sinks to the depths C. Araujo Garcia and Kenneth S. prompt, careful and courteous. of degradation, but is rescued by Grubb. World Dominion Movement. his mother who crossed the London. Will you allow us to estimate ocean to find him. on your next printing ? We be- Ruled by the Rudder. K. M. Mac- lieve you will be delighted with Leod. 320 pp. Pickering & Inglis. our product, price and service. London. The EVANGELICAL PRESS Songs from the Slums. Toyohiko Kagawa. 94 pp. $1.00. Cokes- PTinters of bury Press. Nashville. The Missionary Review of the World Taken Unawares. John Macbeth. 112 PLANT AND MAIN OFFICE pp. lB. Pickering & Inglis. Lon- Third and Reily Slreets Hlnl,burs, PI. don.

The Unveiled Vision. Edith Hick- man Divan. 18. Pickering & In- glis. London.

When Do Teachers Teach? Doak S. Cambell. 60 cents cloth, 40 cents paper. Baptist Sunday School Board. Nashville.

Year Book of Negro Churches. Com- piled by Bishop Reverdy C. Ransom. 111 pp. Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio.

HUNDRED YEARS OF THE BIBLE IN

Last November marked the one hundredth anniversary of George Borrow's arrival in Spain as agent of the British and Foreign Bible Society. Since then the circulation of the Bible has been maintained whenever political conditions permitted, and the total circulation of the Society in the last 100 years has been approximately 6,857,000 copies. On July 20, 1935, a Bible coach bearing the name "George Borrow" was dedicated in Barcelona for the work.

The National Bible Society of Scotland (N. B. S. S.) began work in Spain in 1862. By far the greater part of the' circulation has been in Spanish, although there is an increasing de- mand for a translation in modern Catalan, and several parts of the New Testament have been published in that language.

In 1930 both societies circulated 277,099 copies and last year 249,903. The demand has not decreased but the supply has been limited, due to lack of funds.

The value of the Bible cannot be estimated in these figures. The desire to understand the Book has been a not inconsiderable factor in the spread of literacy; and it is the ground of faith in the hearts of many who have not identified themselves with any organized Christian Church. It has influenced the outlook of leaders and thinkers, and increasing familiarity with it is already being reflected in the literary expression of Spaniards. It is a matter of much satisfaction that since the Republic both the Roman Catholic Church and the publishing busi- ness have increasingly seen the need of placing the Book within the reach of the people.

The Bible is the most valued possession of the Evangelicals in Spain. A study made in 1932 by the World Dominion Press showed a Spanish Evangelical community of only 21,900, of whom 6,259 were full communicants. But, as with the Bible so it is with those who cherish it: their influence is out of proportion to their numbers. Persecution and absence of liberty have rendered the existence of evangelicalism exceedingly precarious in the past; while today Christians of all convictions have to face the spread of organized godlessness.

A great task thus still awaits accomplishment in the Peninsula. In 1932, of the 48 prov- inces in Spain, 11 could show no organized Evangelical church; and in 27 provincial capitals there was no Evangelical witness of any active kind. In so far as has been possible the con- ditions of wider liberty afforded by the Republic have been taken advantage of, and in the task which still lies ahead the Bible will continue to be the foundation of all evangelistic and Christian achievement. KENNETH G. GRUBB.

READ THE COMING ARTICLES By MISSIONARIES, NATIONALS AND TRAVELERS THE DIVINE CONSTRAINT OF CHRISTIAN MISSIONS • The Archbishop of York THIS ENLARGING WORLD. .•. . • • • Arthur J. Brown THE CHRISTIANITY THAT THE WORLD NEEDS. Frank C. Laubach MEXICO IN THE REMAKING . . • • Gonsalo Baez Camargo EGYPT AND THE NEW DAY • . • • • • Mrs. Anna P. White OPPORTUNITIES IN KOREA . • • Mrs. Induk Pak MISSIONARIES AND SIMPLE LIVING . • • • • • • • • • Muriel Lester Also Look for the Special Number on Africa and Home Mission Number on Negroes in America Have you sent your subscription for 1936? Send it today and make your yearly volume complete.

Each issue contains valuable hints for "Effective Ways of Working."

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The Missionary Review of the World — December 1923

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review 0 f the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Editol CONTENTS FOR DECEMBER, 1923 Page FRONTISPIECE ……..•………. TANElAKI HARA AND JAPANESE EX-PRISONERS EDITORIALS ……..•…………………………. _.. _…………….. . 965 A CONFERENCE FOR BETTER CITIZENSHIP THE COMING STUDENT VOLUNTEER CoNVENTION GOING FORWARD IN 'fURKEY INTERDENOMINATIONAL M,SSIONARY AGENCIES GENERAL FENG AND SOCIAL SERVICE ……. _…… By ROSALIND GOFORTH 973 A story of the remarkabie work itone by the Christw,n Chinese general among his solitiers anil their wives.

THE MISSIONARY EDUCATION OF CHILDREN ……. By SOPHIA LYON FAHS 976 liteas anil ideals in reference to the benefits anit best methods of giving chUdren practioal missionary interests.

THE RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM …………………. By R. O. FRANKI.IN 979 Signs of development in the unilerstanding of Christianity and itevelopment im modern methods as shown in the small but progreS!rive kingdom itn Southeastern Asia.

A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN WORK AMONG PRISONERS ••.. BY TAIlCHI RARA 986 A moitern miracle of missions, working in the heart of a Japanese, and leading him to rescue criminals among his countrymen.

WHAT THE JAPANESE ARE READING . • . . . . . . . . . • . . . . By S. H. WAINRIGHT 991 The oharacturistics of the Japanese and their interests as shown in the type of literature from which they receive their education anil ideals.

OPPORTUNITY FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCA'frON IN JAPAN By C. K. LIPPARD 996 Evidences of mental hunger in Japan anil wOl){,s in which <Jh.ristian teaohers are supplying the Med.

THE WOMEN OF THE SUDAN …………… _…… By MRs. DAVID S. OYLER 999 ChOJracteristics and customs of the dark-skinneit, Mohammedan WOmen of Upper Egypt, showing their need of the Gospel.

THE STORY OF NYAKEIRU ..•……..•…….. By MRs. JOSEPHINE E. ;HOPE 1002 A girl of Bri.tish East Africa and her life before and after she came in contact with Christian missionaries.

RECENT SUNDAY-SCHOOL PROGRESS .. _……………… By W. C. PEARCE 1004 The forward m.ovements in all parts of the world since the Tokyo conve"tinn.

OUR.BROTHER, THE JEW …………•…………….. JAMES TOOKER FORD 1006 The un·Christian neglect of our Hebrew neighbors and ways in which they may be brought into touch with Christ.

BEST METHODS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 1009 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN . EDITED BY MES. HENEY W. PEABODY 1017 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 1021 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………..•.•..••.•.••…..•••• 1024 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARy ……………………………………… . 1039 INDEX FOR THE YEAR 1923 ………………………………………• 1045 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Willam I. Chamberlain, Vice-President Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary Walter McDougall. Treasurer Publication office, 3d & Reily Sts., Harrisburg, Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 a year New York City Entered as second-class matter at the Post Office, Harrisburg, Pa., under Act of March 3.. 1879. ,-ate ~out ~bri5tma5 ~lbiulJ €ount Write for 0 … Xmaa Catalogue (free) which Can You is packed full of helpful Gift Su""eationo Follow the Afford to Miss S. S. Lesson$ with our 1924 QCfjristian QCaltnbar what you find in The Sunday School Times in every issue in its Lesson Helps FEATURES alone ?-and many take the Times for its other rich departments. On the Interna- S.S~LeQOOnaand tional Uniform Lessons- Daily Readings Carefully choe.en Dr. Griffith-Thomas tel[t for eo.ch day, formerly of Oxford, England, now one of Family Worsbip Portio.. :o~ertih:'sle:::~!~S~n~!~rze~ea~~~h. shows 12 Beautiful EngraviDgB FRONTISPIECE Ridgway's Busy Men's Corner "Help Lord or gives men a Christian ironmaster's under- I Periah" standing of the Bible.

By Plockhlnl Getting Started in Class in the Finest Color by Howard A. Banks, shows how to gr-ip Work Possible from the beginning. 30 Cent. Each Cartoons That Capture 4 for $1.00 12 fa. $2.75 have made Dr. E. J. Pace famous the 25 fo'$5.00 50 fo.$9.50 world around. 100 fa. $17.00 Lewis Sperry Chafer CARRIAa£ PAID ldoal for a CJuishp••r Mew Year Gill Ag.nla Further reductions on larger quantities noW shows you God's own prophecies in Wanted Ideal (or Pasllrs and Teaders to use as Gifts the lessons. in. every Church EVANG.ELICAL PUBLISHERS Fountain Pen Little Jets 859 College Ave., TORONTO, Canada those inimitable outline creatures of a f:~~ds'bi"~~e a;'d Sy~~~g; ar:ndafi:I~,S~~: Fellows" omora5k, es you eager to face your class of"

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This noted author, who created The Whole Bihle Course a nation-wide senscttion by his books:-"The Crisis in Church and CoHege/l and,"The Modern of the Christian· ·Fundamentals Association Conflict Over the BibJe,"- the. is also ful1,.. treated each week in impact of which was felt in many educational centeJ's in America and abroad. has again done a servlce of great value to Chris~ tians of every name. Dr. A. C. Dixon, who reviewed the Ms. of his new book. said: "This is which, true to the wl!Ole Bible … the in- fe.llible Word of God, and the '.hod blood of your greatest work," Christ as the, O.nly wa.y of salvation, is a.n Rev. Dr. Floyd Tomkins of 'e'V'ery-w~ek interdenomina.ttonal journal for the Holy Tri.ity, Phila.• Pa.• says of it: "I have studied Mr adnlts In Bible study ~nd tee.chlng, Sunday- 'school management and the Christian McPherson's with much is one of the books of the life and sexvice. , ~ oe~ simple enough 'fOT the The subscripti9n nte is $2.00 per accurate This book year. In clubs of five or more .' copies, either to sep~rate ad~ outstanding 1~e~~~8~ddri~ss:'$~~~~age of Christ as 37 featured as each per yea,r. ,,'.a !h~rmi!g. met manner. goo ol§.~ THE SUNDAY SCHOOL TIMES. COMl'ANY ~~dy~~s::n a co,npen,lium Box 1550, l'h1ladelph1.., 1'1..

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EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1923 NUMBER XLVI TWELVE THE COMING STUDENT VOLUNTEER CONVENTION T HIRTY-SEVEN years ago, the Student Volunteer Movement was founded at Mount Hermon, Massachusetts. Since that time, they have enlisted thousands of recruits for foreign missions and have helped to stir up the Church at home to support these recruits by prayers and gifts.

The ninth International Convention of the Movement will be held in the Cadle Tabernacle, Indianapolis, Indiana, from Friday, December 28, 1923 to Tuesday, January 1, 1924. About six thousand delegates are expected from the colleges, universities and technical schools of the United States and Canada. The delegations will be made up from the students who have been positive factors in the Christian life of their institutions. At the Des Moines Convention in 1920, there was 6,890 delegates from 949 institutions.

The purpose of this Convention is to bring together those who look upon Jesus Christ as the Lord and Saviour of men, the Hope of individuals and of the race, and who make the proclamation of His message and the extension of His sway throughout the world their great aim in life.

The program of the Convention opens with addresses on present-day social, political, racial and industrial problems, followed by group discussions on these topics and the .relation of the Christian l:nissionary enterprise to them. Then will follow the consideration of separate mission fields; the missionary message; the call for recruits and their preparation, and the results of world-wide Christian missions. A great missionary exhibit will consist of maps, pictures, books and magazines relating to missions. The speakers will include men and women of international reputation and native Christian leaders from the great mission fields.

The Student Volunteer Movement has already been used to accomplish great things for the Kingdom of God and its past conventions have been remarkable under the leadership of such men as 960

Robert P. Wilder, John R. Mott, Robert E. Speer and Fennell P. Turner. They have not only awakened missionary enthusiasm but have greatly deepened spiritual life and stimulated personal Christian service and consecrated giving both among students and older laymen.

Today, the conditions, in Church and society, are very different from those that confronted us in the early days of the Movement. Then the whole Church needed to be aroused to the ~issionary responsibility, the foreign missionary enterprise was on the defensive, the student body had scarcely been touched, and ignorance of moral and spiritual conditions in foreign lands was appalling. Today, through conventions, literature, travel, political movements and great catastrophes, the world has been brought near to all except the most hopelessly narrow, unchristian and provincial. Facts as to the needs of men and the results of missionary work have enlisted the sympathy and cooperation of the leading laymen and women in all 'classes of society. Giving has greatly increased and the whole program is considered on a broader scale. There are many reasons for thankfulness and encouragement.

. At the same time, there are grave dangers and additional reasons for earnest study and prayer.

1. The very success and popularity of foreign missions involve danger lest the work be undertaken too lightly and by those not called of God and fitted spiritually for it.

2. The larger incomes of missionary societies (still too small to meet the need) involve a danger lest money be spent too freely on expensive institutions that do not produce proportionate spiritual results. .

3. The spread of mqdern civilization involves a danger lest-the missionary life become too comfortable, losing its pioneer quality, and lest volunteers be attracted to it for other reasons than their desire to bring Christ and His Gospel to those who do not know Him.

4. Modern rationalistic and socialistic ideas have permeated colleges' and technical schools to such an extent that there is. constant danger lest merely huma.nitarian motives lead men into the mission field and lest they there attempt to save men for this life only and by a denatured Gospel, while they offer no Flure remedy for sin and no 'adequate basis for a Christ life, character and service., The real Gospel, which is the" power of God unto salvation," is in danger of being sidetracked to a secondary place or left out altogether.

5. The study of non-Christian religions has led to the discovery of many beautiful ideals in them that have failed to save their devotees fiomsin and failure. This discovery has led some to give up belief in the necessity for accepting Christ and His Gospel as offering the only Way of Life.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

The need for missions has not changed-the wages of sin is death today, as in Apostolic days, and all men need God's way of life as revealed in Ohrist. The basis of the call for recruits is the same –the commission of Christ to His disciples to preach the Gospel to every creature. The missionary message has not changed-it is the free gift of Eternal Life for this world and through eternity to those who accept Jesus Ohrist as divine Saviour and Lord. The power on which we must depend for success has not changed-it is the power of the Holy Spirit, working through those who obey God, to transform them and to make their lives fruitful. The reward for consecrated missionary work at home or abroad is the same-it is the approval of our Lord, the joy of service to man and the consciousness of having been used to help carry out the great program of Christ for the world.

Pray for The Student VOl1tnteer Convention.

OONFERENOE FOR BETTER CITIZENSHIP T HE -Christian's citizenship is in Heaven. His primary re- sponsibility and loyalty are to God-but while we are on earth, we have also a duty toward human rulers and toward our fellowmen. The clear teaching of the New Testament is that followers of Christ shall so live as to help and not hinder the temporal and spiritual progress of their fellows. God has set mankind in families; He has given laws to govern our relationships, laws such as harmonize with our best good, and He has taught principles of righteousness, love and service that, if carried out, would make a Heaven on earth.

The recent Citizenship Conference at Washington, D. C. (October 13 to 15) was Ohristian in spirit if not in name. About one thousand men and women gathered from all parts of the country to consider ways in which A.merica may be made a better country and exert a better influence on the world. Churches, welfare organizations and other bodies were represented. The main topic was "How to Secure Better Law Enforcement," including that of the Eighteenth Amendment.

The evils of strong drink are evident in politics, in industry and in society in general. The introduction of the law against its manufacture, transportation or sale was for the benefit of mankind and the enforcement of the law in most parts of the country has helped greatly to lessen intemperance, poverty, vice and crime. At the same time a spirit of lawlessness has been revealed and the disregard of the law has had an especially baneful effect on American youth -not only in intemperance, but in dishonesty, vice and crime. It was the aspiration of Lincoln that "reverence for law might become the political religion of the nation." Those who disregard the

Eighteenth Amendment would make an exception in the case of any law they personally dislike to obey.

A large number of influential public-spirited citizens spoke at the Washington Conference. Governor Pinchot of Pennsylvania and President Coolidge are strongly urging the full observance and en- forcement of the law and the chief state executives have promised their cooperation to this end.

The following recommendations were among those adopted at the Conference: 1. We recommend that the spirit and purpose of this conference be conserved and promoted by the creation of a committee of one thousand, composed of representative men and women who will give their whole-hearted support to the plans and program adopted.

2. The Conservation Committee is specifically instructed, in such cooperation with other agencies as may be practicable, to organize union law; enforcement mass meetings and conferences in twenty or more of the great centers of the- nation, at the earliest possible dates. In each of these mass meetings, the existing agencies shall be requested to arrange for village, town and city law enforcement meetings with programs which shall as far as possible. parallel in spirit and in method.

3. We recommend that the Conservation Committee· confer with the presidents of schools, colleges and universities, concerning the presentation of this great question to the student body of our country by carefully selected speakers.

4. We recommend that the Committee consider the advisability of making a nation-wide call that the second Sunday in Jannary of the coming year be observed as Prohibition and Law Enforcement Day; that programs be prepared by churches and other organizations committed to the high ideals of Chistian patriotism for the use of Sunday-schools and Young People's Societies; that sermons be preached and united mass meetings held. Particularly do we appeal to the preachers and to all other religiou~ workers.

5. We recommend that a united community campaign be organized in every village, town and city to support· aggressively the local, state and federal authorities in the enforcement of all laws, particularly the Eighteenth Amendment, the Volstead Act and all other supporting legislation.

The greatest need is for adequate education and the extension of Christian principles to overcome intemperance and lawlessness. In homes, churches, and schools, precept and example must teach obedience to divine and human laws. Community conferences, in cooperation with permanent temperance and good citizenship agencies, should promote prohibition and law enforcement educational campaigns, directed toward building sound public sentiment along the following lines; a. The temperance training of youth through instruction of all pupils in all public schools in the nature and effects of alcoholic beverages. Such instruction is required by the school laws of practically every state but may be neglected. Training to total abstinence and law o~servance in Sunday-schools and other organizations for youth also is vital.

b. Widespread dissemination of the underlying reasons for prohibition which brought about the Eighteenth Amendment.

c. Unceasing and systematic information to the public as to the authentic benefits of prohibition through press, pulpit, platform and personal testimony. This effort should include correction of false statements.

d. Information and arousement of all citizens as to their responsibility for observance of law; statements of the concrete methods by which they may assist in law enforcement.

e. Promotion of city-wide campaigns to bring the truths concerning beverage alcohol, prohibition and law enforcement to the foreign language speaking population. Preparation for foreign language newspapers and journals of special material.

f. The use of moving pictures which may be installed on vans and at a comparatively small expenditure made available to the Yarger cities. Demonstration and exhibit booths and literature and speakers at county and state fairs. Law enforcement expositions organized by the cooperative agencies.

The real issue before the American people is not-Shall the Eighteenth Amendment and the Volstead I-Iaw be modified or repealed ~ It is-Shall the law be nullified by a law-defying minority~ The issue involves far more than the enforcement of prohibition. It strikes at the heart of free government. Can American democracy protect its institutions and perpetuate itseln The Conference offered a strong challenge to those who are opposed to the' Eighteenth Amendment to come out into the open, and repeal the Amendment if they can and to observe it until they can. "Hip-pocket guardians of personal liberty" are teaching the doctrine of qualified allegiance to established law. The American people should see to it that only those men are elected to public office who, in the words of Lincoln, will neither violate, in the slightest particular, the laws of the land, nor tolerate their violation by others. Lawmakers should not be lawbreakers. Grave responsibility rests upon the courts to compel obedience on the part of those who by open violation are bringing the administration of justice into disrepute. We urge upon the federal and state judges the need of more stringent action on the part of the courts to prevent the law's delays and of extreme penalties for persistent offenders, to compel the law-breaker to cease his lawlessness, and to arouse in the cynical and indifferent a new respect for law. The powerful influence of the press, through its editors, artists and reporters should be used to command respect for law; and its news columns, its editorial pages, or its cartoons and illustrations should not be used to hold up to ridicule and contempt our Constitution. Our homes, our schools and our universities must instill a respect for law into the hearts and minds of the youth of today who are to be the citizens of tomorrow. Our churches must preach the practice of unselfish loyalty.

GOING FORWARD IN TURKEY T HE success of the Angora Government in regaining posses- sion of Constantinople, compelling American and European governments to give up extra-territorial rights in Turkey, eliminating the Armenians from consideration, and gaining full

independence for Turkey, may mark a new era in Christian missionary work among the Turks.

In past years, the Turks have been driven to permit Christian work in their domain, but it has been, for the most part, confined to the Christian populations~Armenians, Syrians and Greeks. Few Turks have attended Christian schools and fewer yet have received the Gospel of Christ. Now, foreign missionaries will no longer belong to 'a privileged class, and may suffer new hardships and increased opposition. But from the beginning of Christianity, the messengers of the Gospel have not been promisel immunity from persecution, and the blessing of God has accompanied those who have – – endured hardness as good soldiers of Jesus Christ. The Turk and L OuuplfJdSta~_ FOIIIMt'Saatltnt. _ _ _ NDm~WunderUued selLE or IoIIILES , ._1108111.0 other Moslems are not excluded from the number of those to whom the Gospel must be preached, and the promise of the presence and power of Christ is to those who go out to preach His Gospel. It is not sufficient to feed the hungry in Turkey or to heal the sick and educate the ignorant~we must also preach the Gospel to all.

The attitude of the present Turkish Government toward Christian work is shown by the fact, just reported, that Dr. Lorrin A.

Shepard, of Aintab, has been ordered to close the Azariah Smith Memorial Hospital and to give up his practice of medicine and surgery in Turkey. When the work opened last year hopes ran high, for patients had increased rapidly, Dr. Kalpakian, the mission eyespecialist, had gained an enviable reputation, :finances had been put upon a sounder basis, and evangelistic work had been strengthened.

At the recent meeting of the American Board of Commissioners

EDITORIAL COMMENTS ·971

for Foreign Missions, held in Springfield, Massachusetts (October :L9), the question of the future of missions in Turkey was considered and the following resolutions were adopted: 1. The .American Board recognizes and accepts its unique responsibility for missionary work in Turkey and proposes to carry it forward as rapidly as circumstances permit, 2. The American Board recognizes and accepts its responsibility towards the refugees from Turkey now in Greece, Syria, and the Caucasus. It pro- poses to continue its aid in maintaining the moral and spiritual ideals of these stricken peoples in their exile. .

3. The American Board commends the earnest faith and courage of its missionaries in the Near East which prompts them to plan for a large advance both among the peoples of Turkey and the exiles. While it is. not practical to fully carry out these plans at present, the Board recognizes the work as established and important and equally worthy of consideration as that in any of its mission :fields.

Turkey has been proclaimed a Republic, with Mustapha Kemal, Pasha, as the first President. He is given large powers and is unfriendly to Christian missions but if the Church of Christ accepts the challenge· of the Turk, and determines to go forward with the program of Christ in Turkey, a new era of blessing may come and many followers of Mohammed will become followers of the Lord Jesus Christ.

CHINA'S NEED FOR CHRISTIAN EVANGELISM SO much has been written about the success of Christian missions in China that many do not realize that the great need of the people has scarcely been touched. We forget that, with four times the population of the United States, China has less than one- thirtieth the number of ordained Christian preachers (foreign and Chinese) that there are in America. Vast areas are still untouched and millions of Chinese have never yet so much as heard of Christ. Two thirds of the Protestant missionary forces and one third of the Chinese Christian workers are located in cities with populations of 50,000 or over.

About three fourths of the total territory of China has been accepted by Protestant missions as their responsibility, but much of it is not occupied, even inadequately. In one third of this territory the people are still more than fifty miles from any evangelistic center. Add to this the territory of 437,000 square mile$ (larger than the Atlantic States from Maine to Florida)not even claimed, and we have nearly one half of China out of reach of the Gospel message. One fourth of China proper still remains unclaimed by any Protestant mission or Chinese Christian society while Manchuria, Mongolia, Sinkiang, Kohonor, Chwanpien and Tibet are practically unentered. At the same time, the yearly increase of the non-Christian population by birth in China is larger than the present total number

of Christian adherents (Protestant and Catholic)! China increases by about four million births a year while the increase of even nominal Christians is less than fifty thousand a year.

INTERDiENOMINATIONAL .MISSIONARY AGENCIES A NEW missionary organization that is not duplicating the work of other societies but is endeavoring to supplement their activi- ties and to prepare for advance, is the "Pioneer Mission Agency,"* established "to learn and publish the need and to forward workers and means to other organizations for pioneer work." The Agency is especially active at present in surveying neglected fields among the Indians in Latin America. The Field Secretary and General Secretary have recently visited Mexico and Central America and Rev. Howard B. Dinwiddie is now taking an extensive journey into northwestern Brazil and the neighboring countries.

In Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil are millions of unevangelized Indians. Mr. Dinwiddie hopes to discover the facts that will interest Christians in practical plans for work among them. Volunteer workers and funds will then be sought and an effort will be made to enlist the cooperation of societies that may be able to take up the work.

A number of interdenominational missionary agencies have become well established in America, some of which, like the China Inland Mission, cooperate with existing denominational boards and do not seek to establish new sects in the mission fields. Others, like the Christian Missionary Alliance, practically work on a denominational basis. Ten mission agencies have formed an Interdenominational Association.t These are the following: Africa Inland Mission, Bolivian Indian Mission, Bible Rouse of Los Angeles, China Inland Mission, Central American Mission, Evangelical Union of South America, Inland South America Missionary Union, South Africa General Mission, Sudan Interior Mission, and the Woman's Union Missionary Society.

This Association has been formed in order that each mission may benefit by the experience and cooperation of the others. It would be well if the candidates for these societies could all be thoroughly trained and given practical experience in some evangelical missionary training school. The commission of our Lord to evangelize all nations should enlist everyone ofRis followers in the work but there is ample room for differences of administration unified under the same Lord and working in the power of the same Spirit.

·The headquarters are at 80-82 Stafford Building, 1114 Chestnut Street. Philadelphia. Omears -J. Harvey Borton. Chairm<zn; B. F. Gulp, Treasurer; H. B. DinWiddie, GeneraZ Secreta'rY.

tThe officers are Rev. Henry W. Frost, American Seoretary of the C. I. M., Presidr:mt; Mr. Paul H. Graef, Vice-presid.en.t.. and Rev. .Joseph A. Davis, Secretary-Tre~wrer. Th1;lir headquarte~ are at 113 Fulton Street, New York.

WIVES OF GENERAL FENG'S OFFICERS LEARNING USEFUL

General Feng and Social Service BY MRS. JONATHAN GOFORTH, KIKUNGSHAN, HONAN, OHINA Missionary of the Presbyterian Chnrch in Canada, 1888· CHINA'S Christian Gene.ral believes in social service from the bottom of his great, sympathetic heart. But he does not bp.- lieve in divorcing social service from its instigator and source of power-Jesus Christ. While in Kaifeng, the capital of Honan, last October and November, we saw the city placarded from end to end with pictures and writings, all bearing on truths for the uplift of the people both spiritually and morally.. While General Feng improved the roads, public lighting and such matters, he also turned his attention to the poor, destitute, old men and women begging on the streets. He had a large temple emptied of its idols and prepared for the accommodation of these wretched creatures. Food was given them twice daily and preachers appointed to preach daily the Gospel of salvation for their souls. One of the first things that the new governor did after General Feng left was to order all these poor people out, in spite of the coming winter, and the idols replaced because "his mother wished to worship the gods!" An industrial school for women was started which gave employment to many and lessened the multitude of those who were living on "the ragged edge of ruin." Arrangements were made with the missionaries to do 973

Christian work among these women and night schools were arranged for men and boys. , In the army also, there were many signs of the highest ideals of Christian social service that were being carried out. Soldiers were tnught trades while, at the same time, the spiritual teaching of the men was kept prominent in the army routine. Four Christian chap- lains are kept working at high pressure arranging Bible classes and other meetings. On Sundays from fifteen to twenty services are held in different parts of the camp.

General Feng's pet project seems to be the school for his offi- cers' wives and children. This, I was told, he supports entirely him- self. The children are taught from kindergarten up as in other schools and the women attend classes for reading, writing, etc., in the fore- noon and the afternoon is given to industrial work. Forty sewing machines aTe in constant use on which these the women make undergarments for the soldiers.

Instruction in "First Aid" is given by the lady missionary who is in charge of Christian instruc- Used ~~ t,,~!:~7r;;1~~T~~us~~eS~:RJapan tion. Forty of these soldiers'

wives were recently baptized.

During the slack New Year season, when the soldiers were most likely to be restless for home, General Feng arranged an open-air theatre for his men, and here was combined hearty amusement with Christian teaching and morality. All the scenes were arranged and acted by the soldiers themselves. From the constant and hearty applause this unique theatre certainly seemed to be a great success!

Undoubtedly one of the reasons why General Feng has the love of his men is that he thinks for them as a father for his children!

The same Christian spirit of service and pity for others is becoming evident in some of his officers. General Chang Chih-chiang, while in command of the brigade stationed at rrunghsien, near Peking, last winter, had the Christians of Tunghsien canvass the city shortly before Christmas for the names of all destitute people. On Christ- mas Day, he sent to each a gift of some pounds of corn meal from the Christian soldiers! Had a whirlwind struck Tunghsien it could hardly have causJ;)d more stir. For till then the people connected soldiers only with war, rapine, theft, pillage, and oppression.

Colonel Hsu (or Shih) and his wife had had several children,

GENERAL FENG AND SOCIAL SERVICE

all of whom died. When he was put in charge of the arsenal at Kaifeng with a fairly good salary, he and his wife determined to keep only enough for their bare needs and to spend the remainder in starting and supporting a school for the wives and children of the arsenal employees. The story of their work is one of the most beautiful I have ever heard. When called to leave Kaifeng, the Colonel handed over the entire school equipment to the Baptist Mis- sion and also left a sum of money as endowment for the support of a teacher.

China is passing through a time of "troubled seas" such as the oldest missionaries now in China have never before known even in the Boxer days. The political chaos and military disruption affect the Christian army as a matter of course. The Government gave definite promise to General Feng of support if he came to Peking but these promises have not been kept. The thirty thousand troops now under the Christian General have had barely sufficient to keep them from st.arving and have had nothing to send to their needy wives and children at home. Other armies in China have broken loose and have pillaged long before being tested as these soldiers; yet we are told that the discipline in the Christian army remains as perfect as if all the men were being paid to the fulL What would British or American soldiers do if left to starve by their GovernmentT Though the clouds hanging over China were never darker than now, yet there are gleams through the darkness brighter than any we have ever seen. We therefore take hope and go forward.

Moral slackness, as revealed in financial dealings, failure to dis- tinguish between truth and falsehood, toleration of superstition, dalliance with the evils of gambling, intemperance and polygamy.

The weakness of the missions as revealed in unwise selection and training of missionaries. race prejudice, sectarianism and petty jealousies, failures of adaptation in architecture, manners and temperament, forms or worship, unwise use of money and domineering of the mission by the missionary.

As revealed in personal failures in Christian living, in the perception and proclamation of the Message, failing to perc€ive and sypport the existing good outside of the Church, emphasizing nonessentials, appealing to self-interest rather than challenging to service, and disunity.

A few months ago, a statement was published in American papers as a cable from China. to the effect that General Feng had been excommunicated from the Christian Church by a body of his fellow..Christians on accoupt of certain irregularities in connection with the deposition of President Ll Yuan Hung. Word has been received from Dr. George L. Davis, Secretary of the North China Mission of tba Methodist Episcopal Church, of whl"h Geneml Feng is a member, to the effect that this story is e.ntirely without tounda.tton. In fact, no. such IIlle€'Ung as that l'el,)Ortad In the cable dispatch was ever held In the Y. M. C. A. ot Tientsin. General Feng has JlIJI,lly enem.ies 'Who 'Would be very much pleased it they could prove any substantial accusation against him. One of the grlev&nces brought up by hls enemlea comes trom the facot that the General aSked the Government tor money to pay his soldiers wb) are nearly a year in arrears in the amount due them.-EDITOR.

Missionary Education of Children*

BY SOPIDA LYON FAHS, NEW YORK H OW closely is the child's missionary education related to religious education 7 Is missionary education something to be added in order to promote an enterprise, or is it an essen- tial part of religious training V Should our controlling purpose be the child's religious growth, or should it be the raising of money for a cause 7 Should missionary societies decide first how much and to what objects they wish children to give, and then tell the children facts which will stir them to give, or should they first ask what kind of information concerning missions will yield the richest results in character building, and then study how they may direct the child's resulting natural desire for activity so that it will really count for good in this world of need '{ Personally, I am ready to defend the proposition that missionary information should never be given to children with the primary object of raising money. I realize that it is easier for a camel to go through a needle's eye than for a missionary society to forego the money aim in its dealing with children. For the sake of the Kingdom of God in which impossible things are done; however, I believe that the religious educational aim should control. My reasons are as follows: 1. If at the outset we decide how much and to what we think our children should give, then by the narrowness of our aim we limit the. character and the amount of the instruction we may give the children. The material we choose may not contain the facts which would most interest them, or which would give them what would result in the greatest contribution to their spiritual growth. By the narrowness of our aim, we also lose the opportunity of putting missionary teaching directly into the curriculum of the Sunday-school. It must forever remain as an extra to be introduced incidentally.

2. My second reason for believing that the educational, rather than the money aim should control is that the financial resources of children are small. If money be the object of our work, the same amount of energy devoted to adults would yield far larger financial returns.. We may not entirely disregard the contributions of the children, since in one denomination alone the Sunday-schools give yearly about one million dollars to missions, although a small proportion of those gifts come from children under twelve or fourteen, 01;l.t of their own allowance or their own earnings. Much of the money given is handed over to the children from their parents. If we were to insist that all the money given by children under four- *Part of an address delivered a few years ago at a Foreign Mission Conference.

976 teen must come out of their allowances or earnings, the results would no doubt be comparatively small.

3. If our purpose is to promote the habit of giving, then our aim is educational, and the amount of money raised must be held as insignificant. We must concern ourselves primarily with the motives, the spirit that prompts the giving. So long as we bring pressure to bear upon teachers of Sunday-school classes and upon leaders of Mission Bands to raise a given amount of money, there is almost certain to be a disregard of the methods by which the money is raised and a careless attitude toward the place from which the money comes.

If we really wish to develop the habit of generosity in children, the first acts of giving must not only be genuine, they must also be enjoyed. It is a psychological law that the first acts in the habit forming process must be accomplished with pleasure. The family horse runs faster when driven homeward than when driven away from home because the homeward journey is associated with the pleasure of rest, shelter and food.

There are parents who, having compelled their children to attend church when young, thinking that thus they would develop the habit of regular church attendance, are disappointed because when their children reached the age of independence they never entered a church. The mistake lies in not knowing that a child's enjoyment of church is essential if going to church is to become a habit.

In developing in children the habit of giving, they must be made to enjoy their first experiences in giving. How then may this be accomplished 7 1. Giving is enjoyed by children when it results spontaneously, when they have vividly pictured concrete situations until they feel them for themselves. This is frequently done through a series of related stories which are discus'sed and dramatized by the children or presented through various forms of hand work on the sand table. After such intimate acquaintance with a concrete situation, giving comes as a relief to the child's feeling of sympathy and he enjoys it.

2. The child enjoys feeling that his giving is the result of his own choice. If a given cause for which he himself does not particularly care has been imposed upon him, he feels that he has been over urged, or must give because others are doing so, and he is robbed of the joy of giving.

3. If the child can follow his gifts and see that the results have been good, he experiences joy. Let us provide a means of contact between the giver and the recipient of the gift. This is one phase of what it really means to subordinate a money aim to an educational aim in our missionary education.

In brief outline let me suggest three important ways in which missionary material may contribute to the development of religious and Christian character in our children.

2

1. A study of missionary material tends to enlarge the child's sympathies and his appreciation of other human folks. The child's experiences with other people are very limited. Missionary material may give him something akin to what travel might do. A wider ac- quaintance with folks softens prejudice, and develops a brotherly spirit. This broader stretch of the sympathies also tends to develop a sense of varied needs and creates the desire to help.

2. The stories of missionary heroes, native and foreign, by the power of example, leads the child to live a life of greater unselfishness, to undergo hardship and to persevere in difficult undertakings for the sake of service; to have greater faith in God's protection and a keener sense of obedience to duty. Through presenting strong virtues in vivid and concrete form in the lives of real heroes, missionary stories inspire the child to imitate the good.

3. Missionary stories, especially those that present contrastirig pictures of the results of non-Christian faiths, and the transformations which Christianity brings, enrich the child's appreciation of :t loving.God, of Jesus and of His teachings. The child appreciates Jesus far better when he learns what human folks have been and done who have never known Him.

If we set before ourselves such worthy aims as these, and free ourselves of the money motives, then we make possible cooperation. We can all work together upon the essentials and leave the less important denominational phases of the enterprise to be taught when the children have reached their later teens. The juvenile mission books are of an inter-denominational character. We should advance, however, still farther and make all our literature for children, our books, our pamphlets, and our magazines for the use of all the ('hurches. It will mean greater economy and greater efficiency.

It is of no concern to the child whether a given missionary hero be a Baptist or a Presbyterian. It is neither democratic nor Christian to teach him only or even mainly of the heroes of one branch of the Church. Nor should he be deprived of learning about the work in Turkey and Egypt simply because he may not happen to be a Congregationalist or a United Presbyterian. If in our work with children we surrender the purpose to extend denominational propaganda, we are then free to choose the best material that is available in the work of all denominations.

No large missionary program of education can be promoted without the closest cooperation between the Sunday-school and the missionary societies. This is part of the work of the Church's school of religious education, which is called the Sunday-school. Hitherto, missionary education has almost entirely been a thing incidental to the work of the Sunday-school. We must make it a vital part of the child's religious education, carried on by that organization which should be worthy of its name.

AND PUPILS OF BANGKOK CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

Recent Progress in Siam BY REV. R. O. FRANKLIN, BANGKOK, SIAM Missionary of the Presbyteria.n Church, U. s. A.

SlAM is a country that has never been brought prominently before the world and many people in America know very little about it. They may have heard of the "Land of the White Elephant" or the "Siamese Twins" but that is about the extent of their knowledge.

Siam is at the southern extremity of the vast continent of Asia, sandwiched in between French Cambodia and Anam on the East, and British Burma on the West. It is one of the small independent countries of Asia, but has lost considerable territory to France and England within the last few years. It is nearly 1/200 miles long from north to south, and about 500 miles wide in its widest part, and the area is nearly 220,000 square miles or about equal in size to the six New England States, plus New: York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Ohio. It is as large as Japan and Chosen combined.

The climate is tropical; the seasons are two, the wet and the dry. From November to May scarcely a cloud obscures the sky, and from November to February the weather is delightful. Physically, Siam is greatly diversified. The north isa land of mountains and valleys and rushing streams, one of the mqst beautiful regions in the world. The eastern part is table-land; the central is a large alluvial plain; and the soutpern part is a mountainous peninsula.

979

The people belong to the Tai or Shan race, whose original home was in central and southern China. They are not Chinese, being more nearly allied to the Aryan raCes than to the Mongolians. Sta- tistics are not altogether reliable, but it is estimated that in Siam proper there are about 10,000,000 Tai people, and in southern China, l<'rench territdry on the east and British territory on the west, there are another 10,000,000, making a total of 20,000,000 or more of the Tai race.

The Siamese lack the persistence and. industry of the Ohinese, though a marked growth along these lines during the last few years, is very evident. The climate begets indolence and prolific Nature readily supplies most of man's necessities. The people need little clothing, and no fuel except for cooking. Fish are easily caught, and tropical fruits and vegetables grow with little or no cultivation.

Houses can be built in a few days, at practically no cost, out of the ever-present bamboo.

Under these circumstances, we marvel, not that the people are so backward, but that they have made improvements which cannot be paralleled in any other Asiatic country, unless it is Japan.. In China and the Philippines foreigners are largely responsible for the many wonderful improvements; but in Siam improvements are for the most part the result of native efforts due largely to the influence (f Christian ideals. Bangkok and other cities have miles of good roads and beautiful broad avenues, which are a great contrast to the narrow gutter-like roads of China. The well kept lawns and beautiful public buildings, from one end of the kingdom to the other, are a constant surprise to the traveler. Telephones and telegraphs extend everywhere, so that we may send messages to loved ones in the home- land from most any point in the Kingdom. The government postal system is a credit to any country. Free, well kept public schools are spreading to every part of the realm. In 1899, a royal decree made Sunday a legal holiday. Bangkok used to be called the Venice of the East, but its good roads, with every conceivable form of modern con- veyance, are causing the old and slow method of travel by boat to become obsolete. When they first began to build railroads an old Siamese Christian said, "They will never be a success in Siam, for it will take all their earnings to pay guards to protect the rails and ties from thieves." Now railroads run from the capital to every part of the kingdom.

The Siamese are eager to learn, and not only flock to our mis- sion schools, but many of the more ambitious go abroad to study.

England has been the favorite country for foreign education but now larger numbers are coming to America every year. Eight young people came over with me when I last returned, three of whom were girls in their early teens, sent by the Queen Mother to prepare for medical work among the women of Siam. •

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

Siam is one of the most difficult mission fields on earth. It is the stronghold of Buddhism. No other country can show so many gorgeous temples, or such an army of priests. The Government re- ports one of these wonderful temples to every 1,185 of the population, and one yellow robed Buddhist priest to about every 50 of the popu- lation. Until a few years ago no one was allowed to hold govern- ment office till he had spent at least three months in the priesthood.

'Ve are thankful that today many of the most important offices in the government service are held by Christian boys and by graduates from the Bangkok Christian Col- lege. A few years ago a new de- partment, Commerce and Statis- tics, was opened and for the first time in the history of the kingdom a competitive examination was held. Nai Sadap, one of our most devoted Christians, a teacher in the Bangkok Christian College, entered the contest, and secured the second best grade out of near- ly one hundred contestants. '1'0- day he is the head of the depart- ment. The man who stood highest had had four years of study in England.

The Government and business A ~'ORMER S'l'UDE N1' OF BANGKOK CHRISfirms realize that there is a stamp TIAN COLLEGE; NOW HIGHLY of honesty and true manhood upon HONORED IN GOVERNMENT CIRCLES our boys that is worth securing. vVe are besieged with letters asking for the members of the graduating classes from Bangkok Christian College, and offering them salaries far above what they would receive as mission school teachers and Christian helpers, but nevertheless a sufficient number of our earnest Christian young men stand by us to fill all the vacancies in our teaching staff, and to supply all Christian workers that we can support.

Siam is also distinctively a Presbyterian mission field, made so by an agreement between the different denominational Boards. Sta- tistics show, however, that it is one of the poorest manned fields in the world. China, although having forty times the population of Siam, has one ordained Pr9testant missionary to every 321,287 people. Japan has one ordained Protestant missionary to every 192,955; India, one to every 208,719 of her population; Africa, the great dark Continent, one to every n,782, while Siam and Indo-China have only one ordained Protestant missionary to every, 797,428 of

the population. With these odds against us, it is not surprising that the work moves very slowly. If we could supply Siam with an ade- quate number of Ohristian missionaries, I believe that in a few years we would see results as wonderful as in Korea. Siam is open for the Gospel of Jesus Ohrist today as she has never been before.

The Siamese soldiers coming back from the great World War have opened the country to Ohristian and American influences in a most wonderful way. They came back saying, "The American sol- diers were true gentlemen. If the American boy had anything to eat, the hungry Siamese boys always got the larger portion. If they were cold, the American boy divided his blanket with them. If they were homesick, the American boy tried to cheer them up. If their truck was stuck in the mud or in a shell hole, the American boy helped them out." Siam is ripe for American Ohristian influences.

Regular organized mission work, under the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, began in Siam about seventy-four years ago and the first Presbyterian church was organized on August 29,1849, the membership of the church being made up entirely of the mis- sionary families. It was another ten years before there were any Siamese converts to gladden the hearts of the missionaries.

In the early days of Ohristian missionary effort, the attitude of the Siamese Government was decidedly hostile. When au embassy from America arrived in March, 1850, to open friendly negotiations with a view to a treaty, the King refused to receive it. The mis- sionaries were not subjected to personal violence, but the unfriendly attitude of the Government and higher classes was so well known, that obstacles confronted the little band on every side. No Siamese landlord dared to rent or sell them property, and the missionaries were often in great need of suitable shelter.

Fifty years ago, as the number of converts grew, many of them were cruelly treated, even to imprisonment. Today, there are nearly 10,000 converts, many of whom are in positions of influence. The late King once said to the American Minister, "I am always glad to encourage the American missionaries, for I know they are the truest and best friends to me and my people." The late King and the present King, together with members of the royal family have given large sums of money toward the support of Ohristian institutions.

It is a common saying among the Siamese, wrhe Americans are the only foreigners who are here just for the good of our country and people." At present three nephews of His Majesty are studying in the Bangkok Ohristian Oollege, and a number of princesses attend the Harriette M. House school for girls. .

Until Ohristian missionaries went to Siam the position of the women was very low. The Harriette M. House school was the first school for girls in the kingdom. It had a slow beginning, but now schools for girls have sprung up all over the country, and today,

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

as a direct result of missionary work, the girls of Siam are taking their places beside their brothers in many lines of work.

Throughout the length and breadth of the land you will find young men and women from the Bangkok Christian College and the Harriette M. House school for girls occupying a large per cent of the most important positions both in government and in commercial life.

Let me introduce you to a few of our Christian workers. Kru· Yuan, the oldest Siamese worker in the Presbyterian mission, was for many years the only native minister in lower Siam. He is faithfulness personified, and besides being an earnest preacher and pastor there is not a coolie in Siam who does any more manual labor than Kru Yuan. He is his own janitor, gardener, and carpenter. Had he entered business or accepted any of the numerous government positions offered him, he could have been a rich man today, but instead he has chosen to serve the First Church in Bangkok for more than thirty years, at a salary of about thirty ticals (or about twelve dollars and a half) per month. He is a remarkable speaker and debater. A number of years ago a strong Buddhist challenged him to a debate on Christianity and Buddhism. Kru ANJ~Jhi?~E c~~I~¥i~~S~Dii3fT~g~NE Yuan won the decision even though the judges were Buddhists. Much of the success of the work among the women of Siam today may be traced back to Kru Yuan's faithful work, for he and his wife were large factors in establishing the Harriette M. House school.

Another wonderful character is Kru Kim Heng, Pastor of the Second Church, which is connected with the girls' school. He was a teacher in the Bangkok Christian College for a number of years, and when the College was moved from the old site down on the river, to the new place up in the city, the people of the community sent in a request that Kim Heng remain at the old place and continue a day school. He did so, and was most successful, not only as head teacher but in bringing his pupils into the Sunday-school and church. For many years almost every child enrolled in his day school was also "Kru Is the Siamese word for teaoher or preacher.

enrolled in the Sunday-school, and through his untiring efforts many were won for Christ. Six years ago, although he had never had any theological course, he was called to take up the pastorate of the Second Church. He is an excellent preacher and much of the strong spiritual influence that is felt in the school is the result of his earnest efforts.

Kru Pluang is a man whom I love as my very own brother. He was a young teacher in the Bangkok Christian College when I first arrived in Siam. He spoke English fluently, was much interested in athletics, is a strong tennis player, has a splendid voice and can play almost any instrument. He continued his work in the College until he was called to the pastorate of the Fourth Church in Bangkok, the church connected with the College. He is a great preacher and pastor and his influence upon the college students is very powerful. At the request of the Christian students, he teaches a large mid-week Bible class in his own home. Kru Pluang has had many offers to take up other lines of work that would mean a salary two or three times the amount he receives as pastor, but he said to me: "I feel that God has called me to do the work I am doing, so better paying positions do not tempt me. " His wife is one of the remarkable women of Siam. She is a graduate of the Harriette M. House school and soon after she had her own home began a school for little children. It has grown till now she has more than two hundred enrolled. In the early days of her school work a number of her patrons came to her in a body and said, "If you do not quit teaching our children so much of your religion, we will take them out of your school." She replied, "Do as you please, but every child that comes to my school will be taught all I can teach them of the religion of Jesus Christ, for I know it is the true religion, and no power on earth can keep me from talking about Him." Very few of the children were taken from her school. .

Nai Noon, ("Nai" is the Siamese word for Mr.), has always been an interesting character. A fight with another young man led him to give his heart to Jesus Christ. He was disowned by his parents as soon as it was known he had become a Christian, but the young man was so earnest and patient that after a few years he was taken back into the home and almost every member of the family has been won. for Christ. During the years of waiting he succeeded in removing the little family god, a little image of Buddha, made from the sacred bho tree and covered all over with gold leaf, to the home of the missionary who by his request carried it to America.

Maa Cham, ("Maa" is Siamese for Miss), is the only daughter of a very wealthy nobleman, who became a Christian some time before she was graduated from the girls' school. She remained as teacher for a number of years, until a call came for some one to go and begin school work for the girls at one of the out stations.

RECENT PROGRESS IN SIAM

When she asked her father's permission to go there, he refused. and demanded that she give up her religion and return home to take care of him. In response to her entreaties he finally said, "Either come home and give up your religion or I will give you up." The girl replied, "Father, I love you most dearly, I am willing to do anything for you, but I cannot give up my Saviour, nor can I give up His work." She was driven from the home and for years all she had to live on was what she could earn from that little girls' school.

I know Df no brighter jewels than many of these Siamese Christians with whom I have had the joy of laboring. This band of faithful souls will continue to exert a Christian influence in the Kingdom of Siam, until, in God's own good time, this little kingdom will be counted among the Kingdoms of our Lord and His Christ. I know of no place where young, energetic, consecrated life could be invested,. that would bring richer dividends than in Ohristian work in Siam.

A GRADUATING CLASS'OF YOUNG MEN FROM BANGKOK CHRISTIAN COLLEGE

A Japanese Christian Among

The story of Taneaki Hwra and his work for prisoners, as told by his son who has been studying sociaZ betterment methods in America.

BY TAlleHI HARA I AM very glad indeed to express our thankfulness for American Missionary, and to tell about my father's life, believing it will interest you. _ '

About fifty years ago the seed sown by Dr. David Thompson, who was one of earliest missionaries to Japan, had grown up in my father's soul. My father's name is Taneaki Hara and our family stood on long tradition. Finally he was baptized a Christian in 1874.

He always prayed for the salvation of his family and our country, but he suffered persecution and fought against anti-Christianity.

There were very few Christians then in Japan. My father did not labor as a preacher but was busy in the works of mining and pub- lishing, especially the latter. In his not-busy hours he sold Bibles and did work as a Christian because he thought that to sell the Bible and other sacred literature, was a means of evangelization.

Suddenly he was arrested on a cold winter morning in 1882, and put in prison for three months, on Ishikawa Island because he put forth pictllres with explanations advocating the principles of liberty.

'When his young wife came to see him off, my father told her that the island prison was very inconvenient to visit, and that it was more important to carryon their work in publishing and mining. He added with tears: "I know it is a very heavy task for you, but I hope you will believe in the help of Jesus."

Listening to his words, she kept quiet with a pale face and fired mind. It seemed that she could not carry such a heavy burden but soon she recovered her courage, reminding herself of some Japanese heroine who was very patient and brave in adversity. So she said to her husband: "I will keep them through all your absence."

Then she turned back to hide her rainy face from her husband and bowed with her heavy burden. My father, who was only eighteen years old at that time, prayed for help from Heaven for my mother.

At that time our prison condition in Japan was antiquated.

There were a few big rooms, and each room kept about one hundred and fifty prisoners, including every kind of criminal. Every room had two or three chiefs, who were the most powerful prisoners.

When a prison officer took my father to a room, one of the chiefs brought him to the center of the room as a custom of initiation. He saw so much earnestness on my father's face that he seemed familiar to him. At first he could not remember when he had seen my father before. So he opened his mouth and asked: "Don't you know me?"

.986 My father replied without hesitation: "I do not know who you are."

The man again said, "Where is your homeT and what was your 'work1"

My father said: "My home is in Kanda, Tokyo, and publishing is my work."

The chief took a small book from his pocket and hastened to say, "Don't you know this book?"

"I know well," my father said, "it is the Bible. I was selling books in my store. "

Thus answering, my father looked upon his face with curiosity.

The chief suddenly sat down there and cried out, saying: "Ah I you are the preacher to whom I have listened. God has sent you here."

He changed his attitude and showed his respect to my father, telling him: "It was one summer evening, while I was taking a walk I on a street in Kanda, after an offense, I. found a large crowd of people. The preacher was talking about the salvation of sinners. Of course I could not understand his speech, but I got a book, and it was from this book that I found a new light coming into my heart.

After thinking and thinking, I be- gan to feel that I was a sinner, and then I suffered so that I could not live any longer as I had been living. I went to a keisatsu (police MR. HARA IN HIS OFFICE station) after many hesitations, and confessed all my sins and offenses. Though I became a prisoner, I always endeavored to learn by reading this book about God and Jesus, and the salvation of sinners of which the preacher had told us.

It is very difficult to understand the meaning of this book. I was very anxious to get a good teacher, but it was impossible in prison.

Now God has given me the opportunity. You have come here my teacher. It may be unfortunate for you, but we are very happy to have you here. My desire has been granted!"

'1'hat evening he introduced my father to other chiefs and after conferring, they decided to listen to my father's preaching. The prison officer consented to their proposal. My father preached for them on every night with thankfulness to God for the opportunity.

A few days afterward the prisoners in the next building also offered to listen to his preaching, and the officer brought them to my father.

Thus the majority of the prisoners in Ishikawa Island came to listen.

Two months passed, and it made my father rejoice to find that

the prisoners awakened spiritually. The winter grew colder and colder and as my father was not accustomed to such a prison life, he got special blankets from an officer, but he had to sleep on the floor without tatami (Japanese mats). My father caught one very bad cold and many prisoners came to nurse him, but did not know how to treat the sick. At last he took typhoid fever, and was carried away to a separate room. There were many lying sick. Doctors and nurses in the prison were so scarce that they could not take care of all of those suffering prisoners.

My father spent one week in this separate room, helpless, lying in pain upon a dirty bed. He felt lonely, worrying about his family and business, but he always prayed for the help of God, saying, "Oh God, I do not mind about death, for I believe you will help my young wife and our child, but please show your glory among our countrymen through the death of my body. "

He kept quiet, taking the doctor's advice, but soon after he was suffering with a high fever and became unconscious and they said he was dead. ,His body was carried out and placed in a room with many other dead bodies. It so happened that a prisoner passing by the room noticed something move. Fear ran him away, but his curiosity compelled him to return and he watched the dead bodies in the room until he saw one of them stir. It was my father. At first he was astonished but soon he was delighted when he realized that my'father might be saved. He went quickly to call for doctor, who came with an officer. They examined the body, and found that he still lived, so they carried him back to the sick room and after a time he exhibited a mysterious recovery.

When he had finished his term in prison my father returned to his beloved wife. His face, however, was pale and his body weakened and emaciated. They cried with joy and without words and gave God their hearty thanks. My father's business of mining and publishing were waiting for him, but so deeply had he been impressed in the prison by the need of prison reform and with dire necessity to take care of ex-convicts that he could not easily go back to his work. He thought the best way was to get guidance from God and went to the church to pray every day and night for one week. As he prayed on the seventh day: "Oh God, please show me your will. What shall I do with my life? Give it to my business or to the prison work?" he went into an unconscions state on account of physical fatigue and he says that while he was in that condition, he saw Jesus, and heard Him say: "Remember them that are in bond, as you were in bond with them." He awoke and was filled with glory, reflecting on the words: "Remember them that are in bond as you were in bond with them."

He prayed again: "If the dream was your holy suggestion, Oh Lord show me your advice in the Bible."

1923J A JAPANESE CHRISTIAN AMONG PRISONERS

After this prayer, he found the following words of St. Paul: "For thou shalt be his witness unto all men of what thou hast seen and heard." (Acts 22: 15.) He was delighted and determined to dedicate himself to the Christian service among imprisoned people. He was encouraged by his wife's joyful agreement for his new work.

Immediately he sold his mines and publishing store, and started in his prison work. This was in the year 1883 that he became the first chaplain in the prison. He began. to work for prison reform and stimulated our government and public opinion, to take better care of prisoners and ex-convicts. He opened his home to ex-prisoners and treated them as if they were his real children.

Now after forty years in this work there are 7,193 ex-convicts ~who have received my father's care. Seventy per cent of them have reformed and have become the normal citizens. It has been his privilege to bring many to Christ. He has recently written a book on his forty years' experience. My father is now seventy years old, and he tells us always that our God never rests from His work, and so he should not either.

Recently my father's work was praised by the Japanese Emperor who has given a private contribution. However, my fath~r has never received any financial aid from the government because he wanted to retain his personal freedom in his holy work. He has spent all the money he had and is maintaining his work by the contribution from personal friends in Japan and abroad. He earnestly asks the help of Christian brothers and sisters in this work of God.

During forty years, since he began his work, the prison conditions in Japan have greatly advanced. Lately our government also has taken great interest in the establishment of homes for ex-convicts so that at present 625 homes are taking care of them.

My father has indeed rejoiced in the rapid increase of the number of these works but however much numbers may increase, if the ex-convicts are not reformed, there is no satisfaction in it for him. If we ask him what power can accomplish this reformation, his answer is, "Christianity." Indeed the sympathy needed for them is that which comes from the constraining love of Christ. My father's book explains his forty years' experience and I am going to translate this book into English. Here you will find the fruits of the seed your missionary sowed.

Among those ex-prisoners who have been sheltered at our home, there are highway robbers, murderers and sneak thieves. As soon as they come to our home, my father questions them with hearty sympathy as to the offense for which they were imprisoned 7 From which prison they have come1 What have been the resulting conditions of their evil lives 7 Where are their families living and in what

condition 7 And then he gives them his brotherly hospitality in our home.

If possible he brings their families together soon, and if they want to stay in Tokyo, he finds jobs for them. Thus they stay quite freely in our home for some days as members of my father's family. Some of them may run away from our house, and in this case· it is natural to suppose that they would pick up and take off with them any property that they saw lying around, knowing all the ways of the house. They usually escape at night but in all the forty years of his labor no such theft has ever taken place. Of course, this is due to the Providence of God, but -there is also something in the hearts of these people that accounts for it.

God is persistently calling sinners and they cannot rest in their sins. My father believes that it is his holy privilege to bring them near to the love of God. In his long experience he found out that better housing aided very much in the prevention of criminals. For a trial, he has built about fifty small tenements for as many families who had b~en living in slums and the results have been very satisfactory.

Meanwhile I had grown up, a second generation of Japanese Christian, and I took a position at a bank in Japan after graduation from the economic department of Keio university in Tokyo. I continued in business about ten years and progressed in the bank. But as my spiritual life gradually improved, it was my heartfelt prayer and wish to improve these poor classes and to lead them to Christ. I could not see them without tears of sympathy and felt horribly sorry. I spent my time and means as I could in my business life to help and to educate them. At last I gave up my position in the banking business and started on Christian service work. As the first step I came to America to study her religious social service work.

When I go back to Japan after finishing my study here, I shall assist in my father's work and we have plans to build up four or five hundred small houses, also a settlement house and playground in the slums to gather poor people as our neighbors and work to improve their living condition and spiritual life by education.

I pray the glory of God will show among these people by using my body and spirit which I have dedicated to Him, as He has shown through my father's life.

SOME SIAMESE PROVERBS When a dog bites you, don't bite back. Toothless old tigers often memorize the commandments. He fled from the tiger and ran into a crocodile. It is easy to find friends when you are feasting; but difficult when you are dying.

the Japanese Are

BY REV. S. H. WAINRIGHT, TOKYO, JAPAN Secretary of the Christian Literature Society of Japan PRESENT-DAY Japanese come as near to reading all that there is to be read as any other nation. The old book stores, con- taining the Chinese classics and other writings in the Chinese, are no longer, as they once were, the corner-stone of culture in Japan. Only special students patronize them and they are few and far between. The younger generation not only takes little interest in books in Chinese, but they find difficulty in reading them. Gradually the number of Chinese characters required to be learned by the students in the schools has been reduced. The literature of China is now a sealed book to the present generation of Japanese throbbing with new life. Buddhism is putting out literature, but it consists principally of p'opularized editions of earlier literature.

The literary tastes acquired through a study of Chinese literature now seek satisfaction in the literature of Russia and other countries in Northern Europe, Germany and France, but especially in the literature of England and the United States for the great medium of culture in Japan is the English language. Two notable daily newspapers published in Japanese are issuing English editions daily. Think of the scope of modern education by which a generation has been prepared with sufficient capability and interest to subscribe for daily newspapers published in English! Besides these, there is a well known daily newspaper and a weekly magazine, owned and edited by Japanese, and both published in English. While English is the language of culture and commerce, there is no prospect of its becoming a colloquial substitute for Japanese, which of itself is highly developed and capable of further expansion and modification.

What the Japanese are reading is indicated in the sources and li'cope of literature now current in Japan. The news stand, as in the West, is becoming a competitor of the book-stores and one wonders what time is left for serious reading of books after so many periodicals have been perused. One good thing about the daily newspapers is that the outside page is given to the advertisement of the latest books. Sensational events, murders, robberies, divorces and elopements find their place on the "third page," which is the scandal page in Japanese journalism. It is an index of the very real interest the Japanese take in books, that these book advertisements occupy the most prominent place in the daily newspapers at a high cost of advertising. Even the department stores are unable to compete with the book dealers in securing the most desirable space in the daily newspapers.

991

If we take literature in the broad sense as the test of culture and as an index of the main current of national interests, we may de- termine what a nation is reading by discovering the authors who are most prominently before the people, especially in a nation so subject to fads as the Japanese. It is probably true that among the Ameri- cans the fad centers in a book, while in Japan interest centers in the author.

The successive phases through which the reading interest has passed since the country was opened may be indicated by the interest taken in such writers as Rousseau, Spencer, Tolstoy, Eucken and Karl Marx. These names have been at different times focal centers of interest on the part of the reading public in Japan.

The first impression made by our Western civilization on Japan was the political liberty enjoyed by Occidental nations. The history under the Tokugawas, to which they had been accustomed, was pa- ternalistic and despotic in the extreme. Therefore, the writings of Jean Jacques Rousseau were read with eager interest and his name was potent in the creation of parliamentary government in Japan. The defeat of the French in the Franco-Prussian War resulted in a change from French to German influence in the moulding of J apa- nese institutions.

Next came Herbert Spencer as the outstanding represent&,tive of the age of science and the power gained through invention, ex- ceeding anything pictured in fable or dreamed of among the J apanese. Huxley and Haeckel were also well known and their names were linked with Spencer's, as was that of John Stuart Mill with Rousseau's. Darwin's "Origin of Species" was read by some and yet the great interpreter of evolution was Herbert Spencer and his books were to be seen everywhere.

Realism and naturalism in literature and the pursuit of money .and success in business life were new to the Japanese. Political economy was not foreign to Confucianism, but, as the science of money making and capitalistic production, it was new. It formed no part of the moral equipment of the good citizen. The new ideas caused Tolstoy's sun to mount on the horizon while the light of Herbert Spencer's philosophy was setting. Tolstoy has exhibited a vitality that Spencer was not able to maintain, and the consciousness of a moral law, absent in Spencer and present in Tolstoy, may account for the difference. It is probably true that Tolstoy's influence was due to the ascetic strain in his message; his disapproval of money making and his detachment from the feverish thirst and ambition of the great age of economics then dawning in Japan. At any rate, his writings, introduced by Tokutomi, the novelist, gained vogue and still command a wide reading.

When the thunderbolt of the European War came with tragic suddenness in 1914, Rudolf Eucken was preparing to make a tour

WHAT THE JAPANESE ARE READING

through the Orient and to give a series of lectures in Japan as the guest of the Tokyo Imperial University. His name had become a household word with the Japanese and it is not easy to explain the psychology of a prepossession so complete as that of the Japanese reading public with the name of Rudolf Eucken. Tradition and cul- ture through generations of the past had inculcated in the mind of Japan a certain aversion to materialism. When Eucken adopted the term "spiritual" as the keynote of his philosophy, he not only ap- peared to be a man with a message in his own part of the world, but his inspiring productions evoked a response in the mind of Japan as real as it was general. The Japanese thought they had found in Eucken a prophet of a spiritual civilization, something of which they felt the need. This tide in favor of Eucken was broken by the clash of arms and the European INar absorbed all interest and thought for the four or five ensuing years.

Today the name that suggests itself as symbolizing the active interest and serious tendency of the Japanese reading public is that of Karl Marx. The trend now foreshadows struggle, not on the part of individuals, but between great sections of the popUlation; between the ultra-conservatives and an increasing number to whom socialism appeals with an attraction as deceptive as it is irresistible. For a long time, the discussion of socialistic subjects was denied to the public and a strict censorship kept that particular type of literature out of the market. The policy now seems to be that set forth in our hearing by a recent Cabinet Minister who declared that thought must be overcome by means of thought. The wider tolerance consists rather in the recognition of a scientific study of all phases of current thought, even of Communism and Socialism, as something the intelligent public, as well as the students, may be permitted to enjoy. Radical tendencies are strongest among students, laborers and to some extent among farmers. The strength of the new radical ideas is not in their intrinsic reasonableness, but rather in the indictment brought against existing conditions.

We have not taken account of the small but disproportionately forceful influence of the professing Christians, nor has there been any attempt to specify the type of reading now prevalent. Bergson's name may be placed alongside that of Eucken and WaU Whitman might be mentioned as connected with the more recent phases of democracy. Walter Pater, whose cult of beauty is opposed to asceticism, is having a certain vogue among university students and many new books on psychology and sex problems are thrusting themselves more than ever into the foreground. Popular novels written by Japanese show an increasing tendency to bring religious subjects into fiction. New discoveries in English literature are constantly being made by the Japanese, who find themselves much interested, for example, in Amiel's Journal, and his melancholy introspection.

3

The relation of Japanese reading to Christian opportunity and obligation may be easily seen. The national mind is being increasingly subjected to Western literary influences. National traditions are losing their power and the mind of Japan is capable of being moulded for good or evil. During the past decades, the Christian religion has been regarded with suspicion and fear, as if it threatened to undermine loyalty and filial piety hitherto regarded as the foundation of the State. The more recent trend is making Christianity appear to be not a radical but a conservative force, capable of offsetting destructive influences more menacing than ever before. There is an unwholesome tendency, generally speaking, in the literature of the present and the most powerful corrective is to be found in the Bible and in Christian books. Jesus said to His earliest disciples, "Ye are the light of the world," and He added, "Neither do men light a lamp, and put it under the bushel, but on the stand; and when the true light should be put, not under the bushel, but on the it shineth unto all that are in the house." If there ever was a time stand that.time is now.

Present-Day Ideas in Japan A paper presented at the National Conference in Tokyo, and prepared by Prof. S. Saito, of the Tokyo Imperial University, Dr. M. Uemura and Dr. S. H. Wainright I. MORAL IDEAS.

M OST of the intelligent Japanese young men of today are eager seekers after truth.. This may be a good influence of naturalism. They prize truthfulness more than righteousness. Though they are more anxious to know what life is than what life ought to be, they cannot be stigmatized as immoral, for to be' truthful is highly moral. They are taught in school what is the summum bonum according to an old moral theory, but their minds are too flexible to keep hold of that old theory and not to be held on by new ideas that are inundating the whole land. So that they are often puzzled about te'lling right from wrong in some particular cases. And it is one thing to be indig·nant at hypocrisy and another to be unrestrained in natural impulses. There lie pros and cons on the present state of morality among young men.

Looseness in marriage bond and publication of so many books and periodical articles on sexual problems are against the extension of Christianity.

Pros: II. PHILOSOPHICAL IDEAS Cans: 1. Neo-Idealism is winning its way. 2. Some books on philosophy of religion are selling well, and they came mostly from the pen of Christian scholars. 3. Bankruptcy of superficial optimism: the Great War has done this. 1. Some of the above mentioned books are heterodox.

III. RELIGIOUS IDEAS Pros: 1. People are becoming religious. They "stretch lame hands of faith, and grope, and call to what they feel is Lord of all.))

PRESENT DAY IDEAS IN JAPAN

2. Christian phraseology is so widely used that even lives of Bud- dhist priests are written in Christian coloring, sometimes putting St. Paul 's s!ly~ng into the mouth of Shinran Shouin. This ten- dency at once facilitates and becomes an obstacle to the 'propaga- tion of Christianity.

3. St. Francis of Assisi is well known. Cons: 1. Theistic tendency.

2. Mysticism, spiritual influence of which is doubtful. . 3. Superstitions old and new.

4. Shinto. Some government officials are forced to worship Shinto.

IV. LITERATURE Pros: 1. Works written with moral earnestness are read most o:f' all. Among them, T. Kagawa's works are downright Christian, and though H. Kikuchi's and S. Mushakoji's are not the Christian spirit they urge one to be moral.

2. Some Christian poets are popular among students of European literature; e. g., Dante, Milton, Browning, Thompson, and some French Catholic poets.

3. Most of t.he young men interested in literature like Dostoiefski and Tolstoi.

4. Such intellectual delicacy and impressionability as shown in W. Pater, who is well known among thoughtful young men, will create pro-Christians of the type of Marius the Epicurean.

Cons: 1. Most of the Christian writers have not fascinating literary style. 2. Works without Christian consciousness of sin (e. g., W. Whitman and O. Wilde) are in vogue. 3. Some novelists write opprobriously about Christianity. 4. JEstheticism. Pater may lead one to Hellenistic enjoyment of life rather than to Christian blessedness.

V. EDUCATION Pros: 1. Creation of the Western mind. 2. Teaching of modern languages of Europe, especially English.

3. Many hymn tunes taught at primary schools make it very easy for non-Christians to join in singing hymns.

4. People are now much interested in higher education of girls. Cons: 1. Worship of national gods at some Shinto festivals.

2. No programme for scientifically teaching boys and girls what re- ligion is. 3. In primary and middle school textbooks there are too many tales which tend to give boys and girls unsound ideas of patriot- ism and heroism.

. VI. SOCIAL PROBLEMS AND MISCELLANEOUS Pros: 1. People are inclined to regard a laborer not as an instrument but as a personality.

2. The idea that" labomre est orare" can be introduced by the labor .movement. .

3. Sympathy for the poor.

4. Internationalistic movements.

5.. Popularity of Christmas festivity.

.6. Sunday observance is facilitated by the growing custom of having rest on Sunday.

Cons: l. Materialistic view of life inculcated by some Socialists. 2. Jingoistic Nationalism.

3. Irregular daily li:f'e.

Opportunities for Christian

in Japan BY REV. C. K. LIPPARD, D.D., KOBE, JAPAN Missionary of the Lutheran Church in America, 1900· T HE Japanese have always appreciated education, but it was not until the Meiji Era that an attempt was made to popularize it. At the beginning of the reign of Meiji Tenno (1867) it was decided that his Government shonld seek for information in all parts of the world. Japan has been greatly benefited by the splendid minds that were sent to study in the leading universities of Europe and America. Through the leadership of those well trained men great progress has been made in civilization and, today, Japan can stand shoulder to shoulder with civilized nations in so far as material progress is concerned. Nor has she discontinued this policy, for even now her young men are found in great numbers in the leading universities of the world.

But the emphasis upon education has been shifted to the homeland. The Japanese are now insistent upon building and equipping universities and schools of higher learning so that the great number of students seeking .for higher education may be accommodated. Even greater emphasis is being laid by the Central Government, and by the country at large, upon general education. Attendance at primary schools has been made compulsory for boys and girls alike, and now 97 per cent of the children of school age are enrolled in such schools.

While Japan is able to take care of the primary education of her people, she cannot accommodate the large number applying for entrance to the grammar grades and higher schools. In 1920, 134,518 boys applied for entrance to the middle schools; only 52,599 could be accommodated, while of the 59,205 young women who applied for admission to government higher schools, only 38,837 could be received. To provide fully for these boys and girls 260 new schools would have been needed.

This situation forms the finest opportunity for the Church to supply Christian education. So eager are the boys and girls of Japan for education that they will enter mission schools in spite of their foreign attachments and their Christian character.

THE EFFECT OF PURELY SECULAR EDUCATION In government schools religion of all kinds is omitted. Little wonder, then, that her education is materialistic, bringing forth a brood of agnostics and atheists to be the leaders of .Japan. Such education naturally blunts the finer sensibilities of the rising genera- , 996 tion. Students may be told to "be good"; but the power to fulfill the command is lacking.

What Japan has provided for the moral development of her students is embodied in what is known as "The Imperial Rescript on Education. " This enjoins four cardinal virtues: namely, benevolence, righteousness, loyalty, and filial piety. By insistent and persistent effort on the part of the instructors a knowledge of these virtues is being fixed upon the hearts of the students.

Loyalty to the Throne is the one cardinal virtue universally insisted upon. By displaying the Emperor's picture in the assembly room of the schools on certain holidays, and by the public reading of the "Imperial Rescript on Education" they try to inculcate a reverence for the Imperial House that amounts to what is considered by many intelligent men of Japan, equivalent to religious worship.

The effect, on the one hand, has been to make the Japanese extremely patriotic, and on the other hand, to narrow their international thinking ~o such an extent that it is extremely difficulty for them to sympathize with other nations. Many educators consider this attitude essential to the preservation of the national life and mortllity.

In the instruction given the children of Japan, Ohristians recognize a distinct lack of that high moral sensibility found in Ohristian teaching that renders such splendid service to the young in their search for moral standards in sex relationships and in all public activities.

EDUCATIONAL WORK BY MISSIONARY AGENCIES There are at present, in Japan, 303 Ohristian kindergartens with 9,910 pupils; 20 Primary Schools with 2,946 pupils; 34 Middle Schools for boys with 9,151 students; 55 Higher Schools for girls with 11,251 students, and 7 Industrial Schools with 1,222 students. 'l'hese schools, wherever found, are powerfully influencing the pupils and, in a measure, the entire development of national education. Especially has Christian education had a leading part in making Japan see the need for schooling her women above the elementary grade. If Ohristianeducation in Japan had Jone nothing else, this alone would be well worth its cost.

Ohristian education has undoubtedly produced practically all of the pastors, evangelists and other Ohristian workers who have thus far advanced the Ohristian cause in Japan. Its results are seen also in the young men and women who return to their homes to enter secular callings and who carry with them the Christian message which exerts an influence far beyond our ability to describe. Through these men and women the national life of Japan has been and is being made better.

Christian eduction has produced SOme of the leaders of Japan

-such men for instance, as the present Counselor to the Imperial Prince Regent; such a leader in philanthropy as Tomioka who for fifteen years has been the leading spirit in the Department of Home Affairs and matters of social welfare and reform; Kagawa who is now doing such a wonderful work for the uplift of the laboring class in Japan, is another product. It has produced leaders in every department of life, especially in literature, in law, and in social reform. Finally, Christian education, more than any other influence, has created a world outlook and fostered a sense of universal brotherhood in the hearts of the Japanese.

Among the outstanding triumphs of Christianity in Japan, Christian education takes the leading place. Although the results have not been what eager hearts may well desire, the fact that 30 per cent of the graduates of Christian schools go out as avowed Christians is reason for encouragement. If "there is joy in the presence of the angels over one sinner that repenteth," the approval of Heaven would seem to be given to this form of Christian work in Japan. We cannot be pessimistic in the face of such results.

Today the dawn of unprecedented prosperity is breaking upon the Christian schools of Japan. But there is one serious consideration for the leaders of the Church to face. This is found in the fact that the Imperial Government through the Department of Education is making a fresh study of educational methods the world over, and through constant supervision is increasing the efficiency of its schools and raising the standards of secular education. These standards must at least be met if Christian education is to be worthy of its name and press forward to the attainment of its ultimate goal.

The opportunity for unique service is before the Christian forces of Japan, and the Church must make a mighty effort to equip her educational institutions there with well trained and truly Christian teachers in order that a representative native leadership may be raised up, upon whom shall rest the ultimate evangelization and Christianization of that Empire.

This life is school-time. Whatever word God writes on top of your page – Patience, Courage, Love, l<~orgiveness, Resignation, Servicecopy it over and over till He gives you another word. Never murmur. Do your best to solve your problems. If you are in the dark, say: "Speak Lord, for Thy servant heareth. " When you feel like complaining, listen. Be still before God. David said, "I was dumb, I opened not my mouth; because Thou didst it." That is better than moaning and lamenting; but let us leap from David to Jesus, and say, "The cup which my Father hath given me, shall I not drink it Y" "Father, glorify thy name." So shall we be made perfect through suffering, and the trial of our faith be found to praise and honor and glory at the appearing of Jesus Christ in us now, and in the day of triumph by and by.-ltIaltbie Davenport Babcock.

OF THE SUDAN WHO NEED THE GOOD

The Women of the Sudan BY MRS. DAVTD S. OYLER, DOLAIB HILL, SUDAN American United Presbyterian Mission T HE inhabitants of the Sudan are not a homogenous people, but tribe borders on tribe. While they mingle to some extent they do not assimilate, each tribe retaining its own customs and traditions. The one hundred and fifty tribes of this vast country are thrown together and often some tribes oppress their brethren. The northern Sudan is Moslem, and the women are subject to the same influences that drag down their sisters in other Mohammedan lands, though the natural kindliness of the Sudanese may mitigate their burdens.

In the southern portion paganism predominates, and each tribe has its own religion. The tribe among whom we work is known as Shilluks (the Arabic name), but they call themselves Shulla or Shole. While ·this tribe is not large, it is the only tribe that has been able to hold its own among tribes far superior in numbers for it has a strong central government with a king. Their holdings on the banks of the White Nile and the Sobat have been coveted by other tribes, but by bravery they have held their possessions, and have been able to retaliate on their enemies. In 1871 Schweinfurth estimated the population at 1,000,000 but at present the estimates vary from 60,000 to 200,000. Not only were men killed in battle, but the young and feeble were slaughtered by the invaders and the more promising men were carried off to the Dervish capital. Women have a high position among the Shullas, in direct contrast to the position 999

of Mohammedan women. When a chief is Clhosen for a village, the women have a part in the ceremony, and formerly some women were able rulers. In councils between tribes, or in deciding for war, the women also have a minor part.

When trouble appears, and war is imminent, all the men able to carry shield and spear hasten to the encounter. The fights are usually local feuds, and are staged near home. The women follow close behind the fighting men in order to bear the dead from the field of battle, and to help the wounded to places ·of safety. In defeat women have even pleaded with their victors to spare their wounded. The Shulla code of honor will not permit a man to injure a woman in battle.

The marriage customs have a large part in fixing the place of women. The dowry is large, ten head of cattle being paid by the young man for his bride; also the father-in-law extracts many sheep and other treasures from his prospective son-in-law. The young man approaches the girl first, and if she gives her consent he goes to the father. If he refuses the marriage does not occur. However, after the girl refuses the case may be carried to the father, and he may reverse the girl's decision. In that case it becomes a test of endurance between the girl and her father, and if she endnres the prescribed tests the father cannot marry her off against her will. In the choice of husbands the girls seem to have considerable latitude._ A man physically inferior has a difficult time getting married; and many men considered good "catches" by the fathers are refused by the girls.

A wife is expected to bring with her to her new home a supply of simple cooking vessels, and some clothes. Contrary to our custom the husband and wife do not care for each other in times of sickness, but their own relatives must minister to them. If a wife dies without children her father must refund the cattle. If she is immoral, lazy, a poor cook, or unable to bear children she IDay be returned to her father, and the dowry is refunded. On the other hand, if the cattle die, the husband must replace them.

Polygamy is permitted, and the number of wives a man has is limited only by his powers to buy. Very few of the young men have more than (me wife, but many of the old men have many. As daughters marry off their dowries bring in new wives for the father. The women are property to the extent that they are bought by the dowry, and are also inherited. When a man dies his eldest son inherits his wives, with the exception of his mother, who goes to the nearest male relative. Should a man die without a son, or if the son is a minor, his nearest male relative gets his wives. When a father dies the brother gets the dowry which his sisters bring. In spite of the financial basis of the marriage true love is frequent and very often brothers and sisters are dev'oted to each other.

THE WOMEN OF THE SUDAN

In distinction from the Mohammedan, the Shulla is as pleased over the birth of a girl as he is over a boy. When a man is asked which he would rather have he usually says that it makes no difference to him, except that he does not want all his children to be of the same sex. A son keeps the father's name alive in the village, but the daughter brings wealth.

The mother holds a large place in the affections of her children. Unfortunate is the lad whose father has passed away to the Great Beyond, the region which holds so much terror for them; but more unfortunate still is he whose mother is dead. It does one good to hear the way some of the young men speak about their mothers. Their pride and affection are often as great as those in our own land. Our second convert, who has always been respected for his morality. attributes this to the training he received from his mother. Since his conversion he is seeking to lead his mother in the Way of Truth, and she has become a diligent enquirer. However she is not typical of her race because very few teach their children to be truthful and clean. Frequently parents encourage their children to steal or deceive for profit.

The women are so ignorant that they do not know enough to be good mothers. As a rule they are neat housekeepers and frequently permit those dependent on them for food to go a day without anything to eat, just because it did not suit their convenience to cook that day. They often get sulky, and run away from home, because of some wrong, either real or fancied. Scolding and quarreling are frequent and men have the right to whip their wives. Occasionally one is brave enough to avail himself of that prerogative. One man, when reproached for whipping his wife, replied, "It is absolutely necessary for a black woman to be punished sometimes, or she will become so disobedient that she will not do a thing her husband desires. "

Some of the women are pure, but many of them are immoral, and impurity is often treated lightly. Their standard is different from the white man's as the greater stigma and the severer punishment are placed on the man, even when the woman has deliberately led the :plan astray.

The Sudanese women lack ambition, and without enquiring minds they stolidly accept that which has come down to them from the ages. They are opposed to the advance of new ideas, and' hence it is difficult to interest them in the Gospel. However, they are very slowly, but surely turning to the light. Some have already been baptized, and others have been placed in an enquirers' class.

From their ignorant ancestors, they have received a heritage of superstition; a heritage of ease and laziness, which cannot be overcome until a new power arises in their hearts; a heritage of slavery

and oppression; and an animistic religion which makes the poor devotee a prey to fear.

To assist in their elevation they have physical strength, and a nature which thirsts for knowledge of the unseen. The joyousness and cheerfulness of the race give them a bright promise for the future, in the day when the darkness of the centuries shall disappear, and the Light of the world shining into their hearts shall lead them to take an interest in the great realities of the world beyond and to become children of the Heavenly Father.

The Story of N yakeiru-An African Girl BY JOSEPHINE B. HOPE, KIJOBJ T HIS morning one of the native girls came into the dining- room of the mission at Kijobi, British East Africa. She came in singing happily, with some dishes in her hands, which she arranged on the shelves. She is good looking in her dress of dark blue print, with no heathen ornaments on her, and it was hard to realize that a few weeks ago she was a heathen, dressed in skins, living in a native hut.

The story of Nyakeiru's childhood is that of almost every other child of her tribe. They keep no account of birthdays or birthplaces; so her earliest rec{)llection is that of being left in a village with the other children while the older people were absent all day.

Her father had nine wives and each wife had several children. Day after day, they were left to amuse themselves or abuse each other as they pleased. Can you imagine a worse condition of child- life~ In this part of Mrica the boys usually wear no clothing at·all until seven or eight years of age, and then their attire is limited to a girdle or loin cloth. The little girls of four or five wear a tiny apron, and not until about ten or twelve do they put on the regulation skins which partially cover the body, After the men of the village have stretched a goat or sheep skin to dry and left it, the children scrape off the inner skin and cook and eat it. They eat the skin and legs of the wild partridges, of which the elders have eaten the better parts.

When Nyakeiru was about ten, a great famine came and brought much suffering, especially among the women and children. The father had issued his commands that the children were not to go to the garden for food, because he wanted it all for himself. He often let the children go hungry, while he gorged himself and grew fat. But the children had a little pot hidden away in the bushes, and they would steal into the garden,. procure food, and cook it far from the village. One child would stand on watch lest the father discover

THE STORY OF NYAKEIRU-AN AFRICAN GIRL

them. Many a time they were discovered and severely beaten. The mothers fared as badly as the children, and although they tried in every way to lessen the suffering of their little ones, what could they do? Many children were killed when caught stealing food. To make lilatters worse, smallpox broke out; and without care or attention three of her father's -wives and many of the children died.

Once her father made a raid on a neighboring tribe, the Masai, to procure food and after a fierce battle, he with his men brought THE HOME OF AN AFRICAN INLAND MISSIONARY IN KIJABI. BRITISH EAST AFRICA home a goodly share of the enemies' herds. F'or once there was more food than the men could devour.

Many a time, all that the children had was the greens they found and ate. But Nyakeiru and a number of her brothers and sisters, as well as her father and mother, lived through the famine, and she grew up until she was old enough to be sold as someone's wife. She was nOw old enough to attend the native dances; Nyakeiru had" entered society," for she belonged to the upper class.

About this time the Swahilis, a tribe that had been enslaved by the Arabs at the coast and were much used as porters throughout the country, were troubling the A.gikuyu much. Kiheriko, the father, went to Kinyanjui, the paramount chief of southern Gik~yu, a man

with fifty wives, and told him he might have one of his daughters if he would give him and his people protection. His eldest daughter refused to go, aud was immediately bought by another man. Wan- gesi, the second daughter, was refused "point blank," so it fell to Nyakeiru to go. She feared the great chief, with his many wives whom he often beat severely, and she too refused to go. Her father tried to beat her into submission and her cries were heard by one of the mission boys, who rescued her. Finally she succeeded in escaping from her home, and was concealed at the mission for several days. In the end her younger sister was given to Kinyanjui as she was not only willing but desired to become the wife of the chief.

A few weeks later Nyakeiru was sold to a young man named Kagia, a Masai-born, who had been brought up among the Agikuyu. He had one other wife, inherited at the death of his older brother, but professed to love only Nyakeiru. Shortly after her marriage she found her husband to be a brute" and he treated her cruelly. She finally was compelled to seek refuge agaiu at the mission station and was v.ery ill for many days from the beating he had given her. Her husband threatened to kill her when she came back, so that prayer was 'Offered for her. The impossible came to pass for her father paid back the goats and sheep he had received for her, and her husband was compelled to give her up as he wanted only to "wreak his vengeance on her and to torture her.

Nyakeiru lives now at the mission, happy and contented. She has a true, sturdy nature and two weeks ago was baptized. Her testimony given before all the people was straightforward and sin- cere. She is bright in her school work, happy and capable in what- ever she undertakes to do, but best of all she is a shining Christian.

Recent Sunday-school Progress BY DR. W. C. PEARCE, NEW YORK CITY Associate General Secretary of the World's Sunday School Association Xthe World's Sunday School Convention in Tokyo, three years ago, provision was made for the organization of national sec- tions of the Association in addition to the British and American sections. It was the conviction that the time had arrived for extending the work and for making the Association a veritable spiritual League of Nations. This provision was supported by the adoption of a policy of world visitation in order to promote the organizations of these national sections. Already thirty nations have been visited, containing eleven hundred millions of the world's population. In some, national organizations were already formed and in other nation"s plans were made to organize in the interest of a cooperative program of religious education. It is impossible to estimate what

RECENT SUNDAY-SCHOOL PROGRESS

the formations of these national sections may really mean to the Christian work of the world, especially since these national organizations are officered by Christians who, by experience and spiritual and intellectual attainments, are highly qualified to lead such a movement. One's heart feels a thrill of encouragement when the following nations are mentioned amongst those which have formed national Sunday-school. organizations-Australia, New Zealand, Czecho- Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Turkey, Denmark and Algeria. In other lands, such as India and China, old Associations have been or are being modified to meet the larger demand made upon them.

The production of indigenous Sunday-school literature is a very evident universal and long-felt need which was very fully discussed at Tokyo. The missionary, patriotic and native illustrations used in English Sunday-school lesson helps are naturaliy taken from British and American history and, therefore, do not appeal strongly to other people. There may be unity in the selection and exposition of lesson courses, but there should be much modification in illustrative material to be effective in other parts of the world. Sunday-school literature in America and Great Britain has made it possible for the common man to qualify as a fairly efficient Sunday-school teacher and any large Sunday-school advance throughout the world depends on the development of indigenous lesson courses and literature. A Joint Advisory Lesson Committee has been appointed, composed of representatives from The Foreign Missions Conference, The International Sunday School Council of Religious Education, The Committee on Cooperation in Latin America and The World's Sunday School Association. The cooperation of Great Britain has also been assured. Provision is also being made for men, experienced in curriculamaking, editorial work and publication of literature, to visit the various parts of the world and, by conference with leaders and personal interviews, interpret our experience to them. Everywhere quick and hearty cooperation is anticipated.

A Larger Financial Support.-Since the Tokyo convention, the annual budget has been increased from about $60,000 to $96,000. This means a larger secretarial staff and more appropriations for literature and leadership training.

Space does not permit to mention in detail the preparation for the next world's convention to be held in Glasgow, Scotland, during the third week in June, 1924; the great work of the Surplus Material Department; the visits of denominational experts to various fields, and the remarkable service of the national secretaries in various countries.

Brother-the

BY JAMES TOOKER FORD, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS F OR more than a hundred years, the Christian Crusaders of Europe were engaged in a supreme effort to rescue the Holy Sepulchre from the hated Mohammedans. Five million men set forth on this holy adventure to kill or conquer the sacrilegious hold- ers of the sepulchre, most of them dying of disease or in battle in the attempt. In this enterprise, they thought to show a splendid loyalty to the Cross, but how strangely did they misinterpret the spirit and life and teaching of our Lord! He would have had them rescue Mohammedan souls and not fight for a Christian tomb. He would have had them die to save men, not die to kill unbelievers.

For nearly two thousand years, multitudes of those who claim to be Christians have secretly or openly despised the Jew, thinking that by. doing so they were showing loyalty to Christ. Through centuries they have either neglected, ostracized, persecuted, or massacred the Hebrews to prove their devotion to the Crucified Christ. How sadly have we misunderstood and misinterpreted Him. He died for His own nation as well as the Gentiles and He calls on Hili! followers to die to save the Jews rather than live to despise them~ Strange that almost the whole Christian world fails to love the Jew! In some countries pogroms are the order of the day I Even in enlightened America we look down upon the Jew, passing him by without a friendly thought.

There are fifteen million Jews in the world; over three million in the United States, one and a half million of whom live in New York Oity; three hundred thousand are in Chicago. They often become our next door neighbors. In place of sharing the universal coldness, we should rather love and serve them. We should be in continual prayer on their behalf, being so closely in touch with our Saviour that we would cry, "My heart's desire and prayer to God for Israel is that they may be saved."

The Ohristian's treatment of his Jewish brother through all the centuries, since the time of the early Church, has not recommended the religion of Jesus to our Hebrew brother. It has been a travesty of Ohristianity, a dishonor to Him Whom we profess to honor, a disgraceful volume (not a chapter merely) in the history of Christian civilization. How can we present Christ personally to the Jew unless we iirst treat him as a brother1 The experiences of the recent war ought to obliterate racial antagonism, for nearly 200,000 Jews were in the armies of America and over two thousand of them laid down their lives for American ideals. 'rhis ought to help Americans, and especially Christian Americans, to treat the American Hebrews as brethren.

1006 Three successive American ambassadors to Turkey were Jews and the first one, (Mr. Straus) drew on his own private purse to help Christian missionaries in distress; the second one (Mr. Morgenthau) offered a million dollars to help deliver the Annenian Christians from the clutch of the Moslems.

A missionary to China and India learns the language of those whom he seeks to reach, and lives with foreign peoples that he ]!lay tell them of Christ and the Cross. But in America are neighbors, speaking the same language, passing us daily to their work and recreation, fellow-citizens of the same republic, as Christless and Crossless as any Hottentot of Africa or Brahmin of India. The Hebrew people as a class are law-abidingo-not brawlers; nor were they addicted to intemperance. Strong ties bind together their large and happy families. They are industrious and in many instances, by pluck and ability, have risen to places of commanding influence.

Two hundred and fifty millionaires are Jews and two thirds of Ne:w York City's wealth belongs to them. They are not heathen but they are non-Christian-and they glory in the fact. The Jew relies on no savior. He relies on himself for his salvation as fully as any Hindu fakir or Moslem devotee. His theory and practice of religion entirely exclude the Cross. To him moral standing before God depends on the balance struck between one's good and bad deeds which in the final judgment are weighed one against the other and if the good deeds outweigh the bad the man enters by right into the gates of Paradise. He is his own savior. As with a sponge on a slate he wipes out the atoning blood of .Jesus. His only sacrifice for sin is a fasting with confession of sin on Yom Kippur, the great Day of Atonement, on which day every loyal Hebrew afflicts hIS soul by abstaining from the least particle of food or drink from sunset to sunset, and by confessing all manner of sins, many of which he may not be consciously guilty of. He thus cleans his slate before God. In his confession he says, "',ve have robbed, we have spoken falsely, we have committed iniquity, we have done violence, we have forged lies, we have scoffed, we have revolted, we have blasphemed, we have been rebellious, we have persecuted"; and so on through a long list of sins. This is their atonement for their souls.

The doctrine of vicarious sacrifice for sin is as utterly repudiated by the modern Jew as by the Brahmin or Confucianist. The one great central doctrine of a divine-human Redeemer, the only hope of a sinful world, does not exist in his experience or philosophy any more than in the experience and philosophy of Marcus Aurelius or a modern Hindu fakir.

What are we Christians of today going to do about this ~ The Church of the first century carried the doctrine of the Cross first to the Jews and then to the Gentiles. Of course it suffered persecution, and we today may suffer persecution if we carry the Gospel

of Jesus to them, for to them the doctrine of Christ as a divinehuman being is blasphemous and contrary to their daily repeated word: "The Lord our God is one God." 1'he Trinity to them means three gods and to worship such means idolatry. -With the veil still on their hearts, they hate the Cross and hold that "the preaching of Jesus is a dog's work." It must be confessed that for seventeen centuries the Jew has seen nothing in the Christian's spirit or con- duct toward his people to recommend Jesus to him, or that would help to remove this veil. No wonder he is clannish and has developed characteristics which have separated him from the rest of the world! Persecution! "Christian" persecution through all these long dreadful centuries has developed or intensified his racial traits.

Gorlchakoff spoke of the Russian Jew as a great scourge upon any people. Bismarck answered that the Government's policy toward them had given them the character of which he complained. .

They are now perhaps at the greatest religious crisis in their history. Business relations and the adoption of Gentile customs are tending to break down their exclusiveness and their re- spect for the forms of their religion, so that the tendency of their young people is to break away from the old orthodox Jewish faith and drift into" no religion," to become agnostics leading prayerless, godless lives. A number of Jewish writers are expressing the fear "that Israel will be swallowed up of the nations." But we cannot share in this fear. Somehow God, Who has mysteriously kept them as a race through the distressing past, will weld them still for the great plan of the world's redemption. Sometime they will become the world's greatest evangelists. But their condition now is appalling. The statement of a young Jew to the writer doubtless describes the actual spiritual condition of a very large majority of young Jews. He said, "I never read the Bible and never go to the synagogue except on Yom Kippur. I serve God one day, and serve myself the rest of the year." .

Is it not for the lack of sufficient consecrated, loving, gospel work among them that young Jews are growing up to have no reli- gion? They are giving up the religion of their fathers, which con- sists largely in forms and customs, observance of days (mere dead works), and, being poisoned against the Christian religion, are now practically without religion. The Christian Church of America is doing precious little to stop this dangerous drifting! By our neglect, we are allowing a mass of the most inflammable material to accumulate in our communities (these bright active impressionable and excitable young minds without the conserving force of religion) and a spark from somewhere may set aflame a political conflagration.

Then we will rue our neglect but it may be too late. It is a plain truth that where there is no religion-no morality, and if no morality -then pandemonium.

MBTHODS

Zili14JS! d! ;I ,was Wi EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, ROOM 721, MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A.

FINDING THE OPEN DOOR T HE MASTER Who gave His unqualified, unlimited commission- " Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel to every creature" -could easily have qualified and limited it, if He had not meant that it should be unqualified and unlimited.

We have no more right to conclude that only a fem Christians are called to go into all the world to preach the Gospel than we have to assume that the only door of obedience to His commission is entered by the actual purchase of a steamship ticket to some foreign port.

Our churches should lay on the heart of every member the individual obligation to the great commission, and then help each one to find his own open door of opportunity.

PRINCIPLES AND METHODS secration of both life and money, Three Principles rather than on "raising money."

1. No Christian should decide on 3. Special vocational meetings for his life work without giving first con- high school boys and girls may include sideration to direct missionary serv- the presentation of the missionary ice in the home or foreign field. calling, with its many phases of in- 2. Those who decide they cannot go dustrial, medical and agricultural in person have no less responsibility work. Frequently, a series of voca- for the salvation of the wPrld than do tional leetures or talks is given w!ith those who actually sail on ships or no mention of missionary opportu- travel by rail. Whatever a Christian's nity. Activity on the part of the mis- place of residence may be, his purpose sionary leadership of the community must be a missionary purpose. might have resulted in the inclusion 3. It is the responsibility and the of "The Missionary" under list of opportunity of the Church to help topics on vocations to be presented.

each member to find the door of re- 4. Denominational student secresponsibility through which he can best give his answer to his Master's "Go taries may mail bulletins and other yeo " literature to all of their high school Six Methods and college students. 5. Communities or the individual 1. By regular and systematic teach- churches may arrange special lunch- ing in the Sunday-school, each scholar eons or suppers to which various may be brought to face individual re- groups – doctors, nurses, teachers- sponsibility for life service. may be invited to consider a program 2. In the missionary organizations of special needs.

for the children and young people of 6. Students in colleges should have the churches, the stress should be laid (a) The best missionary speakers quietly and persistently on the con- obtainable during the year.

1009 4

(b) A schedule of mission study Their outfit was prepared and they classes. I'i J were ready to sail to Brazil. At '8 meet- (c) Opportunity to attend na- ing of the Presbytery called in the tional, district and state student mis- church in Midway, the question was sionary conventions. again opened and by a small majority (d) Missionary guests of various it was voted that after all it was too nationalities. expensive to send a family to the field, (e) MilSSionary posters and charts so that their commission was recalled on the wall. -even before they had sailed.

(f) :Missionary books in the library As the members of the Presbytery and missionary magazines and leaflets came out of the meeting, Mrs. Moffett in rCllding rooms. faced them in the vestibule. Tears (g) Missionary prayer circles. were in her eyes and determination (h) A program of actual commu- was in her heart. " You wiU not let nity and missionary service. me go," she said, "but I'll send every child I have." A great peace filled THE WOMAN WHO WENT EIGHT her heart. She had prayed earnestly TIMES OVER INSTEAD OF that God would not let her miss His ONCE ONLY will for her life. It had been hard to understand why, again and again, the About fifty years ago, Carrie Lena door had been closed before her eager Crawford, a high spirited, popular feet, but now the answer was clear. "The door is not closed. You are to girl of old Kentucky, faced many go–not in person, but through your doors that opened before her invit- ingly. She was full of fun and a rol- children. " lickingly good humor. When she studied the Westminster Catechism she She not only gave her children but learned not only the first phrase of the she trained them for lives of service. answer to the question "What is the There was no long-faced Christianity chief end of man T" "To glorify in her life. Her piety was deep and God"-but also the second phrase- genuine but she entered into the "And to enjoy Him fo'rever." She sports and pleasures of her children as "enjoyed" her Lord so thoroughly if she were as young as they.

she wanted to share her joy with the About twenty-five years she spent in whole world. getting ready to go, not as one mis- sionary, but as eight missionaries- Before the Student Volunteer through her eight children. Movement was organized, she offered herself to the Foreign Mission Board Then one day she was stricken sudof the Presbyterian Church. "Too denly. "Only a few days more," the young" was the reply. "It is not ad- doctor whispered. "Even so, come visable to send such a very young and quickly, Lord Jesus," she answered inexperienced girL" with confidence and joy. She went happily home, knowing in her heart Miss Crawford became Mrs. Alex- that, although her own eyes might ander Stuart Moffett and she and Dr. never see the ships on which she sailed Moffett both volunteered for foreign to foreign lands, some day she would mission service but again the Mission g(}-eight times over. Aud she did go.

Board said " Not advisable." Rev. Lacy Moffett. Years pasl>ed but the missionary Miss Carrie Lena Moffett. Mrs. May Moffett Crenshaw. purpose did not pass from their Mrs. Emma Moffett McMullen. hearts. When Dr. Moffett was pastor at Midway, Kentucky, and he was fifty years old and his wife forty-nve, Mrs. Paxt.on Moffett Crawford.

they offered themselves once more. Miss Natalie Moffett – her children They had six children, and planned to are in foreign mission service today.

place the older ones in school in Amer- Another son, Rev. Harry Moffett, who ica. At last they were accepted. was unable to go to the foreign field

BEST ME'r1!ODS

because of ill health, is at work with a not only her own distinguished son, missionary purpose in America and but also more than forty other young another daughter, Mrs. Maude Mof- people into Christian service through fett Walker, is living in America, her prayers and her personal work.

training her own children for Chris- A school teacher in teaching geog- tian service. raphy ineidentally taught missions So did Carrie Lena Crawford Mof- also.

fett go eight times over instead of Eliza Agnew, "Mother of a thou- once. sand daughters," went out from that HER SECOND CHANCE class to Ceylon.

In a recent convention, a young col- A Sunday-school snperintendent inlege woman was introduced as a stu- terested himself in the circulation of dent volunteer. Her face was radiant missionary papers in his school. A with the light of a great purpose. In little girl who became interested in clear tones she told of that purpose. reading the papers became a valuable missionary in Japan.

A father took time on Sunday after- noons to talk with his little son aod show him missionary pictures. The father never 8ailed as a missionary • but the world knows of the work of Alexander Duff, the son, who became the pioneer of higher education in India.

Someone placed a missionary book, "The Star of the East," in the hands of a young man. Adoniram Judson read the book and decided to give up his delightful parish in Boston to fol- low the leading of the Star into the mis~ion field.

John Williams, "Apostle to the South Seas," attributed his first in- terest in missions to the stirring mis- sionary sermons preached by his pastor.

Mothers and fathers in their homes, Sunday-school superintendents and teachers in the schools, pastors in their pulpits, friend:; across the street- MOTHER AND DAUGHTER whatever our occupation, whatever As she sat down a woman arose, her our limitations, many who cannot go hair was white and her shoulders were in person may go through others they bent with the burdens of ye'ars. In lead into the work.

her eyes was the glory of the girl's Through Gift. of Money face as she said: " This is the happiest day of my life. In the children's Mis- Justinian Von Weltz, Austrian sion Band I trained her with mission- nobleman of nearly three hundred ary interest for missionary service and years ago, sold his entire estate so I feel now as if I were going out as a that he might get funds to establish a foreign missionary myself. " school for missionaries.

Pastor Stearns of Germantown, Pa., ENGAGING INDIRECT PASSAGE gave aU of the many and the large The mother of the famous mission- honorariums which came to him from ary, Jacob Chamberlain of India, led his Bible teaching and platform work,

after he had taken out his actual ex- tary, Women's Home Missionary Sopense of travel, for sending out and ciety of the Methodist Episcopal supporting missionaries. He led his Church, has worked out a very effeccongregation so to understand the pos- tive way of telling the story of the sibility of going into all the world that children's work with dolls. they gave one million dollars for foreign missions during his pastorate, From the ten cent store she pursupporting missionaries in practically chased a number of celluloid dolls, every land of earth. three and a half inches high. Their vampish expression was so entirely A student volunteer, who was de- subdued by the attire in which she tained in America, became pastor of arrayed them, that other admiring a weak, struggling congregation in the workers have been slow to believe the West Virginia coal fields. The feel- statement as to whence the dolls came. ing of responsibility for going to the Clothes make the dolls. foreign field was so great he worked unceasingly until his little congrega- Dressed to represent the different tion supported a missionary. nationalities in America, for whom the children are working, the dolls A Georgian of large wealth who had help the secretary to tell most interestbeen living in extravagant luxury put ingly the story of the children of himself on a salary which he agreed many lands, supported by the special was generously large for himself and gifts of the children's societies. The his family and gave the balance of his clothes are stiff so that the dolls stand income to sending out and supporting alone. Every child loves a doll that missionaries. can stand by itself.

Including America As each doll is introduced, the chil- dren tell with great interest all they Surely the Lord did not intend to know about the work being done for exclude America when He gave His the children of the nationality repregreat commission. It requires as true sented – an orphanage for the Haobedience, and sometimes a more diffi- waiian children, another orphanage cult obedience to cross the street in for the Alaskan children, a sleeping missionary service than to go across porch for the Mexican children. the ocean. The whole world has sent its representatives to America, yet The secretary intersperses their many students say the door to mis- questions and answers with stories. sionary service is closed to them if Then she displays dolls of nationalithey cannot go to some foreign coun- ties for whom they are not doing anytry. thing and gives them a forward look to new work that should be begun. "One Chinese student who returns from America to China thoroughly As the doH from Czecho-Slovakia is Christian is worth a whole mission shown, she sings "Jesus Loves Me" in station, " declares an outstanding Czech. When the children are asked leader of Christian work in China. what song it is, all hands go up and they give immediate answer. Then all "Go ye." join in the chorus, the Secretary still The whole world-our parish. singing in Czech and the children in The place which needs us most and English. They agree that God does in which we can accomplish most- understand both languages and that our station. He understands all the children of Our life, our money, our influence, every land whate'Ver language they our time and talents – our opportu- speak or sing. Almost without realiznity. ing that they are being taught, the children, who attend the special chil- PRACTICAL METHODS FOR PRAC- dren's meeting, held by this Secretary as she visits the women's missionary TICAL LEADERS societies in her territory, learn lessons Tell the Story with Dolls Mrs. Collins J. Brook, Field Secre-

BEST METHODS

of international friendship and good The guests first assembled in the will as well as lessons about their own band-stand for the regular missionary denominational missionary work. program with some additional special Secretaries who are forward-look- features. Then the picnic supper, ing will not be content with their which also had additional special fea- tours of visitation of churches unless tures, was served. Toasts from the at every church there is a special various departments were proposed.

meeting or some special features for The President of the Women's Mis- the children. sionary Society made a plea for new THE BEST IS NOT TOO GOOD members. One of the members of the Young Women's Society gave a reoad- One of the Tennessee Auxiliaries of ilng and the president of the Chil- the Woman's Home Missionary So- dren's Society appealed to mothers to ciety of the First Methodist Episcopal send their children to the meetings.

Church has a quartette of musical Everyone had a good time and an women w:ith exceptionally good and added interest was given to the work well-trained voices. The President of of both the Ladies' Aid and Missionthe Society, who is also Chairman of ary Societies. the Musici Department of the Wom- an's Club, believes that the best talent DISCARD OUT-OF-DATE FACTS is not too g09d for the missionary so- Railroad s~hedules frequently give date ciety. The members of this quartette of iBRuance followed by this request: " Di4cllIrd all schedules of prevwus dates." have accepted responsibility for the In order that writers, speakers and leaders music for missionary meetings and may have up·to-date information, with give much time, thought and talent to enough perspective for a discriminating es- its planning, preparation and rendi- timate of values, various outstanding leaders have been aslied to give statements and comtion. They help also at district and ments on the events of the year 1922 in the conference meetings. various countries in which they are working.

Of course, this means special re- Rev. E. C. Lobenstine, of Shanghai, hearsals which take time from the formerly Secretary of the China Continuadays filled with professional duties, tion Committee, writes of the year 1922 in but these talented and trained women China: offer their talents and training gladly, The year 1922 is certain to stand because they love to work for the Ijord out in the history of Christian mis- and His kingdom and because a mis- sions in China as an important land- sionary society, in a talent search, mark. It saw the crystallization of made place for their talents. movements that had been gradually taking shape for years. It marks the BRING YOUR OWN SANDWICHES end of one period in the history of Picnic meetings for the summer modern missions in China and the months should be planned early in entrance upon a new era, during which the leadership will pass inthe year.

Last summe'r the members of the creasingly into Chinese hands and the. Women's Missionary Society of The missionary will have the joy of a new First Lutheran Church of Freeport, fellowship in service with the Chinese.

Illinois, invited the members of the THREE IMPORTA_"'T STUDIES OF MIS- Ladies' Aid Society to be their guests SroNARY WORK WERE COMPLETED AND for a picnic supper. Husbands and PUBLISHED IN THE· SPRING. The first children were included in the invita- of these, the monumental survey of tion. "Bring your own sandwiches The Christian Occupation of China, is and a dish to pass" is a favorite sen- regarded by the International Review tence for Illinois picnic. instructions. of Missions as "the most effective sur- The possible contents of the "dish to vey ever made of any mission field."

pass" add an element of pleasurable It shoWIS the numerical growth and anticipation and speculation. the geographical expansion of the

Christian movement, the number, loca- Christian Conference. Five Commistion and character of the institutions sions spent the greater part of two it has founded, and the successes years in studying different aspects of which it has thus far achieved. There the life of the Christian Church." is very much to encourage in the picture which it presents. A NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CONFER- ENCE WAS HELD IN SHANGHAI IN MAy. There is revealed a healthy growth and a steady raising of standards. The Conference was attended by some The Church is seen to be much six hundred Chinese delegates elected stronger and far more influential than by the different Church bodies, by a it was te'll years ago. Especially note- slightly smaller number of missionworthy is the evidence of the large aries elected by the missions in China, degree of cooperation and union be- and by representatives of the boards tween the one hundred and thirty of foreign missions abroad. different missions, and the working of the principles of comity agreed upon The Conference ushered in a new a few yl'ars ago. At the same time, era in the life of the Church in China. the survey makes it very clear that, The reports gave everyone a clearer as yei, little or no progress has been understanding of the combined made toward the development of an strength of the Christian forces. The indigenous Church in China. Instead, presence in the Conference of the the severai missions have partitioned officially elected delegates from prac- China among themselves, staking out tically every Christian group strengthdenominational spheres of influence in ened the sense of Christian solidarity which, apparently, as the inevitable and awakened the hope that the day accompaniment of their work of evan- was not far distant when all of the gelization, they have transplanted, for Christian forces represented might the most part, Western denomina- present a united front. New momentional churches. tum wag gained for the tasks that lay ahead. The report of the Educational Commission, sent to China in the au- The outstanding impression of the tumn of 1921 by the missionary boards Conference was undoubtedly the high of America and Great Britain, deals qualities of leadership shown by the in a constructive way with the exist- Chinese. The men chosen to fin the ing situation in mission education, most important offices in the Conferemphasizes the necessity of raising the ence were Chinese widely known and standards of elementary and second- honored. They had already won the ary school work and of correlating confidence of the missionary body. more closely the higher educational Many of the speakers were Chinese. work. It urges the development of Their loyal devotion to Christ, their one system of Christian education to cle-ar recognition of the fundamental serve all of the Churches. It lays Christian verities, their passionate great emphasis upon the necessity of longing to give their people the beneimproving the quality of the work fits of the Gospel, the discernment and done even though this means the clos- s~und ~udgment displayed by them in ing of some institutions. The great dlscussmg the task facing the Church, value of the Commission's work was and the masterly way in which the at once recognized, and the respon- officers of the Conference handled the sible authorities both in China and difficult situations that arose- conabroad are engaged in studying how vinced those present who had eyes to they can best carry out the recom- see and an understanding heart that mendations contained in the report. the old mission-centric period was fast ~assing, if it had not already com- The results of the third line of investigation are to be fonnd in the re- * NOTE: Copies of the report may be ordered ports prepared for the National through the Committee of Reference and Council 25 M.adison Av~.• New York, or through the S~andmg C~n:ll:l1lttee of the Conference of Mis- SIOnary SOCIetIes of Great Britain and Ireland Edinburgh House. 2 Eaton Gate. London S. W. 1:

pletely passed, and that we were step- work to an end and in making way for ping across the threshold of a new era. a more directly representative council.

The commission reports and ad- The new Council is not a Church dresses made it clear that there was a Court. It has no legislative functions whatever. It is merely a useful orwidespread feeling among Chinese ganization to bind together Chinese that the foreign character of t~e Church was hindering the more rapId and foreign Christians of every naspread of Christianity, and that the tionalitv and Church who are predevelopment of an indigenous Church pared to confer and work toge~her. should henceforth be made an essen- "The main purpose of the Coun!'Il as tial part of every missionary program. of every Christian agency is the re- The Chinese said very frankly that generation and spiritual upbuilding our Western denominational distinc- of individual men and w;omen and the tions did not interest them, and that permeating of all phases of life and a divided Church in China could not society with the teaching and inmeet the needs of the case. They fluence of Christ. It wtill seltk to called therefore, for more earnest deepen spiritual fellowship between efi'o'rt; toward Church union and its members and between representaurged that steps be taken to make the tives of the Churches. It will act Church more Chinese through the as a central bureau of informaraising up of more thoroughly trained stieoanr~hbeanad base for progressive reaCnhdinweose~eannda through giving such men a clearing house for new larger share in determin- tidheeas~ieawnsd will endeavor to express ing missionary as well as Church of the Churches and mis- policy. sions on great public. and moral ques- They called for a Church that tions on which there is a common mind. " would be thoroughly Christian and at the same time thoroughly Chinese- The Council maintains an office in Shanghai with a staff of two Chinese not American or British or Contin- secretaries of whom one is a woman, ental not Anglican, Baptist, Luth- and two fdreign secretaries, Bishop L. eran,' Presbyterian or Methodist, but H. Roots (American), Dr. Harry T.

Christian and Chinese.

A COMMITTEE OF ONE HUNDR.ED WAS Hodgkin (British). The Council is ELECTED by the Conference as a con- financed by cont.ributions from the covincing proof of the purpose of the Christians in China to move forward operating churches and missions. * together. This committee will serve IN 1922 FOR THE FIRST TIME IN ITS as a bond between the Chinese HISTORY THE WORLD STUDENT CHRIS- Churches and the missions. It was a TIAN FEDERATION MET IN CHINA. The distinct forward move. The name choice of China for this meeting was chosen for the neW organization was in recognition of the growth of Chris- "The National Christian Oouncil of tian influence in that country and of China. " In 1913 when the formation the increasing importance of China of such a council was proposed it was in the life of the world. There were found that the missionaries were nc.t six hundred Chinese delegates and yet convinced of the necessity of it. representatives from thirty other The China Continuation Committee countries. One important feature of was accordingly chosen as an ad-in- the meeting was its strong stand for terim body. Its nine years of service Christian internationalism. A Chinese proved that such a committee could was elected as Oriental Secretary of render valuable service without in any the Federation.

way infringing upon the righ~s fl:nd responsibilitie.s of the. authont.atlVe ·NOTE: The National Christian Conference put religious bO~I~S,. and. It a?co~dm~ly took the imtlative III brmgmg Its itself on TPcord nE: oPP'lsed 1.0 any development of a NatLmal Chinese Church that should not be in harIL'c.ny with a vital Christian Inter.. nationalism.

The publicity given by the press to MISSIONARY INSTITUTIONS IN CHINA the holding of the meeting of the Fed- was another important development. eration in the capital of China, the One of these was to Hong Kong Uniseat of the "New Thought Move- versity (British). Others were to ment," led to an attack by non- Nankai College in Tientsin (a semi- Christian Chinese on the Christian private college founded by Dr. Chang positions. This attack was part of a Po-ling) and South Eastern Univerbroader rationalistic movement which sity in Nanking (a Chinese governis questioning the validity of the ment institution). Both Dr. Chang claims of all religions and the founda- and Dr. P. W. Kuo, the president of tions of the whole order of Chinese South Eastern University are earnest society. It was a striking testimony Christian men, prominent in the shapto the growing influence of Christian ing of the Government's educational ideas on educated Chinese. Its effect policies. The China Medical Board on the Christian Church may well also made a grant to assist a group of prove beneficial rather than otherwise, young Chinese physicians in private for tlie attack is far more intelligent practice in developing a hospital. than pre'Vious attacks in the past, and should lead to a more intelligent THE COMPLETION OF THE NEW grasp by the Christians themselves of TESTAMENT IN THE NATIONALPHONETthe fundamental Christian positions, IC SCRIPT gave a new impetus to the and to more Christlike living. It also campaign for a Bible-reading Church makes imperative the preparation of as did also the provision to print the a new and much needed apologetic lit- Old Testament as well. Test classes in erature. teaching illiterate women in difl'eTent parts of North China proved that an THE YEAR SAW A NUMBER OF NOTE- illiterate adult of average intelligence WORTHY DEVELOPMENTS L"I EDUCATION. can learn to read in the phonetic in a The most important of these (apart few weeks' time, provided the local from the merit of the Educational dialect spoken does not vary greatly Commission ~lready referred to) was from the pronunciation of the "Kwoh the invitation from the educational yii" or national language. authorities of the Chinese Government to Dr. Paul Monroe, of Teachers' THE YEAR 1922 GAVE CHINESE College, New York, to VIsit China and CHRISTIANS FOR· THE FIRST TIME A to advise them with regard to their SENSE OF PROPRIETORSHIP IN THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH. The churches educational system. When one con- had been and still were largely "missiders that it is the future education sion churches." While the heir was of one fourth of the human race that a child, the tutor had been the masteT. is at stake it is impossible to exaggerate the importance of the foundRL The National Christian Conference tions now being laid by the Chinese was the celebration of the heir becom- Government for its new educational ing of age. It changed the relationstructure. It is gratifying to know ship of missionary and Chinese Christhat several of the Chinese in educa- tians. The tutor is henceforth a guest tional positions of the highest author- in the home. As the year drew to a ity are Christians. close it saw the host and his guest, hand in hand, a new light of under- This invitation to Dr. Monroe is standing in their eyes, a new hope in part of a settled policy to seek in all their hearts and their faces uplifted important matters the advice of the toward the future, while over their highest authorities to be found in hends floats a banner on which in other lands. Chinese characters, copied from rub- bings of the tomb of Confucius, is in- THE DECISION OF THE CroNA MED- scribed the watchword of the Chinese ICAL BOARD OF THE ROCKEFELLER Church: "China for Christ." FOUNDATION TO MAKE GRANTS TO NON-

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, ALICE M. KYL.E, GERTRUDE SCHUL.TZ One of the beautiful new buildings may rejoice who had part in this beausecured during the Union College tiful undertaking. Campaign is completed. This lovely Indian chapel at Madras was dedi- Around the world, the colleges are cated July 9, 1923. The gift, which rising, expressing the love and Chriscame from a friend who was unwill- tian sympathy of American women for ing that her name should be known, the women of the Orient. has met a great need, and is a beautiful lesson as it stands in the ccnter We are so glad to know that the of the college compound making the Woman's Union Christian. College in Japan, which stands on a hill ten miles from the center of Tokyo, was THE NEW CHAPEL AT MADRAS CHRISTIAN COLLEGE religious life and worship of the col- not injured in the recent earthquake lege central in the whole life of ·the and fire. Money raised for the college girls. was not deposited in Oriental banks, The inscription on the tablet is as which are more or less uncertain, "but follows: has been kept in bonds in the Old "To THE GLORY OF GOD, THIS Colony Bank. Letters of credit were CHAPEr" THE GIFT OF AN UN- given to representatives in China, KNOWN AMERICAN FRIEND, WAS India and Japan which might be paid BUILT A. D. 1923." at any time. In this way, none of the Miss McDougall's description of money was lost in the Japan disaster.

the dedication has gone to the un- The treasurer recently said that all named giver who must rejoice, as all the expenses of handling the funds 1011

will be paid from the interest received ANNUAL MEETING OF FEDERAso that, of the money given for the TION colleges, not so much as a postage stamp will be held back from the field. 25 Madison Av'e., New YorK Those who have helped and who are JANUARY 5·8, 1924 so interested in the growth of these colle-ges will rejoice that every word Saturdll1l A. M., 10·12: 15-<Meeting of the from them is a good word. Executive Committee.

We are aIL'{ious about the student Saturday P. M., 2·4: 15- Report on Student body in Tokyo. We cannot know, per- Work and Foreign Students in America. haps for a long time, how many of them lost their lives or all they have Discussion: The Religious and Missionary suffered, and we shall not know Situation among the Students in our whether they can return to college. American Colleges. Many of them are utterly destitute The Foreign Student Situation in the and will not have the means to come. U. S. What can we do about iU For that reason, we are earnestly hoping that those who can will send to Evening Supper: Oxfo,rd Conference: the treasurer of our Union Colleges Internationalism and American Reac· gifts for ~cholarships. Even with the tion. higher priees, $150 will give a girl The Condition of the Protestant college training, board and tuition, for Cause in Europe and our Responsibility. a year in Tokyo. Will not many send that amount to help girls to finish Sunday, 3: 3[)·5: CHRISTIAN INTERNATIONtheir course and be ready for the great ALISM: Leading speakers. Also two· work of rebuilding Japan, spiritually minute speeches by distinguished Ori· as well as materially' Indeed, all of entals. our colleges will welcome these scholarships. Ten thousand dollars Monday, 10·]2: 15: RBLATI()INSIDP OF FEDinvested in a scholarship fund in ERATION: To Boards, to City Federaconservative securities would pro- tions, to Schools of Missions. duce a scholarship for four years. Weare also seeking professor- Discussion: Uniting our Treasuries. Unused Resources. ships, and have already received the. Study Books for 1924; led by Mrs. promise of one. For an investment of Silverthorn. $2~;UOO, we can provide the salary of Federation of Christian Women of the a teacher perpetually in one of the World, Mrs. Henry W. Peabody. colleges. These are great opportunities and ought to appeal to those who 2-4: 15: Discussion: The Scope and are internationally minded or who be- Place of Distinctive Woman's Organi· lieve that women should have an op- zations for Missions in the Changing portunity to fit themselves for Chris- Order. Led by Mrs. Thonuts NichOlson. tian service or those who are interested in perpetuating the great work which 8 P. M.: 'LAw ENFORCEMENT: Ad· dresses by Ron. Mabel Walker Wille· our mothers founded in all our for- brandt, Washington, D. C.; Mrs. Tilton, eign mission fields. That work, some Mrs. White; Mrs. Bennett; in the day, must pass into the hands of these Town Hall, 113 West 43d St., New men and women whom we are train- York. ing. Let us he sure that they receive the Christian training of these col- Discussion: How to Develop Oriental leges rather than the non-Christian Christian Colleges,: Have we any fur· influence of the Government schools. ther responsibmty f Christian Literature in Foreign Lands: What is the next step'

The Council of Women for Home Missions has been invited to cooperate in the Monday evening meeting on Law Enforcement, which will be of intense interest to all women citizens. It is rather depressing to hear the statement made that if the Church women had been alert and had exercised their rights to vote in New York state the Mullan-Gage Bill would not have been repealed.

There .is a close relationship between the present situation of lawlessness in America today and our attempt to give a message of hope and goodwill to the nations of the earth. We are interested as foreign mission workers,

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

in all movements toward internation- Christian Association. Men are welalism. We were struck, however, with come as well as women. the pertinent remark of a woman who was urged to adopt the principle, A crisis is before us. Every force "Substitute law for war." She asked, of evil is mobilized to break down with reason, "Is America in a position Prohibition and Law Enforcement. to make that statement just at pres- Christian women, known as "rockent? If she cannot enforce her laws ing-chair saints," have no right to within her own borders according to protection and no claim to sainthood her constitution. what law has she to or citizenship unless they know the offer the world T" facts and help to save America by changing public opinion and through Other matters of vital importance their votes. to all our Boards will be presented at this meeting of the Federation in J an- The world is watching America. uary. An invitation is extended to We who represent the great groups of members of Boards and leaders in our women who, through sixty years, have women's mIssIOnary organizations, organized and worked and given great local, state and nat.ional, to att€'lld all gifts for Christian Internationalism sessions, except those of the Executive (another name for Foreign Missions), Committee. must see that America is fit to rally the nations for righteousness. An invitation is extended to all Women's Boards of Foreign Missions A clip sheet ia published by the Law Enforce.. and their officers, with any district or ment Committee and can be secured from the state board· members or officers, to National Ofli'ce, 302 Ford Building, BostOD, participate in the annual meeting and Mass., or from your Women's Board. Books in discussions of the Federation. quantity may be ordered from the same address.

The public meeting on Christian Do not wait for a State Committee. Begin Internationalism will be held on Sun- in your town with your Church women's or· day afternoon, (January 6th) when gan~ations, Rome aud Foreign, your club, the subject of a World Federation of your Parent Teacher, King's Daughters, Christian Women will be presented W. C. T. U. Get together and plan your by Mrs. Peabody. Save America. Campa.ign. The material for programs is in the book. The clip sheet At the public meeting at Town tells how to use it. Hall, Monday evening, on behalf of Law Enforcement in America, Hon- WOMAN'S NATIONAL COMMITTEE orable Mabel Walker Willebrandt, Assistant Attorney-General of the FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT United States, will speak on Law Enforcem€11t and American Women. We take the opportunity of print- Mrs. Elizabeth Tilton, author of ing the announcement of "Save "Save America" and Legislative America" which will be used as a Chairman of Parent-Teacher Associa- study book, in addition to those on tion, and Mrs. Edward Franklin foreign and home mission topics. White, Legislative Chairman of General Federation of Women's Clubs, "Save America" (128 pp.) is full will also speak. This will be a notable of the most interesting and important meeting in which many leaders of the material colleated by the best expert affiliated national societies and fed- along this line. Mrs. Elizabeth Tilerations of women will have part. ton, of Cambridge, Mass., is well This meeting is under the Women's known through her articles in The National Committee for Law Enforce- Survey, her distinguished service on ment and is called by the Federation the Woman's Joint Congrel'lSional of Women's Foreign Mission Socie- Committee, and her position as Legisties, the Council of Women for Horne lative Chairman of the Congress of Missions and the Young Women's Mothers and Parent-Teacher Associ- ations. There are also articles by the following authorSr-Mrs. Kathleen Norris, Hon. Mabel Willebrandt, Ida Tarbell, Mary Anderson, Professor Henry Farnam, Professor Albert Bushnell Hart, and Judge William Boardman. Perhaps the most impor-

tant of all are Mrs. Tilton's articles. Ammunition for the battle, arguments, facts, In the one on Race Survival she statistics of every sort, with clarified statestates that the two great enemies of the race, according to Richard Cob- ments of the present situation, political and otherwise" (4) Programs for clubs, churches, piazza groups; debates, e·te, All to work den, are alcoholic liquor and war. He towards Registration Rallies in the spring stated in 1855 that America was prob- of J924–object to get every last law-abidably the place where the battle for race survival would be fought out, if ing citizen registered. Save America Ral- lies in Odober, 1924, every last dry to the polls voting right.

America did not become too choked Register! Enroll! Votel with prosperity. 25 cents, SelI a million 4'Save America.u Many women do not realize that 302 Ford Bu.ilding. Boston) Masl!.

this battle is still on in America. The EVERYLAND victory may be decided this year. CHRISTMAS IS Oo~nNG! Have yon sub- scribed to the best Christmas preseut for Are we women ready for the test of boys and girls, the magazine Everylani17 ourcitiz€'llship 1 We have the organizations in our Home and Foreign Mis- It is the only one with the definite objec- tive, W:orld Friendship. It is Christian. It sionary Societies to the last frontier. tells wonderful stories of Home and Foreign Missions and World Peace. Children love it, We have local women who will re- Onr Boards have promised to stand by_ spond if their Boards call them to meet this situation. You are not doing your duty unless you see that the children of your Church and homes We quote from the circular issued have Everyland. by the Woman's National Committee Subscription $1.50 a year. Headquarters -E1Je'I'yland, West Medford, Massachusetts. for Law Enforcement. 'Vondcrful premiums are offered, an il- THE 19TH AMElNDMENT CoMES TO THE RES- lnminated message for your boy and girl to OUE OF THE 18TH AMENDMENT be framed and hung in the room, beautiful The Woman's National Committee. for pictures. Send for premium list· and send Law Enforcement has been formed to put your SUbscription as soon as possible for Everyland. Do you want World Peace~ Allegiance to the Constitution and Observ- Then educate your children in World Friendance of Law into the heart of every Amer- ship which is a part of world-wide Chris- tian missions. ican eitizen and to work for the enforcement of all law with special stress on the Prohi- bition Law, that being today the front where What the Christmas Bell Said the battle against lawlessness must be By MARGARET R. SEEBACH waged.

The Committee has affiliated with it the "I ring the bells," said the Christmas bell, following organizations all of which have "The whole wide world around; passed strong enforcement resoJuUons- Each bell that rings for peace or joy General Federation of Women'8 Clubs, Has caught my silver sound.

Young Women's Christian Assoeiation, Con- gress of Mothers and Parent-Teacher Asso- "I hush the jangling temple bells ciations, American Legion Auxiliary, Fed- That tell of woe aud sin; el'ation of Women's Boards of Foreign I ring them ont of every land, Missions, Conncil of Women for Home Mis- I ring the Christ-child in.

sions, International Order of King's Daugh- ters, National Council of Women, Woman's "The church bells ring because of me; Christian Temperance Union. Becanse I ehime His birth, This war for enforcement of law, the The sounds of Sabbath chimes go out Committee realizes, must, in the last analy- To circle all the earth_ sis, be won at the polls, for law enforce- .ment officials are either elected or appointed "The school bells ring because of me- by elected officials. The Committee, has, Al! knowledge comes from Him; therefore, prepared a tool for producing in They tinkle on beneath the Star 1924 an avalanche law and order vote, that That never shall grow dim.

'sball secnre dry officials from President down to the last Alderman. This tool is a book "The joy-bells ring for every heart, Because of Him who came entitled To save the dark and weary world "'Save America." From ignorance and shame_ edited by Elizabeth Tilton, ProgrartIB by Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Chairman of the "Then ring with happy chime today General Committee.· "Save America" tells The school bells of Japan, (1) What leading women think about Pro- And teach her gentle maids to know hibition, (2) How to enfores the law, (3) The blessed Son of Man I "

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK THE CHRISTMAS CHILD , nity trust, due to the fact that behind The little Child J esllS, all smiling and sweet, it are the commercial interests of large Lies in a cold manger, Wise Men at his feet. financial inst.itutions which desire to retain within their own administration o 'erhead in the sky, rays stretched to the the estates and deposits of their cus- tomers after these customers have earth, Shines the Bethlehem star that tells of His birth.

Chant praises, shout welcome, died. Exultantly sing I Second, already some of the more Hail with glad greeting sagacious administrators of these com- The Christ.(,'hild our King. munity trusts have discovered that The little Child Jesus, asleep in the hay, the community trust is not broad enough in its scope to command the Brought from the Father a guide to the full confidence of men who think in terms of human welfare and continu- Way- ing approval. Some are already mak- ing modifications of the principles The Way we must travel, the pathway of upon which they were originally es- Love, Come, follow the Light that shines from above I -K. N. B.

WISE PUBLIC GIVING tablished, in order that they may be From the report of the Committee on Trusts the custodians of larger benefits than of the Home Missions Council and Council of Women for Home MissiQns for 1922, Charles those which pertain solely to the com- L. White. chairman. munity.

In January, 1922, the Home Mis- Third, already in one community sions Council and Council of Womffi where the community trust has been for Home Missions appointed a small established, two groups of men related committee, which was called the Com- to the management of the community mittee on Trusts, whose duties how- trust have deemed it desirable to or- ever have been much broader than the ganize, outside of this community name indicates. Thil:l committee has trust, separate trusts for the adminis- held two largely attended conferences tration of funds designed for religious composed of treasurers and financial purposes. One large financial insti- secretaries of missionary boards and tution entered into a community trust other religious organizations at which agreement and laterwithdrew from it, the following subjects were con- clearly recognizing that the plan was sidered: Systems of accounting, an- not broad enough to satisfy the legit- nuities, community trusts and the imate needs of its constituency Uniform Trust for Public Uses, uni- t.hrough any considerable lapse of form legislation affecting missionary time.

benevolences, and publicity in the in- Fourth, one of the most prominent terest of annuities, bequests and dona- financiers of the country pointed out tions to missionary objects. the perilous possibilities for the phil- Community Trusts anthropies of the country and the world at large, if the community trust The plan of community trusts, idea were to hold in a city like New which was inaugurated in Cleveland York, where much more than one half in 1914 and has been adopted in over of the fluid wealth of the country is forty cities of the country, has been in centered, and benefits were only to use long enough to justify certain accrue to the residents of New York.

conclusions. l!"ifth, the principle embodied in the First, there is very serious peril in- community trust, in accordance with volved in the growth of the commu- which the benefits of a donation or a 1021

bequest may in later years be trans.. and character, having power to accept ferred from an object no longer pos- trusts for its own purposes and suitsible to maintain, to some other object able equipment for the management which is c10gely related to the original of trust funds, he may wisely make intentions, under the direction of a his donations and bequests directly committee qualified to make decisions, to such corporation as trustee for has been proven of great and abiding such purpose. value. The possibility of substituting one benefit for another kindred to it (b) W:hen a persun contemplates obviates all of the infelicities and in- the creation of a trust for some charijustices which have been so well- table object and is uncertain as to the known under the common designation precise methods of carrying his purof "the grip of the dead hand." pose into eifectorcontemplates benefit- ing a class of persons, an organization The Uniform Trust or a group of organizations, the per- petuity or management of which may .A plan entitled The Uniform Trust be open to question – in these and for Public Uses, has been drawn by similar cases of doubt and uncertainty Daniel S. Remsen of New York City, -he may wisely make his donations an expert in the preparation of wills. and bequests to a suitable trust com- This plan embodies within it the prin- pany or bank, having trust powers, ciples last mentioned respecting the which is prepared to receive trusts substitution of a vital interest for under an agreement known as The a dead interest when conditions, Uniform Trust for Public Uses, and through the lapse of time, have alto- thus avail himself of suitable progether changed from those which ex- visions therein made for future isted when a donation or bequest adjustments and adaptations safebecame established as a trust. The guarding his original intentions and Uniform Trust for Public Uses has tending to reduce causes for litigation been submitted to a large number of to a minimum. legal advisers. In its final form the plan has met general approval from One of the great benefits of The many official and legal advisers of Uniform '!'rust for Public Uses is that Protestant, Catholic and Jewish or- it may be in use all over the country, ganizations and also from many may be known in every part of the financial institutions, some of them land, and lends itself to common unthe largest and most influential in the derstanding and common publicity. country. The benefits of this trust plan will accrue, not to that large majority of The following statements express our people who know exactly what the sentiment of a conference of treas- they wish to do and are proposing to urers and financial secretaries of mis- make our organizations the custodians sionary boards: of their funds, but to that small minority of individuals scatteTed 1. As a general rule philanthropic throughout the country, who are more purposes can best be promoted by or less detached from church relationdirect and absolute donations and be- ships, and yet through inheritance or quests to suitable institutions engaged tradition, or in some other way, have in the desired work. a desire to benefit the objects for which the Boards exi:>t and without 2. If a public. benefactor does not knowing precisely how to do it, turn wish to make an absolute donation or to the trust company or bank with bequest but desires to create a trust which they have .for a long: time been he should do so preferably under one doing business and make them their of the following plans: trustees or seek their counsel and ad- vice. In such cases, if The Uniform (a) When a person has clearly in Trust for Public Uses has been mind a definite object for which he adopted by the trust company or the desires to create a trust and that object is cared for wisely and well by a suitable corporation of permanence

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

bank which is consulted, then the pos- absolute gifts and gifts in trust for sibilities are at hand for the inten- charitable purpose; tions of the donor or the testator to be carried out in the interest of non- 5. By furnishing forms of and inlocal objects. formation concerning gifts during life as well as devises and bequests suit- There are valuable services which able for various charitable purposes; the community trust can render to its own community. The Uniform Trust 6. By encouraging a sound policy for Public Uses me€ts equally the same in the selection, constitution and operlocal needs and at the same time makes ation of committees and other agencies full provision for non-local benefits of for distribution of funds to be shared a wider scope, both national and world-wide, in which missionary or- by a group of charities Ci. e. to superganizations are interested. vise uniform trusts within certain Central Body for Advice fields) ; At one of the conferences an expres- 7. By encouraging the making of sion of opinion was formulated as better wills with a view to the prefollows: vention of unnecessary litigation Cco- operating with State Bar Associations There should be created a Bureau, and similar bodies) ; Committee or Association for the Promotion of Better Wills and Wiser 8. By furnishing the cooperating Pnblic Giving to represent and speak agencies a codification of the laws of for and work in the interests of the the various states covering wills, legabodies which compose the Home Mis- cies, inheritances, taxes, etc. sions Conncil and Council of Women for Home Missions, which may grow Financial and Fiduciary Matteu to include the Foreign Missions Oonference of North America, the Coun- The Annual Meeting of the Home cil of Church Boards of Education, Missions Council and Council of the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., and Women for Home Missions in Janany Protestant denomination or de- uary, 1923, appointed a Committee nominational board. on Financial and Fiduciary Matters, to succeed the Committee on Trusts. H may render important services: Thii:! committee gives attention to 1. By formulating canons of wise all of the interests related to these public giving; subjects, and seeks the fullest co- operation possible between mission- 2. By encouraging the intelligent ary, educational, and philanthropic understanding of the broad field of organizations. charitable purposes and the portions and classes of the human race requir- Correspondence', which is cordially ing assistance, with a view to aiding invited, may be addressed to the Home in the selection of wise charitable pur- Missions Council, 156 Fifth Avenue, poses and means of benefaction; New York, N. Y.

3. By furnishing information re- The leaflet, "Wise Public Giving," may be garding agencies for the promotion obtained from the Home Missions Council for of charitable purposes generally or in 4 cents, $4.00 per 100; also the pamphlet, particular fields of charity, including "Annuity Funds for Missionllry Work," 6 cents, corporate names, etc.; $4.50 per 100.

4. By furnishing information as to TO GIVE IS TO LIVE the advantages and disadvantages of He is dead whose hand is not open wide To help the need of a humau brother, He doubles the leugth of a life-long ride Who gives his fortunate place to another; And a thousand million lives are his Who carries the world in his sympathies, To give is to live.-Lowo!!.

FROM ,MANY

NORTH AMERICA are 1,700,000 members in these Pres- The lVeek of Prayer byterian churches in the United T HE annual week of prayer for the States. churches is set for January 6 to 12 inclusive. The Federal Council of National Missions Conferencc T the Churches of Christ in America HE Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the asks all Christians to observe this week at this time of great need for u. S. A., which has come into existence temporal and spiritual wisdom and as a result of the reorganization of the for the manifestation of God's power various boards of that church, held in in all parts of the world. Pray for New York City September 20th to the purity, unity and peace of the 26th a conference composed of execu- Church of Christ, for the regeneration tives and staff counselors of the board, of individuals and the reformation of together with representatives from society, for more evidence of Christ- each synod and also from certain like love and more self-sacrificing designated presbyteries. Under this devotion to the cause of Christ call 105 men and women came together throughout the world. in this conference.

The main topics suggested for ser- These represented a personnel of mons and prayer services have to do 4,445, conducting 7,700 different en- with thanksgiving, repentance and terprises within what is to be in the intercession concerning the Church future jurisdiction of the Board of universal, the nations and their lead- National Missions. The principal ers, foreign missions, education, the work of the conference was the prep- home and the youth, and home mis- aration of the budget of askings for sions. Copies of the circular, con- the coming year, the year 1924-25.

taining lists of topics and Bible Other matters of importance also came references, may be secured from the before the Council, such as a unified Colinoil at 105 East 22d Street, New promotional program for the Board York City, of National Missions, a projected building program covering a period Presbyterian Missions in Peril of five years, and organizational sug- AC.ALL has gone out to Presbyteri- gestions for carrying out the work of ans to make sacrificial gifts in the National Board of Missions order to prevent disaster to the mis- through synods and presbyteries.

sionary work of the Church. Owing to expenses incurred during the war, and Conference of Governors to other causes, a deficit of $657,187.57 GOVERNORS of thirty-two states has been accumulated. If this is not and two territories assembled in provided for from increased gifts, it Washington on October 20th, at the will mean the closing of stations and call of President Coolidge, to con- the curtailing of the work in a way sider the subject of law enforcement, that will involve disgrace, if not dis- and in particular the enforcement of aster. The Board of Foreign Missions the prohibition laws.

calls earnestly upon the members of Speeific problems in which the the Church to avert this catastrophe states and the nation can cooperate, by making sacrificial offerings with a as outlined by the President, have 33% increase over last year. There respect to the smuggling of aliens into 1024 the United States, the regulation and be required to appoint their represale of narootic drugs, and prohibi- sentatives and the first meeting of a tion. Attorney General Daugherty General Council, elected according to and Prohibition Commissioner Haynes the constitution and method of the also spoke to the governors, reempha- United Church, will be held. The prosizing the President's plea for state vision made for the governing bodies cooperation in law enforcement. of the United Church consISts of an interesting combination of the polities The governors pledged their sup- of the three churches. The unit of port to the following program: organization is the" pastoral charge," which may consist of more than one 1. Coordination of all federal, state, local church, and be governed by an county and municipal forces. official board, made up of a session and a committee of stewards. The 2. A caU on the press to support prohibi. next higher body is to be called a pres- tion law enforcement, stress law observance, bytery, and consist of the ordained and treat the enforcement program in a ministers and an equal number of non- manner commensurate with the gravity of ministerial representatives. The con- lawlessness. ference, meeting annually, and con- sisting of the ministers on the rolls of 3. A summoning of conventions of the presbyteries and an equal number municipal, county and. state enforcement of non-ministerial representatives, officials at convenient dates to discuss and constitutes the link between the pres- adopt a program for the state, the federal bytery and the General Council, which government pledging every possible support is to meet once in two years. to these eClUventions. A Useful School for Aliens 4. A eall on prosecuting attorneys to confer, the governors pledging support with ~~THE School for Practical Arts" every faeility to aid in such discussions. for immigrants and their chil- 5. Adoption of all practieable means to dren, was founded in Old Concord, cause lawless citizens and aliens to respect near Washington, Pennsylvania, in the majesty and sanctity of the law and 1920, by the Presbytery of Washing- the various agencies enforcing it. ton as an interdenominational enter- prise. It is an industrial and farm 6. Cooperation by national authorities in school for which 370 acres of land all these activities. were donated by the Rogers family. The support comes from voluntary 7. Education of children to the evils of contributions. Last year it cared for the use of alcohol through the superin- twenty-five boys and girls, ranging in tendents of instruction in the public sehools. age from ten to twenty-six, and from the first grade to high school. Many The United Church of Canada can speak no English and therefore could not attend public schools. THE organization by the Presby- terian, Methodist and Congrega- The institute takes the pupils out of tional Churches of the United Church evil environment, teaches them Engof Canada, was discussed in the Sep- lish,gives them Christian instruction tember REVIEW. Certain legislation and trains them for· useful tra:ies. must be passed by the Parliament of Canada and the provincial legisla- 'rne trustees are prominent pastors, tures, to give effect in the civil law educators and business men of Washto the union. When the proposed ington, Pittsburgh, Wheeling, Clevelegislation has been secured, the 350 land and elsewhere. The president is members of the first General Council, Dr_ Joseph W. Dunbar, the secretary, for whose appointment provision has Rev. C. L. McKee of Washington, Pa., already been made by the three unit- and the treasurer, Professor O. F. H. 'ing Churches, will meet and will have Bert. two years, if necessary, within which to organize the United Church on the lines laid down in the "BII.!!is oI Union. " All existing courts, committees, boards, etc., will continue to function as at present until the reorganization is effected. Within two t"ears after the meeting or the first General Council the newly ol'ganized conferences of the United Church will 5

The curriculum is adapted to the received by Dr. W. O. Forbes of needs of these foreigners and the cost Seattle, superintendent for home mis- of tuition and board is very low. The sions of Washington Synod. Nearly greatest need of aliens in America is $2,500 has already been subscribed.

practical Christian education. This -The Continent.

will make them assets and not liabili- ties. The institute greatly needs ad- Southern Women Fight Lynching A ditional funds to furnish adequate T the annual meeting in Atlanta of the Commission on Interracial equipment and support for this important work. Cooperation, the woman's section of The Gideons' Bibles the Commission brought in a vigorous paper on lynching and asked the Com- THE society of Christian traveling mission to authorize that the matter men known as the Gideons has be brought to the attention of the placed in hotels of the United States various women's organizations of the and Canada 558,619 Bibles. The South and that they all be asked to largest number, 54,916, have been cooperate in a sustained and syste- placed in the hotels of Illinois. Other matic efl'ort to eradicate this great States follow in this order: California, evil. The Commission, which has been 46,266; Pennsylvania, 36,679; Ohio, constantly at work to this end, gladly 36,464; Iowa, 25,929; Texas, 25,399; gave its approval to the plan by un- Michigan, '21,5il3; and New Jersey, animously adopting the resolutions 20,059. presented by the women, which were "This, " comments the Watchman- in part as follows: Exanvi.ner, "is a noble and praise- Resolved, That we deplore the failure of worthy work. We wonder how many state governments to handle this, the most conspicuous enemy to justice and righteousof these Bibles are really read. The ness, and the most fiagrantviolation of the Gideons hear of many who read them, Constitution of our great nation, and that and many who are recalled to better we definitely set ourselves to the task of living by these Bibles." creating such seutiment as is possible to us in each State of our territory to the end Memorial to Pioneers that not only sufficient laws shall be enacted to enable the trusted officers of the law to THE name of Dr. Marcus Whitman, pioneer missionary to the North- discharge their full duty, but to secure the enforcement of the laws now in existence.

west Territory, has become famous, but his associates are less widely Indian Medicine Men M known. Dr. and Mrs. Whitman and ISS FRANCES DENSMORE, of the bureau of ethnology of the Dr. and Mrs. H. H. Spalding were the first Protestant missionaries in Smithsonian Institute, who has that region, the ladies being, as one made long study of the methods of inscription puts it, "the first white Indian medicine men, says that they females to cross the Rocky Moun- use music to treat both physical and tains." In 1847 Mrs. Whitman and mental or nervous disorders, its main Dr. Spalding were massacred' by appeal lying in the power of rhythm.

Cayuse Indians, and three years later Some l!Iedicine men give herbs and Mrs. Spalding died, never having com- sing to make them efl'ective; others pletely recovered from the shock of sing to the patient, but do not make the crime, for which she believed the use of herbs. Sometimes the Chip- Jesuit missionaries to be responsible. pewa doctor sings: " You will recover, The Christian people of the North- you will walk again. It is 1 who say west have not forgotten the memory it. My power is great." This is for of these martyrs, and have been ac- patients unable to walk. There are cumulating a fund to erect a suitable different songs for different ailments, monument to Dr. and Mrs. Spalding. A Yuma medicine man said: "After The money for this purpose is being singing my fourth song, I always ask

NEWS PROM MANY LANDS

the patient if he feels better. The Orientals in Vancouver sick man has always said that he felt better. " A song is usually sung four THE many Chinese and Japanese in times, then there is a pause, and the Vancouver and other parts of song is again sung four times. Some- British Columbia constitute a mistimes there is no singing, but a drum sionary opportunity, of which Miss is beaten or a rattle shaken. Here the Hellaby, of the Anglican Chinese throbbing rhythm is depended on to Mission, writes: "The living condihold the attention of the patient. The tiolls of the Chinese are largely re- Indians are masters of rhythm, says sponsible for the vices to be found Miss Densmore, and she believes they among them. 'Vhen they come here could teach the white race something they are generally young and inex- .about its curative power. perienced, probably never having been away from their. native village before. On the Mexican Border They are cut off from the examples and influences that have guided them THE missionary work of the M. E. hitherto, and from all semblance of Church at Mexicali met with a home life, and lodge in crowded quarserious loss when a $2,000,000 fire ters with men whose morals are neceswiped out the center of this important sarily of a very mixed description. point on our Mexican border and, with Their mental and spiritual equipment many other buildings, destroyed both are pitifully slender compared with the Chinese· and Mexican churches the demands made upon them, so there. Th'e Chinese plant had been in there is small wonder if before long use only about two years and served a they acquire the habits of their asgroup of several thousand Chinese sociates, not always from choice, and engaged in the raising of cotton and with many an inward struggle. Those in other pursuits in the Imperial interested in the distribution of drugs Valley. Most of them are men and induce these young people to form a many of them young men in great taste for them, so that they will do the need of friendship and guidance. At work of distribution in order to obpresent temporary quarters are being tain wherewith to supply their own used, but they must soon be vacated. needs, and when anyone is caught and English classes form an important brought to justice it is generally one part of the work here, and one of the who is himself a victim of others who regular attendants at these classes is remain safely in the background." the secretarv to the Governor of Lower California.• Next door to this Chinese LATIN AMERICA church stood the Methodist Mexican mISSIon. The building used was a Child Labor Banned in Mexico rented structure, but its destruction has caused serious embarrassment to SENOR F. ROEL, New York Conthe work. Following the fire a poor sul General from Mexico, speaking Mexican woman offered the use of her at the International Humane Confersmall home made of sticks and grass, ence, which met in New York City in and services are being held in it at October, said that 1,500,000 children present. A home must be provided between the ages of four and fourteen for this Mexican group. All of this have been liberated from a working work is directed by the workers from day lasting from dawn until nightfall the mission in Calexico, California, by the child labor provision of the which forms practically one commun- Mexican Constitution. Under the ity with Mexicali, although the two Com;titution, a maximum day's work places are separated by a more or less for children between twelvc and sixinvisible international line. The teen years of age is six hours, the Con- Methodist Church is entirely respon- sul said, and child labor under the sible for the Mexican as well as the age of twelve has been abolished, Chinese work here. while the Government is rapidly es- tablishing both day and night schools

for the development of these children, have destroyed religious liberty and who, he added, in the days of peonage closed all non-Romanist public wor- were driven to prolonged labor which ship. But the Peruvian Congress dwarfed them physically, mentally would not approve the concordat, The and morally. 'Roman Catholic archbishop theI). 1I0n- ceived another sehe'llle for accomplisl1- Progress in South America ing the s'arne end without having to W H. PEARCE, Associate General submit it to the "godless" Congrel!ll. • Secretary of the World's Sun- r~ast summer, with the President's apday School Association, writes after a proval, he announced that he WaS recent tour in South America, of the development he observed along var- going to consecrate the whole Peru- vian people to the Sacred Heart of ious lines: Jesus. That meant that every Peru- "Progress is being made in temper- vian would be understood individually an ce reform. A striking instance is the leadership of President Alassandri to have committed himself to "the of Chile. He himself is a total ab- Sacred Heart." The students of the stainer and an avowed advoeate of prohibition. During the recent Pan- University and the five thousand American conference at Santiago, he gave a dinner to the delegates from workingmen who are in university ex- the United States and served no strong tension COilrses -immediately protested.

drinks. Judge of my indignation to They arranged f()r a procession Ie'am that afterwards a dinner was and public meeting. As the pro- cession rna-rched up the stre~ts of Lima given by Mr. Fletcher, leader of the it was halted and fired upon. A *stu- U. S. delegation, and drinks were dent and a workman were killed. The served. President Alassandri was government soldiers tried to get pospresent and turned down his glass. session of the bodies, intending to " Considerable progress is being give them a quick and secret burial made in behalf of education. Increas- and so prevent any d€'lllonstration in ingly large plans are being made to connection with the funeral. But the provide public schools. We saw students and workmen secured the scho()l buildings that w()uld do credit to any community or nation. The re- bodies and all night long, more than quirements for the professions are be- a hundred strong, they guarded tl1em ing continually raised. Opportunities inside of the university building. for agricultural and mechanical edu- They threatened to burn the Univercation are also being multiplied. But sity sooner than surrender the bodies, it is most difficult for South American At two a. m. the President of the Releaders, bound by tradition and training to a policy of education of the public came and called off the soldiers. leaders only, t() become enthusiastic in The next day something like ten thoubehalf of universal education. And so sanrl people formed a great procession long as from sixty to eighty per cent at the fune·ral of the martyrs. Soon of the people are illiterate, religious after notices appeared that the plan to consecrate the population had been given up. The archbishop himself took an early ship for Rome.

-(Jhri.~tian Wark.

education is m()re difficult." . Ene:mies Reconciled Religious Liberty in Peru REV. ANGEL ARCHILLA tells in the Latin American Evangilist THE President of Peru is so ardent the story of two Veneozuelans who had a clerical that he attempted last been bitter enemies for many ydeaayrs~ spring to get the Peruvian Congress seeking each other's lives. One to adopt a concordat between Peru native evangelist called at the home and the Vatican. The concordat would of one of them, opened the Bible and have re-established in Peru the status began to read the Sermon on the there before 1910. Practically it would Mount. The- people of the house were

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS 1()29

very much interested in the stranger Dr. Nightingale said that in Eng- and his message, but when he read the land there was a Federal Council of words of Jesus, "Love your enemies," Churches, but that it could deal only this man turned pale, and said, with ecclesiastical matters and could "There is only one man in Venezuela not touch any of the public questions and in the whole world, whom I can- of the day. Just now the great theme not either love or bless or pardon. For of the Council is the union of the the rest, I like it all, it is very Anglican and the Free Churches, the precious. " , fate of which is not determined and The evangelist, seeing him so moved, the issues of which tremble in the invited him to kneel with him in balance.

prayer; and when they rose from their knees the man who had so hated Eva.ngeU.m in London T his enemy was able to pardon him, to HE month of October was given over in London to evangelistic love him, and to bless him sincerely and from his heart. The story of this meetings under the auspices of the marvellous change soon reached the Metropolitan Federation of Free ears of the other man, who thought he Churches. The leaders were Bev. would find out what had wrought the Douglas Brown and Rev. Lionel supposed miracle and bought a Bible ]<'let~her, and their efforts were richly that he might see for himself. He blessed. Mr.· Fletcher stated in the searched for the Sermon on the Mount opeoning days of the campaign that its and having found it, read it oveor and object was not so much the holding of over again. Then, without dagger, or a series of gospel meetings as such, gun, or 'fIUIchete, his only weapon the as an attempt to awaken the churches Word of God, he started out to find the man that had been his enemy. to a proper sense of their responsi. And these two who for long years had bility to win the outsider for Christ. lived with the one thought of killing At the ministerial conferences which each other, now, moved by the love of were held, both missioners were deep- Christ, embraced each other as broth- ly impressed with the enthusiasm, esers pardoned and reconciled. pecially of the younger ministers. They are anxious for some new form EUROPE of evangelism to meet the changed ctmditions of the day. Several of these Councll of English Churches ministerial conferences included the REV. THOMAS NIGHTINGALE, Anglican clergy. In several of the D.D., general secretary of the Na- districts t.hey united with the Free tional Council of the Free Churches Churches in furthering the campaign of Great Britain, gave two addresses by local simultaneous missions, in on "Christian Unity" this autumn in some cases extending over several New York City under the joint aus- weeks. The campaign aroused napices of the Christian Unity Founda- tional interest.-The Life of Faith.

tion and the New York Federation of Churches. He spoke of the council of The Bible in IrelaDd C Christian churches in England, which ONSIDERABIJE light on the con- dition of Roman Catholicism in includes Roman Catholics and the Salvation Army, and said that its mem- ll.'eland and also its social relation to bers are agreed on four lIUItters of Protestantism may be obtained from social legislation, the gaining of the the 74th annual report (1922-23) of first of which they owe to Lady Astor: the Societ~' for Irish Church Missions That no intnxieating drink shall be sold to the Roman Catholics, with which is to. youth under eighteen 'Years of age; local incorporated the Scripture Readers' option fnr England and Wales; Sunday closing o.f public houses; placing social Society and the Irish Society. This clubs under the same police supervision as society dates back to 1846, when the earnest effort began to be undertaken the public houses.

to promote Reformation principles in show many signs of vitality. Yearly Ireland, largely through the distribu- conferences are held for the deepention of the SeripJures. Work is car- ing of spiritual life and there is an ried on in English and Irish. It is increasing desire for Christian unity. regarded as a link between the Epis- The- Bible and other Christian litercopal churches in Ireland and Eng- ature exercise a great influence on all land, to the latter of which it looks classes and one third of the newsfor a large share of comfort and sup- papers are avowedly Christian. As in port. Last year's report is distinctly other countries, religious education optimistic. A wave of revival blessing needs to he safeguarded against the swept over the North of Ireland, and inroads of rationalistic unbelief. the agents of the Scripture Readers' Society were happily engaged in help- The missionary interest of Swedish ing to shepherd the results. Hun- Churches is evidenced by the activity dreds of men and women have been in SC341dinavia and in foreign lands. raised to newness of life, and the The Lapps were evangelized by King Scripture readers. who work among Gustavus Vasa and other foreign work them are warmly appreciated by the was undertaken in heathen lands as rectors who superintend their labors. early as 1634. There are today about Six colporteurs were at work during 635 Swedish Protestant missionaries the year, llnd in spite of troubled in foreign lands, not counting those times a decided increase in colportage sent out from America.-DR. JOHN sales is reported.-Record of Christian Work. RINMAN.

Religious Progress in Sweden Catholics in Italy and Ohio WHEN Ansgar, the Apostle of the THE opposition of the Vatican to North, visited Sweden in 830 the activities of American Meth- A. D., he found that the Gospel had mlists in Rome has been noted in the already been introduced some years REVIEW. Now the Chrisi'ia.n Century before by Scandinavians who had quotes a report that the Italian Govheard of Christ in other parts of ernment has warned the Methodists Europe. The :first country to break in Rome that it will not tolerate the away from the papacy was Sweden, existence of their conspicuous Protfor Protestantism was made the state estant school, wllOse commanding site religion in 1593. Since that time, upon one of the hills of the ancient Sweden has progressed steadily in city is an affront to the Catholic peoeducation and religion. Many schools ple of Rome and an insult to the Holy are supported by the churches and Father. "Catholicism is the religion missionary societies. uf a majority of the population and Protestantism must confine itself to The Lutheran State Church now humble locations." In contrast the comprises 2,588 parishes which sup- editor places a report from Cleveland, port a Foreign Mission Board and a Ohio, where a movement is on foot to Young People's Church Movement. l'ajse $3,000,000 for a Jesuit univer- The FTee Churches include the Swed- sity. The appeal is to all citizens reish Mission ~tls.<;ociation (Independent gardless of creed, and there will Lutheran), with 100,000 members; doubtless be generous response from the Bapti.sts, with 60,000 members; many non-Catholic citizens who conthe Methodi.sts and Salvation Army. sider that the Jesuit control is merely rrhese Free Churches conduct their an incidental feature, and continues: own theological seminaries and Sun- u It is a Httle hard to have satisfacday-schools, and cooperate in the tory reciprocal relations with an or- Young Men's and Young Women's ganization which claims equal rights Christian Associations. In religious where it is in a minority and exclusive life and activity, the Free Churches rights wherever it has the power to enforce them." .

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Outlook in Czecho-Slovakia appreciative parents. We are in daily ONE of the most cheering features touch with nearly one thousand peo- of the modern movement in ple, children, parents and friends. Czecho-Slovakia, according to a cor- The instruction has been in Polish, respondent of The Life of FiUth, is the national spirit has been empha- "the number of young men who are sized in these schools. They have dedicating themselves to the ministry recognition at last from the Polish in the Evangelical Churches. Though Government, being the first piece of the membership of the Roman Catholic Methodist work to receive official sup- Church still far outnumbers the Evan- port in Poland. In the years to come gelical membership, there are almost we can enjoy more and more privias many students in the Protestant leges. It is very important that this Theological College as in the Roman work be continued. As you have Catholic Seminary. Many of the min- heard there were 88,000 boys and isters speak English, a certain pro- girls on the streets of Warsaw last portion of them having spent part of September without schooL Our work their time in Scotland as students in has reduced this number by 400, but the Presbyterian theological colleges the great task lies ahead."

there, and others having returned from .America, where there is, of AFRICA course, a large Czech population. This Religious Liberty in Egypt T widespread movement has taken place HE new Constitution of Egypt, says the Record of Christian Work, almost entirely in Bohemia proper, and is found only to a limited extent generously safeguards such religious in Slovakia, the southern portion of liberty as now exists. While Article the republic; but there also the fire .149 states that Islam is the religion burns. Just at a time when Protes- of the state and Arabic is its official tantism throughout Central Europe langnage, we find the following: Aris in distress in so many quarters, ticle 12. Liberty of conscience is abpartly owing to the difficult economic solute; Article 13. The state protects, conditions, and partly owing to the in harmony with usages established in fact that so many Protestant churches Egypt, the free exercise of any reclosely linked with the State receive ligion or faith, on condition that it is less money from that source, it is not contrary to public order or good heartening in one quarter to find such morals; Article 16. No restriction marked advance, in which wisdom, in- will be imposed on the free use of any itiative, and eagerness are significant- language in private relations, in trade, ly combined." in religious aifairs, in the press or in pUblications of any sort, as well as in Methodist Schools in Poland public gatherings.

PROFESSOR F. C. WOODWARD, Winning the Chief's Consent superintendent of the educational and industrial work carried on in OKITO and Ngongo are two wives Poland by the M. E. Church South, of the African chief Wembo writes: "We wish you could have Nyama, who since 1916 have been been with us today as we visited the wanting to be baptized. Says Mrs. four schools of the mission conducted D. L. Mumpower, of the M. E. Church this past year for street children. It South: "The Catholics, who fight us was a most impressive sight. With by telling the natives things about us dirty little bare feet, ragged clothes, which arc not true, told the chief that pinched faces, but with glowing eyes, if he ever let any of his wives come these little tots of seven and eight into our church organization he would years received their certificates, kissed have no more control over them; that their teachers' hands, made stiff bows, if at any time we wanted one of them and rushed to the arms of poor, but for a wife for one of our workmen or

for one of our preachers we would just tion which, if unaccompanied by take her and that he would be power- Christianity, will mean worse than less to do anything. This was told heathenism to the native and a lost him when we began our work and the opportunity to our Church. "

chief believed it. Even later when he Embarrassment of Success knew us well, he wouldn't allow any of his wives to be baptized. He was ALETTER from Rev. John M. still afraid to run any risk." Finally Springer, D.D., of the Rhodesia in 1922 he gave his consent to the Mission of the American M. E. baptiilm of Okito and Ngongo, but, Churcll, gives two glimpses of the says Mrs. Mumpower, "I told him a work: "It is necessary to have one paper would be given him saying that of our strongest pastor-teachers at Okito and NgOIlgO were his even Mt. Makomwe to deal with the chief though members of the Church. .And and this man is really acting as the I told him that if anyone ever tried head pastor of the circuit. He has to take them away from him on the inaugurated monthly meetings to be ground that they were Christians he held at the various stations in turn, was to come to the mission and pre- where there is a miniature three-days sent that paper. He was willing to do camp meeting and with camp meetthis. A paper means so much to ing results. Indeed, the success of them. .And I am sure that when that work is our present embarrasschief Wembo Nyama dies that paper ment, for we had four deputations tG will be found among his valuable pos- the main meeting at Mt. Makomwe, numbering about fifty each, asking sessions. ' '-Mig.'nonary Voice. that they might have pastor-teachers, A New Congo Station as they were from five to ten miles SOUTHERN Presbyterian mission- from any other station. That was a aries in the Congo have sent to wonderful meeting and as the bell the home Church an urgent appeal for rang out for early morning prayers men and money to open a new station and the more than four hundred young Oll the southern frontier of their pres- people gathered under the trees in ent mission. These are some of the that romantic spot, we were reminded arguments that they use: "(1) Since of Lake Geneva and other of the the Southern Presbyterian Church has young people's conferences that we assumed before the world the respon- bad attended at home …. About 1,500 sibility of the evangelization of all the native people assembled at Umtali Buluba-speaking tribes of the Congo, the day before conference. They came and since the natives of this new dis- from all parts and there would have triet speak the Buluba dialect, they been many more if we had known the are strictly our responsibility, and if date of the conference long enough we fail to enter into their territory ahead to tell the farther stations.

with the Gospel, no other missionary There were over 100 pastor-teachers society will. (2) They have long and 880 Christians partook of the sac- awaited our coming, and many times rament. We could not help contrast- native delegations have walked 200 ing this with the condition we found miles into Luebo to ask for native on arrival in 1901, when there was teachers. How long must they wait T not one member, probationer or hearer (3) If Ilative teachers are sent so far connected with our church. God away with no mission station near by hath wrought wonders in this work."

to follow up their work, no permanen.t NEAR EAST work can be established. (4) A rail- The Republic of Turkey road now under construction will not touch any of our present mission sta- ASSOCIATED Press dispatches tions, but will pass through this new from Constantinople late in Octerritory. It will cause an influx of tober announced the establishment of commercialism and Western civiliza- the Turkish Republic, with Mustapha

1923J NEWS FROM M~NY LANDS

Kemal as President for a term of four ized the International Near East Re- years, subject to reelection. Accord- lief A~sociation, with its objective as ing to the new Turkish Constitution, follows: " To promote cooperation the National Assembly will have legis- and increased efficiency on the part lative power only, the executive power of all organizations and individuais being intrusted to a Cabinllt rll!>pon- who are seeking to relieve suffering, sible to the Assembly. A Council of provide for the care of orphans, or State will fulfill the functions usually otherwise promote the moral, social, cared for by a parliamentary upper economic. educational and industrial house. The members of this Council development of the Near East."

will be appointed by the President of Cbarles V. Vickrey, Secretary of the the Republic. American Near East Relief, was elect- Church and State m Turkey ed President and Chairman of the Executive Committee.

OLIN P. LEE, recently Y. M. C. .A. secretary at Adana, is quoted in The Jerusalem Patriarchate the Record of Christiam Work as stating that the separation of church and PROFESSOR CHA.RLES H. state is one of the real reforms at- BOYNTON, of the General Theotempted by the Turkish (ffivernment. logical Seminary, New York, recently returned from the Near East, is " The change effected will in time have far-reaching consequences," he quoted in the Christian Century as follows: "There is no question of the says. "One of the new measures, I am told, requires that all boys who are seriousness of the situation that exists being educated as Moslem religious in the Orthodox patriarcbate of Jeruteachers must have their early train- salem today. It is not only a question ing in the secular schools maintained of the maintenance of the sallred by the G1.Ivernment. After so many . places in the Holy Land, which are Yllarl:> in thllsll schools they will enter under the care of the patriarchate, the religious schools. Heretofore can-, but the downfall of the patriarchate didates for the priesthood have taken would. mean the disintegration of the their entire education in the religious Church in the Near East……. The schools. If this reform is carried out, finances of the patriarchate are in a it cannot help but have a liberalizing depldtll.ble condition; due largely to a influence in time. The better class of series of misfortunes rising from the Turkish leaders is decidedly limited. There are not enough to go around. World War ….. The position of the The opposition to even such changes dhurch in the Neat 1llast is not com- parable to any of the church activi- ties 8S we know them bere. The as that proposed is formidable. One sphere of t.he Church is much wider of the reasons for the great interest taken by the present government in the1'e, extending to education, general orphanages for Turkish orphans is welfare and even legal protection of its communicants. There are no pubthat they rely on these orphanages in lic schools, as we know them here, and another generation to furnish a crop education is entirely in the hands ol of recruits for the progressive ele– the Church. The ChUrch i. unable to ment." maintain schools at present and; as a !esult, the child!en ot <h1hodox par- Union in Near East Relief ents afe being brOU15ht up in igno- A$ the result of a conference held rance or faced with the alternative of at Geneva in September by rep- attending Mohammedan schools, which resentatives of Australia, Belgium, they will do only in very rare cases.

Czecboslovakia, Denmark, England, Practically the entire Christian popu- France, Germany, Sweden, Switzer- lation of Palestine of school age, com- land, United States of America, prising about 8,000 children, is left Greece, and Cuba, there was organ- without any means of Christian in-

struction. This means that, unless aid Through these agencies there has is brought and the patriarchate en- arisen a Protestant community in that abled to renew its activities, the next city some of whose leading young men generation in the land where Chris- are graduates of Beirut College and tianity was born will be utterly igno- are among those now most importurant and Christianity will perish in nate for America to give them leaderthe land of its birth." ship and encouragement in the great work to be done, not only in Mosul, Greek Patriarch Dismissed but down the whole valley of the Arab Kingdom of Irak to the Persian Gulf. ACCORDING to a dispatch in the Since 1918 the ~~merican Near East New York Times, Papa Eftim, or Relief, made up largely of mission- Efthimios, who is supposed to en- aries, themselves exiles from Persia joy the patronage of the Angora Gov- and Kurdistan, have cooperated with ernment, appeared early in October the. British in caring for 45,000 Chrisat a meeting of the Council of the tian refugees-30,000 the remnant of Ecumenical Patriarchate and ordered the Christian population of northwest the councilors to sign a document dis- Persia that had fled before the commissing the Most Rev. Meletios Meta- bined Turkish and Kurdish armies, xakis, Greek Patriarch of Constan- and 15,000 the survivors, mostly womtinople, who is now in retirement in en and children, of the Armenian a monastery on Mount Athos. The deportations. This humanitarian Archbishop of Cresarea resigned and service has served as a striking apthe Archbishop of Rhodopolis assumed proach to the Arab, so long inaccesthe Patriarchate as locum tenens. The sible to the Gospel. Work is now becouncil, apparently seized with panic, ing carried on at Mosul by the Presyielded to the demands of Efthimios. byterian Church in the U. S. A. The mission house built by the C. M. S. New Work in Nineveh has been purchased and Rev. James W. Willoughby and Rev. Roger C. "WHEN the word Mosul appears Cumberland are on the field. in our current papers and mag- INDIA AND MALAYSIA azines," writes Mrs. E. W. McDowell, "not every one locates it at once as Changed Attitude toward Christ the site of ancient Nineveh." Mosul was made a Protestant mission center REV. STANLEY JONES, a Methby the American Board, in the early odist missionary, spoke at the part of the last century and became annual convention conducted by an outpost of its work at Mardin in American Presbyterian missionaries· Turkey; but later the work in Mosul at Saharanpur, in the Punjab, and was transferred to the Church Mis- told of the changed attitude of India sionary Society of London. A small toward Christ. Nine years ago Dr. work was carried on by this society John R. Mott spoke to educated nonuntil the great war, when, because of Christians in a large hall in the city England's heavy financial burdens, of Madras. In the midst of his adthe las! missionary of this society, dress, when Dr. Mott mentioned the Miss Martin, was withdrawn in the name of Christ, the audience hissed. spring of 1922. The Presbyterian Recently Dr. Jones gave a series of work over the border in Persia has addresses in that same hall to edutouched Mosul through its touring cated non-Christians. The size of the evangelists who have at times for audience increased night by night and t.hirty-five years made Mosul a center the last night the hall was filled and while working in the mountains of people were standing outside on the Kurdistan among the Syriac-speaking verandah. Dr. Jones's message e-very people, some of whom live in Mosul night was Christ. The last night he and on the contiguous mountains.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

told them how to give themselves to Christian Women Organize Christ. Then he said, "I am going to pray a prayer of surrender to PRESBYTERIAN missionaries in Christ," and he asked that all who Vengurla, India, report the growth could, pray after bim sentence by sen- of independence and self-reliance tence. Most of the people in the large among the Christian women. They audience repeated the prayer after have organized a society to carry the him. Christian message to non-Christians in and around their own city, and to Reorganbation in Bombay aid the local church as much as pos- sible. In an intensive evangelistic THE Representative Council of campaign carried on by them nearly Missions in Bombay Presidency, one thousand persong over fourteen at its twelfth annual meeting in Sep- years of age were reached by six tember, worked out into its final form teams. Over 400 gospel portions and a plan whereby Indian Christians hymn books were sold. All their may have an equal amount of repre- prayer me'etings are permeated with sentation with missionaries on the the theme of s(iul winning, and the Council. The Council now changes quickening of their own spiritual life its name, bencefort}l being called The is very noticeable in consequence. Bombay Christian Council, on which Indians and .non-Indians will sit in CHINA … equal proportions. The new Council will be made up of 76 members, com- Prayer for Language Teachers prising 24 representatives from 11 central Church organizations in West- AN organized prayer-effort to win ern India controlling over 100 to Christ the Chinese teachers of churches, 27 representatives from 21 the Nanking Language School started missions with several hundred mis- last year. Weekly and finally daily sionaries, 6 representatives from other meetings were held with them, and at missionary bodies such as the Bible the same time the students were de- Society, and 19 coopted members. In- voting ~pecial services to pray, plan cidentally, the neW Council is an elo- and work for their conversion. Before quent proof of the growing Christian school closed twenty-five teachers unity in India.-Dnyanodaya. signed cards declaring their definite desire to become Christians. In June e'ight of the teachers united with the Church.

Outcaste Mass Meeting A Bible-Reading Church AREMARKABLE meeting of Ma- AT the annual meeting of the hars, Mangs and other outcaste Australian branch of the China communities was held in Peth village, Inland Mission an address on the il- Bombay Presidency. The local com- literacy of China and what the new mittee built a large tabernacle, with phonetic script is doing to combat it corrugated lron walls and burlap roof. was delivered by Miss Susie Garland, On the floor were 400 or 500 outcastes secretary of the Phonetic Promotion seated. On the platform were the ed- Committee. She said: "Thank God ucated men who led. The chairman We' have today the whole of the New was a Mahar, a memher of the Bom- Testament in this phonetic script. We bay Provincial Legislative Council. A have also some books of the Old Tesfew Brahmans were in the audience. tament, several hymn books and a REsolutions were passed for compul- number of gospel readers and various sory education of their own communi- other books. A great variety of ties, and for improving habits of primers, charts and other teachers' people, especially in the abolition of helps, with much material for propacarrion eating. The last resolution ganda work, has also been prepared. expressed their appreciation of the The motto of the Phonetic Promotion work done for them by missionaries. Committee is 'Every Christian a

reader of the Bible and every Chris- faith of Christ crucified, and they tian a teacher of illiterates.' At the have begun the manful fight under National Christian Conference in His banner against sin, the world, and 1922 we had one Chinese Christian the devil. And we must pray that who 'came a long railway journey to they shall .continue to be Christ's show us how he could read the pho- faithful soldiers and servants unto netic Testament. He was a farmer, their lives' end."

and quite illiterate, unable to read or to write. In a neighboring village a Child Labor Question in China friend of his had learned to read phonetic script. He had not been prop" THE first article of the labor proerty taught, but had picked it up f~om gram adopted by the Chine~e somebody else. In a very short tllI~e Christian Conference, and quoted lD the farmer, with the help of thIS the REVIEW, reads, "No, child under friend, learned to read the New Testament. He was so delighted when he twelve to be employed." This article had learned to read· himself, and to write a little, that he had begun to went into effect September 1st under teach his fellow-villagers, and when he came to the Shanghai Conference an agreement of the cotton mill ownhe had twenty people in his own village studying the Bible, learning to ers near Shanghai with the Child be Christians, and preparing for baptism. This is only one of six or seven Labor Committee sitting in that city, villages opened to the Gospel in that particular distriet· through the teach- and aU children under twelve were ing of phonetic script." dismissed from employment. Previ- ously several thousand minors had been employed. Chinese women's scilounbs~cehdouoclsatiaorneawl aourkthinogrituiepsoannad mis- free educational program for these juve- nile workers, to go into effect immedi- ately. Industrial standards in China A Ohinese Judge Baptized are slowly but sur()ly making an im.

I T was a great occasion for the Chi- pression upon public opinion, and nese Christians. in Yunnanfu, Miss Agatha Harrison, head of the South China, when the chief judge of industrial work of the Y. W. C. A. in the District Procuratorate was bap- China, has been one of the most eftized. Rev. E. S. Y"u, a Chinese pas- fective agents in bringing this about. tor writes in the C. M. S. Outlook In China mere babies toil at night, of'the occasion: d This judge is the work in ten and twelve-hour shifts, first official holding any important po- stunted and dwarfed by their unchildsition to join any Christian church in ish toil. In Peking twenty-seven arthe province. He and Mr. Han, the ticles of labor legislation have been husband of our newly.engaged woman introduced. The aim is to get these evangelist, were baptized at the same articles accepted and enforced in diftimc. It simply did one good to hear ferent industrial centers, working them answer the questions demanded through the local Chambers of Comof them reverently, distinctly, and merce. 'rhe Chlld Labor Committee !l.udibly. The whole congregation was in Shanghai, which was instrumental most orderly and serious, and wit- in bringing about the present child nessed the rite with reverence, accom- labor situation there, was appointed panied perhaps also with suppressed by the Municipal Council of the local excitement. On the other hand, I was government.

deeply impressed by the naturalness and serenity and readiness of the two Attacked by River Bandits B brothers I had the privilege to bap- ANDITS are familiar figures in tize. There was no doubt but that reports from China nowadays, they fully realized the significance of but the following experiences of Rev.

the step taken. Thank God that they and Mrs. M. S. Schlichter, of the have not been ashamed to confess the China Inland Mission in Anshun,

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

K weichow Province, are unusual in Missions to Tibetans T that they occurred on a water trip. HE China Inland Mission lms a mission at Tachienlu, on the east- He writes: ' ,We had gone only about ten miles from Panghai when a band ern border of Tibet, where the people of robbers along the river bank fired are found to be very ready to hear at the boat just ahead of us, calling it the Gospel. The Disciples of Christ in to shore. 'l'hus we escaped, but we are also carrying on a work on the met another band a couple of miles Chinese border and the Seventh Day farther on. This time they fired on Adventists have recently opened a disus and ordered us to land. W €' obeyed pensary in Ta-chien-Iu. From Darat once! a..Ttd when we had come to land jeeling, India, missionary work is they proceeded to go through our be- done by Scotch Presbyterians on inlongings, helping themselves to what- dustrial and C'vangelistic lines and the ever they wanted. The'Y took of our Moravians have a station on the southgoods to the amount of about $100, west border in "Little Tibet." Most and then left us, uninjured, for which of the Bible is translated and printed we were thankful indeed, for they in Tibetan and there is a great need were a fierce looking lot, all armed and opportunity for the distribution with rifles, swords and short knives. of Christian literature. Three or four miles farther down the river we were fired on by a third band, JAPAN-CHOSEN but this time we were right near a Faithful Japanese P swift rapid, and the boatmen seeing ERSONAL letters from Japan since the earthquake bear frequent their chance to escape put all strength to the oars and got to the rapid be- testimony to the faithfulness and loy· fore the robbers were near enough to alty of Japaoose servants and helpers. force us to land. After that we had An American lady who lived next door clear sailing down to Shanghai, thank to the building of the Woman's U:r;tion God!"-China's Millions. Missionary Society in Tokyo was im.

Each One a Street Preacher prisoned by a falling roof, but was released after a time, not badly in- ANEW method of street preaching, jured. Later she was with the Japa- which puts all the Christians at nese group at the mission until taken work instead of one or two, was reo- away in a refugee ship to Kobe. She cently tried by some American Pres- writes: "Servants were heroic-won- byterian missionaries from Hengchow, derful-everywhere. They cannot be HlIDan Province, China. Mrs. G. L. too highly praised." A Mrs. Akana Gelwicks writes of it: "On a recent was caught in the burning city and it trip to one of the older congregations was ten hours before she could reach in a county seat, we instituted a new, her home. There she found· her serv- plan of street preaching. Formerly ant, a Japanese maid who had been after singing a hymn, different per- with her six weeks, faithfully caring sons spoke in turn, one addressing the for the little boy, Paul. She had run entire group. This limits the number with him to a safe place at the time of who can assist. Our new plan is for the first shock, but later had returned all to gather in the church for prayer to the house which was still standing in the afternoon. Then we take the and, although it was shaking and very large character hymn charts to the unsafe, had entered it and gathered streets, each person carrying some together her mistress's and the little tracts to give out. After singing to boy's clothing and other necessities draw a crowd, no one would address and removed them to a place of safety.

the entire group, but each would talk Mrs. Akana writes: "I do not dis- to one or more pegple in the group, count all the stories which must have and thus have a share in the work. come to America of violence and rob- This plall was tried and worked splen- bery, and doubtless most were true, didly. " for it was bound to be, given all the

conditions, but my own personal tes- solved that a campaign for the- eraditimony is that I saw nothing but cation of leprosy within the Empire quiet and order and a great many had become necessary. There were mutual kindnesses.' 1 present at this inaugural meeting a number of prominent medieal men. Bibles for Japan The objects of the new Association will include the support of leprosy THE effects of the Japanese earth- research and the extension of the use quake are being noticed along f'f the latest methods of treatment of many different lines of missionary ef- the disease, also further means for the fort. One of these was the shipment reduction and cV6ntual eradication of by the American Bible Society in Oc- leprosy in the various parts of the tober of five truckloads of Bibles Empire. The Rev. Frank Oldrieve, printed in Japanese. The shipment is Secretary for India of the Mission to the- first vf a series to be made from Lepers, has accepted the appointme~t th!' United States until the society is of Secretary of the new Association. able to replace plates destroyed in the -Without the Camp. earthquake and to resume printing in Japan. More than 500,000 volumes, Presbyterian Allianee Meeting it was stated, already have been printed in New York by photographic proc- FURTHER reports of the Zurich ess to replace the volumes ordinarily meeting of the Presbyterian Alliprinted in Japan. ance, referred to in the November REVIEW, state- that the 125 delegates GENERAL represented twenty-six countries and thirty-eight different churches and in- Leprosy a World Problem cluded the leaders of the churches of continental Europe. The conference THE problem of leprosy has rE"- discussed the condition of the Euro- cently been approached from two pean churches and what might be done broad points of view. The first was to help them, the revival of the work indicated in the Third International of the Roman Church, church unity, Conference on Leprosy, held at Stras- the social problems of the churches, burg, JUly 28th to 31st, under the and the oppression suffered by the auspices of the French Government on churches in southeastern Europe. In the occasion of the centenary of the Transylvania two hundred congregabirth of Pasteur, when delegates were tions may be lost unless there is impresent from almost every part of mediate relief. Churches there, in the world where leprosy is prevalent. Jugoslavia and in Czechoslovakia are The Conference met in the Institute of undergoing difficulties. The confer- Hygiene, and was opened by the Min- ence suggested to the Eastern (Euroister of Hygiene. The later sessions pean) and Western (American) secof the Conference were presided over tions of the Alliance that they appoint by the Preside~t, Dr. Jeanselme. The a joint deputation to visit these coun- Secretary was Dr. Marchoux. At the tries and examine into conditions in various sessions the subjects dealt with them. " The conference, " says a were: Statistics from the Countries writer in Chrigtian Wark, "is a pleaswhere Leprosy is Prevalent, the Eti- ant contrast to the earlier one at Lauology of the Disease, Pathology of sanne. There the churches, just come Leprosy, Treatment, Social and Pri- out of the Great World War, weore all vate Prophylaxis and Legislation. in great straits and some quite dis- organized. Today, in spite of poverty The second matter of interest to and oppression, they are thoroughly friends of lepers was the organization organized, hopeful and ready for of the British Empire Leprosy Relief work." Association at a meeting held recently in the India Office, at which Lord Chelmsford presided, when it was re-

MIlSSJ[ONAllY

The .Tew and Xis Mission. I!;enry Ostrom. ecy or with his outline of coming Cloth. 157 pages, $1.25. Bible Institute events, but all should agree with his Colportage Association. Chicago. 1923. meanwhile program of giving the Gospel to the Jews as individuals. He The mission of the .rews in the past says: "What is the Christian's pres- ent-day duty in behalf of the evanis generally acknowledged. Other na- gelization of Israel f On the very face tions fulfilled the divine purpose in of it, the answer to the question must various ways, but to Israel was given be measurably affected by the fact the supreme privilege of being the that fifte€'ll million souls of men in blindness and hardness of sin are in channel through which the revelation the presence of Christian people, of God and His salvation was given to whose field is encompassed by nothing all the world. Not all Christians, less than the word 'whosoever' ….. . however, think of the Jews of the How a person with a Bible in his present day, or of those in America, hands can advocate missions to Mex- icans, missions to South Americans, as related to a present or future pur- missions to Alaskans, and to Asiatics, pose of God for the world. Africans, and to the benighted among the isles of the sea, and neglect or It is this aspect of the Jewish prob- oppose missions to Jews challenges reasonable consideration." lem which is considered in this volume. The author recognizes in the marvelous preservation of the Jews throughout the ages, amid all the flux of time and circuIIlBtance which have submerged other nations, and of persecutions specially designed to destroy Tthheemy, thhea-vfeulfreilCm€e.lvnetdofaa "dicvainlhe.npgla0nf. India's Religion. By Dr. Julius Richter, Professor of Missions at the University God" which has never been revoked. of Berlin. One of the "Philosophische They have a mission which it should Reihe," (Row of Philosophical Books).

be the concern of the Christian Rosl & Cie. Miinchen. 1923.

Church to understand and consider in In its slavish adherence to details, the carrying forward of its work. its comprehensive mastery of the sub- The author links the future of the ject and its presumption upon the Jews as a nation with their accept- inte-lligence of the readers, Dr. Richter ance of Christ when He returns to has given us a typical German study reign in .Jerusalem. The present of the subject. It is tended to serve movement looking toward the estab- as a mission study book, but is far lishment of the Jews in their ancient above the level of such books in the homeland indicates that the divine English language. After tracing his- purpose is on the way to fulfilm.ent. torically the development of India's Their return unevangelized will be religions from the time of the Vedas attende-d by widely extended apostasy, to modern Hinduism, the author gives n- the rapture of the Church, and the a rather extended analysis of the chief appearance of Anti-christ. Then, types, including the modern practical nally, Christ will come with His saints movement looking to religious and to reign in .Jerusalem, the Jews will civillibert.y as headed by Gandhi and be won to Him and under His leader- other leaders. The book is a fine COll- ship will become the evangelists of tribution not only to the study of the nations. comparative religions, but also to the Many Christians will not agree with modern missionary problem as such.

the author's interpretation of proph- It blazes the way fQ:r a higher type of 1039 .

lllisslOnary textbooks. It should be The "fudustrialization of China" translated and placed at the disposal of English-speaking students and sup- is a good chapter for business men; porters of missions. and to save her from the dilemma of China in the Family of Nations. Henry T. materialism and militarism, which Hodgkin, M.A., M.B. 267 pp. New York: GeorgE' H. Doran Company. $2.00. 1923. Occidental Powers have thrust upon A former medical missionary in her, Dr. Hodgkin thinks that we find China has' returned thither after years of successful service in England "a missionary task of the first magas secretary of the Friends' Foreign Mission Association. Acting now as a nitude. We owe it to China to give Secretary of the China National Christian Council, he has unusual fa- our best thought and some of our best cilities for knowing the Republic in its varied secular, international and people to her to help in the solution religious aspects. It is thus a volume which records, interprets and enforces of a problem we have done so much truths which every Christian of broad vision should know. to create."

The opening chapter is rather com- "The New Thonght Movement," monplace, and the second one on the treasures of the past, is not especially which most surprised Dr. John R. new. After passing those pages, the reader is plunged into international Mott in his last visit to China, is very themes W:l in 1840 China began to touch outside nations in a serious way satisfactorily set forth in chapter X, and respond to the new contacts. Then the Republic is unfolded to us, though. thanks to the helpfulness of Dr. T. T. pue wonders whether the Chinese would agree with him in some of his Liu and Dr. de Vargas. pritieisms of that chapter. In chap- ters VI and VII the author discusses In his final chapter, "China's Gift what he rightly calls "one of the JJlost difficult o.f all the questions con- to the World," Dr. Hodgkin comes to cerning China's relationships to for- eign powers." As a member of the the hardest part of his task, he as- Society of Friends he accomplishes his task with some frankness and serts; and he forsakes his rOle of his- vigor-yet he "speaks the truth in love. " Rarely have we seen so con- torian and assumes the mantle of the cise and yet complete a summing up of the China-Japan question as is prophet. It might better have been found on pp. 134-38. entitled, "Gifts Most Needed from the Now ~ goes afield, and in "China, Europe and America" we have an ex- Christian World"; and in his five ceedingly clear presentation of thC' outsta.nding relationships and prob- specifications on pp. 243-49, following lems of this international group. It is .rather startling to read here, "I think his list of six great needs of China, no European nation is so popular in China today as is Germany," and Rus- the Christian reader sees what the sia fares better in his treatment than it usually .does-as in Secretary Church can do to bless that nascent Hughes' utterances, for eXlimple. Republic to realize its manifest des- tiny in Asia and as part of the unified world. H. P. B: The HistOl'Y of the Yornbas: From the Earliest Tim.es to the Beginning of the British l'rotectorate. By the Rev. Samuel Johnson; Edited by Dr. O. JohnBon. With a map and Frontispiece. New York: E. P. Dutton & Company. 1921. pp. Iv & 671. :li8.00.

The author, an Anglican clergyman -of Yoruba parentage, patriotically de- termined to write a history of his fatherland, and sent the manuscript to a publisher in 1899. In 1900 the publisher said he had lost it; and in 1901 the author died. Some years later, his brother set himself to write the history anew, availing himself of copious notes and rough copies that thc author had left; and in 1916 he sent the publishers his new manu- script, by a boat that was captured by a German raider. The manuscript was I!:iven up for lost; and in 1918 the fateful document was delivered to the London printers. By this time, the sion upon Calcutta. Yet Dr. Duff cost of paper had enormously in- went to get inspiration and direction creased, and publication was delayed of a sort from the little veteran. He till 1921. decided to cut loose from the Seram- The book is not so much a history pore Triad in one vastly important as a compendium of facts and tradi- particular-he would employ English tions concern~g Yoruba speech, cus- as the basal instrument in his propa- toms and doings. .As an African ganda; and it was what made Lord attempt to produce African literature, Macaulay famous, that he was led to it deserVes commendation j but its follow in Duff's wake in this policy. misuse of pronouns and lack of logical It is in chapter XIV, "The Christian sequence tends to confuse English Educationist," that Mr. Paton makes readers. It is lilrely to do its best ,his best unit of contribution, though work in Nigeria; but its tales of throughout the volume he throws in avarice, ambition, truculence, treach- frequent references to educational cry,· petty intrigues, jarring cliques, theories and practices later than those slave-raids, and gory glory are a use- of Duff's day. His final chapter, "The ful corrective to the belated European Man Himself," is a portrait worthy notion that Africa's" simple children of being enshrined in every earnest of nature" would be happy enough student's heart and frequently looked if only Europeans would leave them upon in reverence. The volume lacks alone. A book for the Reference Li- color and the inspirational quality brary and the shelves of the specialist, which Duff ought to evoke, but it is rather than for the average reader. most worthy of every intending mis- sionary educator's careful reading. w.c.w.

Alexander Duff. Pioneer of Missionary Edu· 1I. P. B. cation. William Paton. 240 pp. New York: George H. Doran Company. $1.50. Henry Loomis. Friend of the Ealt. Clara 1923. Denison Loomis, with introduction by Rob- ert E. Speer. Portrait, 150 pp. $1.25. Dr. George Smith's full and Fleming II. Revell Co. New York. 1923.

abridged editions of Duff's life are This is a simple record of a noble out of print and altogether too full missionary life,.by the missionary's for the present-day reader, classics daughter. In the introduction, Robthough they were. Mr. Paton of Cal- ert E. Speer says: .

cutta has now written. a sizable and "The best values of life and char- readable life of one of the most forma- acter were in Henry Loomis-loyalty, tive and strongest of missionary edu- faithfulness, modesty, industry, con- cators. One hardly knows why the siderateness, love. Every memory of author should have chosen the sub- him is cleansing and genial. "

title, "Pioneer of Missionary Educa- Of New England stock dating from tion," when he wrote only thirteen 1639 in Connecticut, Henry Loomis miles from Serampore where Carey, was born in 1839, entered Hamilton Marshman and Ward had erected its College in 1859, enlisted in 1861, was famous College, the first institution in 21 battles and skirmishes, twice empowered to grant degrees in the wounded in the Wilderness and was India of a century ago. Of course at Ilee's surrender at Appomattox. they did many other things and 1'e- Graduating at Hamilton in 1866 and ceived their salaries from the East at Auburn Senrinary in 1869; in India Company, but they certainly 1870-71 in the Hawaiian Islands to were missionary educators all the attend the jubilee commemoration of same. the establishment of missionary work, he was, from 1872 until a health Mr. Paton calls Carey a "great edu- cationist" and admits that Serampore breakdown in 1876, in Japan under College had a great work, though too the Presbyterian B{)ard-with an infar away to make much of an impres- spiring life companion in Jane Her- 6

ring Greene. Back to Japan in 1881 Ian P. Beach and prepared under the to continue until his death in 1920, direction of the Board of Missionary Loomis came into close touch with Preparation. The author is Professor such historic personages as Prince Ito, of the Hist'lry of Religion and Mis- Prince Katsura, Bishop Honda, Kim sions in the Pacific School of Religion Ok Kyun. His services in the work and has spent over ten years with of the American Bible Society in Ja- Buddhist peoples of eastern Asia. He pan and Korea for a generation; his is therefore thoroughly familiar with devotion to wounded and prisoners their life and literature and has given in Japan's wars with China and Rus- us an interesting volume, well written sia; and his accomplishments as ento- and of practical value to students or mologist and his graces as hospitable workers in Buddhist lands.

host, friend and Christian-all are. This volume deals especially with well presented in this loving filial the Buddhism of Burma, Ceylon and sketch by one who helps now in Japan Siam, commonly known as the Hinato perpetuate the sweet savor of the yana, though it has departed far from name of Loomis. J. G. D. the ideals of the founder. In a few Congo Missionary Conference. A Report of vivid sketches the religion of these countries is portrayed as it is lived the Eighth Congo General Conference of by these people. We see the monastic Protestant Missionaries. 214 pp. Bolobo; Congo BeIge. 1921. school and its moral teaching. We This report should be available for gaze upon the women the supporters all students of African missions, and of conservative religion. We also realespecially for all secretaries of socie- ize as never before the moral needs ties having work in that continent. It and the social conditions.

is not as devoid of general interest as In the sixth chapter the author dis- so many reports are, for the reader is cusses B'uddhism as a living religion carried into the midst of African mis- pointing out its strong side as well as sionary counsels and sees, probably its weakness. In chapter seven he for the first time and very intimately, treats the approach to the Buddhists the conditions and problems which of Southern Asia, where the emphasis face missionaries there. How invalu- varies in each country and so each able for missionary candidates and has its distinct problems. In all these junior missionaries in the Congo lands, however. the missionary must would be Dr. Mumpower's paper upon have clear Christian convictions; he "Means for the Development of the must be willing to appreciate new as- Native." And Mr. Roome's paper pects of old truth, and must have a upon "East-West Africa Chain of sympathetic sense of beauty and Mission Stations" would answer in a humor. The last paragraph of the measure questions as to further ex- chapter thrills with the opportunity pansion in Equatorial Africa that to win these son!! of the East to allegi- Board secretaries are often asking. ance to our Lord and Master who WhHe the discussions are only briefly placed so much stress on the mystical reported, the minute secretaries were side of 'religion.

evidently master hands in selecting es- While the author appreciates the sentials in such informal discussions. good points of Buddhism, he also con- We commend the Report and con- structively criticizes its weaknesses so ,gratulate its compilers. H. P. B. that the small volume is the harbinger Buddhism and Buddhists in Southern Asia: of the new approach to these great re- By Kenneth J. Saunders. 12mo. pp. xiii ligions in the spirit of Christ.

and 75. $1.00. The Maemillan Company. Appendix I gives use,ful hints for New York. 1923. preliminary readings on Buddhism in This is the second volume of the Southern Asia. Appendix II contains "World's Living Religions Series", a practical bibliography of thirty- edited by Frank K. Sanders and Har- four items. L. H.

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DR. NATHAN SODERBLOM, Archbishop oclt Upsala and Primate of Sweden, has bee. For Gifts- making an American tour under the auspice, of the W <>rId Alliance for International Send your friends the finest Chi- Friendship through the Churches, and was one of the sJ.leakers an the annual meeting nese Jasmine Tea and crystalized of the AmerIcan council of that body, in ginger from the Land of Sinim. Philadelphia, Nov. 13th to 15th.

Tea in bright red Chi. *** nese basketS, • $1.25 RASOA, one of the Malagasy workers nnder the L. M. S. in Madagascar, has reo tired from the position of school inspector Tea in decorated tea. and examiner after forty.four years of de- voted service. table tin boxes .50 ** Ginger, ~.lb. boxes, • .75 REV. AND MRS. S. B. RcmoLD of the London Ginger, 1.1b boxes, 1.25 Jews Society, have returned to their work at Haifa, in Palestine. I will supply greeting cards, wrap and mail the parcels direct to the addresses *•• you send-timed for Christmas or other gift delivery-at no extra cost to you. GENERAL FIliNG is expected to attend the As my supply is limited. I would sug- General Conference of the M. E. CIlhl.u,rc~h gest you place Christmas a iers now. which is t<> be held at Springfield, a lay delegate from North China.

*** REv. Y. NIADE has been chosen to fill the newly created Protestant Episcopal bishop- MRS. ELSIE CLARK KRUG ric of Osaka, Japan.

IMPORTER ** 2227 St. Paul Street CHANNING H. TOBIAS has been appointed Senior Secretary of the Colored Men's De.

BALTIMORE :: MARYi.AND partment of the International Committee of Y. M. C. A.

** REV. FRANK W. BIBLE is the newly ap- pointed secretary of the men's department NEW BOOKS of the central district of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, with head.

Twenty·Five Years of the L. M. S. (1895- quarters in Chicago.

1920). A. T. S. James. 176 pp. London.

Missionary Society. 1923. MISS JENNIE DE MAYER has been positively TeJugu Mission-Report 1922. W. A. Stan· refused the desired permission to go into ton, Editor. 110 pp. C. L. S. Press. Afghanistan, and also forbidden to leave Madras. 1923. Russia. The la.test news from her stated that she hoped to go to Khokand and work Short Missionary Plays. Margaret T. Ap· among the Sarts there. plegarth. 183 pp. $1.00. George H. Doran Co. New York. 1923. *** More Short Missionary Plays. Margaret T. PAUL DE RCHWEINITZ. Secretary of Mis· Applegarth. 184 pp. $>.00. George H. Doran C<>. New York. 1923. of si<>ns in the Moravian Church in America, has just completed twenty-five years un· interrupted service as a Provincial Elder, World Service; A Religious Pageant. AI· and in that period he has seen the member· fred L. Faust. 30 pp. 25 cents. Meth· ship of his church increase forty·eight per odist Book Concern. New York. 1923. cent, ana the contributions to benevolences Joy from Japan-Recreation Programs. five hundred per cent. Catherine A. Miller. 200 pp. Heidel· berg Press. Philadelphia. 1923. * Progressive Suggestions for Planning DR. LUELLA MINER has been loaned t<> the Churoh Buildings. Edited by Rev. Elbert Shantung Ohristian University in Tsinanfu M. Conover. 48" pp. 50 cents. H<>me for a year as Dean of Women and teacher Missions C<>uncil. New York. 1923. of religious education in the School of TheoI<>gy. Christian Yoga: Or the Threefold Path *** of Union with God. J. O. Winslow. 49 OBITUARIES pp.' Is. Sooiety for the Propagation of :M:Aru< E. BoTHAM, a member of the China the Gospel. London. 1923. Inland Mission since 1915, died on August Buddhist Philosophy in India and Ceylon. 29th from fever contracted in the mountains A Berriedale Keith. The Religious Quest of Kansu, Northwest China. He was a son of India Series. 339 pp. lOs M. Ox· of missionaries and went to China to take ford University Press. London. 1923. up work for Chinese Moslems.

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The Chinese Recorder JOURNAL OF THE CHRISTIAN MOVEMENT IN CHINA Independent-Interdenominational- International Established Fifty-Four Years Aims to Interpret China of To-day as Seen in New Intellectual Life, Social Changes and Religious Movements, Original Articles by Chinese Writers A Neces.rity to Libraries and those Concerned with the Needs and Aspirations of Changing China PUBLISHED MONTHLy-Each issue contains at least sixty-four pages SUBSCRIPTIoN-United States and Canada, $3.00 gold CHINESE RECORDER, 5 Quinsan Gardens, Shanghai Sample copy sent on request At the Mercy of Turkish Brigands Three New Books by Miss APPLEGARTH A new book, by Mrs. D. C. Eby. A gripping nar- SHORT MISSIONARY PLAYS rative of tbrllUng experiences, .and hair-breadth escapes of five missionaries and three hundred More SHORT MISSIONARY PLAYS Armenian orpbans. occupying a compound tor several months, directly 'between the besieging Turk- Miss Applegarth has done nothing more original ish forces, and the Armenian city of Hadjin. than these plays, which cover both Home and Fascinating as fiction. but absolutely true. 285 pages, cloth bound, price n,75, Foreign Missions. T'ney are so simple that the smallest churches can produce them, and their Redemption Completed missionary appeal is far greater than any address. B,. REV. J. A. HUFFMAN Titles in. UBhort Missionary Plays": Color Blind; An exceptional book, touching every aspect of 'Kimona; The Latest Victor Record; Just Suppose; hUman existence. It treats man in all his rela- The Girl Who Fell Through the Earth; Seven Keys to Mr. Bald Pate i Hands Up !; Fare, 'Please j' IndeI1ble j tions. from his Eden Paradise to the eternal state. The Gospel According to the Telephone Book: Paln It is not speculative, but entirely Scriptural, un- StI"<let. folding the Word of God in an unusual and interesting 'Way. It is a classic on full salvation. Contains oveJ" two hundred pages, frontispiece of the Titles in ."More· Short Missionary Plays'·: Empty Stockings; Christmas Tree Pageant; Strictly Private; author and j8 BUbstantially and beaut1fu]]y bound Galatea Takes a Lease on Life; The Yes-But-ers j In cloth. Price, prepaid ,1.20 Katy-Did; Watt a Minute j Jack the Giant Killer; The Job a World Example Subscription Clinic i Mrs. Jarley's Wax Works i The Child in the Midst. Each. Net '1.,5(1 By REV. J. A. HUFFMAN SOME BOY$ AND GIRL$ IN AMERICA The author takes this exceedingly difficult book and unfolds it until it becomes one of the interest- Twenty delightful stories of children from other ing and Bublime books of the Bible. lands who have made their home in America. A.n Evangelist Bud Robinson says of it :-"Shake up indispensable aid to teaching Home Missions to ~tiI,!r a~:j~~' a!~r~O~~~l °ri~~ s~~~ ~fet~!eri~t~:t little folks. The titles will fix a child's attention food that you ever feasted upon. tl at once, such 'IlS "Let's Discover America"; 94 pages, cloth bound. Price, 60c, postpaid. "Banana Beppo 's Go-cart", "Mind your P'iI and Q's"; " The Orphan, and the Bottled Bethel Publishing Co., Dept.37A Cow"; ete. Illustrated. Net, $1.60 New CarDale, Ohio _ I' , A….. At YOUT ReIil/iou. BooA Store 'I CEORCE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 M.di.on ·New·York Please mention THE MISIJIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

An Ideal Christmas Gift READY DECEMBER 1st Harry Emerson Fosdick's "Twelve Tests of Character"

To the thousands all over the world who read each new book of Dr. Fosdick's with growing appreciation, this announce- ment will be of great interest. These chapters on the twelve elements of the ideal character are written with the same clear vision and forceful directness, the same sure instinct for the right word, and the same gripping sincerity that cbaracterize all Dr. Fosdick's books. No one can read this book without gaining a renewed sense of man's infinite power for good, and a clearer idea of how the individual can direct his natural traits into the right paths. A book which has a special appeal at this time of year, when things of the spirit have particular significance. Cloth, $1.50 OTHER FOSDICK BOOKS always popular as Christmas gifts: TRILOGY OF MEANINGS (A specially bound set) The three books uniformly bound in cloth, with morocco ridge, gold- stamped, gilt top, with silk marker, in an attractive carton…. $5.00 The three bool(s may also be bought singly, as follouJ. : MEANING OF FAITH …………. Round corners, pocket size 1.35 Full morocco, gilt edges 2.75 MEANING OF PRAyER ….•…… Round corners, pocket size 1.15 Full moroc::co, gilt edges 2.20 MEANING OF SERVICE ••.•.•…. Round corners, pocket size 1.25 Full moroc::co, gilt edges 2.65 ASSURANCE OF IMMORTALITy…… ………………. 1.00 MANHOOD OF THE MASTER………………. ……… 1.15 SECOND MILE……………………………………… .70 ,:::::. <:.A,SSOCIATION PRESS ,::::, PURPOSE PURPOSE f 347 Madison Avenue New York V Please Dlention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.