The Missionary Review of the World — May 1924

~LUMEXLVII NUMBER

– MAY, 1924 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA SAMUEL M. ZWEMER NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL FREDERIC S. GOODMAN OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR FROM THE SECRETARIES' VIEWPOINT LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN GALEN M. FISHER BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS MRS. E. C. CRONK THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH MRS. CHARLES K. ROYS 12.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COPY MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY lad and REILYSTS., HARRISBURG, PA. 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

SAMUEL M

Plans to visit India this summer, to return to America next autumn, and to visit South Africa in the next year.

YOU can go to these fields with him, by proxy, and can help give the Gospel to Moslems by sending your contribution to the work through The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems cooperating with the Nile Mission Press and with International Committees on the field to give the Gospel Message through the printed page in Egypt Syria Russia China Morocco Palestine Persia Java Algiers Turkey India Sumatra Tunis Arabia Malaysia South Africa THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS William I. Chamberlain, Ph.D., President Dr. Robert E. Speer, Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, Vice Presidents Rev. S. M. Zwemer, D.D., Cairo, Honorary Field Secretary Dr. James L. Barton Dr. Frank Mason North Mrs. William Borden Mrs. William Bancroft Hill Dr. William B. Anderson Miss Anna A. Milligan Mr. Fennell P. Turner Mrs. D. L. Pierson Mrs. Finley J. Shepard Send your contributions to MRS. E. E. OLCOTT, Treasurer, 322 West 75th Street, New Yark City.

Apply for information and literature to MRS. JAMES M. MONTGOMERY, Secretary, Box 888, New York City.

————————————————————————- IDEAS FROM THE STUDENT A developing industry and com- merce hasten the day of self-support VOLUNTEER EXIBIT AT within the Church. INDIANAPOLIS '*' ". " Truth and not tradition IS our sanction for religion. Governments may aid the Church by laws that guarantee religious lib- """ erty.

Youth revolts against traditions and *** conventions; questions authorities; tests foundations; demands realities. Government}A trilogy, no one of *$ * Commerce' which can well do You can have race prejudice if you Missions without the other. want it; you can have .Jesus Christ if you want Him; but you cannot have $: '* *' both. Christian teaching moves the mind, " *" the heart and the will of the people to We cannot separate Christian thinking from the demands of world the highest standards. brotherhood. " $ ;; * * 'J< Cooperation between denominations We should see a Christian responsi- gives the largest economy in the exbility in ·every human need. penditure of money and men.

""" * " ;; The central issue in which employ- An indigenous Church demands ers and the Church are concerned is leaders who distinguish between Westthe humanizing of relations between ernism and Christianity. labor and capital. " When a native C" hr"istian literature begins to appear, tben the native Church is really established.

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Department No. 20 Fifth Avenue 33d and 34th Streets, New York Your Will Today Is Stronger Than Any Will You Can Prepare For After Death The best of lawyers cannot draw up a document that will carry out your intentions as wen as you can carry them out yourself Now Is the Time to Settle Your Estate as You Wish It "If you want a thing well done. do it yourself."

Let us tell you bow LIFE ANNUITY AGREEMENTS enable you to settle your own estate Write to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 150 Fihh Avenue. New York, N. Y•• or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board ·of Home Missions and Church Extension of the Methodist Episcopal Church. I 70 I Arch Street, Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention TH:E MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE Wl'IRLD in writing to advertisers. THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELAVAN L. PIERSON. EJilo> CONTENTS FOR MAY, 1924 Page FRONTISPIECE ..•••….. A TYP1CALHOME SOENE AMONG 1fAr,AYS IN SUMA~'RA EDITORIALS •••.•…..•.•…..•••.•…•••..•…………..•……..••….. 333 NATIONAL CHRISTIAN CoUNClLS IN ASIA SOME CAUSES OF UNREST IN CHINA THE TURKISH GOVERNMENT AND RELIGION CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIF'l'Y . . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . A. A. HYDE 340 A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA . . . . . . . . SAMUEL M. ZWEMER 341 Some interesting observations and encouragements received during a vtait to centers of successful work among Ma.lay Moslems. THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL . . . . . . . • . . . . . FREDERIC S. GOODMAN 350 The romantic history of the Waldensians and thdr Christian testimony in Italy. OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST yEAR . . . • • . . . . . . . • . • . . . . . . . • . . . . . 354 SEVENTH DAY ADVENTISTS-REVIVALS IN EUROPE AMERICAN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-!,AY EVANGELISM AMERICAN BAPTIST, HO},{E–REVTVALS IN CUBA SOUTHERN BAPTIST, FOREIGN-PERSECUTION IN R01JMANIA AMERICAN FRIENDS-CHuRCH GROWTH IN JAMAICA CHRISTIAN REFGRMED-PROGRESS IN CHINA CHURCH OF BRETHREN-NEW WORK IN NIGERIA CHURCH OF GOn-RESCUE HOME HI INDIA CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCI!l–FOUR NEW LANGUAGE GROUPS REACHED CoNGREGATIONAL–AMERICAN BOARD-DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA METHODIST EPISCOPAL, SoUTH-REVIVAL IN SHANGHAI MORAVIANS-REVIVAL IN NIC'ARAGUA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, FOREIGN-NEW MISSION IN MESOPOTA~nA PRESBYTERIAN BOARD, HOMI!l–ORGANIZATJON OF BOARD OF NATIONAL MISSIONS PBESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH-DOOTRINAL CONTROVERSY PRESBYTERIAN BOARD SoUTH, HOME-GREAT BUILDING ERA PBESBYTERIAN IN CANADA-FORMOSA ANNIVERSARY PROTESTANT Ep]SOOPA~CoNSEORATION OF JAPANESE "BISHOP REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, FoREIGN-ORGANIZATION OF AROOT ASSEMBL"IC, INDIA REFORMED CHURCH IN AMERICA, HOME-GROWTH OF COMMUNITY WORK UNITED CHRJSTIAN MISSIONAB.Y SCCIETy–SHELTON MEMORIAL FUND FOB. TIBET UNITED LUTHERAN-FOREIGN MISSIONARY FOB.WARD FUND UNITED LUTHERAN, HOME-REMOVAL TO CIHCAGO UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, FOREIGN-MISSlONARY GIVING UNITED PRESBYTERIAN, HOME-REORGANIZATION LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN ……… GALEN M. FISHER 368 Some of the encouraging evidences of the power of Christ to develop .<trong leaders in the political, intellectual and social life of the Japanese.

BEST METHODS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS •. EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK 374 WOM.AcN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN …………………•………•• 382 THE STATUS OF WOMEN IN THE CHURCH •…….. BY MRS. GHARLES K. RayS WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN ••…. EDITED BY FLORENOE E. QUINLAN 386 R,ECRUITlNG THE HOME MISSION FORCES NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •……•…•…••••.•…….•…………….•. 389 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY . . . . . . . • • • . . . . . . • . . . . . , .•..•………..•.••.•• 404 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage. 50 cents. Sin~le copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1924, by MISBIONA11Y REVIEW PUBLISHING CoMPANY, INC. All rights reserved.

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Robert E. Speer, President Wlllam I. Chamberlain, Vlc~-Presldent Delavan L. PlerBon, Secretary Walter McDougal1. Treasurer PublicatIOn office. 3d & ReUy SU.. Harrisburg. Editorial and Bu.lnes" Omce. 156 Fltth Avenue. Pa. 25c a copy $2.50 a year' New York City Entered a8 second-class matter at the Post Omce, Harrlshurg, Pa., under, Act 01 March 3. 1879. PERSONALS DWIGHT H. DAY, for eighteen years Treas- HARTFORD urer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Cburch in the U. S. A., SEMINARY FOUNDATION has res:igned on account of ill-health. Hartford, Conn. """ W. DOUGLAS MACKENZIE, Pre.iJent REV. CHARLES W_ ABEL, who reached his field in Kwato, New Guinea, early in Jan- Theoioaical Seminary uary, had a remarkable welcome from the De8D. M. W. Jacoba. native Christian population who have come out of cannibalism in the past thirty years. School of Religioul Pedagogy Deaa, E. H. Kaqbt * Kennedy School of Mi..ion. DR. HOWARD SOMERVELL, a distingnislled Dean. E. W. Cap…. membel' of the expedition which last year climbed Mt_ Everest, was so stirred by what Through these associated schools Hartford offers he saw in India that he offered himself to full training for the London Missionary Society and has wen accepted as a medical missionary_ 1. The Christian MiniHry_ " z. Religious Education and Soeial Seruice.

SAM HIGGINBOTTOM, who completed twenty 3. The Foreum Field. years of service in Allahabad, India, N0vember 10, 1923, has been presented with Each school has its independent faculty and its the Kaiser-i-Hind gold medal. own institutional life and together they iorm one interdenominational institution with the unity of a JOHN R. MOTT, LL.D., on his recent visit common aim and spirit. to Greece, was decorated by the Greek Government with the Order of the Holy Saviour, The plan for a group of ei~ht buildinas for the and received various other honors, among Foundation. including dormitories, library, chapel, them being the miming of one street in gymnasium. as well as separate buildings for each Saloniki ",Tohn R. Mott Street," and an- school. is being carried out. The first of these other "Y. M. C. A. Avenne_" buildings, the Tomen'g Dormitory, is now occupied under direction of the Dean of Women, Mr~. Lester McLean, Jr.

DR. ROBERT ~AWS, of Livingstonia, has REV. V. D. DAVID, better known as "Tamil been invested by the Government of South David, " an Indian preacher and anthor Africa as a Companion of the Order of St. who"e ministry in Ceylon and South India Michael and St. George, in recognition of had been greatly blessed, died on Novemwr his fifty years of service in Nyasaland_ 30, 1923.

DR. A. J. ApPASAMY is now English editor * for the Christian' Literature Society for India, Madras, and will provide books for REV. JOHN 1. AR.MSTRONG, editor of the edncated Indians who read English. He is Sunday·school publications of the Southern to prepare a Life of Christ for Indian read- Presbyterian Church, died of pneumonia on ers and is also planning to edit: (1) The March 8, 1924. lIe was Educational Secre· Christian Heritage Series (expounding such tary of the Church from 1913 to 1920 and subjects as The Divinity of our Lord, The rendered very effident service. Meaning of the Cross, etc.); (2) The Bhaktas of the World (popular reprints of EVERYLAND the writings of mystics); (3) Books for the Times (dealing with the pressing so· For Every Boy and Girl cial, economic and other problems); (4) Books for Women (including stories, biog- Good Things for May raphies, nature stndy, domestic economy, training of chil.dren, etc.). Gloria and the Wicked Frog, Estil Grit- chie; The Magic Sandals, Edith Serrell; * The Black Daffodil, Margaret T. Apple- garth; Tam and Meg, Abbie Miller Ogilvie; OBITUARY Everyland Exchange, Katherine Seherer Cronk; Valentine's Day, Lucy W. Peabody; DR. CHARLES L. THOMPSON, for some The Orange Tree Baby, Lucy W. Peabody; years secretary of the Presbyterian Board The Book Shop, Helen Douglas Billings; of Home Missions, and recently president Hymn for America, William Adams Slade. of the Home Missions Council, died in Atlantic' City on April 14th, at eighty-five years of age.

DR CHARLES E. CONWELL, medical mission- $1.50 a year, 25 cents a copy. ary in Mexico since 1906 under the Amer_ iean Baptist Home Mission Society, died Write to Miss Leavis, WEST MEDFORD, recently in Puebla. MASS .

. ''l.8e mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW 07 "HB WORLD In writing to advertise…

A TYPICAL HOME SCENE AMONG MALAYS IN

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MW~ VOL. MAY, 1924 NUMBER XLVII FIVE NATIONAL CHRJSTIAX COUNCILS IN ASIA O NE of the hopeful signs of the progress of Christianity in . Asia is the development of native Christian leaders and their taking over of responsibility for aggressive work in each country.' Great strides have been made since the Edinburgh Conference in 1910 and Dr. Mott's conferences in Asia, three years later. At that time Continuation Committees were formed, made up of missionaries and some national Christians. These have now been transformed into National Christian Councils in which the major share of responsibility is upon Christian leaders of each country.

The National Christian Council of China was organized by the National Conference held in Shanghai in May, 1922. This Council is composed of one hundred members, over one-half of them Chinese, and has for its object the unification of evangelical Christian forces in China and the giving of practical expression to Christianity. It is not an ecclesiastical organization to take over functions of church government but exists for inspiration, correlation, promotion and research for the benefit of all branches of the Church. The secretaries are Bishop L. H. Roots of the American Protestant Episcopal Church; Dr. H. T. Hodgkin of the British Society of Friends; Rev. K. T. Chung of St. John's University, and Miss Y. J. Fan, recently a traveling secretary of the Y. W. C. A. Emphasis in all the chief activities is placed on the importance of Chinese leadership.

The Council works through various committees and makes its contacts through publications, including a bi-monthly BulletVn. The committees include those on Retreats and Evangelism, International Relations, Rural Problems, Industrial and Social Relations, etc. The chief emphasis for the first year or two is rightly placed on the need for increased spiritual efficiency. One of the most hopeful signs of promise in this Council is the promotion of "Retreats" in which small groups of from ten to fifteen missionaries and Chinese meet 333

for a few days of prayer and meditation for spiritual vision and a renewal of power from God.

The National Christian Council of India, Burma and Ceylon was organized last year with Rev. W. Paton, formerly of the British Student Christian Movement, and lfi~s Gordon of the United Free Church of Scotland as secretaries. Dr. K. T. Paul has declined to serve as Indian secretary and no one has as yet been found to fill his place. Many new lines of activity are planned, especially in educational work. Conferences are held to unite missionary and Indian Christian workers in purpose, ideals and program, and to study the fields of greatest need and the most effectiv·e methods for carrying on the Christian campaign in India. Plans have been laid for an advance in rural Christian education, in the development of Indian leaders, and in the production of Christian literature. The Council is also studying the relation of the Church to public questions such as opium, strong drink, and public service. Beginning with the present year, the IIa·n,'esf Field (for many years a Wesleyan magazine published at Madras) has become the National Christian Council Review, the official organ of the Council. It will be published at Mysore City, under the editorship of Rev. W. Paton, the secretary.

The National Christian Council of .Japan has likewise now succeeded the Japan Continuation Committee. At the organization meeting, in November of last year, all of the Protestant societies at work in Japan were represented by missionaries, except the Episcopalians, Lutherans, Southern Baptists and Southern Presbyterians. The Rev. William ~'Cling, D.D., of the American Baptist Foreign Mission, and author of the mission study book, "Japan on the Upward Trail," was elected foreign executive secretary. His J"apanese co-worker is to be selected later. The Federation of Ohristian Churches has voted to merge its organization and work into that of the Council. One of the first undertakings of the new body has been to study the reconstruction needed following the earthquake and fire.

Christians in all lands, by whatever name they are called, should be much in prayer for these National Christian Councils in the great nations of Asia. Their influence on the future of Christianity in those lands cannot be estimated but their success in leadership will be determined by their success in following the leadership of the Spirit of God.

SOME CAUSES OF UNRES'l' IN OHINA T HE National Christian Council of China has recently under- taken a study of the chief causes of the present low economic conditions in that land, the prevailing ignorance of the people, and the caUSes of banditry and general unrest. Mr. S. T. Wen (Wen Shih-tsen), a prominent Chinese Christian, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, says that the prevalence of banditry in many sec-

EDITORIAL COMME.NTS

tions is due to the low economic conditions; that these conditions are due to the political unrest, the disturbance of ancient industrial pursuits by the introduction of modern machinery, and the consequent removal of large numbers from the country to the cities. These conditions seriously affect the Christian Church and Christian home in China. The remedy seems to be the adoption of Christian standards by the Chinese. This will come only as we give them practical education and show them how to apply Christian standards to social, industrial and political life. This is more easily said than done, but it needs to be done. The people' in the rural districts will welcome education and an opportunity to earn an honest living. Mr. Wen says that "within a radius of 100 Ii around Paotseku (one of the bandit centers), there is not one school, and less than twenty per cent of the people can read and write." He preached to the bandits and found that not one of them believed killing and robbery to be wrong. They begged that schools might be established in their midst so that their children might grow up with better opportunities to come out of barbarism into light. More attention in China, as in India, must be devoted to the establishment of village schools with Christian teachers.

THE TURKISH GOVERN~IEN'l' AND R~JLIGION F REE democratic governmeIlt and autocratic Moslem institu- tions do not mix. The Nationalist Assembly of Turkey has been passing laws at Angora, some of which uphold their claims for the separation of Church and State, but some of which bring protests from Moslems as well as from non-Moslems. The Assembly has recently banished the former Sultan and has dispersed his harem on the ground that other free states do not harbor deposed monarchs. They have also abolished the caliphate, the Moslem civil and religious authority at Constantinople, on the ground that it was seeking to dictate to the civil government. The Assembly found itself hampered in promUlgating laws which the caliph declared to be contrary to the teachings of Mohammed-such as the Jaws respecting polygamy and woman's rights. The Government therefore decided to abolish the caliphate. This seems to be another step toward the destruction of the political power of Islam. The control of the property held by religious ,establishments in Turkey, and valued at more than five hundred million dollars, is a question yet to be settled. This wealth gives the religious leaders great power.

The civil functions of the Greek Ecumenical Patriarch and the Jewish Rabbinate have also been abolished and the political functions of these offices are taken over by the National Assembly.

Abdul Medjid, the deposed caliph, is now residing in Switzerland and from there has issued a strong protest against the action

of the National Turkish Assembly" as sacrilegious and void." He invites the leaders of the Moslem world to call an inter-Islamic congress to consider the matter. Moslems of forty-one countries recently met in Berlin to protest against the action of the Angora Assembly as that of a pan-Turanian, Bolshevist government. In the meantime, several other claimants to the caliphate have appearedincluding King Hussein of the Hedjaz and the Sultan of Morocco (favored by the French).

The Turkish Nationalists, having disregarded the dictates of the European Governments in so many directions, are also taking the bit in their teeth more and more in other matters, civil and religious. Not only have they killed or driven out Armenians and Greeks, returned to power in Constantinople and abrogated the capitulations, but they have recently passed laws that hamper non-Moslem merchants and missionary workers. One of the recent laws makes Friday, the Moslem holy day, a universal day of rest on which all business houses, both Moslem and non-Moslem, must be closed. Even street venders are barred, and milkmen cannot deliver milk without a special license. The motive of the new law may be to prevent Jews, Christians and other non-Moslems from doing business when Moslem shops are closed, or may be merely an assertion of authority to show that Turkey is emphatically a Moslem land. The law will work hardship to Christians who conscientiously close their shops on Sunday and will give many opportunities for bribery of officials in order to obtain special licenses for trading on Friday.

The Government is determined to enforce its laws respecting the giving of religious (non-Moslem) instruction in private as well as in public schools, and has refused to grant licenses to non-Turkish citizens to practice medicine in Turkey. This, of course, hinders mission schools in their Christian instruction and prevents missionary physicians from practicing medicine in mission hospitals. As a result the American Board hospital in Aintab has been closed as well as the girls' school in Marash, and the Reformed Presbyterian School in Mersina. American missionaries in Ca:sarea and Marsovan have not been able to reopen the hospital or school though the people desire these institutions. The Government is determined to compel mission schools to conform to the new Turkish laws, possibly desiring by these regulations to lessen their Christian influence.""

In the meantime, the missionaries are waiting faithfully and patiently on God in prayer. American business enterprises are perseveringly endeavoring to obtain concessions and to find a market for tlieir goods and should Christian enterprises be any less courageous and persistent in their more important and unselfish efforts to bring the benefits of the Gospel to these multitudes for whom Christ died ~ • Permission has just been given to Dr. Shepard and Dr. Dodd to practice medicine.

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN BRAZIL T HE Evangelical Church in Brazil has come to be a very strong factor in the national life of Brazil. Great self-supporting churches are found in the cities with large memberships and do- ing real missionary work in their own districts and one of them at least reaching out into a foreign land. Events that a few years ago would have caused the whole Church to stop and comment are now passed on as natural things to expect in the enlargement of the work.

Before I reached Santos, my first stop, I received a wireless message of welcome from the evangelical forces of that progressive community. I was met at the steamer by a large reception committee, composed of the ministers of the various evangelical churches. That evening I addressed a union-meeting in one of the churches with probably 500 people present. I spoke to them about cooperation in different parts of Latin America and they received the message with great enthusiasm. Only a few years ago there was no cooperation in Santos and all of the workers were watching one another with jealousy. Today, without any help whatever from the mission boards, the churches of the city have united and organized a prosperous school, which is exercising a splendid influence on the city.

An illustration of the fact that our Evangelical Church members are "live members" and are taking part in the varied life of the community, is the fact that the first woman aviator in Brazil is a young lady member of one of our churches in Santos and among the things that the churches had provided for my entertaiument was an invitation to view the city from the aeroplaue piloted by this young member. Santos is the greatest coffee port in the world but it is now coming to be a city of importance in other ways. On.e of the finest railroads in the world leads from Santos up to Sao Paulo, about two hours ride through beautiful mountainous districts. The climb is so steep that cables are necessary.

Sao Paulo is the second city in Brazil and the third in South America, now having about 750,000 people. Its growth during the last few years is one of the most remarkable developments in all of American municipal life. Both the Presbyterians and the Methodists have recently built beautiful churches in the city, buildings that would grace our best boulevards in New York or Nashville. I had a conference with'the pastors of the city in the Young Men's Christian Association, reviewing the work in Sao Paulo and planning for the Montevideo Congress in the spring of 1925. In a meeting of that kind one finds the same keenness of intellect and the same consecration, and the same power of discussing problems as he would find in any city pastors' associations in the United States.

The most remarkable thing I saw in Sao Paulo was the work among the Japanese. Little over a year ago a Japanese student,. who had been converted in Japan, and had come to the United States for

theological training, talked to me about work among the Japanese immigrants who were going to BraziL It was not possible for him to secure any appointment from North American mission boards. So, as he had saved up some money by working in the United States, he decided to go at his own expense to minister to the 35,000 Japanese who have recently come into the State of Sao Paulo, invited by the Brazilian Government to colonize and help furnish agricultural workers for that district.

The young man found a splendid welcome among the Japanese, some of whom were Christians, and he is now building up a fine Sunday-school and some night classes. The Brazilian churches are interested in the work and the pastors formed a Japanese Mission in clrder to guide this growing development. The Japanese themselves have contributed something like $2,000 for the erection of a building and the Brazilian pastors propose to see that this work is well cared for. The Japanese in California have also become interested and it now looks as though this splendid work would be carried forward by means of the Japanese and Brazilian Christians themselves. Here is one of the finest illustrations of the development of foreign missions that I have known in any part of the world.

While in Sao Paulo a committee consulted with me about a pastor for the union congregation which the English-speaking people have recently formed in that city. The congregation now meets in the Y. M. C. A. and various missionaries are doing the preaching but there is a large English colony and they are very much in need of a pastor to devote his entire time to this work.

"When one goes to Rio de Janeiro and enters the office of the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil, presided over by that indefatigable worker, Professor Erasmo Braga, he understands why many of the developments in the Evangelical Church have come to pass. I do not know of any man in America who has done a finer piece of Christian service than has Prof. Braga during these last three years, since he has been Secretary of this interdenominational work. Prof. Braga came to this work with a splendid background. As a professor in the Presbyterian Seminary at Campinas for many years and professor in one of the Brazilian public high schools, the author of a reader which is now being used by a large number of government schools, a writer of recognized ability and altogether a fine, cultivated, Christian gentleman, he has used his talents and consecration to develop one of the finest pieces of cooperation that is to be found anywhere.

The offices are located on a prominent down-town street and are occupied not only by the Committee on Cooperation but also by the Brazilian Secretary of the World's Sunday-school Association and the national secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. This trio of workers, with their office staff, form a kind of interdep.ominational missionary headquarters. They have a conference

F.DITORIAL COMMENTS

room and nearly every day there is some kind of an interdenomin- ational committee or conference going on. During the last two years a large number of books have been translated and published by this Committee.

Committee meetings in connection with the centenary celebra- tion this year took a great deal of the workers' time. The quarterly meeting of the Sunday-school Union, to which men from distant places came, was held, where important questions concerning Sundayschool literature were decided. The Committee on Cooperation keeps a file of some 385 ministers in Brazil, with information as to the ministry in each denomination and the occupation of territory in each state. Maps representing these points have been printed and circulated. Courses of reading and selected books are recommended to the constituency through the cooperative religious magazine "R-evista de Cultum Religiosa."

The list of the cooperative institutions in Brazil indicates something of the results of the hard work done by the Committee on Cooperation in Brazil.

Union Institutions in Brazil Executive and Literature Office in Rio de Janeiro, including such activities as syndicated articles concerning the Evangelical work sent to the daily secular and religious press; the preparation of the .Annual Sunday School Lesson Commentary in Portuguese; Literature Exhibit; Directory of Evangelical Workers; Coordination of work among the Indians and Japanese; Building up of Portuguese Christian Literature by the publication of translations and original works; .Advising Y. M. C. .A., Y. W. C. .A., National Sun. day School .Association and other agencies on their publications; Conference Room for interdenominational meetings; etc., etc. In charge of Professor Erasmo Braga.

Union Theological Seminary: Located at the People's Institute, at Rio de Janeiro. Cooperating bodies: Congregationalists, Methodists, Presbyterians.

Union Church for English.Speaking Residents: .At Rio de Janeiro: a well established church with plans for a representative building including a social center for the colony. ,.At Sao Paulo, a new effort, now meeting in the Y. M. C, .A., desirous of securing a pastor.

Evangelical Hospital, at Rio de Janeiro: Erected and supported by the Brazilian churches, without outside help. Offers an opportunity for larger sf'l'vice by receiving assistance from outside sources.

Rest Home, at Caxambu: Located at a famous health resort. .A recent de. velopment started by the Christian forces in Brazil, offering a rest home for all Christian workers and frie'llds and meeting with remarkable success.

Union School, at Santos: Organized and operated by the local churches of Santos.

Board of Missions for Japanese in Brazil: .A society organized by the churches of Sao Paulo to reach the Japanese colonies with the Gospel.

Revista de Cultura ReligioslP: .A quarterly magazine for the treatment of religious topics, edited, issued and supported by a group of leading Evangeli. cals in Brazil.

Union Bookstore at Rio de Janeiro: Just begun with the help of the Methodist press in Sao Paulo,

Methodist Press: This press though owned entirely by the Southern Methodist Board does much of the work for the Union Committee on Liter- ature in BrazH. s. G. I.

SOME QUESTIONS FOR A MAN AT FIFTY ASKED BY MR. A. A. HYDE, WICHITA, KANSAS President of the Mentholatum Company 1. How can the successful business man at fifty plan for his remaining years to make them the most enjoyable of his whole life~ 2. With this aim, should he plan to retire entirely from busi- ness; and if so, when 1 3. By the time he is fifty, if he has built up a good business and has capital and income more than sufficient for needs, what should he do with the surplus?

4. To illustrate: Should such a man largely and increasingly .give of his time to the cultivation of his own physical, mental and spiritual well-being and that of his family1 5. Should he also give largely of time and money to organiza- tions for the betterment of society and in furthering per- sonally other religious work?

6. Is it wise for a man of fifty during his remaining years, to gradually sell out his business to employees of tested ability and thus give them greater opportunity for service and reward?

7. After providing reasonably by will for wife and dependents, should such a man aim, while yet living, to administer and distribute the bulk of his estate for God and humanity, rather than leave his means to expectant heirs, or even to his adult children?

8. Taking it for granted that a generous, sympathetic and lov- ing father~an all-round man who knows the real joys of life is needed more by wife and family, than they need his estate, may we ask our final question-Is the right answer to question No. 1 fairly suggested in the remaining seven questions?

Cut out the above and place it where it will be frequently seen.

A MALAY HOME IN ·THE ISLAND OF

A Missionary Visit to Sumatra and Java BY REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEM.EH" D.D., F.R-G.S., OAIR.D, EG.yPT Author of "Arabia, The Cradle of Islam," etc., Editor of '''rhe Moslem World"

O NE of the great promises of the Old Testament states that the "isles shall wait for His law." If the word "wait" in this promise includes the ideas of delay, expectation, and fulfillment, then the word has its full significance in the history of Christian missions. The islands of the Mediterranean waited long but expected and received the Gospel. So the islands of the South Seas waited long to hear the message. In no other island of the world has, perhaps, this promise of Isaiah been so signally fulfilled as in the Island of Sumatra. If anyone doubts the present-day power of the Gospel, let him visit this mission field and see the evidences of God's grace among the Bataks or on the islands of Nias fringing the west coast of Sumatra. 'Within a single generation the Gospel has been able to win hundreds of thousands from heathen darImess to Christian light. and life. Sumatra is one of the least kno'wn mission fields and yet one of the most fruitful in results. It was my privilege to visit this island in the summer of 1922 and to learn at first hand regarding the conditions and the results of missionary effort.

One must understand something of the geography of the island to appreciate the intensity of the threefold struggle between Christianity, Islam, and Animistic Heathenism. Sumatra affords a rare opportunity for the comparative study of religions and in this field S4l

at least, one can speak with truth of the progress and arrest of Islam amid dying heathenism and of the future victory of the Cross.

Sumatra lies on the Equator, which divides it into two nearly equal parts. Its total area is 184,000 square miles. It is about 1,000 miles in length and 250 miles wide. The government divides the island into two sections-the West Coast, with Achin, and seven residences along the East Coast and neighboring islands. High mountain chains skirt the whole of the west coast, while the east consists of flat alluvial country. Earthquakes are frequent as the whole range is topped with a line of volcanoes, several of which are active. Forests crown the mountains and the whole island is extremely fertile. The climate is tropical, and the rainfall is spread over the whole year, some places having a record of 190 inches-a flood of fifteen feet!

Although the island is three times the size of Java, its population is not more than one-sixth, the total approaching 6,000,000. Only seven towns have a popUlation of over 5,000. The largest are: Palembang, 61,000; Pedang, 50,000; and Sibolga, 20,000.

The chief peoples of Sumatra belong to two groups-Indonesians and Malays. There is no great physical difference between them, and they all approximate to the Malay type. The chief groups are the following: Achinese, North Sumatra; Bataks around Lake Toba; Malays on the east coast; Ilembongs on the west coast; and Lampongs in their own central district. The last named have a considerable mixture of Javanese blood. Of foreigners there are about 10,000 Europeans, 225,000 Chinese, and nearly 5,000 Arabs. A variety of languages and scripts are used, by the different peoples. Malay is the language of trade and of the officials and of Islam. Bible translations exist in most of the languages but in many of them this work i& still needed and only a gospel or a few portions are available.

First visited by the Dutch in 1596, a treaty was concluded in 1662, and, after a s.truggle with the British, who retired in 1824, Sumatra was conquered by the Dutch. 'fhe process of conquest lasted from 1825 until 1907. The chief point of conflict was northern Sumatra where the Achinese, fearing Dutch aggression, secretly sought protection in turn from the United States, Italy, France, and Turkey, through the consuls at Singapore. The Dutch demanded an explanation of these secret negotiations; and, this being evaded, war was declared on the Achinese in March, 1873, and dragged on in one form or another, with heavy cost of blood and treasure, until December, 1907, when the Sultan surrendered and was deported to Amboina. Then to celebrate their victory and the peace, the Dutch constructed a great mosque at Koota-Radja, which is the finest piece of architecture in all Sumatra, but even this concession did not win over the affection of the people. The mosque today is scarcely used

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

by the faithful. Nominally, the peoples of Sumatra are today nearly all Mohammedans, except a large proportion of the Bataks, and the bulk of the inhabitants of the islands off the west coast who are pagans. There are still large areas in the interior where the Dutch rule is merely nominal, but the country is fast becoming pacified, and it may be expected that the population will rapidly increase when immigration from Java is encouraged.

Not until 1912 was a beginning made in the introduction of national education. By the end of 1914, 681 national schools had been established in Sumatra with approximately 41,000 pupils. The total number of private schools at the same date was given as 840 with A GENERAL VIEW OF PEARADJA, SHOWING THE CHURCH AND HOSPITAL 65,000 pupils. These figures are an eloquent testimony to the fact that Christian missions were the pioneers in national education.

The development of Sumatra has been delayed by the absence of good roads. There is no highway from north to south, but a good road has been completed from Sibolga across to Medan. Altogether about 4,000 kilometers of good roads are found, and 1,000 more under construction. Along these roads there is automobile service. A state railway connects Padang with Ft. DeKock, and there are narrow-gauge roads on the east coast and in the north. At present the lack of railway through the length of the island or even across from Palembang to Padang is a serious handicap to missions as well as to commercial development. The vast forests, high momitain ranges and the low irregular coast line, make all railway construc-

tion exceedingly difficult. It is only a matter of time however and soon the whole of this marvelously rich and fertile country will be open to exploitation and evangelization-a race between the best and the worst of Vestern nations.

The agricultural wealth of Sumatra includes the products of the palm, rubber, tobacco, tea, coffee, copra. The total number of cocoanut palms, according to the government estimates, is 14,500,000; 500,000 acres are planted with coffee; the rubber industry has devel- oped enormously within two decades. In 1919, 30,000 tons of rubber were exported from the east coast alone. Tobacco is grown more extensively in Sumatra and of higher quality than in any other part of the world. Medan is the center of the tobacco market of the world, and exports about 60,000,000 pounds annually. The steamer on which we sailed from Medan in 1917 carried a half-million sterling in tobacco leaves. A tax of 1/10th of a cent per pound placed on this one export would abundantly pay for the evangelization of the island. Gold, copper, but especially petroleum and tin are among the undeveloped riches of Sumatra. Tin mining is the chief industry of the islands of Banka and BiIliton.

2. The 'conflict of reli,gions in Surmatra. The standard work on missions in Sumatra from the standpoint of the struggle between Islam, Animism and Christianity, is that by Gottfried Simon. We would strongly recommend this book' for careful stUdy. The author has had eleven years' experience, and sketches the social and religious condition, first of the pagans, then the changes that take place when they become Moslem, and finally the process by which these Mohammedans turn to Christianity. Islam is not a schoolmaster to lead the pagan races to Christ. The pagan who becomes a Moslem also becomes a fanatic in his opposition to Christianity, and shows at once the strength and weakness of Islam over against the Gospel when Christian missions begin their work. The author leaves no doubt as regards his attitude toward Islam. It is one of uncompromising adherence to the vital truths of Christianity which make the impact of these two religions necessarily a death struggle. He shows the urgency and the possibility of winning over the pagan races in Malaysia and Africa before the advent of Islam, but makes clear no less that the struggle against I slam itself is not hopeless, but if carried on in the spirit of the Gospel is sure to bring results.

But the spirit of the Gospel, according to G::;ttfried Simon, is not the spirit of compromise, or that of dealing in superficialities. The impact of Christianity on Islam, especially in the Animistic world, means a death struggle. If any feel disposed to let the idea of a strenuous fight drop out of our Christian life and vocabulary, let them read this volume. During my visit we found unanimity in the testimony of all missionaries in Java and Sumatra that "Islam 1 "Progress and Arrest of Islam In Sumatra."

1924J A MISSIONARY VISrr TO SUMATRA A~D JAVA

can never be a bridge over the gulf that separates the heathen from Christianity, nor bring them nearer to God the Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." There is no compromise in Sumatra.

In enumerating the factors that play their part in turning the heathen to Islam, Simon notes: the policy of the colonial government which is always that of neutrality, but degenerates into favoritism; the native officials; the official language; the government school; the new highways of communication and commerce-all cooperate to drive the pagan into the fold of Islam. The fear of spirits, the desire for mediators, and the superstitious dread of a written charm are supplied in the Mos1em Koran.

"It is therefore not only a case of Islam conniving at Heathen proclivities," Simon says, "but of an inner connection being actually established between Animism and Islam. Islam itself is imbued with Animistic molecules which attract kindred elements in- heathenism. Its inherent syncretism gives it the power of assimilating what is even apparently heterogenous in other peoples. Its syncretic elasticity make it possible for Islam to be a world religion.

"Hence within Islam Animism does not play the part of a barely tolerated slave, rather it receives royal favor! The despised cult. of Animistic magic receives in Islam the rank of a divine institution. It is the gift of God to His faithful believers."

And again as he points out: "Animism is a foe which must be refused all quarter. In not doing so, Islam is bound to suffer absolute defeat itself at the hands of its hypocritical opponent.

"Many customs are doubtless forgotten; sacrifices are soon things of the past. Many prayer formulas, many names of spirits and ancestors are lost, but what an impregnable position magic gains in the new religion by ent,renching itself behind the new conception of God. How many possible ways the Heathen-Mohammedan finds of satisfying his Animistic cravings in his daily religious exercises-and, above all, in the vagaries of mysticism."

Another important factor is the pilgrimage to Mecca. Pilgrims, on their return, occupy a high position among the population and become apostles. The journey to Mecca is not so much a penance for a poor sinner as a spring-board by which any venturesome rogue may leap into a lucrative profession. The money invested for the journey brings a large return when the Hadji sets up as a propagandist and religious leader.

One may see in every village of north Sumatra the process in all its stages: Heathen becoming Moslems, and Moslems becoming Christian. The Mohammedan Christian has a great conflict before him-he faces a double line of battle. He must fight against the old Animism and also against Islam. The triumph of the Gospel in such an environment is a proof of its power. The faith of these Christians is great because it risks everything. The missionaries in their method have refused all compromise. In some respects they are ~ven radical in their attitude toward relam. It is the miraele of ~

A CO-EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL FOR MOSLEMS AT PADANG, SUMATRA In 1922 this school enrolled 800 p.upils. It is a private enterprise aided by government grants God's grace manifested through human love t.hat has won it.s way. Not only. does Jesus appear greater than Mohammed, but rather, as Simon says: "A new God, the father of Jesus Christ, who is one wit.h the Son, takes the place of Allah in the Moslem heart." "It is not merely a question of correCting' the Mohammedan conception of God. That is a hopeless task; the idea is too distorted. An entirely new conception is formed in the mind of the Mohammedan. ,/'he very name of God scarcely remains the same. Among the Bataks, we revert to the old vernacular name for God and once more eliminate the Arabic Allah. The soul finds the living God Himself in Jesus."

The method of preaching in Sumatra is fearless. No Moham- .medan can become a Christian, they say, unless he is persuaded that Mohammed is a false prophet. '''1'he aim of our preaching," says Simon, "is to make the Mohammedan realize who Jesus is; then his faith in Mohammed 'spontaneously breaks down. He must become assured of a twofold fact: that Christians reallv have another Jesus from the Jesus of Islam, and t.hat Mohammed is not what he himself claims to be, nor what the teachers say he is."

3. Into this great arena of present-day conflict, it was our privilege to enter for a brief fortnight and to study at first hand the POWel- of the Gospel among pagans and Moslems in Sumatra. After g-etting into close touch with the missions in .Java, orientation was less difficult and everywhere, especially on the part of our German brethren of the Rhenish Mission we were heartily welcomed and most hospitably received. And for these workers to be hospitable means sacrifice. Think of t.he war period and the post-war disappearance of the mark.

After preaching in the Willemskerk at Weltevreden on Sunday, August 20, 1922, to a congregation whose organization dates back

A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND .JAVA

to 1619, I visited the Rhenish Mission post opened in Padang in connection with their work on the island of Nias. The recent revival there has resulted in a large accession of heathen to the Church of Christ. The present number of converts on that island alone is 46,759, and in one year they had over 2,000 adult baptisms, with M,866 under instruction.

Padang has a population of 90,000 and with its harbor town Emmahaven, is the future metropolis for west Sumatra. A railway has been opened to Fort de Kock, 87 kilometers distant, through highlands whose rich and varied scenery is among the finest in all Sumatra.

At Padang we visited the Arab quarter and found, as everywhere, the productions of the Cairo Moslem Press on sale. Portraits of Mustapha Kemal and other Turkish heroes adorned private dwellings and shops. The Pan-Islamic spirit found expression even in the labels on match-boxes made in Sweden which pictured the Radja of Stamboul as head of Islam! I met a friendly Hadji, one of the leading Moslems, who received me cordially and s-poke fluent Arabic. He is a progressive Liberal, has organized a school for boys and girls under a Committee, which' assisted by the Government has put up a building costing 80,000 guilders. Two Dutch schoolmistresses are employed in addition to the teachers of Arabic and Malay. Four hundred pupils attend in the morning, and nearly four hundred others in the afternoon. I was invited to address the school and THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY AT SIPOHOAN, SUMATRA

spoke on the Principles of Civilization, and the Ethics of Jesus Christ. This school is coeducational.

On Friday August 25th our steamer arrived at Sibolga. This port is 200 miles beyond Padang, and nearly 800 miles from Batavia. The Rhenish mission house and church are beautifully located just outside the city of Sibolga. -When we arrived a confirmation class was in session 'lnd during our stay we learned something of the strnggle in this part of Sumatra between Islam and Christianity for the pagan tribes. Thp story of the conflict, its character and its results, has been told by Simon in his well-known book, already quoted.

On Augllst 26th, we left by government auto for Sipirok, a distance of 127 kilometres. Arriving the same day, we passed many villages, each having a church as well as a mosque. The station at Sipirok is one of the oldest of the Rhenish Mission. They now count 5,000 Christians in this one group of churches. The preparation given catechumens for baptism is very thorough. Islam is still active in its opposition and sometimes defiant. But the missionaries are not discouraged. On Sunday morning, we went to Boenga-Bandar to attend the annual mission fest. The church was crowded and the free-will offering good. 'Ve met a group of Moslems that evening. The following day we visited the great leper colony at Situmba with Mr. and Mrs. Link. The next day I visited Pargareotan and the work of the Java committee. There two missionaries are doing good work but isolated from their brethren of the Rhenish Mission ecclesiastically so that this little station seems like an island of Dutch work in the midst of the Rhenish field. Via Simatorkas, we returned to Sibolga, in a Ford car filled with a half dozen passengers.

The Moslems of Sibolga are in close touch with Mecca. We spoke with a number of Hadjis, and saw Cairo newspapers in their shops.

On September 1st we left for Pearadja, following the new highway built by the Government and crossing the great mountain range with its marvelous beauty of scenery before one enters the tableland surrounding picturesque Lake Toba. A short distance from' the main highway and near Pearadja is the monument erected to the two American missionaries, Munson and Lyman, pioneers of the American Board who were killed and eaten by cannibals in 1834. I secured a photograph of the monument with its simple inscription: John 16: 1-3 (and then in Battak), "The Blood of Martyrs is the Seed of the Church." The first Batak convert, Jacobus, is still living. He was baptized in 1861. Today there are over 216,000 Batak Christians. What hath God wrought!

Dr. J ohannus Warneck met me on my arrival and the days of fellowship with him were memorable. 'Ve had a conference of all the workers at the station; I visited their theological seminary and

1924J A MISSIONARY VISIT TO SUMATRA AND JAVA

training school and preached in the great church which seats 1,500 people. The progress of the work among the Bataks has been almost too rapid and the results too great for the strength of the workers.

The church will need time and the missionaries patience for the full development of the work. It is hard to pass from the stone age to the 20th century in one generation; from fibre thread and thorn needles to the use of the Singer sewing machine; from the wax dip to electric lights; from being the son of a cannibal chief to becoming a chauffeur of a Christian missionary. Yet there are the facts in spite of the laws of evolution. ."

Two Christian papers are published at Sipohoan where also the theological school and seminary are located. On September 5, Dr.

Warneck accompanying me, we visited Lagoeboeti and Balige, with its large industrial school for boys and girls. The large leper asylum, Hoeta Salem, with 500 inmates is a wonderful testimony to faith and enterprise. Missionary K. Lotz and his family welcomed us at their home at Sianter. There also we met Mr. Oechsli of the Meth- odist Episcopal Mission which has a very promising Chinese work here. A large meeting was held in the evening and we spoke to the congregation, through an interpreter, on evangelizing their Moslem neighbors. On September 6th, after bidding farewell to Dr. W arneck, ~e took the train for Medan. A full program of meetings had been arranged including a public address at the Hotel Medan, an address before the Moslem Society Boedo Oetomo in Arabic, two addresses in English for the Methodist Mission in their church, a sermon in the Reformed Church in Dutch, and closing with a conference on September 12th held in the Hervormde Kerk for all the Christian workers of the city. Twenty-five were present. After discussion of the occupation of Sumatra, it was found that the total number of missionaries in the whole island was as follows: Dutch Clergy, 3; Dutch Baptist Society, 1 ; Java Committee, 2; Rhenish Mission, 45; Methodist Episcopal Mission, 8; Nederlands Zending Genootschaap, 4; Salvation Army, 10; American A.dventist, 6; a total of 79. It was arranged to appoint a small committee to encourage closer co- operation especially in prayer and for the production and distribu- tion of literature for Moslems and native Christians.

Only seventy-nine foreigu workers for the whole of this great field where the harvest is dead ripe and so many rich sheaves have been garnered! "And the isles shall wait for his law." How 10ng1 If anyone doubts the power of the. Gospel, its miracle working-power today, let him go to Sumatra.

A CHORUS OF WALDENSTAN CHRISTIANS AT THE UNVEILING OF THE

MEMORIAL, TORRE PELLICE, ITALY The New Italy and the Old Gospel BY FREDERIC S. GOODMAN, NE W YORK Secretary of the American Waldensian Aid Society PROBABLY no country in Europe has been so radically recon- structed in the past two years as Italy. While the old Italy, with its art, its music, its historic ruins and fascinating history, its natural and its artificial beauty are there, a new life is throbbing everywhere. Mussolini's motto, "Our Country and Not Ourselves," has become a word of power, far beyond the membership of the men who have taken the solemn oath of the Fascisti.

There is a new industrialism in Italy, which will have tremendous economic and political significance in the neal' future. Waste of every sort is under the ban, and efficiency has become the watchword.

There is a new imperialism, which, when accompanied by the new spirit in industry, may become a menace to the peace of Europe, if not of the world. One need only to call to mind the sad events of last August and September, to see the force of these statements. Italy needs, more than at any day in her recent history, the inspiring, the guiding, the restraining influence of a vital and vitallizing religious life. Papini, who has a tremendous vogue among his own countrymen, says a true word, in t.he Introduction to his" Life of Jesus Christ": "There never was a time more cut. off from Christ than ours, nor one which needed Him more."

There is a new aggressiveness in the Roman Catholic Church in all parts of the world, and especially in Italy. In some lands 35()

THE NEW ITALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

such as France, this takes the form of a vigorous assault on materialism, rather than on Protestantism. The Vatican realizes the changes which have come over Europe since the Armistice, especially in the Roman Catholic countries.

There is in Italy a religious minority, which, for seven long centuries, in a -marvelous way, has stood for and has been willing to die for, religious liberty. It has held tenaciously to the essentials of the Apostolic faith, as it has understood it. The Waldensian Church is the only Italian Protestant movement, which can be called a national Church. Its evangelical faith enables it to help its loved fatherland at this time of special need. This Church believes firmly: 1. That God is a loving Father who cares for all of His children, even when they ignore Him.

WALDENSIAN YOUTH BETWEEN SCHOOL SESSIONS IN THE GERMANASCA VALLEY 2. That Jesus Christ is a living Redeemer, mighty to save individuals, as well as communities and nations and civilization itself from the frightful results of sin and that there is no other Redeemer.

3. That the Spirit of the Living God is an omnipotent and omnipresent personal power, who will enter into the life of any man or group of men who will meet the conditions, and make that man or that group the channel of mighty blessing and power.

4. That there is far reaching reality in fellowship with God and with men through the means of common worship and the unfettered use of the Holy Scriptures.

5. That personal faith in such a Father, through such a Saviour, freely and steadily exercised is invincible, and overcomes every spiritual foe. This is far more than intellectual assent.

6. That love for Christ. shed abroad in the heart, by the Spirit of God, is equal to every spiritual strain. The hard command of Jesus, "love your enemies, and pray for those who persecute you," has

been fulfilled countless times, by the vValdensians, during the persecutions of seven centuries.

7. That on every saved sinner there rests the sobering responsibility to bear witness to the love, mercy and grace of the living Saviour, to everyone within the scope of his influence.

The study of Waldensian history, their covenants, and their creeds, warrants the statement that no body of Christians, under equally trying circumstances, more fully prove their right to be called followers of our Lord and Redeemer, Jesus Christ.

Italy, and all Europe needs nothing so much as demonstrated Christ-ianity, good will, confidence, unselfish service, expressed in the THE WALDENSIAN CAPITAL, TORRE PELLICE, IN THE VANDOIS VALLEYS, NORTH ITALY sphere of one's daily calling, industrial, economic, social, religious_ As Principal Cairns, Moderator of the United Free Church of Scot- land, has recently said, "Jesus Christ is the only Personality in the world Who is not bankrupt."

T1le'Naldensian Church, though only a small minority of the population of Italy, is eminently fitted to render timely and signifi- cant service to New Italy. Why? – 1. It is the only indigenous, national Protestant movement, of Italians, by Italians and for Italians.

2. It has an historic background of great significance, not only to Italy, but to evangelical churches in all lands. It was born, nurtured, and preserved in sorrow and suffering. It has paid in blood for its convictions. The records of the Waldenses, especially in the Valleys have a powerful influence over its sons and daughters, and,

THE NEW rfALY AND THE OLD GOSPEL

they elect the work of Christ at home and abroad, in a far large: proportion than do young men and women in other lands, within my knowledge.

3. It has a simple, democratic, and efficient form of organization. A very large place is given to the layman, though the standard of ministerial training is high.

4. It is intensely missionary. In spite of poverty, and unceasing opposition, political and religious, it has steadily pressed down from the Valleys, since the" emancipation" in 1848, until it has planted churches in more than fifty Italian /Cities, with out-stations and Sunday-schools in over one hundred other points.

5. It is successfully teaching the Bible and preac~ing the good news. Of this statement many new evidences are on file in the Waldensian headquarters in New York.

6. The Waldensians, to a very great degree have practiced that difficult command of our Lord, "Love your enemies and pray for those who persecute you." They are winning, slowly but surely, the favor. of the Government, and of their neighbors, by their good will and patient endurance of wrongs and restrictions.

This ancient Church has before it the most challenging opportunity of its history and deserves the sympathy and financial backing of American lovers of an Open Bible and of the evangelical faith.

WALDENSIAN CHURCH (CORNELIUS BAKER MEMORIAL) IN ROME Outstanding Events of the Past Year A. Mission Board Symposiwrn on the TVark as Seen from the Point of View of the Secretary's Desk LTAST January, a letter went from the office of the REVIEW, to thirty-six secretaries of the Home and Foreign Mission Boards, asking for brief reports on the most outstanding and important events of the past year in connection with their work on the mission field or at the home base.

The study of the twenty-two replies received from Board secretaries reveals some interesting facts. There is no note of pessimism though there are some in a minor key. Some secretaries find it very difficult to pick out any outstanding event, but report progress along several lines. Only one Board refers to the doctrinal controversy which is disturbing a number of the denominations and only one speaks of opposition on the field. Only two Boards mention financial difficulties, while five report encouraging gains in receipts. Seven rejoice over the opening of new fields or new stations and five write that the opening of new hospitals or schools marks a new advance. Seven are encouraged by signs of spiritual awakenings and an increasing number of converts. Fonr refer to the Japanese earthquake, its losses, and the effect on Christian missions. Three Boards find of special importance the reorganization of their work at home and four report more or less radical reorganization of the work on the field. Five Boards dwell on the development of the native Christian churches in self-government and self-support, and point out the need for better trained leaders. Anniversaries loom large as the outstanding events in the history of two Boards.

Possibly some of the Boards not heard from could report very encouraging and outstanding signs of progress, while others may be silent because tbey have nothing of interest to report. It is exceedingly valuable to survey periodically the work for which one is responsible 'and to note down what has been done that has been worth while. Records are valuable in giving an account of one's stewardship. Sometimes a survey reveals clearly a lack of vision and a definite policy on the part of the leaders. At times, one realizes the need for better generalship and greater dependence on God for leadership and spiritual power. Sometimes we come to realize through such a review that our eyes and our efforts have been fixed on earthly things that are insignificant and transitory and we feel more keenly the need for the inspiration of a greater task undertaken in the name of our divine Lord. In other cases, we are humbled as we stand in amazed gratitude at the way in which God has wrought wonders in conjunction with our feeble efforts and in spite of our. shortcomings.

354

1924J OUTSTANDING EVEN'l'S OF THE PAST YEAR

The letters printed below should be read by all interested in the great world-wide work of Christ. Through them many may be inspired to greater faith, to greater self-sacrifice and to more devo~ tion in prayer, in giving and in service, to fulfil the will of God among men.

The Seventh-day Adventists "Probably the most significant event indicating remarkable progress is the advancement evidenced in the stress-ridden portions of Europe. In the sections that have been passing through the great- est hardships, we are getting the most converts. In those areas we have been realizing greater gains in converts than in any other di- vision of our world organization. While Europe has been passing through the valley of the shadow for many years, yet, during those same years, our work has marched forward in a way that seems miraculous.

"In old Russia our net gain in converts for the first three quar- ters of 1923 was 2,213. Roumania reports 921 souls for 1923. The European Division reports over 10,000 baptisms for the year.

Neither Bolshevism nor famine, poverty nor hardship is able to pre- vent the progress of the Gospel. We feel grateful to God for the re- markable achievements by a small army of faithful soul-winners in the distressed portions of Europe.

"Reports from heathen lands contain such outstanding features as this word from the general director in the Far East: 'In the Phil- ippines the baptisms for 1923 were 1,029.' This echo comes from Central Africa: 'During 1923 the Zambesi field increased its mem- bership more than one thousand.' And so from every part of the world the cheering word of unprecedented advancement is reaching our Foreign Mission Board. B. E. BEDDOE.

Washington, D. C.

Amerioan Baptist Foreign Missions 1. The year has been remarkable for the record of evangelistic achievements. A total of 18,415 converts was added to the membership of the churches by baptism during the preceding statistical year. This is the largest total ever reported in a single year in the 110 years of the society's history.

2. Another significant event was the reduction in the accumulated deficit, which by unexpected larger income from various sources, and through a substantial reduction in expenditures, was reduced from $914,262.50 to $661,540.10.

3. In view of the blessing upon the evangelistic preaching tour in Czechoslovakia during the preceding summer, the Board sent to the Baltic States one of its members, Dr. S. "V. Cummings, for a similar preaching tour during the summer of 1923. He addressed

thousands of people and hundreds were brought to a saving knowl- edge of Jesus Christ.

4. The year 1923 must also record an unparalleled disaster in foreign missionary effort occasioned by the Japan earthquake, which damaged and destroyed property consisting of the '1'okyo Tabernacle, Mabie Memorial School, four Baptist churches, five missionary resi- dences and several other buildings, involving a total loss of ap- proximately $500,000. Never in its history has the society been called upon to face such a staggering blow to its work.

5. The encouraging development of self-support on the foreign field, in that now 61 per cent of the churches are entirely self-sup- porting, gives promise of still further development under proper mis- sionary leadership. Furthermore, the thousands of new converts must be wisely shepherded, and leaders from among them must be trained, so that in the days to come the new churches may grow rapidly to self-support and become centers for yet broader exten- sion of the faith.

New York City. P. H. J. LERRIGO.

New York American Baptist Home Mission A heartening undercurrent of evangelism has been noticeable in the work of all of the departments of the society during the past twelve months. Special evangelistic effort, accompanied by baptisms in every church in the state, has been adopted as the goal of the Oommittee on Evangelism in many states. A new vision of the possibilities of lay-evangelism has been grasped after our several Oonferences on Evangelism. The plan includes the appointment in every association of a given state of a layman whose duty it shall be to secure one layman in each church to cooperate with the pastor in the carrying forward of a special evangelistic campaign within the church.

Gracious revivals have awakened many towns in Eastern Ouba during the past two years. Students at EI Cristo College have become followers of Ohrist almost without exception. The native pastors trained by our American missionaries in Oentral American republics are continually leading groups of Ohristians into neighboring towns to make new converts.

Thirty students in the Mexican Boys' High School at Saltillo, Mexico, have declared an intention to study for the ministry.

Accompanying the generous gifts of money by Indians for the support of Bacone Oollege and Murrow Indian Orphanage, there have been consecrations of young Indian lives to Ohrist and His service. During December, 1923, a series of evangelistic meetings resulted in thirty-two baptisms at Bacone and there are now only two students who are not professing Ohristians.

Among the Kiowa Indians a spiritual movement developed

EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

through the positive stand for righteousness on the part of leading men and women that resulted in new converts won to Christ and many pledges made for Christian service. OUARLES L. WHITE.

New York City.

Southern Baptist-Foreign Missions There has not been, to my knowledge, any incident or develop- ment in our foreign mission work worthy of special attention.

Persecutions of our Baptist people in RJoumania continue. This will, I judge, be hard for Roumania to explain to the satisfaction of the American public after the agreement which Roumania entered into with the Allies when her present territorial boundaries were recognized.

There has lately been imprisonment of some of our Baptist men in Russia where the unsettled state of affairs gives us great anxiety. J. F. LOVE.

Richmond. Virgin'ia.

American Friend&-Foreign Missions Among the significant events of the past year on Friends' for- eign mission fields are the following: 1. The opening of a theological department in connection with the school at Holguin, Oriente, Cuba. Five young men are availing themselves of the opportunity to prepare for positions of leadership in the Cuba Church.

2. The church in Jamaica has experienced a phenomenal growth in the matter of self-support and in educational and evangelistic work. An enlarged church and school building program has been carried to completion.

3. The growth of the Normal Training School and Girls' Board- ing School in East Africa. Between forty and fifty young men—;- some the sons of chiefs and headmen-have entered upon a course of study which will prepare them to minister to the needs of their own people. More than thirty girls have been in attendance at the Girls' School in spite of the opposition on the part of some parents, headmen and others to advanced education for girls.

4. The growing eagerness of the Mohammedans and Protestants in Palestine for education. Friends are conducting day schools in six Mohammedan villages north of Jerusalem. Ohristian teachers are used and the people eagerly send their children for instruction.

-,.,~ Richmond, Indiana. B. WILLIS BEEDE.

d.F The Christian Reformed Church ~ Our little denomination does not havl'l big things to tell as other org~nizlttiomJ, but perhltp!l the following may interest you.

There are at present eight Christian Reformed llllssionaries in China, one of them at the Nanking Language School, and seven engaged in work in the city of Jukao, Province of Kiangsu.

Besides these workers in China, the Church has some 27 workers among the Indians of the Southwest, four stations being on the Navajo field and one station among the Zuni Indians, both in New Mexico, and two Hebrew mission plants-one in Paterson, N. J., and one in Chicago, Ill. At Hoboken, N. J., we maintain a Home for sailors and immigrants.

HENRY BEETS.

Grand Rapids, Michigan.

Church of the Brethren (Dunker) The oustanding new work of the denomination along missionary lines is the opening of work in Nigeria. Early in 1923 Rev. Albert D.

Helser and Rev. H. Stover Kulp entered Nigeria. as an investigation commission for the Church of the Brethren. 'I'hey selected a site in the Bornu Province and have secured permission from the Government to conduct a school at Garkida.

Work well established in India by a force of sixty missionaries and in China by fifty American workers is prospering in a normal way. In India there has been a distinct movement to emphasize the Indian Church more and the Mission less. The foundation for the new vocational school was laid and this will be invaluable since it is realized so keenly that the hand must be better trained to help carry out the Christian impulses of the heart.

Elgin, Illinois. H. SPRNCER MINNICH.

The Church of God "In the following paragraph we relate an event that, in our particular work, looms rather large.

" 'On Sept. 1, 1914, there was opened in Cuttack, India, under Miss E. Faith Stewart, a home for girls known as "The Shelter." Since it was established "The Shelter" has rescued more than one hundred of these girls, who, taken from the temples and dens of vice ·while very young and before they had entered lives of sin, were thus in a condition to be trained to lives of morality and Christian usefulness.

" 'But this institution is for girls only. Hence, Miss Stewart's heart was stirred for the need of the many orphan boys in India who need a place of shelter and an opportunity for Christian education. Money and workers having been provided for this purpose, the Boys' Home was opened sometime during the summer of 1923. The beginning was small, but as there are plenty of boys on whom to work in the Province of Orissa, the growth will be limited only by

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

the workers and the means available. This institution will also provide husbands for the girls of the Shelter. J. W. PHELPS.

Anderson, Indiana.

Christian and Missionary Alliance During the year 1923 the Christian and Missionary Alliance was enabled to open mission stations in four distinct language groups where no resident missionary work had ever previously been carried on and no message of the Gospel was being given. These groups are: Ca.mbodia, where we opened a station in Pnom Penh, the capital, in January, 1923, and have since baptized the first Cam- bodian converts. Later in the year another station was opened at Battambang, each of these occupied by a married couple. Cambodia has a population of over a million and a half and we are glad for the privilege of carrying the Gospel to them.

The other three groups are in French Vest Africa and include the Poula or ]j'outa group, in j1"rench Guinea, numbering 655,000 principally Mohammedans, in which we have opened two stations- Mamou and Labe; the Senoufo tribe, numbering with the related group of Habes 450,000, with a station at Sikasso in French Soudan j and the Bobo tribe, a practically naked pagan tribe of 308,000, with the main station at Bob-Dioulasso. Funds for the carrying on of the Bobo work are being given through the Alliance treasury by a missionary society of an Evangelical Conference in Pennsylvania.

In the last two years our missionaries have been enabled to open thirty-two new stations principally in hitherto unoccupied regions and in doing this only one previously occupied station was closed to the work and turned over by arrangement with another society.

Through an exploration trip made by Rev. H. B. Dinwiddie~ Co-Secretary in our Foreign Department and also Secretary of the Pioneer Mission Agency, and Rev. G. P. Simmonds, for many years one of our missionaries in Ecuador, and by a survey made by R. B.

Clark of our Brazil Mission in a trip from Iquitos through Central Peru to Lima, information has been secured regarding the Oriente and upper Amazon region and portions of Peru, where there are many Indians with no message of the Gospel and steps are being taken to enter within the next few months different portions of the territory surveyed. A. C. SNEAD.

New York City.

Congregational-The American Board It may not be possible to point with assurance to "the most outstanding fact or event" in connection with our work during the year 1923, but one inclines to remark the progress in native leadership on the several fields as the significant outcome of the year.

The process of transferring responsibility from mISSIOnaries to native leaders has been going on for years. The elevation of qualified Christians in India, China, or elsewhere, to positions of trust and administrative power was begun long before 1923; but in this last year the process has gone forward more widely, with in- creasing rapidity, and in more systematic fashion. Mission organi- zation has been restricted or revised so as to provide for a real devolution.

The Marathi Mission in India has created an Indian Mission Board, made up largely of pastors and leading laymen with but two missionary representatives, which has taken over the care of the church life and of elementary school development in one section of the field. An Indian educator has succeeded to the headship of the Mission high school in the city of Bombay. In our South Indian fields the care of districts and of stations formerly in charge of resi- dent missionaries is now transferred to the hands of Tamil leaders.

In North China, in addition to strengthening the organization of the Council which is the supervising and directing body for the whole Mission enterprise in that large field, two Chinese educational supervisors have been secured in place of the foreign supervisor originally called for to guide in school development.

In Japan, where the Kumiai churches have been independent and self-determining for many years, in 1923 the Mission transferred to the organization of these churches the care of the churches that were the outgrowth of its work and had been dependent in part upon its grants in aid. They transferred also the funds which had been employed in aiding the churches to the holding and distribution of this organization, contentedly accepting the limited representation of two members of the Mission in the body of control.

Boston, Mass. W. E. STRONG.

Methodist Episcopal Church, South On my recent visit to the Orient I noted two great awakenings everywhere manifest, intellectualism and nationalism. These facts call for a swift spread of Christian id'eals, lest this generation should fix standards and loose forces that will set the clock of civilization back a century.

The Church of the Orient is taking form; it is becoming indigenous; it is growing in self-consciousness, self-respect and a sense of power and responsibility. The development of a native leadership will more and more shape and direct the Church of the future. Together with the development of the native leadership, the past year records a distinct upward step in self-support.

In the light of these lines of development, perhaps the most outstanding achievement of the past year is the organization by the China mission conference of a mi,ssion of its own in Manchuria. The

OUTSTANDING EVE~TS OF THE PAST YEAR

money has already been raised by the Chinese and the mission opened .under the joint superintendency of a foreigner and a native worker. This is the first instance in our missionary annals of a foreign mission field so catching the spirit of Christ that the natives themselves established another mission.

The revival movement which swept Shanghai recently stands out as a notable example of progress. This was a union revival, organized, financed and operated by the Chinese. The preaching was done by the Rev. Z. T. Kaung, a Methodist. As a result of his work more than 1,500 conversions were recorded in less than two weeks, and the crowds were so great that by order of the municipal police the doors of the city hall, where the meetings were held, were closed at a certain hour, because of overcrowding.

At home we have emerged from the Centenary regime with credit and with a forward reach. During the past five years South- ern Methodists have added to their responsibility 20,000,000 people, a new continent, and four flelds to their territory, with four new languages in which the Gospel must be preached. We have almost doubled our missionary force. The foreign mission program is three times as great as in 1918; and we are at a point to shape up and mobilize the forces for a great forward look in the field of missions.

NashviUe, Tenn. W. W. PINSON.

The Moravians The events which seem of importance to us in our mission work may appear rather humdrum to those accustomed to deal with large affairs.

In Alaska the work among the Kuskokwim Eskimos shows a net gain of exactly 200. ·When one realizes that these are really "handpicked"-won "one by one" it is a remarkable increase. The total Eskimo membership is now 2,125.

The outstanding administrative feature was the authorization of the building of a motor boat at a cost of $15,000. This is very important ·since there are no roads in the Kukskokwim District and all travel between the widely scattered stations, outstations and preaching places must be done by dogsled in winter and boat in summer.

In Nicaragua the Moravians are working among the Creoles and among the Sumu and Miskito Indians. A remarkable work of grace has been going on, especiaUy among the Indians of the upper coast, which has continued now for more than two years. Adult heathen are crowding in and pleading for baptism. In 1921 the net increase was 652; in 1922, 446; in 1923, 633, and now several hUl1dred are under instruction for baptism. The total membership is 10,107.

This is the largest work among the Indians of Central America car- ried on by any church anywhere. PAUL DE SCHWEINITZ.

Bethlehem, Pa.

3

Presbyterians, North-Foreign As to the most outstanding facts or events in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923, I would suggest the fol- lowing (in addition to the reorganization of our Board to include the Woman's Board): 1. The plans for the organization of the Union Mission in Meso- potamia to be jointly maintained and administered by the Reformed Church in America, the Reformed Church in the United States, the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., and also it is hoped the South- ern Presbyterian Church and the United Presbyterian Church.

2. The opening of the hearts of the Japanese people and the removal of suspicion and international distrust by the great out- pouring of American friendship and goodwill in connection with the earthquake relief.

3. The return of the Assyrian Christians and of the missionaries .to Urumia and the beginning of the reestablishment of the Church there.

4. The securer establishment· of the new Mission of the Church in Southern· Yunnan among the Tai people. ROBERT E. SPEER.

New York City.

Its object was to rescue from the public brothels of the Province of Orissa, young girls who had been trapped and taken there, or sold to such a life by their parents; as well as little girls who had been married to the gods in the temples.

Presbyterian Board of National Missons Without doubt, the most outstanding event in connection with the work of National Missions during the year 1923 was the organiza- tion in May of that year of the Board of National Missions. There was thus created a great inclusive National organization charged by the General Assembly with responsibility for all of the work of the evangelization of the home land. Home Missions was one of the earliest concerns of the Presbyterian Church. It was a concern of the first Presbytery, the first Synod and of the first General As- sembly. The General Assembly of 1802 appointed the first Standing Committee on Home Missions and the original Board of Missions was organized in 1816.

The year has necessarily been one of transition and reorganiza- tion. A new operating organization has had to be built in which all of the interests of all of the cooperating agencies have had to be conserved. This initial task is now carried to the point where with the beginning of the new fiscal year the National Board is enabled to energetically prosecute its task to win America for Christ.

New York. H. N. MORSE.

1924J OUTSTANDING- EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The Presbyterian Church (South)-Foreign Among the most outstanding facts or events in the history of our Southern Presbyterian foreign mission work I briefly mention: 1. The fact that in spite of the large dependence of our Treasury on those engaged in cotton raising, and the ravages of the boll weevil in that industry, there has been no falling off, but on the con- trary an encouraging gain of approximately $150,000 in contributions up to the present date as compared with last year.

2. The present year marks the beginning of a new departure in our Mission administration in the appointment of three women as full voting members of our Board.

3. While our work has been disturbed by the Modernist-Funda- mentalist controversy, so far only in one case has any charge of doctrinal unsoundness been brought against any of our missionaries, and in this case the one implicated, after undergoing the most thorough investigation, received a unanimous vote of confidence from his Presbytery. S. H. CHESTER.

Nashville, Tenn.

Presbyterian Church (South) Home Missions (1) The year began with an indebtedness that increased until it aggregated $119,000, which was entirely wiped out leaving a small balance with which to begin the new current year.

(2) It witnessed the greatest Building Era in its history, which made demands upon Church Erection funds far beyond the financial ability of the Executive Committee, compelling it to decline applica- tions for help totalling nearly $200,000. This, however, did not prevent a Forward Movement in Church Erection which was in- augurated by appropriations for San Antonio; Texas involving a building outlay of $100,000. This is a specimen of similar operations to extend to a dozen other cities.

(3) The su.mmary of results reveals additions to the church, through the agency of Assembly'S Home Missions on profession of faith, aggregating 10,352 and by letter 4,967, making a total of 14,419.

(4) New equipment provided during the year for its mission work gives Stillman Institute for Negroes at Tuscaloosa, Alabama, Oklahoma Presbyterian College for Indians at Durant, Oklahoma, Stuart Robinson Institute for mountaineers in Kentucky their larg- ost capacity for service; while the $50,000 raised for the Mexican Girls School in Texas assures the sUCjCess of this new institution, at least in the first unit of its building operation.

Atla!J'!ta, Georgia. S. L. MORRIS.

l'resbyterian Church in Canada In our ten Foreign Mission fields the years 1918 to 1923 have been amongst the most encouraging years of our history. Famine relief in Honan in 1922 introduced a new era. The Chinese seem now to have got rid of the thought that foreigners were there for some sinister purpose, political or personal. One of our mission- aries reported that he had examined 2,000 candidates and enrolled 1,000 of them, asking the other 1,000 to delay for further study and conference. Another missionary also reports that he cannot oveI'take the number seeking examination. The barriers seem to have been broken down and the dooI's stand open. In Honan, when churches do not exist and the weather is not suitable for street preaching, tents are pitched and good audiences are secured, after- noon and evening, for ten days or two weeks and then our workers move on to another place.

The Jubilee of th~ North Formosa Mission was celebrated last year and reports come of a responsiveness there not known before.

Students have organized themselves into volunteer bands, and go out to villages round about for evangelistic work.

The Semi-Jubilee was celebrated last year in our Korea Mis- sion and the Korean Church manifests enthusiasm and enlarged out- look.

Toronto, Oanada. R P. MACKAY.

l'rotestant Episcopal Church The Protestant Episcopal Church feels that a new epoch in its missionary work in Japan began in December, 1923, with the consecration to the offiq,e of Bishop of Rev. Joseph S. Motoda, Ph.D., D.D., of the Diocese of Tokyo and Rev. Yasutaro Naide, D.D., as Bishop of Osaka. ':1.'0 quote the words of Bishop McKim: For the first time in the history of the missions of the Churches of the Anglican Communion, a native Church in Japan has created a self- supporting diocese, has elected its own Bishop under its own canons, and has become an integral branch of the Anglican Communion tm equal standing with its sister churches of England and America.

New York City. A. B. PARSON.

Reformed Church in America-Foreign In the Arcot Mission, India, the outstanding event from an administrative point of view is the organization by our Arcot Mission of the Arcot Assembly with a Constitution and By-Laws. This is perhaps the most advanced organized response within the churches of our missions to the new spirit that is running through the great countries of Asia. The stirring among these keen minds of the Orient of new ideas, particularly since the great V,rar, has influenced them, not only in their political life but in their religious as well.

1924J OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

The indigenous churches which have grown up in those countries have been moved by the challenge to self-determination and they have been endeavoring to express it in ways that have called out the sympathy and cooperation of the missionaries.

This Arcot Assembly is made up of the members of the Arcot Mission, the officers of the Indian Church Board, pastors of churches and other ordained ministers, headmasters and headmistresses of leading educational institutions, Indian representatives of the hospitals and laymen representatives of the communicant membership of the churches.

An outstanding event in Japan in which our Mission has had an active part has been the final organization after several years of anxious consideration of a Joint Evangelistic Board, made up of representatives of the Church of Christ in Japan aud of the cooper- ating Reformed-Presbyterian Missions, for the conduct of evangelis- tic work within the boundaries of the Churph and the cooperating Missions.

In the new mission field in Mesopotamia a forty-foot motor boat has been put into service to carry the gospel message along the rivers and canals and channels, to the tens of thousands of Arabs living in villages and hamlets and camps dotting all the water courses.

With the help of the Milton Stewart Evangelistic Fund a kero- sene motor boat was purchased from the British army for about $1,000 and has been named the "Milton Stewart." A cabin has been fitted up in the after part so that Mr. and Mrs. Dykstra can live on her for a month at a time.

New York City. WM.1. CHAMBERLAIN.

Reformed Church in America-Domestic It seems to me that the outstanding development in our work during the year 1923 was that connected with the growth of some cities and communities which are centers of influence for the Re- formed Church and which have called for a work of Church Extension of unusual size and scope. In the East this condition especially applies to the Metropolitan District, including Suburban New Jersey, Long Island and Staten Island. In this field the opportunities for extension have been limited only by the financial support the Board has been able to give. The same condition applies in the .Middle West, in and about the cities of Gran~ Rapids, Muskegon and HoI- land, :Michigan, and Chicago, Illinois. The willingness of people to support new church enterprises in these and other communities would seem to demonstrate that the average person does not want to live in a churchless community and that there is abiding interest in spiritual matters. "WM. T. DEMAREST.

New York City.

United Christian Missionary Society (Disciples) The most outstanding event in connection with our missionary work during the year 1923 was the raising of the Dr. A. L. Shelton Memorial Fund of $100,000 and the sending out of a new group of seven missionaries to Batang on the Tibetan border. This group con- sists of two evangelistic families, one medical family, and a trained nurse. This will lead to the strengthening of the Tibet station where we have a hospital, a Christian school and an orphanage, and will also make possible the opening of another station in the near future on the border. The fund is over-subscribed and a far larger group of young people would have been glad to go if we could have sent them. STEPHEN J. COREY.

St. Louis, Missoztt"i.

United Lutherans-Foreign Missions The outstanding event in connection with the foreign missionary work of the United Lutheran Church in America during the year 1923 was the effort to raise at least $300,000 as a Foreign Mission Forward Fund. This goal will be reached if all pledges are paid.

It is the purpose of the Board to cancel its indebtedness of $175,000 and to use the rest of its money for advance work in the foreign fields.

Negotiations are pending for the transfer of the Shantung Mis- sion Field of the Berlin Society to our Board. This field has three main stations, thirty-three outstations, and before the war there were twenty-eight missionaries in the field.

In India the outstanding event has been the establishment of a Vocational Middle School on the Lam Reserve near Guntur. The Mission is also pushing plans for a United Christian College in the Telugu area to be located at Bezawada. At preilent Noble College at Masulipatam is being used temporarily as a United College.

In Liberia the Lutheran missionaries are pushing backward into the Interior and have opened a new station near the boundary of French Guinea at Zorzor. GEORGE DRACH.

Baltimore, Maryland.

United Lutherans-Home Missions Perhaps the most outstanding fact during the past year was the removal of the headquarters from York, Pennsylvania to Ohicago.

Two other significant events were (1) The division of the West- ern portion of our field with a General Superintendent for the district west of the Rocky Mountains, and (2) a Mission Conference at which the entire directing force of our Home Mission work (General Super- intendents, Synodical and State Superintendents and Field Mission- aries) met with the Board to make a thorough survey of the field and to plan to occupy it more aggressively. JOHN F. SEIBERT.

Chicago, Ill.

OUTSTANDING EVENTS OF THE PAST YEAR

United Presbyterians-Foreign The pro-rata foreign missionary giving of our Ohurch per mem- ber is $6.02, including gifts coming in through both the Foreign Board and the Foreign Department of the Women's General Missionary Society.

The most outstanding event in connection with our work abroad in 1923 was the visit of the Oorresponding Secretary, Dr. W. B.

Anderson and the Recording Secretary, Dr. C. S. Oleland, to all our foreign fields-Egypt, the Sudan, Abyssinia and India. In con- nection with their visit to the Indian Mission Rev. H. C. Chambers, who went to India in 1903, was appointed as a General Secretary of the Mission. This is a departure from the previous policy but it is believed that it will result in much good in the way of coordinat- ing and unifying our work throughout the Punjab.

Abyssinia continues to. hold a fascinating missionary interest for the United Presbyterian Ohurch. There are many indications that this field has been directly opened by the hand of God. Although Abyssinia has nominally been Ohristian for many a century, yet it has been most hostile to present-day Ohristianity. The Abyssinians have at last welcomed American Ohristian missionaries into their land and after four years of occupation the United Presbyterian Ohurch has there a foreign staff of nine couples and six single women, located in three stations, Sayo, Gore and Addis Abeba. Last year, Dr. Lambie, the pioneer missionary in this field, returned to the capital with a $50,000 gift to which $17,000 has since been added, and is erecting a modern hospital in Addis Abeba with the hearty cooperation of the Regent. Over seventy converts have already been reported from this new field, indicating that God has in a special way placed the seal of His approval upon the opening of this work.

Philadelphia, Pa. MILLS J. TAYLOR.

United Presbyterians-Home Board In the matter of policy it is worthy of note that during the past year our three denominational Boards doing work in the Home field have been merged into one under the corporate name of "The Board of Home Missions of the United Presbyterian Ohurch of North America," which now carries three departments-" Home Missions, Ohurch Erection, and Work Among Negroes."

Special financial difficulty has been encountered during the year 1923, since the cost of organizing and maintaining mission stations has greatly increased-ahnost doubled in the last five or six years.

On the other hand, our Home Mission Board has never been confronted with so many splendid opportunities of organizing and developing mission congregations. 'Where we have been enabled to do so, splendid results have fonowed.

Pittsburgh, Pa. R. A. HUTClilSON.

Results of Christianity in

BY GALEN M. FISHER, M. A., NEW YORK Author of "Creative Forces in Japan." Formerly Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Japan.

O NE is reassured as to the stability of the Christian Movement in Japan by becoming acquainted with outstanding living Japanese leaders, such as those mentioned below. Japan is said to have been the first Asiatic country to have a "native" bishop for a Protestant communion. Bishop Honda was the man (or one might well say, the saint) elected to fill the office when, in 1908, the united Japan Methodist Church was formed. He has been followed by two other able men, Bishop Hiraiwa and the present incumbent Bishop Usaki, who, by the way, is a worthy graduate of Vanderbilt University.

This year, at length, after years of preparation, the Anglican church in Japan (Seikokai) consecrated Rev. Dr. S. Motoda and Rev. Dr. Naide as its first Japanese bishops. Like a number of other Seikokai leaders, Bishop Motoda owes a great deal to two early American Episcopal missionaries, Dr. Tyng and Bishop Williams. For collegiate and graduate study he went to U. S. A., taking his doctorate in sociology. Bishop Motoda has won his spurs not only as an educator but as a prolific writer and lecturer. His catholic spirit and judicial poise have made him unusually effective in interdenominational enterprises.

In the Nihon Kiris1do Kyokai (Presbyterial) the foremost elder statesman is Pastor ]f. Uemura. He is a master of expository preaching, for, although his pulpit manner is unadorned and quiet, his fresh exegesis, his incisive thrusts at human nature and his widelanging literary allusions give his messages penetrating power. One of the keys to his influence is to be found in his library, gleaned from all land.s, but chiefly British. Dr. John Kelman is an admiring friend of Dr. Uemura's and when calling on him one time he was left in the library a few minutes while Dr. Uemura went to another room. On the reappearance of his host Dr. Kelman exclaimed, "It's gooo you didn't leave me alone with some of these books any longer, or I might not have been able to resist the temptation!" The Fukuin Shimpo (" Gospel News") is the recognized premier among religious weeklies in Japan. It has from the first-for thirty odd years-been edited, managed and owned (and its deficits met) by Dr. Demura. As though the shepherding of the largest congregation in the Empire and the editing of a weekly journal were not enough, he has successfully maintained a theological school and has been for many years chairman of the National Executive Committee of the denomi" nation. When one inquir'es as to the fountainhead of all this pro- 308 ductivity, it appears that young Uemura as a lad studied in the schools of the late Dr. James H. Ballagh (Dutch Reformed) and Dr. Samuel Rollins Brown (Presbyterian). It was due to Dr. Ballagh's influence that he became a Ohristian.

The Kumiai (Congregational) Churches in Japan are rich in a.ble leaders, especially in the first,- and alas-the passing, generabon. Among them the group who came from the famous "Kumamoto Band" stand foremost. rrhis group includes Pastor Kanamori, the "three hour sermon evangelist," so widely known in America, Pastor Miyagawa, the powerful pastor of Osaka, Pres. Ebina, of Doshisha DR. SAKUZO YOSHIMO KA.TINOSUKE !BUKA Professor in Tokyo Imperial University; leader President of Meiji P.aku1n College; chairman in progressive political and reUglouB National Cummittee of Y. M. C. A" Ex-moderator thought ot Presbyterian General Assembly; Ex-chair- m a n of National S. S, Associa.tion.

tTniversity, and his predecessor, Dr. Tasuku Harada, now of the University of Hawaii. Dr. Ebina, president of Doshisha University, has always been more a prophet than a theologian, and his persuasive presentation of the love of the Father and of the Lordship of Jesus Christ has gone far to stop the mouths of gainsayers and to make them thankful that in every way Christ is preached.

One of the greatest gifts of Doshisha to Japan is Oolonel Gumpei Yamamuro, the master mind of the Salvation Army. His funds exhausted, young Yamamuro was on the point of being compelled to leave Doshisha, when a fellow student anonymously paid his fees and enabled him to continue. Some time afterward he learned who had so befriended him, and on asking the reason, found that it was the

love of Christ in the heart of a lad who was peddling milk and eating short rations in order to help him out. Naturally he was deeply touched and was moved in large measure by this incident to become a Christian and give his life to the service of the poor and unfortu- nate. Col. Yamamuro's pen and voice have reached literally millions with a kindling message. His volume, "The Common People's Gospel," has the quality of Spurgeon and Moody. and has gone through countless reprints. As he speaks, even a hearer ignoraut (If Japanese could hardly escape the drawing power of his glowing sympathy and unaffected concern for sin-chained hearts. The growth and standing of the Salvation Army in Japan are due largely to bim, for with extraordinary evan- gelistic gifts, he unites confidence- winning character and shrewd common sense.

In the younger generation of ministers there are a number of able men in each of the denomina- tions. Rev. H. Hatanaka of the Kumiai Church is one. In his boy- hood he was practically adopted by Miss Mary Wainwright of the Congregational Mission and in America he bore the name George Wainwright. Her unstinted ef- forts on his behalf have borne rich fruitage. After graduating from Oberlin College and Theological Seminary he had the distinction of SOICRI SAITO serving with success as a Boys National General Secretary of tbe Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Pittsburgh Y. 11. C. of Japan A. among American boys. He was equally successful in similar work among Japanese boys at Osaka.

But his riper powers found fuller outlet in the pastorate, at Kyoto.

1'here he was for several years the dynamic leader of a large central church embracing alike merchants and students, men, women and ehildren. That he has had a helpmeet of ability in his wife, a grad- uate of a mission college, will have been surmised by readers who know how often the wife is the better half in American pastorates. A few months ago Mr. Hatanaka accepted the insistent call to become Dean of his wife's alma mater, Kobe College. In student conferences he has been an especially effective speaker. His exceptional com- mand of English, added to his winsome personality, have made him one of the best interpreters: Dr. J aIm R. Mott spoke through him almost exclusively two years ago.

LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN J APAN

Rev. Toyohiko Kagawa of Kobe, although barely thirty-five, is today one of the most widely read and respected Japanese. His ~).ctivities for the last five years have been manifold: preacher, evan- gelist and lecturer in universal demand, author of sociological, re- ligious and imaginative works of note, including an autobiographical novel which in 1921-22 was a "best seller"; organizer of the -Test- ern Ii'ederation of Labor and of the hitherto helpless and scattered 1enant farmers into a national union. Kagawa is one of the most remarkable examples of the highly multiplicative effects of Christian mlSSlOns. Since the earthquake, he has been giving himself unspar- ingly to relief and evangelistic work among the stricken multi- tudes of the Tokyo slums.

Among the notable Christian laymen, it is difficult to select a few for special mention. Kichi- taro Muramatsu of Kobe went to New York in his youth to study business, and on his first Sunday in the great city attended a church where an incident occurred which leavened his whole life. After the service he was hoping some one would greet him, and at length a kindly gentleman did so, in the heartiest way, and after inquiring about bis religious and business connections, invited the youth to call at his office in the Twenty- MISS MICHl KAWAI third Street Y. M. C. A. It was National General Secretary of the Y. W.

none otber than the General Secre- c. A .• Japan tary, Robert McBurney, himself once a lonely immigrant from Ireland. Although Mr. Muramatsu never saw Mr. McBurney again, that sympathetic word aroused in him the resolute purpose to dedicate his own life to befriending young IIlen away from home in bis own city of Kobe. To tbat purpose be has been inflexibly true for more than a quarter century. He has lived a busy mercbant's life and bas reared a fine family, but be has at the same time been superintendent of a Sunday-school and president of the city Y. M. C. A. and a leader in the nationwide expansion of tbe Kumiai Churches. Wben the first Association building fund was be- ing launched, he felt that he as president should lead off, so he con- tributed the one thousand yen which he bad been saving in order to

build a home for himself, remarking that the young men of the city needed a home of their own much more than he did.

The ideal woman of Old Japan was seldom seen and never heard, for the home was her first and only sphere. In New Japan women are invading nearly all the occupations alongside of their brothers. They speak and write on domestic and political issues and conduct all sorts of business, educational and philanthropic enterprises. Among the younger Christian leaders, Miss Michi Kawai stands in the front rank. Descended from an unbroken line of Shinto priests stretching back to the time of King Alfred, her father became a Chris- 1ian and sent her to a Presbyterian Mission School, and later to Miss '1'suda's famous Christian college in Tokyo. There she won a competitive scholarship for Bryn Mawr. Today she is the winsome yet aggressive leader of the NationalY. W. C. A., and is known and honored in Europe and America because of her telling addresses at scores of universities and conventions. Since her last visit to Europe she has aroused the Christian women of Japan to give heroically toward the relief of East European students.

Among young men Mr. Soichi Saito holds a place of leadership Hot unlike that of Miss Kawai among women. He is intellectually a product of the government school system but at various stages he has been deeply influenced by missionaries, particularly of his own denomination, the Baptist. During his undergraduate days he took an active part in the Christian Association, and his thoughts were turned toward Christian service by translating Dr. Mott's volume on "The Leadership of the Church." After graduating from the Tokyo Imperial University he taught for nine years in his alma mater, the government junior college at Kumamoto. The Y. M. C. A. leaders all along desired to secure him as a secretary, but refrained from approaching him out of deference to the prior claims of another Christian agency upon him. When, however, he had declined three calls from that agency, the Association called him to the staff of the National Committee. In a short time he became National General ~ecretary, the first Japanese to hold that post. Whether at home or abroad, in China where the Japanese are bitterly suspected, or in Europe where they are little known, his unerring tact, penetrating insight, and courageous optimism have given him an influence beyond his years.

There are also pronounced Christians in high official circles, among them the Hon. N. Watanabe, Chief Justice of the Korean Court of Appeals and the Hon. Hampei Nagao, director of the Tokyo municipal department of lighting and transportation. The quality of Mr. Nagao's Christianity may be judged by an incident in Siberia early in 1919. Four European nations, and China, the U. S. A. and Japan, were there eyeing each other jealously. The Siberian Railwav was utterly broken down. Japan proposed that it should be restored

1924J LIVING RESULTS OF CHRISTIANITY IN JAPAN

under a joint international board, with John F. Stevens of Panama Oanal fame as chairman. Japan's representative was Mr. Nagao. Mr. George Gleason thus tells how he took hold: "On his first night in Siberia we took supper together. 'I didn't want this job,' he said. 'There is too much international politics in it. But my government would not let me resign. I have come over to work with Mr. Stevens. You know him. Is he a Chris- . tian f Because if he is, I will go and have prayer with him, and then I am sure that all of our problems can be solved.'

"Due not a little to the fine Christian spirit injected into that committee by this Japanese engineer, four months later Roland M:orris, the American Ambassador to Japan, was able to say to a group of Osaka business men: 'Every decision of that Technical Board has been unanimous.' "

Mr. Nagao is a man of backbone, not like so many men who put the soft pedal on their religion the moment they become prominent officials. Wherever he has been on duty he has spoken as freely and acted as decisively in support of his Christian convictions as though he were a clergyman. In Kyushu he induced 6,000 of the 8,000 rail- way men under him to sign the temperance pledge. He is an ardent udvocate of church union and when he found the multiplicity of weak churches a handicap to the Christian cause in Moji he brought about a union church equipped with a parish house. Nagao's sterling char- acter and captivating personality win friends for his Master wher- ever he goes.

This gallery of notables may end with Prof. Sakuzo Yoshino. 'rhough still in his early forties, Dr. Yoshino has for ten years wielded a national influence as a fearless, constructive political and religious thinker. During his school days in Sendai he was won to Christ by a lady missionary, and was built up in the faith by his life in the student Association home. In college and university he took honors in scholarship and led the student Christian Association. ']'hree years in China as tutor to the children of Yuan-Shi-Kai laid the foundations for a friendliness toward the Chinese which has never wavered. After higher studies in Germany he was called to the chair of politics in Tokyo Imperial University, a unique vantage- point. Ten years ago, when the liberal or democratic movement in Japan was gasping to be born, he boldly attacked the repressive policy of the administration in Korea. Frowns and threats from !ligh officials failed to silence him. Soon he found himself one of the small band of prophetic spirits who have aroused the latent liberal- ism of the thinking classes.

It is such men and women, holders of the Distinguished Serv- ice Cross in the Christian Army, who justify the brightest hopes for the permanence and expansion of Christianity in Japan.

BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 72J MUHLENBERG BUILDING, PHILADELPHIA, P A

COLLEGE STUDENTS AND MISSIONS I N the making of the history of modern m.issions, eolleges and college students have a large share. America has its Haystack Prayer Meeting; Japan, its gnarled pine and famous Kumamoto Band. From among German university students, Bartholomew Ziegenbalg and Henry Plutschau, went out. as the first Protestant missionaries to India.

This year, in the Student Volunteer Movement Convention of North America, over 5,000 students met to face the need of the world for Christ and their relationship to His great commission. During the past thirtyseven years more than 10,000 student volunteers have gone to foreign fields as missionaries.

Through the Student Fellowship for Christian IMe Service, thousands of coNege men and women are realizing their responsibility for home mission work, also. Steadily. on college campuses and in college halls, student leaders, who have lifted up their eyes and looked on the field, which is the world, are trying to lead others to see the same vision and to relate their lives rightly to the commission of their Lord.

YALE AND ITS UNOFFICIAL CHI- the Student Volunteers and the In- NESE EXTENSION ternational Young Men's Christian Dr. Harlan P. Beach tells the story Association, a number of attempts have been made to support individuals of one of the greatest student enter· in connection with the Associat,ion or priSM in the history of missions. in cooperation with recognized mis- Decades ago, David Livingstone so sionary societies in Asia. Harvard moved the students at Oxford and and the University of Pennsylvania Cambridge that in 1859 an organiza- for some time carried on independent tion was effected, called the Universi- mission work in China, but after a ties Mission to Central Africa. This few years they ceased to operate.

strong mission has carried on con- In 1902, Yale University decided to tinuously ever since; yet it is not establish a mission of its own in true to its name in the matter of sup- China, and the work has continued port and control, the universities and grown steadily, until, in 1923, its having ~o large part in the enterpri~e support from the New Haven office and no special respons.ibilities. Simi- required $152,589, in addition to lar organizations, initiated through $60,480 received on the field. The student interest in missions, bear money from Am-erica was given by scholastic names-the Dublin. Oxford graduates. undergraduates and friends and Cambridge Missions-and carry of Yale, aided generously by grants on missions in India. They also bear from the China Medical Board of the no great amount, of responsibility for Rockefeller 1<~oundation, and from the manning and financing those missions. Commonwealth Fund. The 1923 In America, under the influence of catalogue reports sixty-three in the 374

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faculty, and an enrolment of more leavened in a missionary sense by the than 450 in the Middle School, Arts sister institution in China and its Department and Medical School. achievements as reported from time Adding the students in the two to time through the college press and Nurses' Schools, there are over 500 at its largely attended annual meet~ students in all. Such a growth in ing on Baccalaureate Sunday. twenty-two years after the first missionary of the Society reached China, The graduates are. more generally and from 1906, when the missionaries interested in the philanthroric and had sufficiently equipped themselves educational phases of Yale in China, to open the Collegiate School, shows and especially in the remarkable medthat Yale in China CYa-li in Chinese) ical work it is doing, educationally is no longer an experiment in educa- and as a healing agency, than in its tion nor in its reflex results upon Yale di'ltinctively religious outcome-an University in New Haven. objective regarded as fundamental and running like a scarlet thread The underlying objective which through the whole scheme by both its actuated the graduates and Student missionaries and officers at the home Volunteers who founded the Society base. Bible study, chapel and church was to establish in a great mission services attended by all the students, field a Christian mission, manned by a vigorous Young Men's Christian its own graduates and supported by Association, voluntary work underthe Yale con·stituency. It was be- taken by Association members for t,he children of the neighborhood, teachlieved that such an enterprise would ing in the Sunday-schools of the varienlist. a deep and abiding interest in ous missions in Changsha, where the missions at the university itself, as its representatives continually report- mission is located, the conduct of Red ed, through the college periodicals, Cross work, the beginnings of tuberinteresting items concernin/t missions culosis work, are some of the ways in in China. It was also believed that a which this spirit of Christian service Christian university had a very real is manifested and nourished. missionary obligation which could, in part" be met by such a mission. They The various missionary societies felt, moreover, that undergraduates which entered the province of Hunan, who became interested in missions after it was opened to the previously during their college course and con- hated foreigner in 1902, united in tributed to the cause, would continue asking this mission to undertake the this interest arid financial cooperation work of higher education. This inviin their various denominations after tation was accepted, and the happiest graduation. This would be a' by- relations of friendly cooperation have product, of no small moment. been manifested ever since. The com- mon church of all the missions in Vhile Ya-li was in no sense an off- Changsha is the beautiful chapel of shoot of Yale University or directed Ya-li. To it, the missionaries come by it officially, it has always had every Sunday afternoon; and the among its leading offi,cers prominent foreign mercantile and diplomatic members of the faculty who have de- community also regard it as their voted themselves unselfishly to the common meeting center. study of its problems abroad and its financing at home. So important has The mission's attitude toward the the mission appeareil to its recently Chinese gentry and other literati has retired president that on resigning so won their esteem and confidence that for years tohey have been assotwo years ago he publicly stated that ciated with Ya-li in the medical work among thc varied accomplishments of through the Hunan-Yale Educational his university administration, no Association, with an equal number of event had seemed equally important directors elected by the Hunanese and as that of establishing Yale in China. the mission. This enlisted support, and Yale graduates are also increasingly secured from the Chinese land and

building for hospital use and a yearly erfl in the attempt to uplift the Chi- subvention. They have thus come to nese people, always with the hope of regard Ya-li as their very own. Its their personal and national regenera- great hospital, costing some $200,000 tion. This has made the Yale experi- and its various buildings, crowning ment in China a confirmed success.

the hill just outside the old city walls, MISSIONARY INTEREST AT and seen from far down the river, are MOUNT HOLYOKE their pride. Ya-li's natural emphasis on athletics makes its campus at By HARRIET VAUGHAN, 1925.

athletic events the one great rallying A constant fresh st,ream of mission- place for the populace, from the Gov- ary interest flows to Mount Holyoke ernor in his silks to the poorest men, through letters from missionary women and children. In time of strife alumnre. Every year committees of -Changsha has been the center of the girls write personal letters containing struggle between North and South for college news to each of our mission- years-the mission premises are the aries, and they in return write inter- neutral ground whither high officials est.iug letters concerning their work flee for refuge. With so many wounded and country. These letters give the in the frequent, bloody encounters, the girls accurate, first-hand pict.ures of hospital's force of thirty-seven staff missionary work. Christmas boxe& members finds its hands full, even if are also sent to two missionaries, one the annual quota of 30,000 out-pa- in Japan and one in Mexico.

tients and the intensive work in the The World Fellowship dil>cussion hospital wards were not their primary group has sought out the foreigner duty. on our campus to give life to a con- Naturally the spirit, of the mission sideration of foreign problems. Stu- has affected the community and espe- dents interest'3d in world problems cially its students and graduates. meet on Sundays between church and Working for the educational and dinner time and at each meeting a physical improvement of the entire foreign student tells about her coun- community enlists their enthusiastic try. This year the phases presented cooperation. Two schools modeled by the students included a brief aft,cr Ya-li and started by its gradu- sketch of the rise of the religion of ates have a joint enrolment of nearly t,he country, their contact with Chris- a thousand. Smaller schools, taught tianity, the changing position of by undergraduates, night schools, etc., women toward freedom as seen in which aid in city sanitation, in famine China and in the Near East, the edu- relief, and in many minor activities, eational situation, the Youth Move- are samples of Ya-li student by-pro- ments, and each country's place in ducts. international affairs. In this way we With the great enlargement. of the are informed as to the problems of t.he mission it has not been practicable nor day and each country is given similar wise to confine the staff to Yale grad- consideration.

uates. This is especially true in the This year we are working out a new Medical and Nurses' Training Schools, plan of House Discussion Groups that where a number of graduates from take the place of the Vorld Fellow- other institutions have been taken ship group once a month. The sub- into t,he mission. Yet an indirect re- jects for discussion have so far been sult of having somewhat more than 'Var and Peace, and Law Enforce- half the staff recruited from other ment. Girls who lead the discussions institutious, though supported by Yale, prepare themselves by reading and by is to carry the missionary interest instruction from some one of author- into those schools which have given ity- who conduct-s a small forum for the cream of their -graduates. The these leaders. At the House Discus- keynote of Yale in China is friendly sion groups everyone seems to have cooperation with Chinese and foreign- something to say and nothing is barred,

Bl:ST METHODS

even though it may be mere prejudice of books and magazines of missionary or opinion impossible to substantiate int.erest.

by facts or sound argument. The con- One weekly meeting of the Y. W.

structive part of the discussion comes C. A. each month is conducted as a when we t.ry to formulate the. various World Fellowship meeting. These views and to reach a conclusion on meetings have utilized a missionary which we can agree as the solution alumnus speaker, two Chinese stu- of the problem. On Monday morning dents, reports of the Indianapolis in chapel one of the leaders gives the Student Volunteer Convention, and a results of the discussion. playlet. Since Indianapolis, study This method develops and educates and discussion groups have been or- public opinion, which is a great ganized dealing with the problem of watchword for advance. To develop Race and the Christian Ideal.

public opinion we must have a knowl- The center of our efforts is the an- edge of the facts and then think the nual World Fellowship Week in problem through. The forum method November. This is one of the big seems t·o give an opportunity for ex- events of the college year. It is pression which will be the result of sponsored jointly by the Y. M. C. A.

thinking. To know how to handle the and Y. W. C. A. It was opened this problems which confront the present- year with a special vesper service on day generation of college students, we Sunday afternoon. For this and the must form habits of clear seeing and remainder of the week, t.he chapel was straight thinking. decorated with flags of many nations and with over one hundred posters.

WORLD FELLOWSHIP WEEK AT Sixty additional posters were used COE COLLEGE during the week in fraternity houses By ELIZABETH PATTON, CEDAR. RAPIDS, IOWA and in conspicuous places on the campus to advertise specific events Working with a student body of and to convey the spirit of the week. about 1,000, t.he aim of the World Fel- Most. of these were carefully planned lowship Department of the Coe Col- and prepared during the preceding lege Y. W. C. A. has been to inform summer. Illustrative material was oband interest regarding world condi- tained from magazines and missiontions and the responsibility of this ary picture sheets. Lettering and student generation for Christian captions were varied and ingenious. service. Our efforts during the past When World Fellowship Week was two years have been popular and com- over, the posters were used separately prehensive. as the basis for bulletin board dis- plays. It is our aim to have the idea of World Fellowship permeate all cam- Thc center of campus life being the pus thinking and activity. To keep it constantly in sight, a bulletin board women's dormitory, our ideas were has been conspicuously placed at the most fully expressed there. Each day chapel entrance and is kept up-to-date with clippings, illustrations, let.ters, of the week t.he girls were aroused photographs, curios, and other things to explore a new country. Instead of of world interest. the usual rising bell on Monday, they heard the South Sea tom toms, on Tuesday Alaskan sleighbells, on .A large map of the world hangs in Wednesday Mexican music, on Thurs- the main building. From the point day Egyptian cymbals, and on Friday marked Cedar Rapids, streamers, in Japanese chimes. Morning prayers, school colors, extend to all parts of the each day, dealt with these countries.

earth and bear tags on the end with 'rravel and mi8Sionary books of each the names of Coe's students at their land were on display, and the dinner respective stations in the foreign field. menus were based on typical dishes.

The committee cooperates with the Ii- For instance, on South Sea day we brary in the selection and advertising served: 4

Cannibal Stew turned missionaries, foreign boards, Kaffir Korn etc. A program of music, readings, Stewed roots (potatoes) folk dancing, and Oriental magic was Fruit of the bread tree given in the parlor. Then a glorified Tropical fruits grand march consisting of Indian file, Java coffee German goose step, Spanish fandan- Cocoanut milk. go, Dutch roll, etc., led to the large dining room below where games of There was appropriate music dur- many ·lands were played. Refreshing each meal; proverbs, conundrums, ments served consisted of Turkish or stoatistics of the respective countries coffee and Chinese tea, with round were passed arouud the tables; and cookies representing the world and favors were at each place. For the continents outlined with colored icing. South Sea Islands, these consisted of As a grand finale everyone bid everypeanut and tissue paper carrots; for one else good night by use of a circle A>laska, candy snowballs (sugar cov- handshake. ered filberts); for Mexico three inch bandanas; for Egypt, King Tut fig- Information, fun, friendship – these were all acquired in this experiures; for Japan, tiny fans. mental social function, which was On Monday evening, literary so- voted a distinct success. Expenses for this week's activities, and the work of cieties based their programs on the the committee for the whole year were romance of the South Sea Islands. met by a budget of $115. This in- cluded the contribution of both t·he 'l'uesday evening the chapel was Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. packed for the production of the pageant, "In the Light."* Last year The faculty cooperated during we gave "The Striking of America's World Fellowship Week by taking five minutes or more during each class Hour. "t The cast was composed of period for a discussion of the relation of their subject to world conditions representative students, many lands or to the missionary enterprise. being represented by their own nationals. Music was supplied by the Every morning during the week, regular vesper choir of one hundred and for several weeks preceding, the committee and a group of those intervoices. ested met for an informal prayer Wednesday and Thursday were circle. These were the power and in- spiration behind all that was accomgiven over to our special speaker. He plished and were the secret of our led a joint. Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. meeting Wednesday morning, success. spoke at regular chapel exercises Thursday morning, to mixed audi- A WORLD MAP AT MONTANA ences Wednesday and Thursday evenings, to the .Student Valunteer UNIVERSITY groups and to both "Y" cabinets. The By MAUDE GWINN, Student Secretary remainder of' his time was filled with The idea of using a world map for missionary educlltion presented itself individual conferences. to us in an interview between a visit- On Friday night the climax of the ing Student Volunteer secretary and our Y. W. C. A. World Fellowship week came in the form of a Merry- chairman. The linen map became a Go – Round – the- World All- College part. of our equipment, but lay un- Party at which the foreign students used until we conceived the idea of were honor guests. In the parlor of making it an alumni chart. The apthe quadrangle were five exhibit proaching Homecoming Day, the time booths-one for each country we had when many former students would be used during the week. These dis- returning for a visit, gave us the played curios, pictures, books, etc., and needed inspiration. were presided over by students in costume. Material for these booths was obtained from local museums, re- ·Wf'man's Press. 600 Lexington Avenue, New York City. 50 cents.

tLiterature Headquarters, 123 Muhlenburg Building, Philadelphia, Pa. 20 cents.

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First we secured from the regis- MISSION STUDY AT VASSAR trar's office the names of former Mon- MARGARET CRUTCHFIELD tana University students living and I should place very near the top of working outeide the United States. the list of words misunderstood by The map was then placed on a iarge students and faculty today the two bulletin board in the Administration words, missions and missionary. The Building. The letter M attached placid ignorance concerning their firmly to a pin marked on the map the real significance is awe-inspiring. Too location of the university. Many often, however, we mission devotees threads of green string stretched spend our energy in combatting this themselves from t,he pin on the M to ignorance instead of in supplanting the various locations, and at the end it by knowledge, and the not surprisof each of these was a small piece of ing result is either passive acknowlpaper containing a number. At the bottom of the map we placed the in- edgment of the ignorance or positive dex, with names corresponding to the antagonism to the missionary project. numbers. After each name was the maHing address and the vocation; and A very frank facing of these facs just, beneath the index sheet was a note led to our evolving a new plan this asking for any new names or addresses year. We decided to lay our whole which visiting 'grads' might know. emphasis on the idea "ye shall know The registrar's list was incomplete. the truth," and to base whatever work Our efforts were rewarded by receiv- we did on an acknowledgment of the ing 80me wanting addresses. fact t,hat at present we did not know the truth about peoples in other coun- The map received write-ups with tries–how they lived, what they sizable headlines in both the universil y thought, how they felt, what their personalities were. Our aim was to and the city papers, and the fact that learn the trut,h about these peoples no organization was mentioned as itlS and then, considering them as people sponsor helped us feel that the articles were spontaneous. We had reason to as well as facts, to discuss presentbelieve that many people were at- day conditions-how satisfactory or unsatisfactory they were and what was tracted to the map, little suspecting, being done about them. Missions perhaps, that t,hey were being made were to be studied and discussed "victims" of missionary education, thoroughly and honestly and in so far Another piece of indirect education as they threw light on our subject, took form through the avenue of a THE TRUTH.

Japanese tea-a venture which is by Last spring we drew up a list of no means unique, of course. But this nine countries (we didn't dare tackle • was a silver-tea, reception, and sale more)-China, Japan, India, Syria, combined. It was held in the home Persia, Egypt, Africa, Latin Amer- of an advisory member, where the ica, and the United States-and se- guests 'Yeregreet.ed and served by cured the titles of three books dealing kimono-clad figures, ushered into with each country: one, a general lantern-hung rooms, refreshed by tea, survey of the count,ry by an author entertained with Japanese music, and unconnected with mission activities; introduced finally to the Japanese two, a general survey of the country shop. The contents of the shop- by an author connected with mission kimonos, incense, lamp-shades, silk activities; three, a biography of the slippers, paper knives, and what-not, finest missionary who had gone to the were secured from a Japanese store in country, Next we mentally surveyed a distant city and sold on a commis- the various groups of girls on campus sion basis. Our guests, who came t,:> and listed possible ,leaders in each be sociable and to contribute to our group, keeping a weather eye for such treasury, had no suspicion that -they characteristics as personal enthusiasm, were being educated Japan-ward, quiet persistence, and genuine fair-

milldedness. After this we made a up-to-date list of articles, chapters personal call on each of these girls, and pages from books that bear on frankly explained our program, and your subjects, so you can hand out asked her to help us in putting it pieces of reading requiring from fif- across by choosing from our listed teen minutes to several hours. Study countries the one she'd like to make Harrison Elliott's pamphlet, "The the subject of a study and discussion Why and How of Group Discussion."

group for the following year. The Always include our own country three books on her list were to be read among those studied. We need it.

during the summer and the leader Such a program means hard and was to select the particular phase that alert work but it is wonderful fun. interested her most. And any number of failures and dis- appointmentoS are balanced when your The astonishment of most of the atheist tells you with a grin that this girls to whom this proposal was made is the most fascinating thing she's was delightfully. funny. Some told us they didn't think they believed in done since she's been in college. missions. One said that she was an atheist. We responded that we did HOW SOUTHERN BAPTISTS MEET believe in both missions and God, and STUDENT OPPORTUNITY tbat what we were trying to do was t·o get at the truth and face it. We had By JULIET MATHER some refusals but eventually we got "Miss College Girl is just. home but our nine leaders and, since they repre- she doesn't take hold of things in our sented nearly every hall in college, we church at all." Often the comment introduced curiosity into many un- is far too true regarding splendid, expected quarters. talented young people who have re- The second week after college turned for summer vacation or come opened, signing up posters (ten in a back at the end of four years with row make a startling array), explana- diplomas ready to be framed. South- tory talks in the halls, and endless ern Baptist women some years ago personal telling about it to individ- carne to the conclusion that one rea~on uals, won members for our groups. the college student did not take hold They meet for one hour every week. of church activities upon returning Weare now trying the experiment of home was that the church had not having all the groups meet together kept hold during the months or years every fourth week to discuss some big of absence. Accordingly the Woman '8 subject like "The Effect of Western Missionary Union appointed a young Industrialism on the East," or "The woman to be College Correspondent, Position of Women in the East and the serving a~ the connecting link be- West," or "What Have Missions Ac- tween college girl and home church complished," each group throwing interests. In the natural development light on the subject from its partic- of this tie, it came about that Young ular country. We have speakers for Woman's Auxiliary, the missionary t.hese meetings when we can get them organizat.ion for young women in and always have a question period. Southern Baptist churches, was trans- It is essential to call frequent lead- planted to the college campus, quali- ers' meetings, for many mistakes are fied in name by the term College made and the leaders are bound to get Y. W. A, and transformed in plans discovered that people are interested, and programs to fit campus life. In making each mistake teach us what practically every Baptist school and not to do, and our successes how to in many state institutions t.here are push ahead, we are learning. We have now College Y. W. A.'s, while every discovered that people are interest·ed state has her College Correspondent in proportion as they get at the facts to visit each college or academy at themselves, but it has to be made easy least once a year. A College Y. W. A.

for them to get at the facts. Keep an Bulletin is sent out bi-monthly from

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W. M. U. headquarters in Birrning- plans, a week each for stat'e, home and ham, Alabama, containing program foreign missions. College girls are enoutlines, method suggest,ions, ideas couraged to give a tithe of their allowfor socials and friendly frolics, bul- ance as good stewards and the study of letin board items of interest, all of Dr. Agar's "Stewardship of Life,"

which eager committees seize upon one of the required books on the Y. and put to good use. Programs for W. A. mission study certificate, has the term ]923-24 have included four kindled much real sense of honest series so that the Y. W. A. 's meeting stewardship. weekly are provided for. One series Southern Baptist. interests in colhI a study of great women of today, lege students are not limited to Young another discussions of religious be- Woman's Auxiliaries but organized liefs from the standpoint of the college Sunday-school classes and Unions are young woman; a third series includes fostered under the various auspices special occasions like Easter, Thanks- whirh have been lately headed up in giving, Mother's Day and suggests the Inter-Board Commission on Stupractical ways and means for taking dent Religious Activities. .As its name hold by leading young people's or- implies, this Commission is composed ganizations in the local churches upon of representat,ives from each of the return home. '1'he fourth series is Boards of the convention interested in mISSIOnary in nature, presenting the training of young people and the young womanhood of the different Woman's Missionary Union. This countries where we have mission work. Commission has held three splendid In so far as possible, College Y. W. conferences in this college year for A.'s observe the three special seasons students from our western, central and of prayer anticipated in W. M. U. sea·board states.

If AMERICA WERE CHINA- SOUTH CAR~UNA W~ijlD HAVE ON[ DOCT~R NORTH ~~ SOUTH CAROLINA ONE H~SPITAU BODIES WITHOUT CURE SOULS WITHOUT CHRIST A STUDENT POSTER EXHIBITED AT THE JNDIANAPOLIS CONVENTION

Woman's Foreign Mission

Editorial Committee: MRS. E. H. SILVERTHORN, ALICE M. KYI,E, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ STATUS OF WOMEN IN CHURCH were deaconesses like Phcebe; there By MRs. CHARLES K. Roys were women who like Chloe and Lydia Foreign Secretary. Board of Foreign Missions opened their homes for church servof the Presbyterian Churcb, U. B. A. ices.

As a background to any discussion There seems the clearest evidence of the present, position of woman in of spiritual equality between the wom- the Chur~h, it is illuminating to look en and men disciples in those early into the place she held in the early days. Women shared in the experi- Church. Women are mentioned in ence of Pentecost and in persecutions; the gospels twenty-six times. There they shared in service; they prophwere Jesus' relatives, His disciples' esied, prayed and taught and were relatives, His women disciples who active in t,heir roles as deaconesses. It joined His band in Galilee, came with would seem not easy to reconcile some Him to Jerusalem, watched His cruci- of the apostolic teachings with fixion, and were the first t,o greet Him Christ's attitude about the position of after He was risen. women. Although Paul said clearly , Christ's attitude toward woman has that "men and women are equal in a vital bearing on the position she Christ" and Peter said, "men and should hold in the modern Church. women are joint heirs of grace, " both Many of His parables seem to have apostles insist on an inferior position been especially intended for the wom- for women, due doubtless to the spirit en in His audiences. Some of His of the age and to the social usages of most wonderful teachings were ad- a pagan society which could not with dressed directly to women, as indi- impunity be outraged. Social condicated in His talk with the woman of tions may have been different in Pales- Samaria and with Martha at the tine. At any rate, Christ accepted resurrection of Lazarus. Miss Royden women freely and talked with them in has said that the story of the Prodigal public. never indicating at any point Son was preserved for us because a that He considered them inferior to woman heard it and collaborated with men.

Luke in writ,ing those last chapters of In the cal,lv Church one finds wom- his gospel. en active as "deacouesRes, ministering It is assuredly true that Christ ac- to the sick and forming the earliest order of women in connection wit,h cepted women as disciples and re- the Church in the Roman Empire. It vealed Himself to them, sending them, is difficult to overstate the influence forth as His messengers. It is impos- women exercised in the early Church sible to find evidence that Christ sug- (IS wives and mothers. The lives ot gested at any point the inferiority of St. Helena and Monica furnish ample woman or her inabilit>y to reveal Him illustrations of this. Women were truly to the world. among the martyrs in the early Church. Turning to the Acts and Epistles for light on the position of women in the Apostolic Church, we find women Running down through the Medieoften mentioned. There were the val Church, we .find abbesses takinl? women apostles whom Saul perse· the place in the monastic system of cuted; there were women who proph- deaconesses, some of those abbesses esied, as for example, the four daugh- even ruling over houses of men as well tel'S of the evangelist Philip; therp as women. They presided at impor- 382 tant Cburcb Synods, exercising the Baptist (North) ……………. 5 power of a Bishop. After the Ref- Nazarenes …………………. 350 ormation we find women in the Protes- Unitarian …………………. 14 tant Church in Europe raised to a The Universalist, the Christian Scihigb level of service. The earliest entist, the United Evangelical and Protestant. group, the Waldensians., Christian churches also have women allowed women to preach. The Society preachers, In the Methodist Church of Friends from the very beginning women may preach but may not adgave this position to women. The minister the sacraments, There is an early Methodist Church licensed a few International Association of Women Preachers with over one thousand women to preach as local supplies. ID the Colonial Church in America members. In conclusion, it would seem that women preachers had a trying time. women have had a place of service in the Church from the very beginning, The stories of the expelling of Anne but t.he opportunities for leadership HutchinsOin and; two !othep w~m.en Quaker preachers illustrate the diffi- have been somewhat limited when one compares the activities of other orculty of those days. The early Con- ganizations, such as federated womgregational Church in New England en's clubs, political organizations, had an order called "The Church patriotic, and fraternal associations. Widows" (later renamed "Deacon- The Christian Church owes much esses"). For membership in this to the Young Women's Christian As- Order It woman had to be at least sixty sociation, which in fort~ different years old, "rugged physically, full of countries, with work among all kinds tact, refined in nature." Lutherans and conditions of women, has given and the Protestant Episcopal Church most valuable training for leadership. also organized deaconesses. Several outstanding leaders of the younger generation in the Church to- Turning to the Church t.oday one day owe their first training to the finds, in addition to deaconesses, that Young Women's Christian Associawomen are filling important positions tion. as pastors' assistants and as religious education directors. They have long Turning to the Orient, one finds been leaders in the organized benevo- that, just as the Civil War gave Amerlences of the Church from the time ican women the great incentive to selfwhen II The Boston Female Society expression, so the World War has in for Missionary Purposes" was organ- Oriental countries stirred the women ized in 1800 and II The Female Cent Institute" in New Hampshire which to new activities. Japanese women was organized in 1804 on the principle are dealing courageously with vice and of one cent per week for missions. liquor questions. Four states in India Women have also had a place in have given the ballot to women. The the authoritative councils of the part of women in Korea in the revo- Church. Frances Willard was the first woman appointed as a delegate to lution is well known. In China, the Central Conference of the North- women are breaking away from the ern Methodist. Church. It is interest- three Confucian obediences enjoined ing to note, however, that she was re- on women and are wishing to play fused her seat because it was "uncon- their part in the world, doing their stitutional. " work with the men on the principle -"equal work for equal pay." The number of women preachers in A new dav has dawned for the various denominations is indicated by women of the" Orient.. 'Christian misthe following table: siom; are largely responsible for this Brethren ………………….. 10 day. The Church should give its best thought to directing and conserving Congregat.ional . . . . . . . . . . . 20 the potential powers of the woman- hood of the Orient. That this to Disciples ………………….. 2 Seventh Day Adventists ……… 1 Cumberl8Jld Preshyterian .,."". :l5

some extent is being accomplished is highly receptive and dynamic group evidenced by the facto that women are of men and women students-facing having a voice and influence in the courageously the campus problems as councils of the national churches. At they later would those of the larger the National Christian Conference in world. They saw with clearer vision Shanghai in 1922 women nationals a world in which t.he Christ way of spoke, sened on commissions, were life was free to express itself-the elected to the National Council of effect on questions of inter-racial im- China. Here again one finds that the port and the settlement of interna- Young Women's Christian Associa- tional difficulties. tion has been in the lead, electing in several cases nat,ional women to posi- Over in Vellore they have had a tions of directorship of the work as a "baby show." Perhaps fifty babies whole. would be brought, a municipal official thought. Dr. Scudder and her asso- Looking into the future, three ciates thought the number would be things seem evident: larger. Five hundred babies came with more than three times that many (1) The Church must give leader- admiring relatives. The prize baby ship and real power to younger wom- was the son of a Brahmin widow. You en if it is to hold them in the face of can imagine the lessons that were their other opportunities for leader- driven home that day. ship. Of course you see the connection (2) The Orient seems t,o be moving between the girl in the preparatory more rapid,ly in this direction than school, t.he student in college and the is the West.· The graduates of our educational value of a "baby show" mission colleges seem quite naturally in Vellore-or any other place where to be assuming the leadership in the your representatives and mine are at Church for which their training so work. well fits them. We shall be meeting this summer (3) 'Without question a place will in more than fifteen centers to discuss in the fut.ure be given to women on the prog;ram of the Christian enterthe highest councils of the Church. prise throughout the world. Our In- May this come about, not because of dianapolis! Will our potential leadany feminist outburst on the part of ers be there 1 Will the members of the women themselves, but because our women's boards realize the rewomen have a real contribution to markable opportunity it is to touch make. The task of the Christ-ian and know the constituency, that their Church today, as never before in its planning for it may be most intelhistory, calls for the very best think- ligently done? Will our interdenomi- "ing of men and women together. national relationships be emphasized? Will the program be intensive and Much· of the material on "The Status ot conclusive 1 Will there be abundant Women in the Church" has been suggested by opportunity for informal but stimula. the Syllabus prepared for summer conferences ting discussion of the great questions by Miss Clarissa Spenc-cr. of the Young Women's that Christianity is facing today f Christian Associatjon. Will there be time for meditation t,hat the message of the Christ may be "TO ~E ALIVE IN SUCH AN AGE!" heard' MARY PEACOCK INSTITUTE FOR A CHRISTIAN They discussed it recently at their annual ,et-together – a delightful BASIS OF WORLD RELATIONS, group 0 preparatory school girlswhat they meant by "such" an age, VASSAR COLLEGE. JUNE what it means ttO be "alive," what their contads with school and the 14 to 20, 1924 world would mean. A conference of women is being ar- Nearly seven thousand of them ranged by Vassar College to consider came away from Indianapolis – a

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

the problems which face America stewardship. After all expenses were today. Many are searching for the paid a balance of $700 was divided way towards peace. Diplomacy, state- between three interdenominational craft, international law, education, causes. all have their contribution to make in the solution of world problems. This This year's faculty was an espegroup, however, will face the present cially strong and attract·ive one. Mrs. int.ernational situation from the re- Bascom Copenhaver of Marion, Virligious approach and will endeavor to ginia, Chairman of English, Marion discover the especial responsibility of College, and author, taught, "The women, if any, in the great task of making world relations more Chris- Debt Eternal"; Mrs. E. C. Cronk of tian. Philadelphia, Pa., "Creative Forces in Japan"; Mrs. Margaret T. Russell, With the principles of brotherhood Mobile, Alabama, Bible Class. Mrs. and the worth of human personality Henry W. Peabody presented Law as a common bond, the members of Enforcement, the importance of this Institute will examine those issues and situations which not only are training boys and girls and The of vital concern to the future of re- World Federation of Christian Womligion in this and other countries, but en. Dr. Henry W. Meyers, who has which threaten all those forces which been a missionary in Kobe, Japan, for are endeavoring to establish better relationships' between people and na- 25 years under the Presbyterian tions. An effort will be made to get Church, South, gave an address. at the facts of each situation and to that end men and women will be pres- Five hundred and two registered ent to give authoritative information at the Deland School of Missions with as a contribution to the discussions. fifteen denominations represented. Particular attention will be given to Mrs. Charles Rowe Vickery of Sy.rathose situations which involve the euse, New York, taught "Creative missionary enterprise at home and Forres in Japan," and Mrs. S. P. abroad. The lectures, forums and Irwin of Charlottesville, Va., "The discussions will be planned to the end Child and America's Future." that the women present may see channels open, both through organized re- It is impossible to estimate the inligious bodies and secular agencies, to fluence of such schools with thousands work for a finer and better world. In of books, magaznes and leaflets put inthis way the unity of the missionary to circulation and delegates who reenterprise as one aspect of the whole turn to their work with information, endeavor towards international co- inspiration and an enthusiastic desire operation can be fully sensed. and determination for greater service.

TWO UNUSUAL WINTER CON- INTERDEN01!INATIONAL SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS FERENCES 19S4 St. Petersburg boasts this year of 1. California, Los Angeles …… Jnne 2-6 having the largest school in the United States; 33 states, 7 countries, 2. California, Mt. Hermon ….. July 5·12 and 31 denominations were repre- 3. Colorado, Boulder •……. June 18-26 sented, with a registration of 1,663. Their other achievement was the 4. Floridn, Deland …………. Feb. 3-8 largest offering for one cause ever taken in that city which was $4,155 5. Florida, St. Petersburg .. Jan. 27-Feb. 1 for the Nea.r East Relief, in response to a talk given by Mrs. R. S. Emrich 6. Illinois, Dixon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aug. 4-9 who was also giving a course on 7. Illinois·Missouri, Greenville.June 24-28 8. Indiana, Winona Lake .. _.. Jnne 16'·23 9. Louisiana, New Orleans …. Nov. 10-14 10. Massachusetts. Northfield … July 14.-22 11. Maryland, Mt. Lake Park. July 28-Aug. 4 12. Maryland, Baltimore … Oct. .2J8~e299-3130 13. Minnesotll, Minueapolis ….

14. Ne~ York, Chautauqua …. Aug. 17-23 lIi. OhIO, Bethesda …… 2d week in Aug.

16. Oklahoma, Oklahoma City … June 9-13 17. Penna., Chambersburg.. June 27-July 5 18. Texas, Dallas ……… Sept. 28·0ct. 3 19. Texas, Houston ……….._. Oct. 6-10 20. Texas, Kerrville . . . . . . . July 27·Aug. 1 21. Wisconsin, Lake Geneva …. June 23·30 EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVl<:., NEW YORK STUDENT WORK secretaries, and all such secretaries From the report of the Committee for 1923, were asked to present the work among ELINOR K. PURVES, (Jhad",man migrants whenever possible, and to The Committee on Student Work explain to student groups how they has two definitoe responsibilities: first, that of presenting the work among could help, and what was desired of farm and cannery migrants to c?lle.ge students, asking them to share m .ltS them. The cooperation of these ,secresupport; second, that of representmg home mission interests in the Feder- taries in this work has been very great ated St,udent Committee. Its members also serve as the women members of and t,hrough their efforts many colthe Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force. leges have become interested, and The aim of the committee was to many college students have offere~ find a way to reach college students with the story of the work among their services as workers at the mImigrant groups, and to solicit. student gifts. To this end, letters were sent grant stations. The work among to the Deans of interdenominational women's colleges throughout the migrants has ope.ned up !l new opP.or- United States, and to the Deans of Women at co-educat,ional colleges and tunity for serVIce durmg vacatIOn universities, asking them to take to the groups in the various colleges months and six times as many stuwhich would be most interested, the information about migrant work, and dents offered to do this work as could the request for its support. These letters brought in many and most en- possibly be .used. couraging replies. Letters also went to the Headmistresses of preparatory The number of student groups sendschools. In colleges from which no replies came, letters were sent to the ing contributions in 1923 consisted of Presidents, and the answers from Deans and Presidents showed a real seven colleges and one preparatory interest in the work, and a desire to cooperat,e, though many wrote that school, a small number indeed, but a college budgets were a;lready overcrowded, and there could be no prom- good beginning, an indication of the ise of a contribution. very genuine interest aroused. Some Literature on migrant work was sent to the President of each student colleges promised to put this wo~k on Young Women's Christian .Association with the request that t,hIS be put their budgets for the next year, and upon the college bulletin board, and the attention of the students be drawn many more wrote that they hoped to to it. be able to do something in the future.

The amount raised from students for the summer of 1923 was $221.17.

The work among migrants was pre- sented at the six student conferences of the Young Women's Christian As- sociation held during the summer mont.hs, this being done both through the denominational meetings at the acot nfmeroernecegs~nearnadl, whenever possible, meetings. Posters prepared by the Council and end?rsed by the Federated Student CommIttee, were used at t,hese conferences and were put in conspicuous places, caus- ing most favorable comment. The student secretaries report that all mi- grant literature was speedily and eagerly taken by the students, anq that much interest, was manifested.

Federated Student Committee Another avenue of approach was The Federated Student Committee through the denominat.ional student holds foul' meetings a year, taking up 386 at these meetings those matters which be successful must be planned far in are of common interest to the various advance, must be made only upon the groups represent<ed on the committee, request of t,he students, backed by the and bringing matters which are the Young Women's Christian Associa- special concern of the several groups tion and the local student pastors, to the attention of the other groups, and there must be a definite program all groups represented being those worked out before the team arrives.

which do some sort of religious work Team vi!>its have given to Church among women students. By its own Board student secretaries an entrance definition thel<'ederated Student Com- into some colleges hit,herto closed to mittee "is an informal group for con- denominational efforts, but now will- sultation and cooperation in religious ing to have such visits if the work of work among women students." The the whole Church and all branches of constituent bodies making up t,he Fed- the Church can be presented to the erated Student Committee are: students at one given time, and ]'ederation of Woman's Boards of through a united effort of the various denominat,ions represented on the Foreign Missions, Council of Women for Home Mis- campus.

sions, The Federated Student Committee Council of Church Boards of Edu- has been instrumental in working out cation, a closer cooperation between the Young Women's Christian Associa- Church Board representatives and the tions, . Young Women's Christian Association Student Volunteer Movement for at student summer conferences, and Foreign Missions, during. the past. year the representa- Student Fellowship for Christian tives of the Boards have been given a Life-Service. larger share than ever before in the The departments of these organiza- program and management of these tions having to do with work among conferences, at some serving on the women students are responsible for Executive Council of the conference, appointing their representatives on at others acting as leaders of Bible the Federated Student Committee. discussion groups in addition to their By this arrangement, the Committee regular t-ask of presenting the work of on Student. Work of the Council auto- the Church at home and abroad to the matically becomes responsible for rep- students of the various denominations. resenting the interests of the Council At each conference the group of on the Federated Student Committee, church representatives drew up Findand its members are the representa- ings on the program of the conference, and, especially on the place given to tives from the CounciL the Church in that program. These Visits bv teams of denominational Findings will form the basis for sugst,udent se~retaries to interdenomina- gest,ions as to future conferences. The tional colleges is one definite line of Federated Student Committee is inact.ivity of the Federated Committee terested in the presentation of the which has grown rapidly. During the work among migrant groups to college college year 1922-1923, > team visits students, and endorsed the plans for were made to twenty-four colleges, covering all parts of the country and pUblicity at student summer conferall varieties of interdenominational > ences. inst,itutions. Some of these visits were The year was marked by real advery successful, much depending upon vance in cooperat,ive work among stuthe preparation made for the visit by dents on the part of the agencies the college, and upon the cooperation engaged in religious work on the of local pastors, and the Young Wom- campus, and your Committee feels en's Christian Association. Experi- that a large part of this has been due ence has shown that team visits to to the efforts of the Federated Student

Committee which brings together in SCHOOLS OF MISSIONS fellowship the Mission Boards of the Affiliated with the Couneil of Women for Church, the Boards of Education, and Home MiBsions the three great student movements, all DATES AND CHAIRMEN FOR 1924 of which have their part to play in Bethesda, Ohio-Second week in AugtIst- Miss Mary 1. Scott, 310 Tomlinson Ave., the Christian life of the colleges. Moundsville, West Virginia.

RECRUITING HOME MISSIONS Boulder, Colorado-June 18·26-Mrs. Albert A. ltteil, 670 Marion Street, Denver, Colo. From the report of the Committee for 1923. Florence G. Tyler. Chairman. Dallas, Texas-Sept. 28·0ct. 3-Mrs. L. P. Smith, 3319 Drexel Drive, Dallas, Texas. There are at the present time a number of groups which are studying Dallas, Texas (Negro)-Sept. 28·0et. 3the personnel needs of the Home Mis- Mrs. C. R. Boswell, 1719 Allen St., Dallas, Texas.

sion fields, the various denominational De Land, Florida-Feb. 4-9-Mrs. John W. policies of recruiting and the possi- Smock, 320 N. Boulevard, De Land, Fla. bilities of standardization. Among these groups are the committee ap- Houston, Texa.s-Oct. 6·IO-Mrs. J. E. Tol· man, 3210 Chenevert St., Houston, Texas. Illinois·Mi.<:souri-June 24·28-Mrs. J. D.

pointed by the Consultative Commit- Bragg, 638 Oakwood Ave., Webster tee of interdenominational al!encies Groves, Mo. to study the problem of Recruiting for Lake Geneva, Wiscon.~in-June 23-30-Mrs. Christian Life-Service, the Federated C. W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Ohicago, Ill.

Student Committee, the Student Fel- Minnesota (Min1teapolis·S't. Pauly-June 9· lowship for Christian Life-Service, 14-Mrs. J. F. Marlatte, 419 Newton Ave., North, MinneapoliB, Minn. the Council. of Christian Associations, Mt. Hermon, California–July 5·12-Mrs. and the Committee on Standardiza- Paul Raymond, 90 Santa Monica Way, San Franeisco, Cal. tion of Home Missionary Service. The M01J!ntain Lake Park, Md.-July 28·Aug. 4 Committee on Recruiting the Home Mission Force, through its members, -Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff, Allendale, N. J. has kept in close touch with these New Orleans, Louisiana-Nov. 10·14-Mrs. D. Beach Carre, 44 Audubon Blvd., New groups and it is hoped that the con- Orleans, I.Ja.. clusions arrived at by all these groups' Northfield, East Nryrthfield, MassachusettS'- will be made available for all the de- July 7·14-Mrs. T. Raymond St. John, nominational committees and secre- 341 Webster Ave., Long Island City, N. Y.

taries who are struggling with the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma-June 9·13-MrB. Frank Hampton Fox, 1946 W. Park, Okla· problems of recruiting. The problems of recruiting on the college campus homa City, Okla. St. Petersburg, Florida,-.Tan. 27·Feb. 1, 1924 are of the deepest interest and must -Mrs. G. W. Cooper, 250 Fifth Ave., N., be worked out in the closest coopera- St. Petersburg, Fla. South6'1'n Ca-lifornia (Los Angeles)-June 2· tion. Your Committee believes in the fu- 6-Mrs. Q. J. Rowley, 181 S. Virgil St., Los Angeles, Cal. ture and the usefulness of the Student Wilson CoiCege, GhambersfJurg, Pennsylvania -June 27·July 5-Miss Mru-y C. Peacock, Fellowship for Christian Life-Service. The Chairman attended the meeting Torresdale, Pa. Winona LaJce, lnaia,na,-June 16·23-Mrs. C. of the Executive Committee of the Student Fellowship which was held at W. Peterson, 11132 S. Hoyne Ave., Chi· cago, Ill.

Lake Geneva in September and was Home Missions Institute deeply impressed by the earnestness of the group and the genuine ability DATE AND CHAIRMAN FOR 1924 with which they laid their plans for Chautauq'ua, New York-August 9-15-Mrs.

the year's work. John Ferguson, 156 Fifth Ave., New York.

N. Y.

IN THE SECRET OF HIS PRESENCE Would you like to know the sweetness of the secret of the Lord 1 Go and hide beneath His shadow; this shall then be your reward. ' And whene 'er you leave the silence of that happy meeting place, You must mind and bear the image of the Master in your face.

-Ellen Lakshmi Goreh.

FROM l1rANY

GENERAL also from Ceylon, India, Egypt and Money for Luxuries Syria. Speakers from all these coun- ASTRIKING contrast between life tries will participate in the program. in India and in the United States The general theme of the convenis drawn by The King's BusinflSs, which quotes figures that show first, tion is "Jesus Christ for the Healing that 40,000,000 of India's people of the Nations." Two full days will never know what it means to be satis- be devoted to a conference of officials, fied with food, and a large proportion including officers of the World's Sunof the families are maintained on an day School Association, national or income not exceeding five dollars per internat,ional Sunday-school associamonth, many large families existing tions and their auxiliaries, and deon a much smaller amount, and sec- nominational or inte.rdenominational ond, the expenditures of the Amer- missionary Sunday-school boards or councils.

ican people for luxuries in 1919. For How Native Christians Give cigars and cigarettes $1,310,000,000 REPLYING to the question some7 was spent, and $150,000,000 for cos- times asked by those not familiar metics and perfume. The outlay for automobiles amounted to $2,000,000,- with actual conditions on the mission 000, and $250,000,000 for phono- field, "Isn't it time the nat,ives gave graphs and pianos. (Statistics available elsewhere, based on the 1921 tax something themselves 1" the Amerreceipts, show larger figures for all ican Board of Commissioners for Forthese items.) The article concludes: eign Missions makes the following "It is decidedly against God'8 plan statement about the native Congregathat one nation squander billions in tional churches in the countries where luxuries, while millions of people a it is at wo;rk: "More than one third few thousand miles away, go to bed of India's people earn only one cent every night hungry for the lack of a a day. Grown men say, 'I wouldn't care if I could get one good meal in little of the coarsest food. He who two days.' A' good meal' means only notices the fall of the sparrows also a quantity of black, coarse bread, yet has a record of every misspent dollar. " the native Christians in our fields there gave $37,000 last year. Native Glasgow S. S. Oonvention Christians in China contributed $57,- 000, where labor averages twent'y-five DELEGATES from many parts of cents a day, Japanese Christians as- the world have registered for the sociated with us gave $180,000. The Ninth Convention of the World's Sun- members of the church in Kusaie, one day School Association which will of the Caroline Island group, sent the meet in Glasgow, Scotland, June 18th- Board $400 last August. Their mis- 26th. National Associations are co- sionaries, the Baldwin sisters, brought operating to secure the athendance of to their attention the acutoe need of Sunday-school leaders in thei;r respec- the Board, Poor, pitifully poor, tive countries. The quota of delegates though those natives are, of their own assigned to the United States and will they made the gift. Miss Eliza- Canada is 2.000. The Orient is show- beth Baldwin wrote,' Some of our dear ing great in'terest and many delegates girls said to me as they put t'heir expect t·o attend from the Philippine small offerings into my hand, "It is Islands, China, Korea and Japan; aU that I have." , "

389

Jewish Testimony in Jewish Work tianity report larger results than for- merly.-Christian Century. H ERMAN NEWMARK of London writes in The Scattered Nation Seventh-Day Adventists of the changed attitude of many Jews to Jesus. He says: "There are lead- THE sixtieth annual statistical reing .Jews, for instance, Claude Monte- port of the Seventh-Day Adventist flare in London, who are deliberately denomination shows that their work telling the Jewish nation that what is now conducted in 11~ countries, by they have heard from their infancy 8 division conferences, 55 union conconcerning Christ if! a lot of lies. ferences, comprising 143 local confer- This has placed a weapon in our hands ences, and 153 mission fields, operating particularly in the open-air work. among a population aggregating The Jews who live in London may not 1,479,117,476, and employing 14,389 come into the mission halls, but, thank evangelistic and institutional laborers, God, they do stand around in the open who are using in their work 194 lanair and give their attention! Only guages (publications being issued in ten years ago I was walking past the 114) . Connected with the movement open-air meetings and sneered, but are 224 instit.utions, representing, to- Jews today, like myself, are listening, gether with conference organizations and we have a wonderful opportunity and 1,834 church buildings, a total inof starting with Christ. We can say vestment (for 1921) of $34,196,049.15, to them now that the leading intel- and an aggregate annual income for lectual Jews" are on our side concern- both evangelistic and institutional ing the person of the Lord Jesus work of $28,620,315.93. Christ. They insist that he was the greatest prophet that ever lived. We NORTH AMERIOA start there, and then we carryon: 'If that is true, then a prophet brings Present .Day Mormonism God's message and does not tell lies; therefore Christ must be what he said UTAH Mormonism dedicated, on he was, and he is more than a August 26, 1923, its temple in prophet.' " Cardston, Alberta, Can., which has been under construction for several World Facts about .Jews years, and cost over $780,000. The description of the building in a Cana- THE American Jewish Yea.r Book, dian newspaper includes rooms simi- which was issued recently, gives lar to those in the Salt Lake City the Jewish population of the world temple, which are used for various as 15,500,000. Two thirds of the Jews secret ceremonies. One Mormon ;rite live in Europe, and almost a quarter is "baptism for the dead, the theory of them in North America. The great- being that some relative here must be est Jewish citv in the world is New 'baptized' in behalf of one who died York, with (643,112. Chicago has without being 'baptized' by a Mormon 225,000, Philadelphia 200,000 and 'elder' or the dead person can never Boston 77,500. In Europe, Jews are get to heaven." most numerous in Poland and Ukraine. Germany, France, Great Britain A writer in The Christian Statesand Turkey follow in numerical man says: order. Since the British occupation of Palestine, 27,000 Jews have gone "If you were to visit Mormon churches there. Great hopes of a Jewish state for a year, you would find that the chief under British control have been enter- fador in the Mormon address is a boast of tained, but these plan~ are meeting the superior quality of the Mormons themwith serious difficult.ies. In the Unit- selves. Pancy such a thing in an evaned States, organizations concerned gelical church-the pastor occupying four with the conversion of Jews to Chris- fifths of his time in telling his congregation what great fellows they are in the world I But what would disgust Christians is in- tensely satisfying to Mormons. Associated with the boast is the reprehension of the rest of the world because it misunderstands and persecutes Mormonism and Mormons."

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Especially effective wo.rk in im- the eight,een Lutheran groups of 2,- pressing upon young Mormons that 465,841 ; the nine Presbyterian de- t,here is some worth in the world out- nominations of 2,462,557; the two side Mormonism is being done, this bodies of Disciples of 1,621,203, and writer states, by Westminster College the two branches of the Protestant and the Utah Gospel Mission. Episcopal Church of 1,140,076. The Catholics in fellowship with the Club for Reformed "Crooks" Church of Rome a;re estimated to have NEW YORK newspapers in March 15,750,260 communicants. The great- reported the third annual dinner est. gain in membership was made in of "the Marshall Stillman movement the Baptist group. In some bodies, for reclaiming members of the under- notably the Methodist Episcopal, there world." Among those present were are now more additions to the memjudges, prosecutors, publishers and bership outside than within the industrial leaders, as well as former United States.

highwaymen, burgla;rs and pickpock- ets who had been brought. back to hon- The South a Mission Field est pursuits through the efforts of REV. RALEIGH WRIGHT, D.D., of the Southern Bapt,ist Conven- Alpheus Geer, president and origina.- tor of the movement. Plans were tsihoon~ assembles some striking facts to the work that lies before the announced for increasing the member- ship, now 800, to 1,000, and for esta?- home mission board of his church. He lishing a clubhouse. Mr. Gee.r saId says: "There are within the bounds that he and others in the movement, of the Southern Baptist Convention including all of the former criminals 17,573,455 non-church members above present, had approached members of ten years of age, as against 16,136,112 t·he underworld in pool parlors, soft members of all churches, including drink establishments, in coffee houses Catholics. Mult.iplied thousands of and on street corne;rs, and declared the church members are only nom- that in every instance where they had inally Christian. There are within asked a gangster if he "wanted to go the South more than 3,500,000 Ne- straight" the answer had been." Yes." groes ove;r ten years of age that a~e The pmblem was easily solved, he not affiliated with any church. ThIS amdodveed~enwthgenot he and others in the number is but a little short of the the man a job and en- entire Negro population of the South rolled him as a field member of the at the close of the Civil War. The movement, with a mission to bring his Negro population in two Southern former confederates into line. He States is larger than the white popusaid that the slogan of the movement lation. The foreign problem is bewas "men se;rving men." The move- coming more acute. More· and more ment announces no religious connec- the tide of immigration is turning tions, and Christians wonder where southward. The ends of the earth are without Christ it expects to find a eoming together in our coastal cities. sufficient motive either for reforma- The unevangelized Mexican in New tion or for service. Mexico and Southern Texas is a grow- Church Membership in U. S. A. ing social, political and religious men- ace. It does not require a prophet to ACCORDING t,o the annual statis- forecast the social conditions in the tics just made public by Dr. H. South, growing out of the increasing K. Carroll the growth in membership numbers of foreigners mingling of the churches of the United States among us, within the next twenty-five during 1923 was not large. The fif- years. There are more than 5,000 teen kinds of Methodists now claim a homeless Southern Baptist churches, total membership of 8,622,836; the some 14,000 one-room church build- fourteen Baptist bodies· of 8,237,021; ings, and thousands of other church

homes badly in need of repair."- citizens and officials in many states. Home and Foreign Fields. Several states have passed stringent anti-lynching laws. In some of these The Canadian Baptist Jubilee laws the family of the victim is given the right. to sue the county in which THE fiftieth anniversary of the the crime occurs. The widow of a Canadian Baptist Mission among Negro lynched in South Carolina obthe Telugus in India was celebrated in tained a verdict of $2,000 under such April and a thank-offering fund of a law. Officers of the law are becom- $50,000 is appealed for to st,rengthen ing more active in preventing lynchthe work. On March 12, 1874, Mr. ings as public opinion demands it. and Mrs. McLauren landed at Co- Much credit should be given to the canada and found a few Christians, educational campaigns carried on by three native wo.rkers and one small the Federal Council of Chu.rches, the schooL There are now eighty mis- Commission on Inter-Racial Cooperasionaries on the staff, 1,000 Indian tion, the Women's Council of the workers, a Union Theological Semi- Methodist. Episcopal Church, South, nary, two high schools, with 1,300 and other groups of Southern church students; two training schools, six women and other organizations." hospitals, numerous dispensaries, nine boarding schools and orphanages, four Negro Churches in Ne…. York hundred village schools, a Telugu Christian newspaper and seventeen NEGRO members of the Methodist thousand baptized Christ,jans. Episcopal Church in New York City are about to occupy two large The Canadian Baptists have also church edifices, one formerly the home been working in Bolivia for twenty- of a white congregation, and one to five years. be built in the center of the Negro dis- torict in Harlem. Calvary Church, Name "Ne…. Era" Dropped which, especially during the pastorate of Dr. Charles L. Goodell, was hardly A N executive session of the general large enough to hold its audiences, has council of the Presbyterian felt it wise to sell its building, seating Church in the U. S. A. has endorsed 1,800, to a Negro congregation, and the New Era Movement which that will move two 0;[' three miles north. denomination has been conducting for St. Mark's Church, which has one of several years past, but changed its the largest Negro congregations in the name t·o the Committee on Program denomination, is planning a new ediand Field Activities. Dr. William fice to cost over $200,000.-Christian Hiram Foulkes remains as the general Century. secretary, and the committee is recognized as a regular part of the work of An Oriental Survey the church. T HE Institute of Social and Reli- Public Opinion and Lynching gious Research is undertaking a survey of the Oriental question on the THE decreased number of lynchings Pacific Coast. In order to determine in the United States in 1923 was the most impo.rtant questions upon reported in the April REVIEW. The which the survey ought to throw light, g.radual improvement in conditions is the opinions of nearly 200 Coast leadattributed by The Congregationalist ers in various walks of life have been to "increasing publicity, to the arous- gathered as to what they consider the ing of Christian sentiment against Oriental issues to be, their own exlynching, and to such practical facts perience with Orientals, and tilleir as the great migration of Negroes proposals for meeting the difficulties. from the South, and the threat of the Among the distinctive and encourag- Dyer Ant,i-Lynching Bill. Though the ing features of the survey thus far are Dyer Bill did not pass, it aroused public attention and led to action by

l!l!!-! I NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the earnestness with which the busi- W. C. T. U.; and Dr. Howard H. est men and women have taken hold Russell, Westerville, founder and asof it and the development of a spirit. sociate general superintendent of the of open-mindedness and willingness Anti-Saloon League of America-Roy to abide by the facts whatever they A. Haynes, federal prohibition commay disclose. The Executive Com- missioner, and a number of both fedmittee is composed of leading business eral and state officials, as well as men, judges, professors, editors, cler- prominent business men. The nationgymen, irrespective of their previous al organization which is fighting proattit.udes, and an earnest effort has hibition held a conference in Washbeen made to secure the cooperation ington a few days later, the object of of those who have been bitter an- which was announced as being to tagonists. Such a combination and "face the facts." Its promoters, if spirit ought to bring results which honest, had a good many facta to face. will be far-reaching.

Grenfell Hospital Destroyed LATIN AMERICA Progress in Santo DOD1ingo W ORD has come that the Emily E VER ~ince there was o.rganized in Beaver Chamberlin Memorial 1921, at the instigation of the Hospital at North West. River, Lab- Committee on Cooperation in Latin rador, has been destroyed by fire. This America, the Board for Christian is the Grenfell winter hospital in con- Work in Santo Domingo, made up of nection with the station which in sum- representatives of the men's and mer is located at Indian Harbor. women's home mission boards of the Many evidences of friendliness on the M. E. Church, the Preshyt€rian part of the natives have shown how Church in the U. S. A., and, a little much the work of this hospi6al was later, the United Brethren, the REVIEW appreciated. All the patients were has reported from time to time the progress of this union enterprise. The saved with the exception of one-a significance of a united Protestant, cripple. Dr. Paddon and his family approach to a Roman Catholic counwere in New England at the time of try like Santo Domingo has been the fire but they, with the strident emphasized, and the response of the physician, the nurse and ot,her help- people, both to the hospital and dis- pensary under the direction of Ho.race ers, lost all their possessions. It is R. Taylor, M.D., and to the preaching hoped that this hospital may be rebuilt at a later date.

Anti-Saloon Leagne Bally and Sunday-school services at four principal centers, has been point€d THE Anti-Saloon League of Amer- out. The latest news is that a depu- ica held its twenty-first annual tation, consisting of Bishop F. J. Mc- convent.ion in Washington, D. C., Connell of the M. E. Church, Miss January 12 to 17,1924, the date hav- Edna R. Toss of the Presbyterian ing been chosen to "emphasize the Church U. S. A., Rev. Scott W. Her- fourth anniversary of the going into shey of the United Bret.hren, Dr.

effect of the Eighteenth Amendment." Samuel G. Inman, secretary of the Among the speakers who were an- Committee on Cooperation in Latin nounced to take part in the various America, and Prof. W. Carson Ryan sessions were Dr. Robert E. Speer, of Swarthmore College, a specialist in Bishop Thomas Nicholson, t.hree of education, recently visited the island the joint presidents of the World and on March 3d ;reported to a repre- Ijeague Against Alcoholism-Dr. Rob- sentative group of missionary admin- ert Hercod, Lausanne, Switzedand, istrators in New York Cit~. Their dire"tor of the International Temper- findings and conclusions were wholly anee Bureau; Miss Anna A. Gordon, favorable to this joint missionary en- president of the national and world's terprise. The people are eager for 5

the new message. Auditoriums now me on my trips. I also advertise in in use are inadequate because of the the newspapers, designating the occa- throngs crowding to religious serv- sion as a big conference, and using· a ices. Each year the membership of t.itle that will attract attention. In the new Christian churches has in- this way we have been able to get our c;reased more than one hundred per gospel message to thousands, whereas cent. Young men of marked ability we would not have a handful at a.

are offering themselves for the Chris- regular mission. I take with me t,ian ministry, and already six of them teams of native Spanish workers, who are reported as preparing for the have been of invaluable assistance in ministry in schools in Porto Rico. winning the confidence of the people and overcoming the prejudice against Mexicans Build Churches American Protestant missionaries."

B ISHOP Wilbur P. Thirkield, resi- dent Bishop of the M. E. Church Intolerance in Brazil in Mexico, reports the completion of T HE need of the purifying effect of a beautiful church building in Puebla, Protestantism on Brazil is indito replace one destJ:oyed by fire a year cated by the following facts supplied ago, the cost of which has been borne by C. V. Clark, a missionary of the almost entirely by the Mexicans them- M. E. Church, South, in that country. selves. In Mexico City also a new He says: "The President of the Rechurch has just been erected, the fifth public is a very strong Catholic and, unit of the Aztecas social center. He in spite of the fact that the Consti- tution says there shall be complete says: Nearly 700 people crowded the edifice at separation of Church and State, he the formal opening. What a contrast! Three says that the representatives of the years ago an msignificant mission m a shack Vatican shall be treated as royal surrounded by old Spanish walls; then the princes when they visit, Brazil. At projection of plans for the first mission social center in Mexico, to bring health and the memorial services for President hope and cleansing, physical and spiritual, Harding he refused to let the Scripto the homes and lives of the people. On tures be read or a prayer be made in faith the wGrk began and has gone on. Only Port.uguese. Congress has broken the $8,000 from the Board has been available for this building and yet today, almost free Constitution by granting an approof debt, stands this gruup of imposing priation to the Catholics to build an buildings crowned by a church of splendid image of Christ on one of the high Gothic design. peaks overlooking Rio de Janeiro. The New Methods in Colombia legislat,ure of this state has given DESCRIBING an extensive evan- them money to build a cathedral in gelistic campaign in Scmth Amer- the city of Sao Paulo."

ica, Rev. Harry L. Strachan said at Founder's Week Conference at Moody EUROPE Bible Institut<e: "Missionaries are Rotary Clubs and Missions W looked upon as part of what is called ORKERS in the London Mis- sionary Society, who are also 'the American Army of Occupation' in the Latin-American republics. Es- membe;rs of Rotary Clubs in Great pecially in Colombia the prejudice Britain, frequently secure an oppor- against Protestant missionaries makc8 tunity for an address on the country it next to impossible to get 'an audi- he represents—or the social and com- ence in any of the regular mission mercial aspects of the work he is do- meeting places or church halls. The ing-from a visiting missionary. There people will not come, so in this new are also laymen connectoed with the aggressive evangelization campaign we Society who have a first-hand knowl- have adopted circus methods. I hire edge of the mission field and who are _ a theatre-the biggest one in town, or ready to help as Rotarians. The use a monster tent which I carry with series of L. M. S. missionary Iunch-

NEWS FROM MANY

eons so successfully arranged by Rev. tional life. In the first year there S. J. Cowdy in the City of London were 24 and in the second year 42 provides an illustration of another st,udents. Some ·of the students were useful avenue of missionary propa- university undergraduates, others ganda which is at once social and clerks or elementary school teachers, educational. more than half were industrial work- ers, with a more or less advanced Church at Chateau Thierry education beforehand. This year 45 DURING the battle between the students were expected for a special American and German armies course from April 10 to July 28, 1924.

for the possession of Chateau Thierry, t,he old French church was destroyed. In Italian. Prisons R When after the armistice a general EV. ENRICO PONS, representa- tive for Italy of the British and plan of aid in rebuilding destroyed churches in the devastated regions Foreign Bible Society, has been hav- was developed by the Federal Coun- ing some unusual experiences in visit..

cil, the entire responsibility for pro- ing Italian prisons. He says; "At viding a new church and parsonage Leece I found about 300 prisoners, all for this parish was undertaken by the men, many of whom labor as carpen- Reformed Church in the United ters, marble-workers, and shoemakers.

States. 'The tot,al amount required One part of their earnings goes to the was $50,000, and the last payment of State and the remainder they keep.

$15,000 has now been made. The par- One of these men told me that, bit by sonage has already been completed bit, he had patiently gathered 8,DOO and the church will soon be ready for lire (nearly £100) against the day of services, The site of the new church his liberation. At Taranto, the great is on the main square of the city naval port, I found 350 prisoners, close to the City Hall. At Chateau and among them about 30 women, of Thierry there is a fine cooperat,ion all ages, and guilty of various crimes.

between the Reformed Church of At Potenza I found 250 prisoners and France and the Methodist Episcopal about 30 women, almost all of the Church, the former caring for the agricultural class. In these two pris- distinctive church work, while the lat- ons they do not work, because there ter, at the Methodist Memorial, main- are no buildings available. They read tains an admirably organized civic ve.ry little-for one reason, because and social center: they have no books. In none of the libraries is a Bible to be found, not NcllV College in Denntark even a Roman Catholic version. Some THE International College at Hel- of the prison officials possess our ver- singor, Denmark, was founded two sions of the New Testament and value years ago, with the object of bringing together for study and personal in- them. The officials opened to me all tercourse young men and women from the cells and apartments, and so I the principal countries of the world. could enbBr everywhere, bearing a The college follows the traditions of word of sympathy and comfort and the Danish folk high schools, of which hope. In each prison I gave a lecture there are some seventy in Denmark. to from 200 to 300 hearers, men and These broad-minded Christian schools women. All listened attentively and are unique examples of adult. educa- with interest, and received my words with applause."

tion and have a long experience and a widespread influence. Like them Buddhism in Germany G the International College is personal ERHART HAUPTMANN, a writer of international reputain method and ethical in aim-trying to apply the principles of Christian- tion, says that he sees in Germany ity to individual, social and interna- today' 'a great nationalreaetion from

the merely physical to the religious." driving large numbers into atheism. This reveals itself, however, in a tre- Protestant.ism has never gained a mendous increase of the prestige of foothold. Rome, and in a hungry turning toward Brahminism and Buddhism. Communist Idea of Love Karl Eugen Neumann has translated the collective wisdom of Gaut,ama A N Associated Press dispatch states Buddha, and Hauptmann asserts, "To that absolute free love is not the my mind the time will come when this idea of communists but mating only book will be considered of infinitely in the interests of the communit.y, more far-reaching consequences than according to Mme. Kollantay, Russian Martin Luther's Bible. Once the Soviet Minister to Norway, who has statue of the heathen god Svantewitt published a series of articles in the reared itself in t,he midst of Germany. German periodical, The New Genera- Now this has been replaced by the tion, explaining how the bou.rgeois gigantic picture of Buddha." The conception uf marriage does not harfirst Buddhist monastery is to be es- monize with communism. Mme. Koltablished not far from Hamburg in lantay says a new feeling in regard to the Lunenburg moor. Meanwhile this subject has sprung up alongside Paul Duessen has translated the Ve- t,he Communist conception of economdas from the Sanscrit, and as Bud- ics and that the old ideals of marriage dhism grew from Brahminism, Haupt- and morals must disappear with the mann predicts a glorious sweep for idea of private property. She urges the t,wo in Germany. that the basis of "the new mOJ'als" must be purely hygienic, and that the Protestant Work for Serbia chief end of the proletarian compan- ionship must be to eliminatoe all ego- T HE Serbian Mission, which has istic and individual instincts in favor recently been organized, with busi- of developing the community upon ness headqua.rters in Chicago and field cooperative lines. headquarters in Belgrade, is an interdenominational body with John W. AFRICA Troy as its Superintendent. He was born in Serbia, but is now an Amer- Isla.D1 in Egypt's Politics ican citizen and a graduate of Moody Bible Institute. The Serbian Govern- K ING FUAD of Egypt has sent ment, t,hrough the Minister of Social Seifullah Yousri Pasha as his Politics, has endmsed the prospective minister to "Vashington, accompanied work of The Serbian Mission and has by a staff of five. The new minister assured the cooperation of his depart- has had a great deal of experience in ment. The Government is particu- political affairs, having lived for many larly anxious to have the Mission pro- years in France and England. The vide orphanages for boys who will first secretary, Hassanein Bey, has enter at from three to six years of age. been for manv veal'S att.ached to the It is said that there are 155 orphan- government s~~ic('. in Cairo and is ages in Serbia, which care for about, well known in Egyptian and Euro- 8,900 children, and about 166,800 pean scientific fields as a'n explorer of orphans without home or care, whom note. A curious feature of all the the Government will gladly entrust to legations and other important diploany agency upon any terms. There matic missions of the new Egypt is are also 200,000 Russian refugees in the sending of a "chaplain" with the country who need help. The cacho Technically the duties of this population of Serbia consists of member are simply to lead the other Roman Catholics, Greek Catholics and members at their Friday prayers, for Mohammedans. The breakdown in Egypt is a Mohammedan state and general morale, following the war, is the diplomats must abide by the offi- cial rule that demands attendance at Friday prayers. Practirally, how-

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

ever, it is thought t,hat the" ehaplain" some one hundred different tribes, and (01' "imam") 18 the diplomatie rep- speaking almost as many different resentative of the .A.zhar University, languages and dialects. There are the conservative religious element who three Protestant societies working in insist on keeping their hands on the this Eastern Sudan. The Church Misaffairs of state to the most minute sionary Society has 11 stat,ions and detail. It is said that eveu the Egyp- sub-stations under the direCltion of tian consulate in New York is to have 28 missiGnaries. The Sudan United an "imam." The legations are ap- Mission has 4 stations with 12 mispointed by the King and are not af- sionaries. The American Mission fected by changes in the ministry. (United P,resbyterian) has 3 main As long as t,he constitution says the stations and 36 missionaries. Nasser King must be a Moslem, the Azhar and Doleib Hill are their two stations University will exert a powerful in- in the S011thern Sudan. From Kharfluence on all Egypt's relationships. t,um station in the Northern Sudan, they administer work in all the larger A War Fugitive's Work cities where Arabic is the language. In 1923 a boys' and a girls' school AN instance of the way in whieh were opened in Port Sudan by the good has come out of the evil of American Mission. This is the Sudan's war-time perils and hardships is given seaport, connected by rail with Kharby the Rev. E. W. Doulton, a mission- tum, and promises to be an important ary of the Church Missionary Society shipping center in independent in Tanganyika Territory. He writes: Egypt. A missionary writes: " At, the "At, one of our out-stations, Nyand- present time the.re seems to be a new wa, there is a promising little work opening to the Mohammedan people. " going on, the commencement of which is of interest. One of our teachers, Congo Medical Steamer to escape capture at the hands of the Germans, fled to this place, and when LATE in November the mission of in hiding, taught some of the people the Disciples launched the fiftyto read t.he New Testament, and was seven-foot stern-wheel steamship Illithe means of bringing to Christ two nois, which is to do medical work on Wagogo, who were baptized by me the waters of the Congo. The launchabout four years ago. These two men ing was marked by simple religious have since won several fo.r Christ, services, conducted largely by native five of whom have been baptized since pastors. Another similar vessel, the my return, and they now carry on a Missouri, is also being laid down school and have built a small church, which, when completed, will travel and are doing all they can to influ- through the hundreds of miles of en~e their fellow men. They are not small waterways of the Lotumbe field. paid agents, but are doing the work quite voluntarily. The father of one One African's Achievelllent of these men is very ,rich in cattle and is furious at his son's convcrsion. He T HE story is told by "Dan Crawhas said that he will disinherit him." ford" of Kamba, a full-blooded African of the Ndau tribe, who has Facts about the Sudan progressed from absolute illiteracy to a Columbia University degree. The THE population of the Eastern first printing that he ever saw was on Sudan (Anglo-Egyptian) has just a pack of playing cards that came about. doubled since the winning of from the coast, and by studying these the Battle of Omdurman by Lord he taught himself the figures from Kitehener. It is made up, chiefly, of one to ten. Later he went south to two groups: the Arabs in the north work, and an American missionary and the Negroids in the south. The t,here who taught native boys in spite latter are more purely African, of of the opposition of the Portuguese,

whose policy is to keep the people ig- A Belated Confes"ion norant, took him into his home as a house boy. There the idea of that ALAY evangelist.ic worker, named cultivated missiona;ry, and especially "Brother Shlemoon, " in the his wife, going to live in that fever- American Presbyterian Mission at stricken area for the sake of the black Hamadan, Persia, has been especially hoys, gave him a new vision. He successful in p;reaching to Moslems. knew they must have some secret that Recently in the large village of Bamade them different from all other har, an o1d man invited him home, white people he han ever seen. When and when there told him he was 100 the Anlel'ican missionary left for years old, and had for many years home, he told his boys of a mission in been a follower of Jesus, although Rhodesia, ann Kamba walked 250 none of the family knew it, as he was miles to reach there. His capacity nearing death and did not want to and ambition fOJ" more education led stir up trouble. He was well-to-do, his missionary to secure work for the with many fields and vineyards, and boy by which he earned enough to still able to attend to business. He go to Hampton Institute, Virginia. could read, and had a New Testa- Earning his living all the time, he ment.. Shlemoon asked him what he took a course in carpentry and then was to say when God asked him why went to Columbia, where he secured he had not won any in the family T the coveted B.S. in education. His Noting that he seemed especially fond whole ideal in seeking this education of one of his grandchildren, he begged has been to go back and develop his him to teach him who Christ was and own people, but not necessarily on train him to follow Him and so keep Western lines. the light. burning when the old man was gone. He replied that he believed NEAR EAST that was just what God had sent him there for, and when they parted asked Turks Close Stamboul Y. M. C. A. him to come again soon. He went again the week following, and was AN Associated P;ress dispatch from made very welcome and to his great Constantinople, dated March joy, the old man made a public con- 21st, stated that the Angora Ministry fession of his faith before the whole of the Interior had that day ordered family, and read to t.hem from John closed the Stamboul branch of the 14. When through one of the daugh- Y. M. C. A. and the entrances sealed. ters-in-Iaw said, "And here you have Admittance to the offices was refused been getting ready for those mansions American secretaries of the associa- and never told us anything about it. " tion. The High Commission of the His older son also reproached him United States has promised to inves- and said, "Why have you not shared tigate the action flS being one of sup- these blessings, and this light with pression and contrary to Foreign UR 1" Not one of them reproached Minister Ismet Pasha's declarations him for being a Christian. at Lausanne. A Constantinople dispatch received last October said that Mesopotamian Treaty the Angora Government. was considering the status of the Y. M. C. A. >in T HE t.reaty recently concluded be- Turkey, in the light of reports made tween Great B;ritain and 'Iraq by special investigators. The dispatch (Mesopotamia) contains the followadded that agitation against the or- ing provisions which are of signifiganization had been carried on fo;r a cance to missionary work: "This time in certain radical Turkish Organic Law shall ensure to all compapers.-N. Y. Times. plete freedom of conscience and the free exercise of all forms of worship, The "Y" has since been opened subject only to the maintenance of a'gain, according to the State Depart- public order and mo;rals. It shall ment at Washington.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

provide that no discrimination of any hiya Khan, after going from one kind shall be made bet,ween the in- famous mosque to another seeking habitants of 'Iraq on the gronnd of spiritual satisfaction, learned the race, religion or language, and shall truth from the C. M. S. missionary at secure that the right of each com- Peshawar, who gave him a New Tesmunity to maintain its own schools tament. Back in his mountain village, for the education of its own members some forty miles north of Kabul, this in its own language while conforming man had studied God's Word, and as to such educational requirements of a a result his father, his wife, and his general nature as the Government, of children had come to believe in Christ. 'Iraq may impose, shall not be denied His desire at this 6ime was to arrange or impaired…… No measure shall be to have his family go to Peshawar taken in 'Iraq to obstruct or interfere and be baptized. "It would take with missionary enterprise or dis- some little time," says the writer, criminate against any missionary on "for the application (to be permitted the ground of his religous belief or to pass all the posts on t.he line) to be' nationality, provided that such enter- granted, and so I told him to come, prise is not prejudicial to public order pending the official sanction of the and good government.. " request, to my qua,rters daily, so that we might read the Scriptures, together. Afghanistan Opening Up He did so and I found him to be a most. deeply instructed Christian, 'a DR. H. A. LlCHTWARDT, med- man of God thoroughly furnished,' ical missionary of the Presby- and evidently a most spirituallyterian Board in Meshed, Persia, minded man. Yet he had been living writes: "Afghanistan is opening up for sixteen years entirely cut off from and several 'foreigners' have entered all that we usually te.rm the 'ordithis formerly closed territory. The nances of religion,' his spiritual life Afghan ConSUl at Meshed holds out entirely sustained by the Word, and very favorable hopes for our mission in any case that would be his consoforce securing permission to enter, lation and light to the end." and as soon as a second doctor is available on the :field, an effort will be made INDIA to secure passports. Many of our operative cases come from Afghan- Gandhi's Advice to Christians istan, and they invariably ask, 'When are you coming to Herat to open up WHEN Gandhi was asked some a hospital ~ We have many sick peo- time ago what advice he would ple who are unable to take this long, give on making Christianity :fit in expensive trip to Meshed.' Previously with India's needs, so as to make it we would answer, 'As soon as your appear less a foreign religion, his country is opened up to foreigners.' reply, according to the Dnyanodaya, Now the doors are swinging open, and was: "Preach your religion without with a sufficient staff we can enter." diluting it, and never tone it down."

ASThe Bible in Afghanistan Where God's Love Is News fln encouraging proof that wher- eVe!' in Afghanistan the written MISS SAROJIVI MITTRA, an Word has obt.ained an entrance it has Indian Christian worker with brought light in the darkness, Major- the London Missionary Societ,y, writes General Sir George K. Scott-Moncrieff in the Chronicle,: "Our country is tells in the Record of the British and waking and advancing, wanting and Foreign Bible Society the story of a striving to choose a place for itself. man whom he knew in 1880, when he I think it is our work to awaken India himself was a junior officer in Kabul. by blending the gracious sound of the Sixteen years before, this man, Ya- Father's love with that sound of na- tional awakening." She goes on to show from her own experience how

the story of God's love is received by their respective districts, and should t,hose who hear it for the first time: leave no stone unturned to try to win She and some of her students, when over the new Christian converts to lost one day on their way to a certain I&lam; and for the future should so village, were guided by an old man organize themselves as to leave no to an open space, where there were loophole for the Christian missiontwo tiny thatched cottages and about ary." a dozen men and eight or ten women. "In simple Bengali," she says, "I Christians in Tibet tried to tell t,helll the story of the Prodigal Son and of God's wonderful F ROM the Indian as well as from love. We were amazed to see how the Chinese border, attempts to eagerly they listened, and some of enter Tibet are being made, and the them had tears streaming down their Nat,ional Missionary Society of India faces. The old man who had led us has recently been giving the subject there said, 'Ma, we have never before special consideration. To its organ, heard what you have been saying. We The NatiQna.l Mis'sionary InteLLidid not think God was our father; we are cOlllmon, low and poor, and people gencer, 'r. Nasib Ali writes: "The despise us. That God loves us is something quite new to us.' " best method of opening the way to Tibet is to send a man who is fluent Why Moslems Are Anxious in the Tibetan language and one who would start work as a trader, because T HE progress of Christianity in the lor nothing else does the Government Punjab is making some of the give permission to enter Tibet." He thoughtful Moslems in that section of continues: "Though Tibet is in a India anxious. One of them writes way closed to us, there are Christians in a Mohammedan magazine, Review there, and the country is not without of Religions: "The Christians, it will Christian witnesses; the Lord is be noted, now form a considerable working there in a marvelous way. I portion of the population of the Pun- am an eye-witness to it., have visited jab. Though evident.ly more. than 80 Lhasa, and every year tour in that per cent of their number come from country in connection with my busithe so-called low castes, i. e., Chuhras. ness. I will never forget how once in Chamars, etc., yet the abnormal rise the streets of Lhasa I came across a in their numbers in comparatively re- shop of a Buddhist merchant whose cent years should not be despised on wife sang Christian hymns to me to that account. It is, on the other hand, my great joy and wonder (she had admirable and speaks volumes in learned them in Kalimpong, near praise of the missionary activities of Darjeeling) . Again once I had an the Christian community. We have interview wit·h the Prime Minister of to face the stubborn fact that the Tibet who said to me, 'What beauti- Chnistians now number more than ful love is to be found in your Chris- 300,000 in our province according to tian religion.' Also once in the cit~ the census tables. This calls for the of Shigacha where dwells the Tashi serious and immediate attention of Lama, in a shop I saw hung on the the Moslems, particularly of the Ah- walls several pictures of Christ." madiyya community. Unless prompt and efficient measures are taken Chris- CHINA tianity will establish itself firmly in the land, and another community will A Chinese Studeut Program thereby be added to the number of our antagonists in the soil.. …. It is THE annual meeting of the Chinese high time that. Moslems should start a St.udents' Federation, as reported regular campaign against the activi- in the North China Herald, discussed ties of the Christian missionaries in many complex topics. The Peking branch alone placed on the program subjects sufficient to occupy attention for days on end, as follows:

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

(1) Opposition to any form of military The regular meetings twice weekly government or government formed by the have been well maintained. One offimilitia; (2) the formation of a national cer, a very ea.rnest lieutenant, pressed for baptism when civilian inquirers citizens' convention; (3) the framing of a permanent constitution by the national citi- zens' convention; (4) the formation of a were being baptized on July 8th, and real people's government; (5) the abolition was accepted. Then followed a rush of the tuchunate and the reduction of of applications from the commandant, troops; (6) the "independence'" of educa- several officers, pet,ty officers and men. tional and political finances; (7) the gold franc problem; (8) the return of Port Evening elasses were held for these Arthur, Dairen and Kuangchouwan; (9) for several days, and on July 30th cancellation of the twenty-one Demands, thirty-seven were baptized. It was failing which the latter will be placed before a happy, busy day. Their testimonies the League of Nations for judgment.

were good, their knowledge of gospel "Shanghai for Ohrist" truth averaging higher than that of T HE February number of The Chi- those we have received into the nese Recorder gives an account of Church during recent years. A forta series of evangelistic meetings, held night later our big city fair was held by the Shanghai Christian Council, a for three days. On their off day fif- Chinese, not missionary, organization, teen to twenty of those baptized asfrom November 6t,h to 8th, the Shang- sisted splendidly on the streets by preaching, giving testimony, and hai Autumn Derby days. The slogan bookselling. It was encouraging to for prayer, for ar.rangements, for Christ, " not' "Shanghai for the see them fearlessly at work."

Races. " Chinese Christians initiated and carried on the work. The move- Books for Bandits .

W ment was divided into four periods: HEN bandits in China held up a t.rain last summer and carried for prayer, for arrangements, for evangelism and for conservation. Dur- many travelers up into the mountains, ing the first period pastors, evangel- Miss Mary E. Wood, of Boone Li- ists, Bible women, school teachers and brary, a part of the American Epis- Sunday-school teachers conducted copal Mission in Wuchang, promptly prayer-meetings. A Sunday was set dispatched a box of books to the lead- aside when the responsibility of every er of the bandits, writing him that Christian was preached from every she knew he must be very lonely so pulpit in the city. A letter calling for far up in the mountains and she hoped united prayer and individual conse- he might find time toO read the books cration was sent to every Christian. sent to him. The books she sent in- The period for ar.rangements was un- cluded Bryce's "Training for Citi- der the care of ten commit.tees such zenship, " a life of Washington, a life as Intercession, Publicity, Finance, of Gladstone, "Silas Marner," "First Meeting Place, Music, etc. Aid to the Injured," and "Sir GaJa- had."

Baptisms among Soldiers SEVENTY-SIX officers and men A Destructive Typhoon have been baptized in the past year by H. Lyons, the C. I. M. worker REV. W. RICHARDSON. of the at Luanfu, Shansi Province, who China Inland Mission at 'Hwangwrites in China's Millions: "The yen, Chekiang Province, writes of a bright side of our work has been that severe typhoon, accompanied by a among the soldiers. There has been tidal wave, which swept away people a steady sale of Bibles, New Testa- and homes by hundreds, so that there ments, hymn books, Scripture post-ers, was not. left a bit of evidence as to and later also of Bible study helps, what had become of them. "They among both offieers and men, not a were simply overwhelmed in the night few of whom are fairly well educated. and borne away. Not a single house in Hwangyen city escaped damage.

The city church was compietely lev- eighteen of the former members of eled to the ground, only the pulpit the church and congregation present. and part of the piers of the founda- Rev. Roy H. Fisher presided, stating tion remained. The school has been that the purpose of the meeting was unroofed and the east gable has fallen to elect new officers, to take up matin. Not a single place of worship in ters concerning the church property, the t,wenty-odd outstations has es- and to decide on plans for future caped damage. At present in the city work. 'l'he trustees were asked to take we are without any proper place of steps toward having the church propworship, and we have to conduct the erty at No. 49, Bluff, re-registered, regular services on Sunday as well as and the proper transfer made to the during the week in the school, which new property – holding committee. is undergoing repair." A recent con- Plans for the beginning of services vert at Odongkong, a widow over were left in the hands of a special sixty years of age, whose life was committee, which decided that from saved in a remarkable way during the the first Sunday in March, services typhoon, is now so grateful to God should be held on Sunday afternoons t,bat she is determined to try to study in the Y. M. C. A. club rooms, on the the Bible and says she is going to tell second floor of the building, which is the people how the God and Saviour of concrete and has been repaired. of the Bible anwered a poor lonely widow's prayer. Fight Licensed Vice in Korea Bible in Chinese Schools CHRISTIANS of various denomina- tions and races are working to- PETER SHIH,. a Chinese member gether against the social evil in of the Department of Education in Korea. At the last meeting of the Soochow University, writes to the Federal Council committees were ap- Board of Foreign Missions of the pointed, in response to an appeal M. E. Church, South: from the Australian Presbytoerian Mission, to move in the matter of es- "I want to call your attention to the sig- tablishing a Rescue Home for prostinificance of these Bible classes at the gov- tutes and to work generally against ernment institution of teacher training. the evil of licensed houses of ill fame. Years ago we were not allowed to go in These committees have been actively there to conduct any sort of meeting. A at work. The Salvation Army has few years ago, they let us go in, but not to signified its willingness (under certalk on religion of Christ. His name was tain condit,ions and subject to apnot supposed to be mentioned. There was proval from home) to be responsible not even one Christian in that school. But for the running of such a home, cothis year, for the first time, they open wide operating missions to provide a buildtheir gates and welcome us into their midst ing and yen 15 per month per inmate. to conduct voluntary Bible classes for their It is estimated that yen 5,000 will be students in their own classrooms. Christian sufficient to build the whole, or at songs are being sung in their auditorium, least so much of the building as shall where only last year only the worship of be necessary, for the initiation of such Confucius was tolerated. There are a few a work. The site can probably be Christians among them now. Only two made available by the Salvation weeks ago, I heard that one of the students Army. The Southern Methodist Miswanted to join our church at Konghong. I sion has voted yen 1,000 toward the am takiug 'Jesus the Master Teacher' as my building and a sum of money has also textoook. All the boys in my class, number_ been contributed for this general puring about fifteen, seem to enjoy the Bible pose by the Australian Mission. Other immensely_ The Lord is great. His name cooperating missions are being asked be praised." to rontribute the balance. The gen- eral problem of the abolition of li- JAPAN-CHOSEN censed vice and the establishment of Yokohama Union Church T HE first meeting of the Yokohama Union Church since the September earthquake was held in the Y. M. C. A., Yokohama, February 19th, with

1924J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

a better state of social morality in this that is the business of the Governcountry, is being earnestly consid- ment-General, as they must make it ered. The .Japanese committee repre- clear to the Educational Department sents all the Christian churches in in Japan that. a school they 'desig- Seoul. It. plans to promote public nate' as equal to the government sentiment among the Japanese and schools, must be recognized there also already the authorities are being ap- as entitled to the same treatment acproached with a view to stimulating corded to the government schools. them against this evil. The Korean That will come in time. The alumni committee is a strong and representa- are naturally greatoly delighted. We tive one. With its members bot,h men had a 'congratulatory meeting' yesand women are cooperating, while terday afternoon, at which some churches and various societies are twenty of them were present, and they showing their interest in a way that started a fund to help in meeting the augurs well for the future.-Korea Government's requirements about Mission Field. apparat.us. "

School Officially Recognized Tokyo Puhlic Schools T HE John D. Wells School for THE primary schools in Tokyo are Training Christian Workers, car- now open to Christian teaching ried on by American Presbyterians at once a week. This remarkable state of Seoul, Chosen, has been designated affairs, so full of significance for the by the Chosen· Government as a pri- future of Japan, was brought about vate school whose graduates equal in by Japanese initiative. The Mayor of scholarly attainment those of a middle Tokyo recently called into consultaschool or of a higher common school. tion the Rev. S. Imamura, General "This means," writes Rev. E. Wade Secretary of the National Sunday Koons, the Principal, "that our grad- School ~~ssociation of Japan, and uates have the same right to take en- asked him to suggest the best method trance examinations, and if t.hey for the spiritual and moral education succeed in them, to enter as regular of the young citizens of Tokyo. Mr. students, the various special schools, Imamura accordingly presented a (Senmon Gakko) in Chosen, whether plan of sending speakers to the difprivate like Severance and the Chosen ferent schools once a week and agreed Christian College, or government, like to secure the speakers. This the Mayor the' Colleges' of Law, Medicine, Busi- at once accepted, and a program for ness, and Engineering, that the grad- the next few months was made out. uates of a conforming school like This is a wonderful door of oppor- Paichai, or of a Government Higher tunity as well as a great responsibility Common School for Koreans, or of a for the Sunday-school workers in Government Middle School for Japa- Japan. After March, the National nese, have. And today I asked a rep- Sunday School Association was to be resentative of the Educational De- solely responsible for the speakers partment if this extended also to and the money to provide the same. entering the Preparatory Department Mr. Imamura reports that $2,500 may of tlie Government University here, he needed per year to carryon this and was told that. it did. All that work and that a group of lay Chrisremains is to have this privilege ex- tians are already organizing to get tended to us in Japan proper, and behind the proposition.

MIlSSJ[ONARY

Race Problems in the New Africa. W. C. said: "I must be about my Father's business. ' , Willoughby. 294 pp. 158. Oxford Uni- But, "big business" though the versity Press. London. 1923. missionary enterprise undoubtedly is, Dr. Pat,ton carefully differentiates This is an admirable book, full of his purpose from any suggestion that accurate knowledge, good sense, sound the Church's worldwide emprise dejudgment and true spirit. It deals pends for justification on the ground with the race problem in the New that it promotes commerce. That is Africa with a sure hand. Dr. Wil- all very well in a Babs'on Report, but loughby was for many years a mis- it has no place in any church publisionary in Africa where he was principal of the London Missionary cation. This book is, instead, a clarion Society's Native Institution at Tiger call to the higher levels of a purely Kloof, South Africa, and is now Pro- altruistic loyalty to the Lord who fessor of Missions in Africa in the gave His life a ransom for the sins of Kennedy School of Missions at Hart- the whole world. And yet it is all ford_ We do not. know of any other book which.presents so adequately and intensely practical; it is "business." so wisely the facts about the life and It is a moving picture indeed which character and institutions and problems of the Bantu people and their passes in swift succession before the relation to the white races and to the reader of these pages sweeping the spread of their civilizat.ion in Africa. world in ~tatesmallllike perspective. The chapter on "The Color Bar" is Taking China as a cross-section of tlhe the best treatment which we have seen world, it focuses attention upon this of the tragic questions which are in- biggest segment of a world encircling separable from modern inter-race advance of Christ's army with banrelationships. The concluding chapter ners in such wise as to confirm hope sums up Dr. Willoughby's ripened of the ultimate victory "unto the utjudgments on the contact of mission- termost." For, while t,he population of China is shown to be over rather ary work among the Bantu Ileople than under four hundred millions, and the Christians among so many who make up the greatl body of the are as yet only one to a thousand, the rate of their increase-and this is population in Southern and Central Africa. s.

The Business of Missions. Cornelius H. admittedly the decisive factor-is Patton. 8vo. 288 pp. $2.00. The Mac- such as to give promise that. "one shall millan Company. 1924. chase a thousand" ere long and two Dr. Patton takes his title for this ~han win ten thousand.

book from the same conception as that For, is it not immensely heartening voiced by William Carey when he to find, that whereas Morrison single said, "My business is to serve the handed besieged the gates of Canton IJord, and I cobble shoes to pay ex- for seven years before he won his first penses." Carey also put into prac- convert in 1814, and 32 years passed tice t,his dominant idea in his mission before that number increased to 6, to India, where he for years supported when in 1842 the Treaty of Tientsin his missionary operations by raising was signed, by 1914 the number of indigo as a by-product. Both men Christians reached 235,303, and in learned their lesson from the Great 1920, 366,524, multiplying fourfold Teacher who, at the age of twelve in the last two decades. The penetra- 404 tion of this colossal field by some six discussion of missionary education as thousand missionaries with manifold such in the volume. activities is an inspiring story, which Dr. Patton has told in a masterly way This book ought to be read by everythat will richly reward the reading of one who is responsible for curriculum the business man and of all who building in the Sunday-school or any "mean business" for Christ. other agency of religious education and it would be a splendid thing if D. MeC. it could be read by all parents and Sunday-school teachers. J. B. K. The Teaching Work of the Church. By the Committee on the War and The Religious Neue Christoterpe 1924. Forty·fifth volume. Outlook. 309 pp. $2. Association Press. Edited fly Adolf Bartels and Julius New York. 1923. Koegel. Published by C. Ed. Mueller (Paul Seiler), Halle (Saale). Probably no other book in this field has done just the piece of work which This popular year book is widely has been admirably presented in this read in religious circles in Germany. brief but comprehensive volume. The It eontains essays, stories and poems book is a symposium, so skillfully de- of exceptional merit, written in the vised, and so carefully art,iculated spirit of evangelical faith and service. that one would scarcely realize the It is a piece of Christian literature different authorship of the several in the German language which exerchapters. Professor L. A. Weigle, Dr. ciHes a widespread influence for good. B. S. Winchester, Professor William In the 1924 edition t,he missionary Adams Brown, Rev. Samuel McCrea note is lacking and the treatment of Cavert, Rev. Erwin L. Shaver and the subject of war as related to our Dr. Robert L. Kelly are among the Christian faith is unsatisfactory exauthors, all of them men of wide ex- cept from a German point of view. perience and sound judgment in dealing with the educational task of the G. D. Church. The distinct,ive feature of their effort lies in the approach to the The Life of the Ancient East. James subject which is conceived in the Baikie. Illustrated. Bvo. 463 pp. $4. terms of youth's need and the The Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. Church's task rather than the agencies of religious education. This There is a fascination about the brings freshness and vitality to the study of life and beliefs of the ancient subject. which makes the book good peoples who laid foundations for modreading from cover to cover, to say ern thought and progress. As we nothing of the practical value that study the tabletfl, monuments and there is in the discussion approached temples which record the history of from this angle. thousands of years ago, we wonder at the learning and civilization of those There are allusions to missionary days and have a more humble estieducation as a part of the educational mate of modern achievements. We processes of the Church as the differ- learn, too, tohat the Bible is not a ent age groups of young people ·are book of folklore and fable, but is a dealt with, and an evident, underlying reliable record of history and a higher, conception of the missionary task of truer revelation of God than any of the Church as fundamental, not only the non-Jewish ancients possessed. to its work, but to its very existence. More migl:Jt have been made, however, Mr. Baikie has given us here a of missionary education as such in popular summary of the archteological dealing with some phases of the sub- finds relating to the religions, laws, ject. There is It very good critique customs and history of the peoples of of missionary educat,ion as commonly Egypt, Babyloni.a, Assyria, Troy, conducted on pages 155-159. It is Palestine, Greece and other lands of very brief, however, and is the only the Near East. Many familiar Bibli- cal names find a place in t,his volume -Israel, Isaiah, Belshazzar, Boaz, Cyrus, Daniel, Goliath, the Hivites, Hittites and other Palestinian tribes, previous to the World War largely Jonah, Joshua, Nebuchadnezzar, St. accounts for the 268,112 foreign-born Paul, Pekah, Titus and many cities. Magyars now in America. The census The volume throws much light on bulletin of a year ago places the the ancients and some on our modern number of Magyars born in this country of foreign parentage at 205,- inheritance. 426, so that the total Magyar popu- America and the World Liquor Problem. lation of America is 473,538. By Ernest H:urst Cherrington. 8vo. 182 "The Valley of Decision" came in pp. American Issue Press. Westerville, Ohio. connection with the World War. The In a clear, logical fashion, Dr. Magyars remained loyal to American Cherrington argues for world-prohibi- life and principles even though at times under suspicion. Conditions tion, pointing out the difficulty of arising out of the war also meant the maintaining the law in the United choosing of denominational allegiance States unless prohibition becomes to American groups. Previous to the world-wide. He gives a brief resume war a number of the churches had diof the prohibition movement, showing rect connection with the Reformed the importance of its economic phases, churches of Hungary. The results of which have only recently been ade- the decision have meant alignments as quately considered. He calls attention follows: 19 congregations, 6,500 comto the fact that America has a great municants, and 25,600 adherents to opportunity today to make the world the Reformed Church in the United dry, but insists that this country must States; 6 congregations and 1,141 act quickly, before the liquor inter- communicants to the Protestant Epis-. ests become too strongly entrenched copal Church. A few churches have through a world-wide organization, become independent congregations with possible Presbyterian connecand he shows how the liquor forces tions now or later. are rapidly strengthening their posi- Dr. Souders admirably reviews the tion for a tinal attack on the prohibitionists. Those interested in law problems of a foreign language enforcement, in statistics on various church in America so far as this phases of the liquor problem, and in group is concerned and analyzes the the general tendencies among both important elements of effective reli- gious training and church life. Ap. "wets" and "drvs" will find this pendices include a statement on book exceedingly u.seful, particularly "Americanization as the Foreigner Thinks of It," a list of Magyar pubif they are making speeches or writing papers on this timely subject. c. s.

The Magyars in America. Volnme Six in lications in the United States, and a the Raeial Studies of the New American. helpful bibliography.

By Rev. D. A. Souders, D.D., Superin· Facing the Crisis. By Sherwood Eddy. 8vo. tendent of Immigration of the Reformed 241 pp. SO cents, paper. The Associa- Church in the United States. 8vo. 150 tion Press. New York. 1922. pp. $1.00. Geo. R. Doran Co. New York. 1922. Present-day social and religious Coming from a long line of Re- problems are perplexing to the wisest formed Church ancestry and deeply and most experienced. Dr Eddy gives interested for many years in the re- us a thoughtful and devout, if not al- ligious welfare of aliens, the author ways conclusive, study of some of is particularly able to give to this these problems. He begins with God, racial group a very sympathetic study. Christ, evil, immortality, miracles, the He first makes a succinct general Bible, evolution, prayer, etc., and con- statement of Magyar history and por- cludes with studies of the race ques- trays the political, economic, social, tion, war, industrial unrest, the soeial and religious conditions of an Old gospel, etc. Dr. Eddy accepts the World backgrou!ld. Immigration main conclusions of modern science so far as they do not interfere with death, considers sin as the" failure to faith in the Deity of Christ and he hit the mark" of perfection and rec- endeavors to apply Jesus' teaching ommends Christ as a Helper and In- to the solution of modern problems spirer rather than as a Divine Sav- even where this upsets existing con- iour. The book has a certain prac- ditions. tical value for those who know where Are Foreign Missions Worth While ~ Edited to find their true knowledge and in- by Basil Mathews. Pamphlet. 6d. Lon- spiration.

don Missionary Satiety. 1922. The Idea of God. By Professor Clarence A.

Testimonies from those who are not Beckwith. 8vo. 343 pp. $2.50. The missionaries, but who know their work Macmillan Co. New York. 1923. from first hand knowledge, and who God is the greatest fact in the unibelieve in it, make up the contents of verse and yet how many have acthis interesting little pamphlet. cepted the idea in general but can Among those quoted are King George give no conclusive reason for the V, Lloyd George, Theodore Roosevelt . faith that is in them. Prof. Beckwith, and thirty others from Europe, of Chicago Theological Seminary America, China, Japan, India and (Congregational), here attempts- with good success-to present the elsewhere. reasonable, logical conception of God Islemen of Bride. By M. E. M. Don:iJ.dson. in harmony with modern discoveries 8vo. 165 pp. 88, 6d net. Alexander and ideals. He does not follow the G-ardner. Paisley, Scotland. 1922. Bible wholly as a revelation from God but accepts many Biblical teach- The quaint life on the Hebrides ings as the source of our conceptions Islands is described here in all its sim- of God. He seeks to sift the many plicity and picturesqueness. There views of the Almighty and to reach are legends and primitive customs, a conclusion in harmony with modern simple Catholic, worship of the pre- philosophy and experience. He also reformation type and some excellent studies modern conceptions of God, character studies. The book is of theistic arguments, His relation to especial interest to 10veTS of Scotland.

Matter and Spirit. A Study of Mind and evil, His personality and immanence. Body in their Relation to the Spiritual These studies are very clear and valu- Life. By James B. Pratt. 12mo. 232 able to discerning students and will pp. $1.50. The Macmillan Co. New strengthen faith in the" Living God. ' , York. 1923. Prof. Beckwith's conception of the deity of Christ is not so clear as might These philosophical lectures by the be desired but he declares that "His professor of philosophy in Williams essence is eternaL" College are metaphysical rather than popular. They are opposed to athe- ism and to materialism. Prof. Pratt The Junior Citizen. B:r J oycs Constance Manuel, assisted by Charlotte R. Headley. believes in dualism and in the super- Illustrated, Patterns. 8vo. 164 pp. $1.60. natural but his belief seems to be The Pilgrim Press. Boston. 1923. based on philosophy and not on revelation from God. For workers with boys and girls of 9 to 11 years of age ,this series of les- The Faith that Overcomes the World. By sons in World Helpfulness is of very Van Rensselaer Gibson. 12mo. 110 pp. practical value. It may be used in $1.00. The Macmillan Co. New York. Daily Vacation Bible Schools, Week- 1923. day Religious Instruction, etc. The In a devotional, contemplative course is supplementary to that ususpirit, the author of these studies in ally given in Church schools and the the way of higher knowledge, gives a twenty-five lessons relate to our homes, philosophical remedy for fear, igno- our country, our community and rance, failure, sin, sickness and death. other lands. They include stories He denies the reality of spiritual (Biblical and secular), conversations,

investigations, memory work, drama- lIodern Christian Callings. By various tizations, play and poster work, hand- writers. Macmillan Co. 75 cents. 1922. work, songs, etc. Parents and teach- ers will find here many valuable sug- This little book treats of "Biblical gestions and programs. Teaching in School and College"; " Executives for Christian Enter- The Lutherall World Almanac and Annual prises;" and "Social Service," in Encyclopedia. Bvo. 293 pp. National papers contributed by Irving F. Lntheran Council, 437 Fifth Avenue, New Wood, professor of Biblical Literature York. 1923. in Smith College; Dwight H. Day, secretary of the Board of Missions of The 1,500,000 members of Lutheran the Presbyterian Church; and Dr. churches in America who cooperate in ;William Bailey, professor of Practhe Lutheran National Council, will tical Philanthropy at Yale. The welcome this year book with its wealth writers show the personal and eduof information about the Church year, cational requirements necessary for the various synods and societies, the each line of activity. Our young peoministry, benevolent, missionary and pre. need such information to enable church statistics, educational insti- them to decide on a life work. A tutions and missionary work at home' pastor might well keep a book of this and abroad. kind to loan to forward-looking mem- bers .of his congregation. Cave Boys. By H. M. Burr. IUus. Svo. 200 pp. $1.50. Association Press. New A New Woman's lIagazine. York. 19€3. Women and Missions, the first num- The "Stone Age" furnishes many ber of t,he combined Presbyterian opportunities for the play of the im- periodicals, Woman's Work and Home agination-unhampered by historic Mission Monthly, appears in very atfacts. Gigantic animals abounded and tractive form for April, 1924. It is primitive conditions prevailed, but published under the joint auspices of how much men knew or what they did the Woman's Committees of the is not recorded. Mr. Burr tells the Boards oj' Foreign Missions and Nastories of his heroes-Hu, the He'aler tional Missions of the Presbyterian (a hunchback boy); Rune, the Ques- Church in the U. S. A. tioner; Pinx, Maker of Pictures, and four others who represent stages in The Editor is Miss Lucia P. Towne, the supposed evolution of man. The 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City. stories are interesting but their chief The first number is a magazine of lessons are found in the account of forl,y pages, well illustrated and with man's effort to overcome obstacles to a very interesting variety of topics, progress. ably presented. Among the articles are the following: "Has Migration Nor ScrIpt. Amy Wilson Carmichael. 12mo. Helped the Colored Race?"; "Lep- 124 pp. Is, 6d. Society for the Propa· rosy in Africa" and "The Three R's gation of Christian Knowledge. Madras, for Missionary Babies." India; 1921. Every Presbyterian woman and For private circulation among many others will be interested to read friends of the work, Miss Carmichael this magazine. The price is $1.00 a tells the wonderful story of how God year. has fulfilled His promises and has supplied all their needs in the mission The Missio71ary Survey, the official at Dohnavur. The story is charm- organ of the Presbyterian Church ingly told and cannot fail to impress (Sout,h) has now taken the name" The one with the spiritual message. Hu- Presbyterian Survey." It is an exman interest coupled with the evi- cellent magazine of 64 pages, pubdence of divine working captivate the lished in Richmond, Virginia. Price mind and heart. $1.00 a year.

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York. 1923. New York. 1924.

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hill. 264 pp. $2.85. Oxford University 131 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Co.

Press. New York. 1923. New York. 1923.

A Vision of ChriStian and Buddhist Fellow- Erromanga, the Martyr Isle. H. A. Robert· ship in the Search for Light and Reality. son. 467 pp. $1.50. George H. Doran Dwight Goddard. 16 pp. Los GatOS', Co. New York. 1923. California. 1924. The Ethical Teaching of Jesus. Ernest F. The World's Living Religions. Robert E. Scott. ]29 pp. $1.50. Macmillian Co. Hume. 298 pp. $1.75. Charles Scribner's New York. 1924. Sons. New York. 1924. The Family Worship. Wilbur B. Stover. Tides of India-a Fageant Play. Helen L. 134 pp. 75 cents. College Press. Mt. Willcox. 64 pp. 50c. Abingdon Press. Morris, Ill. 1924. New York. God's Word to Women. Katharine C. Bush- Frank Dennison Phinney. D. C. Gilmore. nell. 127 Sunnyside Avenue, Oakland, 71 pp. American Baptist Mission Press. California. 1923. Rangoon, Burma. 1924. Hispanic-Amerioan Relations with the The Life of the Ancient East. James United States. Wm. S. Robertson. 470 Baikie. 148 pp'. $4.00. Macmillan Co. pp. Oxford University Press. New York. New York. 1923. 1923.

Geschichte der Evangelischen Mission in India Through New Eyes. David Walters.

Afrika. D. Julius Richter. 813 pp. C. 64 pp. 6d. Livingstone Press. London.

Bertelsman. Giitersloh, Germany. 1922. 1923.

The Ideals of Asceticism. O. Hardman. Indische Missionsgeschichte. Julius Rich· 221 pp. $2.00. Macmillan Co. New ter. 557 pp. C. Bertelsmann. Giitersloh, York. 1924. Germany. 1924.

Where Evolution and Religion Meet. John In China Now. .T. C. Keyte. 154 pp.

M. and Cerle C. Coulter. 105 pp. $1.25. $1.50. George H. Doran Co. New York.

Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 1923.

The Inftuence of the Bible. Thomas Tip- Knowing the Scriptures. Arthur T. Pier- lady. 128 pp. $1.00. Fleming H. son. 458 pp. $1.50. Biola Book Room.

Revell Co. New York. 1924. Los Angeles. 1924.

Testament for Fishers of Men. Wade C. The Land of Saddle-Bags: A Study of the Smith. 50c to $1.50. Onward Press. Mountain People of Appalaehia. James Richmond, Va. Watt Raine. 260 pp. $1.50. Missionary Education Movement. New York. 1924. National Health Series. (20 volumes.) Edited by National Health Council. 30c David Livingstone. Hubert F. Livingstone each. Flexible Fabricoid. Funk & Wag_ Wilson. 230 pp. $1.35 net. George H. nalls Co. New York. 1924. Cancer: Doran. New York. 1924. Nature, Diagnosis and Cure. Francis Carter Wood. Man and the Microbe: Protestantism-Its Principles and Reasons. How Communicable Diseases are Con- R. Ditterich. 62 pp. 30· cents. Bible trolled. C. F.. A. Win&low. Community Institnte Colportage Association. Chicago. Health: How to Obtain and Preserve It. 1924. D. B. Armstrong. The Baby's Health: Richard A. Bolt. Personal Hygiene: The Thoughts on Certain Things That Matter. Rules for Right Living. Allan.T. Mc- Benjamin L Greenwood. 32 pp. Marshall Laughlin. Bros. London. 1923.

Spiritual Message in Modern English The Teaching W()rk ()f the Church. Com- Poetry. Arthur S. Hoyt. 290 pp. $2. mittee on the War and Religious Outlook. Macmillan Co. New York. 1924. 309 pp. $2.00. Association Press. New York. 1924.

What Is Modernism 7 Leighton Parks. 150 The Jews in America. B. J. Hendrick. pp. $1.00. Scribner's Sons. New York. 171 pp. 68. Heinemann. London. 1923. 1924. Buddhism and Christianity. A Contrast Seven Qnestions in Dispute. William Jen- and a Parallel. J. Estlin Carpenter. 319 nings Bryan. 158 pp. $1.25. Fleming pp. 3s, 6d. Hodder & Stoughton. Lon. H. Revell Co. New York. 1924. don. 1923.

Guinea Evangelization Society

Former Savages Are Transformed Into Christian Workers Through the Teaching of the Bible You Can Help—lf You Will Kwato Needs a Bible School. It Will Cost $50,000 and Will Train Papuan Christians to Win Their Countrymen to Christ THIS SCHOOL INCLUDES Dormitory for Girls ……… $1,500 Dormitory for Boys……… 1,500 ASchooIBuilding ………. 5,000 Dormitory for Women. . . . . . 4,000 DGrmitoryfor Men……… 4,000 Community Dining Hall….. 3,500 A Kitchen……………. 2,000 A RAW NEW GUINEA HEATHEN One Hundred Dollars a Year Will Train Two Christian Evangelists Graduated Volunteers Are Ready to Go Out from America if Their Support Is Provided A Hospital Is Greatly Needed for a Popu~ . lation of 20,000 Pc::ople. It Will .Also Train Native Nurses. Total Cost, $50,000 A Child in the Mission School Can Be Supported for $30 a Year WILL YOU HELP?

Send Your gifts 10: KAGO, A PAPUAN EVANGEUST WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer, 156 Fifth Avenue, New York New Guinea Evangelization Society, Inc.

REV, CHARLES W. ABEL, Miaaionary Jorn the Societ)'. Quarterly Reports Will Be Mailed to Members BOARD OF DIRECTORS Samuel R. Boggs. Pres. Allan Sutherland, Sa. Philip E. Ho'ward John L. Steele Hugh R. Monro. Vue-Pres. Delavan L. Pierson Valter Th{cDougal1, Treas. Rev. Charles ", Abel Arthur Y. Meeker Robert P. Vilder II"" G. A. Miller Alwyn flaB, Jr.

The Missionary Review of the World — June 1923

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CONTENTS FOR JUNE. 1923 Page FRONTISPIEOE ……………………… MOHAMMEDANS AT PRAYER IN INDIA 421 EDITORIALS ..•…….•…………………………………………… 421 RUSSIA's RELIGIOUS CHAOS THE POWER IN THE WORD THE BIBLE AND PROGRESS IN GREECE A NEW RELIGION IN CHINA THE BIBLE CHURCHMAN'S MISSIONA&Y SOCIETY A LETTER FROM AN AFRICAN KING •…………………… PAUL WAMBA 429 A rl11114rkable communication from a chief in East Africa. who has recen.tly been converted to Christ.

THE BLOOD COVENANT IN AFRICA .: ………………….. T. G. ViNSON 432 Peuuliar ceremonies i'll, West Africa connec1ed with the making of the blood cove'/lOlnt, showing 80me similarity to the saurijice.s and covenants in. Old Testament times.

NEW OPPORTUNITIES IN NORTH AFRIOA ……. _… _… EDWIN F. FI!.EASE 433 Changes in Tunis and Algiers since the European War and the new doors that have been opened to the GOlIpel.

IS MISSION :EDUCATION TODAY RELIGIOUS' " _. __ . . . . . . . . J. Du PLESSIS 435 A study of the place of religious ttiaching today in miswion schools and the principles which should be adopted in order to make these schools effec1ive as Christian agencie.•.

HOME LIFE IN CillNA __ …. __ .. __ . . . . . . . __ …… PAULINE E&NST HAMILTON 439 A graphie picture of the conditions that 8'U-rl"ound women and children in the Chinese home, showing the difficulties and the opportunities that confront the Christian missienary. .

THE BIBLE AND THE CffiNESE RENAISSANCE ………. G. CARLETON LACY 445 The inteUec1ual awakening in China as it is related to moral progress aniJ to the distribution of. Christian Scriptures.

STARTING A PIONEER SCIlOOL IN KOREA ………..•.. Mrs. E. H. Miller 448 A stilrrin,g acoount of how a missien school WlUI started with handicaps in a small Korean village by a group of Koreall, Christian students and teachers. INDIA'S NEED FOR CHRISTIAN EDUOATION ………… J. BENSON BAKER 449 A thoughtful tUsaussien of the present problems that vonfront India and the necessity of Christian education for their solution. NEGRO CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERIOAN LIFE . . . . . . . . . . RoDNEY W. RoUNDY 453 Interesting and stimulating facts, showing the importance of the Negro/18 til Ammolm progress and what they have alJI"eady done to 'IlUlke America a great nation.

AMERICAN LUTHERAN MISSIONARY WORK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . GEOIIGE DRACH 456 A brief review of the world-wide work of the United Lutheran Churah in America. AMONG THE HAUSAS IN TUNIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ARTHUR. V. LILEY. 457 NOSIREL L'HERISSON, APOSTLE OF HAITI .. _… CHARLES T. DETWEILER 460 BEST METHODS FOR VISUALIZING MISSIONS .. EDITED BY MB.s. E. C. C&ONK 463 WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN ….. _………………….. . 469 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN…… EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 472 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS •…….•………………………….. – . – . 475 MISSIONARY LIBRARY •..•…………•……………………………. 491 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, 50 cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published monthly. Copyrighted, 1923, by Missionary Review Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Olde&/ Bible Society In New York ~IF YOU WISH to advance the work of the Lord at a time when the 5 Ealt 48th Street New York world is in desperate need of the Gospel and of Spirit – filled, wen- ~orbon equipped prea~hers of the Gospe- o WE SHALL BE PLEASED TO TELL YOU HOW YOU MAY BECOME T HEOLOGICAL, MiSl!ion- AN ANNUITANT OF THE ary, Religious-Education!ll NATIONAL BIBLE College course of 4 years, INSTITUTE. college degree of Th.B.. Grad- uate School of Thecilogy,3-year Address: course, degree of B.D. . The National Bible Institute An embodiment of the high- est ideals of evangelical culture 214-216 West 35th Street New York and unity. DON O. SHELTON. Pres. HUGH R. MONRO. Trea•• NATHAN R. WOOD, President GORDON COLLEGE OF THEOLOGY AND MISSIONS Bo.ton, Me….chu••tt.

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EVIEW~ VOL. JUNE,1923 NUMBER LXVI SIX RUSSIA'S RELIGIOUS CHAOS C HRISTIANS in Russia are reported to be suffering from much . opposition and persecution from Bolshevist rulers. While some reports are no doubt exaggerated, it is true that a laI;ge number of' Russian church leaders have been put to death, the Patriarch Tikhon has been repudiated, the Roman Catholic Vicar- General Butchkavich has been put to death, and recently Mr. I. S. Prokhanoff, the leader of the All R,ussian Evangelical Christian Union, has been thrown into prison, apparently only for the reason that he has sought to unite Christians and has been preaching the Gospel of life and liberty in Christ. Some who have resided in Russia declare that the life under the Czars was liberty compared with tIle despotism under the Soviet government.

Mr. Francis McCullagh, in a recent communication to the New York Herald, states that the "Living Church," while nominally a reform movement in the Orthodox Church is, in reality, a political move inaugurated by the Bolsheviki on Soviet lines against the officials of the Church. The" Living Church" is now divided into six branches and has practically nothing in common with Protestant Christianity. Little or no good can be expected from it except as "the blood of the martyrs is the seed of the Church." Already, as a result of persecution, many Russians are led to examine the foundations of their faith; formal religion is proving inadequate and many are driven to choose between open infidelity and the vital evangelical faith that "the world cannot give and the world cannot take away."

The persecution and general antagonism to religion that does not bow down to the dictates of the Soviets is also arousing Christians all over the world to plan help for R,ussians who seek to follow Christ. A protest against the killing of some ecclesiastics has been signed hy the Archhishops of the Church of England, Cardinal Bourne and the leaders of all religious hodies in England, including the Chief Rahhi and the head of the Salvation Army. It reads in part: 421

"The last few weeks have witnessed a portent which has filled generoushearted men and women with horror. The ruthless warfare which the Soviet Government has long carried on against all forms of religious belief has come to a head. During the period of Soviet rule hundreds of thousands of religious people and ministers of religion of all ranks and creeds have been subjected to savage persecution, the express object of which has been to root religion out of the land. The central facts for which religion stands have been systematically outraged and insulted; the most sacred of religious festivals have been made an occasion for a blasphemous travesty, and at this moment the attack upon religion itself finds fresh illustration in the trial for their lives of the chief leaders of religion in Russia."

In the midst of this chaos there are many efforts made to lead the disorganized religious forces in Russia. The Vatican is endeavor- ing to win Russians to the Roman Catholic Church by allowing the use of the Russian language and ritual in its churches and by permitting the marriage of the clergy, but requiring an acknowledgment of the Pope. The Lutherans count 3,000,000 adherents in Russia, the Reformed Churches 85,000, the Anglican 5,000, Mennonites 66,000, and the Baptists about 500,000. Russian Baptists report a successful movement in Petrograd and numerous "prayer houses" in Siberia. The all-Russian Union of Evangelical Christians, having a membership about as large as the Baptist gronp, is also a Hving force in promoting Biblical life and faith. But at present the Orthodox Church seems to be losing its hold on the common people owing to the inability of their priests to lead them out into a living faith. The peasants say that they believe in Christ and the Church but not in the priests. Most of the Soviet leaders are anti-Christian and many of them are anti-religious, except where the Church can be made to serve the ends of the government.

The aim of the Soviets seems to be to stamp out the family and the Church and everything that does not submit to their control. It is reported that the "Living Church" has accepted the communist program of social revolution and the proletarian control of Christianity.

The old Church is looked upon as the tool of the Czarists and of capitalists, while the new Church must conform to the new Bolshevist ideals. The official declaration in regard to the Soviet attitude toward religion, as expressed by the Commissar of Justice, is as follows: "The legal position of the Church in Soviet Russia and its allied republics is best illustrated by the fundamental regulations fixed by the decree of separation of Church and State in 1918. According to this, every citizen, first, may profess any religion or none at all; second, when the carrying out of religious rites does not interfere with public order and the rights of citizens, free performance of them is guaranteed; third, no church society has the right to own property; fourth, all property belonging to church societies in Russia is declared to be national property, but buildings and articles of service are handed over to religious societies for free use."

As to present opportunity for evangelical work in Russia, it is clear that fearless ambassadors of Christ, who preach the supremacy

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

of God and absolute faith in Ohrist.aud His Gospel of freedom, will meet with opposition and possible persecution. The Soviet authorities fear any power that they do not control-even Divine power. Bishop Nuelsen of the Methodist Episcopal Ohurch declares, however, that "Russia is now open to large evangelistic and reform movements. " He, himself, has preached freely to large audiences in Petrograd and the Russian pastors declare that in the towns where they minister the chapels are too small to contain the crowds who wish to hear the Gospel. Bishop Nuelsen goes on to say: There are numerous evangeli~tic movements spreading throughout the country, and there are calls from all parts of the republic for teachers and evangelists. There is an evangelistic movement on within the rigid Orthodox Church of Russia. I wish to impress upon you that Russia is open for the Gospel, and that her people are hungry for the Gospel, and that the Church of Jesus Christ has an opportunity today with these 150,000,000 Russians as it was not thought possible a few years ago ….. .

The revolutionary leaders made the attempt to abolish the Church. But the mass of the Russian peasantry is intensely religious, and no efforts of the government could shake them. Now the government has given up this idea of blotting out in a short time the faith of the people in Christianity, and in some of their semi-official publications they call attention to the fact that radical measures against the Church would only create a stronger attachment of the people to the Church.

Dr. John S. Zelie, who spent last summer in Russia, recognizes the present need and opportunity for spiritual Ohristianity in Russia. He hopes that many evangelical sects will not seek to rush in but that there will be a concerted, organized movement by the Protestant Church representatives of America and England to· give Russia the Gospel. An attempt has already been made by Mr. 1. S. Prokhanoff to organize a "Free National Evangelical Church of Russia" that shall unite evangelical Christians on the basis of apostolic Christianity. Last autumn the General CQuncil of the All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union issued an epistle to the Supreme Board of the Russian Orthodox Church, inviting them to accept the general Gospel principles as a basis for the reform of the Ohurch. At the same time, the General Council announced that all the evangelical Christian Churches throughout Russia would arrange special prayer-meetings to pray about a general spiritual awakening of the Russian people, the realization of the Christian ideals in Russian life, and the uniting of all streams of the spiritual awakening into one great river of Russian reformation. These meetings were arranged throughout Russia and were marked with special blessing. At the Petrograd meeting, under the chairmanship of Rev. I. S. Prokhanoff, over four thousand people were present. Dr. Koloskoff, who has been for many years a leader in the religious temperance movement, and who has been converted and is a member of the All-Russian Evangelical Christian Union, gave an address as did Mr. Prokhanoff and other preachers of the evangelical Christians. At Moscow, the meeting was

accompanied by a special blessing and addresses were delivered by the representatives of all the new religious organizations. The Metropolitan and the priests spoke and prayed in an impromptu way, which is quite new to them. The evangelical Christians in Russia try to direct this movement in an apostolic channel with their work and prayers.

Clearly what is needed is the patient presentation of the teachings of Christ by those who live His life of loving service, not seeking to establish sects or to gain any recognition for themselves, but only to interpret God as Christ interpreted Him and to help men in need as the Son of Man helped them when on earth.

THE BIBLE AND PROGRESS IN GREECE I T is well known that the law in Greece has prohibited the distribu- tion of the Bible in modern Greek. The Eastern Orthodox Church uses the Septuagint Old Testament as translated into Greek about 2,100 years ago and the New Testament in the original Greek as the "inspired and unalterable Word of God." This Greek text is authorized and published by the Greek Patriarchate and other versions, translated into modern Greek, have been prohibited by the Greek constitution from importation, manufacture or circulation. As a result, ninety-five per cent of the people, says Rev. J. R. Brewster of Salonica, cannot read the Bible and are ignorant of its contents except as they hear it occasionally and imperfectly expounded in their churches. The natural result is general bigotry on the part of the clergy and a lack of spiritual enlightenment on the part of the people.

The Bible was translated into modern Greek some eighty years ago but the people of Greece have not been permitted to receive the benefit except for a short time during the European War, when the Venizelos Government permitted the importation and circulation of the Scriptures in modern Greek. Mr. Venizelos if! reported to have said that the strength of the British is due to the fad that they have the open Bible. When Constantine was restored to power, the old laws were again enforced, the more liberal-minded priests who had been preaching practical sermons were exiled, and the Bible in modern Greek was prohibited. The office of the American Mission and the depository of the American Bible Society were searched by the police and copies of the New Testament were confiscated. Last year Mr. Brewster was given an audience with the King but on appealing for permission to circulate the Gospels was reminded of the "Gospel riots" in Athens some twenty-five years ago. The King and Queen favored the modern translation of the Bible but feared the Ohurch leaders. At that time the attempt to change the constitution failed but since the second abdication of Constantine, last September,

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

1.he government has shown more willingness to permit the importation and use of Bibles in modern Greek.

The people who gave us the beautiful and expressive language in which the New Testament was written, the land in which the Apostle. Paul labored and where the Churches were that called forth the epistles to the Corinthians, the Philippians and the Thessaloniansthis land and people today call for material relief and for spiritual help from Christians in the West who have received the benefits of the Gospel of Christ. The Church and the State of Greece have thus far failed to produce great Christian leaders. Only an open Bible and a living Christ, intelligently understood and followed, can lead Greece to full liberty. The present Patriarch, Melitos, is the first Patriarch who has expressed himself in favor of giving the Bible to the people in their own tongue. He is also in favor of a better educated clergy, modern Sunday-school methods and other reforms. Here is a great opportunity for the Bible societies and for the evangelical missionaries in Greece.

THE POWER IN THE WORD W HILE many are discussing the authority and infallibility of the Bible as the Word of God, there are hundreds of thou- sands of Christians scattered over the world who are not discussing but are discovering the truth of the Bible statements and promises and the vitalizing power of God 's Word when believed and obeyed.

One of the most remarkable organizations or movements of the day is the Pocket Testament League.* Without elaborate machinery or the expenditure of large sums, a mighty work is being carried on among all classes of people in many lands. It was founded about fifteen years ago for the purpose of leading men, women and children to read the Bible daily and to carry a New Tlestament with them for ready use in time of need. Last year 32,000 people signified their decision to maintain this habit. In one small town in Pennsylvania four hundred joined the League and sixty united with one church as the result of a campaign led by a pastor.

A New York business man, crossing on a ferry boat daily to New York, enlisted twenty-five captains and as many engineers of the boats among daily Bible readers. A number of them have, in this way, become Christians. Another business man has made it a practice to talk with each of his clients about their relation to Christ and the Bible before talking insurance. He reports, as a result, many regenerated lives. A Hebrew proprietor of a shop found that his employees became transformed by the reading of the New Testament, the Bolshevistic atmosphere disappeared and a new spirit of brother- … 156 Fifth Avenue, New York,

hood reigned. As a result, he has become a Christian and has distributed to others 3,000 New Testaments. In another Jewish sihop, one girl began reading a New Testament given her by a customer, who also gave one later to the Jewish proprietor. He was so much impressed with it and with the effect on the girl that he secured copies for each of his employees.

These are only a few of the hundreds of authentic testimonies that indicate the living power of the Bible as the Word of God to lead men to Christ, to transform them and to enlist them in His service. The cost of conducting the work last year was only $16,000, including the cost of over 32,000 Testaments distributed. There is probably no work that produces larger results at so little expense and with such simple machinery and methods adaptable to all ages and conditions.

The greatest proof that the Bible is the Word of God is the power of God exerted through it in the lives and hearts of those who obey its teachings. This is proved not only in America, where a materialistic civilization and worldly intellectualism has led many to dispute its teachings, but in such lands as China where the results of Bible study are seen in General Feng's army, in Africa where Chief Khama and others put to shame godless foreigners, and in every land where the Bible is taught as the Word of God and its truth and authority are not questioned. The Word is a living Word and produces life where men allow it to take root and grow.

THE BIBLE CHURCHMAN'S MISSIONARY SOCIETY A NEW society has been formed in Great Britain is a result of the doctrinal disagreement in the Church Missionary Society, one of the truly great missionary agencies of the Protestant Church. The C. M. S. has had a long and remarkable history, having been established in 1799 by the so-called "evangelical" members of the Church of England who had been excluded from the councils of the High Church societies. The Church Missionary Society now conducts work in Japan, China, India, Africa, Persia, Palestine, Egypt, Canada and the Islands, and has been wonderfully fruitful. Its officers and missionaries have repeatedly expressed their dependence on God for power and their faith in "the Bible alone as the foundation and rule of faith ….. divine from the first page of Genesis to the last page of Revelation. "

Recently, a disturbing factor has entered the C. M. S. in the form of men of more modern views who desired a change in the position of the society on some matters of faith and practice. Nevertheless, the society adopted in 1918 a "concordat" which expressed definitely belief in the Scriptures as the "revelation of God mediated by inspired writers" and of "supreme authority in matters of faith. "

EDITORIAL COMMENTS

Dissatisfaction with the position on this point, expressed by some members and missionaries of the C. 1£. S., caused the formation of the "Fellowship of Evangelical Churchmen" who adhered to conservative beliefs, and last year, after unsuccessful attempts to secure an official pronouncement as to the trustworthiness of the Biblical records and" the truth of all of Christ's utterances," an amendment was adopted to permit men of divergent views to be represented on the board of managers and among the missionaries. As a result, the members of the Fellowship formed, on October 27, 1922, the "Bible Ohurchmen's Missionary Society" for the purpose of carrying on work on the basis of conservative faith in the "final authority of the Bible in all matters of faith and practice, and the trustworthiness of all of Christ's utterances as recorded in the New T'estament." The committee of the C. 11. S. adopted a resolution expressing faith in the truthfulness of Christ's teachings but. refusing to adopt the statement of belief "in the absolute truth of all Christ's utterances" on the ground that this would split the society and cause the resignation of some missionaries.

An effort is being made, thus far unsuccessful, to persuade the C. M. S. to turn over to the new B. C. M. S. the control of certain fields in order that the upholders of the more conservative views may continue to teach in harmony with their beliefs and that supporters who sympathize with them may not divert their cont!'ibutions to independent societies. At the same time, the O. M. S. would be relieved of a portion of its heavy financial responsibility, which has caused it to consider the withdrawal from some of its mission fields.

The B. C. 11. S. has been organized with the former Treasurer of the C. 11. S. as its Treasurer. New missionary magazines have been started and a new training school for missionaries has been organized.

It is perhaps inevitable that Christians should be divided in their interpretations of Scripture and even in their beliefs as to the relative importance of different portions and teachings of the Bible but it is regrettable, and sometimes disastrous to the effectiveness of missionary work among non-Christians, that there should be a division among the ambassadors of Christ as to the final authority of all His utterances and the trustworthiness of the New Testament record of His life work and teachings. Uncertainty on those points cuts the foundations from under the Christian Church and gives the new converts in the midst of anti-Christian surroundings no sure basis on which to build. It is of first importance that we shall be assured as to the facts on which our faith is based; that we know the source of Life if we are to lead men from death to new life in Ohrist and that we have unshakable foundations on which to build a Ohurch of God that will stand against the assaults of unbelief and the effects of human weakness and sin. Faith in the words of Christ and the spirit of love and loyalty to Him should unite all of His fonowers.

A NEW RELIGION IN CHINA A SPIRITISTIC movement is reported to be rapidly spreading among the official classes in China. Its purpose is declared to be "the worship of the most holy primeval Father – the fouuders of the five religions (Christianity, Islam, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism) and the gods, saints, the worthtes and Buddhas of the whole world throughout all generations. "

The movement is said, by the Rev. F. S. Drake in the Chinese Recorder, to have begun by accident-the outgrowth of the Chinese planchette, a stick used for hundreds of years as a medium between men and the Taoist immortals. In 1920 an officer in the Chinese army was playing with thiS' planchette when, as he reports, a book was delivered, entitled" TheNorth Pole (or Pivotal) True Scripture."

About a year later (in 1921) the officer founded the Tao Yuan, of which the motive was to be the cultivation of the inner life by meditation, philanthropic work and revelations through the planchette. Two. publications of the new sect are called: "Ethical Miscellany" and" The Philosopher." To become a member of the Tao Yuan (or Way of the Great Primeval Tao) none need forsake his own religion. Their" true scripture," which is to be completed iu twelve years, teaches meditation and shows in diagrams "the true manner and origin of life," and contains the ten commandments.

In organization, the Tao Yuan has a special department for each of the five religions; each department having a president, an executive officer and students or devotees. There are six courts-of the President, of meditations, of planchette worship, of scriptures, of philanthropy and of preaching. The headquarters of the society are in Tsinanfu and it is said to be spreading over China. The membership grew in three months from six hundred to twelve hundred in thirteen centers.

The walls of the headquarters in Tsinanfu are hung with scrolls, quaint inscriptions signed by Christ (a triangle) and Buddha, and pictures said to be the work of the planchettes which are prominently placed in each shrine. These planchettes consist of a bent stick and a tray of sand in which the characters are traced.

As a religious movement, weakness is shown in the confused intellectual basis, the opportunity for trickery, and the fact that it caters wholly to the literary and aristocratic classes. "It will probably not be long-lived," says Mr. Drake, "but may lead members of the official classes to inquire into Christian teaching." The members seem to be sincere and unselfish and the teachiugs are ethical but it is a conglomeration, is animistic and contains no idea or plan of salvation or redemption from sin. It is another evidence of the desire of the Chinese for some way of life-if not for the only true and Living Way.

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~.a:~ /~'~~?Q/ A Letter from an African King M R. WILLIAM J. MAYNARD, of Shinyanga, Tanganyika Territory, East Africa, has sent to the offices of the Africa Inland Mission, (Brooklyn, New York), an unusually interesting and impressive letter recently received from a Christian "King," Paul ·Wamba. A portion of the letter in the native language is reproduced herewith. In itself this letter shows the educa· tional work of the missionaries who have not only reduced the language to writing but have translated the Bible into it and have taught the natives to read and write, and to appreciate and obey tbe Word of God.

The i i King," or Chief, who was converted a short time ago, wished to give his testimony to Christ and so wrote as foHows (translation) : To my brethren, beloved in Jesus our Redeemer: For many days I was in distress, seeking to save my life. And this life that I was seeking for, led me into many of the things of the earth. I sought it from our witch doctors; from the spirits of goats and sheep and cattle; from the spirits of my ancestors; from charms, from trumpets, from the entrails of chickens; from all the learning of our leaders. I spent very, very much of my substance seeking for life; but it brought me no peace or rest. My heart was only multiplied in its fear of death. I sought with much strength the path of me and rest, hut I did not find it.

429

One day I went to visit at the Government Post, and met your missionary, Teacher W. J. Maynard. He invited me to visit his home, but I saw only hard work in such a visit, and I declined. Another day he sent me two loads of cassava, and I remembered my promise to visit his home, but my heart did not want to go there, because I knew that he wanted to talk to me about the words of God, and I did not want to hear those words, no, not even a little bit. In those days, if a man tried to tell me the words of God, I deafened my -ears until he stopped talking. Also I had very great wrath towards all who preached the words of God, and tried hard to do them evil. I remained this way for many days.

One day I woke early, to consider what to do, because some teachers had come into my District to tell those words to my people. I thought to make them afraid by instructing some of my people to come to me and accuse the teachers of telling them to rebel against their rulers. They did this; then I went to the Goverument to have the teachers driven from my country. When I reached the door of the Boma my heart failed me; I remembered many things. I went home, and thought of my promise to visit Teacher W. J. Maynard. Next day I went to his house, and found that they were having a service in the church. I went in and listened to the words of God. At first it was like a man waking from sleep. My heart jumped and ran as I listened; then it was as though I was feeling glad to be hearing such words; and from then I began to listen and to understand.

When we left the church, he (the missionary) took me to his house and talked to me with understanding, about all the ways in which my ancestors had sought salvation through the things of the world. This was what I too, had been doing. When I reached my home I decided to test the truth of his words. I made medicine of witchcraft and put it over my door. I wanted to see if the words of my ancestors were true. Next day I called! all my councillors and sub-chiefs and witch doctors, and told them to divine and tell me who had made medicine and tried to bewitch my house. F~ two days they killed chickens, and read the signs; then they called me and said they had found the IIUln. My older brother had fixed that medicine to bewitch my house, and kill me, in order that he might seize the kingdom for himself. Then I knew that their words were idle ones, and there wru; no rest for me in their practices.

From the time I first believed in Jesus as my Master, I have had rest from these words of my ancestors. I have very great love and rejoicing in my heart. Now there is no fear of death with me, because I have a hiding place; my hiding place is in Jesus, and there is nothing that can remove me from Him. I am waiting with great joy for His coming to take me with Him, and to give me that crown of rejoicing that will last through all the days.

I praise God for the graqe that redeemed me, with the blood of His Son. I was a thing of corruption and offense before Him; but now I am washed and am acceptable in His sight. I have sorrow that I have nothing more to give Him, but I have given Him all my heart, and all that I possess I count as His in my stewardship. I want to be ruled by Him all my days.

I am your child, PAULO WAMBA, King of Shinyanga.

Mr. Maynard, in sending the letter and translation, says. that it is a joy to testify to the faithfulness, in Christ Jesus, of this man who only a few years ago was a bitter persecutor of any of his subjects that named the Name that is now the" Strong Tower" of

A LETTER FROM AN AFRICAN KING

PRJi;ACHING THE GOSPEL IN CENTR.AL AFRICA his safety and peace. Since his conversion he has continued to grow in grace and in knowledge, and the witness of his life has penetrated into the regions beyond. • Last year he sent 100 rupees as a thankoffering for what God had done for him. This year, on New Year's day, he sent 50 baskets of grain to the hospital patients in remembrance of what God had given him through the year.

This letter is a great encouragement to prayer for the sowing of the Word in these dark places of earth.

"It is als.o cheering to know that one of Wamba's brothers, and a son of one of his former slaves were baptized on January 7, 1923, while another younger brother is a candidate for baptism; last month his wife, the daughter of bitter Mohammedans, declared her desire to know and follow Wamba's God. This, of course, will result in her being outcasted by her people. Pray for her."-W. J. M.

A Lost Opport~nity.-English Wesleyans rejoice over the way God has prospered their work at certain places on the Gold Coast, but they lament their failure in tho same district a few years ago to tak& advantage of a mass movement, owing to the lack of men. In consequence, a crude mixture of Christianity and fetishism has sprung into being, and ' has .created a situation very difficult to meet. The Wesleyan missionaries describe this movement as II a fungoid growth which is a hindrance to the coming of the Kingdom of God." Opportunities missed seldom return in the mission lleJd.

THE BLOOD COVENANT IN AFRICA BY REV. T. C. VINSON, I,UEBO, CONGO BELGE X CIENT customs still prevail to a very large extent in Africa. Not infrequently one of these customs is found to serve as a point of contaM between the native and the missionary as he preaches the Gospel. A striking illustration is the" blood-covenant, " which is the most sacred and the most binding oath the African of the Belgian Congo can take. In entering upon this covenant he solemnly binds himself to fulfil all the conditions in the agreement, at the same time calling down upon his head the direst of curses in the event he should break his oath.

The covenant is made in this district in the following manner: When two tribes have been at war or at variance with each other. and are seeking to make peace, the "treaty" is "signed" and sealed with this covenant. The" go-betweens" having arranged the preliminaries, a neutral spot is selected, where the ceremonies are to take place. On the chosen date the representative men of each tribe bring sheep which they exchange after breaking their legs.

A cup· of water is brought and one of the representatives mixes a little Indian hemp with it. Each man then cuts a gash on his right wrist and adds a few drops of blood to the mixture. The contents are next poured through the muzzle of a gun barrel and caught in another cup as it flows from the other end. This signifies loyalty to each other in the event of war.

The contracting parties now take their stand upon a leopard skin and grasp the cup, containing the mixture, with their right hands, each holding his left hand under the thigh of the other. Standing in this posture they in turn drink equal portions of the contents of the cup. Having mingled blood with blood with the symbol of peace and the symbol of war, they thus pledge themselves loyally to protect their mutual interests in peace and war, even at the price of their own blood.

This part of the ceremony being complete the sheep are killed by cutting the throat, the blood flowing out on the ground. The carcasses are divided, each party taking haH of his own and half of the other's. 'fhe meat is dressed and cooked in two large native pots and all the near relatives of the representative parties eat of it. This signifiefl that they also obligate themselves to fulfil the conditions of the covenant.

The analogy between this ancient custom and the Christian's covenant relationship with Christ must not, of course, be pressed too far, but the essential features serve as a vivid illustration of Christ's sacrifice for us in order to bring peace between God and the rebellious sinner. Christ Himself is at once the mediator of the covenant and the lamb of the sacrifice. We enter into the covenant relationship with Him and partake of His life through the symbols of His flesh and His blood. We pledge our loyalty to Him and He promises to sustain us. If we break the covenant we bring upon ourselves the fate of those who have "trodden under foot the Son of God and have counted the blood of the covenant, wherewith they were sanctified, an unholy thing, and have done despite unto the Spirit of grace." Christ is the Mediator of a "better covenant" which is established upon better promises.

AFRICAN BOYS IN THE AMERICAN METHODIST SCHOOL AT

New Opportunities in North Africa BY REV. EDWIN F. FREASE, D.D., TUNIS, NOR'fH AFRICA Superintendent af the Norlh African Missions, Methodist Episcopal Church T HE situation in North Africa has radically changed, from a missionary standpoint, in the last five years. A few years ago this was one of the most difficult mission fields, but now it is one of the most accessible points of approach in the Mohammedan world. Here we find an extraordinary opportunity for Christian mission work.

The French Government extended war conscription in Tunis and Algeria to both the Arabs and the Berbers, so that the young men went by tens of thousands from the towns, the mountains, the plains, and the Sahara desert. Outside the walls of old Kairwan, the Mos- lem holy city of Tunisia, the simple nomads gathered in flowing, earth-stained garments to bid their men farewell, the women wailing them as already dead. Sturdy mountaineers, sedentary townsmen, loose-limbed herdsmen, and stolid farmers, all went to the training centers without the first idea of order or of discipline. After in- tensive training these men marched along briskly, alert, disciplined soldiers of the modern type. In Europe t.hey fraternized with French, British, Italian and American soldiers in an altogether new :2 433

world. The survivors returned to their homes in North Africa but their vision can never again be limited to the old horizon, their thotJihts can no longer run in the former narrow channels, their ideals have escaped the old bounds. They are changed men.

In addition to the military conscription, tens of thousands were also recruited for industrial and agricultnral work in France and came into immediate contact with European social and labor conditions. They too were changed in the process and their increased earnings and allowances have made possible a different style of living. The many forces already disintegrating Mohammedanism in North Africa have jostled the Moslem inertia of ages into movement. Exclusiveness, tradition, prejudice, and fanaticism have received a rude shock.

One of the great opportunities for Christian work in North Africa is that presented by hostels for children attending the French secular schools. Their religious training may be given in these hostels. This branch of work, thought a few years to be impossible, has so developed that there are now about one hundred boys and girls, mostly Berbers, in the mission homes at Algiers, Constantine, and Tunisia. Double the number could be accommodated if the support were provided. Mr. Townsend, in charge of the Berber boys' home in Algiers, was obliged to refuse fourteen boys from the mountains who were anxious to be received.

It is very important to begin with the children in Mohammedan lands, for Mohammedanism has a corrupting effect upon the moral nature, and it is exceedingly difficult to make over the adult Moslems into satisfactory Christian workers. Girls are more difficult to secure than boys, for among Mohammedans a girl has a commercial value. But even with them encouraging progress is being made, and at Constantine the difficulty has been in securing adequate support rather than in obtaining the girls as pupils in the mission schools.

In Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, and extending acr()ss the Sahara into the Sudan and the Congo, the French Government is developing an area larger than that of the United States and Alaska. They are doing excellent work in the development of these vast areas. Even in the last five years, one of the lines of railroad has been extended over 150 miles into the Sahara. It appears certain that the great Sudan region will be opened up by means of these railways across the Sahara rather than from the deadly West Coast, which is known as "The White Man's Grave." These facts indicate additional reasons for the development of missiou work in North Africa. Christianity must advance with the railways into the black areas of the Sudan and the Congo if Africa is to be won for Christ.

FROM WHICH AFRICAN CHILDREN COME TO

Is Mission Education To-day Religious?

BY PROF. J. DU PLESSIS, STELLENBOSCH, SOUTH AFRICA Author of "Thrice Through the Dark Continent," etc.

EDUCATION has been regarded by some as a process chiefly for intellectual purposes. This is the older ideal and largely prevalent even today in educational institutions modeled on the English and Scotch system. The teaeher's duty is to impart as much knowledge as his pupil can profitably retain and wisely use.

To this succeeded another ideal, namely that education is regarded as a process to secure aims, cultural and political. It is the view first consciously adopted by Germany, then by other European nations, and finally by the United States.. The teacher's duty is to make his pupil an all-round man and a good citizen. This is the governmental view of the purpose of education.

Finally we have the Christian ideal that education is a process to be utilized and controlled for moral and religious ends. The teacher, while endeavoring to impart knowledge and to qualify his pupil for the faithful performance of his social and national duties, is above all concerned with his character development and in secur- 435

ing his surrender to Jesus Christ, upon whom all lines of moral and religious teaching converge. The aims of these three syste~s are of course not so sharply divided in reality. An intellectual educational system cannot indeed be unethical; for ethics itself is a department of knowledge. A national educational system must almost necessarily be ethical, if not also religious. But the keynotes of the three systems are found in the words academical, governmental and Christian.

Missionary education falls under the third of these categories and its distinguishing characteristic is that it is Christian. The Master not only commissioned His followers to make disciples among all nations, but to "disciple all nations," which was more clearly defined as "teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you" (Matt. 28: 20). The instruction which Christ had in view was definitely religious and ethical; and the instruction which any given system of missionary education seeks to impart must be! the same or it does not accord, either in the letter or the spirit, with the explicit cOIIfIlland of Christ.· But is missionary education, as conveyed today not only in secondary institutions but also in primary schools, distiuctively religious and moral ~ It will be difficult to maintain that it is. The secular element in the curriculum threatens to oust the religious element.

There are three factors which facilitate, if they do not compel, the adoption of a curriculum which provides for instruction in secular subjects. They are (1) the necessity for enlarging the mind as well a.s deepening the faith of the native converts, (2) the growing demand for an education which will enable the native to meet the more exacting economic conditions of the new civilization which is being thrust upon him, and (3) the intervention of the local government in educational matters. A certain amount of secular instruction in missionary schools is necessary but the part of the Government in directing and controlling the educational policy of our missions is a real problem.

The relationship between the local government and the various missions, with reference to the education in Africa, passes through three stages. In the first stage the mission is left to its own devices, to open schools, introduce a curriculum and develop an educational system, the Government standing wholly aloof. In the second stage the Government begins to interest itself in educational undertakings, and endeavors to coordinate the efforts of the several societies by laying down an official curriculum, to which the societies mayor may not conform, it being generally understood that the adoption of the Government code secures the privilege of a State subsidy. In the third stage the Government assumes complete control of the whole educational enterprise. Missionary institutions receive scanty

IS MISSION EDUCATION TO-DAY RELIGIOUS'

grants-in-aid if any. Thus a contest arises which can only result in the extinction of the mission schools.

In the first stage, such missions as those in the Belgian Congo arrange their own curricula, and are therefore inexcusable if they fail to give its proper place to religious and moral teaching. The demand of the native pupil for more English, more French, more arithmetic or more science, at the expense of Scripture knowledge and moral training, must be resisted. Unless the missionary is able to vindicate the rights of the religious element in this stage, it is too unlikely that he will be able to do so in the next stages.

In the second stage, when the Government intervenes, in helpful fashion, as in the Union of South Africa, primary schools are established on the initiative of the missionary society; the curriculum is prescribed by the Government; the schools enjoy government subsidies, and submit to government inspection. The effect on the religious instruction is shown in the report of the Select Committee on Native Education to the Cape House of Assembly in 1908: "The necessity of moral and religious teaching in native schools is universally admitted, but it appears that this most important subject is too frequently neglected because it forms no part of the work tested by the inspector, on whose judgment the scholastic reputation of the pupil, the teacher and the school immediately depends." Another reason for this neglect is the overloading of the curriculum with secular subjects.

In the third stage, where the Government assumes complete control, religious and moral instruction is still more overlooked. In matters religious the Government is neutral. In countries where a variety of religions prevails, religious teaching can only be introduced by the adoption of a conscience clause, exempting pupils who so desire from attendance at religious instruction. The Government has often cut the knot by excluding religious teaching altogether as in India. The plea has generally been tha,t moral teaching is retained and enforced but with primitive races no divorce between religious and moral teaching is conceivable. For the animist of Africa or the Indian hills as well as for the philosophical Hindu or Buddhist, there are no moral sanctions other than religious. "Religion is in fact the basic element of Indian life, and morality apart. from religion is an almost impossible conception. " (Sir Valentine Chirol.) To the neglect of religious education in India may be traced the failure of the system to reach the masses, and the increase of moral intractability and political disaffection in the student class as a whole. On the other hand, the regard for law and order which the natives of South Africa manifest, is largely due to the religious teachings with which the Christian (and dominant) section of the community has been imbued. Indeed, as the Native Affairs Commission of South Africa has so emphatically affirmed,

"for the moral improvement of the Natives there is available no influence equal to that of [Christian] religious belief" (~ 283).

Governments are assuming in ever larger measure the control of all educational undertakings since the chief assets of a country consist not in land or minerals or the rich products of a fertile soil, but in men. These men must be instructed before they can possess their full economic and moral value. Governments are responsible for the welfare of the peoples under their care.

What relationship, then, should missionary education bear to government education 7 In Africa, at least, I trust that we shall be able to secure harmonious cooperation of missions and governments. This scheme, though beset with serious difficulties in the East, is perfectly practicable in Africa (South and Central), where the native animistic beliefs are decadent, and Christianity offers the only religious instruction worthy of the name.

Governments cannot afford to dispense with the cooperation of Christian missions in their educational enterprises, since the latter supply the religious motive, which is acknowledged by all earnest thinkers to De absolutely indispensable, and which the Government cannot provide. They also supply the personal eq~tation upon which educationists lay such great and necessary stress, and through which education must be saved from being the mere mechanical impartation of knowledge, and become what it should be–a personal influence, the intercourse of mind with mind, the communion of soul with soul. Again they furnish private initiative, education being "not wholly a matter of public concern; it lies across the boundaries which divide public functions from private initiative; wherefore it is desirable to seek for some new synthesis between State supervision and private effort" (Calcutta University Report).

This cooperation between missions and governments will naturally vary in different colonies and at different times in the same colony. Dr. C. T. Loraro, in his "Education of the South African Native" (1917), urges that missionaries be allowed a larger share in the direction of native education in South Africa. "The existence of a system of Native education is due to the missionaries. They are today, and must for some time continue to be, the agency which is carrying on the work j they are charged with certain duties by the State; and yet they have no share in the administration of Native education. It is in the interest of all concerned that definite recognition should be given to the missionaries. This could be effected by the establishment of a missionary Board of Advice and by the recognition of missionaries as managers of Native schools."

It is urgently necessary that missionaries should have a voice in the determination of native educational policy, but it is even more necessary that they should safeguard the rights ·of religious teaching to a prominent place in the government curriculum.

AND THEIR HOMES IN A COUNTRY VILLAGE IN

Home Life in China BY PAULINE ERNST HAMILTON, SHUNTEFU, CffiNA Missionary of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

I MAGINE the average Chinese, like Alice in Wonderland, dropped down one of his own wells and continuing his course until he arrived in one of the villages or cities of America. Righting himself with his usual placidity, he would take furtive glances at the high buildings, wide streets, rushing automobiles, and pay a mental tribute to the ingenuity of the "Outside People"-as he designates all who are not of the Middle Kingdom. But that which would excite his greater curiosity-even disapproval-would be the openness and freedom of American life: glass windows, large doors, spacious comfort, light, companionship. All about him he would note with disapproval the door yards and lawns, turned from their utilitarian purpose of providing grain into flower gardens and pleasure plots. When he sees the sidewalks as wide as most of his Chinese streets, the boys and girls talking and laughing together-his verdict of Americans as an ignorant and immoral people is clinched!

It is a truism that as the cell is the unit of the body, so is the home the unit of the nation. With a civilization centuries older than that of AIDerica and Europe, what are the influences in China that have yielded a people inert and unwieldy, and houses that are not homes but are mere shelters from the storm' While the physical, the moral and the spiritual elements are all inherent in complete 439

family life, it is the first of these elements that claims instant attention in the most casual survey of the average Chinese home. Viewed from some slight elevation, distance may lend enchantment to the appearance of a village in China, but a closer view reveals not a gem set. in the expanse of green, but a canker on the face of the earth. There is the unbroken row of low, brown houses; th'e squalid, narrow streets; the ox feeding from a trough at the door, the pigs and chickens foraging in the piles of refuse; the ashes and decaying vegetables; the snarling, wolfish dog, like JEsop's, barking defiance from the roof, behind ambnsh of fodder and brush. Looking for some redeeming feature, one's eyes are drawn to the sunlit space against the wall, where a white haired grandmother holds her infant charge while the younger woman turns her spinning wheel and from time to time admonishes the children who are eating their bowl of millet from the family breakfast pot. Through the gate or door set in the wall, one sees a screen of brick or adobe that answers the double purpose of shutting out the gaze of the curious, and providing a niche for the little clay god before which is an offering of several half-burnt s'ticks of incense. On one side is an entrance leading into a rectangular court that is used in common by the inmates that call the rooms surrounding it home. One court may house a patriarchal group, the parents occupying the main section and the sons, as they marry, taking each a side room. If it be a polygamous family, each wife with her children will occupy a separate portion. One court leads into another by an angular passageway, in order that the evil spirits, which can travel only in straight lines, may not enter. A succession of these courts, with their surrounding rooms make a village a veritable honeycomb. Sometimes a dwarfed, gnarled tree pushes its way up through a corner of the court, and a starved love for the beautiful expresses itself in the discouraged blossoms that feebly try to prolong a dusty existence in a flower pot. The Chinese love song birds, and the tragedy of a beautiful lark penned in a tiny cage is voiced in its plaintive cry for freedom. ~ The interior of the Chinese home is what bare necessity has decreed as essential to existence. The rough, uneven earthen floor is rarely covered even by bricks. The plastered walls and rough beams are of one dull color, blackened by the smoke and ashes from the open fire. Against the wall opposite the one door a small, high table, with a narrow chair on either side, is set primly to hold the ancestral tablets, a tea pot and perhaps a piece of cheap pottery. One end of the room is occupied by the black family chests, and in the poorer home by the jars of grain and winter supplies. Across the other end of the room is the platform of brick and earth, covered with felt mats, that answers for both bedroom and bed for all the family. The bright figured calico coverings add color to the dullness, and the guest sitting cross-legged on this elevated divan views the surround-

ROME LIFE D I ClflNA

ings with more complacency. The immovable window-a wooden framework over which is pasted translucent paper-gives the only light that enters the room, but never a breath of air comes in unless some accident has fortunately punctured the paper. Seated on this oasis in the desert, one may forget for the moment that generations of tuberculars have expectorated unhindered on the floor; that on this "kang" the sorrowing mother has tried to warm the cold body of her son, a victim of the plague; or the grandmother has crooned over the little child dying of typhus or smallpox. Disease is to the Chinese an intangible thing, something to be accepted as decreed by an evil fate, therefore there are no preventive measnres against con- tagion. Frequently along the moat outside the city walls are strewn bundles of ragged clothing, all that remains of the bodies that had been lightly covered in the loose sand and have been dug out by the ravenous dogs that devour them. A brilliant sunshine does what it can to render harmless the open cess-pools and sewers, but after seeing it all one ceases to mention the survival of the fittest in his wonder that any are fit to RESCUED CHINESE GIRLS survive.

Is this a typical picture, and does it truly represent the better class homes? The structure may be of brick instead of mud, the entrance more pretentious and the rooms may contain some really beautiful wood carvings, but in a city of 20,000 there is only one house with a wooden floor, and that is in the home of an official educated in the United States. Highly polished tables, and art vases in lacquer cabinets may be in evidence in the homes of wealthy Chinese, but there is the same disregard for contagion, the same ~flaorctkabolfe comfort, cheerfulness and ventilation. There are no com- chairs; or if there be any books at all, they are wrapped in cloth; of music there is no thought at all.

Someone has said that the Chinese home litexally reeks with immorality. How could it be otherwise, when infanticide, marriage contracts by a conscienceless "middle man," and polygamy play into each other's hands like hideous monsters gloating over their victims ¥ It is not only in time of famine that babies are denied their birthright of life. Said one old woman: "Yes, this daughter has been a comfort to me, and to think that at her birth I tried to per- suade the midwife to choke her to death, as I did not want any more daughters." In the home of an official when inquiry was made con-

cerning a little child that had been expected, the answer was: "We did not want the trouble of bringing up another girl, so she was strangled at birth."

Every sort of fraud is practiced by the middle man in arranging marriages. An intelligent man may be told that he is getting a prize, and find that he has paid for an insane woman. Or a woman, after the fatal contract has been made, may find herself the property of a worthless opium sot, too filthy and loathsome to associate with human beings. At its best, what can such marriage arrangements be expected to produce in mutual respect and other essentials of true home life?

A merchant took two wives; both bore children. There were rivalries and jealousies between the mothers, and these furnished ample cause for the disrespectful, immoral conduct of the luckless sons and daughters.

Mr. Chang had a wife who he proudly asserted was a direct descendant of Mencius. She had three promising children, but Mr. Chang felt that he was not living up to the full dignity of his class as an official and announced his intention to take a second wife. Mrs. Chang pleaded and became very ill, but as soon as she was well enough to travel had to go to Tientsin to welcome the new wife.

Mrs. Chen is the first of five wives. "You may wonder," she said, II why I have aged. When my husband married the second wife I told him that love and confidence between us were over.' , Now as a widow she is making Of her suffering a cruel rod with which she rules the other four unfortunate women. She was childless, but exacts obedience from the children of the others. The woman who is mother of the only son in the family cannot allow her boy to call her by that term, as the first wife claims that title for herself.

It is difficult for even the careful observer to learn much of the home life of the Chinese, because it is largely a negative quantity. This statement seems almost a paradox since it refers to a people whose national existence has been little more than an aggregate of family units. The real bond of this people, whose antiquity is their pride, has been this patriarchal system. Reverence for parents and the worship of ancestors have linked one generation with another in unbroken succession.

Poverty in the lower classes, polygamy in the upper classes and woman's inferior position in both, are effectual barriers to the development of affection and companionship among the members of a Chinese familY:-To the average peasant, life is a mere existence, the sole aim of which is to find enough food to "fill the mouths." Home is the place where he unrolls his mat and sleeps on the hard brick kang or platform that answers for bedroom and bed. tl'wice or three times a day he takes his bowl and chopsticks, and with his portion of boiled millet and cabbage, dipped from the family pot, he finds a

HOME LIFE IN CHINA

sunny place in the little court, or a stone outside the doorway, and there eats in ruminative silence and enjoyment. The children and last of all the mother, finds each one a favorite corner or leans against the mud wall to enjoy the repast. The merchant's meals are served in his shop, where he eats with his business partner and employees. In very few homes is there a family table, or the pleasant gathering about the evening lamp.

In villages and towns the boys attend school in the local temples. The girls, until they are married and have borne children, are recluses in the home, where they take care of their younger brothers and sisters, keep the pot boiling and learn to sew. Once betrothed, a THREE GENERATIONS IN A CHINESE CHRISTIAN FAMILY girl's life is determined by her mother-in-law. In this way the tie between mother and daughter is weakened at an early age and, as the proverb has it, "a daughter-in-law is closer than a daughter." . ..; Because the very imaginings of men's hearts are evil, girls over ten or twelve years of age are not permitted to be seen on the streets, and must live secluded lives until married. The daughter. early knows that she is to go to the home of her mother-in-law, and from the time of the betrothal is subject to her wishes. The mother, deprived of so much that makes life worth while, has only the grim satisfaction that she will some day be a mother-in-law. If the burden of life becomes too heavy, she takes the opium route to oblivion. Small wonder that where these three monsters-infanticide, child marriages and polygamy-are not only unpunished, but even unrecognized as evil, there should be no foundation for the building of a home.

Marriage contracts are made by a "middle man," and the m~t

interested parties have little or no choice, so that inevitably natural ties are stronger than the marital. Maternal and filial affection often brighten an otherwise dark picture, and nature is stronger than repressive custom. In a hovel, a daughter aged seven soothes the last days of her aged mother; the little tubercular child clings with her fast ebbing strength to the love light in her mother's face. At a feast, a mother, a woman of culture, may refuse to touch either the meats or the sweets because she has vowed this sacrifice to the gods in return for their protection of her family; one in poorer circumstances may never taste salted food for the same reason. Filial reverence is so inculcated, especially in the youth of the better classes, that the son must remain standing as long as his father is in the room. Young people have no. interests outside the home.

In many families the children early learn deceit and evasion from their elders. The lips give a polite acceptance to a statement, but behind the impassiv~ face the experienced reader of Chinese character sees an unpertllrbed dissent. 'When asked a question by a stranger, t;he child watches its mother's face and takes its cue from her. Children are frightened into obedience by threats of the tiger that is always waiting to devour little ones. When the child be~omes old enough to realize that the tiger is only a bugaboo, obedience and honesty-even as the best policy-make no appeal.

Chinese students boast of Confucius' moral code, but often become so arrogant that pride overcomes virtue. In such an atmosphere little lives are molded, so that one more highly appreciates the boys and girls who, in spite of these hindrances, are trustworthy.

The Chinese bows in superstitious obedience to the shades of ancestors, disguising his devotion in the mask of reverence. The votary offers his gift to crave the forbearance of the Powers that Be, and ignorant women come many miles on bound feet to ke tou and burn incense. 1A. devoted mother vows that if the gods will protect her family she will taste neither meat nor sweets. But of eomfort in sorrow, of acquaintance with One who is the Way, the Truth and the Life, and who blessed the home with His presence both in joy and in sorrow, the Chinese have no knowledge, save as His Message is brought to them by Christians.

Child Labor in Hong Kong.-Child labor is one of the worst features in the economic situation in China today. The National Christian Conference went on record against employing children under twelve, and an act was recently passed by the Hong Kong Legislature providing: (1) That no child under ten shall be employed in a factory, or any child at all in dangerous trades; (2) that no child under twelve shall be employed in carrying coal, building material, or debris, or any load over fifty-six pounds; (3) that no child shall work in any industrial undertaking for more than nine hours out of twentyfour, and not more than five hours continuously; (4) no child shall be employed between 7 p. m. and 7 a. m., and one day's rest in seven is compulsory.

Bible and China's

BY REV. G. CARLETON LACY, SHANGHAI, CHINA Secretary of China Agency of the American Bible SOciety T HE whole world is talking about Ohina. Famines, floods, earthquakes, banditry, student strikes, labor ulJ.rest, civil war, political disgrace, and international complications-it is a tragic tale.

Yet that is not the whole tale. These stupendous calamities are but the black clouds through which has broken the sunshine of glorious facts. Out of the depths of despair multitudes have turned toward Jesus Christ. From far Kansn, rocked by earthquakes which threw down mountains and shattered whole villages as though they were but children's toys, to Fukien with her unrestrained brigands, and Oanton with her political aspirations; from the northland scourged with famine, to the flooded valleys of the Huai, the true J.. ight has shone. Last year more copies of the Christian Scriptures were sold than in any of the most prosperous of"preceding years. In 1921 over 2,362,000 Bibles and portions were circulated in Chinaover 605,000 more than in 1920. And yet at this rate it would require nearly 200 years to give some portion of the Bible to all the Chinese.

The literary renaissance demands that the Bible shall be presented not merely as a book, and therefore as an object of respect, but as a book of practical, vital worth that has molded history, revolutionized society, transformed life. BlOlcause the Bible can be presented as the Book of Life we need not fear for the place it will hold in the seething currents of national events. That such presentation may be effective calls for the most intelligent cooperation of all Christian forces. Scripture distribution, as never before, becomes a fundamental part of the task of the ChineSE} Ohurch.

The renaissance demands that literature shall reach the common man. When Christianity first assumed that position in China and translated the Bible into the vernacular it was jeered and discredited. Even Christians protested that the Sacred Book was being degraded and the door of approach to educated Ohina was being closed. Today a man who writes not in the Peh-hwa ("plain words" or spoken form) is almost without standing in literary circles. Chancellor Tsai, of the Peking (Government) University, has become the champion of this movement to put the written language of China into such form that the countless millions of people roay learn to read.

The National Phonetic Script is aiding this movement and it has been adapted to the several principal dialects of the south. The entire New Testament has been published by the Bible Societies in 445

China during the past year. Altogether since the beginning of Bible distribution in China over 30,800,000 have been scattered.

In North China in spite of the increased sales the demand has far exceeded the supply so that the society agents dare not exploit the field as a whole. As the number of Christians grows and new centers of Christian activity are established, the non-Christian population will discover what is that Central Power that is making inexorable claim upon the conscience of man. And the more methodical our distribution of the Word of God is, availing to reach every village, hamlet, and home, the sooner will the Living Truth be known to the millions in China who have as yet but a perverted idea of this new religion in their midst, the adherents of which they now meet in all walks of life. The Chinese Christians are well aware of this power and are anxious when preaching the Gospel far and wide to be able to leave their message behind them in the form of the written Word.

In South China, Canton, and the province of K wangtung, after a long period of civil strife, are feeling the benefits of a more efficient and righteous government. There has been an honest attempt to model the municipality On most approved American lines; in fact, most of the city higher officials are men who have been educated and trained in the best colleges and institutions of America and Europe. Not a few of them are pronounced Christian men. Those who have lived long in China have become so accustomed to the corrupt, incompetent, ha"ppy-go-Iucky way in which the Chinese have for centuries muddled along, that it is a real and gratifying surprise to see things being done with despatch, probity and efficiency. Vice is being restrained, justice administered, and health conditions improved, with the result that the people, as a whole, seem to be prosperous and happy.

Of these favorable conditions, the Christian churches in the city have not failed to take some advantage. At the end of last year there was a combined evangelistic campaign when the principal meetings, about sixty in number, were held in a huge mat-shed tabernacle, built of bamboo and with palm-leaves for the roof. Neither nail, brick, nor mortar were used in the construction. It was 225 feet long by 124 feet wide, and had a seating capacity of 3,600, with standing room for 500 more. On every evening except one there was not a vacant seat; and on several evenings all standing room was occupied, and some could not gain admittance. It is estimated that the total attendance was considerably over 100,000, and resulted in 2,298 decisions for Christ, besides 1,020 more who signed cards for Bible study. All the churches received large accessions of new members, and were greatly encouraged and strengtened. Before and during the campaign, the Bible Societies circulated many thousands of Scripture portions, and at the close there was a considerable demand for Bibles and New Testaments for the new converts and for those who

THE BIBLE AND CHINA'S RENAISSANCE

wished to study the Word. This winter the churches are engaged in an extensive Social Purity Campaign, which it is hoped will accomplish much in elevating the moral tone of the city.

In Central China the year comme:Q.ced with the great famine in the North when thousands died of starvation, and there was little circulation of the Scriptures in the famine area except in connection with relief work. Undoubtedly, however, the service of the missionaries has done much to extend the knowledge of the love of God, and to open doors closed through superstition and prejudice to the Gospel. People are responding and now their famine-stricken souls may be fed.

When war broke out at Weihwei, in Honan Province, the train service was interrupted and from April up to the present time there have been military operations in progress. The Secretary of the Sub-Agency writes: "Weare very favorably situated in Hankow for alarms. Unpaid soldiers' revolts; earthquakes; famines, north or south; children kidnapped; thieves; and the wrecking, at the bund, of a missionary's houseboat; are some of the surprises;we have had this year."

Nevertheless the circulatiop of Scriptures was the. largest in the history of Central China-810,281 volumes-more Ulan double that of the p.receding year. ~ In West China missionaries and their helpers have put forth great efforts in the way of accentuated evangelization of their dis- tricts and this has led to a great demand for gospels. Bible distribution has received much emphasis, and over 20,000 portions have been sold. During the great idol procession that occurs in Suining City every spring over fifteen preachers and workers from all over the Suining District spent ten days in hard work, preaching and selling Scriptures. One student of the Boys' School sold over 2,200 copies in ten days.

The Ch'iang highlanders are a sturdy race of aborigines who live to the west in Szechwan, to whom the American Bible Society first brought the message of Christ. Our native worker, Chen Ping-ling, won these men to Christianity and brought them down to Chengtu for Bible study. They are now about to return to their highland homes as ambassadors of the Cross. Their own religion is a monotheism with a ritual closely resembling that of the Old Testament. At length they realize it has found its fulfilment in Jesus Christ. The opening of Christian effort among this people calls for further effort to reach other untouched parts of West China. They are so vast and so needy that it is appalling to think of them. The marvel of the results of this work can be explained, only by realizing that it is the work of the Holy Spirit of Him who said, "My word shall not return unto me void, but it shall accomplish that which I please, and it shall prosper in the thing whereto I sent it."

FLOURISHTNG LOWER SCHOOL AND DELAPIDATED SCHOOL"HODSE AT SIN C"HOW

Starting a Pioneer School in Korea BY MRS. E. H. MlLJ,ER, SEOUL, CHOSEN Presbyterian BOal'd of F oreign Mis"ions, 1903- .n.ABOUT two weeks before last Christmas, some of the Christian teachers of Chosen Christian College started a school in the near-by village of Sin Chow, where there were no Christians, and where no one in the village could read or write. Parents of the children were anxious to have their children learn, and from the first more children wanted to come than could be accommodated. Yve r epaired a tumble-down house to use as a school, and as there were no college funds that we could use for this purpose, the five families of missionaries at the college dubbed together and engaged and paid the teacher. She is a fine, capable woman, one of my own pupils at the girls' school at Yun Mot Kol in Seoul.

All of the children attend Sunday-school, and some of the parents have begun to attend church services. The whole village is responsive, and may be r eached through the children. If we had adequate quarters we could have a hundred children in attendance.

Never have I seen brighter or better behaved children anywhere. They drink in every word from their teacher'S lips.

We hope to begin a night school soon for the young married women. The teacher says that there are about thirty waiting to begin…… Do you know of anyone who would like to give something for this work1 448

India's Need for Christian

BY REV. BENSON BAKER, MEERUT, INDIA Missionary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1904.- WTISELY or unwisely, a section of the people of India have refused to accept the offers made by the British Government for a larger measure of self-government without entire independence. Gandhi, a real Indian of the Indians, a mystic of the mystics, visionary of the visionaries, secured a most remarkable fol- lowing by his appeals to the finest traits of the Indian people and by preaching"India for the Indians." But many Indians discovered that in following Mr. Gandhi they would not reach the desired goal.

For many years mission work in India has been largely away from European centers, out in the villages among the people. We have been profoundly impressed by the fact that the village people seemed to know nothing aud to care less about the outside world. They scarcely knew by whom they were ruled, and furthermore they were not interested in the matter at all. This condition has changed tremendously in the last few years.

A short time ago in a village in the interior we were approached by an old man who could not read. Probably not more than three or four in his village could read, and yet this old man began to ask us about America, and about democracy. In the farthest village the simple unlettered people are interested in the new day. Whatever the immediate outcome of the present unrest may be, we believe that out of it all there is sure to come a better India.

The first thing that strikes the casual observer in India is illiteracy. One is astonished to find that a scant ten per cent of the people can read. Underlying this are facts about whic~.-we are more concerned. Many a time I have started a village school and for a few days the attendance would be excellent and then the boys would begin to drop off one by one until only perhaps two or three would be left. When we would ask the parents why the boys did not come to school. the father would reply, "If that boy is going to eat, he must work," and it was true. The father was earning such a small pittance that by no possibility could he support the boy in school unless the boy worked and in India one must work hard all day in order to get enough food to sustain life. Before anything much can be done in India, the economic situation must be improved.

In India as in most other countries agriculture is the basis of industry. At least ninety per cent of the people of India are directly concerned with farming. This means that when the rains fail and there is no farm work, there are countless millions of people who can find no employment. Add to this the fact that farming is as primitive 449 3

as it was when Abraham lived and one can see at once where the problem lies.

To meet this need, missionaries seek trained agricultural men to go to India 'and revolutionize farming methods. The Government of India is recognizing what missions are doing along this line and in some places much has already been accomplished. If we can give the Indian a decent plough for his field, if we can show him something of seed selection, rotation of crops, proper fertilization, and then can help him market his crops, much will have been accomplished. Not only is his method crude, he is also at the mercy of the village moneylender. When he wants to plant a crop he must borrow money from the native banker. Most exorbitant rates of interest are charged, sometimes even as high as seventy-five per cent. The missionary can organize groups of farmers into cooperative societies who can borrow money from government banks at a reasonable rate of interest, and these farmers can thus become independent.

Better methods of farming alone will not solve the situation. If India is to avoid famine, there must be some sort of an economic balance, hence the missionary is establishing industrial and manual training schools in which young men and young women are taught trades other than farming, by which they can earn salaries that to them seem to be wonderful.

Shoemakers who work fourteen hours a day in their village homes can earn only enough to sustain their bodies. We can train the sons of these men in modern shoe shops so that in eight hours they can earn three times as much as their fathers earn in fourteen hours. The man not only works less hours and has more food but he is taken out of a dreary round of drudgery and has a little time for self-improvement: No man can advance very far unless he has time to read and to think. A man who works fourteen or sixteen hours a day can not be much interested in the government of the land in which he lives or in anything else outside of his mere existence. The missionary is helping to change all these things.

.aut change in her economic condition alone will not solve India's problems. An illiterate people can never progress very far. It is hard for people in America to understand the difficulties in the way of primary education in India. There is not only the economic barrier but in addition to this there is the difficulty of caste. People of different castes are not willing to attend the same school. The Government has attempted to open primary schools for the depressed classes. In one province the plans were all made, the budget was granted, the course of study laid out, and they asked school teachers to teach these depressed class schools. Everyone of them, being high caste men, said they would giv.e up their positions rather than teach "low caste dogs."

In India dastur, which means "the customs of our forefathers,"

INDIA'S NEED FOR CHRISTIAN EDUCATION

always faces anyone who attempts a refonnation. "Our grand- fathers did so and so, why should we change?" This, together with certain superstitions in connection with religion, makes the intro- duction of primary education very difficult. Then when we remem- ber that there are three times as many folks in India as there are in the United States and that India is only half as big as this country, we realize something of the size of the task that confronts us.

n is also very difficult to create a desire for education. "What's the use of my boy getting an education if it doesn't help him to fill his stomach f" says the ordinary father in India. Such education as they have in India is almost altogether utilitarian. The whole family will scrape and save so that one member can attend school, and then they will expect him to support the whole family for ever afterwards. People in India are very slow to strive to educate their children unless they can see some direct financial benefit from it.

Then we have no normal schools from which to draw teachers, and it is very difficult to solve this problem. It thus becomes a vicious circle-you have no schools because you have no teachers and you have no teachers because you have no schools. One must begin in a small way and train the teachers he wants to use. The missionaries are approaching these problems in a very real way. There was a commission sent out from England and America to study th~ whole question and their report is now in the hands of the missionarlP8 ann every effort is being made to see that at least the Christian youth of India have an education. Without doubt the Christian colleges and high schools in India have been a large factor in bringing to India new and higher ideals. The graduates may not formally accept Christianity but their whole lives have been influenced in a very large measure by the Christian colleges and high schools.

Under the new home rule movement in India, the entire matter of education has been turned over to the Indians. This movement is so recent that we are not able yet to know the outcome, but everyone is hopeful that somehow out of this new movement there will come to the consciousness of India a need for education and that India will be on an entirely new educational basis.

The problem of India's womanhood is age-long. There is no doubt but that a new day has dawned for the wives and daughters of India. A soldier returning from France where he had been wounded was riding on a train in the Panjab was asked what most impressed him in France. He replied, "When I was in the hospital there came into the ward someone wearing a long white robe with a little red cross on her forehead. She waited on me, she dressed my wounds, she read to me and in a thousand ways helped me to bear my pain. I said then, 'When I get back home I am going to see that my wife and daughters have an opportunity such as that woman had.' "

All over India there is the feeling that India can not advance

very far without its womanhood. The influence of Christianity, especially as thc people of India watch the Christian educated woman taking her place in the life of the village, is having a wonderful effect, but it will be a long, hard struggle. The women themselves, living behind the purdah, are slow to adopt these strange new doctrines and customs. It is here that the Christian missionary has opened the way.

The first colleges in India for women were established by missionaries. The Government has now opened medical colleges for women and almost all the students in these medical colleges are Christian women. India needs today a large number of women doctors. When one speaks of doctors in India, he is at once confronted by the awful harvest the Great Reaper gathers in India. The country is almost without sanitation, there is every form of disease, and because of superstition and ancient customs it seems difficult to do anything. The missionaries are attempting to teach sanitation to boys and girls who go through their boarding schools and colleges and give them a definite knowledge of how to face some of these things. The Government is trying to solve the problem but there are many obstacles.

Everyone knows that caste retards India more than anything else. In nothing has the war changed India more than in relation to its caste system. Before the war if a Hindu crossed the "black water," as the ocean is called, it meant that he was an outcast, and when he returned home he had to go through all sorts of degrading ceremonies and pay large sums of money in order to be reinstated. A million soldiers returning from across seas have seen the folly of all this and are laughing at their priests. Street cars and railroads have done much toward breaking down the outward barriers of caste. Reform societies among the Hindus are making a great effort to do away with the caste system. The Brahmans, or priests, alone stand against the new movement but they are losing ground.

All India's great need for the solution of her problems is a trained Indian Christian leadership. If we can train young men and young women in India in large enough numbers, these problems will be very largely solved. Every educated Christian young man who goes out into the life of Illdia, every educated young woman who helps to build a Christian home helps to solve the problems of India. The missionaries plan to have enough village schools to educate every Christian boy and girl. Out of these primary schools will be selected the brightest boys and girls, and these will be sent to centers where they will receive further training in middle schools. Out of these schools will come a large number of the future leaders of India, and from them will be selected the most capable boys and girls who will be sent to high school. Again from the high schools, selected ones will be sent finally to the colleges, and out of these Christian Colleges are to come the men and women who are to help solve the problems of India. Spiritual-minded Christians alone can solve them.

A MODEL NI~GRO VILLAGE TN THE SOl'

Negro Contributions to American Life BY RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK CITY Associate Secretary of the Home Missions Council T HE Negro is an intimate part of our American history. In- creasingly it has become clear that America cannot do without him. He is one of her great assets. He came here early, arriving in Virginia only twelve years after the Cavaliers and one year befo re the Pilgrims landed on the " bleak New England Coast." True, Negroes constitute only eleven or twelve pel' cent of the present population of the naJ,;ion as against nineteen per cent in Revolutionary War times; yet they occupy the largest place they have ever held in American life since the Dutch" Man of W ane" came into Jamestown harbor and sold to the planters "twenty Negars, " three centuries ago.

Despite high sounding phrases of "Africa for the Africans," coiued by Marcus Garvey and men of his ilk, the Negro could not be colonized from America into other lands. Regardless of handicaps, he is better off in America than anywhere else and he is in America to stay.

As a part of the accepted economic system of the so-called civilized countries in the seventeenth and earlier centuries he was the victim of the methods of exploitation of those days and so was first landed in Virginia a slave at a time when even white persons were indentured for periods of service. The 6,000 slaves of Virginia at the beginning of the eighteenth century had multiplied to haH the population of the colony in 1760. The widely extending tobacco culture was the cause of this increase. Production of rice and indigo rose so rapidly in South Carolina that in three decades succeeding 453

1730 slaves outnumbered whites, two to one. With the invention of the cotton gin and the reign of King Cotton the Negro's position in the aristocracy of the South became rapidly, if not permanently, fixed. Only generations of agitation and the most bloody war in the nation's history could change his status from slavery to freedom.

The Negro has a deserved reputation everywhere for personal and domestic service. Moreover, his labor has been a large factor in making and maintaining America. From early days until now in raising fundamental products-cotton, sugar, tobacco and rice- Negro labor has been indispensable to the South. In the nation as a whole Negroes supply one seventh of the workers. They operate a million farms in this land where agriculture must always remain our chief national resource. Forty thousand of the three hundred thousand members of the coal miners' unions are Negroes. One third of the workers in America in iron and steel, as well as a large percentage of the workers in the packing industries, are Negroes. Negroes form one half of the employees in the Chicago stockyards. They are also largely represented in building trades. One tenth of the railway' workers in this country are Negroes. In the manufacturing and mechanical pursuits for the twenty years between 1890 and 1910 Negroes increased 165.3 per cent. It is significant that the Negro has a large place in the basic industries necessary to American civilization; namely, the production of fuel, foodstuffs, materials for machinery and transportation.

Self-denial and thrift are at basis moral qualities and have financial expression in the accumulated economic resources of a country. Among the evidences of these virtues in the Negroes of America are the seventy-eight Negro banks and their capitalization of $100,000,000. The increasing number of successful business concerns financed and run by Negroes bear testimony to their developing powers of organization of their economic life in keeping with the standards of American business. The $20,000,000 of accumulated wealth in 1866 has become $1,500,000,000 in 1920.

In the pages of the world's history it is written that they who work the land eventually own the land. Gradually land ownership is becoming the rule and of the million farms now operated by Negroes, a quarter are owned by them, an area equivalent in size ~o the entire state of Alabama or to the Republic of Ireland. In a single decade the number of owners increased seventeen per cent. In his agricultural and business experience the Negro is, decade by decade, identifying himself with those who really make America great-the self-reliant common people.

Dr. Carter S. Woodson, the Negro historian, has recently made notable contributions to the place of the Negro in America, in his books on "The Education of the Negro Prior to 1861," "A Century of Negro Migration," "A History of the Negro Church," and last

NEGRO CONTRIBUTIONS TO AMERICAN LIFE

of all "The Negro in Our History." The latter book will be even more widely used than the others. It will become a textbook in Negro schools and colleges, a reference book on American history in school and college libraries. In masterly fashion we are led step by step to the complete realization of the fundamental inconsistencies of slavery in a civilization of free men and women.

In a half century of freedom the Negro's achievements have been remarkable. At the commencement season of 1922, five hundred and twenty-three Negroes received the degree of Bachelor of Arts and twenty Masters' degrees, besides the three hundred and thirty-two graduates with professional training including seventy-five lawyers, sixty-one physicians, seventy-three pharmacists, seventy-five dentists and forly-eight ministers.

Negroes have made contribution to American welfare through their own great characters. An informed white man of the South says that Professor Carver of Tuskegee has contributed more scientifically to the agricultural life of the South than any ten white men in the last twenty-five years. No wonder that a committee in Congress sits spellbound in a long session while this Negro scientist explains the varied commercial possibilities of the common peanut.

The Negro's religious nature and generally Christian characteristics of patience, forgiveness and faithfulness make him an asset in American life and entitle him to a "square deal" from his white neighbors.

As a great human, social, religious fact the presence of the Negro has forced America at her best to realize that "a man's a man for a' that." Such appeals the A~nglo-Saxon has been too slow in hearing but he has eventually heard. As an able Negro speaker and writer of the Southland has just said: "I have been much cheered. I have made my appeal to large numbers of Southern white men and women that I trusted them to do what is right and they must not disappoint me. These white men and women brought me assurances that because I was willing to trust them they mean to prove that I have not trusted in vain." The Negro has contributed to America's life through his challenge to greatness {)f soul among white menand women whose lives are cornerstones of American character. The Lincoln Memorial in Washington which stands as an enduring reminder of those whom the Negro has forced into higher realms of American character and the promotion of American ideals.

Said Principal Moton, as spokesman of the Negro race, at the dedication: "The claim of greatness for Abraham Lincoln lies in this, that amid doubt and distrust, against the counselor chosen advisers, in the hour of the nation's utter peril, he put his trust in God and spoke the word that gave freedom to a race, and vindicated the honor or a nation conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal."

Lutheran Missionary

BY REV. GEORGE DRACH, D.D•• BALTIMORE MARYLAND Literature Secretary of the Boa.rd of Foreign Missions T HE United Lutheran Church of America is doing a work which encourages every friend of missions to pray more earnestly and labor more abundantly for the fulfilment of our Lord's great commission. The amount received from all sources during the past two years for foreign missions work is $1,113,840, and the total expenditure $1,304,423. Special gifts received during the biennium, 'V apart from the apportionment amounted to $423,919, over $300,000 of which was contributed by the omen 's Missionary Society. The balance was received from the cooperating Swedish and Danish synods and the Reformation Diamond Jubilee Fund.

There are 176 missionaries, including wives, in the service of the Board in its fields in India, Japan, Liberia, British Guiana and Argentine.· The total increase in the staff since the merger in 1918 is 47.

The war and its aftermath drew all Lutheran Foreign Mission Boards in America closely together in an effort to preserve former German Lutheran Missions. Under the impetus of the National Lutheran Council, a Lutheran Foreign Missions Conference was organized through whose medium relief mp,asures were inaugurated and maintained. Several former German mission fields have been transferred to the temporary or permanent care and control of American Lutheran Boards. The Lutheran Foreign MiSSIons 0onference forms a hopeful bond of union in r·ommon missiorary effort and harmonizes the world-wide missionary interests of the Lutheran Church in America. It is also cultivating close relations between the foreign missionary societies of Europe and America.

One of the encouraging signs of the special foreign mission interest of the Church is the long list of foreign mission pastors supported by individuals and congregations. Thirty-two are supported in India, eleven in Japan and one in South America. In addition, there are 715 proteges in the foreign fields supported by patrons in America contributing from $25 to $500 a year. The Young People's Societies in the United Lutheran Church are sharing in the support of the Sattenapalli district in India as their parish abroad.

The most serious problem of the mission in Japan is financial, and the mission appeals for one million dollars for institutions and station equipment. The comparatively meager sum which the Board is able to furnish enables the mission barely to make headway against the strong, steady current of adverse conditions.

Africa, with its crying needs, makes a strong appeal to the 456 United Lutheran Church. Its mission in Liberia, begun in 1860, is making plans for an advance movement into interior territory, inhabited by Kpeles and allied tribes. A fine hospital building has been erected at Muhhnberg station on the St. Paul River, and a new building is being erected for the girls' school. Doctors and nurses are imperatively needed.

The mission in British Guiana has all the marks of an organized church at New Amsterdam, where a Lutheran congregation has existed for 180 years, and all the characteristics of a mission in its evangelistic and educational work at stations along the Berbice River.

Interest in the Argentine field has been increased during the past two years on account of the vigorous and successful efforts of Dr. and Mrs. E. H. Mueller. Dr. Charles L. Fry, as the Board's special representative among the churches, is undertaking to raise $65,000 for a chapel, school-house and missionary's home in Villa del Parque, a section of Buenos Aires.

Among the Hausas in Tunis BY A. v. LILEY, TUNIS, NORTH AFRICA A Member of the North Afriea Mission A LITTLE colony of Hausas have found their way to Tunis, most of them from countries around Lake Tchad. As Islam permits slavery a great business was carried on by the sale of these people all along the North African coast before the French occupation. Though professing to be Moslems, the Hausas have many heathen rites and ceremonies.

On one of our itinerating days I set out, determined if possible, to visit the people in the little settlement which we had gathered around the tomb of one of their most venerated saints, Sidi Saad. On the way we had many opportunities to speak a word for Christ and to distribute gospels and tracts.

At the "marabout" we found a long building two stories high with a courtyard which led to the dome-shaped tomb. A company of Negroes and Arabs soon gathered around me outsi.de the little cafe and all listened attentively as I read part of the first chapter of John's Gospel. They could not deny that the Lord Jesus Christ is the Word as their own Koran teaches that doctrine. I explained to them how the "Word became flesh" in order that the Lord Jesus might be tempted in all points like as we are yet without sin, that He died and rose again for our justification. No objection was made but many said, "That is the truth."

I was told by one of the leading Negroes that Sidi Saad was taken captive with a number of other Negroes by a Moslem raider.

After crossing the Sudan and Sahara they were eventually brought to Tunisia where Sidi Saad was sold to an Arab who lived near Tunis.

One day, Sidi Saad was sent out with a pair of bullocks and a plough to plough a certain field but wishing to give himself up to holy meditation in the shade of a tree, he set the two bullocks going and they went on ploughing the field alone. A man passing by the field, stopped to inquire what this unheard of thing meant. He saw Sidi Saad in holy meditation and understood at once all this was done by the power of the "Marabout." He went to his master, related what he had seen, and said, "How is it you send this holy man to plough ~" Sidi Saad's master immediately went to the holy man and explained that he did not know who he was and at once gave him his liberty. Sidi Saad went to his. room and was found dead next morning. There was great mourning for the holy man and a "koubba" or sepulchre was built over his remains. This has become a center of veneration, often visited by pilgrims, especially those in distress. Every year the Negroes hold a semi-heathenish orgy around the "koubba" in honor of Sidi Saad. After a procession of flying banners, beating of drums, shouting, clapping of hands and burning of incense, a young bullock is brought near the "marabout. " The" outh-dou" or ablutions are performed on it in the same way that a man would perform his ablutions before prayer, followed by many incantations. The sheikh takes a knife, cuts the animal's throat and allows it to run free. If the animal runs in the direction of Mecca that is a sign that the year will be one of blessing, if not it indicates misfortune. The people however, stand around the animal so that the only way for it to run is in the direction of Mecca. The bullock is skinned, dressed, the flesh cooked and given to the poor, if there is any left after the sheikh and his friends have helped themselves.

. Sidi Saad is still thought to have such power that no one will dare to swear to a lie over his grave withont being overtaken by some fearful catastrophe. My informer told me j;hat a man who had been robbed came and poured out his complaint over Sidi Saad's grave. That night Sidi Saad told him who the thieves were and where he would find his stolen cattle. The thieves were glad to give them up after having heard of the revelation made by Sidi Saad.

One day during a fete at the grave of Sidi Saad, an Arab woman placed her ear-rings and other jewels in a handkerchief by her side. While her attention was attracted by the singers and dancers, the handkerchief and its contents were stolen. She invoked the aid of Sidi Saad and that night the sheikh was informed in a dream that a certain woman was the thief. He found the woman on her knees unable to rise or touch the handkerchief which was in front of her. This waS another example of Sidi Saad's power.

AMONG THE HAUSAS IN 'rums

MR. LILEY EXPLAINING THE CHRISTIAN SCRIPTURES AT THE GRAVE OF SIDI SAAD. NORTH AFRICA Si Hadj A, tbe man wbo told me this, informed me that he was born at Gourbout "somewhere in Nigeria." He was a leading young man in their heathenish rite called "bourri" though professing to be a Moslem. Si Hadj A, with many otbers, were taken prisoners and sold as slaves by the bey of 'rripoli. He passed from one slave owner to another until he was bought by an Egyptian. His master was present one evening when the Mausas were going through their "bourri" performance, and after much drum beating, shouting, and dancing, the "djinns" (spirits) took possession of Si Hadj A who in the moment of ecstasy told his master that he would perform the pilgrimage to Mecca that year. It came to pass as Si Hadj A had said and on their return his master gave the slave his liberty.

Si Hadj A acknowledged that it was wrong for Moslems to war against Moslems in order to get captives and then to sell them as slaves since before God we are all equal. But the minds of these Hausas seem as dark as their skins, for while professing to be Moslems they are as heathenish and superstitious as the natives on tbe Congo. Islam does not change the hearts of the people or raise them from their heathenish inclinations. Here in the very center of so-called Moslem light and learning area people as dark and as ignorant as any heathen. Only the Light of the WorId, Jesus Christ, will awaken them to godlikeness.

L'Herisson, the Apostle of

BY REV. CHARLES S. DETWEILER Supt. for Latin America; American Baptist Home Mission Society T HE life of Nosirel L 'Herisson of J acmel, Haiti, is one of the marvels of modern missions. Long before his birth, the Eng- lish Baptists determined to establish a mission in Haiti and selected the town of Jacmel on the south coast as their station. Today it has a population of only 12,000. In 1845, when the first missionary landed, it probably had no more than 5,000 inhabitants. A succession of missionaries maintained the station until 1885, when it was turned over to the Jamaica Baptist Missionary Society. This Society sent two missionaries to J acmel for short periods, but since 1895, Nosirel L 'Herisson has been in charge.

Born in 1856 of Roman Catholic parents, of mixed Haitian and French ancestry, he was in early life destined for the priesthood and sent to Paris to complete his education. In the broader horizon of the French capital he decided to be an artist. His father gave a reluctant consent, and for a while supported him while he studied painting in the Paris salons. Finally he insisted on a business career for his son and young L 'Herisson took a mercantile position in Liverpool where he continued his education for two years in an English environment.

Early in the eighties he was back in Haiti, gradually becoming embroiled in the stormy political life of that struggling republic. His father was cast into prison and an epidemic of smallpox carried him off while he was still in jail. The son carried on the business and the political interests of his father until he was forced to flee to Jamaica where he began to turn his thoughts towa.rd religion for consolation.

A turn in the political wheel made it possible for him to return to his native land, and in gratitude to God he promised to paint a picture for the Roman Catholic church. For his subject he chose Christ at the well with the Samaritan woman.. While he was at work on this picture a young Protestant Christian came to him for lessons in drawing. He took advantage of the opportunity to ask the young man if he could find out from his Bible at what hour the Saviour talked to the Samaritan woman, as he wanted the lights and shadows of the picture to be correct. The young man loaned him a Bible and told him to read it for himself. L'Herisson commenced to read the Bible and found springing from it a. new joy in his heart. One day he discovered the commandments in Exodus 20, and was brought to a sudden stop. Here he was engaged in a task condenmed by God's law, painting a picture that was to be hung in tl1e church for people to worship. At once he took his brush to destroy the painting, when 460 his young Protestant pupil detained him. "Don't spoil it. Give it to me." So the picture was preserved in his pupil's home. From that day he gave up Romanism. He became attached to a young doctor, who had gone into atheism. The two commenced to study the Bible together, and through their study became converted without attending a Protestant service. Then they proposed to go to the Baptist chapel to hear the preaching. The pastor, Mr. Papingouth, the last missionary to be sent to Jacmel by the British Society, met them as they entered and gave them seats. From that day they continued in regular attendance.

They were baptized December 22, 1885. That night when L 'Herisson returned home and told his wife of the step he had taken, she would not believe it, until he told her to feel his hair which was still wet. She was so angry that she left home, but after her anger had cooled she came back. Though openly she resisted him when he tried to tell her of his faith, in secret she commenced to read the Bible and finally she was brave enough to follow her husband's example.

When converted he was a distiller of rum and official interpreter in the customs house. A.t once he began to go about with the missionary and to preach in the country. God called him to give up his business and go into the ministry. Finally after a long struggle he gave up his business, content to live on his scant earnings as an interpreter. That was in 1895; and shortly thereafter the missionary from Jamaica was compelled to leave, and the full responsibility of the work fell upon L'Herisson.

How well he has discharged his trust let the following record declare. The present membership of the church in J acmel is 809, with 187 names on their list of candidates for baptism. There is a still larger following of some 2,000 professing believers, who because of the desperate nature of their entangled domestic relations, growing out of the times of their ignorance, cannot be admitted to church membership. There is a yet larger number of adherents and attendants. The greater part of these members, believers, and adherents live in the country and are ministered to through fifteen out-stations. Nine of these out-stations have their own chapels, of which five have been built within the last five years. Two chapels are now in process of building. When we consider that the daily wage of a laboring man is twenty cents, we can appreciate the consecration involved in the collection of funds for these chapels. They are built of stone, collected and prepared by the unpaid labor of the members. The plans in each case are drawn by Pastor L 'Herisson. It is his aim to have a day school for each out-station and already there are ten such schools in addition to the two schools in connection with the town church. In these country schools the parents are expected to pay as they are able, and the charges range from nothing in some cases up to fifty cents per month per pupil. In addition to the minimum wage

of $4.00 to $5.00 per month paid to the teacher by the pastor, he re- ceives the amounts collected from the children, and consequently the teacher winning more pupils is rewarded by larger earnings. All of these accounts as well as the accounts of church funds are carefully inspected on each visit.

We recently accompanied Pastor L 'Herisson on a visit to one of these out-stations on a Sunday morning. After a toilsome horse-back ride of two hours and a half, along a narrow trail, crossing and re- crossing a mountain stream many times, we came to a large stone chapel, seating as we thought about 500 people. The service began shortly after nine 0 'clock and lasted till eleven 0 'clock. By actual count there were more than 700 present, crowded into a dense mass, with the one aisle almost obliterated. The first row of young people sat with their knees against the pUlpit. It was a sight never to be forgotten to look down upon that sea of reverent, upturned faces. There were no audible responses from the audience. When the service was ended, the people quietly dispersed, as if under the spell of the sacred occasion. Most of the congregation carried their own chairs to and from the meeting.

After the service there followed the long ride back to J acmel through the heat and dust of mid-day. Then after a brief rest came the evening sermon in the town chapel. This is the way Pastor L'Herisson spends most of his Sundays, visiting a different outstation each week. A corps of volunteer leaders maintains all services in his absence, and some of the deacons in the Jacmel church help him in visiting and superintending the work of each station. And this is the work of a man now sixty-five years old!

For this large work his sole support from outside has been a grant of £120 per year from the .Jamaica Baptist Missionary Society, and a grant of $1,000 per year for his school work from the Lott Carey Foreign Mission Convention of American Negroes. He writes no stirring accounts of this work to interest friends of missions in other lands. Unostentatiously he goes about his daily work, and walks with God.

Pastor L 'Herisson has planned a training school to receive the more promising of the children when they are through their course in the country stations. He has seen the danger elsewhere from ministers trained as a professional caste, out of sympathy with the lowly life of the rural laborers. He showed us a small farm of about ten acres on the outskirts of .Jacmel, which he hopes to purchase, and where the young people can largely support themselves from the soil while they are getting book learning.

Since, by agreements among the different denominations, Baptists have been assigned a large responsibility for Haiti, the American Baptist Home Mission Society is planning to extend its operations in the, West Indies to embrace this needy and inviting field.

BY MRs. E. C. CRONK, 844 DREXEL BUILDING

ONE WAY OF LIFTING UP YOUR EYES AND LOOKING ON THE FIELDS N OTWITHSTANDING the fact that modern methods of travel have brought all lands of earth close together, comparatively few people make world tours. The vast majority who would lift up their eyes and look, must have earth's harvest fields brought within the range of their home-staying vision. A Missionary Exhibit offers one of the best opportunities for visualizing. world-wide missions to the people who stay at home. The exhibit may be given by a single church or by a group! of churches. In some cities all of the churches have cooperated in preparing a week's exhibit program. The Young People's Societies in a number of, towns have arranged a World Friendship Week with the various features of exhibit each in charge of an organization.

THE WORLD IN ONE CHURCH ferent types of work. Members of The Congregational Church of East different organizations helped to col- Weymouth, Massachusetts, introduced lect and arrange the material, with its members and friends to the world the result that those who prepared the in its church, for four days in Feb- exhibit, as well as those who come to ruary. :More than one hundred and see it, were interested and instructed.

fifty persons worked together to pre- The Negro Work sent the mission work of the Boards to about 1,500 people who came to was presented under four divisions: see the exhibit. The following facts (a) The Negro in America, (b) The about this exhibit are taken from Negro in Slavery, (c) The Negro The Congregationalist. Freed, Cd) The Negro Educated. Young men of the Christian Endeavor The Beginning built the models of the church, The exhibit program opened on schoolhouse, and bed displayed on Sunday with special services in the the table at the left of the picture.

auditorium of the church. Sixteen Pictures of mission schools and pupils large banners hung from beams, ar- were hung on black screens around ranged on either side of the aisle to the room, and articles of interest were form a lane, at one end of which hung placed on six tables.

an illuminated American flag. There India Booth were missionary addresses at both morning and evening services. Mission pictures and pictures illus- Exhibits in Church Rooms trating the customs and life of India were hung on screens. Curios were In church parlors and other rooms borrowed from missionaries and dis- of the church were classified exhibits played on table. Statuary, vases and of various mission fields., and of dif- mats were borrowed locally. The 463

THE MtsSICJNA.R'Y RliNIEW OF THE WORLD [SUnl'

women of the church built and dec- red paper and printed Chinese charorated the India booth and attended acters arollnd the sides. An unusual it. They wore costumes of India and display of dolls, each typifying life gave information about India as they and customs of the Chinese, can be served delicacies peculiar to the seen on the table at the left. The country. Chinese phonetic script posters hang in a row against the wall. A large The Turkish Booth collection of curios of China were loaned by the Woman's Board. At The Near East Relief loaned some the booth, "Chinese" women served unusually delicate handwork of refu- Chinese te.a. The picture display of gees from Armenia. The Red Cross mission work is shown on the screen also sent a large and varied collection at the extreme left. of material from the Washington Museum of the Society for display. Sand Table Studie. Dolls dressed in costumes of the country were loaued by the Near East One room in the church was de- Relief. The medal in the center of the voted to the sand table studies of forpicture was one presented for bravery eign villageR, and to the display of by Sultan Hamid. The Mohammedan sixty large colored, framed pictures prayer rug on the floor, the Persian of mission work such as hang on the rug on the wall and saddle bags were wall. In the sand table work the comloaned by a dealer in Oriental rugs. mittee utilized the sand table in the A young woman artist of the church Primary Department and four other drew the large hanging at the right tables constructed for this purpol>e. in addition to the picture of the local Ordinary tables with low wooden sides chureh in the circle. The mission were covered with common sand sifted work of the American Board was told fine. The American Board loaned the in pictures on the screens at the ex- large framed pictures with booklets treme left. The women in Turkish describing thc pictures, giving an accostumes served Turkish coffee, 10- pount of the story of each. Very imkoum (Turkish paste) and paklava pressive and appropriate were the (Armenian pastry). strips nailed upon the sand tables reading: ,. Go ye therefore and make The Japanese Booth disciples of all nations, teaching them to observe all things what Roever I 'I.'he .Tapanese booth has a sloping have commanded you." thatched roof. In addition to the material loaned by missionaries there Plays and Tableaux were shawls, vases, frames, etc., loaned by people locally. Pictures on the were given with good results. A screen not shown in the photograph John Eliot Tahleau showed John told the story of mission work. Eliot surrounded by seven IndiauR, representing the seven praying vil- The African Exhibit lages which he visited every week. The names of the villages were printed While no booth was ~rected for the on cards hanging above the heads of African display, the pommittee had the seven Indians. In one part of the largest and best collection of ma- the tableau Eliot was shown transterials to show. .A returned mission- lating the Bible. Later he was seen ary from Africa attended the exhibit preaching to the Indians. The story and talked about missionary work to of the Board's missionary work the many visitors to the booth and among the Indians was told in diaexplained the curios. logue. Further information was given by one of the home mission The Chinese Booth secretaries, and by the exhibition of handwork done by pupils in an Indian The women built the booth in the school. .A number of other tableaux form of an arch and covered it with

1923J BES'f METHODS

were shown. On the second evening hospital as a missionary from .Africa the work of the Foreign Board was spoke of the practices of the witch presented. Five young men were doctor and the need for Christian seated around a haystack as a reader hospitals. at the desk told the story of the work of the Board beginning with the A zenana scene from India and a fa m 0 U s Haystack Prayer-Meeting. Hindu shrine were used as the basis The African work was presented by a of presentation of India'8 needs and tableau showing an African witch the work being done there. The exdoctor contrasted with a Christian hibit closed with the presentation of the pageant, Tasks and Talents. 4

How It Was Done exhibit. A missionary program was Rev. K. A. Handanian, pastor of presented each evening. The campaign for benevolences folthe church in which this exhibit was lowed the exhibit and missionary .given, tells how it was done. education was further extended by the gift of a year's subscription to a mis- Exhibit (lommittees were organized sionary magazine to the contributorn who wished to have it. as follows: aGsseinsetaranlt,Cocmomrriettsepe~nwdiinthg chairman, secretary, treasurer, Home Mission Committees on Pictures, and Hand Opportunity of State and County Fair Work. Foreign Mission committees :lVIany State and County Fairs have on Curios and Pictures. Then there an educational building. Few of wSaenre~ cToamblm~itEtxe~eisboitn,BOoroitehnst,aTl aSbulpeapuexr; the~ have ~v~r had a missionary edu- MUSIC, Lightlllg, and Publicity. catIon exhIbIt. The Federation of Most of the work was assigned to Women's Missionary Societies, the organized groups in church and Sun- State 01' County Sunday School Asso- day-school. The Friendship Class ciation or any other association of built and attended to the booths. A evangelical churches might plan such King's Daughters' Circle arranged an exh~bit. Let the background be for the Oriental Supper; the Chris- a ShOWlllg of the entire missionary tian Endeavor girls gave the pageant; work of the county or state as a whole.

the boys of the Baraca class built the A large map of the world may be diss~rine, an~ other organizations pro- played with names of missionaries of VIded varIOUS features. Curios and the various cooperating churches who pictures were obtained from Board have gone from the county orChsatartte~ and their IO(lation, indicated. offices and from various other sources. may show number of missionaries, A large lantern transparency showed fields and total contributions. several hundred lantern slide pictures In addition to the general exhibit, arranged on a glass frame. churches may make individual ex- The Near East Relief loaned a splendid collection of handwork done hibits of their missionary work and by refugees, and dolls and models of ~ethods of work. Bootl).s represent- people of the Near East. The Amer- mg work in various mission stations ican Red Cross at Washington, D. C., may be arranged. Frequently fur- has an interesting traveling collection loughed missionaries may be available of Near East curios which were bor- for several days to explain to visitors rowed. A dealer in Oriental rugs the articles of interest and to empha- fru:nished a collection of prayer rugs, size the importance of the work. If.

qhlllese rugs, saddle bags, and Per- no missionaries farroemwvitahriinourseacchh~rcmhiess- sionary leadern SIan rugs. A music house loaned can do this. Entries of handwork of rTeucrokridssh,oAf rfaobrieci,gJnaspoannges~ in Chinese Armenian' children of different grades may be and American Indian. The Nationai made, including villages of many Geographic Society of Washington lands. Exhibits of dolls of different sent a large collection of its colored countries are always sure to draw a pictures of foreign countries. crowd of interested visitors. Tab- leaux, and short demonstrations of The sand table villages were made missionary methods are full of possifrom patterns obtained from the Pil- bility. Missionary literature should grim Press. Letters were sent out to be provided in abundance for sale and members of the church asking for the for free distribution. If the exhibit loan of curios and other articles of is in charge of earnest men and interest. The number offered was so women and young people who are on great that the committee had to make the lookout for opportunity they will a selection' of those best fitted to the find it here.

BEST METHODS

AN ANNUAL MISSIONARY EX- dren's Division Exhibit one of the best that has been presented in HIBIT America.

Many churches have a policy of mis- Mrs. Myron '1'. Settle, in The sionary education which includes an Church School, explains some of the annual missionary exhibit which, in- careful planning which made its stead of being hurriedly prepared is success : wrought out during an entire year of work. Such an exhibit should have Source of ~hibit lIaterials many features of a general character but should center around the year's Several months before the Convenspecial theme for mission study. tion date, the International Associa- There should be the map.s and charts tion invited the Kansas City schools showing location of mission stations, to accept the responsibility for the and presenting facts and figures of entire display of local school exhibits the work in general and of the gifts in order to lessen quantity and avoid of the congregation. Booths or sec- duplication. State and Association tions may be devoted to the presenta- material was sent from state and intion of work in various fields. The ternational headquarters, and this was Home Mission Theme for the coming hung in a room devoted to just that year is "Saving America Through subject, and was a source of interest Her Girls and Boys." The Foreign to many who were studying district, Mission Subject is Japan. Begin to county and state promotion programs. plan now for an exhibit to go along States and territories were listed as with your study. Charts of child life contributing valuable displays. and child possibility offer matchless opportunity. Facts may be gathered Methods of Assembling the Exhibit about institutions for children, laws affecting childhood, the Church and The Chairman of the Exhibit Comthe children, and other phases of the mittee, who had accepted her position subject. about ten months before the Conven- tion date, spent about six months A Japanese exhibit is full of pos- studying the possibilities of the exsibility. .Have all the organizations hibit and the probabilities of realizing of the church that are studying Japan her aims. Four months in advance help to make it. The children can committee members were selected, all make Japanese villages. The older from the faculty and membership of girls and boys will add the charts and the Kansas City Graded Union of posters, and everybody can help make Children's Division Workers, an orbooths and decorate them with pic- ganization of about one hundred and tures and curios gathered during the fifty members meeting weekly year. If girls and boys and men and throughout the school year. The comwomen know months in advance that mittee included about four persons they are to be in charge of certain working in, or familiar with, each features they will study Japanese life department of the Children's Diviand customs more carefully and be sion. Its first duty was a study of on the lookout for interesting ma- the conditions to be met by exhibitors. terials. Every section of an exhibit should be in charge of custodians who Conditions to be Met not only take care of their section, but also give information concern- One of the sources of favorable coming it. ment during the display was the uni- formity and harmony in appearance A NATIONAL EXlImIT of all work entered. The effectiveness of the entire exhibit, composed as it Visitors to the Kansas City Con- was of great masses of differing mavention of the International Sunday terials, was due to the rules laid out School Association declared the Chil- in advance and understood by every

superintendent who eontemplated as- were some of almost every possible sisting the plan. It may, therefore, method of construction, those illusbe helpful to enumerate briefly the trated by large colored magazine picpoints covered in the Bulletin printed tures, with effective phrase or slogan and issued in March: -the kind everybody, even without artistic talent, can make; those made 1. Material must be educationally up to of cuttings from the effective crepe standard (censored by the local committee, papers now on the market; those of and by Mrs. M. J. Baldwin of the Inter· torn paper, after the plan used in national staff). many kin dergartens; silhouettes, both black and white, and others in color 2. Material must be on uniform card combinations; as well as the original mounts. (Size and sOurce of supply indi- drawing or painting possible only cated. The Oommittee had made arrange- where special talent is available. In ments with the local kindergarten supply the first three departments, the inhouse to carry needed matter.) terest in every case centered in the picture; in the Junior Department 3. Material must be made up with only greater importance was attached to one general subject to a card, that all dis· the word-message and the picture beplays might be bung under classined sub· came more a means of catching and j ects ; that is, one birthday calendar, one holding the attention until the mesillnstrated lesson, etc., to a card. sage could be assimilated.

4. All cards entered must carry a uni- The objects or models included some form label, hand·lettered,supplied by the very interesting features-a synacommittee at a nominal cost fGr material gogue, made of light wood, painted only. and sanded; a peasant home, similar- ly made; a plan of the temple drawn 5. All exhibits entered must be fresh by a junior boy with his father's comaterial (that is, not worn, though not operation; a case of Bible books, necessarily entirely new) and brGught flat, wooden blocks of differing thickness, not rolled, to the headquarters building on appropriately painted and lettered, the date specified. made by junior boys under their manual training teacher's direction; 6. AU lll1iterial was returnable after the a whole collection of interesting card- Convention, if called for by the exhibitGr. board dolls, jointed with paper fasten- Material not claimed became the property ers and dressed attractively, to be sent of the City Association for future educa· to the sick child; baskets of many tional use. sizes and shapes to carry home special messages, and missionary scenes in Kinds of Material relief and in miniature.

The March Bulletin listed the kinds The entire four room exhibit came of material desired for the big ex- from one hundred and twelve departhibit and a survey showed at least a ments of forty-eight schools and insmall amount of each kind called for. cluded almost one thousand pieces. It The classification follows: was visited by a large percentage of Children's Division delegates, as well Posters–Special Day, Seasonal, Lesson as by many other interested church- Illustration, Bible, Story, Hymn Illustra· school workers. No one can estimate tion, Missionary, 'l'emperance, Patriotic, the far-reaching influence of the mes- Department and Class Activities, Birth- sages carried away from the Exhibit day, etc, as a whole, and all who inspected the work expressed themselves as greatly BookletiJ–Of variGus kinds made by in· impressed by the enthusiasm and dividualB or by groups. service of the Kansas City schools and the committee in charge. Objects-Models and industrial handwork, week-day activities; maps, both flat and relief.

Handbooks–Both the publishers' books filled out by pupils and Griginal notebooks.

Miseellaneou,,–,Ineluding attendance rec· ords, lesson or story lWlldwork, .special day souvenirs, pre-sessiGn activities, and gifts for sick and shut·in children. Small ob· jects were mounted in groups on large card mouuts.

Points of Special Interest One point of special interest was the large number of original birthday calendars. Among the posters entered

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QU"INLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK INTERRAOIAL OOOPERATION BY volunteer service, but soon the Amer- WOMEN ican Government realized the value of man-power and that the War was By MRS. DAISY McLAIN BUI,KLEY not to be a white man's struggle but The mission .tudy of the year has given many a human struggle, and Negro men torn~;o ;;:~~~ 1~n~~~1~~~d J~g::~;l~~s 'r~~t !~l~ were conscripted. From every section ~~~~t~~ct~n~~~~n~r~n~';;;::I:.,~di;~~f!O~rft:,t~ of the country was heard the S. O. S.

by Mrs. Bulkley. Field Secretary "I the W"man's cry: "Women get together; our boys must be kept warm and their ~~~~h~i~~~nai~Y h~';,;~liY'a M~~~?:'i:~~w~PI~Z&;~ speaker.–Editor.

Probably as far back in the history morale strengthened." In every town of the United States as the advent of every section Negro women re- of the first Negro slave-women there sponded and made hundreds of were individual cases where white sweaters and bandages. Red Cross women felt and dared to reveal an auxiliaries were organized among attitude of pity and sympathy for the Negro women and they took the Negro woman. They felt the wrongs course in First Aid nursing wherever of involuntary servituu'd ami sought given opportunity.

to express this kindly feeling by giv- How quickly Red Cross auxiliaries ing sufficient food and clothing. In of white women responded when in- some communities Bible talks were formation came that a group of 801given to teach humility to the slave. diers would Pa:>s through a town at As a race, Southern white women have a certain hour! They were there with always felt that the bringing of the steaming coffee and sandwiches.

Negro slave to America was mission- Somehow, however, the women usually ary work. The slave, however, was expected white boys and were someconsidered a means to an end, only, times perceptibly disappointed when and valued simply as a servant. the faces of happy, laughing, black When the Negro race entered into boys shone from the windows of the citizenship it was hard for the white incoming train, and all because we woman to see the Negro woman in her think too much in terms of race and true relation to society, to recognize not enough in terms of humanity. her economic value, her value as wife, NegrO' women, although responding as mother, as a real factor in the com- to every call, frequently went with munity. The white woman was tied misgivings because there was not al- to her unfortunate traditions. NO'rth- ready a bond O'f sympathy and they ern philanthropists, sent out by the did not know how the white women various churches made a different ap- would approach them; at the same praisal of the new citizens which, in time white women were trying to find time, changed the perspective of an approach that, to their minds, Southern white women although their would be suitable for Negro women. traditions and public sentiments kept Negro women were frequently ad- them passive with but few individual dressed as "You people" and some exceptions. In times of flood or other particular Negro woman was desig- disaster wherein both groups suffered nated as "You with the pink dress white women have always sought to on."

relieve the sufferers regardless of race The World War extended and in- or color. tensified the interest of women in The Vorld 'War gave the impetus women. for interracial cooperation. Negro The Commission. on Interracial men were denied the privilege of Cooperation was one of the by-prO'- 469

ducts of the war and in many sections ieal, moral and spiritual me of the of America are to be found these in- employed increases the efficiency of terracial groups. The existence of their service. White women are conthese organizations is a protest against scious of the part Negro women must present conditions. play in any effort to adjust condi- tions which distress the hearts of all How can Negro women and white lovers of right and justice and women cooperate in a community? threaten the welfare of our nation. The ways are legion if the attitude is White women should know the phys- Christian. There must be the mind ical conditions which surround Negro that 8e~s human relations as one, and women and individually and in groups not the race mind or group mind. emphasize "clean 1tp" and see that What a happy slogan this: "All that real estate men "patch up" and are human interested in everything "paint up" until the physiological that is human. " In all religious, eco- and psychological effects are seen. nomic, and social organizations there Negro women are frequently ashamed must be sympathy, patience, tolera- of the huts in which they live but tion. A local or national problem re- have no power to change the hearts solves itself into a human, and there- of men who think only in terms of fore, an individual problem. The dollars and cents. The Negro woman trouble between the Negro and white is the projector of her group life and races is identical with the trouble be- America wants better citizens; better tween two individuals of any race who living conditions are a step in that dido not understand each other. It is rection. See to it that Negro commy belief that nothing short of tbe munities are not made dumping application of the principles of Jesus grounds for the refuse of the town. Christ will meet the need in interracial cooperation. "Love thy neigh- Several years ago the late Booker bor as thyself" is an all-powerful T. Washington advocated a "National command. Many suggestions have Negro Health Week" to precede been made and many programs tried. Easter. The suggestion was heralded All have failed and the world, writh- far and wide by ministers, school ing in agony, is still waiting for the teachers and other race leaders, and remedy. Women, are we equal to the this "Health Week" or "Clean Up task' Will we fail Him? Week" is annually observed. In some sections of the South Civic Leagues There is no wealth of substance or offer prizes at certain seasons of the happiness without life. Every ques- year for the best looking or best kept tion involving human life is vital to yard. womankind. In every section of America is this life, white and black. White women should take the initi- Our problem, then, is to give this ative in regulating working hours. A life every opportunity for growth, race leader has well said that Negro development and self-expression. Life women know to work but few have is the divine element in human exist- been trained and therefore few know ('nce. We must keep before us the how to WlYT'k, how to get results and sacredness of life and realize that save energy, how to mix brain with what is necessary to bring the indi- brawn, how to make provision for vidual life into full fruition is also recreation. necessary to the group life for, as Browning says, "A people is but the Economic responsibility results in attempt of many to rise to the com- prolonged absence of Negro women pleter life of one." from the home causing neglect of their children. Child Welfare agencies The most intimate contaet between should be established in cooperation the women of the two races is in do- with Negro churches and Federated mestic service and white women must Clubs of Negro women. These latter realize that improvement in the phys- are already rendering invaluable

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

service through advocacy of Day interest T If a water-main had been Nurseries; playgrounds, recreation lo<!ated in the next block the mopey centers, probation officers, reform collected at the prayer-meeting might schools and home and school visita- have gone for missions_ Vigilant tion. white women could avert such trage- When Negro women lack initiative, dies .. mothers' clubs should be organized A Day of Prayer called to urge and lectures given on the causes and prevention of diseases and the treat- obedience to law would give wholement of infectious and contagious dis- some contact between white and eases. Clinics and dispensaries should Negro folk, especially when sentiment be open to Negro people. Visiting runs high and a criminal is in dannurses wherever practicable, and es- ger of mob violence. A silent parade pecially when diseases become epi- of white and black women with their demic, would be helpful. White and Negro women should come together he8;l'ts lifted to God would change, for the purpose of discussing subjects as It were, the demons in hell to say which vitally concern all mothers and nothing of dispersing a mob,' saving thus help to decrease friction, to remove distrust and suspicion, and to a soul and giving a criminal a chance lay the foundation for a sympathetic before the law. relation. The harvest season gives oppor- Frequently Negro citizens are not tunity for interracial contact. Negro given lights and water even when and white might, together, count comtheir payment of taxes entitles them mon blessings and lift voices in praise to such modern improvements. Often to the Giver of all good and perfect their homes are destroyed by fire be- gifts. cause there are no water-mains in The Day of Prayer for Missions their vicinity. A few Sundays ago should bring the two groups of women in a Mississippi town, during the together, at which time world condimorning service at which the writer tions and world needs could be emphawas giving an address on Home Mis- sized and the principles' of Christian sions, the parsonage, a new bunga- stewardship stressed, the stewardship low representing the pride and sacri- of property, prayer and personality. fice of a struggling people, burned to The Lenten season, which comthe ground because there were no memorates the sufferings of Christ to water-mains in that section of the redeem a lost world, giving us the pertown. Negro and white people witnessed the tragedy and finally, when fect example of unselfish sacrifice and the sorrowing members of the church self-surrender, should bring Negro started home, heavy-hearted because of the payment then due on the house and white women into close fellowand because their pastor's family was ship, to renew their vows to go forth now homeless, a white man said to help redeem a lost world through "Well, the show is over." That afternoon white citizens in their unselfish service. prayer service subscribed one hundred The water-main in the Mississippi and twenty-five dollars to help the town was too far away and therefore sufferers. Why does charity appeal the house burned; the hose was too to us more than justice? Is it a short and folks were made homeless. "show" to see the people of any group But the great main of love flowing made homeless 1 Is it Christian to allow them to be made liabilities be- through the liveS' of Christian women cause the ml.micipal government lacks will correct these physical conditions. The spirit of the Christ will give the right approach to any task and supply the dynamic for interracial coopera- tion North or South, East or West.

((There is d'estiny that makes us sisters· None goes hi.s way alone; , All that we send into the lives of other~ Comes back into our own." EditOl'ial Committee: MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY, ALICE M. KYI,E, GERTRUDE SCHULTZ A FEDERATION OF THE CHRIS- amount of voluntary service to tho TIAN WOMEN OF THE WORLD education .of women in missions, com- Iii It Desirable and Possible? munity service, temperance, etc. S.o Christian women throughout the Among the matters discussed at the wDrld might well be strengthened by meeting of the Executive Committee connection with the Christian women of the Federation held in New York, Mareh 29, in which much interest was of other nations. expressed is the possibility of a fed- Prolessor Jacks in his remarkable eration of the Christian womlln of the world. There are many international article in the February Atlantic organizations of women. In India llfonthly, "A League of Nations or A there is a Trades Union of 500,000 League of Government," regards a women, many of them illiterate, b~t political league, even if desirable, imeager to express themselves on thIS possible to secure, and suggests a important qu.estion. There are other league of religion. We believe that international federated movements, beyond and above all human agencies but thus far there has never been any we need Divine help and a vast c.ompossibility of the Christian women of pany of Christian women through inthe world uniting with one voice to telligent cooperation might bring a ask for what all women want. Vittle new day for the world. Can we not groups of Christian women are scattered throughout the nations, often- establish a fellowship among the natimes weak and almost alone, without tions thrDugh womanly means and means or power of expression. Would methDds depending on Christian eduit be po..-;sible to federate in a very catiDn and literature, prayer and simple way all these groups in order Bible stuuy, with better acquaintance to be of mutual benefit~ Some of which will honor Christ T the lines of cooperation are obvious. The following extracts from the The following statement has been "Inquiry" give a suggestion of the sent to the various international and national Christian organizations of idea as it was discussed in the Fedwomen. It is open for diseussion and eration. No action whatever has been since we believe that only God through taken. There is no desire to secure a our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ can save the world today in its des- great over-head organization entailing perate need we would seek His guid- expense and effort not needed, but rather a simple joining together .of agencies that already exist lor more effective service through intelligent cooperation.

ance through united prayer and ex- Inquiry Concerning a Federation of pression along the lines suggested and the Christian Women of the World others which might well take their I. Reasons for the Proposa,l.

place in any Christian program. 1. Today as never before the women of There is no thought of a divisive the whole world ancl the world as a movement between men and women. whole are facing national and inter- The Church of Christ is the one great organization for the evangelization of national crises. the world. Women have found, how- 2. There is an awakening consciousness ever, need of organizations in which they may develop initiative and ex- among the women of the world that pression and have given an immense needs guidance and direction. Five hundred th(}usand women of India are mganized in a trades union. 3. Oondition. pertaining to the home, the family, the Church and t~ social and 472 educational welfare, industrial and II. Objectives. economic problems that never have '£he general objectives of such a. World been nor ever can be met until women Federation might be: are prepared by an int.elligent compre· hension of their significance from a 1. To work together for the coming of Christian standpoint based on the only the Kingdom of our Lord and Saviour, adequate program-the spirit and Jesus Christ, and to glorify Him, teachin gs of Christ. through the united efforts of Christian 4. The many movements which have been women along the lines of common orgauized by men and women for po' effort. litical, economic, industrial and social betterment and for peaee and the in· 2. To stress our common Christian ideals. creasing nnmber of international or· ganizations being formed by women J. To emphasize nnity rather than djf· along similar lines, each of which ferences. emphasizes in the main only one seg· To present a united program of prayer ment of the great problellls of the and Bible study. day, snch as (1) An international labor group; 5. To further the propagation of the (2) An international W. C. T. U.; faith· (0) An international Y. W. O. A. Stu· a. Through the Church in all its rela- tionships; dent Federation; (4) An international College Federa· b. Through the home and Christian training of children; tion; (5) A new international organization c. Throngh needed reforms in every country along the Jines of temper- called the Friends of Peace and ance, marriage and divorce, eeo· Freedom. nonUc and industrial justice, social (Ii) International Suffrage League. and nlOral issues such as decent amusements, literature, art, dress; Why Not a Federation o~ Christian child welfare and protection, phys- Women of the World? ically, spiritually and morally; Is it not time for all the Christian forces d. To make the Christian women of of the wOlllanhood of the world to nnite~ the world acquainted with each other Does not our trnest and highest and fullest in a great world sisterhood, all Christian and missionary program include striving for the same ends. all these objectives and others and provide spiritual forces which would bring a perma- 6. Perhaps the greatest service the Chrisnent solution of t.he world's problems' tian women of the world could render in the present crisis is to stand to- Have not our great missionary organiza- gether firmly for peace on earth, good tions of women, with their vast investment will among nation8, a determined opof millions of dollars and thousands of position to war as the method of lives ill Christian internationalism, prepared settling difficulties. Tennyson prophus to consider these allied questions which esied a "Parliament of Men, the may possibly decide the continnance of mis· Federation of the World." A Parliasionary work in its present form W ment of "Vomen may be needed to securt} the Parliament of Men.. We are today using largely the same methods, the same phraseology that we' used 7. Tbis would be a 'flOn-politicaZ organizafive decfLdes ago. Should we not translate tion but would accomplish its ends these into activities and terms which women through the Christian appeal, throngh today r,an understand' Recent discussions wide publicity, Christian literature, in China and at the Foreign Missions Can· educational institutions and would deference and present-day thinking in Japan pend largely for success on the coand India, lead us to believe that we must operation of Federations of Church meet the Churches of other nations in a Women's Boards who have made posspirit of equality rather than of patronage. sible these groups of Christian women all over the world" gronps often sep- We believe, too, that the wider view would arated and alone in the midst of oppos· attract many women not now interested in ing or unsympathetic forces of evil. what they consider the narrower forms of What would not such a World Feitera- Christinn service represented by our Foreign Han do to strengthen and encourage Missionary Sodetie.. In the recent cam- these isolated groups f paign for the Women's Christian Colleges Should not the united voices of the of the Orient, many women not before in- Christ.ian women of the world be heard terested in missions responded to the appeal on all these important issues T We are with enthusiasm, giving la.rge sums of getting- united expression from smaller money because of the international emphasis, groups not always working on the not realizing that this edncational work is highest plane. Could we no,t, by bringan integral part and result of our mission- ing togethe·r in a loosely federated ary program into which God led our mothers body all Christian women 0:1' the world, jjfty years ago_ honor Christ and aid mightily in bringing about His will on earth'

WOMEN AND PROHIBITION Women's Liberty League, to bring back wine and beer. At the same meeting of the Executive Committee of the Federation of The Committee deprecates this strongly Women's Foreign Missionary Socie- organized propaganda in certain Ioealities ties the following resolution was on the part of special interests, which is unanimously adopted and has been being forwarded by women, and wishes to sent to all ·Women's Foreign Mission Boards. It has gone, also, to the call the attention of Christian women of the Council of Vomen for Home Missions, land to the insidious dangers involved. asking for favorable action. The determined propaganda of the liquor The specious plea presented by this propamen, strengthened by a strong organi- ganda is that we will prevent law-breaking zation of women, must be met by by the legalization of the mannfacture of every Christian organization. The wine and beer. plea for light wine and beer is a specious one. It is through these alco- The Committee believes the arguments of holic drinks that our youth may be these propagandists are fallacious and that led astray. It is for the women of any modification of the VOlstead Act would the country to rise on behalf of the bring back the saloon with its attending entire world for the enforcement of evils, wonld increase the dangers for young our prohibition laws and for safeguarding against modification or re- people by creating an appetite for alcohol, peal. Weare dealing with a power- and instead of decreasing would further the ful and deadly foe but we have right illegal sale of intoxicants. on our side and the pronllses of God which are stronger than the evil Therefore, the Committee urges the Womforees at work. an's Boards to give full publicity to the wealth of facts aud arguments available If everyone who reads this will and to stimulate their constituency to arouse take action in her own community and church and send such action to the an intelligent sense of the responsibility state legislature and national con- resting on Christian women in this great gressman public opinion will be felt. moral issue. We are not yet safe but the Christian women of this country can Reliable information may be secured from the Temperance Departments of many quietly and effectively protect our church boards and from the Anti-Saloon own nation and other nations from League headquarters in each State. We this deadly evil. would especially recommend that all Chris- tian women read: Resolution (a) The speech of September 22, 1922, The Executive Committee of the Federa· by Senator Morris Sheppard, pubtion of Woman's Boards of Foreigu Mis- lished in The Congressiontil Record sions of North America at its quarterly of that date. meeting, March 29, 1923, had brought to its attention a petition to Congress, being circu- (b) The pamphlet, "Hold Fast, Amerlated by the Anti-Volstead League and the ica," which is the result of the in- vestigation of Gifford Gordon, of Australia, on the operation of proM- bition in the United States.

(e) The special article in The Outwok (New .York City), of March 21, 1923, entitled, "Three Years of Prohibi- tion." While the advocates of light wines and beers make a claim for personal liberty, the Christian women of the land should empha- size the responsibility for the home and future generations, not only in America, but in foreign lan!1s. Appeals have come from the so-called non-Christian lands urging the Church to realize that the failure of prohi- bition in America will intensify their diffi- culties and greatly delay their progress.

Great Sayings of Missionary Leader.

"God wants your obedience, not your patrona.ge." "We arB leading a crusade, not to take a sepulchre, but to take a world." "To have what we want is riches, bnt to be able to do without is power." "We must preach or perish, teach or tarnish, evangelize or fossilize." , , A man rna! be a blot or a blessing, but a blank he cannot be." "Only conSIstent giving keeps the soul from shrinking." , 'Doing nothing for others is the undoing of one's self." "He is likest to Christ who, like Him, holds all the world in his heart."

fROM ,MANY

AFRICA American education. They came in Facts About Abyssinia furtherance of the king's progressive THE United Presbyterian Church program for promoting industry and has now been carrying on medical modern thought. Dr. Lambie desired and other types of missionary work in also to obtain a typewriter equipped Abyssinia for four years. In July, with 245 Abyssinian characters, and 1919, an entranee was made at the in- to negotiate for farm and other mavitation of Dedjaz Biru, ruler of west- chinery.

ern Abyssinia, and since that time Tracts for Moslems work has been undertaken at three stations, Sayo, Gore and Adis Ababa. MISS 1. LILIAS TROTTER writes from Algiers to the Secretary of Abyssinia is an independent monarchy, ruled over by Ras Tafari, about the American Christian Literature Soas large as France and Germany combined. The capital, Adis Ababa, has ciety for Moslems: a population of 100,000. The population of the entire country is about 12,- "The tracts for French·speaking native 000,000. About 2,000,000 of the popu- lads, for which your Society's most kind lation is Coptic Christian, about 8,- help gave the impetus last spring are printed. 000,000 is pantheistic pagan, and the I hear they are eagerly received at our out· remaining 2,000,000 people are anim- stations; and here in Algiers they have en· ists belonging to the slave class. The abled us to start two fresh methods of cirmajority of the people live scattered culation- one by posting up a copy of a over the country or in small villages fresh one each week in a frame at the door of our Book Depot, telling the passersby and live by tilling the soil. They raise that for the weeK it can be had gratis within corn, potatoes, wheat, barley, peas and -the other that on Sunday morning we beans. They also raise a goodly quan- keep back the little band of convert men tity of cotton, from which the women after the service and get each to take a few spin and the men weave a coarse fab- for distribution of the same story during ric worn by the people. Great herds the ensuing days. Being a series makes a of cattle are raised, also the short- good opportunity for both these new dehair, fat-tail sheep. The Amharic is partures and we shall hope after to continue the written and official language, the same with our old stock. Algiers is a town where a great stream of natives from the whole land pours in and out continually and literature sold or distributed here reaches the recesses of the mountains and far into the desert."

though only a small proportion of the Developm.ent in Ashanti A people can read and write. The Galla VERY successful work is being carried on by English Wesleyans is spoken by the vast majority of the people. on the Gold Coast. Between 1913 and 1922 the number of baptized Chris- What Abyssinia Seeks tians in Ashanti has increased from DR. THOMAS LAMBIE, a United 32,000 to 105,000-an advance at the Presbyterian missionary, has re- rate of many thousands a year. The cently been in the United States on a expansion of the work called for the variety of errands. In the first place, foundation of a new Training College, he was entrusted with the education of and the Governor of the Gold Coast three sons of the king, Ras Tafari, of Colony made a special journey of 200 Abyssinia, successor to King Menelik, miles to lay the foundation stone. His who entered Muskingum College at Excellency commended the labors of New Concord, Ohio, to receive an the Mission, and bore testimony to its 475

readiness to carry through necessary land the question of divorce is by no work. The days when missions were means simple. And in West Africa, considered a "nuisance" has long where British officials have had to since passed, and today governors are draw up a code of laws which shall prepared to acknowledge publicly regulate marriage and divorce for a their work for the benclit of the people people chiefly pagan, yet emerging among whom they labor. into Christianity; and where the mis- sionaries have to work with Africans Training EvangeUsts in framing church rules and giving MRS. T. A. HOBGOOD, writing in decisions and advice in the light of World Call, says of conditions in Christian principles, government reg- Lotumbe, Africa: "Our evangelists ulations, present conditions, and past are a fine lot of men but we have been customs; it is no slight achievement unable to give them the proper train- that order is being evolved out of ing. Our great need is a real training chaos, and that all Christian menschool. We are keeping the evangel- Africans, missionaries, and governists in now for a month's strenuous ment officials-are striving together school work. Just imagine me with in hearty cooperation to purify social about eighty men, most of them older life. "

than I, trying to teach them to handle Africa Inland Mission aright the Word of Truth. It seems rather tremendous when I think of it, THIS mission, founded by Rev. but I remember how little chance they Charles E. Hurlburt about twentvhave had and how long they have bee; in darkness and the opportunities I five years ago, now conducts missiol~;; have had. I enjoy the work and they in ten stations in Kenya Colony, Britare such good listeners and so eager to ish E,ast Africa, in three stations iii learn. Mr. Hobgood has them in the Tanganyika Colony, and in twentymorning and I have them at night. " two stations in the' Congo BeIge. It has 192 missionaries, of whom 161 are American and the remainder British.

Christians and Polygamy Their receipts for last year amounted to $149,000, of which a little over 11 COMMENTING on a report from per cent was used for home expense~. Rev. Mr. Pakenham on polygamy as a present-day problem in Nigeria, The headquarters are in Brooklyn, the C.M.S. Ret,ieUJ points out how ex- New York, where the mission main· perience has justified the famous de- tains a missionary home for mission. cision of the C.M.S. in 1856, sanction- aries on furlough. It is located at ~4J ing the baptism of the wives of po,ly- Henry Street. gamists, but refusing it to the polygamist himself till he put away all but The reports from Africa show large one wife. opportunities and e'ncouraging reRults. The baptisms last year numbered :157, "The most experienced and most the catechumens 2,157, the native earnest Africans have always been the teachers and evangelists 437, and foremost in their contention for a church members 1,428. There are also strict adherence to monogamy … and 2,590 children in day schools.

every African missionary can tell Governhig Khama's People some story of how, when a case of discipline has arisen upon a moral issue, AN EDITORIAL writer in the the Africans present have caused sur- South Afriwn Outlook comments prise by taking a stronger line than as follows on present govermental CQI'- the Europeans. " Judged by results ditions in Bechuanaland : the policy adopted by the Committee " The body of Chief Khama has has been marvelously successful, es- hardly been allowed to grow cold be- pecially considering the complexity of fore cries have arisen over the spoils the marriage problem. Even in Eng- that the anticipated removal of the

NEWS FROM MA:NY LANDS

protectorate form of government and in three centers in or near the city of the merging of the territory in the Sidon, about 1,200 up on the hill in the Union will lay open in what is called former mission property, 700 girls developing the country. But the pro- down by the seashore and about 300 tectorate has not yet been done away babies in the new palace. " with. On that point the imperial authorities have- a responsibility to the First Moslem Graduate Bechuana people that they must discharge, at the cost of their honor if ONE of the Presbyterian missionthey fail. The Union Government is aries in Tripoli writes: " Our certainly not the body with which great joy last year in the Tripoli Khama treated. It is a new entity, relationship with which opens up en- Girls' School was in giving our first tirely new questions. Weo do not doubt that union of all the elements of South diploma to a Moslem girl. Great was Afril}a is what we should ultimately look forward to and work for in the t.he stir it made in the Moslem cominterests of aU; but we are not sat- munity, and fortunately a favorable is:lied that the day has arrived when the Union of South Africa, not to say stir. It bappened that the particular the elements at ,present outside of it, is ready for all-embracing union. At girl who received the diploma was unany rate, should a question of the continuance of the proteoctorate form of usually brilliant, as well as a member government in their territory be raised, the Bechuana people them- of a prominent family and gifted with selves, as much as the Basuto people, must be consulted, and must be car- great personal charm, so that we have ried with the Horne Government in any decision taken." reason to be proud in every way.

MOSLEM LANDS From now on we expect to have at A Palace for an Orphanage least one girl in every class from her REV. S. D. JESSUP, of the Syria sect. We have no students more inter- Mission of the Presbyterian Board, who is now engaged in the ested, earnest, and promising than our work of the Near East Relief, wrote Moslem girls. If not one of them from Sidon, Syria, early in April: " The Near East Relief is at present should ever make a profession of negotiating for the rental of a fine large palace belonging to one of the Christianity, they will nevertheless Druse princes, which stands on a hill just outside the city of Sidon. This change the life of the community in Druse prince died less than a year ago and his heirs prefer the life and which they live, and their daughters gayety of Beirut to a quiet place like Sidon, and so do not care to live in will have greater opportunities and this beautiful palace, which explains why we may be able to get it with its happier homes, as well as great surrounding gardens for a small nominal rental. Our plan is to use it as liberty. " . an ophanage for Armenian babies, of whom we have about 300. When "Being Puni.hedt' these children get down here, we shall have in all over 2,000 orphan children AN EXPERIENCED American worker in Turkey, who has had charge of a Near East relief orphan- age, wrote when she reached a Mediterranean port, with "the fifteenth and last caravan" of Armenian and Greek orphans which she had brought from a station, 250 miles inland: "I have never in my whole experience in the Near East witnessed such human sorrow, distress and death. We were marching through the historic gates of Ci,Jicia in the Taurus Mountains when I saw a long thin column of people coming toward us. AiJ they came closer I saw there were a thousand in the line. Ninety- five per cent were women and chil- dren, the remainder old men. A soli- tary mounted Turkish soldier rode in the middle of the column. In answer

to my questions my Turkish guide al- Several persons were arrested near most startled me with the information Jerusalem on the occasion of an that they were from Smyrna and were .Arab procession in celebration of the being deported to Cresarea. ' They "Nabi Moussa" (the prophet Moses), are being punished,' he said, 'for ex- in which Zionism was hooted and cesses committed by Greek soldiers cheers given for Kemal Pasha. "Palagainst our people.' They had walked estine is our own country," "Down from Smyrna, 500 miles away. They with Zionism!" and "Long live Mushad been on the road two months, a tapha!" were some of the shouts of column of agony. There were three the marchers. On account of the prothousand in the column when they cession Jews were prohibited from apstarted. Groups had at intervals been proaching the "wailing wall" for diverted to other roads and many prayers during the Passover, as has weaker ones had died by the road- been the custom of Palestinian Jews side. " through the ages. The denial of this privilege, never before refused, has An Opening in Shiraz created great indigination among the Jews. F OR many years medical mission- aries of the Church Missionary So- Value of Mesopotamia ciety in Persia have wished to enter Shiraz, a former station of the So- REV. S. M. ZWEMER, D.D., sees ciety, though never a medical mission. in Mesopotamia today "the key- Shiraz is an important commercial stone of the ar.ch" of Moslem missions. center in southern Persia, with a In that region, where not only did population of about 60,000, ever .Abraham hear God's call but in which associated in missionary thought Islam arose, plans for future work are with the name of Henry Martyn. now being made in cooperation by the By an agreement just concluded Southern Presbyterian Church, the between the Indo-European Tele- Northern Presbyterian Church, the graph Department of the India Reformed Church in the United Office and the C. M. S., the med- States, and the United Presbyterian ical missionaries of the Society are Church. In this connection, Dr. appointed to attend the members Zwemer calls attention to the resoof the Indo-European Telegraph De- lution passed at the Pan-Presbypartment staff and their families, and terian Council, Western section, held it thus becomes possible for the So- at Toronto: "Resolved, That the W estciety not only to enter Shiraz, but to ern Section of the .Alliance in session take charge of the free dispensary, at· '1,'oronto has been gratified to learn hitherto carried on under the auspices of a proposal for the establishment of of the Indo-European Telegraph De- a Mission in Mesopotamia, under the partment in that town. joint auspices of some of the Churches Moslems Persecute Jews of the .Alliance. The delegates to the supreme judicatories of all our A CCORDING to a newspaper re- Churches appointed at this meeting are requested to bring this enterprise .tl. port, coming through the Jewish to their attention, with our cordial commendation of it as a fitting expres- Telegraphic .Agency, early in .April, sion of our common life and of the scores of Jews have been killed in al- spirit of Christian unity that binds us most uninterrupted warfare launched together, and as designed to meet one against them by the Moslems of Ye- of the most urgent needs now existing men, southwestern .Arabia. Many in any part of the non-Christian Jews, in order to escape death, have world." nominally accepted Mohammedanism and many Jewish children have been seized and received the alternative of death or conversion.

~l!lWS PROM MA,NY LANDS

INDIA way j that is to say, he will, in a way, hold the position of traveling Mahant, MbaioJUI and Social Reform and whe1'l it may become necessary will serve in the Ashram as instructor MR. K. NATARAJAN, editor of and religious teacher, and take a part the Indian Social Reformer, has in counsel. Padre Wa'z Sahib (of a strong position of leadership. His Clarkabad, Lahore District), is enremarks, therefore, at a meeting of the trusted with the clerical and miscel- Mid-India Missionary Association will laneous work, so all correspondence have a wide influence. He said that, about the Ashram should be addressed though he was not a Christian in the to him.-Record of Christian Work. sense that we consider ourselves Christians, he would have to say that if in Native Guides tor Masses the management of Indian affairs those from the West who served India THE mass movements among the Inin other spheres adopted the attitude dian outcastes are still in progress, Of the missionary and worked as co- and the Indian churches are realizing operators with India and with In- their duty in connection with them. dians rather than insisting upon In- For example, in Haiderabad the chairdians cooperating with them, a few man of a Methodist district reports foreigners, nearly all the perplexities "4,500 baptisms. Many thousands of the Indian problem would disap- waiting." Indians are proving thempear. He readily gave utterance to a selves ready to accept the resposibility conviction that the status and prestige of taking charge of these new Chrisof Christian missionaries in India tians, who require very careful tendnever stood higher than it does today. ing. It is vain to expect missionaries He suggested that the American mis- to be always at hand to undertake all sionary can take the lead in pushing expanding work of this description, the Indian prohibition movement; in and it is a cause for deep thankfulness fighting for the removal of prostitu- that in India there are now in connection; in caring for the outcastes and tion with all the mission churches, dedestitute; in elevating and emanci- voted ministers who are prepared to pating the depressed classes; in com- lead their fellow-countrymen in wormunity service, where Christians and ship and teach them the truth in Jesus non-Christians, men and women inter- Christ. Very few who have not folested in social and humanitarian work, lowed closely missionary work realize can meet together, live together, and the great changes that have occurred thus practically demonstrate the en- during the last ten years. tire compatibility of Christian with national ideals. CHINA The "Kri.t Ashram" Activities of Brigands SADHU SUNDAR SINGH has had VARIOUS reports have appeared in mind for some time the estab- in recent months of the looting of lishm€'Ilt of an Ashram (a religious Chinese cities by brigand bands. This place of abode), as a part of his great has involved the China Inland Misideal of developing Christianity in sion in serious property losses, and in India along purely Indian lines Pre- addition typhoons and floods have liminary steps have now been taken in eaused CDnsiderable destruction. of this direction, and the name Krist property. Jnmes Stark, secretary of Ashram has been adopted for the insti- the C. I. M. Council in Shanghai, tution. Sadhu Sundar Singh has writes of a telegram from Philaagreed to take part in the Ashram, but delphia, annOlIDcing a special gift of as his path of service does not admit $7,500 gold for rebuilding destroyed of his staying in one place, he declined mission property, which came just as the position of resident Mahant, but the Council was discussing its inadepromised to help in every possible quate financial resources to meet this

TIlE MTSSIOXAUY REVIEW OF THE WORLD r·June

serious need. Another letter from ing or eating of this harmful drug" Mr. Stark savs: "Lawlessness still and requested the National Christian prevails thro~ghout the provinces, Council to appoint a committee to making traveling impossible in some deal with this matter. Sir Francis districts and preventing the giving of Aglen, of the Customs Service, has necessary oversight to many of our suggested that the opium trade in outstations. The inactivity of the pro- China be relegalized, in order to gain vincial authorities encourages brig- control of it. This suggestion has not andage, and there is need of continued met with much approval. The Chinese prayer that such steps may be taken Recorder points out that legalization as shall restore order and secure pro- of social evils, no matter with how tection for the suffering people." worthy a motive, has always resulted in their expansion. The Board of Di- Training Chinese Leaders rectors of the International Anti- Opium Association in Peking, after REALIZING that the greatest deliberate consideration announces the need of the Chinese Church is conviction that "legalization besides trained leaders, the missionary forces being retrograde in character would on the field-Presbyterian, Congre- seriously endanger the welfare of the gational, United Brethren, Methodist Chinese people.' '-Chinese Recorder. and Anglican-American, English, Colonial and Chinese have united in General Feng's Army the support of the Canton Union Theological College, of which Rev. J. REV. E. STANLEY JONES, of Stewart Kunkle is President. In India, who accompanied Shereighteen years this institution has wood Eddy on his recent tour in prepared eighty men for the Christian China, writes in The Chrigtian Advoministry. Some of them are in the cate: "The greatest thing I saw in large churches of Canton, Hong Kong China was the Christian army of and Shanghai. Already they have General Feng. I would gladly have raised the standard of preaching in come all the way from India to meet South China. "They make the work the man. Truly he is a great man of us al1 more difficult," was the way and a great Christian and has the one old preacher put it. "He preaches most remarkable army in the world. like that every Sunday," said a mis- It is certainly the cleanest. He has sionary of one of these graduates to 20,000 men in his army and as far as a visitor who had heard what seemed anyone knows not one man smokes, to him a remarkable sermon. One of drinks, gambles, loots or has a venethese young preachers is leader of real disease. This is certainly the Slilldliy-school work in Canton. An- most Christian army since Cromwell's other is secretary of evangelistic work time and I think it is far more Chrisfor the city, enlisting all the Chris- tian than Cromwell's. We had meettian forces in a united effort to reach ings each morning with his officers that great city with the gospel mes- and at 7: 30 a. m. there would be a sage. One campaign resulted in 3,000 thousand officers out, every man keen decisions. and nearly ali, from the generals down, taking notes. They would re- Shall Opium Be Legalized1 spond by applause at the most spir- itual things you could say. In the V ARIOUS approaches are being midst of all this moral earnestness made to China's great problem of and spirituality there is a tremendous the reappearance of the opium evil. discipline. There was no idleness any- The National Christian Conference in wherE'. General Feng was the one May, 1922, called upon "all the man at the mention of whose name churches and missions to do whatever we could get applause from nonthey can to help create a strong pub- Christian audiences. The people belic sentiment against the selling, smok-

NEWS F'ROM MA;NY LANDS

lieve in him as an unselfish man in very organization and officials estabthe midst of so much 'squeeze' and lished to prevent traffic in opium are public Joot. Nine thousand of his offil. themselves secretly encouraging if eers and men have become Christians not promoting the trade. The followfUld there are many hundreds more ing two proofs of government comon the waiting list." plicity in the opium traffic are cite<i by the North China Herald, Januar'y- Christian Chinese Club Woman 13, 1923.

MRS. AU BEN, an energetic Chris- On the 20th of September at 6 a. IIi., tian, the wife of the late man- officers reported that a boat had arager of The Sincere Co., Shanghai, rived at Changsha with 60 odd loads who maintains an industrial school of opinm. Examiners with their atwith a silk filature and who is much tendants went on board to ins.pect, interested in bettering industrial con- but only found a few members of the ditions in China, sent a letter to the creW. They asked them from where Shanghai Chinese Woman's Club they had come, what cargo they had stating that she had received many and what permits. Suddenly a letters from different associations of soldier appeared and leveling his rifle, women silk-workers complaining that ordered the examiners to leave. They their hours of labor were too long (14 immediately left the boat having seen hours), that part of the work, dip- nothing on board except certain ping their hands into boiling water, leather boxes, which probably were was very painful; and that the system full of opium. of making deductions from their wages against possible future absences On October 18th, Mr. Roberts, secwas a great hardship. retary of the Famine Relief Com- mittee, was on the road between Mrs. Au Ben confessed that alone Siangtan and Siangsiang (where the she could do little but with the en- Relief Committee are building a motor dorsement of the different women's road). He came across a dozen or organizations she felt that much could morc soldiers escorting 80 loads of be accomplished and she asked the opium. Ten Ii further on he came Shanghai Woman's Club to endorse aaross 120 more loads, also escorted her letter to the Manager of the SHk by soldiers. Next morning, he came Guild, requesting that the leaders in across yet a few more. Each time, this industry take steps to remedy the the ,loads were labeled for the" Chang present conditions. This letter was Chi Company." The coolies all said approved by the Club, with the addi- the opium was going to Changsha en tional statement that the Club stood route for Hankow. for the principles enunciated by the National Christian Conference of More Boxer Indemnity Plans China and by the Chambers of Commerce of Peking and Tientsin, name- THE March Review stated that the ly: No child under 12 allowed to British Government had notified work in factories; one day's rest in China of its decision to apply the seven: safeguarding of health by balance of the Boxer indemnity funds equipping machines with safety de- to "purposes mutually beneficial to' vices, proper hours and sanitary con- both countries. " Word now comes ditions. from Japan that generous-mindecI Japanese believe the island kingdom Opium OfBcially Protected should pursue a similar policy, and a measure having this in view has been ALTHOUGH the Hunan provincial introduced into the diet. Its passage constitution declares that those is reported to be virtually assured. who use opium shall be deprived of Like the American and British plans, their vote, it is patent to the least the Japanese propose to use the reobservant onlooker in Hunan that the mitted funds for educational pur- 5

poses. There is considerable specula- dents to the Christian faith at one tion as to just what Great Britain will time must profoundly affect the spirit ask China to do with the remitted of the entire university. Mr. Kanafunds. It is known that British mis- mori will be remembered as the man sionaries are in close touch with the who preaches the three-hour sermon. situation in the British foreign office, When in America, he had already and their influence undoubtedly will preached this sermon to over 300,000 carry much weight in any decision persons, of whom about 50,000 had that is made. If it is decided to es- indicated a purpose to accept Christ tablish only one educational institu- as their Saviour. Mr. Kanamori felt tion, it is not improbable that Han- quite sure that Japan can and should kow, 600 miles up the Yangtze River, be evangelized in this generation. will be selected as its site. New Business Conditious Gift to Y. W. c. A. in China MERLE DA.VIES, until recently a TWO American organizations have social worker of the Y. M. C. A.. been invited by China to Tsingtao, in Japan, points out that the revoluformerly occupied by Japan and re- tionary change that is coming in stored to China by the Peace Confer- Japanese life through the industrial ence. These are the Young Men's and factory system is revealed in a .new the Young Women's Christian Asso- vocabulary of social and industrial ciations. Tsingtao was originally term.s that has appeared. He says that owned by Germany. The formal invi- "Many of the- words~ are taken bodily tation comes through the Shantung from English to express ideas that are Rehabilitation Committee, which has not common in Japanese thought, for taken over the occupied territory. example, 'efficiency test,' 'survey,' Sites for the new work are included in 'clinic,' 'settlement,' 'welfare work,' the offer. The National Committee of 'infant mortality,' 'birth-rate,' 'turnthe Y. W. C. A.. in China maintains over, ' 'industrial democracy,' 'strike,' on its large staff sixty-one Chinese 'labor union,' 'sabotage.''' Another women aJ.ready trained for leadership sign of the new day is the new place among their own people. Nearly taken by women in business and in 10,000 young Chinese girls have al- public life. Mrs. Hiraoka, the banker, ready become members. These include and Mrs. Yajima, the teacher and rethe rich girls who arrive in their former, have been followed by a great limousines for classes; girls working company. The business offices are full twelve to fourteen hours daily in fac- of girl clerks and stenographers. tories and the often illiterate, wistful little Chinese maidens married before Japan and the Vatican their girlhood has well begun. THE foreign office in Tokyo is ask- JAPAN-CHOSEN • ing the Government for an appro- priation of Yen 114,000 to send and Many Students Baptized maintain a Japanese diplomat at the Vatican. Opposition to this proposal AREMA.RKA.BLE evangelistic cam- was launched by 3,000 Buddhist paign has recently been con- priests early in January in the preducted in the Doshisha University at fecture of Horashima. This opposi- tion has since extended to every part Kyoto, Japan, by Rev. Paul Kana- of the Japanese empire.

mori. During a single week of preach- Despite the popular outcry the ing 227 Japanese students professed foreign office recently issued a long statement putting forth its side of the conversion and were baptized on Feb- case and asserting that the bill apruary 4th by Mr. Kanamori. The propriating expenses· for such an en- voy will be pushed at the present Doshisha University was founded by Neesima, a Japanese convert who was educated in the United States. The accession of this large number of stu-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

session of the Diet. The statement come to the seminary one month each points out that there will be no re- year for intensive training in methods.

ligious connection between Tokyo and and for the remaining eleven months Rome, that whereas but 14 nations of each year are to be trained by cor- were represented at the Vatican in respondence courses taken in the 1914, this number has increased now dozen or so Sunday-school books now to 27 and that many of the nations being published in Korea. The Chris- so represented are not primarily tian Literature Society of Korea pub- Catholic countries, that it is necessary lishes a bimonthly Sunday-school from a diplomatic point of view to magazine for the teaching of meth- establish as many important contacts ods.-The Continent.

as possible, and that it affords one more chance for Japan to make her- NORTH AMERICA self and her aims known to the wDrld, Kor.ean Church in New York T that it is not the first time diplomatic HE first Korean church was dedi- cated in New York, on Sunday, recognition has been accorded the Holy See by Japan although never April 22nd, by Bishop Herbert W dch before has there been an exchange of of Seoul, Korea. The Koreans in the permanent representatives, that the city of New York, who are mostly stuenvoy who comes to Japan from RDme dents and merchants, have held church will not propagate his religion but service in connection with the Madison leave that in the hands of the mis- Avenue M. E. Church for some time. sionaries as at present and that in no This organization has grown until it way is it a slight to the religions of has a membership of sixty out of the Japan nor will Japanese Catholics be less than a hundred Koreans in the forced to submit to Papal taxation. city. The time came when it seemed The widespread opposition to this pro- wise for the Koreans to have a church posal for official recognition indicated center of their own. It is called the how deeply the whole matter is af- Korean Church and Institute of New fecting the ,Japanese people. Doubt- York City. Property was secured by less it is looked upon as a dangerous the New York City Missionary So- step by the whole Buddhist Church ciety, at 459 West Twenty-first Street, as well as others. opposite the campus of the General Theological Seminary of the Prot- Religious Education in Korea estant Episcopal Church. Under the AN embryonic Sunday-school Asso- direction of the native Korean pastor, ciation executive committee was the Rev. C. S. Lim, this property has organized in Korea about 1909. This year a more complete organization has been renovated and adapted for relibeen effected with a committee of gious services and a social center. By thirty-three, thirteen from the Korean a very fortunate circumstance, Bishop General Assembly, eight from the two Wel('h, whose episcopal area includes Methodist conferences and two mis- Korea, was present in New York and sionaries from each of the six cooper- dedicated this new property.-Ckris- tian Advoc,ate.

ating missions. Religious education courses of various sorts are being in- The Huguenots and Walloons N troduc-ed into the theological seminaryEW YORK CITY is to celebrate in April, 1924, the three-hunat Pyenggang. In addition, a plan has been made to have each of the nine- dredth anniversary of its founding, teen presbyteries of the country elect and one of the bodies that will take one man, either elder or pastor, who part in the ceremonies is the Hugue- will become its Sunday-school expert, not-Walloon New Netherland Tercen- either receiving a salary for that work tenary Commission, which has been or doing it along with his own parish organized by the Federal Councilor work. These nineteen men are to Churches to see that the occasion is

fittingly observed. The churches are missionary literature. A shirtmaker, specially desirol1.<; that the religious living across from the Mission, was significance of the settlement should caught by one of his customers reading not be overlooked and have designated a Bible, which he had received from the last Sunday in April, 1924, for the Mission. 'fhe customer immespecial services commemorating the diately canceled his order, and has landing of the Huguenot and Walloon seen to it that this man is losing his pilgrims under the auspices of the trade. When the Devil is opposing, Dutch West India Company. it is a proof that God is working."

Consent to serve as honorary presi- -AUiance Weekly. dents of the commission has been secured from President Harding, Queen Presbyterian Board Reorganized Wilhelmina of Holland, King Albert of Belgium and President Poincare of F OLLOWING the vote in May, 1922 France. In accepting honorary chair- of the General Assembly of the manship of the Commission President Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A., Harding wrote as follows: to consolidate the sixteen boards and agencies of the church into four " It is with much gratification that I have major boards, the Board of Foreign received your notification regarding the Missions was reorganized in April. forthcoming tercentenary celebration of the The new board is a merger of the forsettling of the Huguenot-Walloons in Amer- mer Board of Foreign Missions, the ica, and of my own selection as an honorary Woman's Board and the Committee president of the Commission which is ar- on Work in Europe of the Presbyranging for the observance. I have the terian Church. One of the new feagreater pleasure in aecepting this most tures will be a Publicity Department, honorable position b!'cRuse of my deep ap- and of this a woman and a man will preciation of the contribution, of this splen- be in charge. The former Women '8 did people to the founding, the development Board will be represented in the perand the present state of our common sonnel of the Treasury Department. country.' , The Young People's Department, the Home-Base Department and the Can- For Jews in New York didate Department will each have a woman as well as a man as secretary. THE Christian and Missionary Al- liance is carrying on work for Jews The Rev. Dr. George Alexander who not only in Jerusalem, but in that is seve-nty-nine years old, and who for other Jewish center, New York City. fourteen years has been President of Since August last, Rev. J. R. Lewek, the old board, was elected President a Hebrew Christian, who has had of the new board. The two vicetwenty-five years' experience among presidents are James M. Speers and his people in Chicago, has been at Miss Margaret Hodge, formerly head work in a well-equipped building in of the "Voman's Board. the Bronx. He reports: "The gospel services F'riday night and Sunday An I:mportant Merger afternoon and night have been well attended by the Jewish people of the AN advance step in the combination neighborhood and have been blessed _of religious forces for more effiof God. At the close of almost every cient action is the merger on April meeting the people Hnger, sometimes 12th, which is reported in the Confor hours, to inquire more closely … gregationalist, of the New York City The questions they ask are not foolish, Sunday School .Association and the but they are intelligent; the people New York Federation or Churches. desire to know whether the things The Sunday School Association will they hear are really so. Some of them, function in the Department of Relieven though they have not confessed gious Education of the Federation, in their faith in the Lord Jesus Christ, which department all activities havare suiIering persecution because they ing to do with religious education will come to the Mission, and are reading

NEWS FROM MA)NY LANDS

be carried on. This department is ance companies estimates the number under the supervision of an experi- of suicides in 1922, as 13,530. If the enced committee. Among the forty number included the unknown sui- directors are such men as Rev. Wil- cides and those who made a deliberate liam Adams Brown, Rev. J. Howard but unsuccessful attempt to destroy Mellish, Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Rev. themselves it would be doubled. In Henry A. Atkinson, F:red B. Smith, New York City alone 839 persons etc. The office of the Federation is ended their lives last year. The located at 71 West 23d St., New York League has proved that people tempt- City, and the General Secretary is ed to end their lives will first come William B. Millar. Frank Goodman and" talk it over," and that in most is the Secretary for Religious Work. cases they can be saved. It believes Religious Liberals Federate that with proper equipment it could savt' thousands every year. "The A 'll a reclnt meeting in Baltimore weakening of religious belief in many of the Federation of Religious persons," says the League's report, I,iberals it was voted to form out of "is to blame for many suicides. The certain religioUB groups which are not lack of the understanding of life's accepted for membership in the Fed- true value and a lack of communion eral Council of the Churches of with God and obedience to God's laws Christ, a permanent organization with is the whole trouble." executive officers functilming through the year. A church federation com- A Revival in Mississippi parable except in size to the Federal Council of Churches will be formed. I T is reported that a remarkable The following are reported as favor- wave of religious revival is spreadable to sending delegates to such an ing over Mississippi. The editor of organization: The Universalist Gen- the Mamtfa.cturers Record, commenteral Convention, the General Confer- ing upon it in a "Day Sermon," ence of the Religious Society of which is quoted in the Congregation- Friends, the Central Conference of a.~ist, says: "If the revival which is American Rabbis and the American wide-spread in Mississippi, stirring to Unitarian Association. Jesse IT. the very depths the social and busi- Holmes, Ph.D., of Swarthmore, Pa., ness life of that state, is genuine, it is president and Rev. Curtis W. will lift Mississippi to a better rela- Reese, secretary of the Western Uni- tion between the whites and the tarian Conference, is to be the active blacks, between employers and emexecutive officer for the Federation and offices have been secured in Lin- ployees, between the sellers and the coln Center of Chicago.-Christia.n buyers, between the producers of Century. foodstuffs and the consumers of them.

To Prevent Suicide If it is genuine it will make cleaner and more wholesome the legislation THE SAVE-A-LIFE LEAGUE, of the State and will drive out of founded seven years ago to help office by an open fight any corrupt keep people from suicide, is said to have on its board of directors some of men who may have used their public the most prominent ministers and trust for their private gain. The inphysicians in New York. About fluence of such religion will be felt in 12,000 persons committed suicide in a higher sense of honor in business the U. S. A. in 1921, one-third of them women and girls. The oldest matters, in cleaner lives, in a new suicide was a centenarian great-great- consecration in men and women tograndmother and the youngest a child ward the development of those things of five years. One of the great insur· which make for the betterment of mankind, which bring help to the sick and the poor, which speak the kindly word and do the loving de~d every day and every hour." , '..

The African Student Union the real facts, whether as to doctrines practices or history. And the growth T HE AF'RICAN STUDENT UN- by converts seems to be far less than ION, which· was organized in 1914, formerly, especially from foreign has held several successful student lands. For instance, in Great Britain, conferences. Its spokesman in The with double or triple the missionary Student World states that the Union work done by them (143 workers), believes "that Jesus Christ should they report a net gain of 123 converts, rule in every African student's heart. and membership 849 less than a year Let the Spirit of Christ rule in Af- before. Some of this loss is doubtless rica. It will bring about tribal fel- due to emigration, which is likely inlowship for all, will make possible the cluded in the gains in United States." introduction of medical science and scientific agriculture, and will stop Brotherly Advice to Indians the Europeans from shipping liquor into Africa. Such is the belief of the COMMISSIONER CHARLES H. African students. United in Jesus BURKE of the Indian Bureau Christ they will, through the coopera- has recently sent an important mestion of all the Christian stud€'llts of sage to all the Indians of the country, the world, be able to make Africa a in an effort to curb the extremes of happy land where the natives will live the Indian dance evil. He says: in peace and prosperity….. Through the help of the African student con- "Now, what I want you to think ferences, many African students have about very seriously is that you must been influenced to take up medical, first of all try to make your own livagricultural, educational, theological, ing, which you cannot do unless you and industrial courses to meet the work faithfully and take care of what needs of the native tribes of Africa. comes from your labor, and go to Through the appeal of African stu- dances or other meetings only when dents to the American people many your home work will not suffer by it. American Negro students have de- I do not want to deprive you of decent cided to spend their lives in Africa amusements or occasional feast days, doing missionary work among their but you should not do evil or foolish people. " things or take so much time for these occasions….. You do yourselves and Some Mormon Statistics your families great injustice when at dances you give away money or other THE following statements about property, and then after an absence Mormonism are made by Rev. John of several days go home to find every- D. Nutting in the Record of Christian thing gone to waste and yourselves Work: "Statistics show that last year with less to work with than you had 7,118 converts were made to it out- before. I could issue an order against side Utah, with 15,666 additions by these useless and harmful performbirth, making the net increase to Utah ances, but I would much rather have Mormonism alone of 22,779 in one you give them up of your own free year; while eastern or 'Reorgan- will and, therefore, I ask you now in ized' Mormonism shows a larger rate this letter to do so." of increase, though recent figures are confused by revision of rolls-the LATIN AMERICA total gains of both being perhaps 28,000. With over 2,000 emissaries Christian Strategy in Panama out seeking conveTts aU the time, why should not growth be expected 1 It DR. W. E. GILROY, editor-in-chief goes without saying, however, to one of the Congregationalist, who who knows the facts, that very many has recently visited the Canal Zone, of the converts would not have become says: "If any group of Christians such had they known at the beginning face to face with peculiar difficulties ever needed and deserved the sup- port of the whole Christian people of

1923J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the United States it is these devoted freedom. It is the oldest Presbyand self-sacrificing believers who are terian work in South America. There t-ndeavoring to establish the institu- are now thirty missionaries, two tions and influences of the Christian thirds of whom are women, trying to Church in this strategic area upon a meet the needs of 6,000,000 people in broad, sound and permanent basis." a country whose area is as great as Two great ends, among others, these that of Germany, France, Holland Christian men and women have in and Belgium combined, and in which view: First, to help to maintain there are less than 800 miles of rail· wholesome Christian influences for ~oad, and practically no roads. The members of American churches who, rl/,tio of missionaries to a parish is as with their families, are permanently 1 to 200,000. After his visit in 1909, located on the Canal, isolated from Dr. Robert E. Speer said of the Cf)- the normal life of the homeland, in a tropical climate and environment, lombia field, "There is none needier. " where in spite of all that science and sanitation have accomplished the Believers in Brazil moral and spiritual tendencies are mainly downward, and at the same THE term "foCrre"nbetleis~"verws,h"icihs IS time to serve the larger constituency Portuguese of those whose stay is more transitory albut who live. around the Zone long enough to be permanently influenced most invariably used by Brazilian for good or evil. Second, to build up moral safeguards and spiritual influ- Protestants to distinguish themselves ences where thousands of American from others. How earnest some of soldiers and sailors will always be lo- these Brazilian laymen are, is shown cated, and where all the allurements of evil are flagrant. by t.he following incident, reported by the M. E. Church, South: One Meth- Colombia as a Mission Field odist moved to a place where there .REGINALD WHEELER, As- were no others, and for a couple of Wsistant Secretary of the Presby- years lost touch with the central work.

terian Board of Foreign Missions, Finally a preacher looked him up and who has recently visited Colombia, writes that that country is unique in found that he had not only remained missionary interest. Colombia has its Concordat, which gives the Roman faithful but had gathered quite a Catholic Church complete ecclesi- group of "believers" and was holding astical freedom and a guarantee of governmental protection as the state regular services. In the beginning he church. But there is also a liberal had continued regular services for his element in Colombia. The Constitu- family, but gradually his neighbors tion, despite the Concordat, provides had begun attending and accepting for tolerance of religious worship, and his faith. Mr. C. A. Long, presiding liberal leaders are increasing in number and influence. From the stand- elder of the Cataguazes District, in point of the Presbyterian Church, the Central Brazil, tells an interesting work in Colombia has a special ap- story of a certain church in his dispeal. The work was started in 1856 at the express request of a group of trict, whic.h is a part of a circuit, so individuals in Bogota, who were con- large that the pastor can only touch vinced that the Word of God as much as the sword of Bolivar was needed in it here and there. This church re- Colombia to bring in true justice and solved to help the pastor. So regu- larly, every month or so, they meet and after prayer and deliberation se- lect two of their number to tour the circuit, doing personal work, hold- ing prayer-meetings, and distributing good literature.

Brazilian S. S. Teachers ATHIRD edition of the teacher training course by Rev. Charles A. Oliver, of York, Pa., has been is- sued in Portuguese for Sunday-school

workeTs in Brazil. The title is "Pre- were cut up, new States were erected, paracao de Professores," and there new boundaries laid dOWll. This in- is a complete bibliography which in- volved two things: the dividing up of cludes nearly all the desirable books Ch~!rches as well as of States; and for Sunday-schoOl workers now avail- fhe transference of bodi0~ of Protesable in Portuguese. Each chapter tants to new States whose policy is, has 'selected references to these books to state it mildly, unsympathetic. and also suggestions for original work on the part of the pupil. There are Manifestly the problem is too big many teacher training groups in for Europe alone. The Churches of Brazil which have been organized five European countries–representunder the stimulus of the Brazil ing 15 million Protestants-have been Sunday School Union of which Rev. giving aid. But the Churches of 16 Herbert S. Harris of the World's countries are needing aid, and they Sunday School Association is the Gen- represent 50 millions of people. So eral Secretary. A large number are America must help. The practical studying "Preparacao de Profes·- measure determined on was the estabsores" as individuals. In Sao Paulo lishment of a modest bureau in Mr. Harris recently attended the ses- Switzerland, which the Swiss Federasions of the" University Federation, " tion of Evangelical Churches has an organization of educators in evan- kindly undertaken to manage, for the gelical schools and colleges of Brazil purpose of collecting and disseminatwhich is seeking to coordinate and ing accurate information from and to standardize the educational work. At all quarters, and of administering the his suggestion, a half day was given funds secured. This bureau is under to the discussion of the teaching of the direction of an International Comthe Bible and of religion in the de- mittee. nominational schools and to the methods which the schools may employ for TeDlperance Work in France the training of 'leaders for religious work. A CCORDING to official statistics quoted in Christian Work by EUROPE George Gallienne, General Secretary of the French Blue Cross Society, the W. Protestantism's Sore Plight principal religious tempeTance organi- J. STREET, Vice-Convener of zation, }<'rance spent last year 13,- the United Presbyterian Church 273,561,200 francs for spirituous of Scotland Assembly's Continental liquors, as against 1,200,000,000 for Committee, writes: public education, 166,000,000 for ag- riculture, and 320,000,000 francs for The actual state of affairs in Eu- hygiene and hospitals. A small but rope is alarming. (Churches as well rapidly growing army of men and as States have everywhere been crip- women is earnestly fighting the evil pled by the WIll" and in countries which these figures represent. Among devaStated by the actual operations of the railway and postal men, exist war, the evangelical churches are find- various temperance societies; the iIl[ the replacement and restoration a Pederation Ouvrien AntialeooliquC' task far beyond their means.'I· But has also organized in the trade unions tllroughout Bastern Europe, also and syndicates a very strong camfrom the Baltic to the Balkans, Prot- paign against liquors. In the center ('stantisml".s in many places threatened of the anti-alcoholic forces stand the with extinctl"<in, and everywhere is Union des Francaises contre I 'alcool, fighting for existence. In the dire dis- which is trying hard to get the memtress spiritual forces are stirring, yet bers of Parliament to understand that everywhere there are terrible diffi- if the commercial interests of wine clJlties. growers are to be considered, there are also other vital interests-the wel- By the Peace Treaties old States

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

fare of women and children who are in Athens gives of the address made alwavs the victims of the drink traffic. by the new Metropolitan of. that city 'fhe "J~igue Nationale contre l'A}cool- on the occasion of his recent enthroneisme, which is a federation of all the ment. Believing that Greece's greattemperance activities in France, is est weakness lies in the extreme cendoing a very good propaganda in the tralization of power in the hands of government schools, in the army and the Government at Athens" he struck navy and in the general public. a blnw not only for the liberty of the Church but for education and com- Outlook in Spain munity life which have been well-nigh strangled in recent years. UNDERLYING the events in Spain which from time to time attract Work for Russian Refugees attention, there is a strong current flowing in support of religious liberty. PAlTI.. PETERSON, writing in the Spain has recently, on more than one Friend of Russia, says: "A large occasion, escaped a revolutionary percentage of our gospel and relief movement which might have changed work is being carried on among the all its institutions. Prominent poli- Russian refugees in Poland, Bulgaria, ticians see that the country cannot be Roumania and Germany. There are considered in line with modern ideals several million such refugees scattered as long as religious liberty is denied throughout these countries, and most all its citizen!>, and intolerance takes of them have left Russia for political its place. The Roman Church has reasons, They represent the most inmade up its mind to fight against the telligent people of Russia and as many repeal of the Article in the Constitu- of them are in great distress, we are tion that limits freedom, but the giving them material help and also Spanish public is no longer so ready bringing the Gospel to them. They to be- led bv the dictation of Rome. expect to go back to Russia some day, When the is~ue is joined there will be and if they go back with the Goopel a great fight which can have only one they should prove powerful instruending. Spain cannot deny in Europe ments in the hands of God. At preswhat it grants its subjects in Morocco. ent they are suffering keenly, and if Meanwhile, the Spanish Evangelical some of our good friends hesitate to Alliance is working hard. Evangelical help the Russian people for fear that Christendom. they might aid the Soviet Government, they can safely assist us in preserving Plain Speaking in Greece the lives of these refugees.'"

THE new Metropolitan of Athens, ISLANDS OF THE SEA Chrysostom Papadopoulos, has numerous connections with ecclesi- Australian Aborigines astical circles throughout the world, being president of the Committee of THE Anglican Bishop of Northwest the Union of the ChurcheB, dealing Australia, whose diocese includes with the union of the Gre€k and An- one of the settlements for Australian glican Churches; also a member of aboriginals, writes in an Australian the Continuation Committee of the paper that these aboriginals are not World Conference of Faith and Or- savage and degraded-but the very del'; president of the local National reverse. In their wild state they are Council of the World Alliance for most inoffensive and gentle and full Promoting International Friendship of kindly and tender feeling. A misthrough the Churches, and a founder sion to some of these aborigines who of the Athens Young Men's Christian have hitherto escaped blasting contact Association. "A model of plain with the white man was started at speaking" is the description which a Forrest River, in the far north of secretary of the American Y. M. C. A. Western Australia, about nine years ago. It began under very difficult

conditions, with very scanty means Their return to Palestine is permitand a seanty staff. The results have ted; likewise to Gold Coast, Nigeria surpassed all anticipations, and show and Hong Kong. The ban against the innate goodness and teachableness German missionaries continues in of the despised and cruelly-treated effect for one year in the African Australian black fellow. The Bishop territories of Nyasa, Kenia and Tanwho recently visited this mission sta- ganyika. The term of exclusion for tion, writes as follows: "Altogether, India has not yet expired. In all there are about 110 adult aboriginals these territories, the British Governand sixty children on the station, and ment is willing to make personal exev€'Il in Nyasaland I never experi- ceptions and such German missionenced such a happy, alert family feel- aries have practically the same ing as at the Porrest River Mission. " political status as other non-British subjects if connected with societies General Wood and the Lepers having no recognition."

ONE of the outstanding achieve- Why Not a Labor Church? ments of General Wood in the Philippines has been his work for the AN article by Bishop Prancis J. lepers on the island of Culion. First McConnell in the Locomotive he sent a first-class small investigating Eng~ncers' Journal for March is becommittee, doctor, bacteriologist and ing widely quoted, particularly the engineer; next' he persuaded :J.:I;iss paragraph in which he says: ., The Embrey, the dietitian of the Rocke- laborers claim to be followers of feller Foundation in China, to go and Christ-even though they are outside work out a balanced ration that would of the Church. If they are followers build them up physically. He has of Christ, why can they not organize put on more boats so that supplies that fact into a Christian organizamay be sent regularly, more doctors tion ~ Let the organization stand at and nurses, and he plans better sani- first outside of all relationship to the tation and water supply somewhat other ecclesiastical organizations until adequate to their needs, also a home mutual fear and suspicion can be for non-leprous children. Best of all, overcome. IJet a labor Church start the treatment with chaulmoogra oil is at first with only a laborer's Christ. being extended, so that more and more We could trust both Labor and the lepers have a chance to be cured. It Christ soon to advance to a Christ of is said that one of the big factors in all men. "–Congregationalist. leading General Wood to decline the post of Provost of the University of The World's Best Seller Pennsylvania and to decide to remain in the Philippines was an appeal from THE Bible is still the world's "best the leper colony, which referred in selleT," the demand last year betouching fashion to "the Star of ing so great that about 30,000,000 Hope" which he had brought into the yolumes were printed and distributed lepers' lives. by all agencies in various parts of the world. One of the outstanding MISCELLANEOUS achievements of the Christian mis- sionary program is the extent to which British LiDlit. on GermaD Mission.. Bible translation has been advanced. The British and Foreign Bible Society T HE AUegemeine Missions Zeit- has compiled a list of 770 languages schritt (Berlin) quotes from some and dialects into which some part of correspondence of the International the Word of God has been translated. Missionary Council: This represents the work of the vari- ous Bible Societies and other mission- "The limitations imposed upon ary organizations throughout the German missionaries in all parts of eenturies. the British Empire during the late war have been somewhat modified.

to the Long Grass. By Dan Craw· zation in the jibe of an old

ford. 8vo. 373 pp. $4.00. George H. that ' 'When God twisted out his Doran Co., New York; Hodden and rivers so 'serpentine,' he seemingly Stoughton, London. 1923. did not ask the White Man's advice, for the White :Man would have told "Thinking Black" created con- God to make them straight!" For siderable stir in the missionary read- eompensation, we can crow over the ing world a few years ago and is now self-confident chief who sneeringly followed by "Back to the Long permitted the missionary to talk to Grass" which tells us of the later his people, since a candle and a green experiences of the remarkable mis- log are safe companions, not realizing sionary, who has accomplished more that the candle had the hidden power constructive work in Central Africa of a roaring fire. than many a Minister of State. The man or woman who is inter- His style is replete with allitera- ested in Africa, in missions, in piotion and with plays on words and neer colonizing, or merely in robust subtle thoughts that are sometimes manhood and self-sacrificing womanfull of meaning but which make the hood will read this new work with a narrative less easy to read. These feeling of gratitude. On his model characteristics, however, give to his station at Luanza on Lake Mweru, "'Titing a truly African flavor for Dan Crawford is busy with his daily the Bantu uses alliteration as easily tasks and at the same time his book as we resort to slang. For example, speaks witb the authority of nearly Mr. Crawford talks of a prospector forty years in the heart of Africa. who "prefers minerals to cereals; likes stock but not farm-stock; pre- fers shares to ploughshares; and pre- Rock-Breakers. Kingdom Building in Kongo fers high dividends to high ends;" Land. By P. H. J. Lerrigo. Illus., and he tells us that the first mur- map, 200 pp. Philadelphia, The Judson derer's offense made him build a Press. $1.25. 1922.

fence for defense; or, becoming per- Secretary Lerrigo has prepared this sonal, he records that "all the volume primarily for the mission trouble begins when you try to recol- study classes of American Baptists leet the thing you failed to collect in whose Congo Missions have been an your notebook. 'Down with it and inspiration from the days of the done with it' is his good old rule." Banza Manteke Pentecost of 1886. It Now a common expression is illumi- has a wider interest, however; for few nated, now a shaft of light shows how' books deal with that particular section near the Old Testament is to the of Africa from the missionary view- African of the twentieth century. point. Fewer still have been written Mr. Crawford gives us hundreds freshly after field visitation by an of- of shrewd sidelights on the native ficial who has himself been a missioncharacter. From the breadth of his ary. Dr. Lerrigo has done his work experience, the extent of his reading well, and the record and appeal is exand the depth of his thought he un- cellently printed and beautifully il- earths valuable treasures and scatters lustrated. them before us with profusion. " Was The story of "getting there" is a prohibition not forced on by the pres- fireside talk for winter, or a tale to be ence of millions of Africans in retold in summer camp. It makes one America?" he queries. Is there not wish to start immediately for Congo great food for reflection on our civili- BeIge. "Creating a Station" tells of 491

work in the pioneer stage, but it also Revolution, but the doctor is too ushers one into the fields and work of modest to let us see how much h~ himtwenty missionary societies; and a self counted. In the period following map and descriptions tell where they missionaries are still at the front, ~ are working and with what success. the author indicates, healing wounds This chapter and one entitled "The of a two-fold character. "The Doc- General Conference and Congo's Bit- tor's Job" shows how versatile a mediter Cry" make the book interdenomi- cal missionary must be, and chapter national and widely usable for other IX gives illustrations of what missionbodies of Christians. In chapters aries do to "lift up men who had three and four are fascinating and failed"-a simple story of work in his alluring pictures of the Negroes, prim- station serving as a specimen case. itive and unredeemed, and then trans- "The Missionary Doctor and Chinese formed by the Christian love and the Woman" will especially appeal to old Gospel. "The Church of Christ in women readers and should lead some Congo" and its molding influence on young women to go to China as phymen fill two other interes.ting chap- sicians and nurses. Two chapters tell ters. Chapter VII makes the. doctor how medical missions aid engineers and the reader happy; the author and lay missionaries of the Occident deals with his old profession, and the who sicken in China; ".A Ranch" medicine man is his rival. Through- gives a glimpse of agricultural work as out, vividness of narration, choice of a new phase of missionary endeavor; facts, and strength of appeal make the the final chapter is an appeal to .Amerbook enjoyable' and stimulating. ican Christians to come to China's re- lief. "We must enter deeply into the China's Crossroads. By Elliott L. Osgood. sufferings of the world, … if we are Illlls. 229 pp. Cincinnati, Powell & true to the visions we have seen." White. $1.00. 1922. A Short History of the Near East from the Dr. Osgood is an "old China hand" Founding of Constantinople (330 A. D. and is not writing for the .American to 1921). By William Stearns Davis, public for the first time. Secretary Ph.D. Maps. xvii, 408 pp. $3.00. New Corey, of the United Christian Mis- York, The Macmillan Company. 1922. sionary Society, says that he "thinks Chinese;" and he openly does this in .As a boy the author was brought up the first chapter of introduction to the on the Bosphorus and, sitting at his people who are his theme. His father's feet heard stories which, as avowed habit of looking at China less interesting material, were served through the physician's eyes and in up to classes in the .American college. the spirit of a profession which is al- The fruitage of long years of later ways studying weaknesses and defects study is a real contribution to the hiswith the object of helping eradicate tory of the Levant. It speaks well for them indicates the leading character- the University of Minnesota that stuistic of this volume. dents in Prefessor Davis's classes are favored with such a superlative Weg- "Breaking Down Old Walls" is an W'eiser to later studies of the subject. echo from his first book on China, It is not at all a record of the romantic though extremely brief and brought aspects of the Near East; it is a solid up-to-date. The Gibraltar of preju- mass of well arranged historical madice has been stormed and has largely terial. Some portions of it are of become a stone pile. ' 'The Transi- general interest (as pp. 103-116), tion Period" is a continuation of the where the personality of Mohammed same theme, but with a fuller measure. is described and his rise to power is .As a physician the author delights in narrated. One interested in the faith the passing of the opium curse, but he which he gave the world will also seek does not tl"ll adequately of the recru- far for so satisfactory an account of descence of the habit. The missionary Islam in so few pages as we find in is shown to have been prominent in the

THE ~nSSIONARY LIBRARY

chapter X. The material will enable on the bla(;k list of the revolutionists the historica[ student of the Near and,' while the assassins were search- East to thread his way through the ing for him, he escaped into the forcenturies down to the present time, ests of the Yenisei in winter, with with some sense of mastery of all es- only a rifle, a few cartridges and what sential facts. It also interprets chang- little food he could carry in his ing phases of that part of the world, pockets. His story is an astoundas it has been variously ruled and is ing Odyssey of wild adventure, told now conditioned. Maps speak more with sincerity, with modesty and preclearly than text somdtimes, and Dr. cision that prove the truth to be Davis has given his readers many of literally stranger than ficti OIl. them. We wish that there were fewer personal names, unrememberable by Midst Volcanic Fires. By Maurice Prater. the average man; and perhaps multi mus. 8vo. 288 pp. $2.25. The Pilgrim dominate over the multum which the Press. Boston. 1922. casual American appreciates more. But we do not know of any better vol- Dr. John G. Paton put the New ume relating to the subject. Hebrides on the missionary map and the missionary of the John G. Paton Beasts, Men and Gods. By Ferdin:md Fund here tells the interesting story Ossendowski. Bvo. 325 IJP. $3.00. E. P. of his recent missionary tours in these Dutton & Co. New York, 1922. islands. The awesome beauties of nature are graphically pictured as Missionaries and missionary boards well as the progress. of Christian mishaving work in northern Asia have sions. S()me exciting adventures enhad ot'.casion for many years to note liven the narrative and spiritual inthe influence of Russia, which has terest is stirred by the stories of directly or indirectly affected their human need and the response to the work. The change in the RussiaR Gospel. Mr. Frater tells some re- Government from the autocracy of markable stories of native converts, the Czar to the Bolshevism of Lenine such as those of Rebecca, a leper and and Trotsky has made the shadow of James Kaum, an evang~list. There Russia still more ominou.s, for the are plenty of heathen in the islands Bolshevists conduct a systematic and the missi()nary is still young propaganda the evidences of which there but the fields are ready. are observable in several of the countries of Asia in which American mis- Cannibal Land. By Martin Johnson. Ilsionary work is conducted. lustrated. 8vo. 193 pp. $3.00. Hough- ton, Mifllin 00. Boston. 1922. This fact lends additional interest to one of the most extraordinary nar- In missionary circles the New ratives of recent times. For nine Hebrides are chiefly famous as the years the author was Secretary for scene of the life and labors of John Industries to Count Witte. He was G. Paton. In motion picture circles, a member of important Economic where Mr. Johnson and his wife move, Committees of the State Department, they are famous for savage life and editor of the mining journal, Gold cannibal customs. Mr. Johnson has and Platinum, Professor of Chem- writien graphically of his adventures istry and. Economic Geography in in search of pictures and shows clearly the Polytechnic Institute of Petro- the great need of these savages for grad, and author of scientific books of the new life and ideals that come high authority. After the Bolsheviki from Christ. The New Hebrides are seized power, he vainly hoped, by be- far from being Christianized or even coming a Professor in the Polytechnic civilized, although some of the islands Institute at Omsk, to be able to live are evangelized. The camera clearly a secluded life of usefulness to the pictures the unregenerated barbarians Siberian Government. He was, how- -including the so-called "Monkey ever, like mimy other educated men, people." New and Important PERSONALS MISSIONARY BOOKS HON. JOHN J. MACLA&EN. D.C.L., Judge of the Court of Appeal, Toronto, Canada, BACK TO THE LONC CRASS President of the International Sunday School Association, who is in his eighty-first My Link with Lioing.ton… year, has been elected President of the World's Sunday School Association, to suc- Dan Crawford. Author of ., Thinkinll Blach." ceed the late John• W•ana*maker.

Back Q'fer the long. weary. dangerous, fascinating tnti! of DR. ROYAL J. DYE, once a missionary of Livingstone we trarel in cOIDUany with the inimita.ble the Disciples in the Congo, and in recent author of "'1'htnltjng Black." "'I'he Boston Transcript" years a nllssionary lecturer in this country, has just returned from a trip to the interior StlYS: "A remarka..ble narrative. tilled with features of of Africa, on which he was sent by his sointense interest:' Beautifully illustrated. Net. $4.00 ciety. He traveled 3,000 miles on the Congo and its tributades. HENRY MARTYN: CONFES. ** SOR OF THE FAITH BISHOP W. F. OLDHAM, of the Methodist The firat volum.. in th.. n ..w"Modern Episcopal Ohurch, has returned from his Serie. of Mi••ionary Biographies" being trip to South Am:ri~a. * publi,.hed by the Student Christian Mooe- DR. W. E. BlFJlERWOLF, the evangelist, Mr. Homer Rodeheaver, the gospel singer, mente and Miss Grace Saxe, formerly the Bible teacher in the Billy Sunday campaigns in Con.tance E. Padwick. many cities, are planning a wo:rld tour at their own expense, to various nllssion fields. In a fascinating war ~Iiss Pad sick has interprettd to the men and women of this gen~ru.tion B life which is one of *** the treasures of our spiritual hr:ritage-Martpl the scholar. the lover. the adventurer tor Gad.' Net. $1.50 DR. DUGALD CHRLSTIEl, a.M.G,. Prineipal of the Moukden Medical College, has been SHELTON OF TIBET compelled by ill health to resign after forty years' service in Manchuria. 0'Mr<. A. L, Shelton. * "* "* it~~~ D~~A.coflP~h~1~on~fwe~s w~~r~~rd:~~cebY te!~J~;~ is a mlsSlonary bIography of surpas:sing Interest and im- BISHOP HERBERT WELCH, of the Methodist l>ortance. Episcopal Church, has sufficiently recovered Illustrl'ted, Net. $2.00 his health to return to his field in J !Lpan and Korea, and he and Mrs. Welch were to THE SPIRIT OF ISLAM sail from Vancouver on May 3d.

The Rillht Hon. Syed A meet' Ali, P~C~.. C.I.E •• *•* LL.D.. D.L. DR. W, W. PETER, whose remarkable Based on Islamic records, thIs comprehensive work is health work in China under Y. M. C_ A. auspices has become famous, was invited to ffi:':ogni7.f'd ItS the standard life (in English) of Moham- Sian! for a series of health demonstrations. '['hese impressed Sir Claude Hill, a former med. and indIspensable to stUdents. "Rich in detail. official in India, sO greatly that he seemed pleasing in styIe, useful alike to the sCholar and the an invitation from the British Government teader,"-"NationalObserver," New and Revised Edition. for Dr. Peter to give demonstrations in ten cities in India. Net. $5.00 CONTACTS WITH NON· CHRISTIAN CULTURES A Caae Book on the Christian Movement Abroad_ Daniel John.on Flemin" Ph.D.

The Clue hook method applied for the finn time to Foreign f~oir:ae~vfetr~y~tmiois~a·i~o~naatr~ye.0fur':i~e~!lr~TJ.dT:lf:pae~:aNbe~t~, I$:2~.~0~0 JAPAN IN TRANSITION BISHOP BLAKE of the American Methodist Episcopal Church, visited Moscow recently Loretta L. Shaw, B.A., Mi••ionary in Japan and attended the all-Rnssian Church Con- gress which he was invited to address. "The change that is going on in Japan is graphically de· scribed. and tne opportunity for Christianity outlined In *** this most attractive, illustra.ted volume."-"The Record." PROFESSOR T. S. Hsu, of Peking Uni· Net. $1,25 versity has been appointed one of four Mis· sionary Fellows of Union Theological Semi- THE RED MAN IN THE UNI. nary, New York City, for the year 1923-4, the other three being American nllssionaries. TED STATES *** An intenaive "nd Intimat.. Study of the Social. Economic "nd Religioua Life REV. EARLE H. BALLOU, American Board of the Am..rican Indian. missionary in Tientsin, China, and Rev. C. Y. Cheng, D.D., of' Shanghai, formerly Sec- M aJe Under the Direction 01 G. E. E. Lind· retary of the China Continuation Committee, qui.t.. have been awa,rded missionary scholarships This work is authoritative and exhaustive. It brings our in Union Seminar•y. • knowledge of the Indian down to date and supplies JUst DR. ALFRF.D WILl,IAMB ANTHONY has rethat information desired by the general reader a.nd by the signed as executive secretary of the Home student of missIons. Many lllustratiOIlS and maps. Missions Council Net. 13,50 _••~ • AI You,R.llglou,BookStor. GEORGE E. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madiaon AvellUe New York.

Please mention TIlE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD In writing to advertisers. TRAVEL WITH A NEW MOTIVE Unusual opportunity of seeing The Fascinating Orient and the Missionary Work of Your Church Tours that give personal contacts with oriental people in addition to the, usual travel program.

Combine pleasure and sight-seeing with missionary information, study of political and business conditions, acquaintance with missionaries, and contact with oriental leaders. Inspirational and Educational.

Small PaTti~ Christian C01!ductors Everything First.Class For information address The Missionary Education Movement Travel Department 150 Fifth Avenue, New York, N. Y.

Russia Evangelization Society WANTED International-Interdenominational BIBLES for BULGARIA American Headquarters, 156 Fifth Ave., NewYork City We sent our Missionary, Rev. Paul Mishkoff, (Moody Bible Institute Graduate), at Philip- OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS popolis, Bulgaria, $300 to purchase Bibles. Soon this r~p!y came: ARNO C. GAEBELEIN. D.D., President ALWYN BALL,JR., Vice President "In one meeting 360 professed Christ; 400 COL. E. N. SANCTUARY. Treasurer in another. ,-' NORMAN J.SMITH, General Secretary Now he writes this appeal: Rev. GeorgeW. Carter,Ph.D. Don O. Shelton "IfI can ha"e 20,000 Bibles and new Testa. Rev. George H. Dowkontt, M:n. Sidney T. Smith ments, I tell ),ou 'We can shake Bulgaria, with Rev.FredW.Troy the help of God, and 'Win thousands of souls Pastor O. R. Palmer Jor Christ." Rev. P. O. Ortt Rev. W. Leon Tucker No overhead charge; 100 per cent. of all Scripture gifts goes to the Field, Notkzng but the Gospel can stem the Tide 0/ Bolshevism Send ,),our gifts to in Europe and Bnng Order. Reas(tn andRIghteous Russia Evangelization Society ness Where Chaos and Ruin now ReIgn Supreme (International-Interdenominational) The R….ia Evangelizatioa Sodety was organized in New York City. November 17, 1919, to ARNO C. G.EBELEIN. D.O.. President maintain missionaries, Scripture distribution and relief work in Russia and Central and ALWYN C. BALL, JR., Vice President Southeastern Europe. Work is sustained in Russia, Finland, Poland, Austria, Germany COL. E. N. SANCTUARY, Treasurer and Bulgaria. DON. O. SHELTON, Executive Committee NORMAN ]. SMITH, General Secretary The R…sian Harrest Field, published monthly provides information of the mission fields Room 520 156 Fifth Avenue, New York of Europe. 50c a year. Sample Free.

Gifts ""'1 be sent to CDl. E. N. SanetulI1"j, Tredl'Urer, Room 520, 116 Fifth Annue, Ne-w Tork.

Please mention THB MISSIONARY RBVIEw OF 1'HE WOBLD In writing to advertisers. Why Buy Life Annuities of the American Baptist Home Mission Society?

THEY DO MORE THAN RETURN A MAXIMUM INCOME FOR LIFE 1. Because the life of the annuitant is enriched with the contentment which comes from the assurance of a regular income.

2. Because a second life may he enriched by the extension of the income after the first life has ended. I 3. Because the life of the nation wilJ be enriched by the ultimate expenditure of the principal in missionary work or in the creation of a trust or memorial fund in which the interest for all time will go toward Christianizing the people of this and other' lands. I ANNUITIES-ONE OR TWO LIVES FORMS OF BEQUEST: On one life the rate of income varies from B!m~vri~s1o~e<IS~~:ty~ ~~~mi~ic~e:&vt!~~ four to nine per cent. a year, payable semi. in the year r832, the sum of $…….. for the annually. BgeiPnet'rfasl'tep,Hu~rp~o~sees of said society. aWh~hfi!ri:d On one or two lives the rate varies from f9ur lIfi~~io~eqS:~I:t;O to eight and three-tenths per cent. a year, payable semi-annually. land with the buildings thereon standing, (Here describe the premises with exactness.) All the The rate always depends upon the age of the rest and residue of my estate, of whatever form person when the gift is made. When the rate is once fixed. it never varies, but remains the Xm~~!~!~e~a~ti~~v~o~:iM'is~ro~ ~~~i:t~~ to The same. It is always best to consult a lawyer.

A survivorship agreement provides a permanent ou:llco~;r~t~a~~~e Wi~lsT~~°'i~:rirg::b~~p~:~ income for two lives. When you cease to enjoy Home Mission Society. its benefits the same income is continued throughout the lifetime' of the relative or friend whose name follows yours in the agreement.

For annuity booklet, sample contract, and survivorship rate tables and legacies kindly address Secretary Charles L. White, Dept. R., 23 East 26th s.treet, New York City.

HARTFORD NEW BOOKS W. Doug'''' MacI<enz;ie, President Ragland-Pioneer. Amy Wilson Carmichael.

Theological Seminary 167 pp. 3s, 6d.. Diocesan Press, Vepery Dean, M. W. Jacoba. Madras, India. '

School of Religious Pedagogy The Partition and Colonization of Africa. Sir Charles Lucas. 228 pp. 12s, 6d. Dean, E. H. Knight Clarendon Press. Oxford, England. 1922.

Kennedy School of Missions The Sudan in Evolution. Percy F. Martin. 558 pp. 42s. Constable, London. 1922. Dean, E. W. Capen Congo Missionary Conference. 214 pp. Through these associated schools Hart- Baptist Mission. Bolobo, Congo Beige. ford offers full training for: 1922. 1. The Christian ministry. 2. The whole field of religious edueation. Barotseland. D. W. Stirke. Inus. Maps. 3. Th~ foreign field. 136 pp. 21s. Bale and Danielsson. Lon- don. 1922.

Wlth Grenfell on the Labrador. Fullerton L. Waldo. 189 pp. 6$. O1iphants. Lon- don. 1922.

The Hill Tribes of Fiji. A. B. Brewster. 308 pp. 2b. Seeley, Service. London. 1922.

Pearls of the Southern Seas. V. A. Ba·r· radale. Illus. Maps. 95 pp. }g. Liv- ingstone Press. London. 1922.

Each School has its independent faculty The Christian Movement in Japan. Edited and its own institutional life, and together by Samuel J. Umbeit.. 12mo. 546 pp. they form one interdenominational institu- Federation of Christian Missions_ Tokyo. tion with the unity of common aim and 1922. spirit. In the Heart of Savagedom. Mrs. Stuart Hartford Seminary Foundatlon. Hartford, Conn. Watt. 422 pp. 5s 6d. Pickering &. Inglis, Glasgow. 1923. (Concluded cn 3d cover.) Please mention THE MIBSION.AE:Y REVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1921

XLIV NUMBER

THE MISSIONARY VIEW, MARCH, 1921 ABYSSINIA, THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY c. T. HOOPER TWO MISSIONARY EDUCATORS IN SYRIA BY ONE WHO KNEW THEM THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN A. K. REISCHAUER WHAT I SAW OF THE FAMINE IN CHINA w. R. LAMBUTH TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO PHILO W. DRURY MIDDLE AGE MISSIONARY METHODS MRS. E. C. CRONK $2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN,NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK

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NEW YORK Please mention TH. MISSIONARY RltVIEW OF THR WORI,D in writing to advertisers §IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII n11111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111 ~ II= Pure Damask Table Linens !i= of Rich Design =~=_i =!~_ TOStbouryeo"nies'stoDahmavaeskths eatp"rTivhieleLgieneonf choosing Linens of rare· beauty and ~ exceptional value, in an unparalleled ~ ~== variety of patterns, many of which :=_~_ are exclusive with McCutcheon's.

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Write for further information to George M. Fowles, Treasurer of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church. or W. J. Elliott, Treasurer of the Board of Home Missions and Chureh Extension. 1701 Arch Street. Philadelphia. Pa.

Please mention THlt MISSIONARY RE:vu:w OF TH£ WORLD in. writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY Review of the World DELA VAN L PIERSON, EJilm.

CONTENTS FOR MARCH, 1921 Page FRONTISPIECE •.. , .••…………. ; ……. A S'I'A'I'!l PROC!lSSION IN ABYSSINIA EDITORIAL COMMENT ……………………………………………… 175 AN IN'I'ERNA'I'IONAL MISSIONARY COMMI'I"I'EE INDIAN CHRIS'I'IANS ON INDIA's UNRIlS'I'

A CONJ!!lR!lNCE ON HOME MISSIONS PRO'I'ES'l'AN'I' WORK IN SAN'I'O DOMINGO UNI'I'ED CONFERENCIl oJ! WOMEN WHY HELp CHINA'S FAMINE SUJ!J!!lR!lRS THll NEEDS OJ! UNION C6LLllGIls ABYSSINIA, THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHy ………….. C. T. HOOPIlR 185 A picture of the land and people of a little known nation of Africa, an ancient Christian church and a modern missionary effort. Ill!tStrated from photographs.

TWO MISSIONARY EDUCATORS IN SyRIA …….. ONE WHO KNI<;W THEM 193 The work and influence of Dr. Daniel Bliss and his son, Howard Bliss, two Presidents of the Syrian Protestant College in Beirut. Illustrated from photo- graphs, THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN …………. A. K. RIlISCHAUIlR 199 The remarkable progress in Japan as shown by the position of women an,d their desire for a modern education-a need in part supplied by the Woman's College of Tokyo.

WHAT I SAW OF THE FAMINE IN CHINA …….. BISHOP W. R. LAMBU'I'H 204 A vivid picture of the terrible conditions in North East China and ~he need for help from America.

TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO ………. PHlr.o W. DRURY 207 A striking statement as to the changes brought about in Porto Rico since American occupation-a transformation ~(!rought in physical, int'Cliectual and moral conditions.

NEGRO AMERICANS AND THEIR PROBLEMS …….. RODNIlY W. ROUNDY 214 A report of present conditions among' American N egraes, including their migratory movements, their attitude toward radicalism and their tleed far prac- tical education.

CHARLES M. ALEXANDER AND HIS WORK …….. HIlNRI£1'TA M. HYSLOP 219 An account of the world wide work af the singing evangelist and promoter of the PackeO Testament League. .

WRITING TO THE CHURCH AT HOME ……………….. A MISSIONARY 223 MIDDLE AGE MISSIONARY METHODS ……………… MRS E. C. CRONK 225 WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN …… EDI'I'ED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN 231 NEWS FROM MANY LANDS ……………………………………….. 235 THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY ……………………………………….. 251 TERMS: $2.50 a year. ($2.00 in clubs of five.) Foreign postage, SO cents. Single copies, 25 cents. Published Monthly. Copyrighted, 1920, by Missionary l{evlew Publishing Company, Inc. All rights reserved. Entered as second class matter at the postoffice at Cooperstown, N. Y., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

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Robert E. Speer, President Frank L. Brown, Vice.President, Delavan L. Pierson, Secretary, Walter McDoug~l1, Treasurer Publication office, Cooperstown. N. Y. Editorial and Business Office, 156 Fifth Avenue, 25c a copy $2.50 a year New York City• • Entered as second-class matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York, under the Act of March 3, 1879.

Copyrighted. 1921 Editorial and Business Chat Make World THE "REVIEW" AND THE MISSION Fellowship BOARDS AT THJl I'ORlIGN ,MISSIONS CONFJlRlNca At the Garden City meeting of the For- Programs Interesting eign Missions Conference, January 18-20, a report was presented by the special com- THE ULTIMATE QUEST mittee representing the Conference on the by Katharine Gerwick Paper. $.60 Editorial Council of the "Review," and resolutions were proposed which, on recom- A book whieh discloses the superficialmendation of the Business Committee, ity of the so-called differences separatwere unanimously adopted by the Confer- ing the women of various races by showence. The Report expressed a deep sense of the value of the "Review" to the mis- ing that God is found in the common sionary cause, and it was recommended desires and aspirations of women's that the Boards take steps to cooperate hearts. References, rea din gsa n d more effectively to promote the circula- questions for discussion follow each tion of the "Review" and to help solve its financial problem. It was recommended chapter. also that the standing committee be continued, and a special committee of three be WOMEN WORKERS OF THE ORIENT appointed to consult with similar commit- by Margaret E. Burton Paper. $.35 tees from the Federation of "Voman's Boards of Foreign Missions, the Home A valuable text-book which will supply Missions Council and the Council oi Women for Home Missions to devise the best possible outlines for programs means by which the work of the "Re- and study classes. Chapter headings: view" can be strengthened, and to report 1. Work Within the Home; II. The their findings to the several Boards for Wage Earners; III. Broadening Horitheir action. This special committee was zens; IV. The Trail Breakers; V. appointed, consisting of Dr. A. W. Halsev, Women Working Together; VI. The Dr. W. 1. Chamberlain and Dr. Joseph C. Robbins. The regular standing commit- Call for Leaders. tee of the Conference to act on the Editorial Council of the "Review" was SHANGHAI SKETCHES appointed, consisting of Dr. A. W. Halsey, Secretary -of the Board of Foreign by Jane Shaw Ward $.30 Missions of the Presbyterian Church, (North); Mrs. Helen Barrett Mont- Informing descriptions of the Y. W. gomery, President of the Woman's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, Rev. C. A. ' ork in china with study outlines. Enoch F. Bell, Associate Secretary of the American Board of Commissioners fer Merry- Go- Round-the- Orient Foreign Missions, Rev. Artley B. Parson, New Edition Assistant Secretary of the Foreign Department of the Domestic and Foreign Mis- Fun formulas for Oriental entertainments; sionary Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church and Rev. Mills J. Taylor, Asso- Games-Stunts-Banquets-Programs ciate Secretary of the United Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. PRECIOUS FLOWER AND THE FLIES by Helen W. Willcox Some very encouraging words of appreciation of the work the "Review" is A dramatization of the effects Western doing were spoken by members of the Conference who testified to the value of education is having upon Chinese villthe "Review" in stimulating missionaries on the field, in helping to secure recruits, age life. Paper, $.20. by giving pastors and other workers in the .urch at home the information they need THE MAGIC CARPET ~ to missionary facts, principals and by Helen W. Willcox methods; and in general by uniting the Church in its missionary task and present- A simple pastoral play of the Near ing the whole problems and progress of home and foreign missions. The Federa- East, bringing in the story of rug weavtion of woman's Boards of Foreign Missions appointed as its special committee ing and its influence upon the lives of Mrs. William Boyd, Miss Margaret Hodge and Mrs. E. C. Cronk. the people. Paper, $.20.

AT THE HOME: MISSION COUNCIl, A CAMEL TRIP TO CAIRO by Helen W. Willcox The joint meeting of the Home Missions Council and the Council of Women for A play dealing with a young Mohamme- dan girl's journey from her desert home Continued on p. 255 to Cairo, where she has her first glimpses of Western life and its ideals. Paper, $.20 AIR ROUTE TO BUENOS AIRES by Helen W. Willcox Delightful and interesting glimpses of life in South American countries through the eyes of girls who are taking the first air trip from New York to Buenos Aires. Paper, $.20 BUY A RELIGIOUS BOOK DURING RELIGIOUS BOOK WEEK MARCH 13–20.

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The Case of Korea CHINA, the Mysterious and Marvelous Henry Chung, A. M., Ph. D. By Victor Murdock Member of the Korean Commission to America and Europe Editor, Journalist, Congressntan, Chair~ man Federal Trade Commission A strong. apparently unanswerable indict- Dr. A. W. Halsey: The author has little Use ment, telling of massacres, persecution of for one who fails to see good in the mission- Christians. indignities to missionaries. and ary. He has an eye always open for the exposing the' real character of Japan's alleged graphic and pictorial. Present dry condi- Hreforrns/' and the unrelenting "efficiency" tions-economic, social, political–are pre- with which the Island EruDire is acting to sented as though from an intellectual kodak. crush every. Korean as. iration for national A book for Americans to read." independence. llIustrated, net $2.50 Illustrated, $3.50 Chinese Heart Throbs Men and Methods that Win In the Foreign Fields With In'roduction by Mary Stone (Shih Mei Yu), M D. By J. R. Saunders, Th. D. By Jennie V. Hughes The resuIt of years of experience, (his own Miss Hughes displays a rare insight into and and others); of workers bearing uron the svmpathy with the people of the land of problems of Foreign Missions, the conditions Sinim. Her work is instinct with the true of non-Christian lands and the kind of mis- missionary spirit rendered eminently readable sionaries needed to accomplish the greatest by many touches of literary grace. results. The book is an examination of the imperative need of the foreign field. Illustrated, net $1.50 Net $1.00 A Star in the East Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss An Account of American Baptist Mis- sions to the Karens of Burma First President of the Syrian Protestant College, Syria Edward Norman Harris Edited and Supplemented by His Dr. Howard B. Grose says: "Have read this book with exceeding interest. It strikes me Eldest Son as ouite out of the usual order of missionary books. It is enlightening and unusually read- The story of his early days; his term of serv- able, clearly broad-spirited and with an intelice, as missionary of the American Board, in lectual grasp of conditions." the Lebanon; his more than sixty years of association with the famons l'eirnt institu- Net $t.75 tion) etc. A Moslem Seeker After God Illustrated, net $2.25 By Samuel M. Zwemer, F.R. G.S. The Dawn of a New Era in Syria A volume of intensely interesting data con- By Margaret McGilvary cerning the Iif~, infl ence and teaching of the great Persian mystic AI-Ghazali, one of the A deeply interesting account of what hap- very greatest figures in the Mohammedan pened in Syria during the past five years. world. A notable addition to literature on Not a mass of hearsay evidence. but authentic this subject. data vouched for by reliable and credible witnesses. This book possesses historical, mis- Illustrated, net $2.25 sionary and political significance of more. than ordinary value.

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A STATE PROCESSION IN ABYSSINIA-THE MOS'r ANCIEN11

A Prince is riding through the main street of the capital, Addis Abeba

~THE

EVIEW~ VOL. MARCH, 1921 NUMBER XIV THREE AN INTERNATIONAL MISSIONARY COMMITTEE A GAIN the .official representatives of th.e Protestant Foreign Missionary Boards of North America met in their annual three days' session at Garden City, Long Island, to discuss the progress and problems of mission work in non-Christian and Latin American countries. The Chairman was D,r. Stephen J. Corey, .Secretary of the F.oreign Christian Missionary Society, aId the Seeretary was Mr. Fennell P. Turner, Elxecutive Secretary of the Committee of Reference and Counsel.

One of the most important topics of discussion was the formation of a new "International Missionary C.ommittee," to take the place of the Edinburgh" Continuation Committee," and to be made up of representatives officially chosen by the various nationaf Prot- estant missionary organizations of North America, Great Britain, the European Continent and other countries. This plan is the outgrowth of the Conference of missionary leaders at Cranz, Switz- erland, last summer. The proposal is that the International Missionary Committee be established .on the basis that the only bodies entitled to determine missionary policy are the Inissionary societies and Boards, and the churche'S in the mission field; and that the Committee be constituted by the national missionary organizations in the different countrie'S entitled to send representatives. The sixtyeight representatives proposed for each country are divided as follows: North America Conference Switzerland Great Britain and Ireland Conference Norway Australasia Danish Missionary Council South Africa Missions Committee of Finland German Missions-au~schuss Belgium France Japan Continuation Committee Dutch Committee of Advice China Continuation Committee Swedish General Missionary Conference India National Missionary Council 175

Two out of the three representatives each from Japan, China and India 'Shall be natives of these countries.

The Committee will function internationally, and the members of the Committee will not take action as national groups, though they may be called together by the officers of the International Committee for purposes of consultation, if this should seem necessary.

The functions of the Committee shall be: (a) To stimulate investigation on missionary questions, to. enlist in the solution of these questions the best knowledge and experience to be found in all countries and to make the results available for all missionary societies and missions.

(b) To heip to co-ordinate the activities of the national missionary organizations of the different countries and of the societies they represent, and to bring about united action where necessary in missionary questions.

(c) Through common consultation to help to unite Christian public opinion in support of freedom of conscience and religion and of missionary liberty.

(d) To help to unite the Christian forces of the world in seeking justice in international and inter-racial relations, especially where politically weaker people are involved.

(e) To be responsible for the publication of the International Review of Missions .and such other publications as in the judgment of the Committee may contribute to the study of missionary questions.

(f) To call another world missionary conference if and when this should be desirable.

The Committee shall ordinarily meet every second year, but a special meeting of the Committee may be called or the regular meeting postponed if the Committee of Reference, after con'Sulting with the cooperating missionary organizations, are satisfied that this is desirable. The Committee shall appoint a Committee of Reference to act for it in the intervals between its meetings with the right to fill vacancies in it'S own membership. The annual budget and the conclusions of the Committee shall be reported to the national missionary organizations of the sending countries for their approval, and no independent action shall be taken or pronouncement made by the Co:m:mittee except in matters of urgency and only when the representatives Of the national missionary organizations are confident that the action or pronouncement will commend itself to the organizations they represent.

The national missionary organizations are asked to approve of the following as a special committee to make preparations for the first meeting of the International Committee and to act until that committee has met (some time in the present year in North America): Rev. C. C. B. Bardsley. Rev. Bishop Hennig, D. D.

Rev. J. L. Barton, D. D. Rev. Frank Mason North, D. D.

Pasteur D. Couve. Rev. J. H. Ritson, D. D. Dr. Karl Fries Rev. Principal Gandier, D. D. Rev. Paul de Schweinitz, D. D. Dr. Robert E. Speer Zendingsdirektor J. W. Gunning, D. D. Rt. Rev. Dr. Talbot.

Mr. F. H. Hawkins

EDITORIAL COMMENT

with the Chairman, Secretaries and Acting Treasurer named in the following paragraph. -! _ The conference also recommended the appointment of Dr. John R. Mott as Chairman and Mr. J. H. Oldham as Secretary of the International Committee, the Rev. A. L. Warnshuis, D. D. as Asso- ciate Secretary and Mr. James M. Speers as Acting Treasurer.

The' Emergency Committee of Cooperating Missions will con- tinue its present functiorrs until the above plan has received the general appr-oval of the national missionary organizations in the different countries.- The national missionary organizations are asked to approve of entrusting the following tasks to the International Missionary Committee = ea) Further consideration of present restriction on missionary work with a view to taking such steps in cooperation with the national missionary organ- izations in the countries concerned as may lead to their removal or allevia- tion.

eb) The thorough study of the present position of Christian education throughout the world in view of the rapid extension of state systems of edu- cation as set forth i'n the statement, "The Missionary Situation after the War." (c) Consideration of the steps necessary to bring about international cooperation in the provision of adequate Christian literature for the mis- sion fields.

(d) A study of other problems involved in the relations of missionaries to political questions as outlined in the staterrient, "The Missionary Situation aft- er the War."

ee) A study of the attitude and policy of the missionary movement in relation to the growth of industrialism in Asia and other mission fields, and the social problems arising therefrom.

CONFERENCE ON HOME MISSIONS N OONE) who attends the Conference of the Home Mission'S Council and the Council of Women for Home Missions can fail to realize the immense importance, variety and scope of the task before the Church of Christ in evangelizing and Christianizing those who live under the" Stars and Stripes." At these Conferences the great needs and the weighty problems are discussed; facts ar.e presented and solutions proposed. There are not only the problems of such frontiers as Alaska, the mining and lumber camps, southern mountaineers, migrant workers and rural communities; but there are the problems of evangelizing and educating the 12,- 000,000 and more Negroes, the 135,,000 Indians (over 40,000 of them untouched) and 1,500,000 Spanish speaking peoples, the 3,000,000 Jews, the Chinese, Japanese and Hindus and millions of other immigrants from Europe, who are ignorant and need the preaching of the Gospel, Christian instruction and general upbuilding.

The importance and difficulties of these tasks can 'Scarcely be ovp,r estimated. If they are not undertaken adequately and promptly, the Christian civilization of America is threatened, as well as

America's influence in the world. The task is much too great for anyone denomination to complete. All must work together.

Cooperative study and action with a view to solving these pro~ lems characterizes the work of the Home Missions Council. Com- mittees, representing.various Boards, are formed to s,tudy various phases of the question, and their reports are the main features of the annual Conferences, in which men and women hold joint and separate sessions. Recommendations are made which are referred to the constituent Boards for their action.

The Council meetings this year were held in New York, Janu- ary 12 to 14, Dr. Charles L. Thompson and Mrs. F. S. Bennett pre- siding. One address' was given by Dr. Harry Emerson Fosdick, who spoke on "Home Missions for the New Day," and urged that the Church of Jesus Christ has an international viewpoint and an eco- nomic message; that it must help in a larger way to handle the Chris- tianization of the multitudes now coming to America from other lands. We should renew our emphasis on the old truth that human nature can be transformed by Jesus Christ, that folks can be con- verted. This is the reason for home mission activity.

Dr. Walter Laidlaw, Secretary of the New York City Federa- tion of Churches, gave an address on "The Present Status of Re- ligious Bodies in America," in which he compared the government religious survey of 1916 with the census made in 1906, showing that , unless religion is more widely diffused among the people of our great cities there is little hope for the future of the nation. In the lower East Side of New York City, there were more Protestant church members in 1916 than in 1906, but there are now more Jewish synagogues in this section than there are Protestant churches on the whole of Manhattan Island.

Among the items of interest brought up at the Council meet- ings are the following: Reports were made and appeals were voiced in behalf of the Negro, who is moving away from the drudgery of southern rural life, and is seeking a place in the northern states.

Attention was called to the thousands of immigrants who return to Europe after living in the United States without learning to speak an in- telligible sentence in English, This raises the question of our responsibility for the people dwelling in America, and yet never becoming one with us.

Prayer, Bible study, stewardship, personal community work and pub- licity for evangelism are back of the "Porto Rico for Christ" Movement.

The largest single action in mission work for the year has been the formation of a United Mission Board for Santo Domingo.

Training schools for rural ministers have proved a boon to country preachers.

Day-of-prayer programs for Women's Boards have been a great spiritual stimulus.

The work of winning young women to Home Mission service is progress- ing. The fourteen interdenominational schools of missions conducted in dif- ferent parts of the country under the united leadership of representatives of

EDITORIAL COMMENT

women's organizations of twenty-nine different denominations had a registration in 1920 ranging from 122 to 1,318.

Cooperation in training native leaders for Spanish-American work in the Southwest is essential if the results already achieved are to be conserved and increased.

The increased knowledge of rural sections given by the surveys challenges the Church anew to provide a ministry for vast unoccupied fields.

The American Negro, educated by the Church, is now asking the Church to help him realize the vision of democracy held up before him as he was emerging from ignorance.

Plans for better church buildings printed by the Council have been received with enthusiasm.

The allocation of Indian Missions to various denominations is resulting in better service.

Only the best trained missionary can serve effectively in Mormon fields. The overlapping of denominational work for Orientals on the Pacific Coast is to be deplored and should be corrected. 'the work done for farm and cannery emigrants revealed conditions unbelievable in a Christian country. The campaign of recruiting for the Home Mission force is opening the eyes of college men and women to real opportunity for life service in a field seldom before brought to their attention. The survey on the cities showed a wealth of material for guidance in adequately ministering "where cross the crowded ways of life."

The general committee of immigrant aid at Ellis Island is unifying and c;trengthening the religious work done for the newly-landed. A firm foundation for practical working together has come out of the year's experience of the Committee on New Americans.

Alaska still waits for the interest it needs of both the State and the Church plans are being perfected to divide responsibility in that vast peninsula.

The Home Missions Council is endeavoring through its publicity department to interpret the purpose and practice of great evangelical bodies in their effort to hasten the Christianization of the United States by the elimination of duplicated work, by providing a Christian ministry where there is none by means of allocating tasks and territory, by the standardization of common tasks, by the interchange ~f experience and plans, and by the building of a forward-looking program that is concerned more in results for the Kingdom of God on earth than in denominational aggrandizement." Denominational cooperation is growing and henceforth there will be a joint meeting of the Executive Committees of the two Councils of men and women twice a yea,r. There is a joint Administrative Committee, to which common interests are referred and which names the chairmen of joint Standing Committees. And a joint budget is also prepared for the joint work of the two Council's. Cooperation is to be sought with the Foreign Missions Conference and the Federation of Woman's Boards of Foreign Missions in establishing a joint Bureau of Information and Publicity in the matter of legacies to missionary agencies.

UNITED CONFERENCES OF WOMEN T HE increasing spirit of cooperation among denominational mission Boards is evident in the conferences that bring together the various agencies which face similar tasks from different points of view. These conferences bring together workers to consider related problems, and to formulate interdependent plans and policies. The joint session of the Executive Committees of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America and the Council of Women for Home Mi.ssions, which met in New York in January, wa's the first time that these women's home and foreign agencies have been brought together. For many years, while some denominations have united their home and foreign mission work under one organization, there has been generally a distinct line of cleavage between the two spheres of service, so that the foreign mission task and mission work in the home 'land have had few points of contact. The January joint meeting, however, reviewed as a unit the recent achievements in unification of methods, discussed plans for increase in efficiency and planned the lines along which advance should be made.

The influence was evident of the United Day of Prayer for Missions, which was inaugurated in February, 1920, and which was observed again on Fehruary 18, 1921. There is need for a united policy in state and local women "s church and missionary federations, and in their relation to city federations or councils of churches; Other topics of vital interest and importance to the work of both the Home and Foreign Mission agencies pointed out the need for future joint sessions, and plans were laid for another similar meeting at an early date. Joint committees are now responsible for s()me phases of the work, and there will he joint sessions of the Executive Committees of these two organizations, representing woman's missionary work throughout the world.

INDIAN CHRISTIANS ON INDIA'S UNREST A T A time like the present when men's minds are excited and their passions are aroused by real or fancied wrongs and by ambition for power, it is profitahle to look to the foundations of our convictions, and to tone down our ambitions to meet the requirements ·of Christian ideals. The members of the National Missionary Council of India, Burma and Ceylon have recently sent out a statement that should have the effect of quieting and stabilizing the Christians of the Indian Empire. The princ'iples include (1) the oneness of humanity as the basis of society in God's plan; (2) the infinite value ()f each human soul as shown by the death of Christ for all; (3) the duty of each illdividual to serve his fellow-man; (4) equal justice for all in industrial.and political relationships-

EDITORIAL COMMENT

the employer and employee, the governors and the governed; (5) unity in national life secured by the hearty cooperation and good will of all, and the avoidance of oppression, violence, suspicion or intimidation; (6) the realization of international brotherhood and the elimination of self-aggrandizement and unfair competition, (7) the responsibility of the stronger and more favored to help the weaker and backward race,s without exploitation ·or injury; (8) the purpose of Christ to give more abundant life and liberty to all, so that each individual and nation may develop in usefulness socially, politically and spiritually. After a confession of failure to practice these principles, or to attain these ideals" the members of this Indian Christian Society make the following appeal: "We appeal for just and sane judgments, both of men and things. It is not just to judge a century by some of the months in it, a whole nation by certain of its members, or its whole history by a few of its pages. The history of every imperial power contains pages stained and disfigured; we do not pretend that the history of the British Empire is an exception to this rule. But the fact is beyond controversy that, now for a long time, it has been characterized by an ever growing tendency to grant to its component parts increasing measures of self-government. The Empire is becoming a Commonwealth of Nations, and those nations are learning to regard themselves as a family. The attention of the llritish people is now turned to India, and we believe that there is a general and sincere desire among them that India should have full self-government, as soon as possible. We urge all the inhabitants of this country, both foreigners and Indians, to accept with goodwill the recent changes in the system of Government, and to do all in their power to make the new conditions a successful stage in the progress toward that goal. Given mutual good-will on the part of both ra~es, and confidence in each other's intentions, the future will be bright with promise.

We call upon all men, in the name of God, to lay aside all race hatred, and class hatred, upon which it is impossible to build any solid structure, social or politicaL We utter a solemn warning against the desperate and false contention that the inequalities of the existing order can only be removed by violence and blood. The truth is that society cannot be reconstructed by breaking the elementary laws of God. We utter an equally solemn warning against the inclination, which is one of the evil legacies of war, to trust to force as the means of pro~ curing obedience and maintaining authority. The truth is that Society cannot be saved by force, apart from that reasonableness and equity in Government and Administration, which win the hearts of the people.

We beg all our fellow citizens to turn to God, Who created them to be brethren, and to seek from Him, who alone can give it, the power to love as brethren and in love to serve one another. By that power we can find the way out of our anxieties. In His light we shall see light.

This is advice which all of us would do well to heed-men be- come restless in proportion as they fail to have confidence in God. Self-seeking and violence decrease in proportion as we realize that all men are brothers whom Christ J esu·s came to save.

PROT'ESTANT WORK IN 8ANTO DOMINGO A LET'TER to Miss Nellie M. Whiffen, one of the few American missionaries in the Dominican Republic, has brought the fol- lowing statement of facts: The following churches are doing missionary work in the Do- minican Republic : Wesleyan Methodist of England, the Free Meth- odist of North America, the Moravian, the African Methodist and the United Brethren of Porto Rico.

The work of the Wesleyan Methodist Church is confined to the coast towns. Their services are conducted almost exclusively in English and their work .is among Negro Protestants who-either the present residents or their ancestors-have come to this country from nearby English-speaking islands or are descendants of a negro colony that came from the United States nearly one hundred years ago. At present, they haye but one foreign missionary, Rev. William Mears of Puerto Plata, services in most of their churches being conducted by local preachers. They have churches in Monte Cristi, Puerto Plata, Sanchez and Samana.

The Moravian Church has work in Santo Domingo City, San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana. Their services are also in English and their work is among English-speaking Negroes.

The African Methodist Church has work in Samana and Santo Domingo City. Their work is in English and for English negroes.

The United Brethren Church has sent workers from Porto Rico, who have missions in San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana. Their work is in Spanish and', I understand, is meeting with success. There is, also, in San Pedro de Macoris an independent Spanish mission, the pastor of which is a Porto Rican. ' . In Santo Domingo City, there is an Episcopal Church with services in English. In the capital city the only Protestant church having services in Spanish is the Adventist. They, also, have recently opened a mission in Moca.

The Free Methodist Church conducts work in Sanchez, and in the interior. It is a mission to the Dominicans and the services are in Spanish. There are now on the field ten American missionaries-two men and eight women; also an American teacher. Two missionaries, a man and wife, are on furlough and a new missionary, a woman, is expected in October of this year. Two Dominican workers, a man and wife, give full time to the work and are supported by the Missionary Board. Another man, native of Venezuela but since boyhood a resident of this country, assistant traffic manager of the Samana and Santiago Railroad, is one of our pastors and hopes, soon to give full time. Two other native pastors receive no salary. This church is conducting services regularly in the following towns: Santiago, San Francisco de Macoris, Sanchez, Pimentel, Palmar, EI Ranchito. There are also, groups of members but without regul;j,r pastors in Moca, La Ceiba, Alta Mira and La Fundacion. In Santiago, there are two mission buildings in which regular Sunday and week-night meetings are held; also, a week-night gospel service in another part of town. There are three Sunday-schools in different parts of town and on in the country.

In San Francisco de Macoris, there is a church building capable of seating three hundred persons, a hqme for the missionaries and pupils and a school building. Last year, a large building was also rented to furnish accommodation for the eighty-seven boarding pupils.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

In Sanchez, a new church building is nearing completion. The work has been largely evangelistic, but much attention has also been given to the school. Of the missionaries now on the field, three are nurses.

The Free Methodist Church has 211 members. Last year's report gives four hundred thirty as receiving religious instruction regularly and five thousand, seven hundred who receive instruction occasionally.

There is an independent movement called The Dominican Missionary Association. This is not a split from the Free Methodist church. It has churches in Moca arid Salcedo and several groups of converts throughout the country. .

The almost continuous revolutions for many years made mis- sionary work difficult; for months at a time traveling was impossible and the missionary could do little more than stay on the field.

Since the American occupation in 1916, the country is improv- ing in many ways. The education of children is now compulsory.

Better city and rural schools have been established and the system of education is constantly improviI!g.

The government is establishing hospitals for the poor. These are to be thoroughly equipped in charge of American dQctors and nurses with training schools for Dominican nurses.

Santiago, Puerto Plata, San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana are lighted by electricity; Santo Domingo City has an inferior service for the streets. Santiago and Puerto Plata have good water systems.

Good automobile roads are being put through the country. There is now a road from Monte Cristi passing through Santiago, Moca and La Vega. A road is being constructed from Santiago to Puerto Plata; and another from La Vega through Bonao to Santo Domingo City. There are two railroad lines; from Puerto Plata to Moca and from Moca to Sanchez. There are, also, short lines in the southern part of the island.

From the missionary's standpoint the great need is the gospel of Christ. All of the towns and many of the country places of the Northern District have been visited by Gospel workers. The greatest need is in the southern part of the island where with the exception of San Pedro de Macoris and La Romana the gospel is carried to the Dominicans only on occasional evan~elistic trips.

There is much that might be done to uplift the people by instruc- tion as to the evils of intoxicating drinks and tobacco, social vices, the necessity of hygiene in the home, the home care of little children and the sick. There is need of wholesome reading and diversion.

The government and the American Red Cross are planning to meet some of these needs. Of the English Negroes, there are probably seven hundred or eight hundred Protestant Christians and of the Dominicans about five hundred. The work is still difficult. But the stoning of buildings and workers that we so often experienced in earlier years is now rare. The bitter opposition a.nd persecution that

the first converts suffered is not so often met with now. In visiting in the homes, instead of being met with, "I do not wish to change my religion" we often hear, "I cannot become a convert because I cannot give up my vices" or "I cannot forgive as you do. "

Miss Whiffen who lives in Sanchez has been a missionary of the Free Methodist Church in the Dominican Republic since 1908. She states that the conditions there are not as black as they have been painted and that for at least thirty years Santo Domi~ican towns have been connected by telegraph. and for over twelve years there has been a public telephone system. In Santiago and other towns most well-to-do people have telephones in their homes and places of business. There has also been for many years cable connection with South America and New York. Methods of travel are everywhere not so primitive as represented since it is possible to journey by train from Puerto Plata on the South to Moca on the North in seven or eight hours, and automobile roads connect various points.

The 1917 census showed that fifty percent of the inhabitants were literate and since compulsory education was introduced the illiteracy has been steadily decreasing. The educational system is in ascending scale from primary grades in country districts, reaching the eighth grade in larger towns and to hig~ schcols in Santiago and Santo Domingo City. .

The actual conditions in the island-especially moral conditions -are deplorable, but they can be bettered only by the sympathetic help of Christians who recognize the good qualities of the people.

WHY HELP THE CHINESE FAMINE SUF.FERERS B ETWEEN fifteen and twenty millions of human fellow beings are in danger of dying of starvation in China. They are s,tarv- . ing, freezing and dying of disease, but millions of lives can be ,saved if we who have enough and to spare will respond immediately to their appeals for help. It is unthinkable that Christians will fail to respond. First, because our brothers and sisters, including little chil- dren, are .sta.rving and freezing. Second, because Jesus Christ, our Lord and Saviour, ·identified Himself with suffering humanity by feeding the hungry multitudes, by healing the "Sick and by declaring that if we have ministered to the least of these His brethren we have done it unto Him.

Third, our missionaries in China claim to be ministers of Christ and to manifest His love for humanity. If we fail in this extremity, how can we expect the Chinese to listen to and believe our message?

Fourth, sympathetic help at this time will be a wonderful means of revealing the love and spirit of Christ, and will open the hearts of the Chinese to receive the Bread of Life, which will save them from p,ven greater famine of soul.

LIDJ YASSU OF ABYSSINIA IN ROYAL

Abyssinia-The Most Ancient Monarchy BY C. T. HOOPER, PORT SAID, EGYPT Agent of the British and Foreign Missionary Society A BYSSINIA, the old Kingdom of Ethiopia., is, perhaps the most ancient monarchy in the world. It has a peculiar posi- tion in Africa beca.use of its marked physical characteristics. The stronghold of this revived power is a great highland region, roughly triangular in shape, between the Red Sea and the basin of the Nile-a country that has never been properly surveyed.

From an aeroplane Abyssinia would appear like a huge group of wrinkled knobs on a table-land at an elevation of 7,000 feet ·or more, from which peaks, topped with snow and rooted in rocky glens and gorges, rise in some cases to over twice that height. Though 185

volcanic energy appears to be no longer active, on the east side it has done much to shape the wildly-broken features, among which lava plains, crater lakes, hot springs, and other volcanic phenomena are still evident. In the wet season heavy rains sweep down the mountain sides and rush through the stupendous gorges, to be lost in the plains beyond. Differences of elevation naturally give Abyssinia a great range of temperature, and of variety in climate. The products of the country follow the same variation, ,so that in the lowlands are found the aloe, ebony wood, thomyacacias, etc., and higher ;up we have' grain fields and pasture lands: On these heights the full force of the African sun is. not felt, so that Africa's scourge (fever) is not found there. Indeed, but for mountain-sickness it would be one of the healthiest countries in the world. The cattle are exceedingly fine, the horses very beautiful, the mules stronglimbed. Birds of every size and color are seen, and there are many wild 'beasts of various kinds.

A century ago, what we now know as Abyssinia was 'Split up into Tigre on the north, Amhara in the center, Shoa on the south, and other communities (each more or less turbulently independent under their own princes) on the east. This state of things was ended by Theodore, who, about the middle of the century, succeeded in subjugating the rival Rases, and was recognized by other nations as monarch of Abyssinia. After Napier's succe'Ssful expedition to Magdala in 1868, Theodore committed suicide, and John, Ras of Tigre, was allowed to proclaim himself emperor. This prince warred successfully against his Egyptian neighbors, but in 1889 was killed by the Mahdi's dervi'Sh horde. His supremacy had never been admitted by Menelik. II, King of Shoa, who came forward as his successor, and mastered t4e anarchy into which the country had fallen. Menelik II, Emperor of Abyssinia, took the title of Negusa Negust-"King of Kings"-having successfully united the states of AbY'Ssinia. . This genial Shoan, coming down from the mountain fastness of Entotto, built his capital on the open ground, naming it "Addis Abeba~' "The New Flower" and, with an iron hand, crushed all his enemies. He built up his empire internally and externaJ.ly, calling his own ministers, and regulating the various departments of government like a European ,sovereign. A heavy calamity fell on the empire when the death of this monarch was announced in December, 1914: Menelik's grandchild, Lidj Yassu, became Negus, but in the autumn of 1916 when this king was absent from the capital on a visit to Harrar, in the south, a meeting was summoned, at which th.eArchbishop, Abuna Mattheos, and all the Abyssinian chiefs were :p.te~ent. The Abuna released the people and their chiefs from their SOIElnl.n oath of allegiance to Lidj Yassu, who was declared to be

ABYSSINIA-THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

deprived of his inheritance, the throne of Ethiopia, and in his place Zowditu, the daughter of the late emperor, Menelik II, was elected Empress of Ethiopia. The reason for this transfer of the throne is said to be unfaithfulness to, and intrigue against, his country by Lidj Yassu, who was secretly supported by his father, Ras Mikael. The father and son together quickly organized open rebellion against the government. This was terminated in a big battle north of the capital, that re'sulted in the government's favor.

THE ABYSSINIAN CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE IN ADDIS ABEBA, THE CAPITAL The Church of Abyssinia claims high veneration for its antiquity. Tradition says that the earliest evangelist of Abyssinia was that treasur'er of Queen Candace whom Philip baptized on "the way that goeth down from Jerusalem unto Gaza." We are on surer ground when we come to the historical work of Frumentius and Adesius, twD wandering missionaries from Egypt, who reached Abyssinia in 330 A.. D. Within ten years of their arrival remarkable and wide-spread results had followed their preaching. The king himself had submitted to baptism; two-thirds of the heathen temples in his kingdom had been turned into Christian churches. In 340 A. D. that great father of the Eastern Church; Athanasius, who was then Patriarch of Alexandria, consecrated Frumentius as first Bishop of Abyssinia. From that time forward the Abyssinian Church has always called its chief bishop out of Egypt.

Thus it was not by force of arms, llor by treaty, but by con- 'viction, that the people of Ethiopia were led to adopt the Christian faith. This explains their tenacious hold of Christianity through so many centuries of darkness and superstition. Abyssinia claims the unique distinction .of b€ing the only Christian African kingdom.

Three hundred years later Mohammedanism swept over Arabia, Syria and Egypt. In the seventh and eighth centuries this new power surged round the Christian realm of Abyssinia, and 'Succes- sive caliphs made futile onslaughts upon its territory. They ut- terly failed to penetrate the recesses of Ethiopia proper, whose mountain fastnesses proved an asylum for a harassed Christian people. Thus, as Gibbon says, "Encompassed by the enemies of her religion, the Ethiopians slept for nearly a thousand years, forgetful of the world by whom they were forgotten."

In the latter half of the fifteenth century there arose the greatest curiosity to penetrate this mysterious Christian realm. The secret was solved by a Portuguese expedition led by the noble Marquis de Covilha. In 1487 he stood face to face with the Emperor of the Ethiopians, and obtained trading privileges for his nation. Soon Jesuit missionaries arrived in Portuguese ,ships. The Christians dif- fered from the We'Stern Church in doctrine, as well as in practice, but their cardinal heresy lay in deferring to the Patriarch of Alexandria rather than to the Pope of Rome. The Jesuits did their utmost to win Abyssinia to papal obedience. In 1603 a king succeeded to the throne who professed the Roman faith, but when the Jesuits at last essayed methods of persecution and coercion the people rebelled, and the king was compelled to abdicate in favor of his son, who, in 1633, banished Jesuits and Portuguese alike from his domains.

For two hundred years longer only two Europeans are known to have penetrated into the heart of the country. One was Bruce, the famous traveler, who reached Gondar, then the capital, in 1769, and his travels still give an authoritative account of the people and their customs. With the nineteenth century, scientific, political and religious missions from Europe began to reach Abyssinia. For over one hundred years the British and Foreign Bible Society has been working for Abyssinia, for within a few years of its foundation it succeeded in getting into friendly communication with the Abyssinian Church. They printed in Ethiopic first the Psalter (in 1815), then the four Gospels, and in 1830, the New Testament. Meanwhile the Church Missionary Society had designated two missionaries, oGobat and Kugler, to Abyssinia, and had despatched them to Egypt, to await an opportunity of traveling to their destination. With them went several thousand copies of the Ethiopic Scriptures, supplied by' the Bible Society. At Cairo, Gobat and his companion came acr.oss an Abyssinian and his servant slowly dying of disease and neglect.

1921J ABYSSINIA- THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

In pity, the missionaries took these lllen to their own humble quar- ters, and nursed them back to health. The Abyssinian was an envoy from his chief, Ras Saba Gadis, to Muhammad Ali Pasha of Egypt, and was himself a governor of a district. He immediately wrote to his chief, telling how he had been befriended. In reply there came a cordial invitation to Messrs. Gobat and Kugler to visit Ras Saba Gadis in his own country. Throughout their journey from Massowah every attention and hOllOr was paid them. An escort of soldiers was 'provided with mules to ride, and transport for baggage, which included several camel loads of Scriptures. In February~ 1829, Go- bat ~w rites : "We found all our luggage safely in the best house of the place. The prince received us with open arms, and a3 long as he lived he was most kind to us."

There is no space to tell of Go- bat's labors, his journeys and his Scripture distribution. Instances are mentioned where persons gave all their property in order to pur- chase a New Testament. One man gave hilS two oxen for a copy of the Gospel; another gave four ox- en in exchange for the book.

The first complete version of the Scriptures in the Amharic vernac- ular language of Abyssinia was prepared at Cairo in 1809. The French Consul there was a scholar and a linguist, M. Asselin de Cher- ville, who became interested in the THE ARCHBISHOP OF THE ABYSSINIAN lcaenl. vgeudagteheofdeAS'blgynssi0nfiat, raaInnsdta'croung- CHURCH some book into the colloquial dialect to make it known among the learned of Europe. He decided upon the Bible as the best book for his purpose, and among the Abys- sinian pilgrims on their way to Jerusalem he dis·covered a sick old man, friendless and poor, who proved to be of the greatest possible assistance in the task. Abu Rumi (for that was his name) had w'andered as a merchant over Egypt, Armenia, Persia and India. He was a ma.ster of his own vernacular, as well as of other languages.

Out of gratitude to M. de Cherville, Abu Rumi engaged to do what no pecuniary reward would have induced him to undertake. Patient toil for ten years ace.omplished the laborious task of translating the whole Bible into the Amhari c vernacular. The British and Foreign Bible Society in London purchased the translation for £1275, and the

manuscript of nearly a thousand folio pages reached London in 1820. The Amharic Gospels were published in 1824; the New Testament followed in 1829; the Old Testament was then edited ap.d issued; and, in 1842, the first complete Amharic Bible was published by the Society.

In 1855 Prince Casai contrived to seat himself securely on the throne of Abyssinia, taking the title of Emperor Theodore II. The promise of his youth was darkened by habits of intoxication and cruelty; and a crisis came when Theodore laid violent hands on the British Consul, missionaries and envoy. After years of negotiations a British force under Sir Robert Napier landed, and marched to Magdala, which was stormed on Good Friday morning, 1868. The prisoners were relea:sed at the last moment, but Theodore died by his own hand.

Much of interest could be said regarding the inhabitants of Abyssinia, but we must content ourselves here with noting that they are a nation of warriors, shepherds and peasants; brave and unaooustomed to restraint; strong and enduring when at work; fierce and cruel when they take up the more congenial business of bloodshed. Slim in build, though tall, and chocolate-brown in color, the Abyssinian wears linen trousers coming half-way below the knee, and a shirt over which he throws a loose toga called a "shamma." Menelik set the fashion of wearing a wide-awake hat, which makes an incongruous contrast with the native costume. The dress of a woman is a folded wrapper that covers all the body. They are fond of necklaces, anklets, rings, charms, etc. Their hair is done up in elaborate plaits, which are greased by placing a pat of butter on the top of the head to melt in the sun. The effect can be imagined, which is seldom pleasing to the nose of a westerner, seeing that rancid butter plays a more active part in their toilet than soap. The man's proudest ornament is a curious crooked sword, which he wears on the right side, mounting his mule on the left side. Lances, daggers and spears are the native weapons, though latterly rifles and cartridges 'are fast becoming the commonest means of defense. The people eat raw meats, hot peppers, ,etc., and drink a kind of beer called "tedj," made from the honey of bees. They have religious prejudice against smoking, but use tobacco for snuffing and chewing.

What is being done to bring the Mes'Sage of Life to these people? In the Italian province of Eritrea in the north the Swedish Mission has a very active center at Asmara, with several outlying stations in that province. Here they have a healthy church and schools, together with medieal work and a printing press. During 1917 the Rev. J. Ivansson posted the following encouraging neW'S: "There is a promising religious movement in the interior of Abyssinia, especially among the Moslems, of whom ahout 10,000 have, during the last five or six years, received Christian baptism from the Abyssinian Church. The

ABYSSINIA-THE MOST ANCIENT MONARCHY

center of – the movement is in Sokota, in the Amhara country, where the apostle of the Christian Movement, the ex-sheikh Zaccaria, now called Noaye Kristos, a person of great influence, is established. Two of his disciples, also ex-sheikhs, Alaka Paulos of Tigre and Alaka Petros of Sokota, visited us last January, especially in order to acquire copies of the Holy Scriptures, and to consolidate their acquaintance with evangelical Christians. It is worth noting that this religious awakening is of an evangelical character. The first cause of the awakening appears to have been the study of the Holy Scriptures distributed by the British and Foreign Bible Society in Abyssinia. These new Christians, not being satisfied with the ancient form of the Coptic Church, are very desirous to study the Bible, and have organized from among themselves a numerous body of teachers, said to number about five hundred, with the object of teaching their youth to be able to read the Scriptures."

A member of this same mission obtained leave from Menelik to stay in Addis Abeba, where he died in 1919. Early in 1920 the mis- sion sent up three more workers to the capital. .

Dr. Lambie of the American United Presbyterian Mission, working on the upper reaches of the Nile, has also been invited to take up work in Abyssinia.

The British and Foreign Bible Society are pouring into the country a steady stream of Scriptures from three sides. The books are provided in IDthiopic, Amharic, Tigre, Tigrinya, Galla, Kunama, Harti and Ogaden. The Society now has its own depot in Addis Abeba. In 1914 the writer visited Abyssinia and obtained from the Archbishop of Abyssinia a written permission, bearing the gov- ernment seal of authority, to establish a Bible-depot in the capital for the distribution of the Holy Scriptures throughout the land. A central site has been purchased already, and a depot now exists and is doing good work. A recent journey of -over 900 miles from Kharlum into Abyssinia, by a colporteur of the Society, resulted in the sale of 23 Bibles, 106 Testaments, and 710 portions-a total of 839 copies, in six languages, and of the value of £30-11-1. The time occupied was 84' days, and the expenses incurred in traveling were £7-12-8. Apart from these agencies mentioned nothing whatever is being done to give the living Gospel of Christ to the people of this great country.

What is the true condition of the Abys:sinians ~ Of the missionary the Abyssinians ask: "Why do you come to us? We are Chris- tians. Pass on to the heathen and the Moslem." From their point of view this contention is just. But let us remember that they know nothing whatever of true Christian life. They are strangers to the saving power of Christianity. The whole Bible to them is much the same as the Old Testament is to the Jews. For centuries they have tried to live upon the rites and ceremonies of their church, without the sure light and guidance of God 's Word. While Ethiopia is timidly in touch with western civilization it is at the "Same time not far removed from savagery.

What should be done? We must not forget that, whatever op- position has been shown to the missionaries, the vantage ground of approach is great, in that the Abyssinians have nothing but welcome for the Bible which we cherish. Here, then, is the starting point for the worker. The two great crying needs of these people are easily seen. First, there must be a wider distribution of the Scriptures in the languages of the country. Secondly, Bible teachers are re- quired. But to seek to enter the country designated as a "mission- ary," or a "preacher," would, in all probability, close the door. However, to devoted men -and women, with a passion for souls, call- ing themselve"S "readers" or "teachers," and prepared to live humbly among the people, there would be a warm welcome, and a way for unfolding the Gospel message of Life in Jesus Christ.

Surely among these eight million people one sees a needy field for wise and tactful workers, prepared to stand clear of all eccles- iastical and political questions; refraining from active interference with the worship and the usage'S of the people, leaving God's jBook to' accomplish lits own mission-to win a nation for God. This great inland African kingdom, which has for so many centuries successfully checked the inroads of Islam into its own territory, may be the mighty, God-ordained power to break down the scourge of Islam in Ce.ntral Africa.

NUGGETS FROM RECENT ADDRESSES "We need today an efficient Church in which we are no longer satisfied with a Boanerges in the pulpit, a prima donna in the choir and a selfish millionaire in the pew." Rev. Joseph A. Vance, of Detroit.

"We need today something of the same spirit of adven- ture which the Pilgrim Fathers had. If they had put on the Mayflower the motto" Safety First," they 'would never have reached this country." -Bishop William Lawrence.

"The question confronting our country churches is whether ultimately the forty million of our American people who are engaged in agriculture-and there will never be less-are to live in a civilization that is wholly Christian or largely pagan. "-President Kenyon L. Butterfield.

"The Pilgrims founded a religious community with com- mercial principles, while the Dutch who came to New Amster- dam founded a commercial colony with religious principles." -Henry Van Dyke.

"The statesmanship that is needed' today is the states- manship of the Golden Rule. The Church is the only institu- tion that can furnish it. "-Rev. James T. Vance.

FIRST BUILDING OF THE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF

The College Hall was the first erected on the campus. It contains the library, dormitories and class rooms for the three upper classes of the School of Arts _and Scicnces~ and the wireless telegraphy apparatus. There is now a "time ball" on it~ set by wireless messages from Paris.

Two Missionaries and. Educators in Syria A Brief Account of the Work of Daniel Bliss and His Son Howard Bliss in Syrian Protestant College The following sketch of two well known and honored educators in Christian missionary work is written by one who was in close touch with both father and son who can therefore write intelligently and sympathetically of them and theit" work.-EDITOR.

I N THE fifty years' work of Daniel Bliss, as President and Presi- dent-Emeritus of the Syrian Protestant College–now re-named the American University of Beirut-his seven years' work as missionary of the American Board was a logical, indi~pensable preparation. The College was begun as a missionary college; t has been carried ~m as a missionary college; the spirit of its trustees and faculty today guarantee that it will continue to be a missionary college. It is a child of the American Mission, and for many years the majority of the pupils received their early training in American and British mission schools. While welcoming students of other faiths- Moslems; Jews, Druzes-Dr. Bliss hoped that the majority might continue to consist of Christians-Protestant, Greek, Maronite and others. He lived to see this majority lessen and since his death the 193

majority has become a minority, hut the body of mission-trained· students still gives. the tone to the institution.

The birth of the College is thus described in the Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss (pp. 162, ff.) : "During the years 1861 and 1862 the Reven~nd Dr. William M. Thom30n and I frequently conversed on the subject of higher education for Syria and the Arabic-speaking peoples of the East. Experience had led the missionaries to regard with little favor the plan to educate men out of the country * * * It was manifest that missionary societies, depending mainly for their support on small contributions, given for the direct preaching of the Gospel and for teaching children enough to enable tehdeumcattoionrea*d*u*ndIetrstwanads insgeleyn, could not divert their funds for this higher from the * * first that funds to establish such an institution would have to be furnishedfrom America and England * It appeared evident that a Board of Trustees, legalized by some responsible government, w* a*s *n.ecessary to give confidence in an enterprise calling for large donations "At the meeting of the Mission on January 23,1862, Dr. Thomson brought up the subject and suggested that Mr. Bliss be the Principal. It was th~n vot¢ that Messrs. Thomson alintderaBrylisisnsbteituatiocnomtombiteteleoctaotedprienpaBreeirautm*in*ut*e in relation to the contemplated On; Monday, January 27, the committee in their report recommended the establishment of a literary institution of a high character, to be guided and guarded by the combined wisdom and experience of the Mission, and that this important project should be submitted to the Prudential saCnocmtimonitt*ee*o*f the American Board in Boston for their consideration and A correspondence with the Secretaries in Boston and others brought out the * * * following points: that it was most important that the .establishment of * * * the college should not jeopardize the training of a Christian ministry that as, owing to the demand of the country, the creation of a higher institu- tion was inevitable, it was essential that the first of the kind should be estab- lished by Protestants, not by Jesuits; that the pupils should be educated with reference to the business which they might propose to follow, as ministers of the gospel, lawyers, physicians, engineers, secretaries, interpreters, merchants, clerks, etc."

A bill to inoorporate the Syrian Protestant College and Robert College (Constantinople), introduced into the Assembly at Albany, was signed by Governor Seymour on May 14, 1864. The College was opened with a service of prayer on Decembtlr 3, 1866, and the next autumn the Medical School was launched. The keynote of the President's religious attitude was struck in hi.s speech made on December 7, 1871, at the laying of the corner-st0ne of the main building: "This College is for all conditions and classes of men without regard to color, nationality, race or religion. A man, white, black or yellow: Christian, Jew, Mohammedan or heathen, may enter and enjoy all the advantages of this institution for three, four or eight years; and go out believing in one God, in many Gods, or in no God. But it will be impossible for anyone to continue with us long without knowing what we believe to be the truth and our reasons for that belief."

The condition of the College at the time of his death in 1916 may be seen in a quotation from the Reminiscences (pp. 215-216) :

-DANIEL BLISS-FOR FIFTY YEARS PRESIDENT AND PRESIDENT-EMERITUS OF ·

SYRIAN PROTESTANT COLI.ECE AT BEIRUT 195

"During his thirty-six years in the active presidency, Dr. Daniel Bliss had seen the evolution of the College from a group of sixteen students, housed in a few rooms, to a body of six hundred and twenty-six men and boys, divided among five departments: Preparatory, Collegiate, Ctuotmorms e*rci*al*, Medical and Pharmaceutical; and taught by forty professors and The Campus * of forty acres spread, then as now, over the level top of a hill, and sloped down towards the sea * * The twelve buildings included the old College Hall with library, lecture rooms and dormitories; Assembly Hall, Medical Hall, ,laboratories, etc. The students came from all parts of Syria and Palestine, from the valleys of the Nile and the Euphrates, from Cyprus aBnrdaztihle*Is*le*s of Greece, from Asia ·Minor a nd Armenia, from Persia and from As President-Emeritus Dr. Bliss lived to see a considerable extension of the campus, the doubling of the number of buildings * * * the development of a Training School for Nurses, an increase in the student body to almost a thousand, and of the teaching and administrative force to about eighty."

So much for the objective side of the life of Daniel Blis~ The man behind the work is unconsciously revealed in his own "Remin- iscences" written in the peaceful years following his retirement from the active presidency. Here we see revealed that balance of quali- . ties that explains his power over faculty and students: gentleness and strength; sympathy and reserve; initiative and sillf-effacement; tact and authority; shrewdness and simplicity; ardor and prudence; zeal and patience; common sense and vision; wit and wisdom; this worldliness and other worldliness. He was ever a leader who cared nothing for leadership for its own sake. On his last visit to A.merica in his eighty-seventh year, a stranger, learning he was from Syria, exclaimed: "Then you can tell me something about the great Syrian Prot- estant College, founded by Dr. X." .

Dr. Bliss gave a brief sketch of the in'Stitution.

"But didn't you tell him that you were the chief founder 7"

a'Sked one of his sons.

"No, why should I ~ " he answered.

Daniel Bliss was a prophetic builder. His foundations were broad and firm enough to hear future superstructures. He never.

built anything that had to be pulled down. He never built anything that might hamper future construction. His choice of a campu'S is an illustration of his vision. He bought land, not for the small institution that was, but for the great university that was to be.

Daniel Bliss was a born educator. He knew the Oriental psy- chology. He remembered that Jesus Christ "Spake unto them in parables," and 'So s.pake as to illuminate and not to obscure the thoughts presented to his Oriental hearers. Beautiful illustrations of this method he has given us in that part of his Reminiscences de- voted to his Biblical instruction. "My title in the catalogue, he tells us, "is President, and Professor of Bible and Ethics. It would he more truthful though less classic to say, Professor of Story Telling. "

His preaching had that simplicity that seemed to ignore difficul-

TWO MISSIONARIES AND EDUCATORS

ties, alld 10! when the sermon was over imaginary difficulties had vanished. . With him the trees-and the underbrush I-never ob- scured the wood. His was the simplicity of the sea. In following him, you seemed to be stepping down a g'ently-shelving beach, into shallow water, and, before you knew it, you were launched into the unfath- omable ocean.

"Faith in God and faith in man"-these he tells us lay at the foundation of the College. He had both in abundance. Quaintly he remarks: "I cannot tell the philosophy of it, but trusting a boy makes him tru·stworthy. In those early days some one said to my wife, 'We cannot lie to Dr. Bliss because he trusts.us.' Possibly this may have been so."

The Reminiscences give illustrations of his original methods of discipline. His quiet influence and authority pervaded the campus. "I cannot keep order in my classes," onCB exclaimed an excitable teacher of French, "while Dr. Bliss just walks up and down the campus, to and from his business, and there is perfect order!" His power of reticence was ever his -strong asset, giving weight to his ,'fords 'when he deemed the time had come to speak. ' ,Never make yourself cheap" was a warning he often gave.

His choice of colleagues was justified by the results. "The College has always had," he writes, "and has now, a remarkable set of profes-sors and instructors, both foreign and native. With scarcely an exception they are very radical and very conservative; radical in proving all things, conservative in holding fast to that which is good." This conservatism was admirably illustrated in himself by his attitude towards the Syrian instructors. The program of the College at its inception fore-shadowed the ultimate turning over of the institution to full native control. Such was the radical step to which the College was committed. The wise conservatism of Daniel Bliss, combined with that of the majority of his colleagues, operated to postpone the carrying out of the program during his long pret-iidency. Steps involving more responsibility for the Syrian professors were taken during his lifetime, under his son '8 administration. Since the death of the latter the Syrian professors, have been admitted to the General Faculty. Similar conservatism will doubtless operate, slowly and wisely, in determining the date for taking the radical step of carrying out the full program.

The work of Daniel Bliss and the work of Howard Bliss, who succeeded his father in 1902 and who died in May, 1920, a veritable yictim of the war, were mutually complementary. Daniel Bliss was eminently the builder, Howard Bliss was the expansionist; and yet there was hardly an item in the program of the latter which had not been anticipated in the plans of the former. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the sudden numerical increase in the institution bE'gan three years before Howard Bliss succeeded to the presi-

dency. Fundamentally they were of the same stuff. Temperamentally they were very different. Where Daniel Bliss acted and kept silent, Howard Bliss was apt to act and explain. But by no means always. During the gripping years of the war, when a misplaced word inight result in disaster, the reticence of Howard Bliss extended even to members of his own household. But there is no doubt that his gift of self-revelation, exercised with a charm and frankness that disarmed the enemies of the College, saved the institution. His relations with the Turkish officials have been severely criticized. Policy donbtless' entered into these relations. But there was infinitely more than policy. As dear to him as the preservation of the institution was the opportunity to preach its aims and ideals to whomsoever could be made to listen, be he British, French, Turk or German. He talked religion, not religions, to that cold-hearted and cruel cynic and agnostic Azmi Bey, the Governor of Beirut, even as Paul talked religion to Agrippa. He looked far beyond the war, and passionately believed that its wounds could more quickly be healed if individuals of belligerent nations could remain on decent, human terms during the war.

Early in the year 1919, President Howard Bliss was summoned to Paris where he worked ardently in the interests of self-determination for Syria. At the request of President Wilson he preSented the claims of that beloved land of his birth before the "big ten." ;He. continued to speak for Syria in the United States, even up to the very day, February 29, when he was stricken with tuberculosis, which ended his earthly career on May 2nd.

Seldom has it fallen to the lot of a college president to watch. from hour to hour his own work carried on by his son. The ways of Howard Bliss were not always the ways of Daniel Bliss, but the father rested content in his faith in his son. The son consulted the father. As such times, and at such times only, the father counseled the son. Side by side they sat on the college platform. Together they walked in the commencement procession. Together they strolled over the campus and spoke of the trees and of the shrubs, of the graduates and of the students, of their mvn hopes and of their own fears. Together they galloped oyer the sand-dunes, or wound through the hoary olive-groves. Their souls were knit in a triple knot: the love of father and son" the love of their dear college, and the love of their Father in Heaven. Their memories will live closely entwined in the souls of their pupils, scattered over the five continents of this poor world for whose redemption they worked together.

Education of Japanese

BY REV. A. K. REI SCHAUER, TOKYO, JAPAN Executive Secretary of the Woman's Christian College of Japan O F THE many effects which the War has had on Japanese life none is, perhaps, more far reaching than that on education, and especially on the higher education of women. It is probably safe to say that the standard for the latter has been raj-sell by about two years. To appreciate this change one should keep in mind what the educational system was before the war.

First of all, there was the primary school system, with its course extending over a period of six years. The system was coeducational and boys and girls attended in practically equal numbers. Something like 98% of the children of school age were enrolled. The point we wish to make here is that the Japanese girl of the primary school age has had about as good a chance for an elementary education as her brother.

When it comes to secondary and higher education the situation was different. The paths of the boys and the gids diverged at the beginning of the secondary system. The boy entered the so-called Middle School, while the girl entered the Girls' High School, the very names indicating that the hoy was destined for a more prolonged training than the girl. The boy, after he finished his five years in a middle school could then enter the so-called Koto Gakko, a higher ;school with a three years' course and which pr.epared him for the regular university course three or four years in length in its under-graduate department and two or more years in its postgraduate work. Or, if the boy did not wish to pursue such a long course after leaving the middle school he could enter anyone of a variety of special higher schools with courses extending over three, four or five years. With the girl, the education ladder was much shorter after leaving the elementary school. As stated above, she entered the Girls' High School offering a four or five years' course, and when she had finis:k.ed this course she was expected, in ninetynine cases out of a hundred, to get married and perform the duties of a II good wife and wise mother," a,s the official phrase has it. There were, of course, the two higher NorIllal Schools maintained by the Government and a few private schools of the Juni{)r College grade which a few of the twenty thousand graduates from Girls' High Schools could enter, but there was not one single institution in all Japan which offered to the young w{)men anything like a real college education. Even the course in the High School was far from what we in America mean by a High School course. It was much inferior to the courses in the boys' Middle Schools, even though it was to bring 199

to a close the educational career of practically all the girls. And what made the situation still more unsatisfactory was the fact that in most cases people were quite satisfied with this difference in standards for boys and girls; and in many parts of the country the Girls' High School that offered a four years' course was more popular than one that gave a five years' course, for the certificate of graduation was the thing desired, rather than the education which it was supposed to represent. For a marriageable daughter (and in Japan all daughters are marriageable if you do not let them grow too old) a high school certificate was a social a~set, even though it did not represent very much intellectual training; -in fact, if it had represented very much "strength of mind" it would have been anything but a dra.wing card in the marriage market, for the average Japanese husband does not want in his wife an intellectual companion but only a woman who will make him comfortable and assure a succession to the family. A recent Japanese writer saYis on this point, "They (wives) are taught to be obedient to their- husbands when married, and to their sons when they come to have sons. In a word, they are taught all the virtues of a slave. While women are enjoined to sacrifice all for the sake of men, men on the other hand enjoy the privilege of playing the tyrant over women."

But we are living in a new world today, and on all hands there are signs that the women of Japan will no longer be content to accept meekly what their lordly brothers and hUBband,s dole out to them as inferiors. And this spirit of restlessness and this demand for more of the good things of life is making itself felt most definitely, perhaps, in the field of education. The great industrial development that Japan hajS had a:s a result of the other nations withdrawing from the markets of the Orient opened many new lines of activity for both men and women. Many fields formerly occupied exclusively by men invited women workers. But for women to enter some of these fields successfully it was necessary that they have more education, especially of a practical kind. This led a number of Girls' High Schools to open isupplementary courses of one and two years in length; and more and more girls availed themselves of these supplementary courses, not simply to obtain a certificate of graduation and so stand !l .better chance in the marriage market, but rather to get an education and so fit themselves to earn a living, and in many cases to buy, their freedom and be in a position to refuse to marry if they did not like tbe cboice that their parents had made for them.

A great deal ha.s been said during the past year about the "New Woman" and not everything that has been said has been altogether complimentary. In fact, some of our Japanese men have been greatly concerned about this new type of woman and about the future of the male sex if this sort of thing should develop much further. A real crisis, they felt, was threatening their time honored customs

THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN

and institutions, for this new type ·of woman would no longer be meek and blindly obey her lord and master. Even young men who have drunk deeply from the fountains of Anglo-American culture were very much worried as to how harmony can be maintained in the home when the wife has a mind of her own and refuses to take her husband's word as absolute law.

But in spite of these fears on the part of the dominant sex which i" seeing its position of authority threatened, the woman movement has gone on and gathered momentum as it advanced. Even the con- servative educational department recognizes the fact that Japan can not hold her place among the nations of the world unless her women have greater initiative and are qualified to do much of the work that thus far has been done by men alone. The military au- thorities also see the point, for in time of war when the men are in tlle trenches the women have to take the vacant places, and in modern life many such places can be filled only by people with a certain de- gree of education. It is therefore not BO strange that the Govern- ment hal' recently decided to advance the standard for woman's edu- cation by about two years. The Girls' High Schools are to have advanced courses added of two and three years in length. The regular advanced course is to be of a general nature, but it is to be paralleled by several special courses giving training for very specific types of work. No details have been announced, and from what we have heard it would seem that the authorities are not at all clear in their own minds as to just what they want. It is an unusual op- portunity for pioneers who know how to lead off with a constructive policy. Christian educators, with experience in higher education for . women in the West, ought to be able to make a real contribution at this point.

What is, perhaps, even more 'significant than this change at the upper end of the secondary -system of education is the recent deci- sion on the part of the Imperial Universities to admit women stud- ents. One or two of the private universities are also throwing open a few courses to women, and other colleges and universities may follow suit. When a few years ago the Government announced its new expansion program for higher education which called for the e-stablishment of some thirty odd new colleges and the enlargement of existing schools, entailing the expenditure of millions of yen, we were amazed to find that none of these schools were to benefit the young wornen of Japan.' It simply showed that when the program was worked out the authorities were still thinking in terms of pre- war standards as far a-s the women were concerned. This recent de- cision to admit women to the universities therefore indicates how sentiment has changed in th~se two or three years.

The above decision is a great advance but it is easy to over estimate its value. As a matter of fact, it is not going to offer very

great advantages to the women of Japan, for the simple reason that these universities are already overcrowded, and that the best of them can be entered only through a system of competitive examination which often saps the very life blood .of even the strongest young men, and so it will not be an easy matter for young women to succeed, who are usually handicapped by an inferior secondary education and also by many household cares and family burdens from which their lordly brothers are free during their student days.

But taken all in all the situation today repr~sents a marked change over what it was only a few years ago, and it offers a unique opportunity for any group of educators who can lead off with a definite program both in secondary and in higher education. The establishment of a first class college for women at this time is therefore a matter of momentous consequence, not only by rea.son of the young women such an institution will send forth into the various walks of life, but because such a college will have a tremendous influence on the whole system of college education for women which is now beginning to take definite shape. Japanese institutions tend to become fixed and rigid when once es,tablished. It is therefore all the more important that in this formative period of higher education for women the best ~tandards and ideal'S be' set before the educational authorities, and this is what Christians have now an opportunity to do.

The Woman's Christian College .of Japan, founded in 1918, represents an effort to meet this situation. The College ha.s made a splendid beginning. It has as it's President Dr. Inazo Nitobe, one of Japan'ls leading educators and authors. Dr. Nitobe is now a member of the Secretariat of the League of Nations, and during his absence the Dean, Miss Tetsu Yasui, is acting President. Miss Yasui is a woman of sterling Christian character and recognized as Japan's leading woman educator. The faculty strikes a high average. The 194 students on the College roll'S represent all parts .of the Japanese Empire. About 50% come from Government High Schools and' the remainder from Mission and other private High Schools. About sixty-five per cent are pr,ofessing Christians. These students are enrolled in one or other of the following five courses: General Cultural Course, English Language and Literature, Japanese Language and Literature, Social Service and Bu'Sines's. As soon as the College is housed in permanent and more adequate quarters courses in Science, Household Science, Music, etc., will be opened. A number of electives are offered in all the courses. It is interesting to note that the subjects in which the students delve most deeply are Sociology and Philosophy. One of our American teachers in the College writes on this point a.s follows: "Questions pertaining to the position, of woman and her relationship to the various fields of labor are of tremendous interest. Ever since the College was established, a

· 1921] THE EDUCATION OF JAPANESE WOMEN

club composed of students has met once a week to discuss the problems confronting the women of today. To prove the sincerity of their de"Sire to better social conditions quite a large number of the students have been teaching in the Vacation Bible School this summer, conducted on the college grounds for Isome 200 children of the neighborhood. The social service course has attracted considerable attention, and the Social Service Bureau recently established in connection with the Ministry of Horne Affairs in the Imperial Cabinet is giving two scholarships to students in this department.

'The life of the College is in rather sharp contrast with what one finds in the average Japanese school for girls. The atmosphere of liberty into which the students come as soon as they enter the campus is a con"Stant surprise to them and so different from anything they have ever experienced. Student self-government helps to give them this sense ,of freedom, and they seem astonished to find that both officers and teachers treat them as beings able to reason, and expect them to think for themselves.

Another characteristic of the college life i"S its ;spirit of friendship. There is nothing of that cold stiffness which one often finds in a Japanese school. Not ,only students but many of the visitors frequently remark upon this.

The College is now in the third yea,r of its history. Although it ha"S not yet sent forth any graduates into active life it has already made for itself a large place in the thought of the womanhood of Japan, for it symbolizes to them in a real way the longings and aspirations of thousands of girls who are facing life witll a very different outlook from that which their mothers had. The motto of the College, chosen by the students themselves, is "Service and Sacrifice." This, it maybe felt, i"S a motto which fittingly characterizes what woman's life in Japan has always been, so why not select something new? Q~ite true, the life of Japanese womanhood has been largely a life of service and self-sacrifice, but in most cases lived out of sheer necessity. The educated womanhood of the future pledges herself to a life of service and sacrifice in the interest of an ideal she chooses-not out of necessity but voluntarily; and between these two there is a vast difference. It is the difference between the old fatalistic spirit of Buddhism, which clings to the very language of Japan in the frequently used expression, "shigata ga nai," "it can't be helped," and the Christian's free choice: "Now we ,that are ,strong ought to bear the infirmities of the weak, and not to please ourselves."

I Saw of the Famine In

BY BISHOP WALTER R. LAMBUTH Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South I HAVE recently returned from an extended visit to China, where I have seen with my own eyes the evidence'S of the terrible tmgedy in that land. The- four provinces in which the famine is most acute are Shantung, Chi-Ii, Shansi and Honan. There is a small famine area in Shensi. There are about a hundred thousand square miles where some fifteen million people are facing starvation. Thf' most sev-ere famine that has devastatEd China was, perhaps, that of 1877 and 1878, when eight million people perished from hunger, disease and cold. The area now involved is greater, and it is probable that more people will perish if relief is not promptly rendered.

The causes of the present famine are flood, drought and locusts. In some sections there have been four succeS'Sive droughts. Study of the physical geography of this area shows that the rain clouds pass from the sea, the rain being precipitated in the mountains near the sources of the Yellow River, and that the denudation of forests which has gone on for several hundred years has prevented rainfall in some districts while it has been the cause of floods in others resulting in great destruction of crops.

I recently traveled through Shantung and Chi-Ii by mule cart, horseback and on foot, and found conditions that almost baffle description. East and west of the Grand Canal lands were being sold for about one-third of their value and nearly all the animal'S had been sick, or killed for food. The people had pawned or sold their clothing for food in the face of the coming winter, since they would rather freeze than starve. The stuff that was being used for food would not last more than three or four week'S, and that consisted of nubbins of corn with fifteen or twenty grains to a nubbin. The millet was empty, a mere husk with no head. The people were eating ground corn cobs mixed with leave'S of elm, poplar or ash trees, and the little berry that grows on the ash tree. I found them eating thistles. A farmer whose wife was preparing this kind of a meal said: "I couldn't get my animals when I owned animals to eat the food I am putting into my own stomach"-; the consequences are, first, weakness, followed by dysentery-and ultimately death by starvation or disease.

In one village I met a woman of seventy-two whose husband and three sons had gone to beg. If they cannot get work or food by begging they will rob. In some of the villages it is now dangerous to travel. Robbery is increasing constantly.

204 Fuel, of course, is scarce. The people depend for firewood on brush and stubble. The stalks of the kaoliang and millet constitute their fuel. Not having had stalks for two years, they are tearing down their houses and burning them. In a few weeks these will be used up and then they face death from freezing as well as death from starvation.

Several organizations have been formed for famine relief in China. One is the International Famine Relief Association in Shang- hai, consisting ·of a mixed committee of Chinese and foreigners, foreign money going through the hands of the foreigners and Chinese money through Chinese hands. In Tsinan Fu there is a local organ- ization of missionaries and Chinese. In Tientsin there is the Inter- national Famine Relief Association and in Peking another Inter- national Famine Relief Association consisting of both foreigners and. Chinese, and the members of the Legations. There is also the Red Cross which is undertaking to build a road from Tehchow on the railroad from Pukow to Tientsin. Dr. F. F. Tucker of Tehchow is the local agent of the Red Cross. 'l'he road is sixty-seven miles long which they are building to Lingtsin on the Grand Canal and will employ 100,000 including wive,s and children, but that is only a frac- tion of the million and a half people in the six counties where the Tehchow missionaries are at work. About five hundred thousand dollars in gold has been sent by the Red Gross, and in addition some from Manila and other points in local currency, amounting to nearly a million silver dollars, but $100,000,000 are needed. .

The food suppJy at present comes largely from Manchuria.

Beans are being shipped to Chefoo on the coast of Shantung and by rail kaoliang and millet from Manchuria. The military governor of the Province of Shantung made it possible for free transporta- tion and that in a measure has been done in other sections.

The great need is for money. The workers in China could buy foodstuff, and could have it transported either by cart, muleback or on the railroads if the money is supplied. Five dollars will save a life. What is to be done must be done within the next two or three months; otherwise millions will perish. Men and women workers are also needed for these districts for distriliution of food and to care for the sick and diseased. The missionaries have had exper- ience in other famines, and they will make the wisest directors if they can be spared.

Remember the urgency of the need. There are at least 15,- 000,000 people face to face with starvation. If they are not suc- cored, they will perish. First there is starvation. I talked with three women who were sitting on a kang. They -showed the rav- ages of disease in their faces and tragedy was written in their eyes.

They were too weak to stand, for they had been living for weeks on leaves of trees and thistles and a thick chaff mixed with them.

There is also exposure to freezing. One thousand refugees died in a single night in Kalgan from cold. They had pawned or sold their clothing for food. I could not sleep on account of the groans of the men and women who were lying on the stone pavements of the city. They were digging holes in the ground and covering them- selves with anything they could get to protect themselves from the cold.

Then- there are the diseases that accompany famine. There ha'S been cholera and we are fearing typhus fever. The people have sold or killed their animals, and are not able to transport the 'Sick . to mission hospitals. Consequently our patients have dropped off thirty per cent during the last few weeros.

On account of the small amount of money available the workers have been obliged to adopt the policy of taking a certain number of villagers and carrying them through the year. The rest will die. If we keep them alive for two months and then let them starve we have not given adequate relief, so we have had to "Select a fe,w and carry them through until the end of the season.

The urgency, therefore, is very great. At a station near Tient- sin someone threw a sandwich out on to the track. Two women sprang forward and lllS they struggled for the sandwich, a guard who 'sat there ran and separated them in order that they might get off the track. A dog sprang in and ate the sandwich.

In the villages to the ea'St I found there were no babies under -one year of age. Children are being sold in Shanghai at a dollar apiece. "Rather than see our children starve," said one of the mothers, "we will throw them into the wells. " The American Consul told me that as a result the weUs have become ,so polluted in some sections, the wa,ter could not be used.

March will probably be the crucial month. There is no time to be lost, because these fifteen million people, if they do not have more food than they are getting now, will by March have become so weakened by lack of food that they will perish either fl'om starvation, disease or cold. In the last famine the people ate the cotton in their clothing to satisfy their hunger.

No time mUist be lost in meeting this dire need, and whatever funds can be secured should be cabled at once to one of the responsible committees at work. Money may be 'Sent either to the China Famine Fund, Bible House, New York, or to anyone of the Forejgn Mission Boards having work in China.

OLD RUM SHOP IN PORTO RICO CONVERTED INTO A PUBI.IC

Twenty Year~' Progress In Porto Rico BY PHILO W. DROURY Secretary of the Evangelical Union of Porto Rico F OUR centuries of Spanish sovereignty and two decades of American rule-briefly ,summarizes the history of Porto Rico. Here is a great contrast, not only- in time but in actual accomplishment. For four hundred years the civilization was essen- tially Latin, transplanted from southern Europe and unaffected by the liberalizing and energizing influences of the Reformation.

Hence Christianity had a mediaeval interpretation and the small minority which dOIninated was the recipient of all the privileges, while the people as a whole 'were kept in servitude and deprived of those opportunities that make for happiness and usefulness.

A new day dawned when General Nelson A. Miles, on July 25, 1898, landed his troops at Guanica and occupied the Island in the name of the United States of America. This step introduced a new civilization with new ideas, vitalized by the power of Christ. The life of the people wa'S broadened and a new future opened before ~m .

Materially, the splendid development is shown by the fact that the exports of 1919 were valued at $79,496,000 as contrasted with those of 1901, valued at $8,500,000.

In 1899 there were only 267 kilometers of constructed road; while in 1919 there were 1190.

207

Illiteracy, estimated in 1898 at 85%, has gradually decreased to 63%. The poorly equipped schools with all enrolment .of 21,000 in that year have been supplanted by American schools, and today $3,000,000 is spent on public instruction, 3000 teachers (all of whom but 148 are Porto Ricans) are employed, 160,794 pupils are enrolled in the public schools. However, the educational problem is far from being solved as the school population is 441,465. The Federal Government should render aid in this connection.

Morally and spiritually there have likewise been very tangible results. The evangelical churches have not labored in vain. The mere statement that there are 13,000 or more members in the churches and that the Sundlly-schools have an enrolment of at least 22,000 cannot in any way convey an adequate idea of what has been accomplished. Statistics cannot express moral and spiritual values.

The ideals persistently presented in the interpretation of Christianity have permeated life in all its different relations. Remarkable transformations have been wrought in the lives of many, who, like Lazarus, are indisputable witnesses of the power of Christ, and testify to His quickening power. Thousands of children have been nurtured under Christian influences, and Illlany of these now have their own homes, where Christ is enthroned. Young men who are today prominent in business and professional life have laid the foundation for their careers in the Sunday-schools and churches, and they gladly testify to the influence of Christ in their lives.

THE UNCONSCIOUS INFLUENCES There is no better tribute to the efficacy of the Gospel than the influences that it has wielded unconsciously. This is to be noted especially in the social realm in Porto Rico. Persons unidentified with the churches come under the spell of its ideals and unconsciously accept them in their own lives and contend for their supremacy. An illustration of this is seen in the prohibition campaign waged in 1917. According to a special act of Congress, Porto Rico was permitted to vote upon the question of prohibition. Prior to the American occupation total abstinence had never been advocated and very few people practised it. The evangelical missionaries contended for it from the very beginning of their labors, and in the course· of time it became known that Protestants were total abstainers. Propaganda was made both in pulpit and press through the years, and when the time came for the campaign the relatively small number of evangelical Christians was held responsible for it. When it was over they were recognized by both friends and enemies as the real factors in obtaining a majority of almost 40,000 in favor of prohibition. Their influence far exceeded their numerical strength. The good seed sown had multiplied a hundred fold.

The evangelical churches likewise championed a campaign for

1921J TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

social purity at the time of the mobilization of American soldiers. In this they were ably seconded by the Y. M. C. A.. The results, manifested in the creation of higher ideals, were most gratifying. Social Purity Sunday is now observed annually in all Protestant churches.

The new attitude toward politics is naturally the outcome of the presentation of the principles of Christianity to the people of Porto Rico. Corruption has long been recognized as a great evil, and some leading legislators have made a very sincereefi'ort to correct this deficiency. Last year the legislature, desiring to do'

THE EVANGELICAL SEMINARY OF PORTO RICO IN WHICH SEVJ;N DJ;NOMINATIONS COOPERATE away with the unlawful trafficking in voting, ordered that at the time of registration each voter should be photographed and that a certificate similar to a passport should be issued with the voter's photograph, this to be presented at the time of voting. This naturally will obviate much trickery, aE will also an additional provision of the same law which requires a voter to vote if he is registered. '1'he object of the latter is to compel a man to vote without remuneration.

The work of the evangelical churches was begun· under the most humble circumstances, and while at the present time not many of the higher social class have been reached, yet the positive results of the Gospel evidenced both in individual and weial life have been such as to call for the admiration and support of some of the best a.nd most influential men of the Island. Men occupying prominent

; TYPICAL PROTESTANT SUNDAY SCHOOL IN THE RURAL DISTRICTS OF PORTO RICO positions-judges, lawyers, doctors, business men, and others-have expressed to me their observations wholly favorable as to our work. One of the justices of the Supreme Court of the Island, who affiliates with the evangelical forces while not identified with any church, has st{tted.that he 'Sees no other hope for the Island except in the ac- CElIlpance 'of evangelical Christianity. This same man, who daily gatners about him his children in his home to read to them from the Bible, has repeatedly urged the mothers of Latin America to read the New Testament to their children.

Not long ago t}le man referred to above, the Speaker.of the House of Representatives, and some prominent lawyers and doctors requested one -of our Porto Rican ministers in San Juan to organize a class for Bible study, as they desired to know more about this inspired book. The desire for better things is growing and a higher estimate is being placed upon moral and spiritual values.

CO- OPERATION AN IMPORTANT FACTOR While there has been a delimitation of territory practically from the beginning, cooperation in the activities of the evangelical churches did not begiIl until the organization of the Federation of the Evangelical Churches of Porto Rico in 1905. A good degree of cooperation here had been attained before the meeting of the Panama Congress in 1916, but the Regional Conference following the Congress and inspired by it, furthered it notably. At present seven denominations cooperate on Puerto Rico Evangelico, a semi~monthly

TWENTY YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

pUblication, with over 6000 subscribers. These same denominations maintain the Evangelical Seminary of p.orto Rico, a school for tIre preparation of workers, strategically located in Rio Piedras in front of the University of Porto Rico, where the students supplement UOnl/Oupa .roJ uUld paluTu()~t.Il/ na,, V '£mu~as al[l u~ J[.rOA .r~al[l has been worked out in which the Polytechnic Institute of Porto Rico and the Blanche Kellogg Institute have an important part. While these two institutions are maintained by the Presbyterian and Congregational Boards respectively, yet scholarships are furnished and students sent by other denominations, so that to all intents and purposes they are inter-denominational.

There has also been a splendid example of cooperation on the part of the Presbyterian and Methodist English churches in San Juan,- which united in 1916. Not onlty has this action resulted in economy, but likewise in efficiency. This is one of a few such churches which is entirely self-supporting.

Last July one of the most significant gatherings in the history of the work was held in the form of a summer conference of the evangelical workers of the Island. Almost 150 persons were present, and many more would have attended if it had been possible to accommodate them. It was a c()[llplex gathering. There were men and women, p.orto Ricans and Americans, representatives from 10 II- FlUMARY DF;FARTMF;NT IN A l'ORTO RICO SUNDAy S<;;liOOr,

denominations and religious organizations, gathered in the Polytechnic Institute for six days. It was one large family, all interested in the same things. No mention was made of denominations, and it is certain that many persons left the Conference without knowing the denominational affiliation of many others. No other one thing in the history of the evangelical work in Porto Rico has so effec- tively promoted the spirit of uni- ty. The growth of this spirit is full of assurance for the future.

Splendid hospitals have been erected at San Juan, Ponce, and Humacao, and these are render- ing a much needed service. Fore- most among these is the Presby- terian Hospital of San Juan. In addition to attending to thou- sands of patients annually, the service of greatest importance that this hospital renders is that of preparing nurses for other hospitals, especially for the mun- icipal hospitals.

In response to an appeal made ONE RESULT OF PROTESTANT WORK by the Insular Board of Health IN PORTO RICO for help in the erection of cot- tages for the new Tuberculosis Hon. Emile del Toro C!lebas. associate judge Sanitarium, the evangelical of Supreme Court of Porto Rico-a frequent speaker at evange1ical meetings churches of Porto Rico, through one of their committees, planned to raise the funds necessary for the building of one cottage, and as a result the entire amount asked for, $3000, was raised, and soon the cottage given by the evangelical Christians will stand as a monument to the spirit of service as exemplified by the .churches of Porto Rico.

In this young mission field it is very inspiring to see the native church grow into the con-sciousness of its task, to comprehend the mission of the church and to seek to do its part in Kingdom building. This fact evidences a nomnal development. For a number of years little progress was made in the direction of self-support. The poverty of many of the people in the churches, together with the conditions that prevail in the countries that have been under the sway of the Roman Catholic Church retarded progress, but during the paost few years, even in the midst of the severest economic conditions, the churches have increased their offerings, many of them as high as 30.and 40 and 50 per cent. Of the Porto Rican churches, the first to attain to fullself-lSupport was the Ba.pti!!t Church of Caguas,

on July first of this year. Before another year passes it is expected that a number of other churches will be enrolled in this honor list.

There is also the farther vision that reaches to the neighboring island of Santo Domingo, less than sixty mile'S to the west, and to which one worker has already been sent. Porto Rico recognizes Santo Domingo as her Samaria, and seeks to make effective the commission that Christ gave to His followers. In the larger program for the evangelization of Santo DQmingQ the churches of PortO' Rico will have a creditable part.

THE YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION IN SAN JUAN. PORTO RICO Washed on the north by the Atlantic Ocean and on the SQuth by the Caribbean Sea, with the Anglo-Saxon civilization to the north and the Latin American civilization to the west and SQuth, PortO' Rico, having part in both, .occupies a position of strategic importance and doubtless will be used of God to help in interpreting these two great civilizations to Qne another. There are 30,000 Porto Ricans in New York at this time. American colleges and universities are educating many PQrto Rican young men and women. As the ties that bind North and SQuth America together are being strengthened, may it not be that Porto Rico will be called to serve these two great continents ¥The Experiment Station at Mayaguez has been called to help along agricultural lines; educa.tionally the call will soon be heard; the spiritual call has already sounded. May God raise up from among us many who will be obedient to the Heavenly Vision and go forth to help usher in the KingdQm by preaching and living Christ in Porto Rico.

Americans and Their

BY REV. RODNEY W. ROUNDY, NEW YORK I T HAS become increasingly clear that America can not do without the Negro. He is one of America's greatest assets. He had come to the shores of Virginia even before the Pilgrims landed on the "bleak New England Coast." True Negroes constitute only eleven or twelve per cent of the present population of the nation as against nineteen per cent in Revolutionary War times, yet they now have the largest place they have ever had in American life since the Dutch Man of Warre came into Jamestown harbor and sold to the planters" twenty Negars, " three centuries ago.

Four hundred thousand Negroes were enlisted in the World War; 200,000 went across the seas; 5000 in two regiments were cited . for bravery and 200 members of "New York's Old. Fifteenth" re- ceived the Croix de Guerre. Other Negroes who stayed at home made evident their patriotism in no uncertain terms in all kinds of war drives and war-time cooperation.

During the war as never before industrial occupations were open to Negroes in such basic industries as shipbuilding, iron and steel, coal mining and similar lines. As soon as the present unemployment period is past doubtless many Negroes will be retained in the occu- pations where partial openings have been made. For the moslt part they have entered the unskilled and semi-skilled fields. In the north these were previously filled by foreign-born and immigrant labor. What will happen in the years to come with the large Negro popula- tion that has migrated to northern industrial centers when the tides of immigration flow into these centers raises questions of serious concern for all who are interested in race relations.

The large migration of Negroes from the southern rural di'S- tricts, the failure of crops, the progress of the boll weevil and the red pin worm and the low price of cotton have created a situation in the rural districts of the South which call for help from all sources that can give it. In many localities it requires only stimulation and guidance to enable many landless tenants to become independent land holding farmers, as the breaking up of the large plantations from the shifting from cotton and corn to diversified farming is forced upon those who have managed the landless tenant system of affairs.

The Mission Boards should face definitely the question whether or not their former policy of concentration on the development of Negro education and support of educational institutions 'Should now 214 be largely supplemented by a program to help the Negro m these critical hours of his industrial and agricultural needs.

Strides Imve been made in inter-racial cooperation between white and colored people not simply in some sections of the South but in widely distributed areas. The movement has dynamic and has radiated powerfully from 'Strategic centers. The best Christian talent of both races has been actively enlisted in meeting a great need growing out of the war and its aftermath. Mr. Will W. Alexander, Associate Director of the Y. M. C. A. Conunission ·on Inter-Racial Cooperation has written as follows of the success of the enterprise: "We have demonstrated that the work of the Inter-Racial Commission in the way of cooperation and conference between leaders in local communities is a most efficient way of improving race relations.

"There is in the minds of many churchmen the' idea that by furnishing a sufficient number of schools and missions for Negroes, this problem could be solved. That does not reach the most stubborn element of the problem. The most difficult factor in it is the prejudice and antagonism which exists in the minds of a certain type of white people, both in the North and South, to the Negro. This makes it a white man's problem and not aNegro problem.

"In some way or other, we must get over to our people that as white men in America, we have a great opportunity in taking the leadership in creating on the ·part of our white people a democratic and Christian attitude to men of other racial groups.

"If the white denominations of America could be interested in helping to create on the part of their constituency a Christian attitude to these other racial groups, they would be rendering the very greatest possible service to the situation. I doubt if any amount of mission work among Negroes can ever take the place of this fundamental work among white people. This is really the crux of the whole situation."

One of the men at the heart of the movement from its earliest stages has been Prof. Edwin Mims of Vanderbilt University. Let him tell the story of the beginnings and spirit of the movement: "A representative citizen or two from each of the southern states and three or four other men who have had large experience in managil).g' funds for Negro education were called into conference. Gradually other promincmt leaders have been added, until now there are representatives of every denomination, every profession, almost every shade of opinion. From the first these leaders have called into consultation the wisest Negro leaders, eight of whom now are members of the central committee. These men have brought to the meetings of the committee data from their localities and have helped formulate a program of action as an ideal towards which to work. Every one is a southerner whQ realized that tact, patience and courage would be needed. "The program on which they decided called first for justice in the courts and especially opposition to lynching under any circumstances; second, economic justice; third, adequate. educational facilities; fourth, improved living and sanitary conditions; fifth, recreational advantages; sixth, better traveling facilities; seventh, welcoming the returning colored soldiers. It was fully realized this program would not suit conservative and prejudiced southerners, but these leaders felt that it was thoroughly in line with the best southern

tradition, and that they had lack of them in their insistence on 'these funda- mental demands the spirit of the great southerners of past and present. More important than any item in this program, however, is the fundamental idea of the whole movement-that this delicate problem can be met only by con- ferences between those who are involved, conferences that shall not be called after an emergency has arisen, but that shall be held constantly and periodically. Everything depends on the two races coming together to a sympathetic re- lationship."

There are Negro Socialists, educated ones, just the same as there are descendants of the Puritans who are Socialists. There may easily have been Bolshevist propagandists who desired to enlist and stir up the Negroes, but Negro Bolshevists-real red ones-are as scarce as hen's teeth. The Negro does not wave the red flag of Bolshevism and anarchism. The Negro does not look to Russia for his ideals. He looks to the best of essential .Americanism and pa- tiently dares to pin his faith to the principles of the preamble and amendments of the Constitution.

From New York City there goes abroad The Messenger adver- tising itself as the only radical Negro magazine in .America. Measurably it live.s up to its title, with a considerable circulation in New York City and other Negro centers, especiaily in the North. It takes about the place which" The Masses" takes among white readers.. Marks of .originality are lacking even though the technique is good and the editing well done by educated Negroes. Withcharacteristic posing for leadership it is about as bitter against outstanding Negroe.s in the country, including DuBois, as against the capitalistic class and society in general. The Messenger is true to form in its bitterness toward the Church. It is an unfair, unrepresentative sheet, and its few advocates in different cities fail largely in their attempts when they fall afoul .of the Negro church leaders and the strongly maintained allegiance to Negro churches.

Two or three other Negro publications, like The Whip of Chicago, are to be classed with The Messenger, though less widely circulated and less ably edited. The Chicago Defender, a weekly widely read by Negroes in all parts of the country under the stimulus of an inflated war psychology, has revealed at times a bitterness somewhat out of harmony with its previous policy and with the general trend of Negro journalism..

At the same time three or four hundred Negro newspapers and magazines in the country-daily, weekly, monthly-go their steady way with their strong ideals of essential .Americanism always at the fore, albeit they speak more plainly than formerly of injustice and indignities suffered by the race. The rank and file as well as the leaders among Negroes have no use for The Messenger and all its works. .As one passes in review the temper of most Negro publications and takes into account the many provocations, he is amazed at the amount of self restraint.

NEGRO AMERICANS AND THEIR PROBLEMS

The average Negro is busy working, earning, spending, as Americans in general. Some of them are saving though it must be recognized that one of the chief econO'Dlic needs of the Negro of today is an intelligent method of saving and the development of sane avenues of investment. Easy money and the chance everywhere to do things and to have things as never before in all ages of his ancestry or at any time in his own life does not lead to the Negro's planning a revolution or to bomb throwing. How much out of keeping with these facts has been the bomb throwing in Chicago in- stigated not by Negroes but by white real estate agents and inter- ests. The Negro has no sympathy with the advocates of force or retaliation except in cases of most necessary self defense. He is not out to wreck civilization; rather with open handog he seeks it as the pearl of great price. The Negro has been and is misunderstood. He is not radical, not even clamoring for some special privileges. He simply wants things applied to him as they are applied to other Americans in general.

Marcus Garvey is a native of Jamaica coming to New York in 1914. With a background of a good education, with a Catholic upbringing but at pres'ent out of sympathy with any organized church, with experience of a newspaper man and of travel in Europe, especially London and England, his coming to New York in 1914 gave him the opportunity to immediately gather about him a large number of the West Indians resident in Harlem and elsewhere in New York City. With the gifts and genius of the Negro orator of the popular type his influence has gone beyond his first West Indian fonowers. Now he has a considerable following in all the larger centers of the country through membership in his Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League of the World of which he is President-General. He addresses largely attended meetings in a Negro tabernacle in the Harlem area. Weekly there go to his extended membership copies of The Negro World, the official organ of the Movement. During August a so-called "World Convention" was assembled in New York City. At that time a Constitution of Negro Liberty was supposedly written.

Fundamentally Ga.rvey plays upon the idea. of race consciousness now at the front among the colored people of America as with other races of the world. In connection with it he advocates the idea of Negro colonization in Africa, and of Negroes being responsible for leadership in the Negro World. His plan is not without financial relations involving the Black Star Line with .its one steamer plying between America and the .West Indies and its two subsidiary boats. We also read of the Negro Factories Corporation, of the Cooperative Laundry Plan, etc. It cannot be told what the outcome of this movement will be. It is to be feared tha.t it is a largely inflated and unstable affair. It does serve 'to emphasize the

importance of a right use of the present race consciousness of the Negro, as also sane methods of thrift and inve'Stment that the Garvey movement may be constructively supplanted. It forces upon the Protestant Church the necessity of freshly realizing the place of sane religious inspiration and right spiritual leadership. .. .. 'It Dr. George E. Haynes, who has had charge of the Negro Department of the Interchurch World Movement, spoke of· two very important changes that have taken place in the racial situation which call for a vigorou'S grasp on the part of Home Mission Boards. The first he calls internal because it is taking place in the mental attitude .of both Negroes and whites. Partly as a result of the war and partly because of the rising tide .of ra,ce consciousness, Negroes are coming to realize what it means to be free–a realization that is expres'Sing itself in a new sense of their own worth and dignity as a p€ople and in their changed attitude toward the white people. The former relationship of master and man has been dying, that relationship that s,outhern blacks and southern whites knew, but there has not been built up in its place a feeling on the basis of man to man, so that there is growing su'Spicion on the one side and the passing of a paternal attitude on the other. This mental condition calls for that which only the idealism' of Jesus Christ can give.

The second .important change has to do with external conditions. The Negro has been leaving the rural districts, away from the humdrum and drudgery of plantation life. Another influence carrying them out of: the rural towns and into the northern industrial, centers is a growing feeling of insecurity, in proportion to the feeling of lessened .cordiaHty between the races, and lessened assurance of the things that make for safety. The American Negro is not only religious, but Christian. He is patient and forgiving; he does not long cherish grudges; he has courage, hope and optimism; his loyalty to those to whom allegianee is due is the highest kind of confidence in the sufficiency of the Golden Rule; his intimate trust in God, so wonderfully revealed in the heart throbs of Negro folk song, mark him as unique in spiritual attainments. What greater need has America than these very marked expressions of a vital Christianity~ In all the world, outside the Anglo Saxon nations, is there anywhere so large a racial group at heart thoroughly Christian and in some particulars more Christian than the white race itseln What shall be the answer of thoughtful, sober, Christian Americans who believe in the "square deal"¥ Shall it be anything less than a man's chance for manhood qualities ~ The principles of the Golden Rule and the Sermon on the Mount apply alike to colored and white men everywhere.

M. Alexander and His

BY HENRIETTA M. HYSLOP A N INTENSE and life long love for the Word of God, which in later years developed into a veritable passion, wml the crowning glory of Charles Alexander. Everywhere he went and in all his work he appealed both to audiences and to individuals to saturate themselves in a knowledge of the Bible; and in all prob- ability this consuming zeal will prove to be his most lasting memorial.

Much of his Gospel singing and other work was necessarily of a more ephemeral order, but to the furtherance of the Pocket Testa- ment League he gave the best that was in him, and through the League he became known to tens of thousands who never saw him nor felt the magnetism of his personal charm.

Charles McCallon Alexander was born October 24, 1867, in a log cabin among the hills of Ten- nessee; anq. passed on to his Heavenly Home from Bil'lning- ham" England, on October 13, 1920. The infiuence of his early Christian home was supplement- ed by the training received in a little school taught by the widow of a Presbyterian minister, CHARI.ES M. AI.EXANDER where the >curriculum was very limited but where knowledge of facts and high principles were wise- ly imparted. The natural beauty of the Tennessee hills moo.e its deep impression on the character of the lad, and Gospel songs were especially prized in his music-loving household. The father, skilled in music, took keen delight in teaching his son the songs from the new hymn book of Moody and Sankey-then in the early years of their world ,vide work. ~he mother often read aloud from the Moody sermons so that the hoy's mind was molded by these in- fluences and he was prepared for the y:ears of service to come.

Before he was twenty, Charles Alexander was earning his living by teaching music in North Gar·olina. News came that his father was fatally ill in Atlanta, Georgia, and during the several hundred mile journey home, he had time for serious thinking. Although he could claim church membership, he had to acknowledge to himself * Much of the material for this sketch is taken from the recent volume entitled "Charlie Alexander," by Mr. Philip I. Roberts and published by the Fleming H. Reven Co.

219

that his life lacked something, and during the week of waiting by his father's bedside his ideas of time and eternity stood out in their right relation. To the night of his father's death he looked back definitely as the date of his conversion, when, trudging across Atlanta to summon the undertaker he prayed for some vision, or impression, to assure him that his father was indeed in the presence of his Lord, and promising that if the answer came he would pledge his life to the service of Jesus Christ. Clearly and unmistakably the assurance came, for he says: "There came upon me a yearning desire to lead men to Christ, and I began to look around to discover by what means I could best help men and women into the Kingdom. I conceived the notion that a Go'Spel hymn could be turned into a sermon."

Convinced of the possibilities .of the Gospel song, the young man proceeded at once to act on -his conviction, and from Maryville College he went to the Moody Bible Institute. It is a practical evidence of his missionary zeal that he persuaded eight of hi~ college friends to accompany him. At the Moody Institute, theory and practice go hand in hand, and Mr. Alexander was not there long before he was appointed, with feeling'S of consternation on his part, to lead the singing at a meeting in one of the worst districts of Chicago. The experience was one from which he learned to under- 'Stand audiences, and how to win their sympathetic response. His first definite engagement as an evangelist came at the close of his four years' course at the Institute, when he was selected as temporary associate of Evangelist M. B. Williams. The partnership lengthened into eight years of service. Then followed the campaign with Dr. R. A. Torrey in Australia where at first there were some misgivings lest the unknown singer from America might bring innovations that would be discordant to Australian susceptibilities. It was not long, however, before there was complete understanding between audience and singer and great blessing attended the meet- ings. This tour through Australasia and India gave new impetus to revival methods, especially as related to the Gospel in chorus singing, and brought Mr. Alexander into world prominence. From this missionary crusade the .two evangelists came to England in 1903, and f.or three years visited principal cities in England, Scotland and Ireland, crowning the effort in a two months' mission in Albert Hall, London, where it was estimated that half a million different individuals attended the meetings and seven thousand persons pub- licly confessed Christ. o During the Birmingham Mission in the early part of 1904 he became engaged to Miss Helen Cadhqry, the daughter of a Christian philanthropist kn.own and honored throughout England. Both Miss Cadbury and her mother had had some share as workers in the

CHARLES M. ALEXANDER AND HIS WORK

meetings, .and the friendship formed by her association with the American singer progressed so rapidly that their engagement was announced on the day after the Mission closed. The wedding took place on July 14th ·of the same year in the Friends' Meeting House in Birmingham, and Mr. Alexander proudly took his bride to visit his southern home.

Mr. Alexander's engagement with Dr. Torrey was terminated because of the critical illness of his wife, and after her recovery he became associated with Dr. J. Wilbur Chapman in 1908. T·ogether they conducted many richly blessed missions in the United States, Canada and Australia, and also visited China, Japan and Korea. In 1910, they held their mission in Cardiff, Wales, a year later they went to Ireland and in 1913 went to Scotland. In referring to Mr. Alexander's conquest of unemotional Scottish audiences, Dr. John McNeill recalls the trepidation with which he anticipated his coming to Scotland, and the possible effect of his methods among that staid folk; but disapproval was seen to soften, relax and finally melt away as the singer led his audience iuto the swing of the "Glory Song."

Then came the war. Wondering what he could do for the thousands of young army recruits, Mr. Alexander resolved to visit their camps and take the Message of Him who gave His life as a ransom for many. For some years the conviction had been growing upon him that men and women could be led to God more directly through His own Word than by any other method, and he and Mrs. 'Alexander had been quietly developing this idea through the Pocket Testament League, which had been founded by Mrs. Alexander in her high school days in Birmingham, England. When only twelve years of age she discovered that the habit of carrying a -small Testament, not only for hep own reading in leisure moments, but in order to create an interest in the Bible among her friends, was of inestimable value. Other girls agreed to follow her plan and out of this a small society developed, which numbered more than sixty when its founder left the school. With the aid of hi-s Gospel songs and the little Testaments provided by the generosity of the Christian public, Mr. Alexander was used of God to inaugurate a spiritual revival among the British soldiers; and later when America was drawn into the conflict his energies were devoted to organizing similar work in American army campE. From both British and American camps young men by the hundreds of thousands went to the battle front singing Mr. Alexander's hymns, and carrying the little book that makes plain the Way of Life.

The record of the Pocket Testament League's success as a world wide Bible-reading moveinent forms one of the most striking chapters in the history of modern evangelism. To the promotion of this ''lork Mr. Alex.ander's last days were esr .cially devoted. :a:e

had had upon his heart a vision of a great, world wide Bible revival, and by every gift at his disposal he fostered this idea. So successful had he been that before leaving the United States on what proved to be hi's last voyage, plans for such a revival had been formulated and entrusted to a Committee whose privilege it will be to see that the ideals of the man now called to larger service are carried forward. In great industrial establishments, where there is as never before a need for the stabilizing influence of the Gospel, meetings are being held and the Bible is put into the hands of the workers. Special efforts have been made in Philadelphia to reach the 'Street car men of the city, and this has resulted in twenty-six hundred of them signing up to read a daily chapter from the Bible. Of these, more than six hundred and fifty wrote upon their cards, "I accept Christ. " Over one hundred men are enrolled as daily Bible readers in Sing Sing prison, and a group calling themselves the "Comfort Club" get together in the evening to read their Testaments. Thirtythree inmates of Oregon State Penitentiary are League members and the warden writes: "The Testaments are worth their weight in gold to the men who are trying to fit themselves for a new life."

The League now has a place on the practical work program of the Los Angeles Bible Institute. Ina report recently issued, the Pocket Testament League leads all other departments in the number of conversions brought about-over 1600 in all. Branch headquarter'S have been established in Great Britain, Canada, Australia, South Africa, Syria, Japan, Korea, China, Holland and Norway. The main office is at 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

Mr. Alexander's last great work in America was a seven weeks' evangelistic campaign in Detroit, where 24,000 men and women became members of the League. The city was stirred by a sweeping "Back to the Bible" wave of enthusiasm. In 'Street cars, factories, offices and banks, Testaments were in evidence. In a single bank over a hundred employees joined the League.· In the Detroit Chamber of Commerce one of the largest commercial organizations in America-men may be seen in groups reading and discussing their Testaments. The Word of the Lord endureth forever, and those to whom He has entrusted the continuance of the great work laid down by Charles Alexander can thank God for his example, and go forward believing that the bles'Sing of the past is an assurance of the blessing to follow.

to the Church at

O NE day a Chinese gentleman was shown into the guest room of an inland hospital. He came to see the foreign doctor, but not because of illness. His home was hundreds of miles away in another province, and he had never seen the hospital or anyone connected with it.

When the doctor entered the stranger said: "I have heard about this hospital even though my home is far away. Here is a very insignificant contribution I wish you would receive. "

He brought forth and carefully counted his "insignificant contribution" and handed it over to the doctor with an apology. It was 100,000 cash or about $5,000.

The stranger left. The doctor counted the money over again and it was all good cash. There had been no request for a card. The stranger had not even stated what business brought him to the city. He came and went like a ship in the night, and nothing more was heard from him.

Such a story sent home from the field iIi. a personal letter helps to keep alive intere.st in mission work and to win new friends and supporters. But so few seem to realize the opportunity and the necessity of such letters that I feel impelled to tell of a plan tried by one missoinary.

In the first fifteen months after this medical missionary came to China, he wrote five long letters, some of them over 15,000 words long. By the use of a typewriter with carbons and thin paper, he made nine legible copies of each letter. The subjects in each letter were varied and included ,clippings from the Ohinese Recorder and other pUblications not in the reach of his distant friends, his own experiences, stories told him by missionaries, his meetings with Chinese who spoke English. Every sort of impression made upon his mind, which he thought would interest his friends, he noted down in a little vest-pocket book he carried for that :pul"pose.

One of the nine copies of these letters ultimately went to the secretary of his Board. The eight others went to groups of his friends, 15 of whom were divided into eight groups according to their geographical location. To each of the eight groups went a letter. These were forwarded from one to another in rotation. Then they went finally to relatives and to two college libraries where he had attended school. He also sent home pathological specimens to the medical school from which he came and films for lantern slides to friends who used them for missionary addresses. Sometimes the letters were used for magazine articles.

2Z3

"The result of this attempt," he writes, "have been most gratifying. I am in closer touch with the fa.culty of my own medical school than I was while a student. And I had something to back me up when recently I sent them an appeal to bear the needs of China in mind when Junior and Senior students came to them for advice regard- ing their future location. Among other letters, I have received onc from a man unknown to me, a medical student whose face was turned to China by an article I wrote. Another letter came from a mechan- ical engineer who is making money. He and I traveled through Europe together. I never thought he was much interested in mis- sions. Now he writes to ask whether he could put his training to good service in China. Pastors and laymen have written me that my letters brought the subject of missions very much closer to them.

Previously missions had been something more or less abstract.

They had all read books on missions, and accounts of missionary work printed in church papers, but what they -wanted was to know someone personally on the field, these younger pastors and laymen particul:rrly. The biggest result, however, is my personal convic- tion that for me at least, this plan is a good one and very much worth while. It is not an easy thing to do. It takes time. Often I have pounded my typewriter till one and two a 'clock in the morning. It takes money, too. But the time and monf'V are well spent.

"There are many things I cannot do but I can tell others the good things the missionaries are doing, alld what life in China is meaning to me. Two evenings a week I devote to my 125 frif'nds and if I do not try to tie them up to the work of the Kingdom in China, perhaps no one else will. Their intcrf'st in China may hinge en- tirely upon me. • "Mission study books are of excellent educational value, but tlip,' are not personal. Church report letters and printed missionary reports are also good, but they will not get under the vests of my friends. They do not have the force of a personal letter. ,Vhat we want is intercessory prayer with definite meaning to it and giv- ing in which the heart of the giver goes with the money."

It may be well to add one word of caution. Those not much ac- customed to writing ought to take an older missionary into his con- fidence. There are some thing-s which might be very interesting, but the writing of which would be a hindrance to the Kingdom. Our own opinions, if such qlll'Sti OllS arise, ought to yield to the judgment of men who know what is helpful from actual experience in the work of the Kingdom.

Many who go out to the mission field can do little during the first tongue-tied years. But they can use their native language to interest those at home hy writing letten; to circles of friends..

E. C. CRONK, EDITOR, 437 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW

MIDDLE-AGE MISSIONARY METHODS All the world cheers youth to new achievement. Everybody has a tender sentiment for beautiful old age. The most neglected area in human life i.s prosaic middle-age. Yet the greatest achievements in the world's work have been wrought by men and women of middle age. Between the dreams which young men dream and the visions which old men see come the prosaic years of accomplishment of middle-aged meri.

"yVe have made far more mistakes in sending out missionaries who are too young than in sending out those who are too old. Send liS missionaries who have lived" comes the message from the force on the foreign field to one of the great mission Boards of America.

How shall we make the most of these middle years in missionary methods?

Is a New Type of Life Work Meeting women· to rescue them from the dan- Needed? ger of the "retiring" germ, to which In addition to the meetings which we seem particularly susceptible at have a twenty to twenty-five years the time when our life work should age limit why not some meetings in count for most.

which a gleam of hope is held out to There is even more danger of drift- people who have passed thirty or ing at forty than there is at twenty.

forty? At a summer conference with Many people face at forty or fifty en- a thousand delegates this announce- tirely different conditions and oppor- ment was made. tunities from those which surrounded "All delegates under twenty are them in earlier years-that is if they invited to a life-work meeting at eight really look about and face them. Us- o'clock." Abottt five hundred noted ually they drift past without recogniz- the hour and place of the meeting ing the opportunity of changing con- to which their youth gave them en- ditions.

trance while the other five hundred A woman whose children are excluded ones saw before them a grown and away at school or married barred gate inscribed "Abandon hope should discriminate between the ap- all ye who cannot enter here." plication of the time honored quota- One of the most fatal. things that tion" A mother's place is at home with can happen to a life work meeting for her children" during the period when the teens and the twenties is to have she really had children in her home the majority of the seats taken by and these later days when the children the forties and the fifties, but why not are gone.

hold a parallel meeting to consider A woman whose every moment is definitely the opportunities of middle- filled with home duties at thirty may age? have, at forty, hours each day she We recount the achievements of could give to missionary service. We youth to inspire young lives. Let llS are apt to throw the blanket covering give also some inspiration to men and of "woman's sphere" over all femin- 225

ine activities, regardless of age or was given an unimportant parish in condition. A woman who at thirty a waste and barren spot of Germany spends every evening reading or tell- with a group of epileptics as his par- ing stories to her children may at ishioners.

fifty give several evenings a week If he was shelved he developed on to settlement work for other children the particular shelf to which he had instead of nursing in loneliness the been consigned such a marvelous col- ache in her heart for the children ony of mercy that all the world went who are gone. / to Bielefeld to study his methods.

A man who has never really faced He kept open house for discharged life work problems honestly before, convicts and sent them away honest may find at forty or fifty there is yet men. The doors of his colony were a large service he can give in the never locked. Before the days of the home or foreign field. A professor Salvation Army slogan he convinced in a medical college attended his first hundreds of discouraged hearts that life work meeting after he had passed "a man may be down but he's never the age limit at which any Mission out." Helpless children were brought Board would send a doctor to the to him. To the poor, the needy, the field, but the call came to him so defin- sick, the dispirited-he gave new itely for service in medical missions hope, new life, and new courage and that he resolved to get at least one trained them to take their place in the man a year from -his classes who world's work.* would go out as a missionary. That If it were possible for one woman decision was even more far reaching to shelve another then the woman who than the decision of the student by was adroitly transferred from the di- his side to go himself. rectorship of a large department in There are men who could be led to a Sunday-school to a class which had a decision to finance a missionary or a few middle-aged women in it would a whole missioll station if the oppor- have been all the shelf. If she was, she tunity of middle age were presented found on her shelf an opportunity as earnestly and forcefully as the op- hitherto unrecognized. Not a particle portunities of youth have been urged. of her energy did she waste in uncov- There is no reason why we should ering her wounds- to compel public abandon hope if a man or woman has sympathy.

passed forty. "What an opportunity" she said.

Let us have place in our missionary "I wonder that I never saw it be- program for the presentation of aft- fore !"

er-forty life work problems and op- She worked with all her might and portunities. soon a class of tWf) hundred women was one of the strongest features of THE. TRUTH ABOUT THE SHELVING that school.

PROOESS If it were possible for one man to shelve another then that young "I have been laid on the shelf by Korean Christian who was sent in the younger man" said a man at fifty- chains to an island would have been five. laid on the shelf. Instead of saying, Therein was he mistaken. No man "See how I have been thrown aside," – is laid on the shelf. Shelving is not he said, "Now I have the opportunity a thing one man can do to another. of being sent out as a missionary to It is one of the injustices a man does people who have never heard of to himself. Christ, and the government is bear- If one man could shelve another ing my traveling expenses."

:then Pastor von Bodelschwingh would * The story of von Bodelschwingh's work have been shelved when, by the in- is told in the book, A Colony of Mercy, Price trigue of a jealous court chaplain, he 7S cents. I-utheran Publication House. 9th and Sansom Streets, Pbil•., Pa.

BEST METHODS

Some one said of D. L. Moody, in India, so he bought a new book "If he were sent to prison he would strap and entered Johns Hopkins with count it an opportunity to preach "the boys." Christ to all the prisoners. If he were consigned to the county alms Some of the Board members could "house he would transform it. If he but smile at the eagerness of the man were banished to the most desolate of fifty-two fitting himself for his spot of earth he would fill it with such "life work." light and love that soon that spot would become an irradiating center to At fifty-four he received his diplo- which multitudes would flock." ma and sailed back for India. Far- ther and farther he pressed on in his If it were possible for one man to work. vVhen a call came for him to shelve another then Pope Leo surely go into the Palnad district his friends would have laid Martin Luther on were sure he would die while in that the shelf with his bull of excommun- deadly section. After working there ication. According to the parlance with wonderful success for four years of many of our modern missionary so- he burned the coffin that had been cieties. Luther would have been per- made for him and went on. fectly justifiable in nursing his grievance and saying;" Years later when he was home on furlough he met a member of the "I have been shamefully treated. My work is absolutely unappreciated. Mission Board who had voted against I have done my best. Let some one sending him to India because of his else try reforming the Church now. age. Here I am past fifty, and my own church has not recognized my initia- "You do not know me?" said Heytive and ability. I'm too old to begin er as the Board member regarded all over again." him with a puzzled expression, "I'm the man who was too old to go to If Martin Luther was shelved then India twenty years ago!" Protestantism was built on his shelf. At seventy-five, while on a visit to The plaint "I have been laid on the Germany he learned that because of shelf" is a pitiful confession, not of difficulties and discouragements on the an outward sin committed against a field, his beloved mission was about man by other men, but of an inward to be discontinued. Back to America condition for which he himself is re- he hurried. Arriving at Reading, Pa., sponsible. when his ministerium was in session discussing the matter, he walked in, "I shall have to retire" said one grip in hand, and proposed that he minister. "What's the trouble?" ask- would go back and get hold of the ed a sympathetic friend. situation. At seventy-five he spoiled all the kind and thoughtful plans for "I'm fifty years old" answered the his retirement by buying another retirer impressively and I feel as if ticket for India. I had served my day and generation." Raymund Lull, foremost among That was the age at which Chris- the noblemen of the Middle Ages, gave tian Frederick Heyer said; up his position and honor as grand seneschal of the court and spent nine "I shall have to take a medical years in a cell on Mount La Randa, course to fit myself for my life work." with a Moorish servant who taught Heyer had gone out to India when he him Arabic. When he was fifty-five was forty-eight, although some of the years old he sailed for Tunis, the one members of his Mission Board had missionary in all the world to Mohamshaken their heads very doubtfully medans. Vander Kemp was fifty about sending such "an old man" to years old when he went out as a med- India. When he came back on his ical missionary to South Africa. first furlough in four years he was convinced that a medical course was We have women who have literary necessary for his most efficient work ability who feel that they were so

handicapped in early life they have our methods of work sending young had no chance.. Amelia E. Barr pub- lished her first book after she was men and women to, Christian colfifty and published seventy-four others in the thirty-three years between leges and helping other people to her fiftieth and eighty-eighth birthdays. see the possibility of having part in Gladstone was appointed premier the work of the next generation. at eighty-three. Edison is still inventing at seventy-three. A business man of N ew Jersey as- The only gray which really dis- sumed the support of a bright young qualifies for service is of a kind that no external application of dye can girl through college and medical change. Some men are gray with age when their hair is yet black and others school with the expectation that she are never old though their hair may turn white at twenty. would become a medical missionary.

Intrigue, jealousy, lack of consid- After completing the medical course eration may lead a man to the shelf, but no one except himself can ever she married a young physician. really shelve him. A man may be retired from a certain position but he "I thought then," said the business alone can retire himself from service. man, "that my investment had not WHAT THEY DID AFTER THEY WERE FIFrY turned out exactly as I had hoped, Always a son and a daughter in but I knew she was qualified for good College. A man said to his wife "Elizabeth and John both graduate work in America. After a while I next year. It will seem rather strange not to have any children in college." had a message that both she and her The mother's face clouded and then husband were going as medical misbrightened as she said: "It would be just as easy to send some one else sionaries. You never can tell about next year as it was to send Elizabeth and John this year, and I'd rather do investments. Sometimes you get comit than to buy the new house." pound interest when you don't expect They did it. They found the young' man and the young woman in all ~" . their acquaintance who gave best promise of using to adnntage a col- THOSE EMPTY NURSERIES. A wolege course and never since their own man went into her empty nursery. children graduated has there been a Her children were grown and maryear they have not had a son and a ried. The bright sun streamed in on daughter in college. unused toys. The absolute orderliness of her well-furnished home oppressed Why should we have less part in her. Christian education when the children that are ours by birth are "Why should there be so many through college? If we made sacri- childless homes and so many homefices to send them to college why less children?" she said. should we cease to sacrifice when there are many others whose lives She went out and found two of the might be trained for missionary serv- homeless children. ice at home or abroad. There are many people who talk Why should we not make one of much about how much better they could train their children if they had it to do over again, but few of them really make use of their experience.

"I hope to give my second family the benefit of the experience with my first," said the lady who brought two homeless little ones into the love and light of her home.

EIGHT EXTRA. She was a quiet little woman with snow white hair. During .the conference on missionary methods in the great auditorium she said not. a word. The sound of her pwn voice would have frightened her, but as we rode home she said, "I have had to do my work at home. As my large family was growing UP 1

realized how easily I could care for citizens. So a woman in Pennsyl- Qne child more since I was giving all vania whom people called aged and infirm had part in vigorous youthful 'of my time at home,. so at di1!erent service in India. times I have had the JOY of haVing as members of my family eight ory~an A WHOLE STATION. A middlechildren. All of them are ChnstIan men and women today, who are tak- aged successful bu~iness. man looke.d ing their part in the world's work and I am much better off than if I had his bank account, hiS bUSiness and hiS shut them out of my love and care when I had plenty to take them in." investments squarely in the face. All Another mother who was a busy had grown very steadily. He knew pastor's wife with three children adopted three orphan children to grow he could do the thing th.e Mission up and go to school and be. trained Board Secretary was asking him to for service with her own children. do. Is IT TOO LATE? A woman went home from her father's funeral, and "I'll do it" he said. looked about her at the empty house. That meant that he would take the Twenty years ago she was, to. have been married. Her mother s Illness support of an entire.missio!l s.tatiol!- and invalidism had kept her at home. Then her father demand~d her care, send out the foreign mlSSlOnanes, N ow at forty she was alone. She was not sorry she had given those twenty support the native preachers and vears to them but now it was too late to do anything else. "Was it too teachers, build the churches and late ?" The lines about her mouth became very resolute. Why should she schools required to give the Gospel not fill the coming years full to the brim? to two hundred and fifty thousand She entered a training school for people. Christian workers, taking an additional social service course at a uni- There are other men who have versity. She studied as the younger students did not know how to study, never been brought fa.ce to face with and instead of living a life of drea.ry loneliness she is the center of a c!hns- such "big business" in missions who tian settlement. would make similar investments. IN THE SERVICE AT ONE HUNDRED. Training Our Successors. At the Recently a woman died in Penn~yl­ vania having added more than thirty 1921 Foreign Missions Conference at years to her allotted three score and ten. At one hundred she still had part Garden City more than one person in missionary service. Many years ago she assumed the support of ~ boy noticed an older woman who usually in India. When her boy fil11shed sat with a young girl. The woman school he decided to be a preacher. His friend in America decided she had attended many Conferences. It would continue to support him, as he fitted himself for the ministry. He was the girl's first Conference. The became an exceptionally successful native pastor. Through his ministry woman was ever on the alert to see robber bands that no one else· had that the Conference would mean the been able to reach became Christian most possible to the girl.

"Who is going to carryon the work" she said, "unless we older wo- men are careful to surround ourselves with girls we are training to take our places." .

Any middle-aged w:oman w~o. IS not giving some attentlOn to training her successors is too short sighted for real success.

The type of woman who covets for herself such enconiurns as; "When she drops out her work will stop:'

"She was wonderful! We can never get anyone to fill her place," is ~ar below the type of whom It can be said; "She was far-sighted enough to plan the work so it would adv~nce steadily without her." "She trained her successors so there was no break."

A TALENT SEARCH Note: You will not likely b~ called on at onu to do all the things listed. Fifty-three members who belonged If the above plan is followed be to a Missionary Society received this sure that the committee makes good use of the talents discovered. letter: SISTER COLLEGES "You are invited to take part in a One of the developments in inter- 'Talent Search' for the Vomen's Mis- national friendships is seen in the sis- ter colleges. Many of the women's sionary Society. We are sure there colleges in America are becoming strong big sisters to the colleges of are many hidden talents among our the Orient.

members. There are many other At the annual meeting of the Fedtalents be~ides money of which the eration of Woman's Boards of For- eign Missions, Mrs. Burton St. John, Lord has need. In planning the work Student Secretary of the Methodist for the coming year we want to have Episcopal Church, said: There is a growing feeling of sisa program of service with every mem- terliness among our students, and a ber doing the things she can do best. more intelligent interest in the Orient- al college girl, resulting from educa- Here are some of the things our mem- tional programs carried on in the colleges. The expression of this inbers will be asked to do. In each terest is taking shape in exchange of correspondence and small gifts, and blank please write whether or not you in the larger contributions to the sup- port of the Oriental colleges. will give service along the line indi- A few items will show how it works cated. We are not asking the most locally: expert service but the most willing Dakota Wesleyan had a Sister College Day. A play was given in the chapel by service that may become more expert. the girls, and in the afternoon, a program and tea, after which subscriptions were We want to have on file a list of taken, for Tokyo Women's College.

women who can and will give various At the University of Southern Cali- fornia, three Chinese students served a types of service. Will you: Chinese dinner to over seventy-five girl. to boost Ginling. They invited a Ginling L Play organ or piano if called on? girl from Pomona College to be their 2. Sing in chorus choir for meetings guest for the day. This girl spoke at the in church, hospital or in homes? Y. W. C. A. meeting in the morning, and 3. Play any other musical instrument? gave an after-dinner speech in the even- 4. Lead a meeting? ing. 5. Lead in prayer? 6. Prepare articles or papers on as- Topeka Branch gave a large share of signed subjects? its Annual Meeting to student interests. A 7. Read leaflets in meetings? college girls' banquet was served to four. 8. Prepare and make short talks if ma- hundred guests, and toasts were given to terial for ;:.tudy is furnish.,d you? "Other Girls," "Double Up," etc. On col- 9. Be hostess for meetings at church or lege night a debate wa. held, "Why I at homes of others? believe in my Sister College," in which 10. Offer your home for meetings as five girls defended each her own Sister, needed? If so how many people can you and $25 was given to the winner-Bakerseat in one room or rooms with open for their Ginling Fund. doors? 11. Offer an automobile for occasional Thirty-four colleges gave to their sevuse in meeting speakers, visiting sick and en Sister Colleges in the Orient this last abs-entee members? year the splendid sum of $10,224.59. 12. Decorate church for special occasions ? Goucher College gave the largest out- 12. Furnish flowers for church or to be right sum-$2,037.S0. sent to the sick? 13. Visit sick or absent members? Cornell College had the largest increase; 14. Make or help make posters and from $150 last year, to $1,450 thi. year. charts? 15. Lead a Mission study class? 16. Read to "Shut Ins"? 17. Visit hospitals? 18. Prepare special food for sick on request of committee? 19. Make costumes needed for pageants? 20. Suggest other things you would like to do or think should be done? 21'. Give names of other people with talent. you think may be unknown to the committee?

Woman's Home Mission

EDITED BY FLORENCE E. QUINLAN, 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW YORK EXTRACTS FROM THE ANNUAL REPORT The Council of Women for Home Just before Christmas, a Christmas llissions is becoming, in the bulk of message as the Bible puts it was sent its work, closely related to other to three hundred foreign-language agencies. Each year marks closer co- publications, two hundred twenty-five operation with the Home Missions church papers and every daily news- Council. Many joint standing com- paper in the United States. The mittees with that Council and with marked copies received indicate a wide other agencies have functioned during use of this material.

1920. New Americans PubUcity This Committee has had a year of formulating policies, of finding feas- The genius of Home Missions ible lines of cooperative service, of Council and Council of Women pub- gathering stores of knowledge from licity is the quiet spreading throughout every section of the United States. the land of the story of cooperation Special attention was centered upon among the Home Mission agencies of surveys of foreign language lite ·a- Protestant churches. Publicity, as ture and press, survey of foreign lang- conceived by this Committee, is edu- uage religious education literature, cation through the presentation of and racial group studies prepared by facts so treated as to be alive with in- experts. spiration and the spirit of encouragement. A Bureau of Information on non- English-speaking people in America The field to be thus educated is, began its work October 1, 1920, the first, denominational home mission staff dealing with foreign-language workers, including officials and mis- literature of the Board of Home Missionaries, and the ministry and mem- sions and Church Extension of the bership whom they serve- and repre- Methodist Episcopal Church having sent. The second division of this field offered their services for that purpose. is the general public. The misconcep- The Bureau has under way at the tions of the public as to the relation- present time (l) the establishing of ships of the different denominations a bibliography for each language is due to lack of knowledge and to er- group, (2) the development of a file roneous interpretations, written and of outstanding leaders in each langprinted by those either not careful of uage group, (3) the compilation of their phrasing, or eager to throw dust statistics on the strength of the various in the eyes of those who would see denominations in the work with forclearly if given the opportunity. eign-language groups in the United States and Canada (4) the maintain- The first task of the year was the ing of a clipping file on each langpreparation and sending to five hun- uage group. dred of the leading newspapers of the country and two hundred church papers a four-page single-space story of the Annual Meeting of 1920. Then Farm and Cannery MJgrants began to go forth a continuous stream Seven women's boards furnished of information. Then there has been funds for four experimental stations something to say it has been said to in New Jersey, Delaware and Mary- the best of our ability and sent out land during the summer of 1920, the for publication. . funds being dispensed through the 3$1

treasury of the Council of 'Vomen. Spanish-speaking people. They have There was altogether a total of forty- , more than three thousand pupils en- five weeks of service at the four sta- rolled in their educational institutions tions. Three types of communities in the states of California, Arizona, were selected, each being composed New Mexico, Texas and Colorado.

of foreign-speaking folk: (1) where There is also a Protestant church the. produce was shipped fresh to the membership of more than ten thou- market, (2) a cannery owned by an sand in these states, and work for individual who lived in the community, .Mexicans is being carried on at ap- (3) a cannery owned by an absentee proximately three hundred different 'Corporation, with a local manager. points.

The funds for salaries, travel and fur- Indian Missions nishings were provided by the Boards through the Council, the owner pro- This Committee has been active in vided the building and permanent promoting the following lines of work equipment with service, the local com- during the past year: the survey of munity or nearby town gave moral the American Indian field: allocation support and aid, especially through a of responsibility for unreached and partially occupied fields among 46,000 committee of leading women. The general program was essen- Indians in the continental United tially alike in each of the stations" States; cooperation with other agenthough the group served was some- cies in the suppression of the peyote times Italian, sometimes Polish; one evil; providing for a unified program place needing especially the day nurs- of religious education in Government ery and kindergarten, while at another schools under trained directors; emspecial attention was given to work phasizing the need of suitable literafor older children and to those em- ture for religious education in home ployed by the ·cannery. At each there and school; stimulating cooperating was direct Americanization, and the Boards and Societies to strengthen alinculcating of honesty, respect and ready existing mission schools and reverence. Lessons in citizenship and provide adequate educational facilities sanitation, in practical home-making for the thousands of children not now and simple arts and crafts, served to in any school; urging the necessity transform lives and homes. To real- of strong Sunday-scbools, young peoize what the work means one must ple's work and community work know of the unspeakable conditions among the native churches,. mission in the shacks and bunk houses, of the stations and centers of Indian populaappalling ignorance and living habits, tion; standing as a unit for a native of the small rooms housing girls and Christian leadership, well trained, and older brothers and roomers indiscrim- the establishment of a central interlnately, of the gambling and smoking denominational institution for the :and bullying, of the lack of law and training of such leaders from all the 'order. One must follow the familv tribes of the United States and eventu- :groups from city slum to berry patch. ally from Mexico and South America. to vegetable garden, to oyster bed, and Practically ninety-five per cent. of 'back again over the cycle-a migrant the Indian young people outside of 'life without real home or opportunity those in attendance at the regular pub- lic schools are enrolled in Federal infor school or play. stitutions. In such institutions there is Spanish-Speaking People great need for a unified religious edu- The most conservative estimate of cation program under trained direc- Spanish-speaking people in the Soutl1- tion. The plan has already been car- west is at least 1,500,000. There are ried out in Haskell Institute at Law- eight denominations engaged in edu- rence, Kansas, and has met with cational work for these Mexicans, ann gratifying success. There isa great

WOMAN'S HOME MISSION BULLETIN

need of simple Bible study courses and of the American Nation" have been Sunday-school literature for the Indian widely circulated, not only through young people. At the Wallace Lodge 6,000 copies but through the religious Conference in September, 1920, a com- press of the various denominations. mittee was appointed, to confer with the International Sunday School Les- It is of importance that we note the son Committee to devise means for strides made in inter-racial cooperagetting out a new Sunday School Les- tion between white and colored peoson sheet for use among Indians. ple, not simply in some sections of the South but in widely distributed areas. Developments of much promise for The very best and most Christian talnative leadership are looked for from ent of both races has been actively the recently organized "Indian VoIttn- enlisted. Attention should also be teer Bands" in two of the larger In- given to the progress of work for dian schools. The members are inter- Negroes in the North undertaken by ested in fitting themselves for positions Boards of ljlixed white and colored of helpfulness among their own peo- membership. The purely Negro deple, living as Christians in whatever nominations have been forging ahead walks of life they may enter. A num- in constructive missionary policies in ber of these young people have de- the fields of Negro education and clared it as their intention, God will- church life during the last five years. ing, to enter Christian callings. Recrn1t1ng the Home H1sslon FGnle8 Orientals in America The most imperious need of the The work among the Chinese be- hour is for Christian leadership. The gan in 1852. There are now 43 Chris- Committee has felt that it has been tian institutions for the Chinese in called into existence not so much as northern California-three are chil- a committee of survey as to find candidren's homes, one a Y. M. and one a dates-both men and women-whom Y. W. C. A. ; ten missions in southern the homeland agencies may definitely California; four in Portland; one mis- commission for longer or shorter persion and a Chinese Y. M. C. A. in iods. The Committee serves as a Seattle. The Japanese work was or- clearing house for the recruiting efganized in 1877 and now is in 40 forts of the various Boards which are places in northern and 32 places in constituen'ts bf 'the Councils. The southern California. The Korean various denominations have been work has been in existence about 20 largely individualistic so far as their years and is conducted in fifteen programs of effort at summer conferpoints in California. ences were concerned. Possible candi- dates were being lost between confer- It would be difficult to find any- ences and Board offices. where a more noble work carried on in a more noble spirit, or in buildings The Secretaries have done some colbetter fitted to express that nobility lege visitation work since the comof missionary enthusiasm than that mencement of the fall term. Investidone by the Methodist and Presbyter- gation has been inaugurated with a ian Boards in their rescue homes for view to the utilization of Board sec- Chinese girls. retaries and missionaries in an inter- denominational way. A mim who Negro Americans visits can recruit for twenty denom- The Committee has busied itself – inations as well as for one. He will during the past year in the promotion not have a knowledge as to the ex- of the platform of Christian principles act character of the need in particular enunciated at the conference of col- fields in denominations other than his ored and white leaders in New York own, but he will know types. The in- City on September 4, 1919. The facts formation thus secured by a relatively of the leaflet "The Negro, An Asset small group of men and women and

imparted to the appropriate Boards, if Home Envelope were issued for use properly followed up by each Board, with the junior book. Of "The Church will result in as definite and worthy and the Community," over 70,800 results as if the old individualistic were sold; of "Serving the Neighbor- method were further pursued. When hood," over 28,000 were sold; of "Mr. the richness and sweep and signifi- Friend-o'-Man," 10,600 were sold be- cance of the home missionary oppor- fore December 16. tunity are properly presented, it is not difficult to secure the thoughtful Three books are in process for consideration of the best type of stu- 1921-22 on the general theme "Fac- dents. Denominationalism no longer ing Our Unfinished Task in America," bulks large in the student mind. Stu- for adults a book by Dr. H. Paul dents think of denominations as co- Douglass, for young people a book operating, not competing units. They by Fred Eastman, and a junior book cannot understand why a dozen repre- which takes the form of travel stories sentatives of as many denominations by Mrs. Agnes Wilson Osborne. should waste their time in one institu- tion when one man can do the work Women's Federations for the group. In the early part of 1920 a "Sug- Study Courses g~stive Constitution" for state or local Women's Church and Missionary If new impetus were needed to the Federations, recommended by the devotion of the Committee it could be Council and the Federation of Wo- found in the example of those others man's Boards of Foreign Missions, who with passionate zeal seek to edu- was published by these two bodies. cate the masses with mistaken and Feeling the importance of joint action misleading formulas of salvation. A in regard to local federations the Com- multitude of cults and creeds that mittee of the Council and the Com- know not Christ, and have not God mittee of the Federation constituted in all their thoughts, are bidding suc- themselves a joint committee. This cessfully for the minds and hearts of committee is planning ways in which thousands of earnest seekers after to be of real service to local federa- truth. Christian education in its tions, especially in the presentation of widest significance must be the instru- suggestions for the annual program and activities. "'" ment of saving all such. It must be U i ' ',set over against the avalanche of sub- Committee on Consu1tation "tie half truths and falsehoods which On invitation of the Federal Coun- are circulated by the millions of copies cil of the Churches of Christ in Amer- in many languages and distributed ica, a conference between representa- throughout city and hamlet among. tives of the Federal Council and other people of every tongue and ,every interdenominational agencies was held color. The educational service, then, in New York City, December 13, 1920. of Home Missions becomes of first It was voted that it was "the sense importance as it contributes in any of this conference that there is need. wise to the spreading of Christ's for closer and more mutually support- ideals, and the essentials of Christian ing relationships between the agen- principles in human relationships. cies represented." As a result a Committee on Consultation was rec- Of "Christian Americanization" ommended "made up of representa- 117,000 copies were sold; of the jun- tives from each of these agencies to ior book, "Called to the Colors," 11,000 meet periodically to consider matters copies were sold. To accompany the of common interest and to study the adult book there was a supplement and problems of cooperation. The Coun- also a devotional booklet, "The Bible cil of Women has three representatives Message for the Stranger Within Our on this committee." Gates." while a Manual and a Take

FROM MANY

LATIN AMERICA "A little later came another letter 'Sunday School in Brazil with £3 enclosed, and with some dif- REV. HERBERT S. HARRIS was ficulty I obtained for him a copy of sent to Brazil as Sunday School the Catholic Bible. Within three Secretary last May. A central office months he wrote again: 'I beg you to was opened in Rio de Janeiro, and Mr. Harris has made a number of or- ask all the believers in Jesus Christ ganizing trips through the various to pray for my conversion. I have states. Recently an important step many difficulties.' Hundreds of Praywas taken in the appointment of an er-Circle members and others made interdenominational committee to con- this a matter of special prayer, while sider the merging of denominational I continued the correspondence with interests in the preparation of suitable ever-increasing hopefulness. Only a and adequate Sunday-school literature for Brazil. A new Methodist few days before setting out on my long Publishing House at Sao Paulo will journey to the Caraja Indians, I reissue a monthly lesson paper for chil- ceived a letter from Luiz, telling me dren, a quarterly for adult classes and that the great decision was made, and an annual lesson help for teachers, signing himself, 'Your brothel' in J esprobably Dr. Winton's Notes Expli- us Christ.' cativas. "Since then I have made a journey Another important advance is a to his town and found that the Pope's library, in Portuguese, of religious Bible had done wonders indeed. I pedagogy. Translators are now at found a fine Gospel Mission Hall, one of the best buildings in the town, enwork on the first four books of the tirely built at Sefior Luiz's expense. series: "The Sunday School at Much of the decoration, and all the Work"; "Learning and Teaching"; texts adorning its walls, were his own "Life in the Making"; and "Organiz- handiwork. Outside the building, ing and Directing the Sunday easily seen by all who enter the town, he has placed a huge carved Bible, in- School." scribed with the following words: 'Search the Scriptures'."

A Notable Conversion The Neglected Continent MR. F. C. GLASS reports a grow- Ryder Memorial Hospital ing interest in the Bible throughout Brazil. He writes: A N UNOBTRUSIVE and to many "Over a year ago I received a letter . an entirely unknown work is carfrom a Catholic gentleman in the in- ried on in a sacrificial spirit at the terior of Pernambuco. He had seen Ryder Memorial Hospital, at Humaour leaflet offering Bibles for sale, cao, Porto Rico. This is the out- growth of medical missionary work and enclosing about seven shillings, started by Dr. Schurter under the Congregational Board several years asked to be supplied with a Catholic ago. The little hospital accommo- Bible having the Pope's approval. I dates sixteen patients and is always replied that such a book would cost £3, but that I could furnish him with full. In one month last year 3012 the same book, minus the pictures, the patients were treated at the clinic, Apocrypha, and the Pope's approval aside from the regular inmates of the yet quite authentic and complete. He hospital. This work is all done by replied that he wished a Catholic Dr. Schurter as resident physician, Bible or none, whereupon I returned his wife as matron and one trained his money, adding a few tracts. nurse.

235

NORTH AMERICA (1) to acquaint the student with Second National Lutheran Councll present day movements in industrial THE National Lutheran Council, relationships and interdenominational formed by the merging of several cooperation; and (2) to give advanced Lutheran bodies, held its second an- instruction to those who expect to nual meeting in Chicago early in De- deal with the problems involved in cember, and adopted a comprehensive these movements.

program in which relief and friendly Among the· topics considered iri cooperation in Europe was the dom- their relation to church responsibility inant note. Reports at the Council are charity organization, child labor showed that every country in Europe and community recreation. The purwhere the Lutheran Church is found pose of the courSe on interdenominahas received assistance. In Poland a tional cooperation is to study the prinloan of 21,000,000 marks was ar- ciples which underlie the movements ranged for farmers, .whereby about toward Christian unity; and another five hundred communities were stabil- course on race relationships will conized. The region near Warsaw had sider the economic and psychological begun to thrive again when last sum- factors of the Negro question, the inmer's Bolshevist drive devastated. tricate problem of the Asiatics in about seventy per cent of the area America and the relation of immi- grant groups to our American comand a second loan is necessitated.

The Council authorized plans for a munity life.

World Conference of Lutherans in 1922, and urged a worthy celebration Rosenwald Fnnd at Work T of the quadricentenary of the Diet of HE following is an outline of the plan of the Julius Rosenwald Fund Worms, which falls on April 18, 1921.

Dr. Lauritz Larsen is President of in its beneficent work of raising the the Council. standard of rural Negro education World Convention or c. E. in the South. The program for 1920- 21 provides for the expenditure of THE fortieth anniversary of the $500,000 from the Fund, and $1,500,- founding of the Christian En- 000 from public and private sources. deavor Society will be marked by a World Convention in New York City, The school site must include ample July 6-11, 1921. During these forty space for playgrounds and for such years, it is conservatively estimated, agricultural work as is necessary for some twenty million young people the best service of the community. The minimum area for a one-teacher have been connected with the Society. school is two acres. In the United States nearly one-sixth of all the inhabitants are now or have Plans and specifications for every building shall be approved by the, been connected with the movement. General Field Agent before construc- while in missionary lands progress tion is begun. has been equally significant. India Aid will be granted toward the con- has 2000 societies, China 1200 and struction and equipment of only those even distant islands maintain such or- school buildings whose terms run at ganizations. They have also found least five consecutive months. their way into prisons, on ships of the . navy and in barracks of the soldiers. It is a condition precedent to re- ceiving the aid of the Fund that the people of the several communities Home Service Courses shall secure an amount equal to, or THE Union Theological Seminary greater than, that provided bv the. is offering special courses from Fund. .

January to May for students planning Every community ~rees to com- to engage in special types of Christian plete, equip and furmsh its school work. The aim of these courses is building within eight months after re-

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porting that it has qualified for aid Chicago Hebrew Mission, 1311 So. from the Fund. Kedzie Ave., Chicago, Ill.

To insure the protection of the Japanese Institute In Chicago property and to make the schools serve the broadest community inter- THERE are some five hundred Japests, Teachers' Homes should be pro- anese residing in or near Chicago, vided on the school ground. mostly young men. At least one-third of the number are students, who have At the close of every month the come to America with large· hopes State Department will be expected to and plans. The J apanese Young report to the General Field Agent any Men's Christian Institute provides a amount or amounts disbursed, with a place where these young men may restatement showing that the work has ceive a word of. encouragement, been inspected and approved by an friendly counselor even material asauthorized representative of the State sistance if needed. Many of these Department of Education. Thereup- young Japanese struggle with untold on the Fund will replenish its deposit hardships, and the Institute exists to in the amount disbursed. help them keep pure in heart, strong in mind and sound of body. Mr. The Southern Workman Misaki Shimadzu is in charge of the Institute. Jewish Evangelization in Chicago A"Jewish Negroes" THE reports given at the Annual REPRESENTATIVE of the Meeting of The Chicago Hebrew Jewish Forward is authority for Mission, held January 19th, were very the following account of a colored encouraging. During the past year Jewish center in New York City, with 11,722 personal calls were 'made upon members scattered all over the counthe Jews of Chicago, and 7,305 per- try. Their mission is to convince the sonal conversations held with them world that they, the Negroes, are the regarding their Saviour and Messiah. real Jews and that the white Jews are These resulted in the professed ac- usurpers. They claim that the Neceptance of Christ on the part of 44 groes are descendants of Esau, and Jews, and a number of Poles and therefore the real Jews, whom God other nationalities. During the year has chosen for His people. Because of there was a total attendance of 9,205 their long servitude the Negroes do children in the classes, clubs and Sun- not yet know their high estate, and the day-schools of the Mission, while a Lord has commanded twelve prophtotal of 35,000 adults and children ets to open the eyes of the colored were reported as attending the 192 to the secret which the sons of Jacob open air meetings conducted during have suppressed. As soon as all the the summer. Gospel meetings, moth- race learn that they are the real ers' meetings, and night classes were Chosen People the Messiah will come, held each week. probably not later than in 1925. The twelve apostles have initiated a com- The Book Store of the Mission has mune among themselves. All memdistributed during the past year, 3,012 bers of the Society, no matter where Bibles and Testaments, 61,431 Gos- they are, do some work. Everything pels and 562,410 tracts. In addition they earn they send in to the secreto that distributed in Chicago, litera- tary, and the twelve decide how much ture has been sent to 44 States and each one shall reserve for his or her 19 foreign countries, and there dis- expenses. They also decide where tributed by other Missions amJ by in- and how the members shall live and dividuals. Anyone desiring Testa- what they shall wear. The Society ments, gospels and tracts, either in also devotes it~elf to welfare work, English or Yiddish, for distribution among the Jews of their community, can secure them by writing Rev. Norman H. Camp, Superintendent of The

making no distinctions in color or land, was sent to Parliament protestreligion, their object being propa- ing against the mission as "derogaganda work. tory to the dignity and authority of the British Crown and a violation of The most interesting thing about the acknowledged Protestant constithese "real" Jews is that they believe tution of the realm; as being tantanot only in the Mosaic Law, but in mount to the recognition of the Pope Jesus Christ. as a temporal sovereign and the Pap- acy as occupying a position of equal- The Gospel by Caravan ity in matters of State with other powers; as a probable step toward TWO young Canadian women the resumption of permanent diplo- toured the province of Saskatche- matic relations with the Vatican wan and Alberta last summer in a motor caravan, which was equipped with * * * and, further, as being repugmattresses, cooking stove, tent, etc. They went 3,000 miles, visiting towns nant to the religious convictions and and going out to far off day schools patriotic sentiments of the vast maon the prairie. Fourteen districts and jority of the subjects of the realm." ten Sunday-schools were visited and The petition closed with an urgent demonstration classes held, also pic- appeal that the envoy be ~mmediately tures and books given to teachers and recalled. children. Five Sunday-schools were started in districts where there were Although this was not done, the no Sunday-schools. As there is no public was assured that this was Scripture teaching in the day schools merely a temporary appointment for in the two provinces, the children the duration of the war. In now anseemed to know nothing about the nouncing that this mission to the Vat- Life of Christ, and could not say the ican is to be continued, the Com- Lord's Prayer. mittee considers that the Government . Sixty children, who lived far away has not kept faith with the public. on the prairie, joined the Sundayschool by post. They will have les- Original Secession Magazine sons sent to them for each Sundav, which they will answer and have co~­ Independence for Scottish Y. W. C. A. rected. Twelve prairie day schools were visited, and Scripture lessons ON ACCOUNT of geographical, were given. Many Bible picture talks temperamental and ecclesiastical were arranged around the caravan, differences, the Scottish Council of to which children belonging to all de- the Young Women's Christian Assonominations came. It is hoped that a ciation last year drafted a proposal similar plan may be tried in some of for independence, and presented it to our western districts. the British National Council in Lon- don on May 20th. Partly as an out- EUROPE come of this request a conference of Scotland Protests against Envoy to English, Welsh and Scottish repre- sentatives met in London, October Vatican 19th, to discuss a plan of federation by THE Acting Committee of the which Scotland would be linked with Scottish Reformation Society, representing to a large extent the Prot- the Federal Council, and at the same estant sentiment of the country, has entered a vigorous protest against the time would have entire independence continuance of a British envoy at the in carrying on its own work along its Vatican. At the time this appointment was originally made, a petition, own lines. In pursuance of this plan, signed chiefly by the people of Scot- the Scottish Council has proceeded to draw up its own constitution. The work of the Association is being vig- orously pushed throughout Scotland, and revived interest in spiritual things is reported.

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The Finnish Mission Society stitution for Malta provides that all persons inhabiting the colony shall THE Finnish Mission Sodety main- have full. liberty of conscience and tains work in Africa and China, the free exercise of their respective as well as Jewish missions in Europe modes of religious worship, and that and home missions in Finland. The no person shall be subjected to any work in Amboland, southwest Africa, disability or excluded from holding has prospered as the field has widened. any office by reason of his religious Three evangelists have been commis- profession. Subject to this proviso sioned during the past year. After the people of Malta will be entirely the German missionaries were re- self-governing in matters of religion moved from Ukuanjama, the Finnish and will not be precluded from giving Society undertook the responsibility special recognition in education or of caring for the native congregations, otherwise to the religion of the overtraining teachers and continuing the whelming majority of the population." schools. Thirteen graduates are now at work among five different tribes. Evangelical Christendom As a result of the constant emigra.- AFRICA tion from Amboland to Herreroland, West Africa, the Finnish Mission has Educational Progress lost many members, but the Gospel has thereby been more widely spread. THE Africans of the western col- Rhenish missionaries provided even- onies and protectorates (Gambia, ing schools and devotional services Sierra Leone, Nigeria and Gold for about 10,000 Ambo immigrants in Coast) have combined to form a Herrerolancf, resulting in over 500 "Conference of West Africans," which baptisms in 1919. In the home sta- held its first meeting at Accra, the tions in Amboland, native Christians Gold Coast capital, in March, and are steadily striving for self-support. which. is likely to become a powerful instrument for consolidating African Finnish missionary work in China opinion and bringing it to bear efhas been seriously handicapped be- fectively on public questions. It passed cause of political conditions and the a number of resolutions of which difficulty of communication with the some of the most important urged the home land. Notwithstanding all necessity for a West African Univerdrawbacks, 188 converts were bap- sity which can give technical, industized the past year, and the native trial, scientific and professional trainchurch now numbers 1764. ing. Sir Harry Johnston is pressing for four African universities, namely, Religious Liberty in Malta one in West Africa (in Sierra Leone or the Kamerun), one in South Af- EFFORTS on the part of Roman rica (at Cape Town or Graham's Catholics are being made to secure Town), another in East Africa (at a declaration in the new Malta con- Zanzibar), and a fourth to be formed by giving Gordon College at Kharstitution that Roman Catholicism is tum the status of a university. the established religion of the island. It is known that the Government Missionary John Flazon of Malta wishes training in scienc'e and engiwrites encouragingly of the hope for neering to be given at Fourah Bay, but opposition to this sc,heme has been full religious liberty. On November expressed on the ground that it will 17, when the British Under Secretary produce theorists and not practical of State was asked in the House of engineers. Another important educa- Commons whether the new govern- tional movement is that for the better ment of Malta will have the power of training of African girls. conferring privileges on a particular church which are not enjoyed by C. M. S. Review other churches he replied: "Clause fifty-six of the draft Con-

Native Races and LIquor Trame W. C. Johnston was transferred to the Elat Presbyterian Church, he I T MAYbe reserved for Liberia to found that there was not only a fall- demonstrate to the African Contin- ing off in church attendance, but a ent what a dry republic can achieve. disposition to slip backward into The, new President has declared that heathen customs. The session decided "no consideration of the alleged ad- not to accept any new members, nor vantages occurring to the public rev- baptize any infants until they first deenue from the importation or local voted every effort to getting· the caremanufacture of alcoholic liquors less Christians into better form. At ought to weigh anything, in view of first the people were amazed, but soon the great evil which has been in the realized the meaning and necessity past, and is still being inflicted upon for such a move, and manifested a our country by their use." With the wholesome change of heart. advent of an enlightened and liberat· ing policy, together with the guidance A placard experiment was tried to of stich an able President, it is to be ensure promptness in church attendhoped that the liquor traffic in Liberia ance. Over the door was placed a will soon be a thing of the past. card reading "I am early." As soon as the service began the card was re- The action of the Dutch Reformed versed and the other side showed the Church in May, 1919, when they pro- one word "Shame." On the second nounced in favor of complete prohi- Sunday thereafter; only twenty-three bition with regard to the production, were late out of 1148. importation, and traffic in alcoholic liquors .is a marked feature of the MOSLEM LANDS fight now taking place in South Af- New AInerican University at Cairo rica against the proposals to increase facilities for obtaining liquor by col- THE launching of the new Amerored and native popUlations. ican University at Cairo has been attended by many gratifying and en- Life of Faith couraging features. Egyptians have universally welcomed the institution, Tbe Bible in Zande and 180 students applied for admis- sion. This number was finally sifted EIGHT years ago a party of Church down to 142, as the practical limit Missionary 'Society workers trav- of capacity for the first year. eled a thousand miles Up the White Nile above Khirtum, and then made The mission schools of Egypt entheir way three hundred miles through roll about 12% of Moslems in their swamps and forests to the Azande student body; the University enrolcountry, near the equator. At that ment is 75% Moslem. It was the time the Zande language had never hope of the founders to reach the been reduced to writing, and after future leadership of Egypt; an anmuch patient study the missionaries alysis of the present enrolment reveals made a vocabulary and grammar. In two sons of governors of Provinces, 1918, the Bible Society published St. three sons of mayors, four sons of Mark, and in 1920, St. Luke. These judges of the Superior Court and crude people, who had never seen a twenty-four sons of Pashas and Beys. single letter in print and at first held their books upside down, in about a Prayer is asked for the continued year had learned to read through the development of the University. gospel of Mark. Syrian Evangelists for Moslems l'ardiness Not Excused at Elat MR. CHARLES H. DANA, who AFRICAN Christians are not dif- is at the head of the Beirut Mis- ferent from many others in their sion Press, believes that· the Syrian· tendency to tardiness and irregular- race is the one to which the Chrisfian ity in church attendance. When Rev. world must look for the evangeliza- tion of Mohammedans. nne of the

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most effective ways of doing this, he New Zionist Orphange believes, is by educating and recruiting Syrians in the United States, who THE Zionist Commission has eswill return to preach the Gospel to tablished in Jerusalem a home for their neighbors. Several Syrian young men of ability have recently orphan children under two years of come to the United States to form a age. It is operated as a center for union which has this task for its cen- the education of mothers and girls tral purpose. and for the care of children. The plan includes branches throughout The freedom of the press from cen- Palestine where there are 4,500 Hesorship affords rich opportunity for brew war orphans, of whom 1,000 disseminating the Christian literature are in orphanges or in homes. so urgently needed in this new era. Dr. Zwemer once remarked that he Jewish Restoration ~fovement would never be satisfied until there is a regular air' service for the dis- THE re3toration of the Jews to tribution of tracts in Mohammedan their native land is well under lands. way. Now we are informed that a Jewish shipping company has been Kaiser's Land for Mission organized at Jaffa, with a capital of $1,250,000, to establish a Jewish mer- THE daily press reports that a chant marine for Palestine. This magnificent estate at Sivas, Tur- company will maintain passenger ser- vice between Jaffa, Constantinople, key, the property of the former Ger- Trieste, Odessa and other Black Sea man Emperor, has been deeded over ports as a means of transporting the to Miss Mary Louise Graffam, a mis- large number of immigrants crowdsionary of the American Board in ing in these ports on their way to the Asia Minor. This estate was ac- Holy Land. Freight service to stimquired by the German ruler in the ulate export and import trade is also era when German dreams of world planned, while a direct service is domination included the seating of contemplated with Liverpool for' the German dignitaries in all lands on a transportation of oranges from the scale befitting the representatives of rich groves near Jaffa. Other plans a dominant nation. It is not stated include the buying and selling of ships by what process the title to the estate and the erection of workshops for has fallen to Miss Graffam, but it is ship repairing. Hebrew will be the thought that pressure was exerted by official language used in the managethe Turks, who had come to have a ment of this company. high regard for her self-sacrificing service. At any rate,. she is now The whole country seems to be setmaintaining her orphanage on the tling down under the new regime and property, and has installed her indus- the first assembly of the Jews unanitrial schools comprising shops for car- mously passed a resolution favoring pentry, tailoring alld weaving. Be- happier relations between Jews and fore the war Miss Graffam's work Arabs, who are declared to be racincluded teaching algebra and Bible ially, linguistically and culturally rein the High School at Sivas and trig– lated. If this spirit holds sway, the ollometry in the teachers' college. She fear of friction between these two was church organist, mission treas- races will prove groundless. urer, director of relief work and itinerant missionary, and when the war Im>1A Am BURMA came she volunteered for service during the typhus epidemic, being made Nation," msslonary Council matron and head of the Red Crescent Hospital, an unsalaried worker, com- rpHE seventh annual Conference of mandeered as an alien enemy. .1 the National Missionary Council was held in Calcutta, November 11- 16. Representatives from Ceylon at-

tended for the first time and the mem- organized, but the results were most bership of the Council was increased encouraging. to fifty. There was a larger proportion of Indian members than hereto- The Fate of mndu Temples fore. Resolutions were passed regarding the admission of missionaries THE Wesleyan Methodist Missioninto India in response to a request of ary Society has issued its 106th the International Missionary Confer- annual report under the fascinating ence which met in Geneva last Aug- title "New Idyls of the King." The ust. The Government of India has report contains two striking incidents, classified all foreign missionaries as the first referring to the consecration recognized and unrecognized. To the of a Hindu temple to the Christian former belong all those whom the faith. "In Katnur in the Palladam Conference of Missionary Societies Taluk the whole village has renounced in the United Kingdom and the For- its idols and received the Christian eign Missions Conference of North faith. The temple, together with all America recommend. All such may the paraphernalia of Hindu worship, enter India without question. Others has been handed over to the Mission, must furnish credentials which the and the people, notwithstanding con- Government will accept. The Gov- siderable persecution and loss, are ernment, however, will work in co- most enthusiastic about the new operation with the National Mission- faith." ary Council, and except in rare cases will leave the matter to the discre- The other describes the work of tion of that body. some Hindu iconoclasts. In Kom- manur it was decided to make a clean Missionaries of alien enemv nation- sweep of idolatry: A procession ality cannot be admitted to india at went singing around the village and present. when they reached the place where foundations of an idol temple had Bible Selling Campaign been laid prayer was offered, after which one of the most influential of MISSIONARIES in India are at- the headmen with a crowbar began to taching more and more import- demolish the shrine, the younger men ance to Bible distribution. A recent working with a will as soon as he Scripture selling 'campaign in Cawn- gave the lead. It was impossible to pore revealed what can be done by complete the work in one day. So united effort, when the Union Zen- they contented themselves with deana Mission, the Presbyterian and the molishing the most significant part of Methodist Mission joined forces in the shrine. Then the crowd moved distributing Bibles at the meetings ar- on to the other temple, which was ranged for Sundar Singh. Within fully built. Again the headman led three days more than 1300 copies the way and the young men did the were sold, a result more noteworthy work after him. All signs and symfrom the fact that no pagan festival bols of idolatry were defaced and a was being held at the same time, for significant portion of the building was on such occasions sales are more thrown down. Since then both buildnumerous. Indian Christians and ings have been razed to the ground. missionaries went along the streets, spoke to people individually, in- Dnyanodaya quired whether they were .readers, and invited their attention' to the Systematic Evangelism Gospels. Often conversation began with individuals, and resulted I N THE Marathi Mission an evanin the coming together of small gelistic campaign is held once a year. crowds, among whom sales were Singing bands go out every day to rapid. The work was only partially different .places, and when a crowd assembles the Gospel story is told. This opens the. way to the sale of

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many hundreds of Gospels and tracts. The total cost of supplying each leper At the evening service the people are with clothes, food, medicine and in- invited to meet and converse with the cidentals is about $4.00 a month. The Christians. Women ',workers carry maintenance cost of the Asylum and the message from house to house, and Home, except for part time salary of men gather audiences on the streets. the superintendent who is loaned by Each day begins with prayer, and re- the Presbyterian Mission, is borne by ports are made as to the number of the Mission to Lepers with headquar- listeners, Gospels sold, and striking ters in Dublin, Ireland. About 45% incidents. 'The week closes with a of the lepers are Christians.

procession through the principal streets. NHWB from Burma T 'The Gospel spreads its influence in HE last annual Baptist Convention and Missionary Conference was many ways. A group of Brahman youth at one time made the request of more than usual importance on for twenty-six copies of the Bible. account of being held in Mandalay When asked the reason for their re- which is the stronghold of Buddhism quest they said they were studying in Burma,' and therefore presented in the High School, Milton's "Para- abundant opportunity for Christian dise Lost," and there were so many' campaigning. In preparation, a week's references which they could not un- series of meetings and systematic derstand without referring to a Bible, home visitation. were carried on. they wished to have their own copies, The Burman is proud and stolid, though there was a large Bible in the and his religion and patriotism are school for reference. closely involved, so that results are dif- Twenty-five Years at Miraj Hospital fictdt to estimate.

For the Convention meetings a THE American Presbyterian Mis- bamboo "mandat" was constructed sion Hospital at Miraj completed seating 1500. The delegates were its twenty-fifth year of service in July, mostly from the two largest native 1919. A report just compiled for this Christian communities, but the hill first quarter century records a total tribes also sent representatives. The of 32,000 in-patients and 847,400 out- Kachins sent a group of two hun- patients who have been helped both dred, a striking testimony of mission- physically and spiritually. Five ary work opened to them thirty-nine branch dispensaries have been es- years ago; and a choir of twenty Lahu tablished. In the Medical School young men and women made another opened in 1907, seventy-three doc- interesting group. These last named tors have been trained, with thirty- were students from the Mission eight now in training. School at Kengtung, and had made Regular evangelistic services are 300 miles of the trip to Mandalay on held in the wards during the greater foot, the rest of the journey being cov- part of the year. The objective is to ered by train in two days. About demonstrate "the fact of Christ"- one-third of the Lahu race has been that mission hospitals are the result Christianized.

of His life and sacrifice, During the 'The further development of inde- twenty-five years, a self-supporting pendence in the native churches, was church with a membership of 150 has the central theme at this Conference.

grown up with the hospital. CIITNA Christ, the Hope of China The Miraj Leper Asylum was THE Canton Times recently deopened in the famine year 1900-1901 voted considerable space to the by Dr, W. J. Wanless, who has been with the Hospital throughout its history, and in 1918 a home for un- question, "What is China's Hope?"

tainted children of lepers was built. Various prominent men had been in-

terrogated on the subject and two of so are Christians always Christians the replies are typical. after having received baptism. I have' seen many persons join a Church and "Why do not the North and the have never seen anyone leave a South get together?" an official was Church. Not only so, but after one asked. "Can't you see that the divi- identifies oneself with a Church his sion of the two is injuring China in children and children's children all her world relations?" "I can tell yov become Christians at birth. If such in one word: 'Selfishness,' " he re- a state of affairs should continue, plied. "What is your solution?" The most of our people would become official answered: "I am convinced monks of this new type by heritage. that nothing can save China but re- The influence of Christianity in the ligion." West is decreasing from the 100th degree to zero, but in China it is in- A merchant of Tientsin was asked a creasing in the reverse order, from similar question and he responded: zero to the,IOOth degree. So, in ad- "I am not a Christian and I am too vocating democracy, we must try to old ever to become one; but I am spread popular education, reconstruct thoroughly convinced that nothing art, and at the same time lessen the but Christianity can save my country. influence of religion. There are many If Christianity does not save us, China now who, in their promotion of the is lost." new culture, also help to promote the new superstition; and so Christianity Pro!' Chen of the Government Uni- becomes a vital problem of to-day." versity at Peking is not a Christian, but in his recently contributed article Let Americans take notice that the in The New Young Man, China's conversion of one such student, and most influential non-Christian mag- the example of practical Christianity azine, he declared : "We do not need at home bears a geometrical ratio to to ask teaching of theology, and will the winning of China for Christ. not trust to any ecclesiastical cere- monies, nor do we need to emphasize Missionary Growtb at Sbnntefu any sect; we will go direct and knock at the door of Jesus Himself. We EIGHTEEN years ago the Presbywill ask that we may become one with terian Foreign Board opened a His lofty and great character and new station in North China at with His warm and deep feeling." Shuntefu. Today in the city proper and in the five out-stations there are Malaysia Message six churches and chapels, with about 1200 members and adherents. The Pagan PaniC country evangelistic work the past year has covered four counties and. A N ARTICLE written by a Chinese reached 80,000 souls with street preaching and lantern lectures. Eight . student now in America recently classes for men and sixteen for woappeared in the China Times and was men have been held for intensive intranslated for the Chinese Recorder. struction. Connected with Shuntefu The following is an 'extract from the Station there are eight day schools article: and two boarding schools, one for boys and one for girls. The boys of "The influence of Christianity is in- the boarding school conduct a night creasingly felt in China. Those who school for those who would otherwise embrace the old superstitions, with have no instruction. the exception of monks, priests and nuns, can renounce their religion In addition to treatment of inand regain their freedom at any time. patients in the Hugh O'Neill Memorial But those who accept the new super- hospital for men and the Grace Talstition must submit to a rite of initia- cott Hospital for women, more than tion. After having received baptism one becomes a Christian. Just as the Buddhist monks eternally are monks after having been burned on the head,

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seven thousand out-patients were ages from temple to temple, believtreated during the year. The Nurses' ing that in this way she would merit Training School is giving instruction the best of blessing in the life to come. to a number of young women who Every day she tramped many miles will be able to render Christian serv- and at night took the worst accommoice among the thousands who need dations she could find, helped each their ministry. Daily preaching and beggar she saw and took every opteaohing for ward patients is con- portunity of striking the temple bell, ducted by the hospital evangelists. but as the years went on, this and turn- ing the prayer-wheel became too much Christian Literature Society for her waning strength. Recently she tried even more dangerous places THE Christian Literature Society of ascent, feeling that the merit for China is now in its thirty- heaped up in her seventy years was fourth year. The thirty-third annual very near. In one of the temples the meeting of the Society was held Nov- stairs that led to the top were rickety, ember 26, in Shanghai: at which steep and dirty and she must have Bishop Lambuth and Mr. David Yui, trodden on a rotten piece of board. General Secretary of the Y. M. C. A. At any rate, she fell from the top to were among the speakers. The forma- bottom, and knew nothing until she tion of the Christian Publishers' As- found them treating her head in the sociation, which includes representa- hospital. Her way into the "Day of tives from the C. L. S. and seventeen Joy and Light" was long and weary, other publishing organizations, regis- but at last she found it and was ters progress in practical cooperation baptized. in the matter of production and distribution of Christian literature. Six For one short year the old lady thousand missionaries are at work in went about seeking by every means over six hundred stations in China, to lead others into the truth. She and alI are in need of helpful litera- had not much left to give and often ture. Whereas China's reading pub- said: "Over fifty years to Buddha, and lic of the past generation cared not only one short year to Christ!" how old a book might be it never grew out of date, with young China,' After her death it was found sh~ only a constant stream of fresh litera- had left the residue from her temple ture has an appeal. In order to mea- spendings to the hospital where she sure up to the spirit of the times the had found healing and light. Society in its forward look proposes among other aims: Cheerful Giving To enconrage indigenous production of ABOUT two years ago the China literature as an ideal to be kept in mind. Inland Mission Chapel. at Taih- sing collapsed, and those who were To appoint more Chinese on its direc- present at the time had a marvelous torate. escape from death. The building fund on hand was not sufficient to replace To take a more active part in the China the chapel, and the workers have been for Christ Movement. waiting and praying. Last year, Mrs. Wang, one of the oldest members of To urge non-contributing Boards for South Gate Mission and a widow, grants of men and money and above all asked the privilege of saying a few words after the service. Walking up To emphasize insistently the funda- to the platform she laid four bundles mental truths of the Gospel in all it~ of copper cash on the table and told literature. how she had sold her little property for 65,000 cash. Then one night the A Wasted Life Redeemed house in which she was staying fell in, and although several tiles fell on THE story is told of an aged Bud- dha worshipper who was brought to a mission hospital in Hangchow, suffering from a serious wound in the head. This woman had given the best years of her life to incessant pilgrim-

her she was quite uninjured. In her churches, eleven groups and eighteen wonder she suddenly remembered how meeting places with a total of about the Taihsing Chapel had collapsed 500 Christians. China is looking on and how God had protected the peo- with great interest in this growing ple from injury, and at once resolved work of a nation materially and nato give a tenth of her sale price to tionally weak. the work of rebuilding the Chapel. This gift has been the means of stim- JAPAN-CHOSEN ulating others to contribute, and the work is now assured. Christian Healing in Pyengyang Work for Women in Wenchow A SERIES of evangelistic meetings was held in Pyengyang, Korea, WENCHOW, the southern pre- throughout last November. Rev. C. fecture in Chekiang Province, F. Bernheisel writes of the very rehas a peculiarly difficult dialect, not markable results from the work of the visiting evangelist, Rev. Kim Ik-tu. understood in any other part of China. Prayer meetings lasting an hour were held every morning at six o'clock, at- One result is seen in the very large tended by fully two thousand people, and the interest in all the meetings percentage of illiteracy among the was sustained throughout the entire series. Mr. Bernheisel says that alwomen, and it was with a view to though he has been a resident of this storm center of Christianity for twenhelping them that Bible Schools for ty years he has never witnessed such scenes before. Mr. Kim is a gradu- . women were started some years ago. ate of the theological seminary at Pyengyang and has been for some The aim is to have a Bible School in years pastor at Sinchun.

each of the twelve districts mapped A few years ago his mother was ill and being a firm believer in the out, but this aim is not yet realized. power of prayer he made special in- tercession for her and she was sud- These Schools, which are of ten days' denly healed. It confirmed his faith in the power and willingness of God duration, are held in the country to hear prayer for the sick and he began to pray for other afflicted ones chapels to enable the women of the and time and time again they were healed in a way that was nothing surrounding villages to come. At one short of miraculous. Requests began to come in for him to go to other place, out of a total of sixty, more places and hold meetings, and wher- ever he went there were reported healthan twenty were church members, ings. His fame grew and he has spent the most of his time the last two six or seven were inquirers, twenty years in holding evangelistic serv- ices in various parts of the country. were interested in learning more of During the meetings at Pyengyang the sick and afflicted came long before the Bible while a few came out of morning in order to get front posi- tions near the pulpit. After the hour mere curiosity. Near the close of of prayer Pastor Kim called for those suffering from certain diseases to each course, an anti-foot binding show their hands. He then offered prayer, next he called for' the hands meeting is held. . of those afflicted with certain other Six of these Schools were held during the last half year, with a total attendance of 229, in addition to which there have been four weekly Bible classes for city women.

Korean Mission Assigned Territory T HREE Korean pastors in charge of a mission to Chinese in Shantung are supported entirely by Kor- ~an churches. The missionary bodies of Shantung assigned a territory 80 by 250 Ii to the Korean missionaries as their exclusive field, and have transferred all property and equip- ~ent to them, with the hearty approval of the Chinese. The population of the territory allotted is about 1.40,000 and has five organized

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

diseases, again offering prayer, and What a Westerner Stands For so on through the list of diseases. REV. C. P. HOLMES, Canadian He does not attempt laying on of Methodist missionary at Fukui. hands, but prays for the sufferers col- tells of an interesting experience when lectively. After several days had thus mile!! out of the city. A long line of passed he called for testimonies from public school children were out for those who· had been healed. Mr. a walk under the direction of their Bernheisel records a few of the best teachers. As they passed, the chil- attested and outstanding cases. dren called out various remarks, some One man who. had had no use of complimentary and others far from his left arm and was for some months such, but in the middle of the line unable to tie his belt exhibited before some twenty or more began to sing the audience his perfect use of the "Jesus Loves Me, This I Know."

arm and his ability to tie his belt. They had been in Sunday-school A thirteen-year-old child, deaf from somewhere and the missionary re- birth, during the time prayer was be- minded them of it. Another day a ing offered for him, felt as it were small boy in the'street of Fukui said .the air going into his ears and is now to him, "Jesus, lend me your tennis able to hear. He was brought to the net." To many of these children, platform and proved his ability to the Westerner is a synonym for Jesus hear. Christ.

One girl of thirteen, bedfast for two years. is now able to walk and proved ISLANDS it by walking across the platform in HIstoric Herrnbut the presence of the congregation. ST. THOMAS is one of the islands This girl is personally known to Pas- of the Virgin group, now owned tor: Kim Sun-du of the West Gate by the United States. Sixty years Church .who vouched for the truth before Carey, and what is usually of this case. called the birth of modern missions, the Moravian Church, under the lead- One man deaf for 27 years and un- ership of Count Zinzendorf, sent out able to walk now both hears and two of their number to minister to walks. the wretched and ill-treated slaves on this island, and in 1737 purchased a Not all who came were cured and "farm of sixty-nine acres, now known possibly some thought they were cured when they were not, but many as New Hermhut. The quaint old genuine cures were effected. Pastor church, built in the same year, stands Kim disclaims any power within him- to this day, and in it the pastor, a self to heal, and humbly gives all the black man, holds services every week. praise to God.

The membership numbers about 150.

Picturing the Light of the Gospel DR. SAMUEL D. PRICE, who at- Large Plans for Malaysia tended the World Sunday School Convention, says that the Japanese I N BORNEO there is still headare exceedingly fond of the "movies," hunting and one finds there the but most of the films shown in cherry lowest levels of savagery known in blossom land are of the "blood and the earth. Almost one hundred per thunder" type. During the Conven- cent of the millions of Java are iltion week a Biblical picture, "The literate. Their women are inexpres- Good Samaritan," owned by Bishop sibly debased. A circle around Sing- Welch of Seoul, was shown with verv apore with a radius of 1,200 miles marked effect. Bishop Welch is stii! would take in a population of over using this picture in Japan, with tell- 50,000,000, yet in that area there is ing results in his work. not one school of college grade. The Methodist Centenary provides for such a college. The Dutch Govern-

ment has promised three dollars out 2,194 Associations with a member- of every four needed to build a ship of over 868,800. chain of Christian hospitals in Java, Sumatra and West Borneo. Ten of 841 buildings owned by Associathese hospitals are provided for in tions, valued with other property at the Centenary promises, and one of over $128,000,000. them has been built. 85,106 laymen, serving as Y. M. GENERAL C. A. Committeemen.

Vatican and Y. M. C. A. 5,173 secretaries, employed to carry out the Association program of serv- THE Vatican decree against the ice.

. Young Men's Christian Associa- A Jew's Testimony tion asking the bishops of the Catholic Church to "watch an organization I T IS reported that the president of which, professing absolute freedom the Boston Chamber of Commerce of thought in religious matters, in- who is a Jew recently made the folstils indifferentism and apostasy to lowing statement: the (Roman) Catholic religion in the minds of its adherents," has called "You may be astonished to hear forth strong denial that the Associa- me, a Jew, say this, but in my opinion tion seeks to apostasize any man from we stand before two alternativeshis religious belief. It has' been either anarchy or Jesus Christ." douDted in some Catholic quarters that the Pope specifically mentioned To Regulate Marriage and Divorce the Y. M. C. A., but cable dispatches confirm the fact. This decree shows AN ORGANIZATION has been that the Pope is not reckoning with formed in the Protestant Episcothe spirit of true Christianity, and will pal Church entitled "The Society for react against the Vatican and its hold Upholding the Sanctity of Marriage," on the obedience of liberally-minded with Rev. Milo H. Gates, D.D., as Catholic laymen in America. President. The principles of the Society are: Evidence is not lacking that when the Y. M. C. A. was under criticism 1. Complete loyalty to the teaching of at the close of the war members of. our Lord, as witnessed by Holy Scripture the Knights of Columbus, acting un- and the universal voice. of the Primitive der clerical authority, had under- Churcb, testifying to the indissoluble chartaken a systematic campaign to dis- acter of the marriage bond, "till death." credit the efficiency of the Y. M. C. A. in its war work. The recently report- 2. Allowance of legal separation for ed order from the Pope is an exten- sufficient and weighty cause, but with sion of the same spirit of intolerance. no right of remarriage for either inno- cent or guilty party. Facts about the "Y" 3. Allowance for annulment for cause ALTHOUGH Young Men's Chris- preceding marriage, as in the case of tian Association work has been sexual impotence, imbecility, fraud, etc. established in more than two thousand communities in the United States and 4. The duty of studying these princi- Canada, fourteen hundred towns of ples, and making them and their reasons 5000 or more have not yet had the known in private and in pUblic. and by service of the "Y," while thousands the use of the press so far as opportuuity of smaller places need its program. admits. Since the first Y. M. C. A. was organized in 1851 in Boston there has A campaign of education is sugbeen a steady advance until there are gested along the following lines: today in North America. I. Letters, addresses, sermons, and ar- ticles in Church and secular papers.

II. The printing for free distribution of brief papers on such subjects as the fol- lowing: 1. "The Mind of Christ" concerning Marriage, and His supposed exception.

2. History of Marriage in the Church. East and West.

3. The Cruelty of Divorce Legislation versus the "Cruelty" of no Re-marriage.

4. The Statistics of Divorce in America as compared with Other Lands.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

5. The Effect of Divorce in the Roman Spain, Czecho-Slovakia, and the Phil- Empire and in Modern Pagan Nations. ippines report fifty-one evangelists, all of whom are supported by the Board, 6. Marriage from the Standpoint of except in Czecho-Slovakia, where Am- Sociology and Physiology. erican support is only partial. Sum- ming up the replies received to date, 7. The Influence of Woman in Society. of the 634 workers reported 268 are supported by the Board. These fig- Divorce data just compiled for ures indicate the progress made in 1916 tell a tragic tale. Forty Amer- developing initiative and responsibility ican counties, scattered through six- in the native church. teen states, show a divorce rate of over 300 per 100,000 population. Missionary Herald. Six counties had more divorces than marriages. In New Hampshire, Smne Bible Statistics where one might expect to find con- servatism, the rate was more than UP TO the end of 1919, the Word double that of Japan for the same of God has been printed in 713 year. languages and dialects, counting com- Missionary Qnestionnaire plete single books of the Bible. The Whole Bible has been printed in 159 I N ORDER to find how far the languages, the New Testament in 138 graduates of mission schools were more. The three largest producers being used in evangelistic work, a and distributors are the British and questionnaire was sent some months Foreign Bible society, the National ago to each of the 114 stations of the Bible Society of Scotland and the American Board. The following American Bible Society. The year among others were asked: "How 1919 was a lean year, but its figures many native evangelists are you us- are tabulated below: ing? How many are supported out of appropriations from the Board? A. B. S…….. . Bibles Issues How many through special grants B. F. B. S…. . from friends in America or other N. B. S. S…… . 354,387 . Total Christian countries?" 692,594 3,752,309 34,515 The Zulu Branch of the South Af- 8,746,963 rica Mission reports twenty-one evan- 2,154,192 gelistic workers, with only one supported by the Board. The majority 1,081,496 14,653,464 are supported by the native churches themselves. The Rhodesia Branch re- While no complete figures are obports at least ten in evangelistic work, tainable it is rro exaggeration to say only one supported out of the Board's that since the art of printing became treasury. West Africa has about 150 general, no fewer than 600,000,000 evangelistic workers, the bulk of them copies of the Bible, in whole or in being supported oy the native part, have been printed and circulated. churches; only twenty by regular appropriations of the Board. The Mar- Jewish Population of the World athi Mission of India, which makes a fairly full report, records ninety-three THE American Israelite has pubevangelistic workers, thirty-six of lished a calculation of the number whom are supported by the Board. of Jews in the world. The details are Ceylon has twenty-six, eight of whom as follows: are supported by the Board. North China, with two stations unreported, Poland, 3,300,000. names 131 evangelists, of whom thir- Ukraine, 3,300,000. ty-six are supported by the Board. U. S. A., 3,100,000. Seven out of twelve stations in Japan Russia, 900,000. report thirty, of whom eighteen are Roumania, 650,000. supported by the Board. Mexico, Germany, 540,000. Hung-ary, 450.000. Czecho-Slovakia, 450,000. British Isles, 300,000. Austria, 300,000. Lithuania, 250,000.

Jugo- Slavia, 200,000. At the Eddy Meetings Africa (excluding Morocco, Tunis aud AT ONE of the after meetings in Algeria) , 170,000. Egypt, Dr. Eddy with vigorous di- rectness illustrated men's failure to France, 150,000. accept God's free gift of salvation. Algeria and Tunis, 150,000. Holding up his closed fist he said: "I Arabia, 130,000. have one pound (five dollars) in my hand. I am going to give it to any Greece, 120,000. one who will come up front and get Holland, 110,000. it. How many believe I have a pound. in my hand?" Canada, 100,000. Turkey, 100,000. Two or three young men got to Palestine 100,000. their feet. To one, a boy of about sixteen, he said, "Do you believe I Australia, 20,000. have a pound in my hand?" Other European countries, 200,000. Other AsiatIc countries, 100,000. "Yes." "Do you believe I will give it to Other American countries 30,000. you?" In all, nearly fifteen and a half millioI}s. "Yes." "All right, come up and get it." Bnddhists Acknowledge the Bible's Worth A round of applause followed as the boy took the money. MISSIONARIES have more than "Now," said Dr. Eddy, to the once discovered Scripture truths others, "why didn't you get that freely quoted in Buddhist sermons, money? There are three reasons: Some of you didn't believe I had any but without quotation marks, making money in my hand. Some of you be- lieved, but you were ashamed to come the words of Paul stand out with new forward to get it. Others were just meaning. "In every way, whether in ready to come but you hesitated. For the same reasons you do not receive pretence or in truth, Christ is pro- the salvation that Christ offers.

claimed." A few years ago a mis- United Presbyterian sionary who visited a Buddhist temple OBITUARY was presented by the caretaker with William Baker of Ireland a book containing selections he had compiled from the sacred books of MR. WILLIAM BAKER, honor- ~ry director of the Bamado Buddha. The volume was found to Homes, died November 17, in his sevcontain the whole of the Sermon on enty-second year. As member of the Homes' Council and Finance Comthe Mount, but with no credit given mittee, Mr. Baker served the Institu- tion for eighteen years until the death as to its source. of the founder in 1905, when he be- caQ1e Dr. Barnardo's successor, and Life and Light consolidated the work begun by him. At the time of Dr. Bamardo's death Baptist vs. Roman Catholics 60,000 children had been supported and educated for a fair start in life. DR. E. Y. MULLINS thus describes Today the records show a total of the distinction between Baptists 90,000.

and Roman Catholics:. Democracy versus autocracy; indiv- idual versus a closed ecclesiastical systern; regeneration by the Holy Spirit versus regeneration by baptism; the direct relation of the soul to God versus the indirect; believer's baptism versus infant baptism; the priesthood of all believers versus a priesthood who are custodians of divine grace; the New Testament versus tradition and an infallible pope; personal faith versus proxy faith. In a word, Christ and His free salvation on the one side and the Church and its sacramental salvation on the other. There is no middle ground. Baptists are right or Catholics are right.

Watchman E%aminer

MISSIONARY

The Christian Movement in Japan-in- work for Koreans in Shantung, cluding Korea and Formosa. 8vo. China, is also in charge of Korean 377 pp. $2.75. Conference of Fed- missionaries. erated Missions, Japan, and 25 Mad- ison Avenue, New York. The statistics (in the pocket) are not separated as they should be to The eighteenth annual issue of this show Korean as distinct from J apan- ese work. They show 1096 foreign volume is filled with the usual valu- missionaries in Japan and Korea, and 4D in Formosa. Roman Catholics reable information on the Japanese Em- pire and missions there. The gen- eral review of the year is by Rev. H.

W. Meyers and is tersely and force- ported 452 missionaries in 1916. It fully given. The important position' is instructive to note that of the 3768 of Japan, the outbreak in Korea, the Japanese employed by the missions, position of Japan in Siberia, the re- less than one-half are professing lation of Japan to America, the dem- Christians. ocratic mpvement, sabotage, reform movements and the growth of the Of organized churches there are in Church are especially treated. Then follow the usual sections dealing with Japan and Kore!, 1173, of which 327 various types of evangelism, with ed- are wholly self-supporting. In For- mosa, there are 51 churches and 7286 full communicant members. The to- ucation, literature, young people's tal Protestant Christian constituency in the Japanese Empire is reported as work and social service. Some of 104,134, or one-seventh of one per cent of the population. Roman and these chapters are especially interest- Greek Catholics number a little more than the Protestants. ing and valuable, as for example, The Reminiscences of Daniel Bliss. those on Village Work, by Mrs. G. Edited and supplemented by his P.Pierson and W. M. Vories; Jap- eldest son. 111us. 259 pp. New York: Fleming H. Revell Comanese Immigrants and the Gospel, by pany. $2.25. 1920.

Miss Topping; and Saving Girls, by The founder and long time presivarious writers. . onIy ' F onnosa is represented III SIX pages by reports from the North and these are not adequate, especially in view of the fact that it is the fiftieth dent of the Syrian Protestant Col- anniversary of the founding of the lege in Beirut is here portrayed Canadian Mission. The hospital has most commendably. Dr. Bliss was been dosed because of the absence of born in Georgia, Vermont, in 1823 the doctors. Information is very and died in his Beirut home in fragmentary. 1916. The nearly ninety-three Korea is presented in 150 pages, years that intervened are recounted dealing with evangelistic, educational, very largely in the words of Dr.

medical, social and literature work. Bliss himself, with lesser additions Koreans are doing effective foreign by his wife and eldest son. He mission work among the one million states that while he was called Koreans in Manchuria and Siberia, President of the Syrian Protestant where they, allready have thirty College and professor of the Bible self-supporting Christian churches. and Ethics, he might more truth- "Wherever a Christian goes," says fully be styled "the Professor of Dr. George McCune, "he is the nu- Story Telling,"-a characterization deus of a church. He sets up a fam- which the reviewer happily remem- ily altar, and soon his home becomes bers to be warranted from the ex- the church of the community." The perience of a long railway journey . 251

made memorable by the doctor's nent men of his time in Britain and unique experiences narrated most America, from President Lincoln, fascinatingly. the Archbishop of Canterbury, lit- erary men and titled nobility, to His early years reveal a sturdy American philanthropists and per- hoy and youth, enduring hardness sons of influence in church and like a good soldier, upright and an state. This maker of Syria and advocate of the best things, and, Christian prophet, who lived in the despite the limitations of irksome Moslem world, is made to live be- tasks and of the later tanner's fore us, just as Dr. Bliss's statue trade, leading on to schools and in marble was evolved by a noted Amherst College and Andover I talian sculptor and was used as Seminary life. Working his way a text of all character and soul did not so engross his energies growth by the recipient before an that he failed to obtain an educa- audience in the College which he tion, though he entered the higher had made. How many men of institutions later than most stu- ninety-three have looked back upon dents and had too little time for so fruitful a life as Daniel Bliss of play and the lighter side of life. Syria?

At the close of 1855 he and Mrs. Letters of Javanese Princess. By Bliss left America on a 300-ton Raden Adjeng Kartini. Translated sailing ship for their new home and from the Dutch by Agnes L. Sym- life work in Syria, arriving in mers. 8vo. 310 p. $4.00 net. Al- Beirut in the following Feb- fred A Knopf. New York. 1920. n~ary. The first six years were given to ·.language study and Princess Kartini, the young daughthe earlier planning on the beautiful western slopes of Mt. Leb- ter of a Javanesee Regent, who was anon, where in academy teaching he began to evolve the later shut up in the high-walled palace, ·but college. Then came four strenuous longed for the freedom and light and years spent at home and in Great work of modern civilization, finally Britain in establishing the College managed to break the bonds of anand gathering funds for its de- cient custom, to lift the veil of secluvelopment. For thirty-six years he sion, and to step forth into a life of was active president of the institu- service. In spite of parental opposition where he saw its students in- tion and Moslem prejudice, she crease from sixteen to more than opened a school for the daughters of six hundred. Then for fourteen Regents, chose her own husband years he was president emeritus, (contrary to ancient custom), and with his son Howard nobly follow- lived happily until her death cut short ing the traditions of his aged her career. father. Princess Kartini's letters are really There is little in this volume charming productions that reveal the that is technically valuable to the soul and mind of a Javanese woman. educator, but there is much that They also show the early training, one would wish to find in the the home life and customs that are story of a life and a College whose hidden from foreign view. Missionmain objectives were the develop- aries to Java will find here a book ment of Christian character out of worth reading, and others will find the varied racial constituency of it interesting in its revelations. the Levant. There is also much of deep interest concerning lovely Finding the Way Out. An autobiogra- Lebanon, the awful atrocities of llhy. By Robert R. Moton. 8vo. the 1860 massacres, Dr. Bliss's 296 pp. $2.50. Doubleday, Page & Co. New York. 1920. multitudinous contacts with promi- The successor of Booker T. Wash- ington as Principal of Tuskegee In- (Continued on page 253)

MISSIONARY LIBRARY 2.53

(Continued from page 252) Filling the Gap stitute is evidently a man of character caused by the passing on of Dr. J. and ability. His life story is as full of interest as that of his predecessor. Wilbur Chapman and Mr. Charles Major Moton's father was a slave, M. Alexander is the task of the and the son, Robert, was born in 1867 Pocket Testament League. ::::.: . "" on a Virginia plantation. He learned much as house boy, and from his white The work of Dr. Chapman and friend, the son of his father's em- Mr. Alexander in connection with ployer. Robert's early education was the League must not be allowed to in the Bible; he went out to work in languish-the League must attain a lumber camp at thirteen years of even a wider and more potent in- age and attended a district school at fluence in the world. intervals. At eighteen, when he was leader of his church choir, superin- YOU CAN HAVE A PART in tendent of the Sunday-school and this great work-can help to put ready to be a deacon, he. went to the Word of God into the lives as Hampton Institute, where he later well as the pockets of j:eople be~ame disciplinary officer. throughout the world. Contribute to the Chapman-Alexander Memo- The Church and Industrial Reconstruc- rial Fuud or help actively by dis- tion. Edited by the Committee on tributing Testaments yourself. the War and the Religious Out- look, Wm. Adams Brown, Chair- Write for information today man. 8vo. 296 pp. $2.00. Associa- tion Press, New York. 1920 The Pocket Testament League Naturally, the world war has Incorporated brought world unrest in the industrial as well as in the social and political 156 Fifth Avenue world. This Report is a careful study NEW YORK of the situation in the industrial world. After a preliminary statement con- Montgomery Ward &Co. cerning the Christian interest in and approach to industrial problems, the MISSIONARY BUREAU Report take up the Christian ideal for society; unchristian aspects in the Chicago, U.S.A. present order; the Christian attitude toward the whole system; the Christ- has made a specialty or service to Mission- ian method of social betterment; steps aries in foreign lands for over 25 years. to be taken toward a more Christian Our Missionary Bureau will gladly fnmish industrial order; what individuals can information, and assist you in assembling, . do, and what the Church can do. The packing, and shipping your overseas eCjuip- appendices deal with history and bib- ment. You save money by taking advant- liography on the subject. age of our low carload freight rates. Before planning your OVerseaS outfitting write Major Moton is a strong character, for our MISSIONARY CIRCULAR and and understands both the Negro and large CATALOGUE of genera1merchan- the white man. His work at Tuske- dise sent free with gee has proved to be of high order. While this volume is not as distinct PRICES GREATLY REDUCED a contribution to the understanding of the Negro problem as is Booker Prices are reduced on nearlY all lines. On Washington's "Up From Slavery," many items our 1921 prices are more than it is an interesting study in Negro one-third below 1920 catalogue prices. Our development, and reveals the possi- catalogue will give you the lowest prices bilities of a high type of pure blooded obtainable on high quality merchandise. African. We guarantee safe delivery of our merchandise .

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE }VOR~D in wrltln, to advertisers NEW BOOKS The Future The Gospel of W orId Brotherhood Ac- cording to Jesus. By John Clifford. Holds- 159 pp. $0.75. Geo. H. Doran Co., :~~~n;-~~i New York. 1920. The following rare among the many worthwhile articles which will appear in The Call to Unity By William T. Mancoming issues of ning. 12mo. 162 pp. $2.00. The Mac- miIlan Company, New York. 1920.

The Missionary Situation After the War. By ]. H. Oldham.. 62 pp. $0.30. Com- mittee . of Reference and Counsel, 25 Madison Ave., New York. 1920.

Tutors Unto Christ. Introduction to the Study of Religions. By Alfred E. Gar- vie. 250 pp. 4 s. 6 d. Milford, Lon- don. 1920.

THE MISSIONARY Primitive Society. By Robert H. Lowie. 463 pp. $3.00. Boni & Wright, New ~~WORLD York. 1920.

Adventures in Chinese Turkestan Everybody's World. By Sherwood By G. W. Hunter Eddy. 8vo. 273 pp. $1.60. George H. Doran. N ew York. 1920. Examples of Japanese Christians By George Gleason Quiet Talks About Life After Death. By S. D. Gordon. 12mo. 197 pp. $1.25. Evangelism in Hospitals in India Fleming H. Revell, N ew York 1920. By W. J. Wanless A Castaway in Kavirondo. 132 pp. 2 s. Church Missionary Society. London. 1920.

The Mexicans in the United States The Book of a Chinese Baby. By Mary By Rodney W. Roundy Entwistle 59 pp. I s. 6 d. United Council for. Missionary Education, The Unfinished Task in America Edinburgh. 1920. By Various Authors Yarns of the Near East. By Basil Missions and World Betterment Mathews. 80 pp. 1 s. United Coun- By Various Authors cil for Missionary Education, Edin- burgh. 1920. An African Pioneer By Jean McKenzie Pearl's Secret. By Mrs. Jioward Taylor. 85 pp. 2 s. 6 d. Morgan & Scott, These and other articles will help you in London. 1920.

preparing missionary programs and ad- The New Jerusalem. By Gilbert K. . Chesterton. 307 pp. $3.00. George H. dresses and mission study classes Doran. New York. 1921. W'lI Y I·OU introduce the REV lEW to others? Ten them of the good Gotama Buddha. By Kenneth Saunders. 113 pp. $1.50. Association P,ress, New things to come York. 1920.

Sample copy sent on request Star in the East. By E. N. Harris. 223 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell, Missionary Review of tbe World New York. 1920.

156 Fifth Avenue The Near Side of the Mexican Ques- tion. By Jay S. Stoweil. 123 pp. $1.50. New York City George H. Doran. New York. 1920.

Frontier Folk By L. A. Starr. 96 pp. 4 s. 6 d. Church Missionary Society, London. 1920. PJcue mention TUB MISSIONA:RY REV1~W 0" TUB WOJU.D in writlnlr to advertisers

AND BUSINESS

CHAT –WANTED— ( Continued from page 171) A WOMAN MISSIONARY Home Missions received a report of their physician to take charge of a Woman's special committee cooperating with the Hospital in Central India. This hospital is "Review," and on recommendation of the doing the only medical and surgical work for Business Committee passed resolutions re- women of that District. appointing members to act on the Editorial Council as usual, and also appointing a A Missionary Teacher for a Girls' Boardspecial committee to cooperate in plans ing School in Shanghai, China. One who for strengthening the "Review" and ex- has had a few years of teaching experience tending its influence. The members of this preferred. Subjects-Bible and English. special committee from the Home Missions Council are Dr. Charles L. White, Execu- A Missionary Teacher for a Girls' Boardtive Secretary of the American Baptist ing School in Yokohama, Japan. Snbjects- Home Mission Society, Dr. John A. Mar- Bible and English for Grammar and High quis, Secretary of the Presbyterian Board School grades. Three Americans and twelve of Home Missions, Dr. Henry Beets, Christian Japanese are on the Facu1ty and Secretary of the Board of Foreign Mis- 200 students are enrolled. Of last year's sions of the Christian Reformed Church entering class of sixty, only eight are from and Mr. W. T. Demarest, Secretary of the Christian homes. Board of Domestic Missions of the Reformed Church in America. From the Correspondence regarding these positions Council of Women for Home Missions should be addressed to Mrs. F. H. Marston, were appointed Mrs. Philip M. Rossman, Candidate Secretary. Mrs. Orrin R. Judd, Miss Florence E. Quinlan and Mrs. May Leonard Woodruff. Woman's Union Missionary Society These committees have met jointly and 67 Bible House prepared a letter which has been sent to the NEW YORK CITY Boards with recommendations which it is hoped will receive favorable consideration. These recommendations, if adopted, will materially help to strengthen the financial position of the "Review," and will greatly extend its influence.

ANNUAl, MEETING oJ! THE REVIEW The Annual Meeting of the Missionary YOU CAN STAY AT HOME Review Publishing Company was held on and February 10th at 156 Fifth Avenue, New PREACH THE GOSPEL TO MOHAMMEDANS York The meeting was well attended by through stockholders, representing 269 votes, and The American Christian Literature by friends of the "Review.' The Treas- Society for Moslems urer's report showed the largest income (Incorporated In 1915 in our history-$32,21O.24-and expenses This Society is Interdenominational. Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on amounting to $42,617.85, The increase in the Fields. expense is due to large increase in manu- The Literature is Adapted to Moslems. The Messages are Thoroughly Evangelica1. facturing costs. . The Tracts are Printed Attractively. They go where no Missionaries are allowed. The Secretary's report called attention They can he read in secret and repeatedly. to the growth in the influence of the "Review," and the large amount of valuable Many Moslems have been converted through tracts. material published during the year. The Home and Foreign Mission Boards are Will you helpgive MoslemstheGospel1 considering plans for more actively co- WI1te tor Informa.tlon as to membership. neeCls••amoperating to promote the circqlation, and ple tracts. meetIngs of au:dllarles, etc., to to help meet the financial needs of the "Review!'

An address was delivered by the Presi- MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secrelary dent, Robert E. Speer, on "Present Day Movements toward Interdenominational Union and Cooperation."

Members of the Board of Directors elect- Box 888, New York City ed for the ensuing year are: Robert E. Speer, President; Frank L. OTimB orPla-R8 OJ' THII SOCIIIfT Brown, Vice-Presidenf; Walter McDougall, Treasurer; Delavan L. Pierson, Secre- Rev. Samuel M. Zwemer. D.D., of Cairo. Prel'ltdent. Dr. Robert E. 8oeer. of New York. Vlce–Prel!lldent. tary; Mrs. Henry W. Peabody (Baptist); Delavan L. Pierson, of New York, VI~PreatdeDt. Dr• .lamell L. Barton. Mrs. WIn. BB.ormdenn…. Mrs. E. C. Cronk (Lutheran); Prof. Har- Dr. Frlmk Muon North. Mr.. Wm. lan P. Beach (Cong'I); Frederick I. Col- Mr. Fennell P. TUrner. M!SB Anna A. Milligan ver (Boy Scouts); Wm. I. Chamberlain Wm. I. ChamberlaIn Mr•• Finley .l. Shepard. Dr. Charle8 R. Watson. Mn. D. L. Pfel8On. (Reformed); Fleming H. Revell (Publisher): Didcinson W. Richards (Lawy:er). BlIND GIrTS TO 14m. E. E. OI.oU, 1:1:1 W. 76$b St., N… York, Treu.

1'10* llIention TBlI MISSIONAIIY Rl!VII!:W of ~"R WORI.» in writing to a<tvertisers MISSIONARY PERSONALS HYMNS Rev. A. L. WARNSHUIS, D. D., National Evangelistic Secretary for China, sailed for for Shanghai on February 10. He has been named as associate secretary, with TODAY Rev. J. H. Oldham, of the newly organized International Missionary Committee. Dr. For Sunday school and church. Warnshuis plans later to return to London, . New hymns that voice the spirit of the headquarters of the new organizatoday, as well as the standard hymns tion. for all time. Sample sent for examination. * '" '"

Fillmore Music DR. JOHN R. Mo'l"t is at Asheville, N. C., resting after the incessant demands upon House '" '" . his strength in connection with various 527 Elm Street fields of Christian effort. Cincinnati, Ohio. R't. R£v. WILLIAM H. OveRS, Protestant $100.00 For Episcopal Bishop of Liberia, sailed for Your Church Africa by way of England on January 15, after spending several months in America in making known religious conditi<;ms of his field.

'" '" '"

REv. JASPER T. MOSES, of the Religious Press Department of the Federal Council of Churches, has gone to Mexico City to become manager of the Union Evangelical Press. He will also serve temporarily as secretary of the Committee on Coopera- tion in Mexico.

'" * * REv. WILLIAM FE'tL£R, General Director of the Russian Missionary Society, and his band of 26 workers are now on their way to Russia to work for the evangeliza- tion of that unhappy people.

'" '" '"

SIR HARRY S'tILEMAN, Rear-Admiral in the British Navy, has been appointed as the new Director of the Barnardo Homes to succeed the late William Baker. The Stileman family has long been identified with religious activities, and one of his brothers was the first Bishop of Persia.

Today's Housewife has helped * '" * churches allover the country to raise funds in a refined, dig- DR. GEORGE H. BICKLEY has been elected nified manner. Far superior a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal to the usual, threadbare, tiring supper, sociable or bazaar. Church and assigned to the Malaysia field. Not a cent of expense or risk. Write today for details, Church '" .. * R£v. A. E. THOMPSON, for eleven years Aid Department. Superintendent of the Christian and Mis- sionary Alliance work in Palestine, sailed in November for his post in Jerusalem. Mr. Thompson was forced to leave Pales- tine when Turkey entered the war.

* .. …

Rev. HENRY H. RIGGS who had gone to Harput to assist in the work of feeding the Armenians has been ordered out by Mus- tafa Kemal, no reason being given for the Today's Housewife order. … '" '"

A son of DR. ALEXANDER WHY'tll, the 100 Main St. , famons Scotch preacher who died in Edin- btjrgh in Januar)', is the first President of Cooperstown, New York the Popular House in the new Parliament of India, which is soon to give ameasnre of home rule in that country.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers

Sacrament oltbe Lord's

gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressive- ness through the consciousness of its being served in -. cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the ': dangers that are associated with ,public drinking-cups.

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NOTE-In many States the law now forbids Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use or the aim!;l]. cup at the communion service. It should not be necessary to await 600 57th Street th18 In your 0 y. The old style is unclf'an and u Many thoroughly Rochester, N. Y. good Christians ned from partaking of communion fa very reason. If you have not yet adopted the modern, sanitary corm:nunion CUD. let this be one ot your first forward steps 10 1921.

Please mention THlC MISSIONARY RE;VIEW olt 'tH'It WO:RI.D in writing to advertisers He now lives only in the hearts of those 'who knew him. For his example, his service to his fellow men and the Church, you wish to perpetuate the memory of this man, and pass on the kindly influence of this sturdy Christian character to coming generations.

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The Missionary Review of the World — April 1920

VOL.UME XLII I NUMBER

APRIL 1920 A N.EW INDIA HERBERT ANDERSON RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN SOVIET RUSSIA JEROME DA"IS THE LIFE AND WORK OF A. B. SIMPSON W. M. TURNBULL CHRISTIAN OPPORTUNITY IN MOSLEM LANDS SAMUEL M. ZWEMER THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI JAMES W. BURTON A CHINESE CHRISTIAN GENERAL JONATHAN GOFORTH 2.50 A YEAR 25 CENTS A COpy MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY COOPERSTOWN, NEW YORK 156 FIFTH AVE., NEW'YORK

Your

This Eastertide E NJOY the pungent fragrance of Vantine's Temple Incense while nature, aglow with the. blush of spring, welcomes with "perfumed breath of wakening life" this season of hope and gladness. There are few things so characteristic of the fascination :::nd mystery of the beauty-loving lands beyond the Pacifi.c, or. th~t s,~th?!oug~ly satisfy the a:sthetic taste and Imagmatto~a.s·..vantme's· Temple Incense. The dreamy, soothing fragrance of'Van'tine's Temple Incense brings to mind the rosy dawns, the brilliant sunlight, the purple dusks of the Orient-the enchantment!of strange Far Eastern countries, Sold in unique packages at 75C, $1.50 and $3 each, and in sets consisting of incense and artistic Oriental-shape incense burner at $1.50 per set.

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CONTENTS FOR APRIL, 1920 Page Signs of the Times and Editorials ……………………………. 241 ANew India …………………. , ……. , … ,By Herbert Anderson 253 Religious Conditions in Soviet Russia ……………. By Jerome Davis 263 The Founder of the Christian and Missionary Alliance By W. M. Turnbull 267 A Message from Russian Women,.,., … " .. , .. ,", ….. ".,.,., … 272 The Christian Opportunity in Moslem Lands. , . , . , . ,By S. M. Zwemer 273 The Indian Coolie in Fiji …………………….. By J, W. Burton 276 A Chinese Christian General. … , .. , … , . , . , … ,By Jonathan Goforth 282 Glowing Needles … , . , . , . , . . . . . , … , .. , . , . , . , . , … By Belle M. Brain 289 Best Methods for Christian Americanization. Edited by Mrs. E. C. Cronk 291 Woman's Foreign Mission Bulletin, . , … ,Edited by Mrs, W. H. Farmer 298 News from Many Lands…………………………………… 303 THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY, Inc.

Robert It. Speer, President. Prank L.. Brown, Vice-President. Walter McD0(faJ1, Treasurer Delavan ~ Plenon, SecTetail' 2S~~Ii~~~;n 0 ee, Cooperstown, $2.50 y~ year E~itoTial and DU~~:BsYor~cCit;56 Fifth Avenue.

.. Entered 3!1 second-class matter at the Postoffice Cooperstown, New York, under the Act of Marcil 3, 1819.

Copyrighted, 1920 Suppose You Were Blind?

You would appreciate the Bible in a style you could read by touch. A newly-adopted system of printing for the blind, known as the Revised Braille Grade One and a Half, has been approved by two of the leading associations promoting the interests of the blind. .

The American Bible Society has ordered plates and will at once begin printing the Bible in this system.

This makes the thirteenth method of blind reading in which the American Bible Society has supplied the Scriptures at home and abroad.

The Society is supported entirely by voluntary contributions.

Will You Help?

THE AMERICAN BIBLE SOCIETY Bible House, Astor Place, New York, N. Y.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY REvntw 01 THlt WORLD m writing to advertisers The Mysterious Man of the East Another Robert Clive has come to us-another Chinese Gordon-a nother Cortez. His story is strange-his spirit lofty-his power beyond belief.

Imagine a people as simple as children, fierce as ani- mals,loving all wild adventure, roaming vast plains in the mighty majesty of loneliness.

Imagine these people with an a ncien t tradition of culture and learning- of philosophy, science, poetry. Imagine millions of such people in world·old Arabia. To them comes a young lUan-a pink-cheeked young Englishman of twenty-six, an O,{[ord scholar, with the joyous spirit and love of liberty of his Irish a ncestry.

And S lddenly this pink cheeked young man has become the head of a U these Arabs-has led them to a glorious victory over the 'rurks-has dominated them like a God.

No wonder Lloyd George sai d of this man, "Colonel Thomas La wrence is one of the most remarkable and ro- m antic figures of modern times."

His st ory is told by LOWELL THOMAS in ASIA The American MAGAZINE on the Orient This is a tale of wild adventure-colorful as the to Americans who know that the Great Continent Arabian nights, poetic as the Ruhaiyat- but it is so rich in cultural treasures, is about to play ~ more. It is a revelation of a great spirit-a grea t dominant part in world politics and trade. heart-a gTeat mind-of tbat quality~of genius that achieves the unbelievable with ease. Onlv one ASIA, with its v iv id stories, exquisite photographs American knows the whole story. Covent Garden and paintings. and authoritative articles, is a broad was crowded to the doors to hear Lowell Thomas highway into an ench[!nted land of beauty. tell this story- while its hero is again-like all geniuses–<ioing the unexpected. If the love of the Glimpses of Asiatic Missions hero is still with you-if the color and phantasy of life allure you- read this story in ASIA. ASIA covers the missionary field with authorita- tive articles, profUsely illustrated, by Tvler Dennett ASIA is different from a ny other m agazine. It William H. Hall, H . V. Andrews a nd Earl Krcffy. is opening up an oriental mine of compelling interest CONTENTS OF THE APRIL ISSUE Special Introductory Offer / OF "ASIA" / Five Months for a Dollar A Five MontlllJ' Tour of 'he 6ri.ent. / The Soul uf the AraLia.n RevolutieD • by Lowell Tlwma s ASIA sells (or thirty -five cents a copy. / Chincec Political Development – .. .. by J ohn Dewey fl~~~':t::n~~h~ C~tU~~~ ~to"~~'a~~u s~aai~ / Miss. Rev.

Japan~e Toys and Their Association – by S tua rt Culin your subscription with tho April number. / 4·:0 Afghal1io;tan .. – .. – • .. .. – .. .. b1l A. C. Jewett Send the Coupon with Olle Dollar / ASIA Tales of RUI:I-Laud .. – – .. .. – .. .. .. .. Truerl This offer canilot. last long. Send / PUBLISHING Trade wi th Russia • .. .. .. .. – LlI Normtln Hapgood thl. coupon promptly as this edition COMPANY ISiDIJItAe·d·PUBUSH N / / 6~.~·Y::~Cil~··' I·SA The Pas8ing of the Turkish Harem .. by Barnette MiUcr / Sond mo tho next ftvo i"",,, of Bol~be"ism in Asia .. .. .. .. .. .. by Paul S. Reinuh I G/ / Kurd. to (b. R.wue – – – – • by Ed"""d M. Dodd ' num~e;~A ~;,~i~':e':tCI~g $}~;ot~: 'i!~~ ment, in ~c:cordance with rour sPttial Behind tb. Purdah • – – – – – by Ed", Gardener COMPANY / Szechuan .. .. .. .. .. .. .. bll H. K. RichartUGn u fT er. CAnadla n, ' 1·:01 5. F oreliD, J1.40. The United Slat", in Guam • by lWv C. 8mW. 627 Luin,lon An. / / Name________________ __ __________ _ A Vagahond Poel in p.lestine • by J …p/I Ko….

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Please mention THE MISSIONARY R£vltw OF 'tllE WORLD in writing to advertisers $7,318,303.00 This is the budget of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions for the year 1920-1921. as approved by the Executive Commission of the General Assembly-to be secured through the New Era Movement.

To carryon the normal work will require $3,933,938.95 (or about $1,000,000 more than a year ago) To expand the work, enlarge the mission- ary force, provide urgently needed property; open new stations and care for many other obligations will require $3,384,364.05 Total immediate obligations $7,318,303.00 Additional amount authorized to be secured through the Interchurch World Movement Campaigns $11,937,626.00 (To expand the work to a greater extent, equip institutions and enter unoccupied fie~ds.) The need 01 the world is appalling. The responsibility of the Presbyterian Church is great. The Church must face the facts and meet the need.

Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A.

156 Fifth Avenue, New York Plf'A~t": rnention THlt MISSIONARY Rl:V[]~W 01 'l'H:£ WORI.D in writing to advertisers EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS NEW BOOKS CHAT The Annual Meeting By His Eldest Son The annual meeting of the Missionary Review Publishing Company was held at The Reminiscences of Daniel 156 Fifth Avenue, New York, at three- Bliss thirty p. m. on February 1, 1920. Mr Robert E. Spee, presided at the opening The memories and reminiscences of the first president of the meeting. of the farnom; Syrian Protestant College at Beirut. Intereating and entertaining, it h the record of what a man of The Treasurer's report was very enhigh motive can effect in 3. tift"-tirne of devotion to the UP'" couraging, as it showed an increase of twenty per cent in income for 1919 over lift and betterment of humanity. that of the preceding year. In spite of Cloth. In press HUGH PAYNE GREELEY, M. D.

FLORETTA ELMORE GREELEY the necessarily large increase in expenses, Workal1d Play in the Gren- owing to the advance in costs· in every fell Mission direction, the financial condition is as favorable as it was a year ago. With Introduction by Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell. The Secretary's report showed that new subscriptions received during the year New light on the work of the Grenfell Mil:lsion in Labra- were forty per cent of the number on our dor. Mrs. Greeley's letters a.re filled with vividly written books in January, 1919. The three special aecC)unts of life lived under the "Drimitive conditions existent issues, the Temperance Number (May) on Pilley's Island, whiJe her husband's diary tells of the the Medical Missions Number (October) difficulties overcome and the benefioent work accomplished among fisher folk in an isolated, out-of-the-WAY corner of the world.

Illustrated, net, $1.50 and the Home Missions Number (Novem- MARGARET McGlLVARY ber) called for special editions. The growth in the influence of the "Review" Darkness and Dawn in Syria is shown by the large number of commen- A deeply inter-eating account of what happened in Syria datory letters received from readers, and during the past five years. Authentic data vouched for by the extent to which it is quoted by peri- odicals all over the world. Through these reliable and credible witnesBes, and, in the main, within the quotations the message of the "Review" personal knowledge of the author. This book possesses reached at least 750,000 additional readers. historical. ~sionary and political significance of more than ordinary value.

Illuetmted, cloth. In press F. McKENZIE Author 0/ "The Tragedy The Moslem World Quarterly, published by this Company by special arrangement oj Korea" with Dr. S. M. Zwemer, and without Korea's Fight for Freedom "Do not l1'emaln uninformed about Korea. An amazing financial obligation or advantage to the human drama has been staged there in recent months. "Review," has also had an encouraging The story of Japan's intrigues, aggressions and brutalities year and is increasing its number of sub- scribers and its influence. in Korea has been fragmentary. It is now told thoroughly and in detail by a Journalist in a oonvlneing and a straight· forward volume."-Baltimore Sun.

Cloth, net, $2.00 The following were elected to the * ~OBERT E. SPEER says," "Exceedingly interest- Board of Directors for the ensuing 'Ing .. '" most reJreskinfJ, li'&ing and quic1cen- year: Prof. Harlan P. Beach, Frank L. inrJ letters. 1t Brown, Wm. 1. Chamberlain, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, Walter McDougall, Mrs. H. W. Letters of Donald Hankey Author 0/ .. A Student in Arms" Peabody, Delavan L. Pierson, Fleming H.

Introduction and Notes by Edward Miller, Revell, Dickinson W. Richards, Robert E. M.A. Speer, and Charles R. Watson.

As a further revelation of the personality of the In$Jl who The meeting was addressed by Rev. Alwrote "A Student in ArlDa," these personal letters possess fred Williams Anthony, D. D., Executive Secretary of the Home Missions Council, an interest diffieult to overestimate. They eover Hankey's who spoke on "Talking Points on Home college days. lLnd the fateful months he spent in France as one of the immortal "First Hundred Thousand."

Cloth, net, $2.50 Missions." and by Rev. Arthur J. Brown, FLEMING H. REVELL D. D., Secretary of the Presbyterian COMPANY, Board of Foreign Missions, who gave an address on "Some Outstanding Present 15S Fifth Ave., New York Day Problems in Foreign Lands." 17 N~ Wabash Ave.,Chicago Respectfully submitted, Dlll,AVAN L. PrllRsoN, Secretary.

Pl€;ase mention Tlut MISSIONAlty R~vntw OJ' TH. WORLD in writing to advertisers EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS Beautify Your Ground. CHAT BY ERECTING EXCEPTION TAKEN GERMAN MISSIONS AND THlI BRITISH DODSON BIRD HOUSES Dr. W. H. Griffith Thomas, one of the Th"Y are not only attractive In appe….ance. bu. are unsu rwphaiscshednofogrroguivnidnsg that touch o f beauty without ""e complete.

esteemed members of our Editorial Coun- Dodson Bird Houae. '. ii, writes as follows concerning the translation of the article in our February moUld be put ou t now 10 ILl to number entitled "A German Plea for become woathBrOd and ready German Missions": for the bird. whon they return and are looldng for a Dll8t1q "With every desire to be strictly fair to the Germans and to allow Christians alto. in the Allied countries to see the German standl'oint, there are some statements in Dodson Bird Hou. . win the the article which seem to me to need cor- blrdll booause they are bunt b7 rection, so that your readers may be able • bird lov…. who h… _pont a .to consider' both sides. It is not true to life time In ItudYinc thaIr say that the English attempted "to deal habit. and how to a_ a death blow to German missionary work them to bea.utlful "Bird in all parts of the world," or that it was Lodge," hII home 00 the Kantheir desire or determination to "eradicate .r':on.t:e:I:'. .!t: I kakee River. German Missions everywhere" in those b 1 g h-,1 8 ~!~ Dodson Bird Hou._ …. In.""l~~ ~A., oelontlflcally bunt, are cate- fullY ventilated without drat. Price, _ _ $6.00 and other detalll …./1 attended t. 0, b. KaDltoloe, ID, to, DOO"""""7 to attract til-. feathered beautlll8.

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parts of the world ruled by England. JOSEPH H. DODSON. President "The British Governmeot has felt led to of the American Audubon Aseoclation put limitations on German Missions both m. lWHft 781,6.,S.". ,H. nararpgO..D….A._ve., K.. a'n"ka_ k_ _. _ in India and Africa because there are ett_ ,…,,_ _. """' $8.00 abundant proofs that German missionaries were often Germans first and missionaries afterward. The work of Missions will go on unhindered so far as the British Gov- ernment is concerned, except in those Victor Portable Stereopticon cases where it has been found necessary for the above rea!'<m to remove German The choice 01 thousands nllssionaries and to place the work under 01 clergymen other societies. But this does not mean (For use with or without electtic current) 'extermination.'

"I say nothing about the entire absence from the article of any consciousness of wrong-doing in India and Africa as per- petrated by German missionaries, nor is there the slightest hint of German error in chaml'ioning the cause of Islam, that deadliest foe of Christian missions. Per- haps it was scarcely to be expected that This is an era of visualization these things should have been admitted by our German brethren, but at least the Visualize Allied workers among your readers should Religious and Edueational Studies be reminded of what has actually taken place." BY Victor Standard Featherweight Slide Subjects DllI,AY OF MARCH NUMBER Our Slide Library contains over The havoc wrought by the February 18,000 Subjects and progresses with blizzard was responsible for the non- the changing demand. delivery of the paper for printing the regular edition of the March RJlVIlw. Special Slides made from any Copy. This caused the Interchurch World Movement Number to be about ten days late in Catalogues and Trial Terms mailed reaching subscribers, and the Editor and upon request. his staff wish to express their appreciation for the forbearance of the magazine's THE MANUFACTURERS friends in this unfortunate situation. VICTOR ANIMATOGRAPH COMPANY (Incorporated) 216 Victor Bldg. DAVENPORT, IOWA Please mention THlC MISSIONARY R.J:VItW 011 Tn. WORJ..D in writing to advertisers

li:VIDF;NCF; OF ANTAGONISM TO THF; ORTHODOX CHURCH ~N

The Sacred F;lltrance to the Kremlin in Moscow, after it had been stormed and taken by the Bolshevild

MISSIONARY

MEW'

APRIL,1920 N1JJIIID FOUR A NATIONAL CHURCH FOR INDIA N OT ONLY is there much agitation for self-government in India and for church union among Christian denominations, but these two ideals are united in a growing desire for a national, self-governing Christian Church. This may be premature, for the Indian Christians are not yet self-supporting. They have not a sufficient number of mature leaders, 'and all Christian sects combined number only about one per cent of the population. The desire for such a national Church is, however, growing and is the sign of the increasing self-confidence of a vigorous youth.

This movement is not in any sense a revolt against. foreign missionary influence, but is, on the contrary, an acknowledgment of the benefits received from missionary work. The movers in tbis agitation express the desire to have Christianity, which originated in Asia, take on its oriental form and not be controlled by occidental ideals of government, worship and service. Mr; G. S. Doraiswamy, an Indian Christian, has expressed the view of many of his compatriots in a recent number of the Christia~ Patriot of Madras. He says: .

"Christianity in India wears a foreign garb. When Christianity went from the East to West it became a natural and nationltl religion of the West. .But when it was brought to the farther East, it continued in its Western form. Thoughtful Indians have often pondered over this question, and now and then we hear groans from patriotic Indians who ask why Christianity should not be made a religion suitable to the national spirit and heritage of India.

"The 'Church of India' should be a nationalized form of. Christianity which contains all the essentials of the religion and 241

adopts a uniform method of worship. It ought to preserve the heritage of India and encourage the high and low alike to come into its fold. At the same time it. ought not to alienate its adherents as a newly created caste or half-caste. If we are serious and earnest in evangelizing India we cannot afford to ignore the above fundamental ideas. To ignore theS'e any further will not be conducive to the healthy growth of the Indian Christian Church, both internally and externally II … ..

"W~ must secure the good-will and cooperation of Jour foreign missionaries, because we still need them for the evangelization of India. Their influence among the Christian mass is overwhelming. Further, it is impossible to attempt any alterations in our churches' without their assistance … … …

"Sollie of our later-day missionaries' have either partly forgotten their past traditions or imbibed the spirit of the ruling (British) classes. Want of toleration and unwillingness to part with power on the one side, and the new born spirit of independenc.e and nationalism on the other, often cause unpleasantness. If Indian Christians aspire to greater responsibilities, it is surely a glorious achievement of the missionary enterprise. But all missionaries are not prepared to make that sacrifice. With the ambition of creating a 'Church of India' they must wholeheartedly cooperate with Indian leaders • II …

"The first thing is to ascertain from the various missions what doctrines and beliefs they hold as essential for the salvation of man according to the Christian faith. Representatives from all ohurches should then meet and deoide on the essentials of Christianity, forms of worship, divine service and such other matters on national lines."

It seems probable that, in view of the spirit of nationalism developing in many lands, some such program may be adopted in rndia, China, Japan and other countries where Christianity is firmly established.

A WOMEN'S MISSION CONFERENCE AT SHANGHAI F ROM an educational standpoint, the recent Women's Confero . ence in Shanghai, China, (January 2 to 8) has been called the most important meeting ever held in Shanghai. It was com- posed of prominent American and Chinese women and was held un- der the auspices of the Federation of Women's Boards of Foreign Missions of North America. "The spirit of enlightened service which inspired the calling of the meeting remained its guiding force and made its findings unique in the history of women's missions to the Far East," writes Miss Elsie McCormick who describes the con- ference.

19201 SIGNS OF THE TIMES

The seven commissions, making up the Women's Deputation from the United States, were led by women of national distinction, while delegates from China included some of the most conspicuously succe&sful women on the mission field. The head of the Oollegiate Education Commission was President Ellen F. Pendleton of Welles- ley College; the leader of the Secondary Education Commission was Miss Charlotte Conant, principal of Walnut Hill School, Natick, Mass., and Dr. Gertrude M. Walker, formerly of the faculty of Phila- delphia Women's Medical College, was chairman of the Medical Commission. Other members of the Commission were Miss Amelia Josephine Burr, the poet; Miss Nellie Prescott, secretary of the Women's American Baptist Foreign Mission Society j Miss Ernestine Friedman, social service expert for the American National Y. W. C. A.; and Miss Helen Calder, secretary of the Congregational Woman's Board of Missions. Seven provinces of China and thirty-one Protestant Mission boards and societies were represented.

Among the leading features of the conference were the following, as reported by Miss McCormick: (1) Repeated requests for interdenominational secretaries with duties of national scope, such as a Christian Literature secretary, a home economics expert, an instructor in translation who could train Chinese girls for this work and a specialist in religious education to give intensive training to missionaries already on the field. .

(2) A tendency to link social service with evangelism and make every church member a worker for community welfare appeared in the reports of two commissions. This tendency to express faith by works should be given impetus throughout the Chinese Church.

(3)· More adequate support for the two union colleges for women from the boards at home in the matter of staff, buildings and other equipment. It decided it was inadvisable for Chinese girls to go abroad for undergraduatB work, as it is an exceptional student who can remain away from home for five or six years and adapt her- self readily to the conditions of Oriental life on her return.

(4) A union bilingual medical college for women to serve the needs of northern and central China.

(5) A secretary with medic~l training appointed by every women's foreign mission board, these secretaries combining to form a medical board to have general supervision of the staffing and equip- ping of medical schools and hospitals in the foreign field.

Feeling that women's missions deserve more recognition than has hitherto been given to them, the conference urged the appoint- ment of women secretaries to national committees and organizations, such a·s the China Continuation Committee and the China Christian Literature Council. .

TURKISH ATROCITIES AND CHRISTIAN FORBEARANCE O NE point at which the Allies have failed thus far is in the res- toration of peace and security in Asia Minor. In spite of the complete defeat of Turkey and the talk of disarming the Turks, there have come repeated reports of further atrocities on the Christian populace in Marash, Adana, Sivas, Aintab, Alexandretta and elsewhere. The French have replaced the British in Cilicia and the disapproval of the Turks and Arabs at this step seems to be one cause of the trouble. Some reports received at Washington mention the massacre of 20,000 Armenians in Cilicia and great danger threatened to one hundred and fifty thousand Armenians in that region.

The gravity of the situation in Cilicia, Syrian Turkey, was emphasized in reports made public by the State Department in Washington on February 29th: "The following information has been received from a reliable source. " 'The Turks cut the railroad beyond Adana. Fighting began near Marash on January 20, between French and Turkish troops. On the same day an American car proceeding to Aintab and having five Americans and a French officer as passengers, was fired upon by Turks. On the following day in Marash a battle began between Turks and French imd did not cease Defore the 10th instant, when the French withdrew, owing to the fact that they were greatly outnumbered by the Turks. " 'Prior to the beginning of the regular fighting between the French and the .Turks, the latter had commenced massacring Armenians at Marash and vicinity. Turks have destroyed the Armenian parts of the city, as well as the churches.

" 'At Marash Americans were running a Rescue Home for Armenian girls.

That house was sacked and the eighty-five girls were murdered. On the same day, February 7th, the mountain cottage of the missionaries, as well as the building of the Near East Farm, were burned. .

" 'Americans in the American college at Marash were fired upon, and when they offered to mediate between the Turks and the French, the former sent them a letter stating that this was not a local, but a national affair, and that the demand of the Commander-in-Chief of the Turkish National Army was that the French should surrender; "'The following Americans left Marash with refugees and arrived at Adana-safely on the 15th instant: Mr. Crathem and Misses Dougherty, Elfin, Powers and Shultz.''' .

In the meantime American Christians continue to feed and clothe the suffering Armenians, while America as a nation refuses to share in the responsibility for preventing further atrocities.

The Turks have not yet learned their lesson. The opinion of the civilizeq. world, the defeat of Turkish forces b:, allied armies, the conditions of the treaties of peace, have all failed to bring about a change of heart or an abandonment of their progra m to exterminate Christians in Moslem lands. The leniency of the Allies is construed as fear and wealmesls. Though the Turkish anny and navy are to be abolished, the Sultan is to be left in posf{(lssion of Constantinople

SIGNS OF THE TIMES

and the sacred places in Europe and Asia are to be left in the hands of the Turks. Even the former Christian Church of St. Sophia and possibly the other sacred places stolen from the Christians in Palestine and Asia Minor, are to be preserved to Moslems.

A dispatch, dated March 11, reports that Prince Feisal, son of the King of the Hejaz (Arabia) has been proclaimed King of Syria, including Palestine and Northern Mesopotamia. Such a Mohammedan government would have a great influence on the future of Christian missions in Syria and Palestine.

The only hope for abiding peace between Moslem and Christians is a change of heart on the pad of the former. When 4-rabs and Turks come to know God as he if:! revealed in Jesus Christ and follow the Son of God in place of the Prophet of Arabia, then and not until then, can harmony prevail in the Near East.

CONDITIONS IN MEXICO C HRISTIAN churches of the United States maintain mission- ary work in Mexico because the conditions need reform and . the people need regeneration. But there is danger in exaggerating the political disorders from which Mexic~ suffers. Dr. G. B. Winton, of the 44Committee on Cooperation in Latin America" spent most of last October in Mexico and found conditions far quieter and more nearly normal than the papers of the United States represent them. The country has a sound currency of gold and silver, and a year of abundant crops. Wages have generally risen and though the cost of living is higher, Mexico has profited by the era of high prices. The government has succeeded in suppressing rebellion except· in thinly settled regions. There is. still a good deal of banditry but most of it is robbery, from which the United States is far from free. Trains are run regularly on all the main lines of railway and on most of the branch lines. Occasionally one is wrecked by rebels or bandits.

As an offset to the general unrest there is a marked reaction against militarism and the drift of sentiment is' such that a resort to arms in connection with a contested election would be universally frowned upon. Even the government is finding it difficult to keep its ranks of soldiers fall. The country is weary of war. In the coming election next summer Carranza is not a candidate to succeed himself and he and Obregon are on excellent terms with each other.

Rumors and alleged data as to Mexican affairs are calculated to mislead and inflame American opinion. They are played up consistently by the papers, while real information and corrections are suppressed or minimized. Missionaries write from Mexico that the 44terrible situation" is largely imaginary, and that armed invasion will only make matters worse. War would unite aU Mexican factions against the United States and would cause

bandits and snipers to be lauded as patriots. The average Mexican is half Indian. The nation as a nation has the Indian's stoicism, his valor, and, on occasion, his ferocity.

What Mexico needs is training, education; but if the United State conquered Mexico she would be embittered against all such work. American churches could not go to Mexico in the wake of an army and successfully offer the Gospel of peace. American soldiers could impose a military government but this would be considered "foreign tyranny," and hated therefor. No government set up by the United States would be satisfactory to the Mexicans. They object to dictation.

Bitterness of language, criticisms, threats and hostility are alienating Mexico and all Latin America. Such an attitude on the part of the public press in America throws obstacles in the way of missionary and philanthropic endeavor. On the other hand, if we can make the Mexicans our friends we can do much to help them solve their problems. The Christians and the chnrch press in the United States should help to keep the peace.

, A PROGRAM FOR NEGRO BETTERMENT T HERE are many views of the causes and cures for the Negro problem in America. Most of the suggested solutions depend on industrial and intellectual betterment. These reforms are needed, bnt they are not all that is essential. The Home Missions Council program for 'Work for Negroes involves the following fea- tures: 1. Denominational papers are asked to present the subject of race adjustment at frequent intervals, and ministers are requested to preach upon the subject in order to guide their congregations toward a sympathetic and active spirit of cooperation with Negroes.

2. The pronouncement issued by the Federal Council of Churches includes the following principles (as already stated in the REVIEW) :.

(1) Equal protection of life and property. (2) Economic justice with equal opportunities for labor and equitable pay. (3) Sanctity of home and womanhood preserved. (4) Adequate facilities for recreation and wholesome amuse- ment and entertainment. (5) Equal traveling accommodations for equal pay. (6) Adequate educational facilities furnished by Government, both state and nation. (7) Same qualifications for franchise applicable to all races. (8) In industrial centers where the two races are each in con- siderable numbers, committees to be formed on inter-racial welfare, composed of representatives of both races.

3. Conferences of responsible persons will be held in selected

cities. The need of special home mission work is in northern industrial centers.

4. A local program will be shaped along the following lines. of need; (a) what new churches for Negroes are needed? (b) what new equipment is needed for the churches to enable them better to serve the Negro population? (c) what new forms of service are needed ¥ (d) what interdenominational agencies are needed'

5. The Home Missions Council will undertake to set in operation agencies which may meet the needs, laying responsibility upon local agencies and calling in the aid of outside organizations, if reqUired.

The Virginia program, proposed by the Negro Organization Society of Virginia and the Negro Teachers' Association, calls for a better spirit of cooperation among Negroes and for better teachers and schools for the race. They ask for educational campaigns to be waged through press and pulpit and mass meetings and for a larger opportunity for self respecting Negroes to live their own lives amid surroundings which will enable them to bring up their children decently.

There are signs of awakenings among the intelligent Negroes that promise a higher type of leaders among them. These leaders seek not social fellowship with the white race but the right to live and work as civilized people.

THE PASTORS' CONFERENCES F IFTY Pastors' Conferences were held in forty-eight states under the auspices of the Interchurch World MoveJ.llent between Feb- ruary 16th and March 19th. These were addressed by members of six teams that went from place to place holding three-day conEerences in each place. It is estimated that the total attendance of pastors was over forty thousand. Meetings for women were held simultaneously.

The Pennsylvania Conference, which was attended by 1,700 clergymen, adopted a set of findings which, in part, declared: "The crowning justification of the Interchurch WorId Movement is the opportunity that is given to each denomination to functi on for Christ on the broadest scale without the sacrifice of any of its authority."

Three hundred church women met at Nampa, Idaho, at the same time the pastors of Idaho were in conference at Boise. Fully 90 per cent of the ministers of the cooperating churches in that State at:' tended the Boise meeting. The ministers of Arizona met in Phoenix, February 24, and more than 50 per cent of the clergy attended the first day and the next day 75 per cent were present. The Connecticut Conference was held in Hartford, with nearly 300 ministers at the first session. The New Mexico Conference, at Albuquerque, was unique in that American Indians, Negro Americans and Americans of Spanish descent were largely represented. Eighty-five per cent of

the State's clergy attended. The Indians were dressed in their tribal costumes and told what Christianity had done for their people. At the Iowa Conference, which convened in Des Moines, 1,275 ministers registered. Reports from other pastors' conferences tell of growing interest and a general, though not universal desire to cooperate.

THE REVISED INTERCHURCH BUDGET CANADA has already had her united financial campaign under the Interchurch Forward Movement. The results have been most encouraging. The total sum asked for by Presbyterians, Methodists, Church of England, Baptists and Congregationalists was $12,000,000. The amount reported pledged up to date for the coming year is approximately $15,000,000 for Home and Foreign Missions, and for church, educational and philanthropic enterprises. The cam- paign for life enlistment has not yet been completed.

As to the financial campaign in the United States, at Atlantic City the total askings of the Interchurch WorId Movement reached a total of $326,107,837 in one year, or over $1,300,000,000 on a five year basis (omitting some items after the first year). This amount included the estimates of the needs of all the cooperating denominations for Home and Foreign Missions, Religious Education, Church Boards of Education, Hospitals, Homes and Ministerial Support. These estimates have now been revised and the askings reduced to the figures shown on the accompanying tables. . According to these figures the total amount of the budget to be paid in 1920 for thirty cooperating denominations is $175,448,349. This, however, includes $21,000,000 Methodist money already pledged. The total campaign budget for 1920, including some five year programs, is $336,777,572. The largest amounts are those asked by the Northern Baptist, the Methodist Episcopal, the. Presbyterian (north) and the United Presbyterian Churches. The askings for foreign missions are $107,661,488, or over three times the amount received in any previous year.

PLAN FOR METHODIST UNION T HE separation of Methodists North and South because of the .slavery question more than half a century ago 'seems an an- achronism in the present day of movements toward union. Recently a joint commission of the two churches met at Louisville, Ky., and unanimously adopted a plan for a merger, which is to be submitted at once to the general conferences of both communions for final decision. The plan as presented calls for seven regional conferences, six on territorial lines, the seventh to include the entire Negro constituencY'which numbers over 300,000. A Council of Fifteen will constitute the 'supreme authority of this united body, which is to have the single name Methodist. The whole membershilp of the' two churches is about 6,000,000.

@EDXTORllAL COMMlENl":® J,. '

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THE OIJD AND THE NEW M EN 'S t~oughts a~d plans are constantly changing. The wor.ld to-day IS very dIfferent from the world of St. Paul's time. Many customs of society are different. Polgamy and slavery are no longer countenanced by the State. Industrial conditions have changed with the growth of modern business and the introduction of modern machinery. The mingling of many nationalities in large centers and present day democratic ideas bring new problems. There are those who say that consequently methods of Christian work must be to day radically different from the methods employed by Christ and his Apostles, or even from those in use fifty years ago. They say that while personal evangelism and a preaching ministry was the main dependence then, social evangelism must be the chief method nbW. Whereas formerly we were content with saving individuals out of the wreck of society, now we must seek to save the social wreck itself. As a result, work must be done on a larger scale. The Church must attack evil wholesale, seeking to reform the social order, to right all industrial wrongs, to educate the ignorant, abolish poverty, stamp out the social evjl, direct national and international politics-in a word, must do all the work that the state should do and has failed to accomplish.

There is in this program a strong appeal to the sense of brotherly love. It is based on Christian idealism but is it based altogether on sound Christian reasoning ~ Is the unchristian world so different today from the non-Christian world of the first century1 The root of every evil is still sin, it is selfishness and a disregard of the laws of God. Impurity is almost as rampant as in Corinth; commercialism is as greedy of gain as in ancient Rome. There are more people who accept Christian standards but the same evil root exists in the world and bears fruit in evil deeds today as of old.

Is there then any different remedy that will be efficacious for the same old disease1 The individual heart must be reached and purified and enlightened by Jesus Christ before any permanent and true betterment can come in home or business, in the nation or the world. The real power to effect a true transformation must be divine and not human. The method of Jesus and of Paul cannot be surpassed.

At the same time there is an added responsibility resting on the Church today because of its greater strength and larger resources. Work should be cQnducted.on a larger scale, with more perfect equipment, and with reference to the experience of past history. Where one man went out alone a hundred years ago one hundred men should 249

go out together to evangelize and teach today. Where formerly missionaries were mostly confined to pioneer work, in evangelism to- day they should devote more of their energies to the training of a strong, intelligent, self-supporting native Christian Church. It is the purpose and should be in the program of organized Christianity to raise the standard of living in the home and in the community, but this can only be done by bringing the individual to God.

THE RELIGIOUS TEST FOR STUDENT ASSOCIATIONS W HATEVER affects the students of the country seriously af- fects the future Christian leadership. Most of the colleges founded in the early days of American history were established to train Christian ministers. Today, education has been largely secularized and religion, especially the Christian religion, is left out of the education of many who are being trained for leadership in the nation. It is therefore of extreme importance that the organizations that attempt to bring Christian influences to bear on the young men and young women of our institutions of learning shall not o:nly be thoroughly and strongly Christian in every respect, but that they shall link up as many as possible of the students to evangelical churches. To this end Church members should have the direction of the student Association work, and the students should leave their schools and colleges prepared to entere into active Christian work in the churches.

It is then an important question whether the national Young Women's Christian Association Oonvention, which is to be held in Cleveland, April 13 to 20, shall maintain t):le evangelical church membership test for membership in student Associations. This test requires that active, or voting members of all Young Women's Christian Associations shall be members of evangelical churches. At the national Convention in Richmond in-1913, a committee was formed to frame a basis for a personal declaration for membership in student Associations, to be used at the option of such Associations. This basis was submitted to the Convention at Los Angeles in 1915, and was accepted by a majority vote. It must, however, pass two Conventions by a two-thirds vote before adoption as a constitutional change.

The proposed student amendment entitles any woman of the institution to full membership in the Association, provided that she is in sympathy with the purpose of the Association and that she makes the declaration: "It is my purpose to live as a tme follower of the Lord Jesus Christ." The purpose is stated to be to lead students to faith in God through Jesus Christ; into membership and service in the Christian Church; to promote growth in Christian faith and character through Bible study; and to .influence students to devote themselves to making the Will of Chris,t effective in human society and to extending the Kingdom of God throughout the world.

EDITORIAL COMMENT

This is excellent if rightly interpreted. The danger lies in the fact that the local leaders will put different interpretation upon the conditions of membership, and may admit Roman Catholics, Unitarians, and Christian Scientists to full voting membership, thus changing the evangelical character of the Association.

The Young Men's and the Young Women's Christian Associations are enterprises of the Protestant Christian Church. They are based on faith in Jesus Christ as the Son of God and Saviour of man, and membership should carry with it not only sympathy with but full belief in the other distinctive evangelical Christian teachings. The purpose of the Association is to serve others who may not hold these same beliefs, and to lead them to Christ, but it is not necessary that they become voting members in order that they may enjoy all the benefits of the Association. It seems better to many deeply interested in the work that a clear line should be drawn between those who accept Jesus Christ as divine Lord and Saviour, and those who look upon Him as a human teacher and example; or who give a different interpretation to Bible teaching from that accepted by evangelical churches.

Membership based on an individual declaration of "purpose"- not a covenant-will practically mean the formation of a new Church, an organization with its own separate standard of faith and purpose. The Christian movement is not strengthened by letting down the standards of faith and life below those of the New Testament. According to this personal test members are not required to accept the deity of Jesus Christ, or to take Him as their personal Lord and Saviour.

Among the bodies that have registered a protest against such a change in the membership basis are the General Assemblies of the Northern and Southern Presbyterian Churches and of the United Presbyterian Church, the Board of Bishops and the Women's Foreign Missionary Society of the Methodist Church, South, and the Women's Foreign Missionary. Society of the Methodist Church, North.

This is a time for raising the standard of loyalty to Christ and not for lowering it so as to admit to the management any who are nnconvinced and unconverted.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MISSIONS IN JAPAN A DEPUTATION from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions went to Japan in 1918 'to study the situation and to see where the work may be improved. They have made some recommendations that will appeal to all interested in the welfare of Japan and the development of missions there. Among these recommendations are the following: (1) That Christians unite in special prayer and thanksgiving in commemoration of the sixtieth anniversary of the founding of

Protestant Missions in Japan. The Christian Church should set itself with renewed purpose and zeal to complete the task of evangelizing the Japanese.

(2) That the Japanese Church be developed more adequately and that especial attention be' given to those stations and districts where the people show the greatest readiness to receive the Gospel. This will mean also that the country fields be given precedence over large cities for general missionary work.

(3) That some moderate sized city be selected to develop as a demonstration center-a model for evangelistic work, Christian schools and social service institutions.

(4) That a Field Secretary be appointed to serve as a point of contact between Missions and the native Church to have oversight of unoccupied stations and to help promote general efficiency.

(5) That young college men be sent to Japan for short term .service to assist Japanese pastors in special work, and that other young men and young women be sent out as missionary leaders.

(6) That Japanese pastors and other Christian leaders be urged to come to America for advanced study.

'(7) That the problems of social reconstruction be given earnest study and that Japanese effort to solve these problems be encouraged and supported, and that certain missionaries be set aside to cooperate in such social service as may be admillistered by Japanese.

(8) That the leadership and responsibility of the Japanese Church be increasingly honored by the mission, and that ultimately the Mission should become an integral part of the native Church.

(9) That the principles of comity be recognized and the Japanese churches be urged to adopt a constructive comity program.

(10) That church unity in both spirit and effort be urged upon the Japanese Christian Church; and that union plans be fostered in evangelistic, educational and social work.

He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad. Matt. xii. 30.

This is an arresting thought. You know how it is with influence.

You utter a word; it goes forth and the sound dies out; but in some life that word's meaning has gone home, and become a permanent part of the world's history. It is taken down and recorded. It lasts. We can help or hinder God. We are always either for Him or against Him.

If we be against him, by so much as our personal influence counts, by so much are we making it harder for Him to realize His benevolent aims. On the other hand, if we love and obey Him, if we stand loyally for Him in the midst of an unbelieving generation, we do add some- thing to the total of those good forces which are at work in the world, and by so much we actually help him.-REv. HARRIS E. KIRK, D. D., Baltimore, M. D.

S7-ATISTICS OF ORGA.NIZED RELIGIOUS BODIES IN THE UNITED

NAil. Sunda!l Sunday School Churche8 Ministers Members Schools MemOOrs Adventists (5 bocllee) 2,772 1,526 123,143 3,177 113,629 Albanian Orthodox Church 2 3 410 as1,,040000 Amana SocleQ' 14 73 2,196 40 3,315 A.postolic Christian Church 52 Apostolic Faith Movement 24 26 611 16 769 RELIGIOUS STATISTICS FOR THE UNITED STATES iAmerlcan Rescue Workers 29 30 .1;; 499 T HE accompanying report, published by the Federal Council of Armenian Apostolic Church 34 17 27,450 7 682 Churches, does not give us reason to believe that America is to become immediately and -thoroughly Christian, but the total Assemblies of God a1,OOO 967 6,703 81 4,839 number of churches shows an increase of 6,400 in the past three years and a growth of nearly 4,000 ministers and 3,000,000 members. Some Assyrian Jacobite Apostolic Church 2 1 788 allowance may be made for a difference in the method of gathering statistics. lIahal Movement 57 '16,086 2,884 -' 4,305,170 Baptists (21 bodies) 61,992 7,598,280 The organizations vary in size from two or three organized 48,748 churches and 91 to 300 members to 67,000 churches and 7,800,000 Brethren (German Bapt. Dunkers) (5 bodlee) 122,932 1,204 119,706 members. 1,262 37,67 13,717 The grand totals show an aggregate of 44,788,036 persons asso- I3rethren (Plymouth) 470 5,389 261 12,813 eiated with Protestant, Jewish and Roman Catholic bodies. Of these the Roman Catholic Church claims 17,549,324 (including children). Brethren, River (3 bodies) 112 248 a660 71 6,180 About one in two in the United States is an avowed Protestant and one in six or seven a member of the Roman Catholic Church. The to- Bulgarian Orthodox Church 4 3 2,768 4 192 tal of 44,788,036 could be swollen by adding adherents of Protestant Catholic Apostolic Churches (2 bod…) churches. This would bring the number of persons identified with Chrlstadelphlans 13 13 2,922 79 3,101 organized religion in this country to something over 70,000,000 or about two-thirds of the entire population. As to the other one-third Christian and Missionary Alliance 145 9,625 11,077 who have no connections, it should not be forgotten that at least onehalf of them are children. Nevertheless there are enough people 166 114 161 wholly outside of the Christian Church and not followers of Jesus Christ to challenge the Church to greater efforts in evangelism. Chris. Cath. Churcl1 in Zion 105,310 963 76,055 j::hris. Ch., Amer. Chris. ConTentioa 1,204 1,0<17 Toose figures show that the loss in the number of Sunday-school Christian Congregation 3,000 15 1,650 pupils is 596,534, instead of over three million, as was reported. The 15 28 i~crease in the number of Sunday-schools is 5,013. Christian Uni<m 13,692 220 211 173 13,061 While no figures have been reported to show the increase for Church of Christ, Scientist missions and other general benevolences, it is known that on account j::hurch of Daniel's Band 1,589 2 of the sums raised by Methodists, Presbyterians an,!1 other bodies during the past year, these figures have far outstripped those of any Church of God 3 16 100 70 previous year. 429 490 12,012 232 7,796 57 Ph. of God and Saints of Christ (Col.) 94 101 3,311 1,783 Ch. of God. as Org. by Christ 23 18 227 Church of the Nazarene 999 844 35,041 990 50,397 4 Church of Universal Messianic Message 5 4 266 3 93 Church Transcendent 3 2 91 104 Churches of Christ (independenO 317,937 3,441 183,022 5,570 2,507 leh. of God. in N. A., Gen. Eldership 458 4,19 25,847 413 37,952 Ch. of the Living God (Col.) (2 bodiea) 184 450 14,050 88 1,925 14 Churches of the New Jerusalem (2 bodies) 116 134 7,252 358 Congregationalists 6,019 5,722 808,122 5,804 709,859 Disciples of Christ 8,912 6,031 1,193,423 8,643 961,723 Evangelical Association Evangelical Prot, Ch. of N. A. 1,729 1,327 159,310 1,700 222,793 Evangelical Synod of N. A. 37 34 17,962 38 8,792 gree Chris. Zion Ch. of Christ (Col.) 1,385 ·1,131 352,644 1,301 141;015 – rlends (4 bodies) 35 29 6,225 35 3,699 861 699 107,422 754 56,615 reek Orthodox Church 115 115 119,871 11 1,115 lfephzibah Faith Miss. Assoc. 12 38 352 12 583 lfoliness Church 33 28 926 21 791 1 Holiness Methodist Church 7 8 460 390 International Holiness Church 152 325 640 11,000 8,975 Jewish 784 108.534 ~tter Day Saints (2 bodies) 2,960 a260,OOO ithuanian National Catholic Ch. utherans (20 bodies) 1,740 9,790 494,388 1,892 227,796 ennonltes (16 bodies) 1 ethodlsts (17 bodies) 7 3 7,343 142 15,638 9,731 2,451,997 10,255 954,115 1,488 887 46,364 82,722 697 42,236 67,493 7,867,863 69,078 7,287,381 etropolitan Church. Association 7 122 704 3 458 Missionary Church ASSOCiation 25 59 1,554 29 3,343 Moravians (3 bodies) 18,006 194 209 30,675 147 Non-Sectarian Churches of Bible Faith 58 26 2,273 12 571 6 Old Catholic Churches (2 bodies) 19 19 34,025 840 Peniel Missions 10 33 257 4 81 Pentecost Bands of the World 8 250 7 350 Pentecostal Holiness Church 192 282 5,353 143 8,143 Pillar of Fire 23 133 722 24 a775 Polish National Catholic Ch. 34 45 28,245 27 2,967 Presbyterians (10 bodies) 16,066 14,523 2,243,678 14,627 1,847,945 Protestant Episcopal ChUrch 8,103 5,677 1,065,825 5,790 435,761 Reformed Episcopal Church 60 7,750 65 65 11,806 Reformed (4 bodies) 535,040 2,758 484,548 2,779 2,236 Roman Catholic Church 10,460 20,588 17,549,324 12,800 1,932,206 2 Roumanian Orthodox Church 2 2 1,994 123 Russian Orthodox Church 169 164 99,681 126 6,889 !alVatiOn Army 957 2,918 28,586 720 46,823 candinavian Free Churches (3 bodies) chwenkfelders 458 496 37,816 453 47,347 4 6 1,150 6 1,961 ilervlan Orthodox Church 30 26 3,000 9 664 8 Social Brethren 19 10 950 478 Society for Ethical Culture 5 5 2,850 4 481 Spiritualists (2 bodies) 611 520 32,081 82 3,694 Syrian Holy Orthodox Church 35 37 50,000 – 8 546 2 Temple Soc. (Frieads of the Tern.) 2 2 260 158 theosophical Societies (4 bodies) 222 505 8,071 346 230,160 nltarlanS' 477 82,515 3,579 478,119 Jnlted Brethren (2 bodies) 3.907 2,810 367,087 121,391 Tnlted Evangelical Church 949 535 88,847 955 Jnlted SOCiety of Believers (Shakers) 6 107 12 367 trniversalist Churches 467 58,442 650 561 58,566 Vedanta Society 3 3 350 V::":o:::l':u::'n;:Tt~eotie:ar:;s:l8:-=o-:af':;,;AT1=rm::.e:er7i,cu:a:-go::u:-::II—.:-/)oct-:-;-;ie.,-II——-·2;;;3~3:<,8,;,3-;-4–9-:7;1c;;9-;5,-;;33-:0;-715;;-'4'4,-;;71~880~,,O2~3;0;-4;6;–;-19;;;97~,2762 1,611 21,291,658 TOfala-1916 227,4:"17 191,796 41,926,854 194,759 21,888,521 Il-Estlmated

GENERAL BUDGET FOR THE FINANCIAL CAMPAIGN

Campaign American American American Special items Budget Budget Religious Ministerial 1920 Foreign Home American Hospitals Support War Relief, to be paid Missions Missions Education Education and Homes6 Denomination Temp., etc. in 1920 ADVENT $35,000 $35,000 $35,000 Advent Christian Chun;h …………… . 46,210,304' 3,850,0001. BAPTIST 130,533,0001 $34,041,071 1 57,500 $33,940,0001 $2,721,125' $1,000,000' $8,550,500' $4,060,000' 26,106,6.00 2,600,000' 685,000' 15,000 350,0001 565,0001 2,050;{)00 Northern Baptist Convention ………… . 10,250,0001 2,200,000' 532,800 170,000 10,000 20,000 272;500 45,000 …… ….. National Baptist Convention ………… . 15,000 2,000,000 40,000 40,000 ,I', "">, 211,468 75,000 20,000 General Baptist. ., ………………… . 272,500 , 3,219,598 5,920,000 200,000 BRETHREN 3,219,598 606,798 200,000 45,000 2,064,965 Church of the Brethren. . . ………….. . 432,760 Brethren Church ………………….. . 305,983 CHRISTIAN 727,693 99,725 588,043 406,500 10,000 Christian Church ………………….. . 727,693 CONGREGATIONAL 16,508,470 6,553,470 2,246,400 18,600 1,720,000 50,000 Congregational Churches ……… , …… . 16,508,470 DISCIPLES 12,501,138 2,488,352 6,000,000 197,331 1,499,050 226,000 25,440 12,501,138 • Disciples of Christ …………………. .

EVANGELICAL ' 1,394,260 108,000 538,500 315,000 1,394,260 305,983 305,983 Evangelical Association …………….. .

United Evangelical Church ………….. .

FRIENDS 4,532,081 1 344,038 3,250,000' 27,500 25,000 297,500 1,932,081 Society of Friends in America ………… . 40,000 40,000 '40,000 . .Society of Friends of California ……….. .

HOLINESS 50,000 50,000 50,000 Holiness Church …………………… . 1,846,521 LUTHERAN 276,021 153,000 100,000 17,500 300,000 1,000,000 1,846,521 Evangelical Synod of N. A…………… . 82,000 82,000 11,782,8729 MENNONITE 34,485,737 10 473,300 82,000 1,745,866 16,500,000' General Conference of Mennonites …….. . 6,234,9861 467,035 2,247,1801 212,000 50,000 METHODIST 250,000 2,141,2301 2,050,000 100,000 427,865 2,125,000 1,500,000 34,485,737 17,263 52,000 17,263 • 406,644 25,912 172,975 200,000 10,000 1,745,8.66 Methodist Episcopal Church (North) ….. . 1,406,250' 50,000' 390,326' 1,246,997 44,970,000 18,530,929 14,584,251 40,000 212,000 Methodist Protestant Church ………… . 7,865,445 2,928,754 2,730,091 60,0003 250,OQO 392,264 250,000 17,263 Free Methodist Church of N. A…… , … . 529,472 198,4505 43,814 175,QOO African Method't Episcopal Zion Church .. . 31,977,4571 12,537,540' 8,705,305'

Colored Methodist Episcopal Church ….. . 2,136,091 800,000 1,101,441 16,916,085 1 5,519,3051 5,796,7801 Refonned Zion Union Apostolic Church .. " 6,546,6624 911,7701 1,999,917' PRESBYTERIAN .. 6,661,425 1,606,600 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A……. . 1,114,569 2,055,839 2,022,987 44,970,000 150,000 100,000 500,000 7,865,445 Presbyterian Church in the U. S. (South) .. . 354,472 392,264 8,264,9601 103,9431 1,352,634' 529,472 Associate Refonned Presbyterian Synod … . 6,395,491 Ref. Presby'n Church of N. A., Synod …. . 1,013,0751 United Presbyterian Church …………. .

REFORMED 220,2503 14,400 3,850,0001 550,0001 Reformed Church in America ………… . … i:ioo,ooo" .i :'~:<~:::::: 2,136,091 3,383,217 Refonned Church in the U. S…. _……. .

UNITED BRETHREN 2,768,9304 126,0454 100,000 400,000' $78,837,431 $5,931,925 Church of the United Brethren in Christ … 240,000' 4,548,662 1'-·–……,.- Total. ….. , ………. , ……. '" $336,777,572 $107,661,488 $109,949,037 $5,116,4656 $20,510,299 $8,770,927, $175,448,349 '.' 1) ii"

1 Five-year budget to be subscribed in 1920. (a) $10,500,00~the Cente~ary.atllOunt of ~he Board of Foreign :r.{j~sions, which has 2 Two-year budget to be subscribed in 1920. 3 One-fifth of five-year budget. already been subscribed. . . 4 Budget to be subscribed in 1920;.part to be paid in 1920; part in two years. 5 Budget not yet approved by National Board. (b) 6,OOO,00~the buqget of the Woman's Foreign Missionary Society. 6 Budgets Jlpproved by National Boards only are included in this column. 7 $500,000 of this amount subject to continnation by the National Baptist Campaigri 9 The Methodist Episcopal Home Missions Budget is· compose<l. of: '" (a) $10,500,OO~the.Centenary amount of the Board of Home Missions and Church Conunission. 8 The Methodist Episcopal Foreign Missions Budget is composed of: Extension, which has already been subscribed.

(b) 607,872-the'budget of the Woman's Home Missionary Society.

(c) 675,00~the budget of the Freedman's Aid Society.

10 This total mc1udes $21,000,000 which was subscribed in the Centenary- Campaign.

OF THE NEW INDIA-SOME NATIVE CHRISTIAN

A New India BY REV. HERBERT ANDERSON, CALCUTTA, INDIA Secretary in India of the Baptist Missionary Society T HE MODERN missionary enterprise beholds a new India in . 1920. She has passed out .of the Category of an oriental sub- ject race into that of a country with ideals of independent nationalism-a people who have taken the first steps towards the progressive realization of responsible self-government, but still as an integral part of the British Empire. The Government of India ·Bill which passed the House of Commons fills every we11wisher of the Indian people with pleasure and hope. It is wise politically to place confidence where responsibility can be placed, and Christian missions sympathize with the new political charter because they believe confidence can be. reposed in the character and qualifications of the leaders of India today.

. New India is due to many forces, seen and unseen, that for a century and a half have played upon her mysterious life. The foreign missionary enterprise has been one of those forces, and it may not be without interest to consider briefly the results, difficulties and ideals of that enterprise as we face the future. I shall first refer to five direct results, and then to four indirect results.

1. Indian Christianity. The western Christian world does not know as much as it should about Indian Christianity. It hears more of criticism than of praise, and much is said against the 253

Indian Christian's power and influence; but to the man who knows, Indian Christianity was never greater than it is today in its devotion, its love to Christ, its grasp of truth, and its desire to spread His Cause. Indian Christianity is divided into three sections. There is the Syrian section, connected with the Eastern Church, which numbers 750,000. There is the Roman Catholic section that is the result of four hundred years of Roman Catholic effort, numbering in converts 1,550,000, and there is the section associated with Protestant Missions, numbering 1,700,000, the' fruit of a little over one hundred years of missionary endeavor. These make a total Indian Christian population of 4,000,000 in the midst of 315,000,000 people according to the census of 1911. But at the rate at which converts have increased during the past forty years, India should be nominally Chl-istian in a hundred and fifty years more.

2. The Regnant Position of Christ. In the moral sphere in India, outside the circle of the Indian Christian Church, outside the circle of missionary influence, Christ has already obtained a widening influence far in advance of what might be expected from the relative size of the Christian population. He is exercising today a wonderful power over the lives and thoughts of individuals, and, in certain places, of communities which are not Christian. They have seen the moral grandeur of His character, have begun to realize the glorious meaning of His Cross and His ethics, and have already accepted Him as one of the greatest leaders and teachers of truth that the human race has ever seen. A leading non-Christian solicitor in Calcutta, a man of great influence, gives evidence for his compatriots when he writes: "Christ is the God-appointed Ruler of the human conscience; that is my belief." He speaks for thousands who profess allegiance to Jesus Christ, though they will not at present have anything to do with organized Christianity, and refuse to take the name of Christian. Christ is nevertheless regnant in their thought-life, and helps to form the influences that dominate their daily cha'racter and duties. That is one of the direct results of the modern missionary enterprise.

3. Christian Theological Thmlght. Changes are taking place that are affecting the thought-life of the East regarding its theological convictions. Taking India as a whole, Hinduism is still the ruling religion-a religion of pantheism, believing God is impersonal, unthinking spirit. Into that pantheistic conception, as one result of the modern missionary enterprise, has come a belief much more in the monotheistic God who is a Father in His attitude towards the human race. I was present at a large Congress of Religions held in Calcutta where fifty-seven different religious bodies of India were represented. It was a parliament of religions but there was no prayer on the first day. That struck some of the non-Christian leaders as a lack and they came to me and said;

A NEW INDIA

,,We have made a great omission. We want to begin our discussions tomorrow in the atmosphere of prayer, and want you to lead us." I had the privilege of leading that great audience in Christian prayer. Prayer signifies a personal deity. When it came to the question of their discussion-how they thought of Godit was marvellous! Among the Hindus, among the Mohammedans, the Brahmans, Sikhs, Jains, the Aryas and other Samajists there was expressed a conception of God which made Him not impersonal, but alive and in touch with human life, with all its pain, sin and sorrow. That, too, is one of the direct results of the modern missionary enterprise in India.

Courtesy of the Woman's Missionary Magazine • A MISSIONARY IN HIS TRAVELING WORKSHOP Rev. David Gord on in his touring automobile in India Take the subject of sin, which to the East is largely ignorance, purely a question of intellect. That view is also changing to indude a moral aspect which links sin to the conscience, and makes man and woman answerable to God for what is done, thought or said. There is a clearer view of Christ's teaching in regard to what sin is, both in its origin, its influence and its results. This conception comes as a vision to men who, in the past, have not had such a conception of it as would lead them straight away to ~he feet of the Saviour Who can save them from sin. One might speak of other theological changes which really come down to the very essence of human life, and show that Christian influence is at work in India, and is bringing men and women outside the

Christian fold to the position to which Christ Himself sought to bring them.

Then, on the subject of prayer, changes are taking place both in India's view and her religious practice of prayer. Of course, there has been prayer all down the ages. Life cannot be lived without prayer-that human cry to the great spirit world. But to the Indian, prayer has been, to the extent it has been used, one of the means of his self-salvation, one of the methods by which he may secure for himself, and himself alone, freedom from the shackles of existence, and unity with the great spirit of the infinite. Now that is all changed, and they are coming to have a happier con- (eption of the possibilities of communication with God the Father of our souls. We constantly see how, in many concerns of life, the non-Christian Hindu desires to pray, individually and congregationally. Prayer also emphasizes the idea of fe1l6wship, of devotion and worshrp, as well as the idea of supplication. Does this not give to prayer in the Orient today more of Christ's te.aching of what prayer ought to be'

4. Christian Educational Influence. The hunger for education creates one of the greatest opportunities for dealing effectively with the world's religious and social problems. Christian educational influence in India today is a far larger thing than mailY:. realize. Take this paragraph from an educational authority: "The last Quinquennial Review of Educatio~ in India shows that 42 Arts Colleges with 11,579 pupils or about one quarter of the whole: are under missionary management. Christian missions are carrying on 843 secondary schools with 160,953 pupils. Over 9,000 primary schools (more than 350,000 pupils,) and 75 training institutions are maintained by the missionary societies represented ·in the missionary conferences in Great Britain and North America. Of the above total rather over one hundred thousand pupils are being educated by Roman Catholic missions."

The significance of this paragraph is the tremendous oppor- • tunity it reveals of dealing with the child-life of the Indian nation to be, and to deal not only with primary education but also with secondary education, whether in the Christian community or in the non-Christian.

Christian influence is still more wonderful in women's education. In the Madras Presidency, two of three women's Colleges are managed by missionaries, and one by the Government; and of the thirty-nine girls' high schools, thirty-three are under mis'sionary control, and six under Government. Education is the hand of Christ blessing the children of the Orient, and He calls for American men and women of capability, influence and· personality to come out and help in that marvellous opportunity for bringing the thought of young India, the mind of young India, and the soul of young India into touch with His mystic influence.

A NEW INDIA

5. The Influence of the Bible. The Bible is being read, being thought about, being quoted in the press of India. You can scarcely take up a non-Christian newspaper published by an Indian editor, without finding some quotation from the Bible. It is part of their, English education, and shows that the thoughts leading the press of India are to some extent influenced by the teaching of the Bible. Each Province has its own Bible Society Auxiliary and the secretaries report that, during the last ten years, the sale of Bibles, Testaments and portions has gone up by tens of thousands, and in some cases by hundreds of thousand. There is a larger circuh;ttion of the Bible in some form or other today than ever before.

There is a meeting, held every year, in every Province of India, at which the Bible Society offe'rs to students who have passed their matriculation examination, or who have graduated a gift of a Bible or portion of the Bible as a memento of their success. I have attended a number of these meetings. At one recently held in Dacca there were at least three hundred students who' came forward to receive from the Oommissioner's wife a copy of the New Testament, or of the Bible, as· a gift for having taken their .degree. There is a growing desire among the students of India to know the contents of tha,tBook which to us is God's Word. This is one of the bright results of the modern missionary enterprise.

INDIRECT RESULTS In touching upon the four indirect results, I want to try to get a. little deeper; They cannot be attributed entirely to the modern missionary enterprise. God has marvellous ways of making His truth known, and bringing that truth to the hearts and lives of men and women. Some results may be partially traced to the Ohristian spirit in British political administration, or in commerce, or in the Western Press-the contact of the East with Western civilization at its best. They come from various sources, but I do not think I am wrong in also claiming that mis,sionaries of tbe Cross, through their work, through their lives, through their influence, have no small part in bringing about the results to which I refer.

1. Reverence for Personality. At the back of all the political changes of the day is the claim of India's leaders to give to individual Indians some control in the administration of their country; some millions of voters, they say, desire the opportunity to choose for themselves who shall be their rulers in the political sphere. That brings us to the franchise and the individual vote. In certain ports of India 'Women also are clamoring to have the vote. Bring this political fact down to its inner significancethere has been a vision of personality; the value of the individual is

recognized, and a reverence for personality now shows itself in the cry for political independence.

Take industrial life. There is a great deal going on in India's industrial centers that is wrong. The living wage has not yet been found. In many cases women are working in factories twelve and fourteen hours a day, and the children too are oppressed by their masters, not European alone. There is a cry out now against the conditions that make for a weak human environment. What does it mean? Men and women have had a vision of the respect and reverence due to the individual-again, reverence for personality.

What does it mean in regard to education? The leaders of India in five different provinces are calling out for compulsory elementary education. There are tremendous difficulties-finance, teachers, equipment, houses; but they are demanding that instead of the five or six out of a hundred, taking it broadly, who. are having it today, every child shall have the opportunity of getting knowledge; and through knowledge, power, influence, and happiness so far as domestic and civic life in India is concerned.

It may be the single child, it may be the worker, it may be the political voter-there is towards one and all a new reverence for personality. Where is the mountain source of this undeniable fact 1 It is found in Him Who said: "What shall it profit a man if he gain the whole world and lose his own soul." Ohrist's value of the soul becomes India's also.

2. Hunger for Comradeship. Hunger for comradeship is all over the world; it is here in the West, and it is in India. If only men and women would realize that God has made all men to live in an atmosphere of love towards one' another; whether they are brought together by commerce or by politics, or in international relations, to live, love and work as comrades. Weare getting that spirit in India today. I am a member of an Institution called the Devalaya. Many years ago its founder, Maharshi Sastipada Banerji, now eighty-two years of age, conceived the necessity of bringing those who differ socially and religiously together in an atmosphere of friendship. He gave his house and fortune for the realization of his ideal. He saw cast cleavages, child widowhood, child marriage, impurity, intemperance, and other customs that are doing so much unopposed harm. "Let Hindus and Moslems and Ohristians meet together," said he, "and discuss these things from the standpoint of friendship for one another." The Devalarya grew and has become a house in which the hunger for comradeship is satisfied. It is not successful as the world counts success, but every week, and almost every day, a few choice souls gather together in its little shrine to pass an hour or two, partly in prayer, partly in silent meditation, and partly in discussion of those things which affect the religious and social life, first of Oalcutta, then of

A NEW INDIA

India, and finally of the world. 3. The Passion for Freedom. Freedom, liberty, self-determina- tion, emancipation, and words of similar import are in large use in India today. What does it mean 7 Take for example, the outcastes of Indian society who are crying for an ampler life. They do not quite know what fetters bind them, what are the oppressions from which they suffer, or in what direction liberty really lies. But many of them have decided that they will not any longer be the serfs of their fellow-countrymen. To some of them hope lies in the Christian Church and community. Where is the source of this 10ngingT In Him "Wllo said:' "I am come that ye might have life-more abundant life."

4. Enthusiasm for Social Service. Philanthropy, temperance, public morals-in these three spheres throughout India there are hundreds of non-Christians waiting for the opportunity to be of service to those in need. The need is usually physical when famine strikes multitudes, or plague, flood, cyclone come. Under proper leadership they join any adventure to render relief. The missionary spirit is at work. There is a vision and enthusiasm of service to others that may yet touch very deep and come straight from the heart of God. It is to Him Who said: "Inasmuch as ye did it unto the least of one of these" that we trace this modern enthusiasm.

Now if the'se results, direct and indirect, of the missionary enterprise are fair statements of the case in the year 1920, I claim that every Christian has the right to be optimistic.

THE DIFFICULTIES But are there no difficulties T There are indeed stupendous difficulties. Space permits me only to glance at the chief of them.

1. Difficulty of Western Christianity. The materialism of the West is hindering the 'Work. It has done so all along. It is doing so more today than ever. All that has been happening in the Western world these last few years must be a tremendous hindrance to the cause of Christ. The world is one. The conditions of London, of New York, of Paris, of Petrograd, and of any other great cities in the West, their social, political, economic and religious conditions, now that the world has been made one by the war, will have a still more harmful or helpful influence. As Christians in the West work for Christ, for purity, for comradebhip, for love, for glorious human ideals, they touch the problems missionaries are fighting. Many difficulties in the Orient will only truly be solved when Western Christianity is really Christian. Enthrone Christ in the West, or the East may yet send Christian missionaries to do it.

2. Difficulty of a Scattered Indian Christian Community. A

great deal has been said about what the Indian Church might be and might do. But the four million Christians in India are tremendously handicapped by reason of their separation. To quote one paragraph from Mr. Paton's book "Social Ideals in India": "The large number of Christians is very unequally distributed over the country. In Travancore a quarter of the population" is Christian, in Madras and in Burma not quite three per cent, in the Punjab one per cent, in Bengal only 29 in 10,000, in Rajputana four in 10,000, in Kashmir three in the same number. In great areas of the country there are no Christians at all, and no Christian word, has been preached. Two-thirds of the Christians of India live in the South, and i,t is there that the Christians appear most distinctly as a cO'mmunity. The uneven distribution of the Christian population mu&t be remembered whenever we think of the influence and possibilities of the Church in India."

The difficulty of a scattered Indian Christian community cannot be overlooked when missionary statesmen talk of the Indian Qhurch, and of other great problems affecting the mission field.

3. Difficulty of Christian Ecclesiastical Divisions. There is something absolutely wrong with the Church of Christ today in Europe, in America, and throughout the world. Weare not one to do Christ's will. The ecclesiastical divisions among Christians 011 the foreign fields are one of our greatest present difficulties. It is not possible to suggest that the hour has come for the divisions to disappear. But the time is more than passed that the spirit of antagonism that has perpetuated eccleciastical divisions should pass away once and forever. All that is irrelevant for India should be scr:apped, for it is a weakness to the Christian Church, and a greater weakness to the Christian approach to non-Christians. Personally I favor a policy of leaving the organization of an Oriental church policy to the present leaders of the churches in the East. The Holy Spirit is there to guide. The shackles of Western denominationalism need breaking in all Orient lands, and the Boards of the West would be wise to lead the way in this act of emancipation.

4. Difficulty of a Lack of Indian Christian Leadership. One ought to mention this difficulty, even though it be immediately after the words just written. We thank God for some magnificent men and women that He has raised. Take for instance Pandita Ramabai, Bishop Azariah, Tilak the Marathi poet who has just died, the evangelist Sundar Singh, and many others. The Indian Protestant Church can boast already of some magnificent prophets and leaders. But taking the Indian Church generally, and the Indian Christian community generally, we have to confess that up to the present (due to the fault of those who have not been paying sufficient attention to developing responsiblity, and to creating Christian leadership) there is a lack of efficient Indian Christian leadership. Some missionary problems will only be solved when more Indians are trained

19201 A NEW INDIA

and taught to take positions that some missionaries feel they are more ready to take than we are prepared to let them have.

5. Difficulty of Racial Relationships. It is hard for an American or a Britisher in the East to avoid the thought that we are superior to the Oriental, and that he ought to be on a lower plane. And it is hard for the Indian today, under the stress of nationalistic ideals not to think more highly of himself than he ought to think. In certain missionary circles differe1l-ces between missions and the Indian Church are aggravated and emphasized and over stated. Things are not so bad as they are made out; yet there is no doubt that mis- sionary progress during the next decade will feel the unhealthy in- fluence of un-Christian racial distinctions. In Christ this will dis- appear.

THREE IDEALS But as we look forward there are three ideals of the modern missionary enterprise that fill our horizon with hope.

1. Western Christianity ablaze for World Evangelization. It has not come yet. America is getting it faster than Britain. American churches have seen the vision for the home and foreign work, as inter-related and needing one appeal for Christ: They see that the cail of Christ to aid the redemption of humanity is a call to every individual Christian. It is one of the glories of American Christianity today that she has set herself to give time, talent, wealth, all that she has., to undertake this great adventure for Christ in a way that has never been dreamed. W{! want to see this spirit in Britain, on the Continent, in all Christian lands. 'When it comes it will be seen that it is not wise to have the separation between the churches, or the divisions in regard to home and foreign work that today exist. The hour has struck when the Christian Church should begin to set herself to the task of the world . for Christ.

2. The Indian Church Centric to all Foreign Missionary Effort. Does not the lesson from political changes teach us that the Indian is coming to his own, and that missionary societies have to learn this lesson too? They have been dominating, not only their own field of foreign missionary effort, but the Church's life and the 'Church's methods and the Church's worship, so that we have a Westernized Indian Christianity. It has been a mistake, and many of us regret it. The Foreign Missionary Society should be the servant of the Indian Church. When there is a Church big enough and strong enough, let the Foreign Missionary Society be prepared to enter into fellowship, nay rather serve the native church for the great cause of Christ in the land. The more responsibility we can place upon the Indian Church, and the more 'We can take away from the representatives of Western Christianity the better for the progress of faith in that land. The ideal is an Indian Church that

shall be centric for all missionary effort carried on, whether it is evangelistic, medical or educational. To be the servants of the Indian Church, working under Indians controlled by Indians, having finances administered by Indians, this is an ideal before us. Does it not seem almost a dream ~ 3. Home Authorities Alive to the Pressing Modern Needs. A new vision of what modern needs really are is necessary to the home authorities. There is something wrong with the proportion of funds spent on women's work, takin~ missionary organizations as a whole. Not enough is spent on the women's side of the work. I do not want to stop the men's work, but within the next few years the amount spent on and the advances made in women's work should be doubled at least. There needs to be a change in the vision of the home authorities in regard to the amount of money to be spent in cooperative work. The National Missionary Council is leading the way, but the Home Boards are not as keen or as generous for cooperative effort as they should be.

The relative importance of institutional as against general missionary activity also needs reconsideration. India, during the present year, may bring darker days for Christian effort than have been lately experienced; but God's bright promises overspan the· horizon. We may claim for the world's redemption of soul what a British poet wrote at the beginning of the great war: "You who have faith to look beyond the tragedy of a world at strife: Who trust that out of dark and death shall rise the dawn of ampler life, Rejoice, whatever anguish rends your heart, that God has given you for a priceless dower.

To live in -these great times and have your part in freedom's crowning hour, That you may tell your sons when climbs the light high in the heaven, their heritage to take, ( 'We saw the powers of darkness put to flight; we saw the morning break.' "

_bat i~ tbt ~oob JltW~ for )nbia?

6amueI ~illllitt&ottom, ~IIaba&ab, lhtbia ~upedtttenbettt of tfJe ~IIafJa&ab lIttbu.tttal lItt.titute "~gricuItural missionaries must unberstanb tfJat IIttter plolus or larger crops is not lubat lue are after as tbe ptimarp tfJing; tfJtrt is no real &spel of tbe plolu." ~bere is a 490spd of 31esus Q!:btist tbat satles men lubo IItlittle in ~im, apad from tfJeir tconomic or sodal at conbition anb it is to belp in tfJe spreab of tfJat ~ospd tfJat tfJt ~gricul= tural 3Jnstitutt exists. babt no sbort cut, no nelu luap. no IIttter lua!, tfJan tbe lua!, of tbe Q!:ross as tbt lua!, of salbation from sin to eternal lift. jJio man sboulb bt aHolutb to start for 3Jnbia: lubo bas an!, boubt ou tbe~e e~~tltial points.

UP THE; RELIGIOUS SPIRIT IN

A Church Parade protesting against the separation of the Church and State in 1918, Petrograd.

The men in golden helmets are priests.

Religious Conditions in Soviet Russia* BY JEROME DAVIS, NEW YORK Formerly Studeut Assistant to Dr. Charles E. Jefferson of the Broadway Tabernacle Church, New York; later Private Secretary to Dr. Wilfred T . Grenfell of Labrador and for two and one-half years active in Y. M. C. A. War Work, in Russia.

T HE ONE hundred and seventy million people who once made up the Russian Empire offer a challenge to the Christian forces of America. In the past they have had neither education nor good government. Today they are struggling through revolution, civil war and anarchy toward education, abetter government and a more democratic nation.

What are the religious conditions in Soviet Russia1 The Greek Orthodox Church in the past has been one of the bulwarks of the Tsar's government. The Tsar himself was its head and the Church received financial grants from the government. Today the Church is completely separated from the State. Moreover, it is often spoken against by the Soviets; it is being openly attacked in the government press. What has been the result T In the first glow of the revolution the churches were largely deserted; Today -This article was written in November of last year.

the people are suffering from starvation and disease; consequentiy they are thronging to .religious services. Though the Greek Orthodox Church has done great things for Russia, it has done very little. in social service lines.' A year 'ago last May, after the Bolsheviki had been in power for about eight months, I sent a Russian priest to see what the Orthodox churches of Moscow were doing for the· people. This priest, who was officially appointed tohelp.Jis by the Patriarch, t.he head of the Russian Church, V'i~ited twenty-two of the leading churches of Moscow. He found that seven maintained old people's homes, two had libraries, and a few had schools. Not one had any organization for the young people or anything that would lead the young people to take an active part ill the life of the parish.

Twenty of the priests thought that the Y. M. C. A. could do something to help Russia, while two thought it was dangerous to under- take anything at that time. Several priests made definite suggestions that the Y. M. C. A. start young peoples' unions, play grounds and libraries. The investigation showed that the average priest would welcome the efforts o~ such a foreign organization.

The Russian Orthodox Church is today going through a period of fiery trial. It needs the help and prayers of the Christian forces of the world. It is willing to accept help, to cooperate with any fair-minded Christian group. The head of the Russian Church, Patriarch Tikhon, has served in the United States and would gladly welcome assistance from the religious forces of America. He cooperated with the Y. M. C. A. by authorizing a priest to work with them, by endorsing the translation of American books, and by giving us certificates such as the following: "The Young Men's Christian Association in America is performing. useful, energetic and fruitful work_ in the way of religious and moral education for the young men of America. It is building in the latter the ideals of a wholesome Christian life by means of its all around cultural and physical training.

"At the present time a department of this Association has taken up similar work in Russia coming into contact with the workers and institutions of the Russian Orthodox Church, and has invited as their spiritual advisers various persons belonging to the Russian clergy in order to work in concord with the teaching and the rules of the holy Orthodox Church.

"Mr. Davis, an American, having entered as a member into the brotherhood of the Church of Christ the Redeemer and well known for his good work among the Russian people all through the war, plans to visit some of the most important towns of Russia in order to find out on the spot what the Y. M. C. A. can do in Russia for the welfare of her people. He desires to acquaint himself still further with the Ol'thodox Church and its clergy and I would ask you to render him every assistance.- (Signed) Patriarch Tikhon of Moscow and of all Russia.

The Patriarch also gave me on June 29, 1918, a request for the prayers of all American Christians, in which he said:

19201 RELIGIOUS CONDITIONS IN SOVIET RUSSIA

MOSCOW Y. M. C. A. CLUB TN THE HOME OF THE COMMANDER OF DISTRICT "It would comfort us to know tha't all true Christians of America will always remember our Russian Church and people in their warmest prayers. We would feel deeply grateful if you would express to the Christian people in America our deep desire for their prayers, especially at this crisis in Russia. We are deeply conscious in this dark hour that the moral suppo~ and prayers of all Christendom are vital for the rebuilding of Russia through Christ to her former strength."

Not only the heads of the Russian Church but the common priests everywhere are asking for our help. Along with the revolution in the government, the Church has begun to branch out into qifferent forms of servi~. Su.n<lay-schoolsl Mep. '1$ Brother.

hoods, and social service clubs were being formed by some of the churches when I was there. Progressive priests were anxious to learn everything they could on new methods elf work from the practice of .American churches. Some of the priests came to me at midnight asking for books on .American Sunday-schools and on how .American churches raised their finances. The priests were beginning to preach as never before. They need material for sermons. I gave a copy of Fosdick's "The Meaning of Prayer" to one priest who could read English. The next Sunday he preached his sermon from the book giving credit to the author. Russia needs New Testaments and Bibles. The supply in Russia is exhausted and paper is so expensive it is difficult to get. With the approval of the Patriarch, the Y. M. C. A. distributed thousands of copies ;rf the New Testament in Russian, directly and through the priests.

It is needless to say how much Russia needs education, as eighty percent of her people are illiterate. Russia also needs food. In Petrograd in 1918 over eleven thousand people contracted cholera, and over ten thousand typhoid or typhus. In the first three' months of 1919 there were thirteen thousand cases of typhus. Any' one who says that, under the Bolsheviki, ,supplies cannot be given by neutrals to those in need contradicts the whole experience 6f the Y. M. C. A., the Y. W. C. A., the Friends' Society, and the AmerIcan Red Cross.

The Russian Orthodox Church stands pleading for help. The people of Russia are bleeding and suffering. What will the churches of America do about it t I suggest the following: , First, that an interdenominational commission made up of leading clergymen and progressive social workers be dispatched ,to Soviet Russia at once empowered with funds to help, and accompanied by ships of food and. medicine.

Second, that the American churches empower this commission to help· the. Russian schools.

';Yhifd, that the Christian forces of America cooperate with the Rus- !Sian Orthodox ,Church by placing at their disposal our methods of religious education' and' social service.

They should carry with them New Testaments and other religious literature printed in Russian.

Does not the story of the Russian revolution resemble the story of the Good Samaritan ~ Russia lies bleeding by the side of the road. Germany passed by and instead of helping Russia used armies and bullets to crush out the real soul of the Russian people. America is passing by. Do we want to play the part now of the Pharisee? Shall we keep hands off and continue the blockade, or shall we go into Soviet Russia to bind up the wounds, pour on oil and do what we can to relieve the suffering~ America will respond to the needs of suffering Russia in so far as the real spirit of Jesus Christ is in the hearts of her Christians and our churches are alive to.tl1eir opportunities to serve.

Founder of the Christian and Mission-

ary Alliance Dt'. Sitnpson's Cont1'ibution to the Missionary Enterp1'ise BY REV. W, M. TURNBULL, D. D., NYACK, NEW YORK Dean of the Mi ssionary Institute A LBERT B. Simpson, foulld- er and president of the Christian and Missionary Alliance, who passed away at his home in Nyack, New York, on October 29th, was one of the reli– gious leaders of the day whose missionary messages and methods had an influence far beyond his own Society.

He was born of godly Scotch Presbyterian parents in December, 1844, at Bay View, a little village on Prince Edward Island. As a boy his thirst for learning was so intense that his health was broken by over study, yet he struggled against this disa- bility and the further handicap of poverty to such good effect that he entered college at sixteen and THE LATE DR. A. B. SIMPSON became an acceptable preacher in his first year of study, His intellectual gifts were remarked by church leaders, and immediately upon his graduation from Knox College, Toronto, he was called to an important pastorate in Hamilton, Ontario. This church prospel'!ed under his leadership but in 1874 ill health induced him to accept an invitation to the Chestnut Street Presbyterian Church in Louisville, . Kentucky.

Here he led in a great revival and was the means of drawing together churches of the city that had beel'!. divided by the Civil War. In 1880 he came to New York City as pastor of th€< Thirteenth Street Presbyterian Chu:rch, When he had spoken there on one occasion the elderly minister in charg'le' was so moved that he refused to enter the pulpit for weeks afterwards, but preached from the chancel. Mr, Simpson's early ministry in New York won him the love and esteem of his congregation, so that there 267

was universal regret when he announced that he must leave his settled pastorate to take up evangelistic work for the unchurched masses of the city. He had become profoundly impressed with the fact that the middle class, respectable people of New York were not attending the house of God, and he felt led by the Spirit to go to them with the Gospel of Ohrist. In dance halls, theatres, and other rented buildings he preached with high tides of blessing, reaching many needy hearts in the great metropolis.

In response to Mr. Simpson's stirring appeals for sacrificial service, a little group of his first converts organized a Missionary Prayer Union and met in his home to pray for lands where the name of Ohrist had not yet been heard. Soon a few of these young people offered themselves as missionaries, and requested special preparation. To meet their need Mr. Simpson organized a class for the study of the Bible and missions, which held its first sessions on the stage of a the'atre. From this small. beginning sprang the Missionary Institute which, first in New York and later at Nyack, has been the training camp for hundreds of earnest missionaries and home workers. One of the first principles of Dr. Simpson's wo:r:k was the utilizing of the' unemployed forces of the Ohurch for the evangelization of the world. His school was the pioneer among the Bible Institutes in America, and from the beginning offered specialized training in a practical knowledge of the English Bible, and in methods of aggressive soul winning. Hundreds of eager hearts were inspired with a divine zest for spiritual adventure, and led forth to mighty exploits.

In 1884 the first class was graduated from The Training School, and immediately the problem arose' as to the field of service which should be chosen. Dr. Simpson, as a believer in the Pre- Millennial Ooming of the Lord, had come to the conclusion that the consummation of the Ohurch's hope was intimately connected with the evangelization of the world. He believed that the words of the Master: "This Gospel of the Kingdom shall be preached in all the world for a witness unto all nations; and then shall the end come," referred not to any future age, but to the respon- ~ibility of the Ohurch in this dispensation. Oonsistent with this belief, he urged that missionaries be sent to lands for which no other society was planning. This has been the settled policy of Dr. Simpson through the years. While some bases haVie been occupied in conjunction with other missions, the great objective has always been to push out into regions where no other Ohristian has carried the story of rediemption. The observance of this principle has led the Alliance missionaries into the most difficult and remote regions, and has meant the introduction of the Gospel to Kwang-Si in South Ohina, the province of Hunan in Oentral China, the

FOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE 2fIJ

borderland of Tibet, the unoccupied basins of the Congo and the Niger in Africa, the untouched areas of Central and Western India, the interior regions of Argentina, Chile and Ecuador, and last of all, the great French Colonial possession of Indo-China. In the last named country the only Protestant missionaries among·twenty- two million people are pioneers sent out by the Alliance.

Dr. Simpson expressed some of the underlying convictions of his own mind in the following declaration of principles: "1. The ALLIANCE emphasizes the speCial agency and superintendency of the Holy Ghost in the work of missions, seeking only for wholly 'con- secrated missionaries and holding the work under the constant direction of the Spirit of God. HI goes without saying that the testimony of the 'ALLIANCE is a full Gospel and the converts of our missions are led to know the Lord Jesus in His fulness and expect the baptism of the Holy Spirit.

"2. Along with this it naturally follows that the work should be a work of faith and that it should be maintained by a spirit of prayer and continual dependence upon God. Having no ecclesiastical constituency the workers on the field and the executive officers at home are led to look more directly to God for all their resources and supplies.

"3. The ALLIANCE missionary work is evangelistic and aggressive rather than educational and institutional. We do not attempt to establish educational institutions, and transplant our denominational organizations to heathen soil, but to give the Gospel as rapidly as possible to all races and tongues.

"4. T-lle principle of economy is rigidly aimed at. The expenses of home administration are reduced to the lowest possible figure. Missionaries on the field are not promised regular salaries, but simply their expenses, and all the workers unite to make the means at our disposal accomplish the largest possible results without really sacrificing or crippling the work. Monthly allowances sufficient to meet actual needs are granted the mission- aries. From time to time these allowances are increased as the cost of living in different countries is raised.

"5. The principle of sacrifice is tlhe deepest element in our work. Again and again is has been displayed upon the field by the missionaries themselves, and not less by the self-sacrificing gifts of those who sustain them af home."

Some of the methods employed by Dr. Simpson have become widely known through the secular as well as the religious press. Ever since 1887 an annual missionary convention has been held at Old Orchard, Maine, which has become the source of inspiration and the model for numerous other similar gatherings, some of which have eclipsed the parent meeting, both in the attendance and in the amount of the missionary offering. In all these conventions the supreme object is a deepening of the spiritual life of believers, and the impartation of positive blessing for spirit, soul and body. There is Bible teaching, the dissemination of missionary information, and the inspiring help of consecrated music; but above all there is unceasing effort to lead hnngryhearted people to a soul-satisfying experience of their privile~ in Christ through the power of the indwelling Holy Spirit. The

missionary offering at the close is always an expression of spiritual life and worship, and is free from strained appeal or mere emotions. Dr. Simpson fed the people with the Bread of Life and giving folloW/ed naturally. He never urged people to give upon the spur of the moment, but rather prayerfully to decide how much God :would have them pledge to send through the ycar. The conviction that has been behind these pledges is seen from the fact that over ninety-five per cent of them have been paid in full, and the total pledged at any convention is usually exoeeded by the actual receipts from those who were present. It is also significant that many of the great financial drives of recent years have adopted the methods first employed by Dr. ~ Simpson. The results that have followed the daring faith of this one man of God ar,e beyond computation. His example has inspired many other similar movements and has led to an increase of consecration, prayer and giving in Il!e'arly every corner of the globe. It has been estimated that during the Ylears of his service Dr. Simpson administered over six million dollars in foreign mission work. One hundred and eight main stations and four hundred out stations have been opened as Gospel centers in sixteen different mission fields, which contain over forty million people who depend upon this one agency for the Gosp/el of Christ. Over three hundred foreign missionaries and six hundred native workers are caring for one hundred and eighbeen organized churches· that have a present membership of over ten thousand adults, besides thousands of adherents. One hundred and fortyfive Sunday-schools have been established in these dark lands, in which seven thousand six hundred and eighty-three children are enrolled. There are now two hundred and sixty-one day schools with five thousand eight hundred and seVlenty-eight scholars, besides seven Bible Training Schools with one hundred and seventeen students, mainly 'young men, preparing to carry the Gospel to their own PlCople. The native church abroad gave two dollars and twenty-one cents per member during the past year, and the value of mission property in foreign lands is about half a million dollars. Not the least fruitful phase of Dr. Simpson's contribution to the missionary enterprise was the activity of his consecrated pen. Early in the eighties he founded the first of his illustrated magazines called, "The Gospel in All Lands." This was later sold to Rev. Eugene Smith and afterwards transflerred to the Methodist Episcopal Church, becoming a channel of much blessing in that denomination. The Alliance Weekly came after a few years with its never-failing uplift in the editorials. sermons and

FOUNDER OF THE CHRISTIAN AND MISSIONARY ALLIANCE

special articles of its versatile reditor. In 1893 Dr. Simpson toured the mission fields of the world and later took less extended trips which gave him first-hand knowledge of conditions abroad and led to the writing of books and vivid appeals that had a wide circulation. Perhaps the spiritual depth alld fervor that characterized the fifty-five years of his labors as a minister of the Lord Jesus Christ can best be seen in the hymns that poured from his burning heart. He wrote over three hundred songs, less than half of which have as yet appeal1ed in print. Among those of It missionary character that are fairly well known are "A Hundred Thousand Souls a Day," "Saving and Serving" and "Send Me Forth." The following might well be considered the spiritual biography of Dr. Simpson, since it breathes forth so much of his soLemn sense of responsibility and his passion for the lost.

MY TRUST Lord, Thou hast giv'n me a trust, A high and holy dispensation, To tell the world, and tell I must The story of Thy great salvation.

Thou might'st have sent from heaven above Angelic hosts to tell the story, But in Thy condescending love, On men Thou hast conferred the glory.

Thou hast commanded us to go, a never let our hearts betray Thee.

And Thou hast left an awful woe, On all who lightly disobey Thee; a let us feel and fear that woe, As we would guard our own salvation, And let us answer to that "go,"

As witnesses in every nation.

We are all debtors to our race; God holds us bound to one another; The giftis and blessings of His grace Were given thee to give thy brother.

We owe to ev'ry child of sin a One chance at least, for hope of heaven, by the love that brought us in, Let help and hope to them be given

A Message from Russian Women A heart-rending a~al has been sent to England by a Christian woman of Petrograd. The message does not suggest any possibility of human help, but is a call for intercessory prayer on the part of Christians everywhere. A few extracts from the message portray conditions in vivid terms: "Chil- dren-loving England, cast a glance on our children * * * Hundreds of them are daily dying of hunger, neglect and in- fectious diseases. But death is not the worst. Children- masses of them-are bribed by specially good food (most rare in these hard times), by flattery, over-indulgence, theatres, dancing, and other similar attractions to renounce God, never . utter His name, never pray, never go anywhere they can hear anything about Him except in blasphemy. Imagine a large company of children listening to the following speech-"Dear children, we have called you together to tell you that now everything is yours. You are the masters and have a right to all you see * * * You can take, use, do whatever you like.

and need not at all mind stealing, for you can always leave off" (Exact words ~tse,d.) *"" The schools are now mixed, morals indescribable, literature of the worst kind is distri- buted among the girls and boys, no supervisi<m, no restraint, no religion, proper teaching is set aside, and dancing put in its place. According to the latest decree parents have no right to keep their children at home! Communistic schools are to take them, keep them, educate them according to their views, and lest any should escape, babies will be taken from their mothers directly after their birth.

"The educated classes are doomed to extermination, and that object is pursued with relentless cruelty. Men of science and culture, delicate women, the aged and the youthful are constantly turned out of their homes with no means of sub- sistence. The universities are closed or at the point of ex- tinction, the students scattered. All expressions of opinion, all free action, all meetings and associations are forbidden. all initiative killed, the voice of conscience silenced, spies are hunting for their prey everywhere … >It * "A book and a weekly periodical are being circulated among the Russian people. The book, called THE RED GOS- PEL, is a caricature of our blessed Gospel and full of blas- phemous attacks !)n the Scripture. The periodical THE RED CHRIST bears the same character. Almost all other printed matter is prohibited or hidden out of sight 'It 'it 'It"

in Mohammedan

BY THE REV. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER, D. D., CAIRO, EGYPT Editor of The Moslem World and Author of "The Disintegration of Islam" Etc.

O NE of the faithful messengers of Jesus Christ among Mo- hammedans, Miss Jennie de Mayer of Samarkand, Central Asia, says that "this war's earthquake has thrown all the windows of the Moslem world wide open, and all the doors are off their hinges."

A new day has dawned in the Mohammedan world and it will be deeply interesting to see what the editorials of Calcutta and the editorials' of Bombay and Lucknow and Singaporte, of Tangier and Fez tell us concerning the conclusions at the Peace table. Around that Peace table not only the destinies of Poland and Russia and the Balkan States, and Germany and Austria and the Czecho-Slovaks, but the destiny of Syria, Palestine, Turkey, Mesopotamia, Arabia, Central Asia, Persia and Afghanistan are determined. Those lands that were closed with iron gates and bars of brass have been thrown wide open by the evrents of the war. The Prophet Isaiah had a distant yision when he said, "In that day there shall be a highway from Egypt to Assyria, and the Syrian shall worship with the Egyptian, and the Lord of Hosts shall say, 'Blessed be Egypt my people, and Syria, the work of my hands.' " His prophetic eye caught the Anzacs, and men from South Africa under General Smuts, from Wales and Scotland and England, driving the spikes and laying the rails for the road to transport General Allenby's army; caught the vision of the bridgre now spanning the Cana.l. and of the time when we can take the diner and sleeper from Cairo's Union Station to the new Jerusalem.

What a marvelous day, when on the battle field of Armageddon God calls together the western nations, with the Arabs as Allies, and drives into utter rout and confusion the strongest troops of Turkey, in order that the Cross of Ohrist may once more come to its own in the land where Jesus Christ gave His lif~ for the world.

There is not one country, froUl Morocco across to China, which has not experienced great changes because of the war, What was the chief opposition to the message of Christ among the Mohammedans of Java' The Dutch missionaries will tell uS that it was Stamboul. It was the hope in the hearts of these Javanese and Sumatran Mohammedans that the Sultan of Turkey would cOUle and wrest the Islands from the hands of the Dutch 273

and give them back to Mohammedan rule. That bubble is pricked, the house of cards has fallen; and the Javanese Mohammedans know that the Allies will decide where the Caliphate is to be.

Think of the result to Morocco. Before the war there was not a country in Africa so dark socially, morally, economically as Morocco. Travelers, missionaries and statesmen testify that it was the most hopeless spot in Africa. Yet it was only three and a half days from London or Paris! Then came the war, and God Almighty made the wrath of men to praise Him. He set the people free, and according to the testimony of the British Consul-General the advent of the French in Morocco has brought in a new era. Thev have constructed some five hundred miles of raIlway, and five hundred and sixty miles of good roads. They have established justice and law and order, they have quelled the internal revolts; and they have captured the hearts of these Mohammedan peoples, so that Moroccan men fought under the French flag in the trenches of France and Flanders.

Think what has taken place in Algeria and Tunisia, where Methodist missionaries have unfurled that Banner which shall never suffer loss. There the Algerian and Tunisian governments have given the Methodist Episcopal Church a charter to carry on their work-press, schools, hospitals-in order to establish in those Mohammedan lands the Kingdom of Jesus Christ, our Lord.

Egypt was a country of contradictions and with perplexing political questions, but the war cut the Gordian knot and established oYler the whole Nile Valley tIle righteous rule of Britain, whose flag stands for high principles'-the flag of St. George indicating devotion; and St. Patrick exemplifying the missionary spirit and St. Andrew, typifying chivalry.

Add to all these things the result upon Mohammedans. Pride, self-sufficiency, conceit are the greatest enemies to the Gospel of Jesus Christ. The old, old story never enters a man's heart when he puts up the adamantine wall of pride. God through this war has humbled the Moslem world. There is no place for arrogance or pride on our part. God has done it. He has plowed through their prejudices, He has plow.ed deep in all their lands. It is for us to carry the seed baskets, "weeping," and then some day we shall return bearing our sheaves with us.

What is the program that God desires to unfold in this new era of His grace~ It is a program for every department of mis- . sions, schools, hospitals, relief, everything, but not least and not last the message of the printed page. This war has proVlCd the awful power of a propagandism of lies and intrigue, and has also shown the benediction of truth and sobriety and kindness and love through the printed page and the written message. The Church of the Lord J eSLJS Christ, facin~ this B'reai w9rld of opportnnio/,

OPPORTUNITY IN MOHAMMEDAN LANDS

must enter these doors and establish everywhere the Christian press.

Therel are vast areas without any literature. The total litera- ture for Chinese Mohammedans, who number nearly fifteen mil- lions, could be held between the two fingers of my hand. We talk about a five foot shelf of learning. All the books that the Beirut press and the Nile Mission press have prepared for the pastors and leaders of Syria and the Nile Valley could be put on a three foot shelf. We have absolutelv stinted and starved this department of Chrit;;tian work. .

The great Mohammedan world needs a broad Christian litera- ture. They need the life of Christ, in popular form; they need.

biographies of leaders of the Christian Church, the lives of apostles and missionaries, that will inspire them to higher living. They need books of Christian poetry and science; they need books that are pure and wholesome for child life, they need everything in every department, that we find heaped up in our homes, and on the shelves of book stores. Oh, the poverty of the intellectual supply of Moslems! Oh, the poverty of that which we provide for the millions of readers that the new education is raising up in every land!

According to the census of India, nearly one million two hun- dred thousand children are now in government schools' and mission schools. When they graduate from these schools, what do we give them? Shall we turn them back to the old literature of heathenism and Mohammedanism? What sort of literature is that 1 The Koran, the life of Mohammed unexpurgated, and the unexpurgated Arabian Nights, or the erotic Arabic poetry.. That is typical of what is left, aside from commentaries and traditions of the Mos- lem faith. We create readers, and we must satisfy their appetites by giving them literature that is true and pUl'le and elevating.

We sing, "Oh, For a Thousand Tongues to Sing My Dear Redeemer's Praise." Do we mean it? The only way for us to have a thousand tongues, or ten thousand tongues, to sing our Great Redeemer's praise, is to use the printed page. In that way we can do it. Any message that has gone home, any prose or poetry, any book that is strong and manly and pure and whole- some, any book that hasl touched your heart, may be sent out on the wings· of the wind, through the printed page. This day of God and this world of God call for sacrificial obedience.

Fly abroad, thou mighty Gospel Win and conquer, never cease 'Till Mohammed's wide dominions Yield to Christ the Prince of Peace.

Indian Coolie in

BY REV. J. W. BURTON, B. A., MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA Conference Secretary for Australian Methodist Foreign Missions. For nine years missionary to the Indian population in Fiji; author of "The . Fiji of To-day," "The Call of the Pacific," etc.

O VER sixty thousand natives of India are in the Fiji I,SIand!!. The majority of these came originally to labor on the sugar plantations. As their terms of service have expired, many have settled permanently in the South Sea Islands and are now the most important element in the population. The are gradually taking the best lands from the aboriginal population, and the indications are that Fiji will eventually become, for the most part, an Indian Colony. Many of the former coolies ar~ now themselves employers, and most of the stores in native villages are owned by them. The climate sni~s them, and there are many opportunities of making money.

Until recently there has heen a system of "indenture" under which these laborers were employed. They were recruited principally in the Northwest provinces of India, and, after a preliminary medical examination, they were sent to Fiji. On arrival, they were apportioned to the various planters, whom they were obliged to serve for a term of five years, at the end of which period they became "free," and were expected to settle on the l~nd for a further term of five years. After this, if they so desired, they could return passage-paid to India.. The great majority, however, elected to remain in Fiji.

The conditions on the plantations were, on the whole, exceedingly bad. The wages were very low-too low to provide adequate food and clothing. The average earnings of the men were eleven pence per day and those of the women five pence. The employer was obliged to provide shelter, which took the form of coolie "lines" or long tarred barracks, divided into cubicles of eight feet by ten feet, in each of which three men, or a man, his wife and family, were placed. Often the sanitary conditions were indescribably bad and disease and wretchedness made havoc of human life. There was not only the minimum of comfort but less than the minimum of decency. It was an evil system, difficult of supervision, and lent itself to innumerable abuses, which have been exposed, time and again, by missionaries on the field. Commercial interests were strong, however, the government was pitifully weak, and voices of protest were almost unheeded.

The chief cause of the degradation of the people was not so much the low wages or the miserable accommodation, as the A MOHAMMEDAN MOULVI IN FIJI lewdness springing from the disproportion of the sexes. The Government regulations provided for only thirty-three women to every one hundred men, and, when the class from which these were chiefly recruited is considered, inevitably the sexual relations became unspeakably evil. One writer declared that the only morals in the coolie "lines" were those of the poultry yard; and, unfortunately, the horrible phrase was only too accurate.

Gradually information regarding the conditions in Fiji filtered through to India. The South African Indian question was still a scandal fresh in the minds of the people, and now public attention fastened upon an even worse state of things in Fiji. National pride was touched and a sense of indignation possessed the national leaders. They were, they declared, members of the great British Empire whose flag, it was proudly boasted, stood for liberty and equal justice; yet, under that very flag in the Crown Colony on Fiji, their own kinsmen were being enslaved and demoralized that the ruling race might make money. One result of the agitation was the appointment by the Indian government of a Commission which visited Fiji and suggested reforms. The system of indenture was, however, left unaltered, and this failed to satisfy Indian demands.

The Indian leaders, themselves, then appointed two independ-

ent in"estigaWrs, and in 1915 the Rev. C. F. Andrews, M. A. (author of "T~e Renaissance in India"), and the R~V'; W. W. Pearson1 M. A., B'. Sc. (late of the London Missionary oSociety), visited Fiji. Their rel'Jort to the Indian members of the Viceroy's Council WIlS a scathing indictment of the whole indenture system and made every trwil-hearted Britisher ashamed. It was shown that the life of the coolie "line" was primarily responsible for the degradation and alarming immorality of the people. The pUblication of this report led eventually to the abolition of the system.

It is often urged by the planters and sugar companies, in extenuation ()f the miserahle accommodation provided, that the Indians, when they finish their term of indenture, invariably build still more wretched hovels for themselves; but the real point is thus missed. When the Indian settles on the land he may put up a very mean hom(! for himself, but there is no longer the promiscuous herding together of married and unmarried peO'ple, as in the "lines"; there is family life and this has its own sanctities and healthfulness. It is the promiscuous herding together of good and bad which is the real menace to moral life. Let us quote from the report of Messrs. Andrews and Pearson: "We cannot forglt our first sight of the coolie 'lines' in Fiji. The looks on the faees of the men and the women alike told one unmistakable tale of vice. The sight of young children in such surroundings was unbearable to us. And, again and again, as we went from one plantation to another, we saw the sam~o umnistakable look. It told us of a moral disease which was eating into the heart and life of the people.

"What else could be expected? Indian villagers, who have lived the communal life of their own lndian homes, are first taken away, one from here and one from there, by the recruiting agents. They are completely separated from all their own ties and associations. Then they are crowded together on board the great emigrant ships, where decency can hardly be preserved, and every temptation is rife. Lastly, in Fiji itself, they are crowded again into the coolie 'lines,' which are more like stables than human dweIJings; and there they are forced by law to remain, away frorn every restraint of custom or religion, during a period of five yeRrs. 'Vhat else could be expected 7 But that little children should UP, born and brought up in this!"

The saddest feature is not that the "lines" themselves are ;such hot-beds of vice, but that contamination has spread to practically the whQle population-spreading even among the native Fijian people.

"We had at first supposed that these corrupt morals of the "lines' would be thrown off, in a great measure, by a healthy reaetion, as soon as the Indian became a free man. In Natal, this had

1920J THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI

been the case, and we had seen with our own eyes fairly healthy family life springing up in the numerous tiny frnit farms around Durban, where free Indians lived.

But we found things far more un- satisfactory in Fiji. There, the morals of the coolie' lines' had be- come ingrained in the free popu- lation. As one Indian explained the matter to us : 'Sahib.' he said, 'our women have lost all shame; they change their husbands as they change their dress.' An abominable trafficking in young girls was prevalent, which the law seemed unable to check. It was a common thing for a father to sell his daughter to one man, allowing the betrothal ceremony to be per- formed, and then to sell her to an- other. Divorces were equally com- mon. Women left their husbands for the sake of jewelry and went to live with other men. They seemed to do just what they pleased, and to live just as they liked. Castes and religions were mixed together in a common jum- A FRE}; INDIAN GIRL IN FIJI ble. Hindu girls were sold in marriage to Mohammedans and vice versa. Sweepers' children were sometimes married to Brahmans. If this admixture had been due to enlightened motives of humanity and in accordance with conscience, all might have been well. But it was just the reverse-a matter of greed and lust. As if to make the evil more deep-seated, the Government had done its best to banish Hindu and Mohammedan religious marriage altogether from the land.

Indian-Christian marriage shared the same fate in the eyes of the law. A Christian minister of religion, Mr. Bavin, who performed the ceremony of marriage for two Indian Christians in Church, was prosecuted for committing an illegal act!"

No wonder that when the wrongs of these people were made known to their cOlllltrymen in India there Wll-S an outcry. The vernacular press flamed in indignation, while throughout the provinces mass meetings were held. Even naturally shy and

retiring Indian women took the platform. Mrs. Sarojini Naidu lashed a. great audience into fury with her hot words of wrath: "Wealth! "What is wealth to usT Power! What is power to us? Glory! What is glory to us T How shall the wealth Rnd power and glory of a nation be founded save on the immutable honor of the womanhood T Are we going to leave to posterity a wealth got with dishonorT Are we going to leave to the unborn generations a sorrow and shame that we have not been able to wipe out1 Men of India, rather. the hour of doom struck than that after tonight you should live to say: 'We heard the cries and yet we were deaf. We heard the call for help, but we had not the courage. We felt in our hearts the challenge to our national honor and yet we. were cowards.' If, after tonight, men of India, if .after tQnight, I say, it is possible for the most selfish interests to use 'the humanity of India to enrich, almost as a manure, the sugar plantations of the Colonies, if it is possible, I~ay, to let the forces of this greatest evil on earth daunt you, you are not only unworthy' and degenerate sons of our mothers, whose name stood for glory in the past, but you are murderers of national honor and national progress. . . . . "I have come today to speak, but I think the fire within me is so strong that it bids me be silent, because words are so weak. I feel within me today the anguish that has been from year to year the lot of those women who had better be dead. I feel within me the shame, the inexpressible, the immeasurable, the inalienable shame, gentlemen, that has brought the curse of the indenture system to our women. And who is responsible, men of India, for this, that our men should have to go abroad for bread' Why is not your patriotism sufficient to have resources enough to give bread tQ them who go to seek bread abroad 1 Why is not your patriotism. so vigilant, so strong, and so aU comprehensive, that you are able to guard the ignorance of them that go abroad, not merely to death-for death, gentlemen, is tolerable-but to dishonor. Ours has been the shame, because ours has always been the responsibility. . . . That mark of crime is written here on us, because we have no destiny apart from our sisters. Our honor is indivisible, so must be our dishonor. That is, our destiny is one, and whether for glory or for shame, we share alike. And we women who give our sons to the country, we cannot endure our sons to think that their mothers belong to a generation, part of whose motherhood was dishonored.

"Have I not said enough to stir your blood? Have I not said enoug:p. to kindle within you such a conflagration that must not merely anuihilate the wrongs of the indenture system, but recreate in the crucible of a new stirring, a new purpose, a new unity of self-respect, that will not sleep, that will not rest, that will be, a

THE INDIAN COOLIE IN FIJI

sword to avenge, that will be a fire to burn 7 . . . Is national righteouslless possible, when the chastity of your womanhood is assailed! Is national righteousness possible, when the men of India sit still and see such crimes 1 Is national righteousness possible, till every man amongst you becomes a soldier of the cause, a devotee, a fanatic, everything and anything which means destruction of the wrong and triumph of the righU"

The indenture system is broken. It belongs to an inhuman and callous past. It is "The record of disgraces best forgotten, A sullen page in human chronicles Fit to erase."

• In 1921 every Indian in Fiji will be free I But while the system is gone, the evils remain. The one bright spot in the sad picture has been the seemingly hopeless attempt of a few lonely missionaries to help this people. "It is the work of missionaries like these," says the report, "struggling against overwhelming odds, that had saved the whole Indiau community from falling to the lowest level of ignorance and vice." But there is much yet to be done. The only hope of a radical and permanent cure of this diseased life is with the Good Physician. He is theirs as much as ours. The best atonement we can make for ~he well·nigh irreparable wrongs we have inflicted on this people is to give them, in a great spirit of humility and sympathy, the mC:!'1sage of Jesus, their Kinsman and ours.

IS IT NOTHING TO YOU THAT one-third the world is still illiterate, ignorant of true health, and beyond the reach of medical skill?

THAT the most far-reaching movements in human history are now taking place, affecting three-fourths of the human race?

THAT the thirst for Western education has gripped the Far East with a startling rapidity, breaking down age-long traditions as to womanhood and caste, and sending to school in Japan a larger propor- tion of children of school age than in any other land? Soon 50,000,000 will be at school in China.

THAT doors hitherto locked and barred are now "off the hinges,"

with the literati of China ready to hear the gospel message, and in the mass movements of India, scores of thousands turned away from the Church because of no teachers to instruct them?

THAT America is growing rich at the rate of about nine millions a day, the wealth of Protestant church members in America alone being estimated at $23,000,000,000?

THAT not one-half of these church members give to support a local church, nor are they helping financially or otherwise enlisted in any active Christian work?

THAT Jesus Christ, the great Captain, waits, with the banner of the Cross in His hands, for His people, whom He has so richly blessed, to follow His lead? -The Missionary Intelligencer.

A Chinese Christian

BY REV. JONATHAN GOFORTH, D. D., CHANGTE, HONAN, CHINA Missionary of the Canadian Presbyterian Church GENERAL FENG YU HSIANG was born of poor parents in An-Hui province thirty-seven years ago. Floods swept away all they had and the family, in beggary, went north to Paoting-fu. The boy had no early school advantages, and at about eighteen he entered the Chinese Army as a private. With rare common sense and a splendid physique, he so applied himself that he does not seem to lack in education, and is now learning English.• In 1900 when Feng Yu Hsiang was a raw recruit at Paoting-fu he first came in contact with a missionary who was on a street of that city preaching from the text, "If they smite you on the right cheek, etc., or, if they take away your outer garment, let them have the inner one also."

"I did not like that doctrine," said he, "so to test it I s1,J.ouldered·the missionary's table and started off with it; but the missionary did not practice what he preached, and clung to the table till I had to let him have it."

The first time his conscience was stirred was that same ·year at the American Board compound in the south suburb of Paoting-fu. The Boxers were there to kill the missionaries and the Christians, and Miss Morrell was at the gate pleading for their lives.

"I have saved many of your people when they came to me sick," said she; "Cannot their saved lives be put to our credit and ours spared f" When she found that plea would not move the Boxers, she said: "Let me die for the others; slay me, but spare them." This moved the men to tears, with the exception of the young hotheads among them, so that the missionaries were allowed to escape through the back gate. A Boxer leader named Wang, however, overtook and slew them. General Feng said the Government troops were ordered to march to the north suburb where the Presbyterian missionaries were about to be massacred, but were commanded not to interfere with the Boxers-only to look on and return and report that they could not restrain them. He saw the Simcoxes, the Hodges, and Dr. Taylor burned in their houses and all this made an. impression upon him so deep that the blood of 1hese martyrs became the seed of a new life in him. Later, while stationed near Peking, he had a very bad ulcer. He sought the adviCe of two Chinese doctors, and each of them asked sixty dollars to heal it. He then went to a missionary hospital, and when cured asked how much he would have to pay.

282 . The do.ctor said, "Nothing; only I want you to remember that God in heaven loves you, and sent me to heal you." That saying t;nade a deep impression upon the mind of Feng Yu Hsiang.

In the plague year, when a lieutenant, he was stationed at Hain Men Tien in Manchuria, and the missionary doctor inoculated him against plague. When asked how much he would have to pay, the doctor astonished him by saying almost the same as the other foreign doctor had said some years before.

In the year 1912 when he had been promoted to the rank of Major and was stationed at Peking, he attended meetings held by John R. Mott and was converted. He was appointed to attend Pastor Liu's class for Bible Study. At that time a severe testing came. His elder brother turned bad and took another woman as wife, threatening to shoot his real wife. This made the Major furious, and he vowed to settle with his brother. But the time came for his Bible Class, and the subject proved to be, "Vengeance is mine, I will repay, saith the Lord." Then, as if to test him to the uttermost, his elder brother sent him a letter of defiance and a challenge to fight.

"It was my Heavenly Father who sent me the message of forgiveness just in time to save me," said the General. "Had it not been for that, I would have gone to my brother; and either I would have killed him or he would have killed me. With the Word of God in my heart, I took no notice of my brother's defiance, but sent by the hand of a friend a hundred dollars and a letter saying, if he needed more to set up in business, I would let him have it. My brother was so astonished at this treatment that he put away the bad woman, and was reconciled to his wife. "

At the time of the clash between North and South, Major Feng had been promoted to Brigadier-General and had an independent command in Sze-Chuan. On one occasion he attempted to take a strong position, but on account of his artillery ammunition running short, he had to retreat. Securing supplies, he renewed the attack, turned the position, and smashed the only bridge across the river, leaving the southern force at his mercy. They threw down their arms and surrendered. The· General ordered ten dollars to be given to each officer and five dollars to each private, and sent them home. He said, "the amazed Southerners fell all around weeping, then arose and went home. "

Last year when a northern force came to grief at Ch'ang-te-fu; in Hunan Province, General Feng was sent to retake the city. As he drew near to it, he sent a note by two missionaries to the southern commander saying, "I have orders to take the city, and will take it. You just leave it and go south and avoid loss of life." The southern leader took the hint and moved all his force south fifty miles. General Feng entered Ch'ang-te-fu and established

himself there. All bad women were ordered to leave the city. within three days. All gambling dens and theatres were closed. – The theatres were turned into schools, workshops and preaching halls. The opium and morphia hells were closed and the owners fined. One Chinese morphia dealer was fined seven thousand dol- lars, but his Japanese partner escaped. The people were in dread of the northern soldiers, but so many of the 9,000 had become Christians that perfect safety reigned.

No smoking, drinking, bad language, or gambling is allowed among General Feng's men. For nine days I was everyhere among the men and never saw any smoking, nor smelled the fumes of drink Mr. Caswell of the Canadian Holiness Mission said he had been among the men for a year and had never heard a bad word. Soldiers of Christian lands, take note! Some years ago, the Gen- eral thrashed one of his colonels for going to a house of ill fame. The colonel has since been converted.

The General does not want his men to turn bandits when they leave the Army, and took us to see his factories whieh he has provided for them. There we saw scores of knitting machines, on which all the socks for the army were made. Dozens of sewing machines were used for making clothes. There were looms weaving towels, etc., in addition to bookbinding, rattan chair making, etc. The soldiers· working at these trades were all around forty years of age.

We' went with the General to inspect the barracks. It was astonishing to find a place in China without offensive smells and filth. Every bed was clean. Each man had a mosquito net. Every gun, bayonet, strap and buckle shone. Their Bibles and hymn books were ne~tly piled up with their military books. Officers in neat athletic suits were called out to let us see what they could do in the way of athletic drill. Their feats on the horizontal bars, and in the obstacle race were remarkable. The buckles the officers wore on their athletic suit belts were won as prizes on route marches. One led his company and made forty miles in seven hours. The General's control over his men seems absolute. They would die for him. He calls them his "boys" and is like a father to them.

General Feng has established an opium and morphia refuge into which he puts all opium or morphia users he can catch among the seven or eight million Hunanese over whom he rules. Some- thing would happen if such a man got control in some of the booze districts of our Christian lands.

The General supplies his men with religious books and has bought as many as 500 New Testaments at a time. He says he cannot get enough catechisms; at present three men have to study from one. He has made a catechism on military morale with many

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN GENERAL 28S

Bible thoughts in it and all of the 9,000 men can repeat this on the instant. lIe believes in a Christianity built on knowledge.

I said to him, "General, the great need of your men is Bible Study."

"1 feel it," he replied, "and commission you when you go north to the provinces where my men come from to urge the missions to send me some of their best Bible teac.hers; and I will pay their expenses and so arrange the drills of the men that they may have fresh companies of men for Bible classes every hour in the day." I never saw men so eager to study the Bible. One evening a list of eighty-six names of men who wanted to study was sent me, and the General arranged that they should meet next morning at six 0 'clock. At the time a:ppointed, instead of 86 there were hundreds, almost filling the theatre. The General telegraphed for my wife to come and teach the 70 or 80 officers' wives and paid ~l our expenses.

When at Tao-Yuan, our first main morning meeting was at seven 0 'clock. It was raining, but Major Wen and about one hundred of his men who were ready for baptism marched in ten miles and were in time for the service. 1 asked the Major what proportion. of his men had turned to Christianity. He replied that nine out of every ten were on the ,Lord's side. It is little to be wondered at, for the Major seems to be on fire for God, and his men cannot help following his lead.

Another reason why I believe the Christianity of these soldiers is genuine is that they gave such a hearty response to searching truth. Mter each address, I left the meeting open for prayer; and the higher officers commenced confessing their sins. After the address on "Break up the fallow ground and sow not among thorns," many confessed freely. Finally the General said, "If we did not believe this message came to us from our Father in Heaven, would we stand it f Here a man from another land comes and lays all our faults and sins bare; and we are not angry, but convicted. I am sure you all feel as I do. I am convicted through and through. If our earthly parents saw our evil ways were ruining us and came and warned us, we would surely heed them; how much more should we pay heed 'When God, our Father in Heaven, has sent His servant in this great heat to warn us. Comrades, you can all go to heaven and dwell with God; but you cannot hope to enter there while you retain these evil weeds in your hearts."

On the fifth night, the General commenced to pray, but soon broke down. He wept and confessed his own and his country's sins. Sounds of weeping could be heard from his men all over the building. Oolonel Lu followed saying that his sins were even more than

had been mentioned. The tears streamed dow; the face of one of the staff officers as he prayed, and so it was with others. At the close he plead with all to consecrate themselves to the service of the Lord Jesus Christ.

During the two and a half days at Tao-Yuan, there was the same whole-hearted response. At times men were confessing and pleading with God in tears. Once Major Wen in tears seemed amazed at the boundless love of God in Christ. That God could spare such wrath-deserving sinners seemed too wonderful "In our impenitent state," he said, "we were in as great jeopardy as a man riding a blind horse along the edge of a precipice."

A young captain burst out crying in prayer, and said he bad reviled the cause of Jesus Christ and had ridiculed' his General for believing in Christ. Afterwards, the General showed that he was greatly delighted over this confession. He said, "The captain is a bright scholar, but wouldn't look at the BIble, he so detested the cause of Jesus. One day while I was reading the Bible, he came and stood near me and said, 'General, everything you. say and do we aU approve of, and we admire your wisdom; but we cannot understand one so wise in other things taken up with such an absurd book as that.' In fu~ I thrust out to grasp him, but he fled away laughing; and now to think the Spirit of God has made him bend like that." When the officers later came up for baptism, this captain passed about the best examination.

One more reason why we think the Christianity of these military leaders is the New Testament kind is that they are not content to win for the Lord the nine thousand men of their little army; but while we were there the General and his officers formed themselves into an evangelistic band to save the people of the district in which they are stationed. The first item in the list of rules is that each officer will strive to bring at least one of the chief men of the city to Christ by the end of the year.

These men seem to have a faith in God as simple and direct as a little child. Some months ago, when all crop prospects seemed blasted by dronght, the General assembled the people and called upon all the priests and priestesses, both Taoist and Buddhist, to pra,y for rain. They were in consternation and hopeless confusion as they begged off. Then the General and his officers prayed to the God of heaven; and not long afterward there was a great rain.

Where the General controls, no one need be ignorant of the Way ~f Life. The seventy or eighty officers' wives, for the most part, could not read; so General Feng started a school for them and brought down from the North a lady graduate to teach them. During the time Mrs. Goforth proclaimed the Gospel to them many pmfessed to believe in the Lord Jesus Christ as their Saviour.

A CHINESE CHRISTIAN

The spread of the Gospel among the 9,000 men comprising this force is amazing. Less than' eight years ago, the General and aU his men were heathen; now the leaders assure us that eight out of ten believe. It seems as if they are turning to the Lord almost by regiments. About five hundred were baptized a few months ago, and now I have baptized 507. When I baptized 275 of these at Tao-Yuan, of whom 39 were officers, it seemed to me I had never before taken part in a service so impressive, solemn and wonderful. After singing, Mr. Caswell led in prayer. I explained the meaning of baptism, basing my remarks on Matt. 3:11 and 28 :18. Then the General read out about fifteen names, and they came and stood before the platform, where I baptized them, praying that their Saviour would baptize them with the Holy Ghost and fire. .As soon as the last one was baptized, Colonel Chang at the organ with his choir started a verse of "0 happy day that fixed my choice oli Thee, my Saviour and my God". As each squad was baptized, it was the same, or varied by "Oh, come to my heart, Lord Jesus; there is room in my heart for Thee." Three times during the baptismal service the General knelt on the platform and poured out his heart in prayer for his men, even to tears. , It was a busy day, for we began the officers' prayer meeting at 6 :30 a. m. At seven, we had the first main meeting; and at its (llose we' had breakfast. Then at 10 a. m. we had our second main meeting. As soon as that closed, we began to examine the candi- dates for baptism. Along with the General and a Chinese evangelist, I examined 39 officers; and Mr. Caswell, along with a Colonel and a Chinese evangelist, examined the non-commissioned officers and men. W1e spent three hours at the examination, and then com- menced the baptismal service which lasted two and a half hours.

The General and his men only take two meals a day, so he had our second meal prepared to eat on the launch as we journeyed down the river to Ch 'ang-te-fu at about 5 0 'clock.

Next day, at Ch'ang-te-fu, I baptized 232 officers and non- commissioned officers. The conduct of the service was the same as at Tao-Yuan. At the close, I said, "Now, men, you have confessed the Lord Jesus Christ by baptism. Suppose persecution again broke out as in 1900. I have on my body the marks of Boxer swords, and many of your countrymen died for Jesus that year.

If such persecution as that arose, would you slink off quietly and not own your Saviour ¥"

We can never forget that mighty response, when hundreds shouted, "Never! We will die for Him."

Whereunto will this thing grow~ Among 9,000 soldiers there are 1",000 already baptized; and of them three-fourths are leaders.

A missionary told me that several months ago he baptized 89 .o.1Iicers. There was one among them, a captain, who ra8s~d SQ

poorly in his examination that he hesitated about receiving lrim. Since then that officer has won sixty of his men to the Lord.

The people of Hunan see Christianity in operation around them, and that from the most unlikely source, the soldiers. The chief women of the city are asking to be allowed to attend the school for officers' wives. All fear of the northern soldiers has vanished, and the people wish the General might rule over the whole Province.

The General '8 wife was formerly very fond of gambling, and was glad to have a few provinces separating her from her husband. He sent for her, and she came and had to give up her evil ways, at least outwardly. She chafed under it but now seems converted. One evening she came with her husband to supper at Mr. Caswell's. The General was telling us how fierce and exacting his temper was before the Lord got control of his life. He said if his wife came and put down a cup of tea over carefully he found fault and scolded her, and if she put it down carelessly he reviled and beat her. Then looking across the table at her, he asked, "Have I ever reviled or beaten you since the Lord got controU"

She replied, "No, certainly not."

Every morning we had a prayer meeting with the Gen~ral and his principal officers. Once the subject was Matt. 18 :19 and 20. I put the question, "Brethren, what is the deepest desire of your hearts 7 Please state them before we go to prayer."

The General said, "My greatest wish before God is that every one of my nine thousand men may turn to the Lord." Colonel Lu said, "Mine is that we may have grace given us to live lives so genuine that we will commend this salvation of the Lord Jesus to all men." Colonel Li said, "That not only all China, but all the world, may accept Christ." Colonel Chang said, l' That God may use our brigade to convert all the soldiers of China." And so on did the requests come in. Then the General and the three Colonels, among others, led in prayer.

It is said that a few months ago orders came to attack the southern party, but Generals Feng and Wu refused, saying, "We are ready to go and attack the enemies of our country, the Japanese; but we will not kill our Chinese brothers."

May unceasing prayer go up for General Feng and his men, and for General Wu and his men too; for it seems as if the Saviour's ideal in John 7 :37-39 is being attained among these soldiers. A river of the Water of Life with flood tide volqme i~ flowing there. Give thanks and take ~'ijrage.

from Medical

GLOWING NEEDLES ..

Three of four weeks after Miss Laurie, our new nurse, arrived in Shanghai, she received an enthusiastic note from Therese, a young French girl she had met on the steamer, inviting us to din- ner. Therese had come out to be married but did not like the man, and had found a position to teach in one of the schools in French- town. The princ1pal, a rich widow, had taken a great fancy to her and had invited her to live with her.

When we entered the salon we found Madame Rounger sur- rounded by the other guests. She was a handsome woman of prepossessing appearance, attractively dressed in black. As soon as the introductions were over, she drew me aside.

"Therese says you are a physician, though it is hard to be- lieve. You look about eighteen. Nevertheless she assures me it is so. Pray forgive me if I trouble you. Just a moment ago my table boy came to me in great consternation saying that his only son was having a convulsion. I ordered him to immerse the child at once in a hot mustard bath. May I beg you to come to see him 1 I shall feel more comfortable through dinner."

"Certainly, " I answered, "I shall be very glad to see the child." Madame Rounger e~C'used herself from her guests and led me- through the back hall along a covered corridor, to the semi- detached servants' quarters in the rear. On the second floor the doors of a row of cell-like rooms opened upon a narrow porch. j1–rom the corner room came the sound of cnfused and excited talk. The small space was crowded with jabbering women and hoys. The sick child, a boy about ten, had just been taken out of the mustard bath and put to bed. "Let us turn they all out but his mother," I insisted. "1'he child must be kept quiet. " Madame Rounger and I pushed the women out by their shoulders. Ve got them as far as the doorway where they massed them- selves, following my every motion with their beady, curious eyes, as I made a quick examination of the child. Madame Rounger was able to supply me with the simple remedies that were needed, and after half an hour's work, I left the child sleeping quietly. As Madame and I left the room the Chinese squeezed in behind us . like an irresistible tide of water, eddying and flooding the land.

–;:S;i;ted by Miss Belle M. Brain and condensed and adapted from HMy Chinese Days/' by Gulieltna F. Alsop. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1918.

The dinner was delicioulil and afterwards we scattered through the wide salon to drink our coffee. Suddenly a shrill scream startled us. I sprang to my feet.

"The little boy," I cried and ran from the room.

Scream after scream filled the air, the wild, terrified scream- ing of a child in sharp pain. I ran quickly along the corirdor and up the stairs. The door of the child's room was blocked with fig- ures. I pounded at the shoulders of the nearest and pushed at them till they moved aside and let me pass. For half a moment, frozen with horror, I'paused on the threshold.

The child, naked, was lashed to the bed with his arms out- stretched along the footboard. His head was thrown back, and his eyes glared wildly at the people. Trickles of blood were run- ning down the calves of his legs and dripping from his forearms.

In the air was the nauseous odor of burnt Besh. An old priest in a hideously dirty robe sprang up from the Boor and thrust a red-hot needle through the child's leg. The boy writhed and screamed with pain.

I ran to him and jerked the burning needle out of his Besh and began pulling out the other needles that were stuck at random in his arms and legs. The Chinese behind me pulled a,t me and tried to catch my hands. The old priest broke into a torrent of threats and insults. The needles I had plucked out still glowed, red-hot, on the Boor. I faced the Chinese angrily. They began to remember that I was a foreigner within the settlement, and they only toler- ated aliens. One by one they slunk awal till only the priest was left bending over the charcoal fire, muttering maledictions on the white woman. I cut the thongs and loosed the child. He seemed to know that I was his deliverer, for he clung to me in frantic terror, sobbing and screaming.

Madame Rounger appeared in the doorway. She turned out the old priest without ceremony and scolded her servants energetically.

"You shall go if you have any more of your heathen practices in my house," she said. "How often have I told you you cannot do such things. Yon are not fit to have a child. "

"But, Madame," stammered the terrified servant, "the devil have catchee my son. Must makee drive away. No can lose one only son. Must makee drive away, must piercee with burning needles.

No can help. Mustdo."

The Chinaman began to cry. He was torn between a thousand fears of the evil spirits, of the strange white woman, of the burning needles. I soothed the child whose sleek little black head lay trust- ingly against my shoulder and felt that nothing could make me give up my work in China.

Methods for Christian American·

ization EDITED BY MRS. E. C. CRONK, 45 W. 18TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY AMERICANIZATION NOT ENOUGH was the problem. It has come to be a fairly well established principle Howard R. Gold that the way to the heart of a new OF LATE there is abroad in American is through his native America a great hue and cry, "Americanized" brother. So it was the gist of which is variously inter- Dr. Zahnizer's custom to travel with preted, but most often in the term a staff of foreign-born speakers, Rus- "Americanization." The churches go sian, Polish, Slovak, Italian, etc., a bit further, calling for "Christian first himself addressing a composite Americanization" in no uncertain audience and later separating the voice, and backing the demand for meeting into racial groups, each to the fruitful experience of genera- be addressed in its native tongue tions. As a sort of liasion officer by one of the staff. As Chairman between the Interchurch World of the general meeting he usually Movement and the Home Missions chose the factory physician, as a Council I combine field research man enjoying the confidence of both for new programming with observa- employers and employees. tions of on-going- work of the The Russian speaker, Mr. ~os. churches. Let rile illustrate the car- Wellenteichek, experienced the JOY dinal methods by which we maJ' hope sn one occasion of concrete testito "Christianize America" by per- mony to the value of the rallies. sonal observation, learned through .The red flag was figuratively unletters, or obtained by an assistant furled in his meeting when two Russlipping away from the office for a sians, whom the mill doctor branded visit to those who have chosen the as the worst in' town, opposed to better part and are busy with folks Government and absolutely violent, instead of things. made several attempts to interrupt ON THE TRAIL WITH PROPAGANDA and challenge him. Finally he Take the' platform publicity cam- quieted them by a promise to answer paign-actively engaged in by the any questions they had or listen to Church, and with tangible results. anything they had to say when· he Dr. C. R. Zahnizer, Secretary of had finished his address, if they the Pittsburgh Council of the would hear him through. As he Churches of Christ, last summer went on the men were much imconducted "Reconstruction Rallies" pressed because a representative of in towns about Pittsburgh, address- the churches in Pittsburgh was talking foreign-speaking audiences from ing· to them just as if he was one the factories and industries, and of them. In Russia they had been preceding his advent with a variety accustomed only to be given orders of posters and bulIetins. or to be addressed roughly by the priests and churchmen. There came to the leaders of the meeting that gathered in response to When the meeting was over, some twenty men remained for discussion, such invitations a feeling at once of among them the two extremists. inspiration and respon~ibility. To There was a free exchange of quessatisfy the longing and the ques- tions and views and then suddenly tioning in those hundreds of alien Dr. Zahnizer, waiting in the offing faces-that was the appeal. To lead with the factory doctor, found himtheir aspirations and their thinking into constructive channels-there 291

self gripping hands with humbled their life. In the second instance anarchy' and listening to broken Eng- we try to bring about Americanizalish that was sweet to a weary ear: tion along Christian lines." "We think you right. Law way is He sends a program of their best way. No good come by the weekly activities. They are numerviolence. When Mr. Wellenteichek ous and varied in character: Roumanian prayer meeting come again we get big crowd to Boys' Club hear him speak." The physician Women's sewing class turned to Dr. Zahnizer and said, The Kahoindor Club, girls 12 to 16 "This is the most remarkable thing Boy Scouts Troop, No. 6 I have witnessed in many a day. Workers' Conference We were afraid of these men. If Mothers' meeting Day Nursery your meeting has done nothing else Free clinics than to get just that acknowledg- Personal interviews ment from them, it has been a won- Negro Girls' Sewing Class derful success." Children's happy hour Negro Scouts Pansy Club, girls SOWING THE SEED OF RIGHT Hungarian prayer meeting LIVING Industrial School for boys and girls Popular patriotic meetings It is to this type of responsive Community singing foreigner that the Gospel can be Legal aid department.

brought and brought effectively. He Here is a word from Mr. Rollo is a dangerous man only because he Speer: is a thinking man. Weeds and "In the Boys' clubs I am stress- flowers will spring from the same ing the matter of clean living, work- soil. In this connection the church ing in connection with the Anti- neighQorhood center is a veritable Cigarette League. The boys are hot-house of good citizens and given a pin which designates them as Christian Americans. Practically all boys who are putting up a fight for of the larger Protestant denomina-· right living and they respect that but- tions are engaged in definite social ton."

service work radiating from the "In the girls' clubs the women neighborhood house. The Katherine workers are teaching better living by House of Christian Fellowship, a means of the neatness and cleanli- newly-developed Baptist "Christian ness with which they do their sew- Center" in Indiana Harbor, is one ing."

of many similar institutions, but it is "The men are learning to· come to typical and it is already productive. us with many personal and business * * * In the heart of a population that is matters to talk over. In this way 82 per cent negro and foreign-born, one has an opportunity to – * * * it serves at least twelve races-Ar- help in shaping their lives."

menian, Croatian, Greek, Rouma- "A legal aid department nian, Slovak, Spanish, Swedish, is helping with such matters as do Swiss, Mexican, Polish, Serbian and not require the attention of an attor- Lithuanian. ney and often keeping the people Rev. Rollo C. Speer, Director of out of the clutches of unscrupulous Men and Boys' Work, succinctly lawyers who rob them unmercifully."

states the· general formula for the From his English classes Mr.

work: "The nature of our work can Speer has sent this story. Note his be summed up in the phrase 'Chris- thought on sounding the religious tian Social Service and Americani- note in this work.

zation.' Our aim is in the first in- "In our English classes we use stance to be friends with our immi- avowedly Christian material and grant neighbors and enter as largely make no apology for it. I have as we may into their problems and found Mrs. Mary Barnes' book

BEST METHODS

'Early Stories and Songs' very help- . there are now five of these: centers ful for beginners and the books of in Newark and the Fresbyterians Dr. Peter Roberts good for more feel that they have just begun.

advanced work. 1 have found the This is a strictly denominational men glad to hear the finer things undertaking. The development of of life in connection with their Eng- one center is rather typical of the lish lessons. Tonight (am writing rest. First a Deaconess, a trained this at the close of a busy day) we social worker, undertook a tour of studied the meaning of the Golden investigation of a crowded Newark district. A real need for Christian Rule for our English lesson. In the latter half of the hour I had the men work being discovered, she set to compose some ofligi:nal sentences. work to find headquarters. The first floor of an old house was finally One of them, a young Croatian, rented at $13 a month and a sewing class started. Some thirty-five boys wrote these sentences as I am giving and girls, veritable hoodlooms, atthem to you. 1 make no apology tended subsequent classes and also the Sunday-school which was shortly for their faults. Of course they were inaugurated. Gradually families becorrected. came interested, the men asked for a "'A good man does not makes the trouble.

"'A kind man talks to you nice. "'Evil man is no good for nothing.

"'I would be thankful for a man who preaching service. Today there is does something good for me. in this district a regularly constituted " 'Jesus is merciful for us. church, with elders, deacons, deacon- .. 'We should be obey the taw. esses, a minister, an assistant, a .. 'It is no good for a man who have congregation of 150, a Sunday-school many children. of 200, and a building said to be the best for Italian work by Protest- .. 'We sbould pray God.' ants in the State of New Jersey. "1 wonder if one may read a The church workers are all foreign- born but English-speaking. Some goodly portion of the philosophy of financial support comes. from the Presbyterian Board, but in the mat-· their life from it! I think it is a ter of running expenses the church great misfortune to teach the full is self-governing, supported by the contributions of the members. At grown men English by means of the present the congregation is paying the interest on a $4,000 mortgage. silly books' too sochftoeonlsfou*nd*in *PubWliec School night The social service activities are in line with those conducted at the lose a golden opportunity if in those Katherine House, and similar de- days when the new light of the Eng- lish language breaks on them we do not give them the thing which has made the English language the great force it is, the religion of Jesus Christ."

A CHURCH EXTENSION PROJECT nominational institutions, and are From Newark, New Jersey, where quite as extensive. The distinction 75% of the population is foreign- would seem to be that where these born, comes a clear echo to this ring- houses serve a community socially ing conviction. Here, ten years ago, and accept as the fruits of their the Presbyterians launched a plan labor general community betterment for work among immigrants, which or single instances of conversion the scorns to shirk the religious duties "Friendly Centers" are primarily for involved. Distinctive as a type of organizing a church carrying their combined friendly visiting" social social work simply as a part of the service and straight church work, it church program. Thus three of goes bv a name which established its the five centers have already devel- success from the outset. Who would oped into churches and a fourth is not warm to a "Friendly Center"? well alonK the same road. .

Apparently the appeal is strong, for The "Friendly Centers" are the

children of Dr. Davis W. Lusk, value of the personal touch cannot Superintendent of the Presbytery of be over-estimated. To "love thy Newark, and he is frankly and cour- neighbor" is the point, and it is good ageously for the Christian approach to see Christian people on all sides to the new American. The Friendly rise to meet a Christian obligation. Centers are religious centers and the people are made to understand this. There is a pastor's wife "up state" The great social work which is done whose work with a young Persian is only added testimony to the power family bears convincing testimony of Christianity to meet the social to the weight of individual influence. need. He is in favor of such a pol- "Seven years ago," she writes, "on icy as against that of the ordinary settlement house which excludes re- our return from our summer vacaligion. He does not agree with the tion, a Persian woman twenty-two idea that to do successful work with years old came to our home. She the foreign-born the Church must had been married about six months. submerge itself. He recognizes the Her husband had worked near New fact that every agency for uplift York, but they had decided to come does some good, but he is "out for to our city. He had no occupation the best." in mind and they were very poor. He had been a mason and bricklayer And he adds his voice with all in Persia. He spoke but little Engpossible emphasis to the multitude lish. He had never been able to of cries already raised for efficient read or write in Persian. He was leadership-for MEN and WOMEN willing, strong, honest and temperof a personality that WINS. Hap- ate. The wife was a very bright pily he is very definite on the ele- young woman. She had been eduments of such a personality-char- cated and could read and write in acter, initiative, judgment, full sym- Persian, Turkish and Arabic." Here pathy with the new Americans (im- was good material, needing only a plying knowledge of background, capable and sympathetic hand to so antecedents and racial prejudices), weave it in the warp and woof of and, not least of all, an appearance the nation that it might become a and manner that is prepossessing and strength rather than a weakness. lovable. He looks upon such leader- The wife was not strong, the husship as the most important single band lacked the education to hold his factor in the success of the work. ground, there was danger that the children that· came could not be WINNING A PERSIAN FAMll,y properly cared for. There were long The question of personality brings periods of anxiety, unemployment us to the very crux of the whole and want. But for seven years their matter. In the field of Christian good friend, the pastor's wife, stood Americanization, as in every other by, and in the name of "friend" sphere of endeavor, Christianity puts taught the young wife English, the responsibility squarely upon the helped the husband to get employindividual. Group achievement of- ment, kept the couple sheltered and fers no refuge to the slacker. The fed, and was their continual refuge whole is no better than anyone of in times of perplexity and trouble. its parts and no group work can They are now living in Connecticut. ever be effective that is not backed by whole-hearted service from On Thanksgiving Day the pastor's every man and woman engaged in it. wife received a postal card from the The problem of Americanization is mother, saying they were all well of national magnitude and can never .3.nd were prospering. come to final success until it has the active support of every citizen. The A closing word f rom this same Christian neighbor reveals the snares along the road of assimilation, bid- ding us walk the path with open

BEST METHODS

eyes and a helping hand continually beginning the work grew until the outstretchec;l in fellowship: dozen pupils have grown into hun- "Christian people in America are dreds. The girls have married and more interested in foreign missions formed new families. During the in Persia than they are in missions years many have moved away but'

for Persians in America. To be a I never forget any of the many hun- good, faithful friend here to these dreds and try to keep in touch with foreigners is not as agreeable nor as them as far as possible. Every dear easy as to give a small sum of money little baby that comes into the home for foreign missionary work. In of one of my girls is brought to me this way one's conscience is soothed by the proud parents who say: 'Miss and the small effort expended costs Rau, let him be yours as we were very little in personal service. If yours. Teach him the same way.'

we ever succeed in reaching these Almost every Sunday a dear grand- foreign people we must be friends mother waits with her children that and wise counselors and patient I may kiss them and pray for God's workers, or the work of Americani- richest blessing on them for the zation will never be properly done." week. I have my fourth generation of Christians now in our church- }<'ROM MULBERRY STREET TO THE the Franklin Avenue Italian Presby- ENDS OF THE EARTH terian Church. Not long ago a fine Twenty-seven years ago Miss looking man came to an evening Anita Rau was ill. The cause of meeting, together with a beautiful her illness was not a germ, neither girl of another church where fifteen was it a fall nor a fracture. Her years ago I worked as a missionary. illness was the result of a visit. For He said playfully: 'Miss Rau, please the first time in her life Miss Rau pull my ears again just as you used had been taken to see the slums of to when I was in mischief. This Mulberry Street, New York. She time I have carried off one of your could not throw off the impression girls but I promise to make her made by the conditions in which men happy.' Now they have gone to and women and little children lived Michigan where they have a beautiin those congested quarters with the ful home which is another Christian passing exclamation of the sight- center. seer who goes a-slumming-HOh, "These spiritual children of mine isn't it dreadful!" She went home and was so ill from the shock of have gone out into all parts of the world-hundreds of them-and lam what she had seen that she had to happy no matter how long nor how go to bed. While lying on her back hard the day. The key to success with those pictures constantly before in reaching the Italians and other her the call came to her, "It is not foreign-born people in our great for you to mourn and lament con- , cities is real love for each individual, ditions, yours is the opportunity to coupled with constant activity in inget up and help right the wrong." terpreting this love in our every day So she arose and faced the task and living with them."

met the opportunity. METHODS ACTUALLY TESTED In telling her story Miss, Rau said: By Frank Ormall Beck "I placed myself under the instruction of the City Mission so that I Dr. Beck has done a great work as a Methodist might know how to do the work and pastor among new Americans inInCthcriccahguor~hHe is also in charge of the Survey in t-hat City reach the people who sadly needed Immigration has placed ' upon help. Then I began making gar- American institutions their severest ments for the class oJ twenty-five test. Noone of our institutions has Italian girls whom I had picked up been affected more than has the for my first class. From this little Christi-an Chqrch. 'Yet upon', 'the

Church rests a great responsibility men and children related themselves in Amerjcanizing the foreign-speak- directly and .personally with the ing .groups. . children and men and women who The World War tested the work spoke the foreign tongue. The Bo- of Americanization, and it was not hemian mother who had lived in found wanting. However, racial America twenty-five years without consciousness was emphasized during coming in direct contact with the this international conflict, and the family life of America was invited task presented to the Church today into the American home. The is a new one. American girl shared the social life The following method has been of ·her home with her Greek girl tested: classmate. The Italian Clergyman (1) The Church became ac- who had ministered to his people for quainted with the foreigner. This ten years received his first invitation acqataintance could only be secured to dine in the home of his Englishby visits into their homes. Women speaking fellow pastor.

had to do the major part of this, for Thus the Church learns that the they can more effectually (break attitude of a foreign-speaking group through the natural reserve. Meet- is but a reflex of our attitude toward ings for mutual understanding and them. It is just as necessary that we appreciation were held, for it was help them to understand us as that just as necessary for mutual under- we make every effort to understand standing that the American know the them.

* * * place of Garibaldi in the Italian's life as that the Italian understand BAPTIST AMERICANIZATION WORK the place of Washington in the By Alice T. Anderson American's life. The members of the Board of (2). The Church defended the for- Education of Akron, Ohio, cooperate eigner. The foreigner has been ex- with the Baptists in their. work ploited beyond the knowledge of the among the Roumanians, for they are general public. They have been anxious to be of service to the for- pawns on the chess board of Ameri- eign-speaking men and women.

can selfishness. They send teachers to help in the They err often through ignorance classes organized. Their interest in- of the law. Ignorance of the law is cludes any class started in. a school- found to be a cause of many of their house, factory: church or private offenses. home.

The Church furnished volunteer * * '" workers to aid such ignorant law- Fifty-three pupils were taught durbreakers. At the bar of justice they ing the month of De-~mberin· the interpreted to the judge the inner English department of the Japanese facts gathered through this close ac- Women's Home of Seattle, Vashing- quaintance. In this ministry, Ameri- ton. It is reported that this is the can Christianity was· interpreted to only English school in Seattle.· that them as Sincerity and Justice. has translation teachers. The mem- Against all forms of exploitation bers of the English classes are in- the Church protested. This it did vited to attend the Adult English most effectually by teaching the for- Bible class held at the center on * * eigner the points at which he is Sunday afternoons. most liable to be the victim of de- >Ie.

signing selfishness. In the Polish classes condueted in (3) The Church recognized the connection with one of the Baptist hqnger for broth,erhood. Here it missions of Buffalo, New York, were fo~nd opportllnity for establishing both Catholics and Jews, coming to d~nite personal r~atio1.~hips with. the church building and getting on forej~-speaking people. Men, WQ- friendly terms with the church melll-

BEST METHODS

bers. Thus prejudice was broken heart and life were filled with the Spirit of Christ and she sought on down. every occasion to interpret His life and teaching. As far as I have been *** able to ascertain, nearly all of the group of fourteen or fifteen girls CONVINCING THE JEWS have been won definitely for Christ, and a number of them are now en- By Henry L. Hellyer gaged in active service for Him. Everyone who has made an open Jewish Missionary of the Presbyterian stand has had to drink the bitter cup of suffering and persecution. Sim- Board of Home Missions ple Christian life and Christian kind- ness led to their conversion. There is perhaps no more difficult problem conf ronting the Church of Another experience will indicate Christ today than the problem at what a change the reading of the finding a proper method of approach New Testament made in the life of a to the Jewish mind and heart with young Jewish lad. the Gospel of Christ. Protestant America faces the task of evangeliz- I was asked to make the acquaint- ing 3,500,000 .of its Jewish citizens. ance of a Jewish newsboy and seek, Can it be done? if possible, to influence him for Christ. I learned he had been Many and varied have been the at- shifted to another location and ques- tempts. But so far they have been tioned .another Jewish lad concerning only individual and sporadic efforts. his whereabouts. When this second boy surmised that I wished to speak Perhaps a little more light may to his companion about Christ he behelp clear away some of the difficul- gan to use most abusive and obscene ties that are apparently in the way. Christians must once for all learn at language, calling Christ by all kinds least three things about the Jew. of unmentionable names. N otbing First, that centuries of bitter persecu- could calm him for he had no undertion on the part of Christendom has standing of the blessed Christ. led this people to identify basic Christian teaching with anti-semitism The following Sunday the lad and with Jew beating. Second, mod- whom I had sought was on duty on ern Judaism, in almost all of its this particular corner. When he forms, is not the Judaism of the Old learned of what happened the pre- Testament prophets. (Especially is this true of the Tudaism as univer- vious week his comely face became sally practiced by orthodox or Rabbinic Jews:) And, third, the Jew, in sad and he said simply: "He cerspite of his wonderful attainment tainly does not know. He never along many lines, is appallingly ig- read this little book (pointing to a norant of the simple contents of the small New Testament that he had New Testament. He has a totally taken out from his inside pocket). wrong notion of what the New Tes- If he had only read it, as I have tament teaches or what its basic prin- tried again and again to get him to ciples are. do, he wouldn't have such foolish The following experience will sug- ideas about it or about Jesus. He gest at least one simple method of certainly would not call Jesus by approach. such foul names."

A numb~r of years ago a conse- There is the difference! This lad crated Christian young woman as- has come in contact with Christ sumed the responsibility of guiding through the reading of the New Tesand supervising a club of Jewish tament. Christian, think on these girls in a mission located near the things! Give Christ a chance. Give ghetto. Her task was to teach them Him a chance to get in touch with sewing, knitting, cooking and the the Jewish boys and girls of Amerlike. There was nothing peculiarly ica. They need Him! religious, much less Christian, about her job, but this' young woman's

Woman's Foreign Mission

Edited by MRS. WILLIAM H. FARMJ;;R, Montclair, N. J.

THE WASHINGTON CONFERENCE Christian allegiance in terms of World The first National Conference of Citizenship. Church Women in the history of the Two hundred and eighty of them, world met at Washington, D. C., on February 7th, 1920. It was called to- representing twenty-one denomina-· gether by the Women's Activities De- tions, heard and had visualized by partment of the Interchurch World means of stereopticon, maps and Movement which, because of haste and charts, the results of a world survey. urgency, issued its invitations by tele- The distressing and indefensible conse~ . grams, one signed for the Interchurch quences of lack of Protestant coopera- by Robert Lansing, Chairman of the tion were brought home, as was the ap- General Committee; John R. Mott, palling apathy of Christians, due large- Chairman of the Executive Committee; ly to ignorance of these conditions. S. Earl Taylor, Executive Secretary, and W. H. Foulkes, Vice-Chairman of Knowledge, then, was the first key- the Executive Committee; the other note of the conference, after which signed for the Women's Activities De- came Plan-of the Interchurch World partment by Mrs. Wm. H. Farmer, Movement-which provides for Power Director; Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett, in terms of money, lives and prayer. President of the Council of Women for Home Missions, and Mrs. William That the price of success must be Boyd, President of the Federation of paid in consecrated lives was brought Women's Boards of Foreign Missions. out in the address of welcome by Mrs. The Committee of Arrangements in- JosephUS Daniels.· She told of the boy cluded, in addition, Mrs. Woodrow who left home to fight in France, with Wilson, Mrs. Thomas R. Marshall, the words of his last cOJIlmunion ring- Mrs. Robert Lansing, Mrs. JosephUS ing in his ears. "This is my body and Daniels, Mrs. George W. Coleman, blood, broken for Thee." And one day when they brought him, shattered Miss Mabel Cratty, Mrs. E. C. Cronk, and torn, on a stretcher to a hospital, Mrs. Henry P. Davison, Mrs. William he murmured in his agony, "My body F. McDowell, Mrs. John R. Mott. Mrs. Henry W. Peabody, Mrs. Wallace and blood, Lord Jesus . . . offered Radcliffe, Mrs. Paul Raymond, Mrs. for Thee." John D. Rockefeller, Jr., Mrs. Finley Keeping the spiritual eyes of that .T. Shepard, Mrs. H. R. Steele and gathering fixed upon ·the vision, and correlating every speech to the task, Mrs. William A. Montgomery. was the Chairman, Mrs. Henry W . From the opening statement of the Peabody, of Beverly, Mass., the one American woman on the Edinburgh Chairman, at two o'colck on Saturday, Continuation Committee. February 7th, to the last sentence at the luncheon, two days later, the con- In exalting the purpose of the Inter- ference revealed itself as a body fully church World Movement, Mrs. Peaconscious of its historic place and re- body said: "While Congressmen are sponsibility. It was no casual conven- considering if we shall have a League tion of fluttering badges and gay greet- of Nations, we realize today.we have a ing. It was a solemn. radiant hour League of Churches which shall, withwhen the women of the Church of out yielding any distinctive power, Christ faced, and unitedly assumed, unite in making the world a Christian the heritage of the World War. And kingdom." they were women of world education, world view, world concern-broad- Dr. W. H. Foulkes, Vice-Chairman minded womev y'o interpret their of the Executive Committee, traced the origin of the Movement. It was humanly rather prosaic, he said, little groups of men and women getting tid- 298 ings from different parts of the world any other one subject. Sixteen out of and conferring in the several Iklard offices, until one day, a little over a His thirty-six parables have to do with year ago, 125 of these people convened for a day. "'!'he hour has come," said this, and one-sixth of the gospels deal that gathering, "when the whole Church must face the whole of hu- with this money test business. "When man need with the whole Christ." you realize," said he, "that the income That was the vision. After several days of work and prayer the findings of of Protestant Church members in that group were submitted to the six bodies represented, everyone of which America for the year 1918 was unanimously determined that the hour had come for the united advance of $10,000,000,000 and we have given, the Protestant forces in North America. There was not one dissenting word for all purposes, just one quarter of or vote. So the Movement was launched. one per cent of that amount, you will Dr. S. Earl Taylor, Executive Sec- see that there can be no real advance in retary of the Interchurch, spoke of the initial difficulties in learning to "play the Church of Christ"until the people the new game" together; of the doubt that existed in many minds until the get their income on the altar." "The great conference of January at Atlantic City. There 1750 church leaders Statistical Mirror," by Dr. W. B. Holadopted the program with unanimous voice. Then followed the Laymen's lingshead, "The American Survey," by Conference in Pittsburgh-laymen from thirty-five states, representing R. E. Diffendorfer, and "The Foreign every phase of business and professional life–where was launched one Survey," by Dr. Taylor, were appallof the outstanding features of the Movement-the Lay Activities side. ing revelations of Protestant short- "Now, Madam Chairman," said Dr. Taylor, "the third Conference that in- coming. spires me with hope for this Movement is the one just assembled. As a mere Miss Julia Lathrop, Director of the man I pause to say that from the standpoint of executive capacity, from the National Child Labor Bureau, prestandpoint of far-seeing statesmanship, from the standpoint of highly sented some disconcerting figures. A effective and well organized and de- quarter of a million preventable deaths veloped work, your work has ndt been of children under twelve months occur surpassed by any work in any part of the world; not only because of your annually in the United States. Six or leadership and what you have done at home and abroad, but because of what seven other nations are ahead of the you are in the home from the standpoint of child life." United States in care of children. New Dr. Cushman, Director of the De- Zealand infant mortality rate is just partment of Christian Stewardship, called attention to the fact that Jesus half that of the United States. In the has more to say about the relation between money and consecration, be- death rate of women in wchairl,dbfiorutrh~ tween possessions and life, than about America stood, before the teenth on the list. Our illiteracy rate is higher than at least six other na- tions and 7.7 per cent of our people cannot read nor write.

Dr. A. E. Cory, Director of the Field Department, outlined the organization of the Interchurch World Movement and its program for the 50,000,000 United States Protestant constituency upon whom rests the responsibility of reaching the one billion of the world's inhabitant., still in utter darkness.

Mrs. E. C. Cronk, of the same De- partment, explained the machinery by which will be reached "The Last Woman in the Last Church." Side by side with the men, the women will meet and train and speak, until every state and county and parish have been permeated with the knowledg-e of Christian responsibility and the in- spiration of the hour of opportunity.

"Our Task in America" was pre- sented by Mrs. Fred Smith Bennett,

"Americanization of our 30,000,000 Activities Department, followed with immigrants ,is not enough," she said. an inspirational address on "The Hour It must be Christian Americanization, of Christian Opportunity." and it must be undertaken with the realization that we ourselves are immi- Address by Miss Chu of China grants. In New Yark City but seven per cent of the population are iden- One of the unfortunate words that tified with evangelical churches, and were added to my English vocabulary only one-third of the 750,000 school was the word, "denomination." When children are receiving any sort of re- I was in China I did not know what "denomination" meant at all. I prized ligious instruction. the name "Interchurch," because church to me stood for the house of That three-fourths of the women of God where the life of Jesus Christ was the world are illiterate, as a result of told, the principles of God were taught, the woman-degrading religions of Ori- and from which the source of moral ental conntries, was the opening state- strength sprang. Church denominament of Mrs. William A. Montgomery tions are not only a puzzle to me, but in outlining our foreign task That they are a puzzle to many Chinese Christ, the Emancipator of women and students, whether Christians or nonlittle children, should not be joyously Christians. Up to now, and after havacknowledged in this fair land of ours ing given full credit to Luther, Calvin, -that woman who has here the pro- Wesley, and whoever the founders of tection which Christ has thrown around denominations may be, I still can not her, should remain worldly, unlovely, see the u~e of having different church selfish, parasitic, is a spectacle to make denominations. Forgive my frankthe demons laugh it is so hideous. ness, but I all) sure you want me to say what I think. But I believe in the ab- Inspiring examples of the results al- solute necessity of a united Church ready achieved in this line were the of God. two-minute addresses of eight young women who had been trained in mis- The thing that induced me to accept sion schools. Mrs. Motak spoke for the invitation'to come to you without the Czecho-Slovak women, Miss Mar- hesitation was the combination of the agelia for the Italians, Miss Yeghan- sight, sound, and meaning of the word, ian for the Armenians, Mrs. Baes for "Interchurch." I said to myself, "Now the Spanish, Miss Meek for the North I have a chance to present this prob- American Indian, Madam Tawada for lem." After the Des Moines Student the women of Japan, Senorita Rayner Volunteer Convention, one of the nonfor Mexico and Miss Chu for China. Christian Chinese students was greatly Mrs. Robert E. Lansing expressed to moved. This student, though not a the conference her pleasure at being a Christian by name, believed in prayer, delegate and her deep sympathy with read the Bible, and finds therein inthe Movement. Mr. A. M. Dulles, of spiration and help; with all her earnest- Auburn, N. Y., President Womerr's ness she still feels that she is an out- Educational and Industrial Union, and sider without being publicly recognized a sister of Mrs. Lansing, made a plea as a member of the Church, but she for that same spirit in the work for does not care to join the Episcopalian Jesus Christ that had animated war or the Methodist or the Baptist work for our country, with all bar- Church. What she wants to join is the united Church of God based on riers swept away. the principles and teachings of Jesus "The Hour of Living Faith" was the Christ, not of any religious sect; since there is not such a Church, the quessubject chosen by Mrs. Farmer in the tion is, would you forc·e her to join last devotional period, to emphasize the Episcopalian or the Methodist or the only means by which the world the Baptist or whatever the denomburden could be shouldered and car- ination would be? I shall appreciate ried.

Dr. D. A. Poling, of the Laymen's

WOMAN'S FOREIGN MISSION BULLETIN

an answer from you either in person Physically, she needs to have an or through your message to my friend, organized nation-wide health moveor through writing, and I will surely ment, to attend to public sanitation, convey your message to my friend. and tQ preach personal hygiene. She needs more doctors, surgeons, nurses, I am sent here particularly to tell hospitals, and clinics of all kinds. She you the need of China. Why has needs free gymnasiums, parks and China appealed to America? There playgrounds for the recreation of both must be some reasons to justify China's adults and children. cry for help. There are two altematives~ Either China is so aged that she Mentally, she needs more schools, has a right to claim the protection and colleges, universities, laboratories, muattention of the younger generation, or seums, botanical gardens, zoological China is so young that she must have parks, good picture shows, good the guidance and help of her older dramas, new music. brother. According to human law, the weak old grandfather has to be taken Morally, she needs to be rid of the care of by his sons and grandchildren, corrupt officials, the habits of laziness, while the little sister must be guided by indifference and irresponsibility. her elder brother. China can be regarded as either old or young, but we Religiously she needs the united prefer to think of her as the young Church of God in which her sons and China, for the young China suggests a daughters can have common worship new republic. and individual consecration, and from which unlimited strength and power Republic means democracy, and de- can be drawn. mocracy means individual thinking and individual participation; and indi- China's great need is for both men vidual thinking and participation and women leaders and teachers who mean growth and progress. are well equipped with physical ener- gy, mental abilities, and spiritual Another point must be made clear power, the power of God. about big Brother Sam and little nineyear sister China. When a big brother Big brother Sam, your little sister helps his little sister in her school China is grateful to you for your past studies, it does not mean that the little sacrifice, but she still needs your physisister does not have to work hard her- cal, mental, moral, and religious guidself. She has got to work hard, or else ance. Have patience, brother, little the guidance and help of the big broth- sister China will work hard, and beer would be of no avail. Here are fore long you will find that your some of the needs of your little sister brotherly worries and efforts for China: guiding your little sister have not been spent in vain. Politically, she needs more time for self-adjustment without the interfer- MESSAGES SENT BY SISTER COLence of foreign aggression. LEGES TO THE STUDENT GATHER- Economically, she still needs to have adequate le'ans for opening up her re- ING AT BOSTON, NOVEMBER, 1919. sources, for extending her railways, and for increasing her industries. Ginling College, Nanking, China. To the College Girls of America: Socially, she needs to throwaway her injurious superstitious beliefs, her College girls in China are more harmful customs, such as the subor- like you than they are like the girls in China who have been shut dination of women, and the compul- out from the abundant life of. the sory marriage system. She needs to spirit which Christ gives to wom- an. "There is neither East nor be purged from the habit of using in- West" in this life. All the little toxicants such as opium, cigarettes, differences in dress and customs and alcoholic drinks, no matter add only richness like the colors of whether they are native or foreign a sunset,-make you more interproducts. esting to them and they to you. They begin the day and you take

it up as they seek rest. May the der the same Master Teacher.

common purpose to serve the one . But when we graduate, we go Master bind the college girls of .out to face problems such, we are the world into a never-resting force told, as have no parallel in Amer- which shall be felt like the sun- ica.

light in all the dark corners of the We therefore need your fellow- earth. Matilda C. Thurston, Pres. ship, and with its help we pledge * '" '" Madras, India. you a new India. You already have our love and devotion for The .one hundred students in our what you have done for India's Woman's Christian College, Ma- women and girls. You set the dras, India, send greetings rto the College bells ringing their mes- Students in America. sage of the Kingdom of God. Help "It has remained for the grad- us a little longer till we can help uates of our American Colleges to ourselves. .

bring to these daughters of India Yours in comradeship of service an enthusiasm for the great, new for the generation to which we learning of our time and it is receiv- belong.

ing a hearty welcome." The Students We wish you to have God's These mess*age*s ar*e from our own blessing on your meeting, and we shall pray that great good may be church schools which are doing col- lege work. gained from it. .

*** Foochow, China, October 23, 1919. Woman's Christian Union College, Tokyo, Japan. "Students Hour, Romans Ten To the young women garthered. Fourteen,… F.i.fte*en, Come."

in fellowship to celebrate the J ubi- lee Year of the Woman's Mission- Hua Uang, Seoul, Korea; ary Society of the Methodist We, the students of Ewha Hak- Church in America,'we the Chris- tang send greetings to the College tian students of the Woman's girls of America. We .have heard Christian Union College in Japan, of your beautiful College buildings send hearty greetirigs, sincere con- and equipment, furnishing such gratulations and hear-tful thanks. wonderful opportunirties to girls.

We realize that we are ourselves vVe feel sure that out of so many to some extent the product of the thousands there are some who, work begun fifty years ago, and it preparing for service, are inter- is our earnest purpose to carryon ested in the girls of Korea. We this work, and help forward, as need you to help us into the same you have done, the establishment light and liberty American women of His Kingdom who is the Prince enjoy. For you we are especially of Peace and the Brother of us praying and eagerly await your all, of every clime and race. cominl!'. Do not disappoint us.

Shige Namba. To the Young Women of the Mis- *** sionary Society in Boston assem- Isabella Thoburn College, India. bled, Greetings: Lucknow, September 1919. "Kwassui" extends her hand Dear Fellow Students: across sea and land in loving as- In this great school-house of the surance of oneness in aim and world we are all students together united effort for the salvation of though in· different class-rooms. our country, for Christ.

We study different text-books, but Join us in prayer that this may we learn the same truths. Our in- be speedily achieved.

structors are many but we are un- Elizabeth Russell.

FROM MANY

INDIA Evangelistic work has been done con- tinually, and has borne fruit. Telngu Mission Conference Homes are found for orphans in Christian families; girls and women THE American Baptist Telugu have been rescued from lives of sin; Mission met in Conference at child wives are sent to school and Ongole December 17-23. In the dis- withal, many women are reading the cussion concerning the Ramapatnam Bible and trusting God in the s<:;clu- Theological Seminary it was agreed sion of their homes. that candidates for the ministry should have one year's preliminary At present, the staff numbers nine training in evangelistic work before doctors, six assistant doctors, six entering the seminary. This will be staff nurses,· and eleven other helpers. a means of testing the adaptability of prospective candidates. The pro- .CHINA posal was also made to unite with the Canadian Baptist Mission in the es- Consecrated Wealth in China tablishment of a single Seminary to train students of both Mi"sions. I T IS surprising to find how many men of China have acquired great The ~ssner Mission wealth. In the port cities, especially those of the South like Foochow, AT THE sixth annual meeting of Amoy and Swatow, one finds palatial the National Missionary Council residences occupied by retired merof India, recently held at Lahore, the chants who have made their "pile" in grant of autonomy to the Gassner Manila, the Straits Settlement or by Mission Christians was approved. trade from their home ports. While An Advisory Board was also ap- many of these are using their money pointed to consist of five members, in a purely selfish way, an increasing one to be a Lutheran, another an number are contributing to education, Anglican and the remaining three to philanthropy and to religious work. be residents in Chota-Nagpur. This In Amoy a Chinese resident has Board will serve as an administrative given $3,000,000 for public education body in educational matters, as a in that section of Fukien. Although Board of Reference to the Trustees a non-Christian he is consulting with and as a medium of communication American and English missionaries with outside Christian bodies. as to the best application of this fund. Chang Po-ling, the head of an -Christian Patriot. Independent Christian high school for boys which enrolls more than 1,000 Ludhiana Medical College students, has already raised $750,000 out of a million dollar fund to or- A RETROSPECT of the past ganize a colIege department in the twenty-five years. in the Wo- school, and expects the whole sum men's Christian Medical College at to be contributed by the Chinese. So Ludhiana shows that sixty-one stu- thoroughly do the non-Christian dents have graduated in medicine, Chinese of Tientsin and Peking beand fifty-three as nurses, while more lieve in Chang Po-ling that they than one hundred and eighty have be- gladly support his work Chinese come certified midwives. business men are learning self-depen- dence and stewardsbip. During the eighteen years that the hospital has been open, the beds have C. H. Patton. increased to· 150. In-patients have numbered 24,309, operations 17,116 and visits to out-patients 789,819.

303

Worshipping a Rubbish Heap and finally consented to attend a meeting, where he, too, found new REV. HENRY FERGUSON of life in Christ. the China Inland Mission gives a glimpse of heathendom when he de- Christian Hotel for Business Men scri'bes a vast crowd of people outside of Chenyangkwan worshipping a CHRISTIAN pastors and leaden! rubbish heap. Someone had chanced of Shanghai have a plan under to discover that the earth was show- way to provide a respectable hotel ing "signs of divinity" at that iden- for Chinese merchants who come to tical spot and accordingly a shrine Shanghai. The idea is to safeguard had been erected. For days a steady Christian traders against the immorstream of people came and went, ality that abounds in many hotels, burning incense and paper money and to shield them from crooks. It and presenting their petitions. At is furthermore intended to assist in another village a crowd was ob- every kind of business, such as the served worshipping a 'bridge and purchase of home or foreign prodpraying for healing, the bridge hav- ucts, insurance, banking, etc., and to ing displayed "signs of divinity." serve as middleman between buyer and seller. The project will be Chinese Official and Christianity known as "The Chinese Christian Commercial Agency." GEO. CHIEN HSU, Chinese Min- lister of Justice in Canton, has Chinese Recorder. written a pamphlet on "Christianity and the Saving of the Nations," in Nanking Chnrch Sends Ont Missionary which he states his belief that democratic governments are built upon the THE fir;t missionary of the Nanprinciples of Christianity, and that in king Presbyterian Church is accordance with the principles of the Mrs. Lu. At a meeting of the Woteaching of Christ, a nation may with man's Executive Committee, a re- Christian motive intervene in the af- port was made of $100 received to fairs of another. He believes that establish outside missionary work, the dissolution of China is imminent, but the committee was at a loss to and states that militarism and autoc- know who could be sent. Mrs. racy are its chief enemies. If Chris- Lu, one of the local workers, arose' tianity gains the victory China will and 'said she had come to the meetcertainly be saved. ing to say she had felt for months the Lord had work for her else- Chinese Recorder. where, so the committee decided to send her to a needy district in Hu- A Chinese Christian's Triumph nan. Her salary is entirely pro- vided. A MISSIONARY in Tengchoufu tells of a Chinese woman who se- Another Opium Bonfire cretly stole out at her back gate, carrying her work with her, to study the PUBLIC attention should be di- "Jesus teaching" in the tent services. rected to the shipments of mor- After the third day she did not briqg phia into China from America in her straw braiding, but gave her contravention of American regulawhole attention to listening. Her tions, which forbid ships of Amerihusband awaited her return to give can registry carrying opium. Exher a sound beating, but she quietly portation of morphia from England said: "I get home in time to cook to China is forbidden, but it appears for you, and do al1 your work, why that America has not taken similar may I not learn about eternal joy? action. Recently, a stock of opium I have a Saviour pleading for me." and morphia, which had been seized, The husband was discerning enough was publicly burned outside the Temto see that her life was transformed, ple of Agriculture in Peking. Its value was $150,000.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

President Hsii Shih-Chang has ment for Christianity that cannot be given $2,000 to the International met and resisted. An American Anti-Opium Association, and Pre- teacher was employed in a secular mier Chin Yun-Peng $1,000. Other school in Japan with the understand- members of the Cabinet are also con- ing that he was not to mention Chris- tributing generously. tianity, but the silent influence of his Christian life was so profound that JAPAN-CHOSEN some forty of his pupils, unknown to Social Program for Japan him, made a covenant to abandon THE Japanese Advertiser, a lead- idolatry. Later, twenty-five of the ing English language newspaper forty entered a Christian school and of the Orient, reports the following some of this number became minis- resolutions adopted by the Japan ters of the Gospel among their own Methodist Church, concerning social people.

reform: "We reiterate our belief in total Never Heard of Christ S abstinence as the wise course for the EVEN Japanese girls from the Freshman class of a college in individual and in restrictive legisla- tion, leading to the complete prohi- Kyoto recently attended an "At * * * bition of the traffic in alcoholic Home" given by a Y. W. C. A. secdrinks. Japan cannot af- retary of that city. There was much ford, even on purely selfish grounds, surprise among the guests when some to have her manhood weakened and of the students produced Bibles and desolated by the liquor trade. began to ask questions. The sur- "We st<!nd for the protection of prise grew as the conversation pro- the family, by the single standard of gressed, for the questioners seemed purity, careful divorce laws, proper q~ite unable to understand the sim- regulation of marriage and proper plest statements.

housing, for such regulation of the Finally, the hostess asked how conditions of toil for women as shall many had studied the life of Christ.

safeguard the physical and moral Nobody had. "How many have habits of the community and for the ever heard about Christ at all?" she fullest possible development of every continued. One girl had heard a child, especially by the provision of very little. They had merely heard proper education and recreation, and that there was a new religion which by the abolition of child labor. was not presented in their college "We stand for a living wage as a course, and with the simple direct- minimum in every industry and for ness of the truth seeker after wis- the highest wage that each industry dom, had gone directly to the nearest can afford, and for the most equit- person who could explain it to them.

able division of the product of indus- try that can ultimately be devised. Reported Japanese Reforms "We call upon our members as em- JAPANESE statesmen acknowledge ployers and wage earners to carry that the harsh policy of their govout these principles that brotherhood ernment toward Koreans has been a may be understood in economic life failure. They further acknowledge and truly Christian civilization may the necessity for reforms in the land be achieved. Thus shall Jesus Christ laws which have deprived the Kobe glorified and the Church serve reans of their property. Fifty-two mankind." Koreans were summoned before the Governor-General for conference, an The Christian Advocate.

Actions Louder than Words advisory council of Koreans was con- vened, and Protestant mission work- "LIVING epistles, known and read ers were asked to express their views of all men" furnish an argu- to the Governor-General. They reg-

istered a protest against cruelties. when their own children have a part Although it has been announced that in the program. flogging of prisoners will cease after April 1, 1920, this torture is still be- Vests for the Lepers ing inflicted. NOTHING is more acceptable to a Important reforms in school cur- leper than a good warm vest, ricula have been announced, as have rules discriminating in favor of Japa- and these are as acceptable to the nese officials in status and pay. It is stated that the Japanese government women as to the men. Dr. R. M. made substantial contributions toward rebuilding burned villages, Wilson, Kwangju, Korea, asks that while Japanese Christians raised considerable money toward restoring Sunday-schools undertake to collect Korean churches. old vests that hang unused in every Albertus Pieters. home and send to the Lepers' Home F'orward Movement ~n Korea at Kwangju. PERSECUTION and political un- rest in Korea is not stopping It would cost about $2.00 or more Christian work. The General Assembly of the Korean Presbyterian to have these warm vests made in Church, meeting in Pyengyang last October, decided to inaugurate a Korea. To buy the material and pay three years' "Forward Movement" campaign similar to the "New Era for the making would amount to Movement" of the Northern Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. and about ten dollars a vest in Korean the "Centenary Movement" of the Methodist Episcopal Church. A money. Ten vests, therefore, would committee of thirty-six, three from each Presbytery, was appointed by mean one hundred dollars' worth of the Assembly to direct this Forward Movement. comfort to the lepers.

The present year is to be largely About 300 lepers in all are cared one of preparation, followed by a year of evangelistic effort in every for in this home at a cost of about section of the country. The third year will be characterized by Sunday- $2.50 a month for each leper. . school development and young people's work. Anyone interested in rendering this Extension Sunday Schools worth while service of helping to A SPECIAL feature of the work keep the lepers warm can send the at Andong consists of Extension Sunday-schools for the children of bundle by parcel post, marked "Old non-Christian parents. Whenever the attendance at anyone place reaches Clothes-No Duty," to Dr. Wilson, 100, the children are allowed to hold a service in the city church at which Kwangju, Korea. time they have a program made up of songs, reciting memory verses, and MOSLEM LANDS telling the Gospel story. Many unbelieving mothers beam with pride Palestine and tbe Jews UNDER the lead of Zionist pro- moters, emigration agencies are being formed in Russia, Bukovina and Bessarabia to direct a movement of Jewish people toward their ancient Holy Land. Would-be Russian emi- grants are said to number already 600,- 000, although the Zionist Movement had scant support in Russia before the war. Many of these groups have started on foot. About 20,000 Jews are ready to leave Hungary, includ- ing men of scientific and technical training. Jews of Bulgaria have es- tablished a Palestine bank with capi- tal of 100,000,000 leva. Large num- bers of University students from Germany are on the way and five thousand families in Warsaw have registered. Even those lands with small Jewish popUlation, such as Cen-

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

tral America, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, grades were asked to choose what Egypt and Venezuela, will send their kind of hand work they wanted. contingents to the homeward swarm- They were to consider three things ing. in making their choice-what would be worth learning for the sake The Arabs of Palestine and neigh- of future use, what could be used boring lands are up in arms against for the good of the school now, and the project, and a third angle of the what they really liked to do. All of whole question is the Pope's opposi- the seventh and eighth grade boys tion. He protests that none of the chose bookbinding, all of the boys of Holy places should be handed over to the sixth grade, carpentry and of the a people who rejected Christ. fifth grade, some chose drawing and some carpentry. Girls wanted dress- A Zionist printing establishment making, embroidery, drawing and has just started in Jerusalem, which typewriting. The last was denied as will employ a thousand workmen. requiring too expensive equipment. The bookbinding has proved most Turkey Loses Dardanenes successful, the oldest member of the senior class proving an excellent THE internationalization of the teacher for the other boys in his Dardanelles and the Bosphorus room. were definitely decided upon by the Allied Supreme Council in February. The Orient. A commission was appointed to decide upon the boundaries of Armenia, Training Center In Smyrna while other commissions were assigned the task of working out de- SMYRNA has been chosen as the tails for policing this international most suitable place for a Young territory. It was decided not to de- Women's Christian Association Servprive Turkey of Constantinople, but ice Center because of its collegiate this was not to be construed as mean- school for gil;ls, whose students are ing that the Allies would deal leni- well fitted for useful service among ently with Turkey, should the Ar- the stricken people of their own land. menian atrocities continue. As a re- The school has just enrolled eighteen sult circulars have been sent out Turkish girls. Thousands of Arby provincial authorities of the Otto- menian girls are being released by man Empire urging that attacks on government order from Turkish non-Moslems will prejudice the Pow- harems, and many are homeless, peners against Turkey. niless and v.¥thout knowledge of re- munerative work. Aside from the The Year at GOOlk Pasha School paramount necessity of teaching these helpless ones practical means of a THE Gedik Pasha School in Con- livelihood, they need to be taught to stantinople has an exceedingly play. Their past few years have mixed constituency. Of the 265 pu- been so full of tragedy that organpils, 113 are Moslems (including at ized recreation is an important part least 13 Persians and two Alban- of their mental and spiritual restoraians) ; 83 Armenians, 66 Greeks, two tion. Syrians and one American. Of all these scarcely more than 30 are Sartorial Service for Orphans Protestant Christians. "CLOTHED while you wait" was The children now sit and work by the slogan for an impromptu grades instead of by nationalities. This allows English to be the lan- haberdashery set up in an old box guage of the whole school. Another car in the railroad yards at Kania new feature has been the introduc- recently. The "tailors" were Near tion of classes in handiwork. Soon East Relief workers and the "trade" after the school opened the children consisted of 250 little Armenian orof the fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth

phans who had stopped over for French Protestants Meet at Lyons twenty-four hours while waiting for permission from the railroad authori- THE second general assembly of ties to proceed. . French Protestant churches was held at Lyons in November. All the On account of the threatening Protestant churches of France were situation in Caesarea, these helpless represented, with no manifestation of little creatures were hurried to sectarian cleavage. One indication Smyrna, and when the train was held of this spirit of unity was the resolve unceremoniously at Kania, the wel- to prepare one hymn book for the fare workers stationed there discov- use of all the churches. Another ered that the little travelers were clad was the cordial welcome extended solely in underwear. Hurriedly a to the delegates from Alsace and clothin~ station was set up in one of Lorraine, and the decision to hold the the freight cars, where several bags next assembly in 1924 in Strassburg. The assembly listened to thirteen forof boys' old clothes were distributed. eign delegates, three of whom were After an extremely wild scene all the American and four British. orphans emerged more or less triumphant, with a substantial covering for Tercentenary of Pilgrim Fathers their nakedness. A COMMITTEE has been formed To Study American Farm MethOds in the Netherlands for the observ- ance of the Tercentenary of the sail- FOUAD KHYATT, son of a rich ing of the Pilgrim Fathers. It in- landowner of Bagdad, has ar- cludes several Ministers of State, an rived in the United States to study ex-Premier, the chief Burgomasters agriculture. The young man's father and the leading governors of provowns thousands of acres of land in inces. Dr. Henry Van Dyke of the valley of the Tigris river and Princeton and Dr. J. Rendel Harris there he intends to introduce scien- of Manchester are members from tific farming methods, using Ameri- America and England respectively, as can machinery. In addition to this are Viscount Bryce, the great exhe intends to establish agencies for ponent of American institutions in American farm implements. The Europe, and Lord Reay, the Dutch young man was educated at Robert statesman. College. The larger meetings of the Con- He is greatly interested in the gress will be either in the Cathedral, work of the Near East Relief in or in the great auditorium of Leyden striving to save from starvation the University. Some of the foremost hundreds of thousands of people in men of America and of Holland are western Asia; and obtained his first expected to speak. idea of the great commercial and industrial development in this coun- After two days in Leyden, the try through American relief workers Congress will adjourn to hold servand missionaries in his own country. ices in the ancient Scots Church of Rotterdam, the Church of the exiled World Call. Covenanters banished by Charles II. and in the still more venerable Eng- EUROPE lish Reformed Church in the Bagyn- hof, Amsterdam. New L. M. S. House Protestant Clinic at Brussels T HE headquarters of the London Missionary Society at 16 New FOR some four years there has Bridge Street have been sold and a been maintained in Brussels a new and more desirable site has been Clinique Protestante. At length the purchased opposite St. James' Park work has outgrown the accommoda- Station. This will be entirely ready tion afforded by the premises origfor occupancy in 1921.

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

inally occupied, necessitating removal NORTH AMERICA to more spacious quarters. Interchurch Executive Committee En- Dr. Hunnecurt, who supervises aU the surgical fittings and arrange- larged , ments, has been the head of the Red Cross Ambulance at the Royal Pal- THE Executive Committee of the ace throughout the war. Other lead- Interchurch World Movement ing doctors and surgeons have given has been authorized to increase its their services from time to time as required. Many of other faiths, or membership to forty. The new no faith have found help and com- members are: Dr. W. 1. Chamberfort in the skilled attention and Christian atmosphere of this clinic. lain, Reformed Church in America; Dr. Charles R. Watson, United Pres- The Christian. byterian Church; Dr. Charles L. White, Baptist; Dr. A. W. Harris, Waldensian Seminary Re-Opens .l'viethodist; Dr. Joseph H. Apple; THE W a Ide n s ian Theological Reformed Presbyterian Church; Dr. School at Florence, silent for four years, has resumed its activities. H. F. Swartz, Congregational; Al- Thirteen students are in attendance. fred E. Marling, Presbyterian; Mrs. At the reopening Dr. Giovanni Luzzi outlined the aims and attitude of the H. W. Peabody, Baptist and Mrs. W. school, after giving a brief history of M. Boyd, Methodist. its work. The students were warned against two evils which always lie in Service Men to Unite for Church Work wait at the doors of a theological seminary, namely, Rabbinism, which COMMITTEE of Presbyterian he defined as following the letter and A chaplains has undertaken the not the spirit of the law; and Ra- task of organizing "The Allied Comtionalism, which he characterized as rades" among Presbyterian veterans heavier than the Mosaic Law, and of the late war. Since the idea apsterilizes Christianity. parently originated with a Presby- terian, it is to be first developed Preaching in Siberia through Presbyterian. connections, and if successful there, it will even- AN evangelical preacher in Siberia tually extend to other denominations. reports an open door for Gospel The ideal of "The Allied Comrades" is to bear the same purpose toward teaching in that country. the Church that the American Legion "Gospel-thirsty people are like a has in the field of citizenship.

field ready unto harvest. We can In the local church it is not innow work freely. The power of the tended to be an independent society, Greek Catholic Church is broken. but rather a department or subsidiary They no more can stir up the people of whatever men's organization may against the evangelicals for the pur- already exist in the church's working pose of massacres. One can now scheme, whether brotherhood, league, freely preach the Gospel and baptize club, class or invitation committee. converts without asking permission It js an effort to preserve the old batof the Most Holy Synod or from the tlefield comradeship so as to make it governor. Recently I read of a con- the core of a new enlistment in bevention of priests to discuss measures half of Jesus Christ. Explanatory to be taken against us, but we have circulars will be sent anywhere on nothing to fear." request by applying to the National Service Commission, I-56 Fifth Ave- Record of Christian Work. nue, New York City.

The Continent.

The Chnrches and the Coal Strike FOLLOWING the action of the Interchurch World Movement in appointing a commission to investi-

gate industrial conditions relative to Change in Immigration F the steel strike, the Federal Council IGURES recently published show that immigration has been comof churches appointed Dr. Paul Strayer, Dr. Worth Tippy, Dr. John ing in recent years from non-Protes- McDowell and Rev. F. E. Johnson tant countries. The peak of this in- to consider the coal strike. Their coming tide of foreigners was report was considered by the Social reached in 1913, when the arrivals Secretaries of the various denomina- numbered 1,400,000. The Protestant tions, and a statement was sent to all Church membership of theUtiited the churches containing the following States is given as 25,359,890. Ac- paragraph: cordingly, the percentage of immi- "It seems to us that social morality grants in the last pre-war year to the requires that some means be found to Protestant Church membership was organize the coal industry as a co- about 5.6%. This indicates a trend operative public service. Then the toward changed American ;ideals.

moral obligations inherent in the pro- It is said that only one signer of duction, distribution, and use of coal the Declaration of Independence was will be more generally recognized non-Protestant, and in the early and obeyed. Then we may expect period of our history the majority of miners and managers alike to be gov- our immigrants were from Protest- erned by the public good, and the ant countries., public to recognize that it has no Thoughtful Protestants should right to be served at undue cost to watch the immigration legislation the miner." pending in Congress and exert every The Congregationalist. possible influence to safeguard our American ideals in the critical days The Gospel Counteracts RadicaUsm of reconstruction ahead.

THE Evangelistic Committee of ~ New York City has is&Ued their Iowa Churches Need Awakening A annual report, from which it is seen, N awakening along spiritual lines is the need a rural survey suphow the straight Gospel truth is able to counteract Bolshevism and anar- ervisor finds in an Iowa county chy. Street meetings in Russian, where four churches are partly sup- Hungarian and Italian were at first ported by mission boards, though interrupted, but good natured per- practically every resident of the sistence on the part of the speakers county is well-to-do. Seventeen of won' a hearing eventually from Bol- the forty-eight churches in the county shevists, radical socialists and I.W. are closed or without a minister, W. agitators. and twenty are described as merely There is a church in New York existing.

whose lay assistant was once an anarchist editor, and another whose Enlarged Mission Program S staff is chiefly former radicals.OUTHERN Baptists have out- Boy gangs were broken up be- lined a five-year mission program cause the members were taught a which will include the opening of "better way." Children gathered on eighteen new stations in the foreign the streets by "The Story Telling field. Their work already estab- Lady" heard Bible stories eagerly and lished in Africa, Japan, China and learned Christian songs. Groups South America will be reinforced.

who refused to salute the flag or It is also proposed to enter Russia.

sing "America" through Bolshevist This advance program calls for an teachings were won over, and through expenditure of twenty million dollars them parents were reached. in the five years.

1920J NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

Conference on Race Relations are Vice-Presidents,·Mr. G. P. Raud, THREE thousand Negroes,-farm- 156 Fifth Avenue is Secretary and . ers, teachers, doctors, lawyers, Col. E. N. Sanctuary of Scranton socIal workers,-representing directly eight million negroes of the south Pa., is Treasurer. ' and indirectly several more millions having common economic and educa- New Bible for the Blind tional interests, assembled at the Twenty-ninth Tuskegee Conference THE American Bible Society has to make plans to meet the new economic conditions. The essentials taken steps toward the publication of race relations-better school facilities; the suppression of lynching and .of the Bible in a newly adopted mob violence; the administration of impartial justice through the courts method of point printing for the and public officials; equal accommodations for equal fares on the rail- blind, known as Revised Braille. Two roads and other public carriers; and s~5tems of American origin, quite the problem of the ballot as a source dIfferent from the European Braille of civic protection were among the which 'Was invented by a Frenchman subjects under discussion. The Ne- in 1829, have been so widely used groes who attended the race relations that a need was felt for approximatdiscussion owned property which is ing international uniformity in an conservatively estimated to be worth alphabet for blind readers. The three million dollars. adoption of this revised Braille was the result. The American Bible So- The Conference gave new hope to ciety has made a tremendous contriwhite and colored alike, and pointed buti.on to the literature in raised type the way to inter-racial cooperation. ~vailable for the blind, by publish- mg at great expense the complete Call to Prayer for Russia Bible in both the N ew York Point and the American Braille, the two THE Russian Bible and Evange- systems most used in America up to .Iization Society, a recent organi- the present time, as well as in the Boston Line Letter. The volumes zatIOn formed in America by Chris- published in these types have all been tian business men, has issued a Call distributed by the Society for much to Prayer for Sunday, April 11 tho less than their cost, and the larger for the great land and peoples of part have been civen to the needy Russia. "No country needs prayer without charge. This beneficent work and spiritual help more than does is not. rest~icted to America. Scripthis land that is so sorely oppressed tures m raIsed types are supplied in ?y famine ~nd so savagely tom by Arabic, Spanish, Armenian, Armenomternal strIfe. In New York City Turkish, Japanese and Siamese. a special prayer service will be held in the Marble Colleg-iate Church at The blind Christians of the world 3 :30 p. m., and will be conducted will feel a joy peculiar to their need by Col. E. N. Sanctuary and Mr. G. when their sensitized finl[ers touch P. Raud of Russia. the pointed dots which tell them of "Jesus Christ, whom not having seen The Society has been organized for ye love; in whom, though ye see the purpose of training evangelists Him not, yet belieVIng ye rejoice and Bible teachers, to conduct Bible greatly with joy unspeakable and Conferences in Russia, and in other full of glory: receiving the end of ways to preach the Gospel to Slavic your faith. even the salvation of peoples. Mr. George C. Howes is your souls." President of the organization, Dr. Howard A. KeIly of Baltimore and Indians as Missionaries Dr. David ]. Burrell of New York THE Shoshones of western Nevada have not until recently been touched by Christianity. Their near-

est neighbors, the Nez Perces, are world. The Presbyterian Board has seeking to evangelize them. A num- carried on medical work there for ber of the leading Shoshones were some years. brought to a Nez Perce camp meeting and several were converted. LATIN AMERICA These men went home, called a meeting of the whole tribe and recounted Help the Mexican to Think American their experiences. The Nez Perces have shown the missionary spirit by DR. R. N. McLean, who is director furnishing eighty dollars toward a of Spanish work in the Southnew Shoshone chapel. west for the Presbyterian Home Board, regards the present Mexican R"Ugious Education for the Indians tangle as lO%Mexico's fault, 10% America's and the rest the result of A PROPOSAL for an Indian Col- mutual misunderstanding. As for lege comes through the Survey the misunderstanding, this is largely Department of the Interchurch a border problem, and there the be- World Movement. This university ginning must be made in i:s solution. has been planned upon lines similar The thousands of laborers who come in administration to great union, in- to us, after completing their conterdenominational organizations, such tracts are sent back home, and natas Robert College in Constantinople. urally carry with them definite im- Nanking University and Peking Uni- pressions about America and Amerversity. The American project is to icans. The key to the situation is in train Indians from all the 150 tribes the hands of Christian Americans. in the country as native leaders for their own people. Recently a union evening service was held in Los Angeles, Cal., when Of the 336,000 Indians in the Mexican Protestants of the Church United States today, scattered over of the Divine Saviour sat in the pews 147 reservations in practically every with the members of the Immanuel state of the Union, practically one- Pr~sbyterian Church. About 300 third are unrelated to any Christian Mexicans attended. In his talk in communion; and approximately 46,- Spanish to his own people, the pas- 000 are entirely unreached by Chris- tor said: "I have heard some of you tian ministry. say after a hard day's work, which has been full of bitter experience: H 0117e Mission Monthly. 'This is not the city of the angels (Los Angeles) but the city of the Hospital for Point Barrow devils.' Vhen you think 01" Ameri- cans think not of those who have POINT BARROW, the northern- cheated you or been harsh to you; most mission station in the world, think in the terms of these Christian is to have a hospital. The Presby- Americans who are seated with you terian Board of Home Missions in here tonight." January announced a gift of $25.000 for the erection and equipment of the The Continen t. hospital, and the worl< of building will commence at the earliest possible A Porto RiJcan Judge date. SR. EMILIO DEL TORO, Judge The best method of hospital con- of the Supreme Court of Porto struction for the unusual demands of Rico, recently gave a message to the Alaska weather will be determined, Puerto Rico Evanqelico, of which the and will be used in other hospitals following is an English translation: contemplated in this region. Point Barrow is far north of the timber "If I had the privilege of comline, and except for one ste?mer a municating with all of the mothers yf'ar. when the ice permits, is com- of Latin America for only one mopletely shut off from the outside ment during my lifetime, I would employ it entirely in recommending

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

that they place in the hands of their crease in general must be attributed children the New Testament, being to the indenture labor system which sure of obtaining for them the most removed the able-bodied young men noble and enduring influence of all and women at a time when they the influences which could exercise would naturally be establishing themselves in the human conscience homes. Ih addition there were the of this world." other stilI existing causes-the sale of liquor and the introduction of A Bolivian Diplomat Appeals for Indians disease. Mr. Edward Jacomb, a bar- rister of Vila, New Hebrides, and AT a recent meeting of the Com- author of "France and England in mittee on Cooperation in Latin the New Hebrides," says that if the present conditions continue another America and the Committee of Ref- twenty years there will be no natives erence and Counsel in New York, left, and when there are no natives Senor Ignacio Calderon, Minister of there can be no whites, for industry Bolivia in the United States, made cannot be carried on without native an appeal for mission work among labor. Bolivian Indians. He said that in spite of their great degradation, they A ustralian Christian World. showed the keenest desire for an education, whenever given an oppor- lllsslons in Java tunity. Boys usually appear at school an hour before the time of SINCE the population of Java is opening. The Brazilian government predominantly Mohammedan, and has lately given commendable atten- therefore Oriental, the acceptance of tion to improving the miserable con- Christianity means to them becoming dition of Indians, and has established Europeans_ The great difficulty in some schools, but not enough teach- mission work among the Javanese, ers are available. therefore, is found in convincing them that it is possible to accept the New School for Girls in Rio Gospel and remain themselves nation- ally. The active power of the Chris- SITE has been secured in the tian faith is accordingly presented by A finest residence section of Rio iHdirect method, such as medical and de Janeiro for a Methodist school for educational work. Four Dutch-Javayoung women at a cost of $152,500. nese Christian schools are in opera- There are two pieces of property, tion within the settlements of the one being a mansion occupied by Dutch Reformed Mission, with their three successive barons in the days of staffs recruited in Holland. Colportthe former empire, and this has age is carried on, supplying those placed the school in good repute with who have learned to read by the help the leading families of the city. Ad- of Christian missions with thousands ditional buildings will no doubt be of Scripture portions and helpful acquired from time to time. books.

The school will open in June, and It was formerly thought that thE the Christian ideals for which it Javanese mind was incapable of bestands will be of immense value in ing roused to s.ocial or spiritual acall educational and evangelical work tivity, but the past ten years have clone in Brazil. wrought a marked change in this view. I~LANDS OF THE SEA The Banner. Fate of New Hebrides lUSCELLANEOUS HE population of the New Heb- T rides, it is estimated, has de- Gospel Distribution creased by a third in the past eight vears. In the once thickly populated THE American Bible Society cites Torres group there are now actually many lay workers who are helpless than 100 natives left. The de-

ing the cause without remuneration. To Study Temperance and Moral Wel- A street, car conductor in Dallas, Texas, has in the year past spent a fare tenth of his income in buying copies of John's Gospel, which he; has put W ORLD Temperance and Moral in the hands of every man in the Welfare in Asia and Africa street car service in the city .who will be the subject of inquiry by the promises to read it. A railway con- Interchurch World Movement. An ductor in Texas is also mentioned investigating committee will report on who buys cheap eight-cent Testa- what is being done and what ought to ments by the dozen and gives them be done by the Christian forces of to passengers along the route. to sec- the world to combat the use of alcotion hands and to anyone else who hol and narcotics among backward shows interest. races.

Just before the Brazilian Fleet Some Figures on Mohammedanism started to leave for European waters, a group of Brazilian Christians ob- DR. SAMUEL M. ZWEMER has tained permission to give a copy of pointed out the growth of Mothe New Testament to every man on hammedanism in South America as board. The spirit with which these significant. The unity of Mohamcopies were received gave great en- medanism was never so complete as couragement to extend the work to during its present political collapse. other vessels, in the forts and else- Of the 200,000,000 Mohammedans where. ninety-five million are under British rule, thirty-five under Holland, Christian Music in Favor among Orien- twenty under Russia, sixteen under France, eight under China, thirteen tals under Turkey, and five under Persia. Of these two hundred million Mos- THE growing popularity of our lems about sixty millions are practi- Christian hymns is found in cal pagans, knowing nothing of their countries of the Far East. The re- own religion and being entirely ilcent coronation procession of a literate.

maharajah marched to the stirring Some Interesting Statistics strains of American gospel hymns, As ONE result of Protestant mis- sionary effort during the nineplayed by the potentate's brass band.

Christian music is said to have teenth century, 72,740 Jews were reached its highest development in Burma, where Baptist converts baptized, . making, with their chil- among the natives have been trained dren, an addition of 120,000 to the for the past century in vocal and in- forces of evangelical Christendom.

strumental work. During the same period, 57,300 Jews An Englishman traveling in the were received into Roman Catholic foot-hills of Burma, during the Burmese robber wars, told of sighting communion, and 74,500 into that of the torchlight flares of a large crowd of natives. He and his companions the Greek Church. . were preparing to withstand an attack, when they heard the familiar If the ingathering from the pagan and Moslem world had been in the same proportion, there would now be seven million converts from those strains of "Lead, Kindly Light," sources instead of the actual two coming from the natives, who proved million in the nineteenth century.

to be Burmese Christians. The Protestant Hebrew converts ~ho enter the Christian ministry are In many places Christian hymns three times more numerou;; than like "Rock of Ages" and "Onward those from the ranks of converts Christian Soldiers" are sung or from all other non-Christian faiths.

played by Orientals who are not At least 750 Protestant Jewish con- Christians. World Call. verts are daily engaged in preaching

1.920] NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

the Gospel of Christ Jesus as their other way than: "Be not angry with one business in life. us on account of our sins, as we are not angry." The Task of the Mission to Lepers T HE Mission to Lepers is allied Internationalism in Missionary Work with twelve American and twenty-one British and Canadian MR. GILBERT BOWLES in disdenominational Boards, and in co- cussing ways in which missionoperation with these Boards and with aries can be peace makers among governments seeks to secure hu- the people of China, Japan and mane laws regarding lepers. There Korea, suggests frequent conferences are considerablv more than five hun- of representatives from the three dred lepers in the United States. fields, more exchange of visiting, Eleven years ago there were 9,000 thereby promoting fellowship among cases in the Philippines, but through Chinese, Japanese and Koreans and effective segregation the number has more help for all three nations in now been reduced to 5,100. their combat with social and moral wrongs. The four objectives of the Mission to Lepers are to preach the Gospel to Missionaries to the Chinese are the lepers, to relieve their dreadful already in Japan, working among the suffering, to supply their simple Chinese students in Tokyo, of whom wants, and ultimately to rid the world there are from three to five thousand, and a Korean pastor shepherds a of leprosy. group of Koreans in Shanghai. Mis- Poverty of Heathen Languages sionaries to the Japanese are needed A LINGUIST who essayed to in Korea and China, for in a very translate the parable of the real sense Christian missionaries Prodigal Son for an Indian hill tribe stand between the peoples of these found that their only word for festi- three restive lands.

val carried the meaning of "much Adopting Hospitals beer drinking," so that he had the utmost difficulty in rendering the phrase BECAUSE many people have no "they began to be merry," without interest in the spiritual motives also suggesting drunkenness. This which prompt missionary doctors and instance reveals the problem of the nurses in their healing ministries, translator. Not only heathen hearts the Interchurch World Movement has must be Christianized; their speech a plan by which American cities must be born again, before it can may adopt hospitals in mission lands. convey the great truths of the Bible. Poughkeepsie, New York, has taken the lead in adopting the hospital of The Rev. C. D. Helm, of Rhodesia, -the Union Medical Schoool at Velchief reviser of the Tabele New Tes- lore, So. India. tament, describes how povertystricken that language was in its spir- Among the items to be furnished itual vocabulary. For instance, it by the Poughkeepsie women are had no equivalent for "holy"-no thousands of strips of thin, un- term to express moral purity. . bleached muslin, compresses, wipes, The Ibo language is spoken by 3,- sponges, face masks, lint, operating 000,000 black men in Southern Ni- aprons and caps, absorLent cotton, geria. In their tongue the same bed-linen, utensils and toilet articles.

word had to do duty for "right" and It is thought that many who do "might," and they had no word for not now contribute toward mission- "conscience. " ary enterprises wil! respond when In the island of Fiji, which is now their home town takes definite respon- a Christian country, it has not yet sibility for some hospital in India.

been possible to translate the sixth China, Africa or other remote cor- petition of the Lord's Prayer in any ners of the world.

OBI'l'UARY NOTES lege, Constantinople, has become Mis;sion- Dr. Raynolds of Turkey ary Education Secretary for Congrega- REV. GEORGE C. RAYNOLDS, tional Churches in succession to Dr. Miles M. D., died on February 14 at San Francisco, in the eighty-first B. Fisher, who has become Missionary year of his age and the fifty-first year of his notable service as mis- Education Secretary of the Interchurch sionary of the American Board in Turkey. After a brief period at World Movement. Harput, Dr. Raynolds fifty years ago opened the station at Van which, un- W. ]. WANLESS, *M.* D*., surgeon of the der his leadership, – grew to include high schools, the beginnings of a col- American Presbyterian Mission Hospital lege. a well equipped hospital and extensive industrial operations. This at Miraj, India, has received the Kaisar- station will stand as a monument to i-Hind medal of the first c1as~. Dr. Wan- Dr. Raynolds' ability and Christian daring. less' work during' his twenty-eight years ·DR. Dr. Pettee of Japan in India has had an influence throughout JAMES H. PETTEE, of the Japan Mission of the American the entire country. Board, died suddenly in the Board Rooms, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, on *** February 17. Dr. Pettee first went to Japan in 1878, and at once iden- SADHU ":UNDAR SINGH, Indian evangetified himself with the Japanese people and their interests. He was un- list, started on January 16 for a tour of excelled as a constructive interpreter of Japan. England and America.

Dr. J. McP. Scott of Toronto REV. ":. B. * AYODEL~ ** native of REV. John McPherson Scott, D. D., CAMPBELl" pastor of St. John's Presbyterian Church. Toronto, the past thirty Sierra Leone, West Africa, is the first years, died February 24. For many years Dr. Scott was actively engaged African to receive a scholarship award of in promoting the cause of foreign missions. In 1912 he was selected by $300 at Harvard University. He expects the Presbyterian Church in Canada for the task of visiting all the for- to return to Africa during the summer. eign missions under the church's jurisdiction. DR. J. C. R. ** * of For- MISSIONARY PERSONALS EWING, president Fr.nHNG H. RIWF.l,l, has ,imt completed man Christian College, Lahore, India, rehi~ fiftieth year as a publisher. More than th"ee thousand voll1mes, practically cently suffered from a paralytic stroke in all with the Christian motive, have been published by him during the last half cen- Miraj, India. He is reported as improvtury. ing. *** *** JOHN W. WOOD, D. C. L., secretary of the Protestant EpiscoDal Board of Foreign DR. JOHN F. GOUCHER of Baltimore, Missions. has been elected executive secretary of the Department of Missions and chairman of the Methodist Commission on Church Extension. Education in the Orient, has received the RFv. HFRBF,RT W* . *GA*TES. brother of Japanese imperial decoration of the Order President Caleb F. Gates of Robert Col- of the Rising Sun. Dr. Goucher is now on his sixth visit to the Orient.

*** MISS MARY VAIL ANDRESS of New York City, the only woman to receive the distinRuished service ~medal from the United States government. has gone to Turkey to assist in the Near East Relief.

*** REV. KOGORO USAKI, D. D., has been elected bishop of the Japan Methodist Church to succeed BishoTl Haraiwa. He is a g-raduatc of Kwansei Gakllin, and is the third in the succession of Japanese bishops..

*** lli:v. AND MRS. HF,NRY C. McDOWELL, first miss;onaries to be s·ent to Africa bv the colored constituents of the American Board, have arrived in Angola, VI'est Central Africa.

*** Ln:uT. HENRY ]. FRY, chaplain of the United ~tates Navy, has been appointed as assistant to R. 1;;. Diffendorfer, head of the Hr>me Missions Division of the [nterchurch World Movement.

MJ<' F. '<. BF,N*NF,*TT, *President of the Presbvterian Toman's Board of Home Mis·sions, and other members of the Board.

sailer{ on February 15 for Havana to in- vestigate and report on conditions in the various missiou stations in Cuba. The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper gains in dignity, devotion, solemnity and impressiveness through the consciousness of its being served in cups that are absolutely sanitary, and free from the dangers that are associated with public drinking-cups.

The Holy Communion There is no time in the Christian's life when he comes into closer and more intimate relationship with the Divine than when he sits at the Lord's table. The Christian examines himself and looks forward to the sacrament of communion as a season of blessing. Why not apprcach its celebration with unalloyed joy; dis- carding all fears j thinking only of the wonderful privilege?

A Time of Reverence It is now generally recognized that the Sanitary individual cup increases the attendance because it removes all fear of uncleanliness, and promotes a deeper reverence in the communicant. The Sanita ry Communion Outfit Company offer an improved and sat- isfactory outfit throug'hout, including the highly polished beautiful mahog- any tray here shown. This tray eliminates all noise, is lighter and more easily handled than others and is more in keeping with the furniture of the church than a tray of any other material.

Make your communion service all that it should be; send for free booklet and catalogue (with quotations) .

NOTli:-In many States the law now forbld9 Sanitary Communion Outfit Co. the use of the single cup at the communion 800 57tb Street ~hi~:' y~~s~~~dl~~i~:. ne.fh~~t~t:;:a:~ Rochester, N. Y. unclean and unsanitary. Many thoroughly good Christians have refrained from partaking of communion for this very reason. If you ha'"'1:, not yet adoDted the modern. sanitary communion ('UP. let this be one of yOllr first forward steps in 1920.

Please mention THE MISSIONARY R~VIEW OF 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers

x THE MISSIONARY

For my sermons, I use Korea's Fight for Freedom. By F. A. the large, bold type. Mackenzie. 50 x 8 in. 320 pp, $2 Then by "Just turning Fleming H. Revell Co. 1919. the knob" tl..e o.~ The storv of the fie:ht for inde- t'l1:>~' ,. u,..~~ ",0'1' ,,~ pendence, especially as it culmi- ~'I'~"6 CO'l''I'6S~O~~e~oe. nated in the spring of 1919, is bet- ter told here than in any other vol- ( Xy Sunday Schoo£ nottcos. ume. While as author of "The! Tragedy of Korea" Mr, Mackenzie "Many Typewriters In One" has been charged with false state- ments in his presentation of that Would IJOU like to know tohlJ the country's sad pligM, the docu- Multiplex Hammond is so popular with ments here printed and others in ALL cJ.aue& of people? We can tell you manuscript known to be wholly in laur words: trustworthy, are the truth about Japan's relations to her new pos- Because of Its venatilityl The Multiplex Hammond does sessions. To say that her seizure ~~~Tng~.i~~ t~t~~u ~rf.!,;1::n ~~~ of Korea is no worse than that of European Powers in stealing Afriknob" you can cha.nge from one style ca from the Africans is not to the or type, or Crom one language, to an- point, This is the twentieth cenother. Note the above specimen tury, and the Japanese Empire (Slightly reducod) all written an the prides itself upon being abreast the SAME machine:. times in matters affecting human- ity, The revelations here made No Other TypeW1'iter Can:Do ThJ. show how very thin is the veneer No matter who of civilization which she has has- ~ily attached to an ancient barbar- you are, what you Ism. are, or where you are, the Multiplex From the opening of the Her- Hammond i. the m~t Kingdom and Japan'5 fir5t ~t{;'llu~""A~ great false move, the emeute of the coupon for Dec. 4, 1884, the story of wrongs troo folder. done by that nation–with' no men- tion unfortunately of the material Also a PORTABLE Model benefits brought to Korea by Ja- pan-awakens deep indignation to- Full capacity. Weight ..bout 11 pound•. ward the instigators of the cruel Ask for special folder, Mailed tree. atrocities. The story is told chrono- logically and covers misdeeds from Inquire about special terms the assassination of the Korean . to professional. Queen through Japanese orders in 1895, down to the happenings of ~ _____ ______ .Free Folder____________ .. last year.

THE HAMMOND TYPEWRITER CO. But the volume has other in- terests. It sketches the early ef- 577 Ea.t 69th St., New York City. forts for freedom under the old regime, and it is an inspiration to Please 80nd tree Folder to: read of such a hero as Syngman Name,_ _ __ Rhee of the Independence Club. A d d r e s s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ The "New Era," with Marquis lto OccupaUoD ________________ as its hope, darkened shortly into deep gloom, after Koreans and for- eigners, missionaries and others, had been basely or cruelly treated. The abdication of the Korean Em- [Continued on Page XII]

WITH The mark of a book written to meet a

PURPOSE Constructive and Challenging Publications V of Religious Leaders of Today The Army and PUBLISHED Religion Among PUBLISHED Religion FEB. 1 American Men FEB. 15 Edited by D. S. CAIRNS, D. D. As revealed by a searching study of conditions in Preface by the Bishop of Winchester the AmerIcan army.

Perhaps. as never before, the British Army during First-hand info"mation on the "eal attitude of the the Great War represented a Bort of cross-section of American soldier to Ohristian life and organized the nation's life. Here, then. was an exceptional Ohrlstlanity. A challenge to the Ohurch. opportunity for an enlightening analysis of an l;trmy Cloth, $1.50 that represented the life of the men of the nation The Dlateria1 for this book was gathered under itself. direction of the "Committee on the War and the "It would be difficult to p"esent the religious Religious Outiook"–consisting of &~ch men as: revelation and results of the war more skillfully and judicionslythan they are presented in thisreport."- Robert E. SpeM. Cloth, $2.00 WILLIAM ADAMS BROWN God and the Struggle for GEORGE w. COLEMAN Existence PUBLISHED W. H. P. FAUNCE JAN. 15 HARRY EMER"ON FOSDICK B. H. STREETER HENRY CHURCHILL KING FRANCIS J. McCONNELL A simple, straightforward assertion based on both CHARLES S. MACFARLAND biology and history, of tbe solid grounds we have for WILLIAM DOUGLAS MACKENZIE °tbe 1arger hope"-a reaffirmation in these days of SHAILER MATHEWS persistent questioning, of the fundamental relation of ROBERT E. SPEER God to the universe and to the individual life. ANSON PHELPS STOKES Cloth, $1.50 That One Face A NOTABLE Missionary Outlook in PUBLISHED 1919 BOOK the Light of the War MAR. I RICHARD ROBERTS A serie.;. of reading studies for twelve weeks Also prepared by the Comm.ittee on the War marked by spiritual insight, inteUectual keenness, and the Religious Outlook. and literary skill, which show the distinctive im~ pression made by Jesus on ten of the world's great I. p"esentation, by recognized experts. of the poets and prophets and thus' 'help men and women to missionary enterprise as the fullest expression of reach a good judgment about Jesus" for themselves. noblest ideals In the World War. the cbanged out- look In p"actlcally every mission field. and the new Cloth, $1.25 light thrown on missionary principles and policies.

Between HAS COMMANDED Cloth, $2.00 MARKED Two Worlds ATTENTION JOHN HESTON WILLEY Two 1919 "Everyday Life" books which have been notably successful "The Great Adventure" has called millions of Building on Rock ~h~.~ :e~h~n o~~e qb:~ti~~: ;;re~:~t~iV;::g fh:h~~: after. This fearless and unconventional discussion HENRY KINGMAN throws a renewed light from the Bible on SOlle ot Thin paper, art leather doth, round cornered, the eternal mysteries. . Cloth, $1.25 pocket size, 9Oc.

Harry Emerson FOSDICK'S "Everyday A thoughtful book which seeks to meet the de- Life" books which continue their mand of our day for reality in religion by studying phenomenal appeal: what J esu…:; showed to be essential to a life built on eternal foundations. Arranged for daily reading and Thin paper, art leather cloth, round ('ornered, study during 10 weeks. poc]mt size edition.

The Meaning of Prayer, $ .90 Marks of a World Christian The Meaning of Faith, 1.15 The Manhood of the Master, .90 DANIEL JOHNSON FLEMING The Christian Citizenship Thin paper, art leather cloth, round cornered, Training Program pocket size, 90c.

A NEW. fourfold program tor boys-ot unusual An analysis of "the mind which each Christian interest to all leaders of boys, and to parents. should bring to bear upon the world," which comes with an unusually fresh and vigorous appeal in these Wrltefor illustrated days when we hear mUch of world citizenship and descriptive circular need to realize that we must be world Ohristians if Chrir..tians at all. Arranged for daily reading and study during 9 weeks.

Ask your bookstore ASSOCIA TION PRESS or write us 347 Madison Avenue, NEW YORK Please mention TH~ MISSIONARY RSVll~W ot 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers • New rHE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Spring. Books [Continued from Page XI Present Day Definition of Christianity peror and its hollowness and scenic By Laura H. Wild display; the author's personal epi- Foreword by Mary E. Woolley, Fresldent sode of daring when he visited of Mount Holyoke College the "Righteous Army," followed by Have we the right to re-define Chdstianity? Miss Wild proves his stay with the rebel forces, the that we have-that a growing, vital people must have a grow- missionaries whos.e attitude was ing, vital Christianity. Po~t­ paid $1.35. and has been loyal despite the The Bible as a gradual hampering of their act!vi- Community Book ties and the attempted Japamza- By Arthur E. Holt tion of the Christian Church; tor- The age-long "fight for justi?e and social faith" culminated m ture a la mode in 1911, with Baron Christ's teachings. Dr. Holt's book traces the Bible's record of Yun Chi-ho in the center of the the growth of the community idea and applies Christ' f' plan to stage; and lastly the Independ.ence the life of today. PriCI' ~aper, 90c; cloth, $1.35. movement of 1919, are acts III a The Ultimate Quest tragedy that is deeply interesting.

By Katherine Gerwick The book concludes with two chap- Ten chapters of the evolution of ters on world reactions and a God's plan for a friendly world as shown by a study of the vari- discussion of what Christians can ous conditions of women's life the world around. Some of the do in this most important case. chapter headings are: Women's Work for Women; The Gift of "Everything!" is Mr. Mackenzie's Health; The Art of Living To- gether. Price 60c. reply. Individual Christians, the Fellowship Prayers Church, statesmen, and the Jap- By Sarah T. Dickinson anese themselves are all appealed A volume of prayers for special occasions: of Patriotism, of Fel- to for help. But-1919 is a long lowship, for Outdoors, for Rejoic- ing, for Church Seasons. A book time ago, and we are busied and of helpful "Gathered Orisons" especially helpful to women troubled by a thousand events and in conducting public prayer. Leatherette 8Sc. problems at home, and probably BOOKSHOPS EVERYWHERE nothing will be done,-alas! ()r The Truth About China and Japan.

THE WOMANS PRESS By B. L. Putnam Weale. Maps. 5Y.

600 Lexington Avenue x 8 in. 248 pp. $2 Dodd, Mead & Co. New York City 1919. Mr. Simpson, under tthe pen name of B. L. Putnam Weale, has previously ~iv~n these st~dies. in Asia, a penodlcal of growmg Im- portance for the Far East. The volume is a sequel to other stu~­ ies in his "Fight for the Repubhc in China." In that book Mr.

"Weale" contends that Japan has a double policy, one for the <;lrient and the other for the Occident; that she uses military power and secret loans to advance the first, and diplomacy and publicity the second; and that this intricate mat- ter can be understood only by studying the history of the remote past. .. . Mr. Simpson carnes on hIS 1IJ- vestigation through sources made up of documents of state, sundry agreements, some of them secret, government tables, etc. From this [Continued on Page XIV] Please mention THJt MISSIONARY ReVIEW OF' 'tInt WORLD in writing to advertisers Books on Themes for Mission Study, 1920-21 The Near East: Cross-Roads of the World By WILLIAM H. HALL. Ready in April.

Dr. Hall traces back to. their causes the unsettled condition of the Near East, and leads the reader on, in a straightforward, logical way, to estimate the probable results of its long period of oppression and repression. Illustrated. Price, Cloth. 75c; paper, SOc; postpaid.

The Church and the Community By RALPH E. DIFFENDORFER. Ready in April.

Each chapter in this book discusses a vital subject; they are entitled !'Community Life," "Economic Factors," "Cooperation," "Houses and Housing," "Complex Community Situations," and "Community Leadership." This book will make a wide appeal. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

A Better World By TYLER DENNETT. Ready in April.

Mr. Dennett has been studying international situations as they developed at the Peace Conference, with a special emphasis on the application of the new patriotism. Price, doth, $1.50; paper, 75c; postpaid.

Frank Higgins: Trail Blazer By THOMAS D. WHITTLES. Ready in April.

The story of the home niissionary who .'found" the neglected lumberjacks of Minnesota, and ministered to them faithfully, but by original methods, for many years. Illustrated. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

Shepard of Aintab By ALICE SHEPARD RIGGS. Ready Soon.

An inspiring story of Dr. Fred Douglas Shepard, the famous medical missionary to Aintab, in Asiatic Turkey. The story describes his woek, his play, his hunting trips, and his encounters with the warlike Kurds. Written by his daughter. Illustrated. Price, cloth, 7Sc; paper, SOc; postpaid.

Order from your Denominational Board, or from the Interchurch World Movement of North America SALES DEPARTMENT 45 West 18th Street New York City These Books THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY Let the Presidents Speak [Conttnued from Page X I 1] "I have heen documentary evidence (which forms praying an appendix of nearly 100 pages) three years he makes it evident in the main for these section of the book why there should be conflict between the two books." countries. In the sixteenth cen- tury a long struggle between Ko- -PAUL RADER rea and Japan began in which China fought for her vassal, and Moody Church. Chicago which finally led to Japan's with- G. W. McPHERSON drawal. At last Japan snatched the prize from suzerain China, and What Do Yon Think? later still when Japan began her covert policy in China itself, one "These books will reach a sale of 50,- sees the seeds of permanent enmity. OOO."-Dr. Curtis Lee Laws, in Wutch- rapidly growing. The third chap- ter, upon the settlement of the Chi- 1'J1an-E~aminer. nese problem, states alternatives to the question, "Is it possible for the DR. LEN G. BROUGHTON rebirth of China to be consum- mated in the face of the imperial- "One of the ablest presentations of the istic ambitions of her neighbor?" religious questions that has appeared in our The affirmative answer will come, day." the author says, if the dominant factors in the situation, the mari- DR. JAMES M. GRAY time Powers, adopt the right pol- icy. "It is the only book of its kind." The final chapter, "If Japan Re- DR. A. C. DIXON fuses?" is full of food for thought. Entering the realm of international "r am stirred by your book. It is like politics in 1894 when Japan de- feated China in Korea and dea voice from the Old Testament Prophets. posited the gold indemnity in Lon- don, "Weale" thinks that in 1905 DR. MARK A. MATTHEWS Japan was guil~y of her first great act of immorality in the negotia- "Should be on the desk of every preach- tions affecting the Russo-Japanese er, in the horne of every Christian, and War settlement, when she invaded read by every patriotic American citizen." China in Manchuria. From then on, her Monroe Doctrine went LOS ANGELES BIBLE INSTITUTE from bad to worse until the Shan- tung agreement of the Allies, only "Rush by express 100 copies of your great partly Japan's fault, yet the aim book." of her ambition. With the Minis- try of War above the Japanese BIBLE CHAMPION, NEW YORK Diet, there seems to be little hope in view of what the Ministry has ''We know of no books containing such done. It is gone entirely, unless a world of information of such vital the final appeal to Europe to ininterest to parents whose children are tervene is heeded. attending educational institutions. The result of the author's examination of The volume will not appeal to text-books is so appalling as to warrant any except serious readers accusthe titles of his books. Every parent tomed to weighing evidence and should read them." interested in international politics.

The Crisis in Church and College. VoL I.

Second edition, enlarged and revised. Cloth, $1. 75 net (256 pages) The Modern GonRiet Over the Biblt!. Vol. II.

Second edition revised and enlarged Cloth. 232 pages, $1. 75 net Companion books YONKERS BOOK COMPANY Order Direct YONKERS, N. Y.

[Continued on Page XVI] Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY REV1F~W OJ? 'tHE WORLD in writing to advertisers The Crying Need of Russia Russia is a Menace to Europe, Asia and America Because Slavs have been ul'educated in Christian ideals Theyhave had the form of religion without the powe: They have pot been taught to know the Bible While they have a reverently religious nature They have not unr1.erstood evangelical Christ:anity They have worshipped ikons and bepn led by ignorant priests But they have not learned to follow Jesus Christ Intellectual trainipg has been divorced from Christianity Students have been trained in infidelity The bourgeois have failed to exhibit Christian principles Bolshevism has resulted The great need in Russia today is Christian educ£"tion Bibles and Christian literature should be distributed Bible teachers and evangelica' preachers should be trained The masses should be taught to know and follow Jesus Christ He alone will cure Bolshevism and other evils Think of the immense fields that need yonr help: Russia 185,000,000 Czecho-Slavonia 13,500,000 5,000,000 Roumania 15,000,000 Greece 6,000,000 Bulgaria 5,000,000 Afghanistan 8,200,000 Jugo-Slavia 12,100,000 Galicia Including about 9,000,000 Jews The Russian Bible and Evangelization Society Will you send preachers, teachers and Scripture Colporteurs to Russia? Will you help to heal this open sore of Europe and Asia? Will you help to place a Bible in every home of these 250,000,000 stricken people? Will you help to send without delay preachers and teachers already trained to these hungry distressed millions? Will you help to train those who have been called by God for this work?

Send your contribution to: COL. E. N. SANCTUARY, Treasurer, (Vice-President Victor Standard Typewriter Co.) Scranton, Pa., or 156 Fifth Avenue, New York Address communications to the Secretary-Director of the Society, J. PERTELEVITCH RAUD 156 Fifth Avenue, New York City Officers and Founders of the Society George C. Howes, President HowardA.Kelly,M.D.,Vice-Pres. A. C. GaebeIein, Chairman Sidney T. Smith, Vice-Pres. DavidJ.Burrell,D.D.,Vice-Pres. G. Pertelcvitch Raud,Sec.-Direc. George W. Carter, D. D. Col. E. N. Sanctuary, Treasurer Charles E. Gremmels Hon. Selden P. Spencer, Mo. Chas. M. Alexander Edgar W. Work, D. D. James E. McArthur Horace L. Day Oscar Rixson Gove G. Johnson, D. D. Alwyn Ball, Jr. Don O. Shelton The officers, including the Secretary-Director of this Society, give their services free.

Please mention TH£ MISSIONARY R£v[~w OF TH£ WORLD in writing to advertisers YOU CAN STAY AT HOME THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY and [Continued from Page XIV] PREACH THE GOSPEL TO The Meaning of the War for Religious MOHAMMEDANS Education. By Robert Wells Veach, M. A., D. D. 12mo. 254 pp. through $1.50 net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New York. The American Christian Literature Society for Moslems Education is one of the chief fac- tors in ,the making of history. It (IncoJ'porated in 1915 makes the African different from the Hindu, the American from the This Society is Interdenominational. German. What children are taught Committees of Missionaries Cooperate on in their homes, within schools, by their books and by public lectures the Fields.. and sermons determines their The Literature is Arlapted to Moslems. ideals, their habits and their idea The Messages are ThoroughlY Evanj!"elical of God. The War has taught many The Tracts are Printed Attractivelv. lessons, but the lessons learned by They go where no Missionaries are allowed. the present generation will deter- They can be read in secret and repeatedly. mine whether or not there will be another war. It is therefore ex- Many Moslems have been converted tremely important that the events through tracts. of the past six years, and even the preceding decades, be studied to Will you help give MoalematheGospel? discover their meaning and their in- fluence on character and history. W: 119 for Informatton as to membenhlP. needs. sample l1'aet8. meetings 01 auxiliaries, &lite., to Dr. Veach, who served in France under the Y. M. CA. during the MRS. JAMES MONTGOMERY, Secrelar, War and was formerly director of Religious Education of the Presby- Box 888, New York City terian Board of Publication and Sabbath School Work, has under- OTllBR OrrICJlR8 or THlIi 8OCDl'r taken the difficult and important task of interpreting the War as a Rey. Samuel M. Zwewer. D.D., of Cairo, President. schoolmaster to lead us to Christ. Dr. Roben E. Speer. 01 New York. Vloe-Prestdent. In a chapter on "The School Mas- Delavan L. Menon, of New York, Vlc.,…Presldent. ter at Sedan," the author points out that the task of reconstructing Dr. Same! L. Barton. Mrs. Wm. Borden.. education around the idea of mak- Dr. Frank MaaoD Nortb. Mr.. Wm. B. Hill. ing a world wide Christian citizen- Mr. Fennell P. Turner. MUm Anna L. Dawes. ship means placing greater empha- Dr. Cbarles H. TYnd.an. M …. Finley S. Shepard.. sis on moral and spiritual educa- Dr. CharlM R. Watson. Mn. D. L. PlenlOD. tion, as well as keeping up with physical and intellectual develop- BliND nrJ'TB oro ment. He recites many significant Mra. E. E. OJoon. 322 w. 76t.b St.. New York, Trull. incidents frem war days and gives fourteen educational laws of re- HARTFORD ligious education brought out for- cibly by the war. These deductions W. Douglas Mackenzie President are the laws of faith, of prayer, of reverence, of virtue, of self-control, Theological Seminary of expression, of cuhure, of the ideal, of the Cross, of liberty, of Dean, M. W. Jacobus leadership, of self-determination, of the fourfold life, and of social con- School of Religious Pedagogy tacts.

Dean, E. H. Knight Som'e of these we might classify differently but they all relate to Kennedy Schoo! of Missions Dean, E. W. Capen ThroHgh tnese as.sodated schools Hartford offers full training for: 1. The Christian ministry. 2. The whole field of religious edu- cation. 3. The foreign field.

Eaeh School has its independent faculty and its own institutional life, and together they form one interdenominational institution with the unity of common aim and spirit.

[Continued on Page XVIII) Ple:J.se mention THlC MISSIONARY R:E;vIlCW Oli' IH~ ,VORLD in writing to advertisers

XVII

Co-operative contacts with the frontier fields are made by the following Baptist Agencies: The American Baptist Home Mission Society · CHARLES L. WHITE, Executive Secretary, 23 East 26th Street, New York City, N. Y.

American Baptist Publication Society G. N. BRINK, General Secretary, 1701 Chestnut Street, Phiiailelphia, Pa.

The New World Movement provides for a large increase of colpottermissionaries.

These devoted servants of Christ, working in the sparsely settled, isolated and lonely places, conduct meetings in the school houses and homes. hold many religious conversations, dist.ibute tracts, and sell or give away copies of the Bible and New Testament.

In Colorado, Montana and Wyoming the salaries and expenses of these men are paid by The American Baptist Home Mission Society from funds designated for this purpose. In the other states The American Baptist Home Mission Society pays the salaries and The American Baptist Publication Society provides for the equipment :md expenses.

In many arms and inlets of Coos Bay and The colporter-missionary spends his time Puget Sound are numerous islands and in the open. Often he cannot reaeh the villages where pioneer .conditions prevail. distant locality where a service is to be held unless he starts early and camps for supper Many of these isolated communities cannot be reached except by water transportation. beside the Long TraiL Hence the Gospel Cmiser.

The colporter-missionary goes from· home to home, holds religious conversations and sells or gives away books, Bibles and New Testaments. On Sunday he preaches wherever he can gather a small group of people to hear the gospel. It is hard to tabulate the results of his . work, but a single visit from this man of God has often changed the outlook of a whole family.

Please mention THE MISSroNARY RltvtEW or 'tHlt WORLD in writing to advertisers THE MISSIONARY LIBRARY [Continued from Page XVII subjects that merit consideration.

Dr. Veach strongly advocates re- organizing the Church for religious education. He recommends com- munity schools of religious educa- IF YOU WISH tion as well as denominational agencies, the pulpit, the home and New Hymn Books the church school. The book de- serves a thoughtful reading, espe- cially by religious leaders.

for Church, S. S. or Chapel, The New Christian Studies in Stew- write liS of you needs. We ardship. By Ralph S. Cushman. can satisfy YOll. Pamphlet 150 pp: Centenary Con- servation Committee, 111 Fifth A. S. Barnes Company, Avenue, New York, 1919.

30 Irving Place, New York. Stewardship or trusteeship of possessions is receiving new con- sideration in these days, and is helping to make new Christians.

Mr. Cushman, the Director of the Stewardship Department of the In- terchurch World Movement, has given some thoughtful studies in this little booklet. They are Bibli- cal and experimental, but some- what superficial and disjointed.

Most of these books on steward- ship suffer by contrast with the classic prepared by David McCon- READ THE NEW BOOK aughy, "Money, the Acid Test." Mr. Cushman's seven studies in- By.T. M. STANFIELD clude quotations, outlines, refer- ences and suggestions on the rela- CHRIST'S SECOND COMING tion of property, character, God and the use and giving of money.

The volume closes with a cate- "This little brocb ure is a fine showing chism on stewardship and tithing.

of the Post-Millennia! view of the Second The Tragedy of Bitlis. By Grace H. Coming of our Lord. The autbor, by a Knapp. 12mo. 160 pp. $1.00 net. full appeal to Scripture, demolishes the Fleming H. Revell Co., New York, main positions, and' riddles with grape- 1919. shot the outworks of the Pre-Millennia! advocates. .This story of Armenian suffering is not pleasant reading-but neith- er is the story of the Crucifixion.

"For a brief, clear, sane and satisfac- Bitlis is an Armenian town in Kur- distan where many were massacred tory treatment of tbe subject discussed, and from wh1ch thousands of wom- en were deported. It is a stirring this compact booklet is equal to the story of heroism and of service as best." – The Christian I nl.lligenceT.

PRICE 35 CENTS well as of suffering. This account of a former missionary is from the PUBLISHED AND SOLD BY narratives of eye-witnesses, Miss Shane and Miss McLaren, who J. M. STANFIELD passed through the siege and mas- Cleveland, Tennessee. sacres, and were the means of sav- ing many women and girls from the Turks.

Please mentlOn THJt MISSIONARY RItvntw 01' 'tHlI: WORLD in writing to advertisers NEW BOOKS New Doran Books Bractical Interchurch Methods. By A NATIONAL SYSTEM OF A. F. McGarrah. 12 mo. 335 pp. $1.75. Fleming H. Revell. 1919. EDUCATION Prol. W. S. Athearn Training the Christian Reserves. By G. The author of THE CHURCH SCHOOL presents Franklin Ream. 16 mo. 90 pp. Meth- practical plans for a nation· wide advance in relig- odist Book Concern. The New Spirit in Industry. By F. ious ed1.cation. Net, Sl.50 Ernest Johnson. 95 pp. $0.75. As- TALKS TO SUNDAY SCHOOL sociation Press. 1919. TEACHER ~ Luther A. Weigle The New Social Order. By Harry F. Bible school workers will find this continuation Ward. 8vo. 384 pp. $2.50. The Mac- millan Co. New York. 1920. of THE PUPIL AND THE TEACHER equally Negro Year Book. An Annual Ency- clopedia of the Negro. By Monroe helpful and inspiring. Net, $1.25 N. Work. 8yo. 523 pp. $1.25. Tus- kegee Institute. THE USE OF THE STORY Marks of a World Christian. By D. J. Fleming. $0.75 Association Press. IN RELICIOUS EDUCATION 1919. Come Ye Apart. Companion volume Margaret W. Eggleston to My Daily Meditation. By J. H. A recognized expert tells where to find and how to U5e the right story for eve;-y occasion. Net, SI.50 Jowett. 12mo. 254 pp. $1.50. Flem- ing H. Revell. 1919. THE SOUL OF The Truth About Korea. By C. W. Kendall. 12mo. 104 pp. $1.00 Ko- ABRAHAM LINCOLN rean National Association. Philadel- phia. 1919. William E. Barton, LL.D., D.D. The Far East Unveiled. By Frederick Coleman, Houghton Mifflin Co. An intimate, historical study of the evolution of the 1919. Albania, the Master Key to the Near spiritual life of Lincoln, in no way controversial, East. By C. A. Dako. 8vo. 290 pp. $3.50. E. L. Grimes Co., Boston. but the result of original and thorough investigation. 1919. 8vo. Net, $4.00 Indo·China and Its Primitive People. By Henry Bandesson. 328 pp. 16s. LEONARD WOOD Cons.rvator 0 Hutchinson. London, 1919. Americanism Sadhu Sundar Singh, Called of God. A Biography Eric Fisher Wood By Mrs. Arthur Parker. 88 pp. is Is. 3d. Christian Literature Society for Wood's career of astounding accomplishment as India. 1919. surgeon, soldier, administrator and exponent of The Appeal of India. By J. C. Rob- Americanism is here recorded for the first time. A bins. 100 pp. Luzac, London. 2s fascinating and inspiring story of which all Amer- 6d. 1919. icans will be justly proud. Net, $2.00 In and About Palestine with Notebook and Camera. By A. Forder. IUus. A BETTER WORLD 191 pp. 3s. 6d. 1919. Tyler Dennett g~:~::r~~~~c.:i~y~::,":~t Inter- A Modern Experiment in Apostolic Missions. By A. R. Short. Illus. With convincing earnestness and insight the author 94 pp. 2s. 6d. Harris, Bristol. 1919. sets forth the necessity oj Christian idealism in the Encyclopedia of Islam. A dictionary of the geography, ethnography and solution of world-wide social and industrial prob- biography of Mohammedan peoples. E'dited by M. T. Houtsma and oth- lems. . Net, $1.50 ers. 385 pp. Luzac, London, 1919. SPIRITUAL VOICES Redemption, Hindu and Christian. By Sydney Cave. 263 pp. lOs. 6d. Ox- IN MODERN LITERATURE ford University Press. 1919. Trevor H. Davies, D.D. Selling All to Buy the Field. By Mar- shall BroomhaIL 47 pp. 7d China Uplifting spiritual interpretations of literary master- Inland Mission. 1919. pieces. "It should find a wide favor."- A Program for Friendly Relations be- tween Mexico and the United States. New York Post. Net, $2.50 Pamphlet. Committee on Coopera- tion in Latin America. 1920. A NEW TRANSLATION Africa-Slave or Free. By J. H. Har- OF THE NEW TESTAMENT ris. 244 pp. 6s. The Student Chris- James MoHatt, D.D. tian Movement. 1919. New pocket edition, India paper, 3Y;;"xS" leather The School of Mother's Knee. By Margaret T. Applegarth. 12mo. 249 stamp cloth, round comers, gilt edge. Net, $1.25 pp. $1.50. Woman's American Bap- tist -Foreign Mission Society. 1920. Limp Morocco, leather lined, ronnd comers, gilt edge. Net, $3.50 Pocket edition, thin pal'er. Cloth. 16mo. Net, $1.25 GEORGE H. DORAN COMPANY 244 Madison Avenue New York Publishers in America for Hodder & Stoughton "please mention THJt MJSSlONARY RnVIEW OF THE WORLD in writing to advertisers Now the Church Has Taken . A Leaffrom Successful Business D o you kno~ why nine out of A few of the facta that must every ten business ventures be met: fail? -So long as half the children The an.wer is the same i~ prac- of India die before their second ticallyall cases: They Jacked the year pur own children are not facts! safe.

Business cannot succeed ",..ith- -So long as China has only out facts. one doctor for every 400,000 people, every ship from China to The Church cannot prosper with· our shores threatens the probout facts. ability of plague for us.

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The Missionary Review of the World — 1916 Index

<The ~issionary

CJ?..eviecw of the Worlel VOL. XXXIX. OLD SERIES VOL. XXIX. NEW SERIES Founded in 1878 by Editot-in-Chief. 1888 to 1911 REV. ROYAL G. WILDER, D.D. REV. ARTHUR T. PIERSON. D.D.

JANUARY TO DECEMBER, 1916 EDITOR DELAVAN L. PIERSON ASSOCIATE EDITORS BELLE M. BRAIN REV. D. L. LEONARD, D.D.

EDITORIAL COUNCIL REV. LEMUEL CALL BARNES, D.D. REV. S. G. INMAN BISHOP HUGH L. BURLESON, S.T.D. REV. GEORGE HEBER JONES, D.D. W. T. DEMAREST . MRS. HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY W. E. DOUGHTY REV. H. F. SWARTZ, D.D. REV. JOHN C. FAGG, D.D. REV. F. C. STEPHENSON, M.D. REV. W. H. GRIFFITH THOMAS F. P. TURNER HARRY WADE HICKS REV. STANLEY WHITE, D.D.

PUBf.ISHED BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY 156 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ROBERT E. SPEER, President MRS. HENRY W. PEABODY FRANK L. BROWN, Vice-President FLEMING H. REVELL WALTER McDOUGALL, Treasurer DICKINSON W. RICHARDS DELAVAN L. PIERSON, Secretary MRS. A. F. SCHAUFFLER REV. CHARLES R. WATSON, D.D. PROF. HARLAN P. BEACH

BY THE MISSIONARY REVIEW PUBLISHING COMPANY Printed in the United States

OF ONE VOLUME OF THE MISSIONARy REVIEW OF THE

Each year the 11ISSIONARY REVIEW contains the equivalent of 21 volumes, a complete library of Missions, on the history. methods, principles, and progress of Missions, and the lives of Missionaries and Native Converts. Each small volume would contain about 30,000 words (150 pages).

INDEX FOR 1916 MAPS, CHARTS AND CARTOONS PAGE PAGE Asia, Russian Advance in …………………. 328 Porto Rico, Evolution in………………….. 863 China, Comparative Size of United States and.. . . 89 South America, Comparative Size of. . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Etah District, India… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 137 – Missionary Map of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 248 Gifts to Foreign Missions, 1902-1915………… 87 Sudan and the Mandingo Country, West Africa… 408 Indian Pennies, Mile of… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 860 Turkey; Yesterday, To-day and To-morrow …… 914 Magazine Tree. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 217 What Lack I yet? ……………………… 362 Mexico. Barrier can be Battered Down in …….. 579 Where the Men's Missionary Conventions Were Monument, Your.-What Shall It Be? … . . . . . .. 138 Held this Year, 1915-1916 ……………… 426 PHOTOGRAPHIC ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE PAGE Afghanistan, Group of Afridis Traveling in. . . . . .. 329 Bliss of Syria, Dr. and Mrs. Daniel…. . . . . . . . . .. 746 – Mohammedan Villagers of." …. , , . . . . . . . . .. 333 Blue Ridge, N. C., Latin-American Student Con- Africa, Beginning of a Mission School-First Pupils 412 – Gathering of Kru Mission Converts in ……. 597 ference …………………………….. 351 – Human Fetish in .. , …………………… 601 Boy Scouts Under the Old Roman Aqueduct, Near – Introducing Christian Family Ideals in. . . . . . .. 409 – Mr. Hilford's Pioneer Mission Station in West. 411 Smyrna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 673 – Typical Town Scene in West. . . •. . . . . . . . . . . .. 415 Brazil, Garden in Interior of Evangelical Hospital, – West, White" Ma 's .. Quarters at Akpap. . . . .. 771 African Mother's Meeting, First White Baby at a, RiodeJaneiro ………………………. 117 – Service in the Presbyterian Church of Rio de West ……………………………… 417 America, Making the Foreigner at Home in …… 513 Janeiro ……………………………. 115 – Need of Moral and Spiritual Sanitation in ….. 509 Buddhist Education in Burma… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 American Citizenship, Helping Boys into Christian Burma. Christian Education in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 10 – Christian Karen Jungle Chapel in…………. 12 Manhood and……………………….. 514 – First Christian Baptism at Kaha…………. 15 Armenian Orphans at Work on the Threshing Floor – Great Shwe Dagon Pagoda in Rangoon. . . . . . . . 1 – Native Christian Evangelists in. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 in Van…………………………….. 177 – Two Kachin Women of. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 – Village School Children and Teacher in Van. .. 174 Cabrera, Luis …………………………… 801 Asia Minor, Mission School in ……………… 745 Canal Zone, Balboa Y. M. C. A. Club House in … 189 Assuit College a Force to Evangelize Moslems, –Union Chapel, Cristobal. …………….. 190 – – Wing of Hotel Tivoli. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 191 Those Who Make…………………… , 666 Canton in Celebration of the Suppression of Gam- –FieldDayat………………………. 663 – Student Volunteers for Christian Life Service .. 664 bling………………………………. 575 Baron, The Rev. David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Catholic Industrial School for the Blind, Shanghai. 573 Basket-ball Among Students in Peking… . . . . . . .. 572 Chapel Car, Children's Meeting in ………… , 671 Belgium, City of Tremonde Destroyed by Bom- – – Railroad Men's Noon Meeting in the …… 679 China, Bondage of Filth and Poverty in… . . . . . .. 500 bardment………. " .. , . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. 33 – Child of the Hope Receiving Home Enjoying – Protestant Church at Wasmes in 1850…. . . . .. 35 – Some of the Evangelical Pastors of. . . . . . . . . . .. 37 Noodles in ………………………….. 759 Bliss, Daniel, Statue of. , ….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 751 – Church Missionary Society Girls' School, Fuchau ……………………………. 481 PAGE PAGE China, Continuation Committee in their Fourth An- Korea, Victim of Heathen Law in …………… 501 Korean Colporteur ……………………… , 275 nual Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 689 – Man and Woman …………………….. 904 – "Door of Hope," Bride in ………………. 758 Lake Geneva Conference, Japanese Student Dele- – Girl Escaping to Door of Hope Receiving Home, gation at….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 355 Foochow Road ………………………. 753 Lansing, Secretary ……………………… , 801 – Headquarters of Princeton Y. M. C. A. Work in. 603 Latin-America, Cause and Result in. . . . . . . . . . . .. 844 – In Need-Typical Beggar Out-patient …….. 491 Latin-American Student Conference.. . . . . . . . . . .. 351 – Inside the "Saved by Grace" School. . . . . . . .. 761 Laymen's Missionary Campaigu and Congress – One of the Dying Religions in. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81 – Opportunity for the Ministry of Love in …. " 488 at Washington, D. C., Executive Officers of.. 424 – Republic, Wu Ting Fang and Long Shao Li of Lee, Dr. T. H ………………………….. 571 Lepers, Protestant Chapel for ………………. 357 the ……………………. , ………… 568 Li Yuan Hung………………………….. 570 – Rescued Girl in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 757 Liberia, Kru Devil Preacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 599 – Some Love at Work in …………………. 491 – Kru Girl of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . •. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 598 – Waiting………. " ………………….. 493 Long Shao Yi. ……… '.' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 568 Chinese Houseboat, Starting on a Journey on a … 6-75 "Lovest Thou Me?". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 488 – StudentS at a Northfield Religious Conference.. 353 Mackenzie, W. Douglas …………………… 401 – Students in the Commercial College conducted Malay States, Mahammedan Mosque at Kuala by Princeton Men. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 605 Lumpur.:………………………….. 347 .College Men Conducting a Boys' "Gym Club" Mandingo Girls, Showing National Garment and at Williamstown …………………….. .515 Headdress ………………………….. 413 Constantinople, Dr. Riggs, Dr. Goodell and Dr. Mardan, Dispensary Patients Waiting at the New Schauffier Translating the Bible in. . . . . . . . .. 277 Zenana Hospital. …………………….. 431 – Turkish Quarter of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 721 – Some Out-patients at Zenana Hospital. . . . . . .. 433 Continuation Committee in their Fourth Annual Mathews, Shailer………………………. " 401 McConnell, Bishop F. J …………………… 401 Session, China …………………….. " 689 McQuere, William …………… , …………. 281 Cuba, Girls' Dormitory of the El Cristo Baptist Mexicans Know, Only God Some……………. 581 Mexico, Another Force for Permanent Peace in … 818 School near Santiago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 844 – Group of Country People in Guerrero. . . . . . .. 611 Dervishes in Constantinople, Sect of Whirling. . .. 743 – Independence Day Holiday in……………. 812 Eddy, Geo. Sherwood …………………… " 401 – Members of the American-Mexican Peace Egypt, Students Coming to Chapel at Assuit Conference…………………………. 801 College . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 – Needs a New Program, Why………….. 814,815 Ewing, Arthur.. ,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .. 826 – One of the New Forces for Peace in ……… " 817 Filipinos, the Blessing of Labor, Teaching .. '" . .. 504 – Peon Family at Home in ……………….. 183 Fisherman'S Money-jug…………………… 375 – Political Excitement in…………………. 816 Foreigner at Home in America, Making the …… 513 – Preparedness Program for …………….. " 819 Foreigner's Opinion of America…………… " 511 – Tehuana Matron with a $3,000 Gold Coin Neck- Gambling, Procession in Canton in Celebration of lace, Tehuantepec……………………. 185 the Suppression of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 575 – Tehuana Woman in Wedding Dress, Tehuan- Goodell, Dr., Dr. Riggs, and Dr. Schauffier Trans- tepec ……………………………… 185 lating the Bible in Constantinople. . . . . . . . . .. 277 – Typical Home of the Peon Class in ……….. 181 Gordon, S. D…………………………. " 401 Military Posters Adapted to Appeals for Mis- Hilford, Mr. and Mrs., and Son…………….. 409 India, Babies' Beds in the Plague Hospital at Miraj. 269 sionary Recruits. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 696 -Children's Ward in the Miraj Hospital. ….. 271 Missionary Children Starting for America from – Operating-room in the Preshyterian Mission Van, in Times of Peace……………….. 179 Hospital, Miraj ……………………… 272 Mohammedan Mosque at Kuala Lumpur …….. 347 Industrial School for the Blind, Shanghai. . . . . . .. 573 – Villagers of Afghanistan ………………… 333 Japan, Congregational Church ……………… 337 Moslem. Twins Whom the Missionaries in Smyrna – Facsimile of Card in Card Index. . •. ••. . . . . . .. 653 – Involuntary Missionary in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 648 Kept Alive with Food. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 668 – Rev. Albertus Pieters, at his Desk in Oita. . . . .. 649 Moton, Major Robert R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 106 – Setting Type for Chinese Bibles in the Fuknin Mott, John R .•………………………. 401, 801 National Bible Institute Headquarters ………. 281 Printing-house, yokohama…………….. 273 New Haven, Week-night Meeting at the Yale Hope Japanese Newspaper, Gospel Advertised in a ….. 651 – Nicodemus: Murata Wakasa no Kami. ……. 657 Mission ……………………………. 285 – Rapid Transit when Dr. Thompson Arrived in New York, National Bible Institute Meeting in Tokyo …………………………….. 659 Herald Square ………………………. 279 – Student Delegation at Lake Geneva Conference 355 -Sleeping on the Floor of the National Bible In- Karen Girl, Missionary and a Christian. . . . . . . .. 16 – Jungle Chapel in Burma, Christian… .. . …. 12 stitute's Beacon Light Gospel Hall ………. 283 Kimura San……………………………. 321 Northfield Religious Conference, Chinese Students – with His Wife and Two Daughters……….. , 337 Kimura's Meetings for Japanese, One of ……… 339 at a ……………… : ……………..• 353 Kongo Christian Soldier, Little ……………. , 438 Oldham, Bishop William F ………………… 589 Korea, Sabbath Congregation at Taiku ………. 50S Panama Canal Zone, Balboa Administration Build- – Sunday School Convention •…………….. 881 – Union Evangelistic Hall, Seoul………….. 4 ing and Settlement in the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 187 – City, Street Scene in …………………… 188 – Congress on Christian Work in Latin-America .. 248

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Thompson, Dr. David……………………. 641 Panama, Hotel Tivoli, Where the Congress Met at 249 –and his Students in 1871……………… 655 Pathans of Afghanistan…………………… 331 Tsur, Dr. Y. L………………………….. 571 Peace Conference at Hotel Biltmore, New York, Turk of the Lower Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 739 – Village Scene in the Land of the………….. 736 American-Mexican. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 801 Turkey, Bird's-eye View of Van and the Lake, from Peking, American and Chinese Staff of the Prince- Castle Rock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 173 ton Center in ……………………….. 602 – Castle Rock, iust outside the city of Van. . . . .. 172 – Basket-ball Among Students in. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 572 Turkish Writing………………………… 921 Pierson Memorial Bible School Property in Seoul.. 494 Turks, One Phase of the Religion of the.. . . . . . . .. 743 Pieters, Rev. Albertus, at His Desk in Oita. . . . .. 649 Tuskegee Institute as it was on Commencement Poling, Chang………………………….. 571 Po,ters to Christian Missions, Adapting Military Sunday, 1915……………………….. 101 – – a s it was Twenty-five Years ago ……….. 100 Recruiting…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 695 Underwood, Horace Grant. ……………. 902, 904 Princeton Y. M. C. A. Work in China, Head- Van and the Lake, from Castle Rock, Bird's-eye quarters of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 603 View of. …………………………… 173 Raynolds, Dr. George C., of Van ……………. 170 – Armenian Orphans at Work on the Threshing Reis, Pa,tor Alvaro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 116 Riggs. Dr., Dr. Goodell and Dr. Schauffier Trans- Floorin.. .. .. .. . .. . .. .. . . . . . . .. . .. . .. . … 177 – Village School Children and Teacher in… . . . .. 174 lating the Bible in Constantinople. . . … . . . .. 277 – in Times of Peace, Missionary Children starting Schauffier, Dr., Dr. Riggs, Dr. Goodell Translating for America from.. . .. . .. . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. 179 the Bible in Constantinople…………….. 277 -on the Border, between Russia, Persia, and Seeking Men ……………………………. 511 Shanghai, Catholic Industrial School for the Blind Turkey……………………………. 169 – Place of Refuge-The American Mission Prem- in………………………………… 573 – Home for the First-year Girls of the "Door of ises in …………………………….. 175 – Some of the Buildings of the American Mission Hope ………………………………. 755 Siam, Market Day Scene in Chieng Mai, North .. 499 in ………………………………… 171 – River Boat in the North of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 500 – Turkey, Castle Rock, Just out,ide the city of.. 172 Slessor, Mary N….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 769 Wallace, A. J …………………………… 401 – The Okoyong Household in Scotland………. 770 Wang, Cheng-Ting………………………. 561 Smyrna, Boy Scouts Under the Old Roman Aque- Washington, Booker T……………. ………. 99 – – speaking during the Louisiana Tour of 1915. 103 duct Near………………………….. 673 -influenced the Negro Crowd, How the Negro… 105 – Christian Work Among Starving Moslems in.. 671 – D. C., National Missionary €:ongress in ……. 425 – from Mt. Pagus, View of…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 669 Wasmes, Built in 1901, Third Church at……… 3S – Typical Group of Turkish Children in a Bazaar Wen Shih-Tsen …………………………. 571 Wilder, Amos P …………………………. 401 in………………………………… 670 Wu Ting Fang………………………….. 568 – Typical Street in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 667 Yale Hope Mission, New Haven, Week-night Meet- South America in the Open Air, Evangelical Mis- ing in the ………………………….. 285 sionary Preaching in………………… 844 Yuan Shih-Kai…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 South Americans Worship, What Some ………. 841 Speer, Robert E. ………………………… 241 Speers, James M ………………………… 401 AUTHORS PAGE PAGE ANDERSON, HERBERT….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 265 DUBE, JOHN L …………………………. 205 EDDY, D. BREWER………………………. 451 ANET, HENRI K………………………… 33 BARON, DAVID………………………….. 197 EDDY, G. SHERWOOD …………………….. 443 BARTON, JAMES L ………………………. 774 EMENS. E. A …………………………… 427 BEST, NOLAN R ………………………… 425 FRITCHLEY. E. W ..•…………………….. 682 BLISS, THEODORA CROSBy…….. . ………. 373 GILL, HOPE ………..•…………………. 209 BRAIN, BELLE M ….. 51, 131, 213, 291, 373, 451, 533 GLASGOW, SAMUEL McP……………….. 212 849 GOFORTH, JONATHAN …………………….. 204 693 777 853 GORDO"", A. J.. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .• 130 GORDON, S. DO' ………………………… 820 BROWN, ARTHUR J ……………………… 911 GRENFELL, LORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450 GRIER, M. B…………………………… 201 BROWN, C. MAUD ………………………. 619 GRIFFIS, WILLIAM ELLIOT ………………… 655 BURGESS, JOHN STEWART… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 603 GULICK, SIDNEY L…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • .. 685 BUTLER, JOHN W ……………………….. 813 HAHN, THEO. F…. . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . • .• 38 BUTLER, MRS. JOHN W …………………… 181 HALLIWELL, HERBERT……………………. 278 CABRERA, LUIs…………………………. 831 HARLOW, S. RALPH ……………………… 667 CLARK, J. L …………………………… 426 HAVEN, WM. I. ………………………… 273 CORY, ABRAM E ………………………… 764 HICKS, HARRY WADE ……………………. 845 CROWTHER, J. E ………………………… 449 HILFORD. M. R …•…………………….. 409 CUNNINGHAM, R ………………………… 128 HILL, MRS. WILLIAM BANCROFT……………. 675 CURTIS, PIERSON ……………………….. 279 DANNER, W. M ………………………… 357 DANIELS, MARY LOUiSE ……•……•..••. 132 697

PAGE PAGE HOLST, M. K. S ……………………… 329 431 RICHARDSON, CLEMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • 99 HUDSPETH, W. D ……………………….. 127 RIGGS, C. T …………………….. 737. 915, 939 HUME, ROBERT A ………………………. 350 RINDGE, FRED H……… . ………•. 509 HUNTER, ETHEL HAMILTON…. .. … .. 200 ROBBINS, HOWARD CHANDLER…… 19 HURREY, CHARLES DUBOIS ……………….. 351 ROBBINS. J. C ….. :………….. 932 HUSTED, JAMES D.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 ROBERTS, LORD……… …… . ……. ….. 450 INMAN, S. G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359, 801 Ross, CYRIL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 INNES. GEORGE…………………………. 661 ROWLAND, CHARLES A ……………………. 425 ISMAIL, MOHAMMED ……………………… 827 SAILLENS, RUBEN ……………………….. 289 JEFFERYS, W. H….. . ………………… 490 SANDERS, MRS. ROBERT STUART. . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 JONES, GEORGE HEBER… . . . . . … 590, 803 SCHAUFFLER, MRS. A. F ………………….. 767 JOWETT, JOHN HENRy …………………. 363 495 SCHIEFFELIN, DR. W,LLIAM J.. . . . . . 425 KOMATSU, MmORI. ………….. , ………… 891 SCHULZE, PAUL …………………………. 367 Koo, V. K. WELLINGTON…………………. 763 SCOTT, CHARLES E… ….. ……………. …. 89 LEONARD, GEORGE L….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 595 SHEDD, W,LLIAM A ………………………. 585 MACKAY, ISABELLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 853 SHUEY, E. L ……………………………. 425 MACPHAIL, J. M ……………………….. 369 SINGH, ST. NiHAL ……………………….. 269 MARTIN, MRS. MOTTE …………………… 438 SMITH, EGBERT W ……………………….. 135 MAXWELL, CHARLES H…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 688 SPEER, ROBERT E ………. 109 249.341,517,576, 935 McAFEE, J. ERNEST…………………….. 92$ SPEERS, THOMAS GUTHRIE…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 499 MCCLENAHAN, R. S.. …………………… 6.63 STEAR"S, D. M. ……………………….. 46 M'CRAE, MISS LEE……………………… 525 STUNTZ, HOMER C ….•………………….. 118 METHUEN, LORD ……………………….. , 450 SWARTZ, HERMAN F………………… 192 MEYERS, MISS ANNA EDITH ………………• 677 TANAKA, T …………………………….. 825 MONTGOMERY, HELEN BARRETT.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 TASKER, FRED E….. . . . . . . . 427 MONTGOMERY, JAMES M ………………….. 426 TAYLOR, W. E……… ….. .. ……….. 529 MORRIS, MISS M. C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 753 THWING, E. W…….. ………… 123 MOTT, JOHN R ………………………….. 694 TISDALL, CHARLES E. G…… 347 NASSAU, ROBERT HAMILL …………………. 507 TUCKER, BISHOP………… . .. " ….. 208 OKUMA, COUNT …………………………. 825 UNDERWOOD, MRS. H. G……. 903 OLDHAM, W. F…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ……. 340,592 VAN DYKE. HENRy………….. 772 OSUNA, ANDRES. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 VAN PEURSEM, MRS. G. D… 773 PALMER, FRANCIS…………… 941 WALLACE, MRS. WILLIAM … . 579 PIERSON, DELAVAN L.. …. . . . . . . 419 WANG, C. T …………. . 569 PIERSON, MRS. DELAVAN L ……………….. 335 WEBSTER, GEORGE SmNEY … . 187 PIETERS, ALBERTUS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 649 WHERRY, E. M ……………. . 445 POLLARD, SAMUEL ……………………….• 108 WILLIAMS, MRS. J. M ………. . 218 POTEAT, E. M ………………………….. 428 W,LL,AMS, WALTER B …….. . 597 PRICE, WILLARD ……. , ………………….. 528 WILSON, SAMUEL G …….. . 683 RAYNOLDS, G C …………………………. 169 WINTON, G. B …………. . 611 REIS, ALVARO …………………………… 115 ZWEMER, SAMUEL M ……. . . ……… 24, 523 SUBJECTS * PAGE PAGE ABYSSINIA, Bible in…………………….. 461 Advertising the Gospel in Japan (aJ. A. Pieters .. 649 Africa in 1915………………………….. 3 Afghan Frontier, On the………………….. 627 AFGHANISTAN Remain Closed, How Long Must – !tongolo, The Black Fisherman (b). R. H.

(aJ. M. K. S. Holst ………………….. 329 Nassau…………………………….. 507 – Remain Without Missionaries. How Long Must – Letter from. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 315 (a). M. K. S. Holst …………………. 431 AFRICA, Black Problem in South (b). J. L. Dube 205 – Mass Movement in Central…. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 565 – British Missionaries Interned in .. ………. .. 396 – Busoga Christian Chief in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 711 – Missionaries Returning to West. …………. 325 – Consecrated to Work for Moslems ………… 632 – Drink for ……………………………. 462 – Moslem Woman Defies a Sheikh ………….. 555 – East, Effects of War in…………………. 875 – East, Unfinished Task in ……………….. 712 – New Mandingo Association in…….•…….. 872 – Experiment in East …………. " ………. 732 – Fighting the Devil in (a). W. B. Williams …. 597 – New Missionaries for …………………… 798 – German Catholic Missions in …………….. 463 – German Mission sin …… ………… .. 396, 9j6 – New Race of Pigmies in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 876 – Pag"nism on the Gold Coast…………….. 462 – Revival in Sout'h.. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 235 – Setting Too High a Standard for America, is .. , 442 – Striking Facts About (bJ. J. E. Crowther …. 449 – Suffering of German 1:1issions in. . . . . . . . 38 – To-morrow in.. .. . . . . . .. ……………… 401 – West, News from…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 155 African Bishops Reply to Kikuyu St:;tement ….. 148 * (a) indicates an article over 3 pages in length; the letter (b) a brief article from one to three pages in length.

All other subjects indexed are less than one page in length. The number of the month when any given article + appeared may be found by dividing the number of the page by 80 and adding 1 to the unit so obtained. For example: page 548. + 80 = 6, 1 '" 7 Ouly).

INDEX

PAGE PACE African Boy, Through the Eyes of an………. 207 Australian Bible Institute. . . . • . . . . . . . . 397 – Boys, English of ………………………. 633 Austrian Jews, Plight of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 – Evangelists, Devoted.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 BAGANDA Missionaries for the Sudan ……….. 155 – Native Christian on the War. ……………. 397 Balkans in 1915. ……………………….. 2 – News, Recent West …………………… 316 Baptism. Heathen's Idea of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 708 – Problem, Solving the …………………… 409 Baptist Convention in Mexico, Southern ……… 617 Africans, College for. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 797 – Secretary. New……….. " . ……… 63 Afro-American Synod….. ; . . . . . . . . . 635 – Work in PortugaL………….. . ……… 865 Aitchison, J. T., Baptist Secretary…. 636 Baptists to Enter Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . 546 ALASKA Opportunity in………. 794 BAROTSILAND, King Lewanika of (b)….. 287 – Progress in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 467 -and Basutoland…………………. 314 – Union Work for (a). J. E. McAfee. 925 Basutoland and Barotsiland.. . . 314 Alaskan Indian's Sermon. ….. . 544 Beatty, Sir David, on a Revival in Britain. . 225 Algerian Women Baptized……. . . . . . . . 235 BELGIUM in 1915…….. ………….. …… 2 Amazon, Bible Colportage on the. 153 – Protestltnt Churches in (a). H. K. Anet. . . . . . 33 AMERICA, Churches on Wheels in the West (al – Suffering in France and………… ……. 523 Miss A. E. Meyers……… … .. … 677 Best Methods, Department of. Miss B. M.

-in the Far East……… ………. 73 Brain. 51.131,213.291.373.451,533.693.777.853 – Italians in …………… . 636 –from Many Magazines ……………….. 291 – Japanese. View of ….. . 715 – – from Many Missionary Workers ……….. 533 – Ministry in ………. . 151 BmLE, Buddhist Girls Learn ………………. 790 – Negroes in……….. . 635 – Colportage on the Amazon. . . . 153 – Self-exiled in (b). Miss L. M·Crae ….. '" … 525 – Distribution, Century of (aJ. W. 1. Haven…. 273 – Troopers' Bible Class ………….. . 874 – in Abyssinia …………………………. 461 – World Challenge to W. F. Oldham……. . 340 – Institute, Australian …………………… 397 American Bible Society, Hundred Years of (a). – Prisoner and the.. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71 W. L Haven………………… . 273 944 – Society, Centennial of the American. . 223 American Board in Mexico ….. 616 – Yuan Shih Kai and the (a). E. W. Thwing … 123 – Church and the Task .. . 465 Bibles by the Hundred Thousand …………… 386 – Church Statistics ……. . 167 – for the German Troops. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 226 – Indians as Farmers .. R75 -for Troops and Mexicans ……………….. 716 – Missionaries in Turkey. . 304 -for West Point Cadets……………… 543 – Schools in the Philippines…….. 233 – in Korea………………….. … 871 – Work for Moslems….. . . . . . . . . . 224 – Lost at Sea………. …… . 317 AMOY, Visit to Picturesque (b) Mrs. W. B. Hill. 675 – Needed for Soldiers…. . 623 Ance~tor Worship in China, Views of., 883 – Porto Ricans Know Their. 385 ANGOLA, Child-sacrifice in…….. 315 Birthday Box, Missionary. . . . . . . 856 Anniversaries of 1916. Missionary,.. 57 Black Problem in South Africa (b). J. L. Dube.. 205 Appeal from Indian Villages…. . . . . . . 230 Blessings, Stagnant ………. . 62 Appealing to the Heroic. J. R. Mott.. . . 694 Blind in China. Schools for the … 552 Apostle of Christian Unity, David Thompson. An -of India…………….. . 302 (a). W. E. Griffis………… 655 Bliss, Daniel, Grand Old Man of Syria (a). D. S.

Arab, Object Lesson for the. . . . . . . . 228 Dodge…… …………………… 747 ARABIA, Armenian Workers in…. . '710 BOLIVIA, Changes in …………………….. 468 -in 1915 …………………… . BOOKS, New. 80, 160, 240, 320, 400, 480. 639, 559 – Revolt in ……………………………. 564 – Administration of Indian Affairs in Canada.

– Under Arrest in Turkish ………………… 146 F. H. Abbott…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 ARGENTINA, Evangelical Conference in.. . . . . . .. 545 – Along the Trail. S. G. Pomeroy.. 159 ARMENIA, Conditions in …………. 228. 786, 945 – Annual Report of the Foreign Missions Con- – Mercy for (Poem). Henry van Dyke……… 772 ference of North America, 1915………… 80 – Thrilling Experiences in (a). G. C. Reynolds.. 169 – Apostles of India. J. N. Ogilvie ………… 880 Armenian Atrocities, German Protest Against….. 867 – Bahaism and its Claim. S. G. Wilson. . . . . . .. 159 – Problem. German View of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 304 – Black Prophet. G. F. Phelps……………. 880 – Refugees at Port Said………………….. 396 – Black Sheep. J. K Mackenzie ………….. 557 – Refugees in Cairo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 68 – Blood Against Blood. A. S. Booth-Clebborn .. 160 – Refugees, Russians Help. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 469 – Call to Service P. E. Howard ………….. 238 – Workers in Arabia…………….. .. 710 – Called. E. M. Crawford…….. ……. ….. 78 Armenians, Future of the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 625 – Campaigning for Christ in Japan. S. H.

– Latest News of the ……………… '" 305 Wainwright ………………………… 800 -Sold in Turkey ……………………….. 227 – Carol-Sweet Lover of Christ ……………. 559 – Under Persecution …………………….. 388 – Centennial History of the American Bible Armenia's Hope …………………………. 548 Society. H. O. Dwight ………………. 799 Army, Indian Christians in the. . . . . . . . . . . 303 _ Challenge to Life Service. F. M. Harris and ASIA, Casting Out Demons in (a). T. G. Speers. 499 J. C. Robbins ……………………….. 880 – Japan's Leadership in (a). R. E. Speer ……. 517 _ Children of South America. Mrs. K. A. Hodge. 239 – What an American Saw in (b). W. Price ….. 528 _ Children of Wild Australia. H. Pitts. . . . . . .. 239 Assuit College as a Factor in Evangelization of ~ Children's Missionary Story Sermons. H. T.

Islam Ca). R. S. McClenflhan.. . • . . . . . . . .. 663 n Xerr …………………. " ……… ····

PAGE PAGE Books-China Mission Year Book in 1915. D. Books-New Life in Christ Jesus. C. 1. Scofield. . 77 MacGillivray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157, 879 – Nez Perces Since Lewis and Clark. K. C. Mc- – Christian Literature in the Mission Field. J. Beth ……………………………… , 239 H. Ritson…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 – Old Spain and New America. R. McLean and – Christian Movement in the Japanese Empire. G. P. Williams ………………………. 879 J. L. Dearing ……………………….. 879 – Overtaking the Centuries. A. E. Paddock….. 160 – Penetrating South America's Darkest Part. A. – Christian Psychology. J. Stalker. . . . . . . . . . . .. 160 – Church Finance. F. A. Agar. …………… 480 R. Hay……………………………. 78 – Conditions Among the Indians on the North- – Reapers of His Harvest. J. T. Faris …….. , 480 – Reign of the Prince of Peace. R. H. Mc- west Coast. S. A. Elliot…… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 – Conditions of the Flat Head Indians. W. H. Clearney ………………………….. , 239 – Revelation. A. C. Goebelein …………… , 159 Ketcham…………………………… 79 -Round Dozen. C. 1. Davidson . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 – Confessions of a Hyphenated American. E. A. – Septuagenary of the Presbyterian Mission Press, Steiner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 479 Shanghai. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 320 – Constantinople, Old and New. H. G. Dwight.. 77 – Short History of Japan. E. W. Clement. .. _., 800 -CrisisintheHistoryofthePapacy. J. McCabe 638 – Sketches from Formosa. W. Campbell …….. 319 – Slessor, Mary of Calebar. W. P. Livingstone. 238 – De"olution in Mission Administration. D. J. -Sputh To-day. J. M. Moore ……………. 800 – Students of Asia. S. Eddy ……………. _. 157 Fleming…………………………. 399,639 – Sunday-School Missionary Incidents and – Disintegration of Islam. S. M. Zwemer ……. 879 – Dravidian Gods. W. T. Elmore …………. 479 Exercises. J. W. Somerdike ………….. , 880 – End of the Law. Gilmore and Smith ……… 240 – Sunday-School Teacher and the Program of – Ethics of Confucius. M. M. Dawson …….. 477 – Fifty Years of Association Work Among Young Jesus. G. H. Trull and J. S. Stowell …….. 319 – Three R's of Rescue Mission Work. P. J. Women. E. Wilson ………………….. 557 – Five Hundred Thousand of a Hundred Millions. 79 Roberts….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 79 – Future of South America. R. W. Babson ….. 159 – Tourist Guide to Latin America …………. . 78 – Hero of the Frontier. A. M. Pennell ……… 558 – Union of Christian Forces in America. R. A. -Historic Churches of Mexico. Mrs. J. W. Ashworth …………………………. . 399 Butler …………………………….. 159 – War and the Jew. S. B. Rohold ……….. . 79 – Home Missions Council. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 – War Journal of a Missionary in Persia …….. 320 – Home Missions in Action. E. H. Allen.. . . . . . 79 – Was it Worth While? Life of Theodore Storrs -How to Live. 1. Fisher and E. L. Fisk …… 239 – In the Wake of the War Canoe. W. H. Collison 558 Lee ………………………………. , 558 – India and its Faiths. J. B. Pratt…………. 237 – Western Hemisphere To-day and To-morrow. – India's Protestant Missionary Directory. J. F. H. Giddings……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 Inglis…… . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 78 – Why and How of Missions in the Sunday-School. – Inspiration of Responsibility and Other Papers. W. Brown…•………………………• 880 C. H. Brent.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 639 – Will of God and a Man's Life Work. H. B. – Introducing the American Spirit. E. A. Steiner 159 – Japan and America. C. Crow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 719 Wright …………………………….. 559 -Japanese Crisis. A. B. Scherer …………… 720 – Winning the World for Christ. W. R. Lambuth 77 – Kingdom in History and Prophecy. L. S. – Working Women of Japan. S. L. Gulick ….. , 158 – World Missions and World Peace. C. A. Mason 638 Chafer………………………….. 239, 479 Borden Memorial Hospital, China, At the …… 791 – Land of the Cherry Blossoms. M. W. ¥adden 238 – in Kansu ……………………………. 553 – Leavening the Levant. J. K. Greene ……… 799 BOSTON Laymen Organize ……………….. 223 – Leaves from the Log of a Sky Pilot. W. P. Boy Scouts. McAll Mission and the ………….. 623 BRAZIL. Baptists to Enter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 546 Puddefoot ………………………….. 557 – Evangelical Colony in ………………….. 221 – Life Abiding and Abounding. W. H. G. Thomas 559 -FiveYears·Workin …………………… 65 – Man and His Money. H. R. Calkins……… 78 – Revival Meeting in…………………… , 795 – Mary Bird in Persia. C. C. Rice …………. 319 – Warning Against Colporteurs in …………. 716 – Mary Slessor. of Calabar. W. P. Livingstone. 767 – Wide-awake Church in (a). A. Reis ……… 115 – Masmoud the Bedouin. A. P. Carhart.. …… 77 Brazilian's View of Protestant Missions. . . . . . . . .. 154 – Maze of the Nations. G. G. Atkins………. 79 Breaking Home Ties ……………………… 702 – Men and World Service ………………… 880 Brent's Report on China, Bishop. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 – Mikado-Institution and Person. W. E. Griffis 319 Britain. Revival Needed in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 – Missionary Calendar 1916………………. 79 British and German Missions ………………. 139 – Missionary Crusaders. C. Field ………….. 558 – Isles in 1915 ………………………… . – Missionary Speaker and Reader. W. E. Cule. 79 – Laymen's Movement and the War ………… 622 – Missions and Leadership. J. C. White …….. 157 – Missionaries in Mrica, Interned. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 396 – Missions VS. Militarism. R. G. Stevenson ….. 638 – – i n German East Africa ……………….. 234 – Modern Movements Among Moslems. S. G. – Missionary Finances …………………… 166 – Missions to Jews ……………………… 710 Wilson …………………………….. 477 –War and ………………………….. 65 – Mohammed or Christ. S. M. Zwemer…….. 557 – Universities. Orientll.l Students in …………. 226 – Moscow to the Persian Gulf. B. B. Moore …. 478 Buddhism. Romanism and ………………… 703 – Most Vital Mission Problem of the Day. F. Buddhist Comments on Christian Conference in Schwager…………………………… 158 Japan ……………………………… 394 – My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. E. Cooper 158 – Nancy's Mother. J. C. Cochran…………. 239 PAGE PAGE Buddhist, Girls Learn Bible. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 790 China, How the Revival Came in (b). M.B.Grier. 201 – Opposition to Christian Sunday-schools…….. 631 -in 1915……………………………… 3 – Priests Oppose School. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 69 – Inland Mission in War Time …………….. 149 Buddhists Start Sunday-school. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 554 – Inland Mission Notes ………………….. 306 Bukumba, Little Brown Soldier in Brownie Land – Japan Influencing……………………… 554 (a). Mrs. M. Martin ………………… 438 – Land of Surprises (b). S. Pollard ………… 107 Bulgarian Christian Campaign.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66 – Lord's Day in ………………………… 307 Bulletin Board, Announcement of the ………… 217 – Marked Changes in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 565 BURMA, Charms of (a). Mrs. H. B. Mont- – New Cathedral in……………………… 307 gomery……………………………. 9 – New Conditions in (a). C. T. Wang………. 569 – New Judson Memorial in ……………….. 627 – New President of. …………………….. 790 – Opium in……………………………. 551 -OldandNew…………………………. 98 Business, Christian Men in ……•………….. 793 – Opportunity in Chengtu ………………… 307 -for Missions, Gives up ………………….. 714 – Political Outlook in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Missionary… .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 793 – Princeton's Work in (a). J. S. Burgess ……. 603 C. M. S. Losses Through the War. ………….. 309 – Public Health Campaign in ……………… 306 Cairo, Reaching the Young Men in ………….. 633 – Results Gathered in ……………………. 393 – President Charles R. Watson of. …………. 542 – Results of a Y. M. C. A. Campaign in……… 553 – Work for Moslem Children in ……………. 875 – Revival Meetings in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 553 CALABAR, The White "Ma" of (a). Mrs. A. F. – Revolt in……………………………. 474 Schauffier………………………….. 767 – Schools for the Blind in ……………….. 552 Call, Getting a .. , ……………………….. 783 – Scout Movement in ……………………. 231 – of Christ to Me (Poem) ………………… 362 – Slave Girls Sold in …………………….. 552 Campaign in England …………………….. 387 ~ Striking Facts About ….. 0; • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• 98 CANADA, Aborigines in …………………… 312 – Suffering of German Missions in…… . . . . . . .. 39 – and Prohibition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 715 – The Coming Power (a). C. E. Scott…. . . . . .. 89 – Church Union for ……………………… 566 – Tithing in Spite of Famine in ……………. 870 – Statistics of Protestant Foreign Missionary – Twenty Rich Years in (a). From a Missionary Societies of. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 168 Viewpoint ………………………….. 689 – Temperance Reform in …………………. 794 – Twenty-five Years in Honan …………….. 324 – War Problems in ……… , …………….. 384 – Union Meetings in War Time in ………….• 393 Carey House Purchased.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 796 – Union Theological Seminary in …………… 473 Carey's Test Outlined, William …………….. 861 – Unoccupied Territory in ………………… 141 Caste, Breaking of…………………….. 69, 868 – What Missionaries Have Done for (b). V. K.

Casting out Demons in Asia (a). T. G. Speers … 499 W. Koo ……………………………. 763 Century of Bible Distribution (a). W. 1. Haven .. 273 – What Progress Has Been Made …………… 232 – of Missions, After a……………………. 61 China's Contribution to Christianity…………. 392 CEYLON, Deputation to ………………….. 713 – Ruler and Christianity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 481 – One Hundred Years in …………………. 789 -Two Needs ………………………….. 231 – Tamil Coolies in ………………………. 627 Chinese Ambassador a Christian… . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 Charms of Burma (a). Mrs. H. B. Montgomery. -Army, Christians in……………………. 482 CHIENGMAI, Laoo, Leper Asylum ………….. 391 – Christian Diplomat ……………………. 142 Child-sacrifice in Angola ………………….. 315 – Christians in Business ………………….. 628 Childless Societies ……………………….. 294 – Daughters of the Night (a). Miss M. C.

Children, Working With. 1. Mackay ………… 853 Morris …………………………….. 753 Children's League of Pity …………………. 622 – Father's Letter……………………….. 473 – Societies, Suggestions for. Mrs. R. S. Sanders. 853 – General, Christian …………………….. 394 Chilian Young Men, Reaching ………………. 545 – Islam, Changes in ……………………… 562 CIDNA, At the Borden Memorial Hospital in….. 791 – Literati, Reaching the ………………….. 705 — Bishop Brent's Report on ……………….. 554 – Missionary-Not a Church Member ………. 706 – Blessing of Unbound Feet in …………….. 142 – – t o America………………………… 64 – Borden Memorial Hospital in Kansu ………. 553 – Moslems Alarmed ……………………… 643 – Building up the Church in ………………. 790 – Moslems, Among ……………………… H2 – Changes in.. .. .. .. . .. . .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 84 – Christian Literature for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Church-going in ………………………. 870 – Postal Officials, Gospel for… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 629 – Church Member Now ………………….. 870 -Proverbs. W. D. Hudspeth …………….. 127 – City Evangelization in …………………. 141 – Slave Girls. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 71 – Coal Mine and a Church ……………….. 393 – Students, Mission to.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 474 – Counter Revolutions in …………………. 323 – Weekly, Christian …………………….. 629 – Difficulties in .. , ………. , ……………. 552 – Women as Bible-class Teachers …………… 629 – Dolls as Missionaries in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 306 Chosen, Mission Schools in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 485 – Effects of the European War in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Christian Doctrine of Property (b). E. M. Poteat 428 – Encouragement in West ………………… 705 – Endeavor in India…………………….. 627 – Evangelistic Movements Among Students in (a). – Endeavor Society, Largest ………………. 462 W. E. Taylor……………………….. 529 – Science in Ebony.. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 463 – Every-day Religion in (b). H. Gill ……….. 209 – Woman's Board of Missions in Mexico … … .. 619 "', – Great Work for ……………………….. 473 Christianity a Force in Japan (a). S. L. Gulick .. 685 – Grinnell College Plans for .. , . …. . . . . . . . • . . .. 70:> – World-wide Blessing of. ………………… 752 PAGE PAGE Christians in Japan, Imperial Honors for ……… 143 Death. Strong, Dr. Josiah………………. 476 Christmas Party, Club's. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 855 -Swearer, Rev. Wilbur c., of Korea ………… 878 Christ's Missionary Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 -Thorn, Mrs. Helen D., of Turkey……… 236 Church and the World (Poem),……. ….. . …. 52 – Thompson, Dr. David, of Japan……….. 318 – Assistants Organize… .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 151 – Thompson, Dr. R. Wardlaw, of London.. . . 718 -How Interest my (b). D. M. Stearns……… 46 – Underwood, Dr., of Korea……………. 877 – Missionary Work in U. S. A …………….. 223 – Ussher, Mrs. Elizabeth E., of Turkey…… 236 – Union, New Type of. ………………….. 713 – Wilson, S. G., of Persia…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 637 Churches on Wheels in the West of America (a). – Wolfe, Archdeacon, of China.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 236 Miss A. E. Meyers.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 677 Demonstration Day. Missionary.. . . . . . . . . . . . 536 Club Agent………………………….. 214 Denominational Administration (a). J. E. McAfee 925 Cohn, Leopold, Exonerated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 873 Developments in Home Mission Work (a). H. F.

COLOMBIA, Open Doors in…………….. 65 Swartz…………………………….. 192 Colporteurs in Brazil, Warning Against. . 716 Disciples, Progress of the (b). A. E. Cory ……. 764 Conference, American Horne Mission Leaders. . . . 164 Divorce in South America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 313 -for Negro Women ……………………… 875 Doan, R. A., Gives up Business for Missions… . .. 714 -in Cuba, Missionary…………………… 385 Doctor Burned Alive.. . . . . . . . . . . . 390 Congo Land, Needs of……………………. 876 Dolls as Missionaries in China…. 306 Congregational Council, Missions at the…. . . . . .. 63 -Teaching Missions through… 859 Congress Worth While, Make the …………… 425 Dowieism in Zululand…….. . . ……… 314 CONSTANTINOPLE, Threats Against Robert Col- Drink, Cuba Fights Strong.. . . 467 lege ……………………………….. 148 Duke, Mr. H. Z., on Giving……. 874 Cooperation in Home Missions ……………… 806 Eastern Asia, Challenge of. . . . . . . . 340 -in Porto Rico …………………………. 326 Eddy, Sherwood, Adventures of.. . . 317 – Spirit of (Editorial) ……………………. 726 –in India……………….. 551 Corbett, Dr. Hunter………………… 71,305,472 Editorial-Forward Look…. . …. 725 Crawford, Dan, Message from. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 – New Beginning………………… ….. 721 Crawford's Converts, Some of Dan. . .. . . . . . . . . .. 464 – Spirit of Co-operation.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 726 Cross, Triumph of the (b).. … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 49 – Suffering Non-Combatants.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 727 CUBA Fights St.rong Drink ………………… 467 Education in the United States, Cost of. . . . . . . .. 542 – Missionary Conference in….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 385 Effect of the War on Missions to the Jews (a).

– Worth While, Are Missions to ……………. 734 D. Baron…………………………… 197 DANIEL in Babylon, Like …………………. 862 EGYPT, Christian College in (a). R. S. McClena- DEATH han. ………………………….. 663 -Atkinson, Henry H., of Turkey …………… 236 – Evangelistic Campaign in…….. … . 461 – Baird, Mrs. Wm., of Chosen …………….. 637 – Islam Active in…………… . 314 – Barnum, Rev. Henry S., of Turkey ……….. 2.>6 – Mission Schools in………. . 73 – – Mrs. Mary E., of Turkey…………….. 2.16 – Moslem School in…………… . 555 – Bliss, Dr. Daniel, of Syria ………………. 718 – New Kind of Funeral in…….. . 632 -Bowen, Dr. Marcellus, of Turkey …………. 877 -Old Greek Chains in………… . 461 – Chatterjee, Rev. Dr., K. C., of India ………. 718 -Railway Gospel Carin…………………. 73 – Clarke, Dr., of Bulgaria ………………… 798 -Rescue Work in ………………………. 797 – Dobbins, Dr., of Philadelphia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 798 – Testaments by the Thousand in… . . . . . . . . .. 396 – Ely, Miss Charlotte E., of Turkey ………… 236 – Welcomed in Moslem School in…. . . . . . . . . .. 395 – Eveland of Manila, Bishop. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 717 – Woman Historian of. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . 711 – Fergnson, Right Rev. Samuel D ………….. 798 Elijah II. Movement in Nigeria…… … 876 – Gorbold, R. P., of Japan ……………….. 318 Emergency Supper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293 – Harris, Dr. Ira, of Syria…… , ………….. 236 England, Church Union for…………. . 406 – Johnson, Miss Bertha G., a Friend of Lepers… 718 – Simultaneous Campaign.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 387 -Jones, Rev. J. P., of India ………………. 878 -Work for Women in Munition Centers in,.. 546 – Killie, Dr. C. A., of China……………….. 717 English Churches in Germany. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 – Knapp, Rev. George P., of Turkey ………… 2.16 Episcopalians and Union Work……… ….. 486 -Leonard, Dr. Adna B …………………… 476 Erzroom, Awful Scenes in…………………. 549 – Leslie, Rev. Francis H., of Turkey ………… 236 Eskimo Hungry for the Word………………. 22.1 – MacNair, Theodore, of Japan ……………. 318 Europe, Christian Work for t!:!e Soldiers in ……. 245 – McBeth, Kate, of Idaho………………… 67 – John R. Mott in………………………. 546 – Monroe, Harry, of Chicago ……………… 798 – Spiritual Engineers in.. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 561 – Moore, Rev. P. H., of Assam …………….. 556 Evangelical Union, Porto Rico Rejects the ……. 795 – Newton, Dr. C. B., of India……………… 556 Evangelism and Women Speakers …………… 864 – Peel, Bishop, of Mombasa. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 636 Evangelistic Campaign, Japan's…………….. 23.1 – Pollard, Samuel, of China…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 76 – Movements among Students in China (a).

– Raynolds, Mrs. George C., of Turkey. . . . . . . .. 236 W. E. Taylor………………………. 529 – Riggs, Dr. A. L., of Nebraska……………. 637 Events, CQming, 8, 88, 168, 247, 327, 407, 487, 567, 647 -Ross, Dr. John, of Mukden……………. 76 – of 1915, Leading.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 – Sandler, Dr., of Constantinople…. . . . . . . . . . … 76 Ewing, Arthur H., Life of (a). M. Ismail.. …… 827 -Shepard, Fred. D., of Turkey…..•………. 236 Farming Evangelism in India.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 303 – Simpson, Sir Alexander, of Scotland……….. 556 Fear, Bondage of.. ………………………. 785 – Sjoeholm, W., of Sweden ……………….. 878 Federated Work in Japan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 641 PAGE PAGE Fellowship of Faith…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299 God Cares. Men-Money (b). G. Innes ……… 661 – of Reconciliation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 God's Plan for Your Life. E. W. Fritchley …… 682 Field-Marshals, Testimony of Three.. . . . . . . . . . .. 450 – Word to His People ……………………. 299 Fighting the Devil in Africa. W. B. Williams …. 597 Gordon Bible College…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 874 Fiji Islanders, Generous ….. , ……………. .. 541 Gospels for Italian Soldiers………………… 226 Filipino, Distinguished……………………. 872 Grenfell's War Experiences ………………… 468 – New Point of View for the ………………. 634 Grinnell College Plans for China. . . . . . . . . . . . . 705 Finances, British Missionary…. . 166 GUATEMALA, Christian Books Make their Way Fisher, Fred B… . . .. .. . . . .. . . . 312 in……………………. …… 863 Fisherman's Jug…………… 375 – Narrow Escape in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 Five Millions for Relief. . . . . . . . 460 Guide Books, Missionary……. . . . 379 Forces that Win (a). R. E. Speer.. 576 Guinness, Successor to Dr.. ………….. , … .. 226 Foreign Missions, Americ: '1. . . . . . . 165 Gypsies, Mission Among Swiss ……………… 865 – Students at Conferences.. . . . . . 873 HAGGARD Goes to Russia, Dr…………….. 383 – – i n U. S. A., Winning……. 310 HAINAN, Faithful Christians in ……………. 142 Foreigner~, Mission Work among….. 543 HAITI, Better Days for.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … 404 FORMOSA, ~lind in.. .. . . . . . 72 Hallelujah Kim of Japan (a). Mrs. D. L. Pieri;on 335 – Jubilee in…. . .. .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 HANGCHOW, Y. M. C. A. in ……………… 472 – Sunday-school Work in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 632 Harris, Japanese Tributes to Bishop …………. 630 Forward Look (Editorial). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 Hatred and Love in the War ………………. 810 FRANCE and BELGIUM, Suffering in….. 623 HAWAII, Good and Evil in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 -and Islam……………………. 547 – Memorial Building in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 793 -in 1915………………………. . – New Crisis in. . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563 – War and Religion in (b). R. Saillens…. 289 Heathen's Idea of Baptism… . . . . . . . . . . . 708 – Y. M. C. A. in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Hebrew Christians in Conference.. . . . . . . . . .. 543, 943 French Appeal for Unity………………….. 645 Hepzibag Faith Missionary in Mexico. . . . 619 – Churches, Needs of the.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 796 Highways for Missions in Palestine. . . . . . . . 323 Friendly Relations Among Foreign Students, Hindu Students, Earnest….. . . . . . . . . . . . . 868 American Committee on (a). C. D. Hurrey…,51 Hindus Become Christians? Do……….. 350 Friendship, Promoting National. ……………. 405 -in California, Something About the (a). Miss Fuel for Missionary Fires …….. 1, 81, 161. 241, L. M'Crae……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 525 321,401. 481, 561, 641 –in the West Indies………………… 153 Funeral in Egypt, New Kind of. ……………. 6.32 – Spiritual Unrest Among ………………… 242 Furman University, Chair in Christianity in …… 151 Home Mission Gifts Last year ……………… 311 GARDEN Party at a Summer Resort ………… 379 – – Leaders in Conference, American.. . . . . . . . .. 164 GERMAN and British Missions …………….. 139 –Task To-day ………………………. 224 – Catholic Missions in Africa ……………… 463 – – to Consider, Some Facts for Those Interested – Colonies Captured by Allies ……………… 469 in ………………………………… 360 – East Africa, British Missionaries in. . . . . 234 – – Work, American ……………………. 465 – Missionaries in India ……………. 69, 145, 229 – – Work, Developments in (a). H. F. Swartz.. 192 –Newsof …………………………… 387 Home Missions, Cooperation in… . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 806 – – Troubles of… . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 – – Establishing Christianity on the Rio Grande – Missions After the War.. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . 6 (a). S. M. Glasgow ………………….. 849 – – and Missionaries, Suffering of (a). T. F. HONAN, Twenty-five Years in…………….. 324 Hahn.. ……………………….. 38 How Long Shall I Live (Poem). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 662 –Help for……………………….. 874 IDEAS for Speakers and Workers …………… 527 –in Africa. …………………. 396 Illustrations from Life… .•. . . . • . . . . . . . 862 – – in India, Caring for. . . . . . . . . . . . 390, 950 Imposters, Beware of…. . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 –So P. G.Appealsfor…………………. 146 Income Will Do, What One's Day. . . . . . . . 138 – Orphanages in India. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 INDIA, Appeal to Students in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73 2 – Protest Against Armenian Atrocities… 867 – Blind of… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 302 – Report from Palestine…… . . . . . . . . . . 548 – Breaking Down Caste in………………… 550 – Troops, Bibles for the. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 – Caste– Caring for German Missions in. . . . . . .. 390 – View of Armenian Problem……….. 304 – Caste Breaking Down in ………………… 868 GERMANY, English Churches in …………… 309 – Challenge of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 340 – in 1915…… .. …. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . .. . . .. 2 – Christian Endeavorin ………………….. 627 Gideons, Convention of the.. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 793 – Conversion of a Holy Man in ……………. 868 Gilts, Some Ways of Increasing Missionary. – Cross and Crescent in ………………….. 230 B. M. Brain………………………… 131 – Evangelism Through Charts in…. . . . . . . 301 – to Missions, Presbyterian ……………….. 713 – Facts About …………………………. 390 Giving-Ap Erratic Proportion. M. L. Daniels .. 132 – Farming Evangelism in …………………. 303 – Experience of a Tither.. .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . … 874 – German Missionaries in……… 69, 145, 229, 950 – During Passion Week.. . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . … 311 – German Orphanages in …………………. 302 – in War Times, Missionary .. …………… .. 622 -Heathenism in……………………….. 303 – Lesson in Church ……………………… 715 – Homecoming of Young Princes in …………. 708 – Specific ……………………………… 137 – Hopeful Signs in……………………….. 241 Glad Conference in Siam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 707 – Immense Field in ……………………… 301 God Cares. Do We? A. J. Gordon ………… 130 -in!915 …………… , …………… , .. ,. ~ PAGE PAGE India, Influence of Outcaste Christians in ……… 145 Japan. Christian Maternity Hospital in…. 703 – Influence of the Life of Arthur H. Ewing in (a). – Christianity a Force in (a). S. L. Gulick …… 685 M. Ismail. …………………………. 827 – Christian Silk Mill in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 703 – Jungle Tribe in (b). P. Schulze ………….. 367 – Dr. Nitobe and the Teacher.> in …………… 871 – Mass Movements in ……………………. 302 – Episcopal Church of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308 – Medical'Mecca in (a). St. N. Singh ………. 269 – Factory Slavery in………. ……… … 394 – Meerut Mission Centenary in ……………. 550 – Federated Work in……… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 641 – Missionary Survey of….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 867 – Hallelujah Kim of (a). Mrs. D. L. Pierson. 335 – Moving Christward in.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402 – His Citizenship Restored. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 – Overturning in………………………. 593 – Imperial Honors for Christians in…. .. . . . . . .. 143 – Power of Chri,t in (a). E. M. Wherry ……. 445 -in 1915……………………… 3 – Restrictions on Missionaries to………. 788 – Influencing China……………………… 554 – Ritual Murder in (b). H. Halliwell….. 278 – Loyal Church in………….. ….. 71 – Salvation Army in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 626 – New Open Door in…………….. 72 – Saving a Robber Tribe in…… . . . . . . . . . 391 – New Premier in… .. . …….. . . . . . . 871 -Signs of a New…………………….. 350 – Plans for St. Paul's College in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 475 – Snake and Tree Torship in ……………… 366 – Sad Religious Status in…… . . . . . . . . . . 474 – Social Service in ………………………. 707 — Use of Tracts in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 703 – Spiritual Awakening in….. …. .. .. ……… 82 – Work of Christ in (a). R. E. Speer……… 341 – Student Social Service Work in …………… 301 – "Worth-While" Work in…………….. 791 – Suffering of German Missions in… .. . . . . . . . .. 39 – Y. M. C. A. Making Headway in….. . . . . . . 308 – to Educate the Outcast in ……………….. 626 Japanese Christian Students, Unique Gift of. … 232 -' To-day, Hope of. . . …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 390 – in the United States……… ',' . . . . . . . . 312 – Training Leaders in……….. ….. … …… 83 – Northfield…. …. . . …. . . . . . . . . . 143 – Unoccupied Fields in …………………… 301 – Sailors Accept Testaments…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 -"Untouchables" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 – Students Accepting Christ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 474 – War and Missions in (a). H. Anderson …… 26'; – Take Over German Islands………. 635 – What a Converts' Home Did in ………….. 145 – Testimony. T. Tanaka and Count Okuma …. 825 – With the Territorial Troops in. . . . . . . . . 303 – Tributes to Bishop Harris ……………….. 630 – Woman's Medical College in…… 230 – View of America. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 715 Indian a Citizen, Making the…. . . . 794 Japan's Evangelistic Campaign …………….. 233 – Christians and the War……….. 448 – Leadership in Asia (a). R. E. Speer. ……… 517 – Christianity Community………………. 626 – Progress.. . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 554 – Christians in the Army. . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . .. 303 JAVA, Day of Opportunity in………………. 46.1 – Convert, Notable ……………………… 788 Jew, The (Poem). E. H. Hunter…………… 200 – Missions of the Protestant Churches of the Jewish Missions in the War Zones.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 66 United States, 1915, Statistics of the . . . . . . . . . 776 – Refugees in Russia.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 — Farmers Turning to Christ……. . . . . . . . . . . .. 550 – Relief for Suffering Jews………………… 225 -Rajahs Show Interest in Mission Work .. c.. 470 Jews and Palestine………………………. 625 – "Sadhu" Standing all Day for Christ. . . . . 708 – British Missions to…………………….. 710 – Villages, Appeal from.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 – Christian Relief of the………………….. 224 Indians as Fanners, American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 875 – Co-operation in Missions to.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 85 – Brighter Days for the………………. . -Effect of the War on Missions to the (a). D.

– Christian American… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 544 Baron …………………………….. 197 – of South America (a). H. C. Tucker. . . . . . 840 -of Tangier, Among the…………… 712 India's Great Need, Meeting (b). G. S. Eddy … 443 – Plight of Austrian.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 624 – Students, Among………………… … 471 Journeys to Mission Lands… . . . . . . . . . . . . . 538 – Young Men, Work for. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . 22 8 Judaism Disintegrating, Is. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 886 Infidel Missions in New york…………… 881 Judson Memorial in Burma, New……… 627 Insane of Syria, For the…….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469 Jungle Tribe in India (b). P. Schulze………. 367 Interest my Church? How (b). D. M. Stearns. 46 KAMERUN, Uncensored Facts from …………. 461 Intoxicants, Prohibit Exports of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466 Karen Christian, Honor for a………………. 789 – War Against…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 Khama, New Church of King…………… …. 74 IRELAND, Evangelistic Work in ….. Kikuyu Region, Progress in the.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Islam Active in Egypt. . . . . . . . 314 – Statement, African Bishops Reply to.. . . . . . . .. 148 – Changes in Chinese…….. .. 562 Konds-Their Origin, Customs, and Beliefs (a).

– France and………… 547 P. Schulze………………………….. 367 Italian Soldiers, Gospels for. . .. ………….. 226 Koo, V. K. Wellington…. .. .. . .. . .. . . . . . .. . … 62 – Soldiers, With the …………………….. 387 KOREA, Aggressive Work by Seoul Christians…. 308 Italians in America ………………………. 636 -"Better Babies" in ……………………. 631 ITALY, American Pastor in ………………… 310 — Bible for Every Home.. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 871 – Among War Prisoners in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 865 – Convention for the Blind and Deaf. . . . . . . . . .. 144 Itongolo, the Black FisheTIflan (b). R. H. Nassau 507 – Dr. Underwood's, Service in (a). A. J. Brown. 911 JAPAN, Advertising the Gospel in (a). A. Pieters 649 – Education in Chosen…………………… 143 – and Sunday-Schools ……………………. 6.31 – Evangelistic Campaign in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 – Buddhist Comments on Christian Conference in 394 – Fruits of Colportage Work in ……………. 144 – Chair of Christianity in Tokio ……………. 792 – Grows, Why the Church in (b). C. Ross…..• 195 – Christian Business Men in……. , ……….. 307 -in 1915……………………………… 3 PAGE PAGE Korea, Life of Dr. Underwood (a). Mrs. Underwood 903 MANCHURIA, Korean Missions in………….. 642 – Phenomenal Christian Growth in… . . . . . . 143 – Practical Christianity in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Prayer Restores Sanity in…. . . . . . . . . . . . 475 Mandingo Association in Africa, New ………… 872 – Progress in……………… ……. … . 555 MARSHALL ISLANDS, Japanese Take Over …. 635 – Religious Liberty in (a). M. Komatsu…. 891 Marsovan Girls Rescued. . . . . . . . 68 – Soul Winning, How They Do It in… . . . . . . .. 632 – Missionaries Return to. . . . . . . . 866 – Test for Church Membership in.. . . . . . . . . 704 Mass Movements (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 592 – Yun Chi Ho now Y. M. C. A. Secretary… 792 – – i n Centr~tl Africa……….. . …….. . 565 Korean Men's Home Missionary Society. . – Missions in Manchuria………. .. .. 704 MeAn Mission and the Boy Scouts …. . 623 642 Medical College Progress in Peking ….. . 706 – Opinion of American Churches. . . . . . . 871 – Mecca in India (a). St.:-<. Singh .. . 269 – Prison, Moody's Sermon in a…. . . . . . 144 MELANESIAN, Puzzled …………. . 156 – Railway Y. M. C. A…….. . . . . . . . . . 704 Men, Work for India's Young .. . 228 – School Closed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792 Men's Congres~ of Missions (a). D. L. Pierson … 419 – Sorceress Gives up Tools. . . . . . . . . . . 474 MESOPOTAMIA, Future of … . 305 Korea's Record Year.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395 – With the Troops in …… . 147 L. M. S. Crisis averted…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 386 – Y. M. C. A. Work in … . 788 Labrador Missionaries on Parole……… ~ … 152, 384 Methodist Board Financial Policy. 715 Land Closed to Christians (a). M. K. S. Holst, – Church (South) in Mexico.. 618 329, 431 – Episcopal Church in Mexico. 618 Laos, Leper Asylum in Chiengmai…… . 391 – General Conference, Mission" at the.. 486 Latin-America and Rome ……….. . 221 Methodists, World-wide Work of (b). G. H.

– – Challenge of.. …………….. . .140 Jones….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 590 – – Church of Rome at its Worst in.. 151 Mexican Border, Work for Troop~ on. . … 646 – – Enlargement in …………… . g02 – Governor, Progressive. . . . . . . . . . . . 385 – – i n 1915 ………………………….. . 3 – Protestant Leaders…… . . . . . . 243 –Light on (a). H. W. Hicks. 845 – Puzzle (b). S. G. Inman……… 801 –Panama Congress on Christian Work in (a). Mexicans, Bibles for Troops and. . . 716 R. E. Speer………………….. . 249 -Return, When the………………… 466 – – Raffling Image(in………….. . 795 MEXICO Becomin" New, Old…………. 45 –Unreached (b). S. G. Inman. 359 -,. Before and After (a). A. Osuna. . . . . . . . . . 41 – – Why Study……….. . 808 – Better News from….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Laymen Organize, Boston.. . . . . . . 223 – Economic Problems in…. 467 – Ten-Year Program for……….. ….. .. 38·! – Missionary Situation in (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . 614 Laymen's Congress at Washington, Gleanings from – Misunderstood (a). Mrs. W. Wallace…. 579 the………………………… … 527 – Outlook in……………………….. 162 – Missionary Campaign………….. 63 – Program of Peace for (a). J. W. Butler….. 813 – Movement Secretary………………. 312 – Protestant Episcopal Church in………… 615 – National Missionary Campaign…. ….. 163 – Protestantism a Force in. . . . . . . . . . . . 222 – National Missionary Congress at Washington.. 246 – Protestantism in……. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Leper Asylum i!t Chiengmai, Laos …………… 391 -Reconstruction in (a). G. B. Winton. 611 – Poet, Christian… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 630 – Religious Question in (a). L. Cahrera. 831 Leper's Church in Louisiana (b). W. M. Danner. 357 – Revolutionists and the Clergy in. 313 – Cured, Surinam………………………. 864 – Signs of Harvest in. . . . . . . . . . . 545 – Print the Bible.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70 – Typhus in……………….. 313 Lewanika of Barotseland (b)…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2R 7 -Women of (a). Mrs.J.W.Butler ………… 181 -Successor of……… . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . 797 . Mid-summer Missionary Pilgrimage …………. 533 Liberation of Slaves (a). J. H. Jowett.. .. . 363 Mightier Than Treaties (a). C. D. Hurrey …… 351 Live, How Long Shall I (Poem)…… ….. 662 Ministry in America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.~ 1 LIVINGSTONIA, Forty Years in…. . . . . . . . . . . .. 877 Missionaries Have Done for China, Vlhat (b).

LOmSIANA, Lepers' Church in (b). W. M. V. K. W. Koo……. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 763 Danner……………………………. 357 Missionary as a Police Force. . . . . . . . . . . 475 Love and Hatred in the War. ……………… 810 – Boxes, New……… ……… …… 856 –the Sum of the Gospel (a). W. H. Jefferys.. 489 – Multiple Life of a Foreign (a). J. M. Mac- Lovedale Institution…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.1 Phail. …………………………….. 369 Lowrie, Rev. W'l.Iter………………. 310 – Review Publishing Company. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 459 MADAGASCAR, Christians of……… .. 877 – Situation in Mexico (a) …………………. 614 – Church and State in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 805 Missions Boards and Theological Students. 224 -Co-operation in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 464 – Plans of the Commission on. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 150 – Editor Converted……………………… 397 – Spiritual and Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381 Magazine Meetings………………………. 219 – Turks and American.. . . . . . . . . . . 563 -Tree ……………………………….. 217 Mohammedan Malays, Ideas of (a). C. E. D.

Magazines, Best Methods from many…….. 291 Tisdall……………………… 347 – Making the Most of the………………… 213 Mohammedanism in Petrograd……… 150 Malays, Ideas of Mohammedan (a). C. E. G. Money-God-Men (b). G. Innes…… 661 Tisda!I. ………………………………147 Money-raiser, Great……………… .. 213 MALAYSIA, Fifty Years' Progress in Nias ……. 324 Moody's Sermon in a Korean Prison …………. 144 Man Who Pays the Bills.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 360 Moorish Soldier Converted ………………… 797 PAGE PAGE Moravian Crisis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 548 Outlook for 1916….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • 3 Morgenthau's Tribute to Missionaries in Turkey. O-w-n, W-o-n, N-o-w. S. M. Glasgow……….. 212 Ambassador…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 388 PACIFIC, Conquering Fear in the …………… 541 Mormons Losing Zeal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 466 – Suffering of German Missions in the. . . . . . . . .. 39 – Missions of the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 PALESTINE, Conditions in ………………. 148 Morning Star, End ofthe …………………. 712 – German Report from …………………… 548 Moros, Successful Work for the. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 716 – Highways for Missions in ……………. " .. 323 Morphia Succeeds Opium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 630 -Jews and ……………………………. 625 MOSLEM Boys and Girls, Winning.. . . . . . . . . . .. 234 – Missions Suffer in. … . . . . . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 470 – Boys, Life of Livingstone for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 227 -Shaken by the War……………………. 470 – Children in Cairo, Work for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 875 PANAMA Canal and Christianity …………… 735 – Convert, young………………………. 129 – Congress. …. ……………………….. 59 – Imam Discovers Christ (b). J. L. Barton. . .. 774 –After the ………………………….. 244 – Independence Proclaimed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 787 – – and the Protestant Episcopal Church (a).

– School in Egypt ………………………. 5.15 H. C. Robbins………………………. 19 – School in Egypt, Welcomed in……………. 395 –on Christian Work in Latin America (a).

– Wife, Prayer of a (b). Mrs. G. D. van Peursem 773 R E. Speer…………………………. 249 – Woman Defies a Sheikh ………………… 555 – – Pray for the……………………….. 81 – World, Challenge of the………………… 340 – Religious Work in (a). G. S. Webster …….. 187 Moslems, Africa Consecrated to Work for …….. 632 Parish of the Streets, New York (a). P. Curtis .. 279 -Alarmed, Chinese ……………………… 643 Passion-week. Self-denial During.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 311 -American Work for ……………………. 224 Pastor at Work for Missions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 777 -Among Chinese ……………………….. 142 – Does It. How One …………………….. 527 – Christian Literature for Chinese.. . . . . . . . . . . .. 869 – Missions and the ……………………… 382 – Future of the (a). S. M. Zwemer. . . . . . . . . . . 24 Paton Family, News of the…. ……. ………. 75 – Way to Reach ………………………… 708 Peace, Church and ….. : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 465 Mott, John R., in Europe…………………. 546 – for Mexico. Program of (a). J. W. Butl~r …. 813 Multiple Life of a Foreign Missionary (a). J. M. – Movements, War and ………………….. 482 McPhail. ………………………….. 369 PEKING Medical College Progress………….. 706 Munition Centers in England, Work [or Woman in 546 – Student Volunteers in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Music Effective for Missions, Making ………… 451 -The New ……………………………. 141 – Some Practical Suggestions on. D. B. Eddy.. 451 Pentacostal Church of the Nazarene in Mexico …. 619 NATIONAL Bible Institute…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 299 Persecution. Annenians Under……………… 388 —Facts About the Work of the (a). P. PERSIA Around the War Zone, To (b). S. G.

Curtis …… , ………………………. 279 Wilson…………………………….. 683 – Missionary Campaign, Laymen's …………. 163 – British Missionaries Leave. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Necessity the Mother of Invention. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 556 – Christian School in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Negro, New Attitude Toward the …………… 714 – Doctor Burned Alive in. … …….. 390 – Women, Conference for …………………. 875 – "If War Would Only End."…….. 787 Negroes in America…. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 635 -in 1915……………………. .

New Beginning (Editorial) ………………… 721 – Open Hearts in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 866 NEW HEBRIDES, Changes in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 792 – Opposing Forces in (a). W. A. Shedd. 585 New Year, Suggestions (a). B. M. Brain .II – Situation in…………………………. . 6 NEWYORKEvangelisrn ………………….. 312 – What the Future May See in….. . . . . . . . . . . .. 389 –Infidel Missions in ………………….. 881 Persian Christians, Gifts of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 710 – Parish of the Streets (a). P. Curtis ………. 279 – Christians, Heroism of. ………………… 625 NEW ZEALAND, Bible-work in …………….. 156 – Pastors Killed ………………………… 5'9 NIAS, Fifty Years' Progress in…….. .. … 324 PERU, Religious Liberty in ………. ' 5 Nicodemus. Successors of. . … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 305 Peruvian Family Baptized. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 386 NIGERIA, Elijah II. Movement in ………….. 876 PETROGRAD, Mohammedani<m in …………. 150 Ninety and Nine (a New Version) …………… 453 PHILIPPINES, American Schools in the ……… 233 Nitobe and the Teachers in Japan, Dr………… 871 -America's Duty in the ………………….. 634 NORTH AMERICA in 1915……………….. 3 -Conversions in the…………………….. 75 Northfield, Japanese……………………… 143 – Education in the. .. . .. .. .. .. . .. . . . . . . . . . … 75 – Women's Conferences in ………………… 714 – Experience in the……………………… 592 OAKLAND Sunshine Club………………… 854 – Hospital Ship for Moros in the …………… 872 Officer's Testimony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 463 – Progress in the (a). R. E. Speer…………. 109 Oldham. Bishop William F. (b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 589 -Rome in the…………………………. 541 Opium in Burma ………………………… 551 – Successful Work for the Moros in. . . . . . . . . . . .. 716 Opportunities for the Southern Tourist. T. C. !- Sunday-school Unites Forces in the. . . . . . . . . .. 717 Bliss ………………………………. 373 – Union Work in the…………………….. 316 Opportunity in Chengtu. China.. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 307 Pierson Memorial Bible School in Seoul, Progress Oregon Towns. Churches in Some. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 361 of the (b). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 493 Orient. American Relations with the (b). G. H. Playing at Missions. . . . . . . . .•.• . . . . . . . . . . 534 Jones ….••………………………… 803 PORT SAID, Armenian Refugees at …………. 396 Orientals in Christian Work……… . . . . . . . . .• 311 Porto Ricans Know Their Bibles ……………. 385 Outcast Christians in India, Influence of. . . . . . . .. 145 PORTO RICO and Prohibition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 -in India. To Educate the……………….. 626 – Cooperation in……………………….. 326

INDEX

PAGE PAGE Porto Rico. New Ideals for ………………… 863 S. P. G. Appeals for German Missions ……….. 146 – Rejects "The Evangelical Union ………… " 795 Sabbath-keeping, Revival of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 309 PORTUGAL, Baptist Work in ……………… 865 Saiki, Dr. Hezekiah R .. Maternity Hospital of.. .. 703 Possessions, Great-Where? …………….. " 785 Saint Good Jesus of the Pardons ……………. 154 Postcard, Prisoners of War… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 SALONICA Burned, Mission School in……….. 547 Prayer and Priests in Tibet (b). R. Cunningham. 128 Salva~ion Arr;>y in India ………………….. 626 – – I n RussIa………………………….. 227 -and the "Uttermost Parts" Ca). S. D. Gordon. 820 Samoan Women, Brave …………………… 316 – British Business Men at ………………. " 796 Saratoga, Conference of the Methodist Episcopal -forI917.Callsto……………………… 810 – of a Moslem Wife (b). Mrs. G. D. van Peursem 773 Church in (b). G. H. Jones……………. 590 – Peace and Unity.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 61 Sargis, Dr. Jacob………………………….WO Scandinavian Book Mission. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 711 – Raising Money Through …………. """" 134 Schools in Chosen, Mission.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 485 – To Your Knees. 0 Ye Christians … """"" 53 Scout Movement in China…………………. 231 – Week of.. …………………………. " 61 Seed Thoughts for Missionary Addresses.. 784,861,941 Preparedness-Are We Ready for War? (a). J. H. Seeking Men and Finding God (a). F. H. Rindge 509 Self-Exiled in America (b). Miss L. M'Crea ….. 525 Jowett…………………………… " 495 Presbyterian Assembly. Southern…. . . . . . . . . . . .. 636 SEOUL, Progress of the Pierson Memorial Bible – Church (South) in Mexico… . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. 617 School in.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 493 – Gifts to Missions ……………………… 713 – Missionaries Returnin~ to West Africa …….. 325 – Women Leaders Confer…………………. 152 SERBIA, Distress in…………………….. . 150 Princeton's Work in China (a). J. S. Burgess …. 603 Sennons, Missionary Story ……………….. . 779 SHANGHAI Press and the War……………. . 142 Prisoners in Italy. Among War……………… 865 – Socia1 Service in……………………… . 231 – Liberating the.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 542 -of War. Among……………………….. 60 – Opportunities amonr: War ………………. 161 SHANTUNG Christian University, $300.000 for .. . 231 – Work for Russian War (b). G. L. Leonard …. 595 SIAM, Christian Fraternity in…………….. . 628 ~~~~~~:·i~i;;;,;;.·.: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: m Prohibition, Canada and ……….. """'" … 715 – Christian Sabbath in………………….. . 146 – Conquering Spirit Worship in .•………….. 706 =~11~ SC':i:r:~~e ~;.c.t~~~.: – Porto Rico and.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 544 628 – Russian Church and.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 404 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 707 – States in U. S. A , New……………….. " 223 – Good Things Seen in………………….. . 392 Property, Christian Doctrine of (b). E. M. Poteat 428 – Hospital Patients Baptized in…………… . 146 Protestant Churches in Belgium (a). H. K. Anet 33 -in 1915…………………………….. . 2 – Episc,?pal C~urch and Missions…………. " 224 – Influence of the Gospel in ………………. . 551 – – – I n MeXIcO ………………………. 615 – Present-day Movements in ……………… . 403 —Panama Congress and the (a). H. C. – Progress in ………………………….. . 392 – Scripture as a Mirror of the Heart……….. . 472 Robbins……………………………. 19 – Tithing in …………………. ,." .. ,., .. 789 Pyramid, Unsettling the Human (a). W. F. Old- -Untrodden Ground in …………………. . 707 – What Kru Sook Said in ……………….. . 868 ham.. , ….. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 592 QUESTIONS Some Pointed. C. H. Maxwell.. " 688 – Yao of. ……………………………. . 471 Siamese Inquirers. Training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 551 RALLY DAY Missionary …………………. 782 Siberian Prisoners, Work for ………………. . 111 Reconciliation, Fellowship.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 62 Sight-seeing Religious ……………………. . 384 Recruiting for the Missionary Army……….. " 693 Slav Religion ………………………….. . 866 – Hour. Mary L. Daniels ……………… " 697 Slave Girls Sold in China…………………. . 552 Red Letter Chart ……………………….. 216 Slaves, Liberation of (a). J. H. Jowett ……… . 363 Relief Committees, Consolidation of.. . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Slessor, Mary, Review of the Life of (a). Mrs. A.

– Five Million for.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .. 460 F. Schauffier ……………………….. . 767 Religion, Universal.. …………………… " 62 Snake and Tree Worship in India ………….. . 366 Religions, World's……………………….. 784 Social Service in India…………….. . 107 Religious Question in Mexico (a). L. Cabrera…. 831 – – in Shanghai………………………. . 231 – Work in the Panama Canal Zone (a). G. S. – – in South America ………………….. . 222 Webster……………………………. 187 Socials. Missionary …………….. . 298 Revenge of Love in Turkey (a). S. R. Harlow … 667 Soldiers, Bibles Needed for …………. , …… . 623 Review of the Review ……………………. 701 -in Europe, Christian Work of the ………… . 245 Revival Came in China. How the (b). M. B. – Recreation for ……………………….. . 468 Grier.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 201 SOUTH AMERICA and the War (a). H. C.

– Scripture Messages (b). J. Goforth ………. 204 , Stuntz ……………………………. . 118 Rheinish Missionary Society in Malaysia……… 324 ==gi~~~~:~~·.:·.:::·.::::::::::::::::::::::: : 64 313 Richard, Timothy, Resignation of.. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 393 Rio Grande, Establishing Christianity on the (a). –Facts About ……………………… .. 221 S. M. Glasgow………………………. 849 –Indians of (a). H. C. Tucker ………… . 840 Roadside, Pleading on the…………………. 862 – – Social Service in …………………… . 222 Robber Tribe in India, Saving a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 391 – Seas, Missionary Spirit in the …………… . 233 Robbins, Joseph Chandler… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 63 Spanish Attack on a Colporteur….. , ………. . 546 Robert College, Graduates of ………………. 709 Spirit of Cooperation (Editorial) …………… . 126 – – Threats Against…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 148 Spiritual Engineers in Europe ……………… . 561 Robins, Raymond, Evangelistic Work of…. 383 Standard, Ten Point …………………….. . 527 Rockefeller Foundation War Aid ……………. 635 Roman Catholic Missions in Great Peril. . . . . . . .. 476 STATISTICS, American Church …………… . 167 Romanism and Buddhism…………………. 703 – for American Foreign Missions ………….. . 165 Rome at Its Worst, Church of. …………….. 153 – of the Indian Missions of the Protestant Churches of the United States, 1915…….. . 776 -in the Philippines……………………… 541 – Protestants in.. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 623 – of Protestant Foreign Missionary Societies in United States and Canada …………….. . 168 RUSSIA Changing? Is…………………… 484 – Dr. Haggard Goes to………………….. 383 – of Protestant Missions in Mexico………… . 614 Stelze's New Work, Charles ………………. . 635 -in 1915……….. " " " " " " " " " " ' " 2 Stewardship…………………………… . 430 – Jewish Refugees in… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 866 Stonemen's Fellowship …………………… . 161 – Open Door for (a). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 260 Student Social Service Work in India ……….. . 301 – Salvation Army in…………………….. 227 – Volunteer Movement, Progress of the …….. . 405 – Testaments Given in……………………. 387 – VolunteeNl-in Peking………………….. . 232 – War Prisoners in. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 547 Students in the War, Christian …………….. . 246 Russian Church and Prohibition …………… , 404 Study Class, Defining a …………………..• 296 – Church, Facts About the ………………. , 310 – – Magazine ………………………… . 220 – Prisoners. Gospel for.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 460 – – Tourist Mission ……………………. . 377 -Reform, Another……………………… 227 – Club. Mission……………………….. . 294 – War Prisoners, Work for (b). G. L. Leonard… 595 Subscriptions, Securing…………………… . 214 Russians help Armenian Refugees. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 469

PAGE PAGE SUDAN, Baganda Missionaries for the ……….. 155 Unity, French Appeal for…. . . . . .. .. . . .. .. .. .. 645 -Boys of the Munchi Tribe Seek Christ ……. 155 Unoccupied Territory in China …………….. ' 141 _ For the Children in the.. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 633 Unsettling the Human Pyramid Cal. W. F. Old: Suffering Non-Combatants (Editorial) ……… " 727 ham ………………………………. 592 _ Spiritual Victory in…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 URUMIA Continues, Suffering in……….. … 68 SULU ISLANDS, Hospital Ship for the ………. 156 – Unabated, Misery in ………………. : … : 389 i':'::::: ::::::::::::::::::::: ~~~:-~rF~~~~; Sun Vat Sen, Mrs., Baptism of. …………….. 790 566 Sunday, Providing for. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 536 _ School, Buddhists Start ………………. " 554 VAN, Thrillirg Experiences in Cal. G. C. Ray- 406 _ _ Unites Forces in the Phillippines ……….. 717 nolds ……………………………… 169 __ WorkinFormosa…………………… 632 VENEZUELA, Dark Ages in……………….. 4 Sunday-Schools, Japan and ………………… 631 Voltaire's Prediction.. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Suranam Lepers Cured ……………………. 864 WALDENSIAN Church Among Italian Soldiers .. 387 Swiss Gypsies, Mission Among ……………… 865 Wanted: A Missionary. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 211 _ m SYRIA, Daniel Bliss, Grand Old Man of Cal. D. S. F.?r°!~ei;'~~;'~·~i.'''.:::::::::::::::::::::::: WAR, African Native Christian on the ……….. 397 – Af~eBT,,:"o Ye~rs.of. …………………… 643 – an nbsh MIssIOns…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. oS _ Missionary Opportunity in………………. 5 -and Missions in India Cal. H. Anderson …… 265 -Opportumtym……………………….. 470 -and Peace Movements …………………. 482 _ Starvation in Northern ……………….. " 787 -and Religion in France Ch). R. Saillens ……. 289 Syrian Mission Property Safe …………….. " 147 -Are We Ready for Cal. J. H. Jowett ……… 495 _ Protestant College…………………… " 389 – C. M. S. Losses Through the …………….. 309 TAHITI, No Heathen in ………………… " 464 – Christian Students in the ……………….. 246 Talent Plan. E. W. Smith ………………. " 135 – Cost of the ……………………….. 468, 861 Tangier, Among the Jews of. …………….. " 712 – Gennan Misions after the……………….. 6 Testament, Demand for Khak! ……………. " 66 -Hasn't Stopped Some Things, The ………… 398 Testaments by the Thousand In Egypt……… " 396 – in East Africa, Effects of.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 875 _ Japanese Sailors Accept ………………. " 395 -in Europe………………………… ,… 1 Testimony, Officer's ……………………. " 463 – Indian Christians and the. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. 448 Thanksgiving, Plan for ……………………. 859 – Losses in the Great. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 784 Theological Students, Missions Boards and ….. " 224 Thinking Gray in Missions (b). S. M. Zwemer.. 523 -Love and Hatred in the………………… 810 Thompson, David, Life and Work of (a). W. E. – O?portunjties of ~he. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 731 – PrIsoners In RussIa ……………………. 547 Griffis……………………………. " 655 – Problems in Northern Canada …………… 384 _ Dr. Wardlaw, Memorial to …………….. " 796 -South America and the Cal. H. C. Stuntz….. 118 Tibet, Prayer and Priests in (b). R. Cunningham 128 – Time in China, Union Meetings in ………… 393 Tither, EXl'erience of a …. '" ……………. " 874 -Zone, To Persia Around the Cb). S. G. Wilson 683 Tithing in Spite of Famine in China …………. 870 Warfare, Christian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 621 TOKYO, Influencing China at ……………… 554 War's Worst Peril. ………………………. 620 Tourist Opportunities for Missions ………… " 373 Washington, Booker T. (a). C. Richardson…… 99 Troopers' Bihle Class…………………… " 874 – – Memorial …………………………. 543 Troops and Mexicans, Bibles for ………….. " 716 WASIDNGTON, Laymen's National Missionary Congress at …………………………. 246 -on Mexican Border, Work for ……………. 646 Turk Worth Saving, Is the Cal· C. T. Riggs ….. 737 – Me!"s Congress of Missions in Cal. D. L. T~~, An:ba~sador Morgenthau's Tribute to Wat;;:!'~~.r:'Ne'~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 54~1~9 MlSSlonanes In…………………….. " 388 Watson, President Charles R., of Cairo ……….

_ American Hospitals in ………………… " 624 Week of Prayer…………………………. 61 _ American Missionaries in……………….. 304 _ American Schools Not Closed in. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 549 Welsh Christians at Work…………………. 865 – and the Zionists ……………………… ; 709 WEST INDIES, Hindus in the ……………… 153 -Armenians Sold in…………………….. 227 West Point Cadets, Bibles for ……………… 54., -Awful Scenes in ErZToom ………………… 549 What an American Saw in Asia Cb). W. Price…. 528 _ Confiscated Missions in ………………. '" 786 – Would Jesus Do? ……………………… 154 _ Graduates of Robert College in …………… 709 Wiloer in America, Robert P ……………….. 635 -in 1915 ……………………. ··········. 2 Wilson on China and Missions……………… 97 –: Missionary Return to M arsovan. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 866 Win, Forces that Cal. R. E. Speer………….. 576 — Missions and War·in …………………. " 402 Woman's Baptist Home Mission in Mexico ……. 616 _ Missions in Captured Cities in …………. " 322 – Medical College in India….. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 230 _ Mysterious Postal Card from …………….. 709 Women, Brave Samoan…………………… 316 -NewAmbassadorto …………………… 786 -of Mexico Cal. Mrs. J. W. Butler………… 181 _ Pan-Turanian Movement in ……………… 805 – of the World …………………………. 861 -Plightof. ……………………………. 321 Women's Conference in Northfield ………….. 714 -Recent Newsfrom …………………….. 67 – Work at Home. …. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 – Recent Reports from.. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 483 Workers, not Shirkers …………………….. 785 _ Revenger of Love in Cal. S. R. Harlow ……. 667 Wor~d. Challenge to America. W. F. Oldham….. 340 – Signs of Death in…………. , …………. 729 – VlSIon …………………………….. " .,56 -Signs of Life in ……………………….. 730 World's Sunday-school Committee, Change in….. 398 -ThingsthatRemainin …………………. 624 Wu Ting Fang, Experience of. ……………… 152 _ Thrilling Experiences in Van .Ca). C. G. Raynolds 169 Yao of Siam……………………………. 471 -To-morrow In Cal. C. T. Riggs ………….. 915 Ye Did It Not CPoem). C. Maud Brown…….. 619 Turkish Educational Laws Modified …………. 1-17 Y. M. C. A. Among the Soldiers in Europe …….. 561 Turks and American Missions………… 563 – Campaign in China, Results of a …………. 553 UGANDA Heresy Subsiding ……………….. 634 -in France……………………………. 149 – New Cathedral in……………………… 315 – in Hangchow.. .. .. . . .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. … 472 -True Heroism in (b). Bishop Tucker ……… 208 – International. ………………………. " 617 Unbound Feet, Blessing of. ……………….. 142 – Korean Railway… . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 704 Underwood, Horace G., Life and Work of. Mrs. – Making Headway in Japan ……………… 30R Underwood……………………….. " 903 – Secretary in Korea, Yun Chi Ho now ……… 792 . Union for Canada, Church ………………… 566 – Work in Mesopotamia ………………….. 788 -for England, Church…………………… 406 – Work, World-wide…………………….. 460 – Work, Episcopalians and ……………….. 486 Y. W. C. A. Jubilee ……………………… 150 – – in the Philippines.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 316 Young Women's World Work… …. . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Yuan Shih Kai and the Bible (a). E. W. Thwing 123 United Effort, Value of. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 292 Yueatap, ~eform Governor in. " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 864 – RCVlval m…. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 UNITED STATES, Japanese in the …………. 312 Yun Chi Ho now Y. M. C. A. Secretary in Korea. 792 – New Prohibition States in………………. 223 – Stati~ti<:s !Jf Protestant Foreign Missionary SoCIetIes In. . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . .. • .. . . .. 168 ZIONISTS, Turkey and the ……………….. 709 – Winning Foreign Students in the …………. 310 ZULULAND, Dowieism in …………………. 314 Unity, David Thompson, Apostle of Christian Cal. Zulu's Testimony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50 W. E. Griffis ………………………… 655 Zwemer, Dr., and the Magistrate…………… 954

The Missionary Review of the World — December 1916

HORACE G. UNDERWOOD ADDRESSING A SUNDAY-SCHOOL RALLY OF SIXTEEN

PEOPLE, AT THE NORTH PALACE, SEOUL, KOREA When Dr. Underwood went to Korea in 1885, there were almost no Christians there. To-day there are over 200,000 Protestant Christians, many of whom are actively engaged in volunteer preaching of the Gospel

MISSIONARY

EVIEW~ VOL. DECEMBER, 1916 NUMBER TWELVE XXXIX INFIDEL MISSIONS IN NEW YORK T HE forces for righteousness have never been more active in the great American metropolis than they are to-day. Not only are there hundreds of churches and missions, but during the summer one organization alone (the National Bible Institute) conducted 2,000 open-air meetings at which about 200,000 people heard the Gospel. Thousands indicated their purpose to become followers of Jesus Christ.

On the other hand, the enemies of God are not idle. The Devil will not readily yield his sway over men, and has enlisted his followers in al- most equally active campaigns for the destruction of faith in God and in opposition to the Church of Jesus Christ. Mr. John N. Wolf, super- intendent of the Beacon Light Gospel Hall, gives us the following striking facts that should stir every Christian to renewed prayer and active testimony.

While many Christians have been settling back with a sense of security in their Christianity, content to have pastors and a few other leaders take' the entire responsibility of extending the Gospel, the "Freethinkers" have been banding themselves together and pledging each other support, until to-day there stands confronting the Christian Church a strong, energetic and persistently busy organized force of infidelity, whose members are actively engaged in denying the deity and authority of Jesus Christ, and attempting to overthrow the Christian Church.

Several infidel organizations in New York City are known by various titles that do not indicate their real character. Among these are "The New York Secular Society," "The Harlem Liberal Alliance," "The Brooklyn Philosophical Society," and "The Church of the Social Revolution," all of which seem to be strongholds of organized infidelity. Their favorite methods of attack are: first, aggressive outdoor meetings; holding meetings at Madison Square and in all the principal thorough-

fares at noon and at night whenever the weather permits. At these meet- ings Jesus Christ and the Bible are held up to ridicule, and many blasphemies are uttered.

Distribution of infidel literature is a second method of attack. Books and pamphlets written by Tom Paine, Robert G. Ingersoll, Voltaire and others are widely distributed to the young men, who make up most of the audiences, and who eagerly buy almost anything that is offered in that line. A monthly magazine is also published, for the purpose of "Educating the public and freeing them from the bondage of religion."

A third form of this satanic activity is the debate, held sometimes at the public squares and sometimes in halls. The favorite themes at these meetings are: The Resurrection, The Virgin Birth, The Trinity, The Deity of Christ and The Authenticity of the Bible. These debates are often carried on by educated and able men, who display considerable familiarity with the subjects. The Enemy of God has able generals.

Another method employed to spread infidelity is the establishment of "Sunday-schools." At least four of these in New York City have come to our attention recently. Boys and girls of the neighborhood are brought together and are taught that the Bible is not true and that Jesus Christ was either a mere man or is the mere creation of somebody's distorted imagination. Not long ago a seemingly prosperous man boasted that his two boys, ten and twelve years of age, could and did "argue Christianity out of their schoolmates whenever the opportunity afforded." What harvest must we expect from such seed sowing?

This aggressive infidelity and agnosticism is a challenge to the Christian Church to proclaim the Gospel by word and deed to the unchurched and unsaved multitudes of men, women and children in our cities. Many pastors and laymen are recognizing the opportunity offered by the street meeting to reach the masses, and year after year, during the spring, summer and fall months, they have gone out into the highways and byways preaching the Word of Life. If the average Christian layman were only half as energetic and enthusiastic in witnessing to his faith as the average "Freethinker" is in voicing his unbelief, the activities of organized infidelity in New York City would be met with such a wave of aggressive evangelism as has not been known since the apostolic days. Men and women, boys and girls would then be brought from under the blighting, damning influence of infidelity into the light and liberty of the Son of God.

THE NEvV JAPANESE PREMIER M ANY of the references in the American press to the new Japanese Cabinet speak of the Premier, Count Terauchi, as militaristic and bureaucratic, and anticipate from him an aggressive and energetic foreign policy, a reactionary and repressive administration at home and, in general, an era of bold nationalism which will please the jingo element in Japan. Some of the Japanese papers

OF THE TIMES

speak in the same tone of the Premier and share these anticipations. When such expectations are formed it is often difficult, even with good intentions, to disappoint them. History is too ready to provide what is demanded of it. But there is good ground for rejecting these judgments and forebodings.

It is true that Count Terauchi is a soldier and has the confidence and regard of the military element in Japan, but he has never fought in wars which he brought on. His career in Chosen has been firm but pacific. Some of the most peace-loving Japanese statesmen preferred him as Premier to his most probable rival, on the ground that they believed he would pursue a more conciliatory or irenic course with regard to China and would work for the upbuilding of Japanese character at home, as he had striven by schools, good roads and energetic economic measures to improve Korean character and to promote the entire assimilation of the Koreans and the Japanese.

In an address to the prefectural governors soon after taking office, the new Premier avowed just such purposes as these. He promised that his constant aim would be to uphold justice and to use particular circumspection with regard to the foreign relations of the country, so that its faith with other nations should be kept above reproach. He wished in particular, he said, to maintain friendly relations with China and to place the peace of the Far East on a secure footing. The Premier urged that preparation be made for a reactionary period in trade immediately after the war was ended, the accumulation of specie to strengthen the currency system and the stimulation of the production of articles for export. He emphasized especially a need of national reform based upon the inculcation of the virtues of loyalty to the throne, filial devotion, clean living, honesty, industry, sense and honor. "The efficiency of our national defense depends largely upon the personal character and health of the people and also upon their economic development," he declared.

All friends of Japan will rejoice to credit these assurances and to hope for a peaceful and constructive administration under one who will seek peace the more steadfastly because he knows the horrors of war, and who will strive to promote the moral well being of the nation because he knmvs that righteousness and not force is the true basis of national greatness and prosperity.

VIEWS OF ANCESTOR VORSHIP IN CHIl'A WHEN, at the Shanghai Missionary Conference of 1877, the sub- ject of ancestor worship was discussed at length, the prevalent feeling of opposition was the only one to find full expression. In 1890, when the missionaries came together at the same city in a second General Con ference, three strong objectors to the ordinary view raised their voices against the orthodox presentation of the subject. At the Centenary Conference in 1907 ancestor worship was again discussed, but this time with scarcely any objection to the more liberal views which

seventeen years before had caused a demand for a division of the house in order to isolate those holding dangerous semi-heathen positions, as some regarded them. This gradual movement toward the position of the Jesuits in the seventeenth century, which divided the Romanists of China into two warring camps and which involved Popes in a controversy with China's most eminent emperor, Kang Hsi, is one of the signs of the times in this day of wide interest in universal religion, even in its lower animistic stages.

A long communication has been sent us, written by a consular officer of many years' residence in China. As a true Christian and as one who, through the courts and otherwise, has had occasion to study the subject under consideration, he has arrived at certain convictions which approximately coincide with those of the three dissidents almost outlawed by the General Conference of 1890. His general conclusions are stated in these words: "To my mind, it is clear that to be successful the Church of China must be a truly Chinese Church. Its spirit will be one with the Christian spirit throughout the world; but its form, ritual and festivals, its outward aspects, should be distinctively Chinese and conform to Chinese traditions. As such it would be a bulwark of national life and would be a part of it, not as now a mere excrescence, foreign in form, tradition and tendency. Before it can become truly Chinese, a formula must be found for ancestor worship."

Probably two-thirds of the Chinese missionaries would agree with this contention; but relatively few would assent to all of his proposals looking toward this objective.

As a British official dealing with Chinese lawsuits, he has realized the value of ancestral tablets and the Chia Miao (family temples, literally) in which they are kept. Cases in which Christians have been ostracised, disinherited and deprived of patrimony because of their attitude· toward ancestral worship, or of their destruction of the tablets ("seats of the soul"), have come to his attention. Cases of another sort, in which official position has been secured through "family coherence," as he calls the help from clan and the immediate family in the old examination system, involving the successful civil service candidate in obligations to cousins to the nth degree, make him realize how impossible it is for an upright official to accept all family obligations. Christian principles are essential to alter many things in official practise, and how can Christianity be accepted as the transformer of life when this primal substratum of the family, ancestor worship, is tabooed by the Church? He asserts: "Christianity is in essence too strongly individualistic a religion to assimilate the doctrine of Chinese filial piety. But if Christianity adapts itself ~o conserve the civil forms of this tradition, I firmly believe that it will reenforce and vitalize the national life and morals to the benefit of the country. It would, moreover, have a much better chance of influence for good than it has, so long as it is anti-official and antagonistic to the national tradition."

All this sounds very much like the reasoning of three centuries ago, when Ricci's followers, as Jesuits, argued the case with their opponents

OF THE

of the Dominican and Franciscan Orders. That statement does not at all settle the question, for it is becoming increasingly acute in the New China of to-day, with its tendency to independence in religion and with so many of the younger missionaries in favor of a more liberal view of such worship.

It is inevitable that this theme will be resuscitated and much debated; but in our opinion it is not a matter that the Occidental Christian, nor the Occidental theological professor, can discuss profitably. It is a problem so dependent upon an intimate knowledge of Chinese literature and of Chinese sentiment and usage that only Chinese scholars and competent foreign sinalogues can settle it at all satisfactorily. For Americans to pronounce upon the question would be as futile and as stultifying as was the action of Roman pontiffs of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries in the case. We firmly believe that Chinese Protestant Christians will realize the true inwardness of these practices and will solve the problems of ancestor worship in the spirit and with the wisdom of our generati.on and of Christ.

THE REVOLT OF MOSLEMS REFERENCE has already been made to the uprising of the Sherif of Mecca against the authority of the Sultan of Turkey. Is this one way in which God is making the wrath of man to praise Him? Dr. J. Wilkie, of the Gwalior Presbyterian Mission, India, sees in this another indication that Turkey is digging her own grave. He writes: "Vhen the war broke out the Young Turkish Party saw glory for themselves, and Enver Pasha and his party compelled Turkey to throw in her lot with the Central Powers. Slowly, however, Turkey is reaping the fruit of her act. Russia has already taken a fairly large bite out of Turkey's most flourishing provinces. Most of Europe had previously been taken from her, and before the war is over she will need to pack up for some more congenial clime-if any such is left to her. Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine and all the old hoary fatherland of the race seem in a fair way to pass into other hands.

"The most severe blow of all was, however, aimed at the autocracy at Constantinople when the Sherif of Mecca seized the holy places of the Moslems and began driving out of old Arabia all signs of the authority of the Sultan."

What does this mean? It is a revolt of those who are wearied with Turkish control, especially with the Young Turks and what are called the Advanced Thinkers. This reform party have brought in many changes not only in Turkey but in all the Moslem world whe.re they have had influence. The conservative Moslem parties have been successively pushed out of office in Egypt, Turkey, Persia and Morocco. The true Moslems, however, declare emphatically that "reformed Moslems are Moslems no longer." The Sherif of Mecca is therefore opposed to the Young Turks on both religious and on political grounds. In his

revolt against Turkey he turns for protection to Great Britain as a nation favorable to the preservation of Moslem control of Moslem shrines.

The reformed Moslem parties are purely political, and their "Pan- Islamic League" and "All India l1os1em League" are efforts to preserve a dying Moslem political power. The "Holy War" in Persia and the Armenian outrages have also been spasmodic attempts to save a dying state.

The "Orthodox" Moslems in Arabia are breaking away from Turkey, since there is no longer a recognized head of Islam in Turkey. The Sherif of Mecca now aspires to this position as a religious rather than as a political office. Turkish government in Arabia has been a failure there as elsewhere, and their loss of even nominal authority is a blessing to mankind. Soon practically all of the Moslems of the world will be under Christian governments, and it is hoped that Islam will cease to be a national religion.

'V"hereas a century ago almost all Moslems were under Moslem rulers, it seems inevitable that the time will come when the entire Moslem world will be under Christian or at least under non-Moslem governments. When will the time come when Moslems will loyally acknowledge the sovereignty of the Lord Jesus Christ as supreme over Mohammed?

IS JUDAISM DISINTEGRATING?

N OT only is Mohammedanism breaking as a result of the war, but, according to Rev. Mr. 'iVebster, missionary of the United Free Church of Scotland in Budapest, there are signs also of the break-up of Judaism. A Jewish writer says: "All that goes to comprise Judaism has been battered well-nigh to death by the war." Mr. Webster calls attention to the great migration of Jews from Poland and elsewhere, and says: "The whole situation is one which Christians cannot view with equanimity, for the matters mentioned, together with the varieties of language spoken by the Jews, the differences in their educational and mental training, in their past political and social environment, their materialistic instincts, the ramifications of their influence on the life of other peoples, all indicate an acute problem; but the upheaval, the disintegration, the soul-hunger, the new groupings and new conditions mark also a perfectly unique opportunity."

All these sorrows of Israel call the Church to realize a danger, to regard a need, to show faith in the power of her own Gospel, and they challenge her to deal with her Jewish mission imperially and practically. The Church requires, more than ever, Jewish mission boards of men who have specialized in the Jewish question, who know the field, are acquainted with Jewish life and thought, conversant with the varieties of Jewish mission work, and therefore able to decide on the demands of the situation.

i; JEDITORIAL COMMENT ~

~" ,"UUil '@ LHriI,h "UUU 'LRN"r*sQ; 'LHhJ" LHhJ'"

RELIGION AND LIBERTY IN KOREA T HE able article on "Religious Liberty in Chosen," which appears in this number, is one of unusual interest. Mr. Komatsu is a fine type of the modern J ap.anese official. After a course at the Doshisha at Kyoto, the Christian College formerly conducted under the American Board and now under the auspices of the Congregational Churches of Japan, he spent several years in the United States at Yale and Princeton Universities. Educated, alert and capable, his abilities were soon recognized by the Japanese Government, and although he is still a comparatively young man, he was appointed by General Terauchi, now Prime Minister of Japan, to the important post of Commissioner of Foreign Affairs of the Government-General of Chosen.

Commissioner Komatsu writes, of course, from his own viewpoint, and in doing so naturally expresses some opinions and makes some statements with which American readers will not be in entire accord. We have, however, gladly given to him the freedom of our columns, and think it most helpful that he has courteously responded to our request. The length of the article and the importance of using it promptly, in spite of its arrival after our pages were filled, has led us to use it in this number in a slightly abbreviated form. Without any change in the statements or opinions expressed, we have left the honorable Commissioner to speak for himself.

It is significant that a responsible Japanese official of high rank should avail himself of an opportunity to state the views of his Government on a domestic issue before English readers on the other side of the world. It affords an additional evidence that the Japanese desire to have a friendly understanding with American and British nations. The era of national isolation has passed and governments can be no longer indifferent to the public opinion of mankind. The Japanese justly claim the right to make their own regulations regarding internal affairs, but they also understand that in this day of international relationships and intercommunication the sentiment of the world must be taken into account. So fully do the Japanese act upon this fact that for several years they have published in English a voluminous "Annual Report of Reforms and Progress in Chosen," in which they carefully explain what they are doing in Chosen and what their plans are for the future.

The pages omitted from Mr. Komatsu's article refer. chiefly to "The Korean Conspiracy Case." This involves so many differences of opinion and such disagreement as to what are the facts that it might cause useless controversy and misunderstanding to enter into a discussion

of the subject. It is now passed, and we trust is settled. V"e could have wished that he had qualified the words "plot" and "attempt" by the word "alleged," since many, even of the Japanese, hold that the accusations were not proven. The court proceedings in this now celebrated case were published long ago in English, and have been read by many persons not only in the Far East but in America and Great Britain. Anyone, reading that bulky pamphlet, can form his own opinion on the basis of the origi- nal documents. Mr. Komatsu is undoubtedly right in mentioning this case as one of the causes of misunderstanding between the Japanese Gov- ernment and the missionaries and Korean Christians.

The educational regulations of the Government-General in Chosen form, however, the main issue at present. A careful distinction should be made between the legitimate end which the Japanese Government is seeking and the wisdom of some of the methods used. The end is the. amalgamation of Chosen as an integral part of the empire of Japan, the assimilation of its people with the Japanese, and the development in them of a national spirit as citizens of the greater Japan. Vith this purpose we are in hearty sympathy, as are the missionary boards at home and an overwhelming majority of the missionaries in Chosen.

All agree, too, that the Japanese Government-General is unques- tionably right in regarding education as essential to the realization of this policy. Accordingly, we rejoice to see the Japanese developing a system of free public schools. We cordially concur, also, in the conviction of the Japanese that public schools maintained by the Government should exclude distinctively religious teaching. The reasons for separating education and religion in the public schools of the United States are made even stronger in Chosen by the presence of Confucianism, Christianity and a medley of rival sects of Buddhism. Of course, we cannot expect the Government to turn its public schools over to anyone of the religions, and in a land where non-Christian faiths still far outnumber Christianity, we may be thankful that the Government schools do exclude religion.

The point at which we differ from Mr. Komatsu's view is as to the right of religious people to teach religion in the private schools which they privately carry on at their own expense. It is right that the Japanese should require such schools to maintain a definite educational standard, but every other civilized government in the world freely accords to religious bodies the privilege to teach religion in private schools in which attendance is voluntary. There are thousands of such schools in the United States, Great Britain and Canada, and the same privilege is enjoyed by mission schools i·n the British possessions in Asia and Africa and in the Philippine Islands.

True friends of Japan in America and Great Britain regpet that the Government-General of Chosen has adopted a policy which, by requiring the omission of religious education from the curricula of these privately supported mission schools, may result in the closing of many

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of these schools that mean so much to the moral and intellectual develop- ment of the Koreans. * 'While we differ from Mr. Komatsu in his viewpoint and think that he has not made clear the distinction between religious education in public and in private schools, we are sure that our readers will share our high appreciation of the marked ability and candor with which he has presented the subject.

POSITIVE MESSENGERS WANTED F IFTY years ago the Foreign Missionary problem was much more simple than it is to-day. Then there were comparatively few boards engaged in the work, and there were not as many Protestant missionaries in all the foreign fields as are sent out now in one year. Then the evangelistic missionary predominated and theological training was considered most important. To-day the medical, educational, industrial and social departments of the work have become so large that they are sometimes in danger of absorbing or overshadowing the evangelistic.

JVloney then was difficult to secure, even in small amounts, and giving was a direct result of prayerful consecration. To-day foreign missions have become more popular through the advocacy of prominent men and women in all walks of life. Philanthropy has extended its interests to foreign lands, and larger gifts, like those of the Rockefeller Foundation, have made possible magnificent achievements in medical and educational work.

Fifty years ago there was more of an appeal to heroic self-sacrifice, for the pioneer work called for many hardships and dangers that do not now normally exist in most mission lands. The missionary was isolated and was called upon to do everything, from reducing a language to writing to building a boat.

The new situation both at home and abroad; the changes in theological views in some seminaries; the larger number of recruits called for and the different basis of appeal in much educational, medical and student work have made it much more difficult to select candidates with strong evangelistic purpose and clear and positive convictions as to the deity of Jesus Christ, the miracles of His life, birth and resurrection, the authenticity of the Bible and the necessity for spiritual regeneration and guidance.

In the apostolic days the call of the Holy Spirit set apart only those men best iltted to establish living churches in new ilelds. None were called with merely philanthropic interest in their brother men, and none who were uncertain in their distinctly Christian message. The men and women who have been truly successful, those who have been instrumental in converting cannibals and idolaters, in establishing praying and *This question is to be more fully disccussed by Dr. Arthur J. Brown, the Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, in an article entitled "]apanese Nationalism and Mission Schools in Chosen" in the January number of the International Review of Missions.

witnessing churches, have been men and women not only of fine Christlike spirit but of deep prayer life and strong convictions as to fundamentals. This is the kind of men and women needed to-day. These are the men and women. called for from the mission fields. Intellectual talents, practical experience and other qualities are desired, but spiritualmindedness and spiritual power are the prime requisites for those who would be God's ambassadors to non-Christian lands. These qualities are necessary to enable the missionary both to resist temptations to sin and compromise and to build up a living, growing, healthy Christianity in foreign lands. While we emphasize the need for high ideals of efficiency and adaptability, we must place the chief emphasis on spiritual equipment; we must make the basis of appeal for new missionaries that of Christ sending His ambassadors to give the regenerating Gospel rather than that of philanthropists who wish to help their fellow men to a higher physical, mental and spiritual plane of living. The Church of tomorrow in China, Africa and elsewhere will depend on the ideals and measure of spiritual power in those who are laying the foundation to-day.

May God thrust out into His harvest fields only the laborers who have been clearly separated and empowered by the Holy Spirit.

MEDICAL MISSIONARY CRISIS IN INDIA SO impelling has been the call for medical help in connection with the Great War that India has given up many of its male medical missionaries for military service. During the past two years British physicians especially have felt the call to offer their services to a base hospital or to an appointment with the troops on the battle-front.

Dr. R. H. H. Goheen, in charge of the Vengurla Mission Hospital, calls attention also to another reason why the medical mission work of British and Continental societies suffers during the war-the obvious reason of a reduced financial support from Europe. Also the increased cost of operation indicates the need of increased support. Medical supplies catalogues indicate a rise in price of not less than 50 per cent for the simpler drugs, e.g., epsom salts, and of as much as 600 per cent for the less common but none the less necessary drugs, e.g., sodium salicylate.

India's need for medical aid has, at the same time, become greater than ever. British medical officers, formerly in charge of civil hospitals and dispensaries, have been withdrawn for military service, and their places are now filled by subordinates. This, of course, puts in the hands of many locally trained Indians greater responsibilities than they ever dared to expect, and should help in their development. The Indian populace suffers, however, because of the absence of the trained men.

America especially is helping over the crisis in the medical missions of India by supplementing the reduced forces of many mission hospitals; by increasing gifts so as adequately to maintain existing work, and by providing for the additional work made necessary because of the withdrawal of the British medical officers from India.

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BY THE HUN. MIDORI KO:IATZU, LL.B. (YALE), M.A. (PRINCETON) Secretary General of the Central Council, Commissioner of Foreign Affairs, of the (Japanese) Government-General of Chosen.

At our request the Commissioner of Foreign Affairs has sent the /ollrHc';ng authoritative statement showing the Japanese view of "Religious Liberty in Korea." Tltis is publislted in tlte hope of creating a better understanding of the position of the Japanese as to tlte teaching of religion in mission schools and other subjects. The Commissioner explains that there is nO ground for doubting that full religious liberty is allowed in the Empire.-EDITOR.

I T is evident that a certain misunderstanding and misgiving are enter- tained in some quarters in regard to the policy and plans of the Japanese Government concerning the administration of Korea, par- ticularly so with reference to the regulations concerning religious work and the extent of religious freedom thereby granted in the peninsula. In complying with the Editor for a statement on the subject I may be able to assist in making clear what the Japanese Government is seeking to accomplish in this part of its domains.

RELIGIOUS LIBERTY-EASTERN AND WESTERN Korea now forms an integral part of Japan, and the constitutional guarantee of the Empire for the freedom of religious belief applies equally to the new dominion.

During the Middle Ages religion exercised in Western Europe a preponderating influence, internal as well as international, giving rise to bloodshed and innumerable occasions for strife. Vith the progress of time, however, the emancipation of conscience and freedom of belief came out triumphant after centuries of struggle and are now regarded as of the utmost importance to individual happiness and the public welfare. This principle of freedom of religion and worship first received practical recognition in the time of the French Revolution and of the War of Independence in the United States of America. Since then, the principle has gradually won approval in other civilized countries, and the people living in such countries enjoy entire freedom of religious belief, although some countries still maintain a State religion or favor a particular creed in the organization of their social structure or in their system of education. Great Britain and Germany are notable examples of such countries. In the United States, it was provided in Article I of the First Ten Amendments that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, etc." It is obvious that this amendment was adopted for the reason that to force upon a nation a particular form of belief, by the State establishment of a religion, was

injurious to the natural development of its people; for it would impede their intellectual advancement by free competition, not to speak of diverse prejudices emanating from the mixing of religion with politics.

While in France the freedom of religious belief was declared when the First Republic was established, it was only in recent years that the Government took definite steps aiming at a complete separation of State from Church. A law was promulgated on December 9, 1905, in which it was declared that the Republic guaranteed the liberty of conscience, that it did not recognize any religion, and that it could not grant any allowance or subsidy to any cult whatever.

In order to carry out the principle of the separation of State and Church, the French Government went so far as to cause all estimates relating to religion hitherto included in the budgets of villages, towns. cities, provinces and the State to be struck out. Moreover, all lands and buildings belonging to the State, but used by churches and theological schools as well as by priests as residences, were confiscated and transferred to the possession of villages, towns, cities, provinces and the State, respectively.

Italy naturally experienced greater difficulty in effecting the separation of State and Church. Cavour proclaimed the doctrine of, a free Church in a free State; but he found it impossible fully to carry out the principle in his country, where the dominant religious body was most intimately intertwined with the public life. The State has, however, abandoned the right of nomination to ecclesiastical offices, while the bishops are no longer required to take an oath of allegiance to the King. The State has also renounced all control over the seminaries for priests; and the Church has been granted the freedom of meeting, of publication, and of jurisdiction in spiritual matters. Conversely, acts of the ecclesiastical authorities have ceased to be privileged; they have not only no legal force if they are contrary to the law or violate private rights, but are not even exempt from the provisions of the criminal code.

CONSTITUTIONAL GUARANTEE IN JAPAN Japan is in a more fortunate position in carrying out the principle of complete separation of Church and State than most of the civilized nations in the Occident. Article XXVIII of the Constitution of the Empire of Japan, which was promulgated in 1889, provides that "]apanese subjects shall, within limits not prejudicial to peace and order and not antagonistic to their duties as subjects, enjoy freedom of religious belief."

It may be contended that the freedom of religious belief in Japan is not unqualified but conditional, and, therefore, it cannot be regarded as such in the same sense as in the United States. But no such thing as absolute liberty in any branch of human activity can be conceived as existing in any civilized country. Such liberty which Madame Roland denounced as being responsible for the commission of many crimes in its

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name was no true liberty at all. Liberty is freedom of action without trespassing on the same liberty of others. I t is the result of law, not of the absence of law. Dr. Burgess, of Columbia University, defines freedom of religion and worship in his valuable treatise on "Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law." After alluding to the case of Reynolds v. the United States, in which constitutional immunity of the individual in respect to the freedom of religion and worship was fixed and determined, the learned gentleman says: "The free exercise of religion secured by the Constitution to the individual against the power of the government is, therefore, confined to the realm of purely spiritual worship; i. e., to relations between the individual and an extra-mundane thing." Dr. Burgess then sums up: "So soon as religion seeks to regulate relations between two or more individuals, it becomes subject to the powers of the government and to the supremacy of the law, i. e., the individual has in this case no constitutional immunity against government interference."

This is precisely the kind of freedom of religious belief guaranteed by the Constitution of Japan. Whatever his belief, no believer in any religion, on the ground of serving his God, has the right to place himself outside the pale of the law in a civilized country and so free himself from his duties to the State, which duties he is bound to observe as being one of its constituents. So long as a belief or conviction is confined to the operations of mind, it is beyond the controlling power of the government; but as soon as it appears in the form of worship, in the method of propagandism, in the formation of associations and in public meetings, the government will instantly be obliged to interfere for the sole purpose of maintaining public peace and order by means of general legislation or police regulations.

REGULATION OF RELIGIOUS EXERCISES While there is thus no disparity in the principle of religious liberty between Japan and the United States, the Japanese Government is more deeply concerned than the American Government in regulating religious exercises. The reason is that there exist in Japan more different religions with their numerous sects and denominations than in the United States or in anyone of the European countries. Besides, in the latter countries, where Christianity is regarded as the only true religion, religious liberty is generally considered to mean the freedom of believing either in Catholicism or in Protestantism; while in Japan, including Korea, it means the freedom of embracing any of the existing religions and their branches, which amount to the number of more than seventy, besides more than a dozen denominations of Christianity.

According to Professor Tiele, ethical religions may be divided into (a) communities in which the bond of the nation is a law under divine sanction, such as Jainism, Brahmanism, primitive Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Mazdaism, Mosaism and Judaism, and (b) communities

which are religious and universalistic, i. e., Mohammedanism, Buddhism and Christianity. Now, of all these, Brahmanism, Buddhism, Confu- cianism, Taoism, :Mohammedanism and Christianity, with their number- less sects, are at present obtaining in Oriental countries, and the consti- tutional guarantee of the freedom of religious belief in Japan extends to each and all of these religions.

In Korea, the majority of the people are followers of Confucius, while the rest are mostly believers in Buddhism, only some 350,000 out of 15,000,000 souls being Christian converts. Then there are existent in this peninsula at least four sects of Shintoism and more than fifteen sects of Buddhism, while, excluding the Salvation Army and the British and American Bible Societies, Christianity is represented by ten denomina- tions of Protestantism and three of Catholicism, besides three branches of the Japanese Christian Church. As to missionaries working among the Korean people, they are of five different nationalities, namely: Amer- ican, British, including Canadian and Australian, French, Russian and German.

AFTER THE ANNEXATION OF KOREA When Korea was annexed the Government of Japan decided to incorporate the new territory into the Empire as an integral part, but not as a dependency or colony, and to accord the Koreans the same treatment as the Japanese, except in cases where treaties or special laws provided otherwise. In a proclamation issued on the occasion of the inauguration of the new regime, the Governor-General declared with regard to religious liberty in Korea as follows: "The freedom of religious belief is recognized in all civilized countries. There is indeed nothing to be said against anybody trying to gain spiritual peace by believipg in whatever religious faith he or she considers to be true. But those who engage in strife on account of sectarian differences, or take part in politics, or pursue political intrigues under the name of religious propaganda, do injury to good manners and customs, and disturb public peace and order; and as doing such shall be dealt with by law. There is no doubt, however, that a good religion, be it Buddhism or Confucianism, or Christianity, has as its aim the improvement, spiritual as well as material, of mankind at large, and in this not only does it not conRict with the administration, but really helps it in attaining the object it has in view. Consequently all religions shall be treated equally, and, further, due protection and facilities shall be accorded their legitimate propagation."

From the above quotation it will be observed that the Governor- General of Chosen is bound not only strictly to observe the principle of religious liberty, but the proclamation shows also an appreciation of the real aim of religion. Accordingly the Government has always been prepared to extend, as far as possible, a helping hand to the propagation of religions. In many instances, the Government has sold or leased to foreign missions land or old buildings belonging to the State at moderate prices or nominal rents, and such land or buildings as are exclusively used for religious purposes are exempt from taxation.

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To cite an instance of special grace, a yearly grant of ro,ooo Yen ($5,000) was made for some years by the Governor-General to the Korean Y. M. C. A. in aid of its educational work. The principal representatives of different religious bodies are included in the list of guests privileged to be invited to parties given by the Governor-General on not only formal but on private occasions. In short, it may safely be said that Korea enjoys the same liberty as the mother country, if indeed the neW colony is not shown more favor in religious matters.

How is it then that any misunderstanding should be entertained in some quarters concerning the policy and plans of the Governor-General of Chosen in regard to religious liberty, while in the mainland of Japan no such thing is noticeable? In my opinion two causes give rise to such. misunderstanding. The one is the so-called "Conspiracy Case" and the other the regulations -recently promulgated with regard to education in private schools and religious propagation.

THE SO-CALLED "CONSPIRACY CASE"

The Conspiracy Case was really nothing more than an attempt at assassination of the Governor-General by a number of Korean malcontents. Due, however, to the fact that some of the ringleaders of the plot were connected in one way or another with the mission schools at Sen-Sen [Syen Chun], and that some of the prisoners intended to involve certain missionaries in the case by alleging that the latter acted or spoke in such a way as to encourage them in their attempt, the case assumed an altogether disproportionate dimension and the missionaries concerned directly or indirectly volunteered to take an active part in the movement [for the defendants], which resulted in producing an entirely opposite effect to what they originally aimed at. . . .

A secret dispatch sent to the Edinburgh Conference Continuation Committee by two of the missionaries, and which was reproduced in the China Press) wantonly charged the Government with a plot to drive Christianity out of Chosen and so constituted a "moral conspiracy case" against the authorities. Since the dispatch was private and its publication was entirely unauthorized, the Government had no choice but to refrain from making a public refutation of the grave accusations therein contained. So the accusations remained without being officially denied, giving rise to misunderstanding in certain quarters as to the attitude of the Government towards Christian work in Korea.

NEW REGULATIONS FOR PRIVATE SCHOOLS The second cause responsible for misunderstanding is the promulgation of amended "Regulations for Private Schools and Regulations for Religious Propagation." In the former regulations a fixed course of studies is set forth to be observed in private schools, it being practically the same as the one fixed for public schools. The chief aim of this pro-

vision is to bring all educational organs, private as well as public, aiming at giving a national or general e'ducation, under a uniform and efficient system, Accordingly, religious teaching and ceremonies were excluded from the curriculum provided for private schools which intend to give a general education.

Now at the time the regulations were promulgated, there existed in Korea 1,242 private schools, officially recognized, to which the regulations were to be applied, and of these 473 schools were under the management of foreign missionaries belonging to various denominations. As a rule Bible teaching was included in the course of studies of these mission schools. In consideration of the difficulties these schools would experience if they were required immediately to give up religious teaching, the Government granted them a period of grace of ten years in which to comply with the provision in question.

Now it goes without saying that it is the duty of every good government to bring up a people capable of succeeding to the present generation with credit and to secure for the State a strong and lasting foundation. Education, therefore, must be shaped in accordance with the needs of a State and in such a way as to contribute to the maintenance of its national characteristics. Accordingly private schools cannot be exempt from the general educational policy of the Government; for if they be allowed, on account of their being managed by private persons or corporations, to give an education along diverse and unrestrained lines to suit their own peculiar bent, a State will not only be unable to give its citizens a uniform and complete education, but it will furnish reasons and opportunities for religious strife to occur, especially in such a country as Korea with its many private schools maintained and managed by the numerous denominations and sects of Buddhism, Confucianism and Christianity.

Under the old Korean Government, little attention was paid to national education, and private schools were allowed to carryon the education of children in the old-fashioned way, Chinese classics and caligraphy being the chief subjects taught. It was but natural that missionaries felt themselves in duty bound to take up educational work along modern lines, and so a large number of schools were brought into existence by them. For this great credit is due to them, and their educational work is highly appreciated by the present administration, which was no sooner inaugurated than it began to pay serious attention to the improvement and development of the educational conditions of the country.

Year by year the present Government has established new schools for the Korean rising generation until to-day there are in the country more than four hundred public elementary schools, besides several higher institutes giving a medical, legal, technical or agricultural education. It is the purpose of the Government-General of Chosen further to improve the educational conditions of the country by establishing many more schools and by introducing exactly the same system of education as in Japan. It was in consonance with this purpose that the Government

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promulgated the Regulations for Private Schools, inevitably involving the separation of religion from education, for these are nothing more than a natural consequence of the application of the fundamental principle of the general administrative policy already fully expounded.

As, however, the advisability of this particular provision has been questioned by some of the interested persons connected directly or indirectly with missionary work in Korea, it does not seem outside of the present purpose to explain here briefly the reason which prompted the authorities to adopt it. It is the opinion of the authorities that, since the freedom of religious belief is constitutionally guaranteed, thereby precluding the subjection of anyone to any disadvantage on account of his or her religious faith, the separation of religion not merely from politics but also from education is requisite in order that the benefit of the guarantee may be fully attained. For if a school posing as giving a general education to children of a certain community, say a village, be permitted to include particular religious teaching in its regular course of study, the inhabitants of such a village, other than believers in that particular religion, would practically be deprived of acquiring a general education should there be but one school in their village, as is generally the case in Korea. If that particular religion happened to be Confucianism or Buddhism, as would most likely be the case in Korea, children of Christian converts would find themselves confronted by the awkward predicament of either being compelled to deny themselves the benefit of an education or subjecting themselves to a religious teaching their parents would naturally dislike being given them. This disadvantage would be still greater in the case of mission schools. pro Baird, the former President of the Union College of Pyeng Yang, held the opinion, no doubt shared by many missionaries, that students and pupils of mission schools should be recruited from among Christian families only, so that the atmosphere of the schools might not be contaminated by the mixture of unbelievers.

It was in view of this that the Regulations under consideration were promulgated, their aim being to secure to people of different faiths perfect freedom of belief without being placed in any disadvantageous position as regards the education of their children. As it is, the Regulations concern only such private schools as are giving general education, and do not affect schools giving special instructions or seminaries or other schools teaching theology or giving religious instruction of a particular sect or denomination. Sunday schools are also left entirely unaffected by the Regulations. At all events, the Regulations do not contain any clause causing obstruction or inconvenience in the way of religious propagation or the carrying on of religious instruction independently of general education.

In the main land of Japan, primary education has entirely become a State function under a compulsory education law where no room is left for the existence of missionary schools of similar grade; and the same

conditions are expected to prevail in Korea before long. As to higher educational institutions, I am of the opinion that different missions should establish colleges or universities in Korea along the same line as in the United States, where Yale University was established by Congregation- alists, Princeton by £resbyterians, and Harvard by Unitarians, but no religious teaching is included in any of their curricula, religion being taught separately at the theological school or seminary attached to each of them. We should welcome the establishment of such institutions in Korea, as they conflict in no wise with the principle of the separation of education and religion.

SOLUTIONS OF THE PROBLEM I have received communications on the subject from many notable gentlemen, including Sir A. H. L. Fraser, Chairman of the European Section of the Edinburgh Continuation Committee, the Rev. Frank H. Paton, Foreign. Missions Secretary of the Presbyterian Church of Australia, the Rev. Dr. R. P. Mackay, Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in Canada, and the Rev. Dr. Arthur J. Brown, Chairman of the Foreign Missions Conference of North Amer- ica. It was the last named gentleman who first opened the discussion on the question, treating the subject in his judicious and sensible manner, and eventually finding an approximately satisfactory solution of the delicate problem. I trust that all of these gentlemen have now fully appreciated the actual state of things under which we have to carry out the difficult task of uplifting the Korean people.

At the same time I cannot help entertaining some misgiving whether all of them have clearly comprehended the motive of our educational policy, as I find among their communications on the subject such a statement as that "all we desire is liberty to carryon our evangelistic, literary. medical and educational work along the lines enjoyed by us in our own land and in any other free and civilized community." It will thus be seen that some of them entertain the thought that such liberty is denied to foreign missionaries in Korea. One indeed seems even to hold the view that, if the liberty to teach religion is denied to a school, there can be no religious liberty, and if religious teaching is excluded from schools, such schools might be regarded as lacking a moral foundation.

It does not require much arguing to prove the error of such a view. For, if it be tenable, it follows that there is neither religious liberty nor moral foundation in the public schools of the United States, where religious instruction is excluded. It might be contended that the United States Government does not interfere with private schools. But is not the very fact that religious teaching is excluded from public schools sufficient evidence to prove that such teaching is unnecessary, if not undesirable or harmful, in a general education? There is no reason that the same logic should not be applicable in the case of private schools. It must also be borne in mind that, being a very highly civilized country,

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the United States can afford to adopt the laisser fa ire policy towards pri- vate schools, but such a policy is too far advanced to be adopted in the administration of Korea.

At all events, the aim of the policy of the Government of Korea is to accord the fullest liberty of action to aU agencies of human advance- ment, whether religious, literary, scientific, medical or educational, on con- dition that none of them interfere, conflict or mix up with another. This condition is absolutely necessary in order to secure to each of them its free and perfect development.

REGULATIONS FOR RELIGIOUS PROPAGATION Now let me briefly deal with the Regulations for Religious Propagation. We were far from expecting that the Regulations would arouse even the slightest concern among the foreign missionaries. As a matter of fact, no restriction whatever is imposed by the Regulations on religious belief, but they simply provide certain rules for the ways and means of religious propagation. As I have already mentioned, there exist in Korea many sects and denominations of religions other than Christianity, while the Christian converts number only 350,000 out of a population of 15,- 000,000. Nothing, therefore, could be farther from the truth than to regard the Regulations, which are general in their character, as being aimed against Christian Missions.

Three articles of the Regulations, however, appear to have given rise to the apprehension of the missionaries. The first of these is Article 4, which runs as follows: "In case the Governor-General of Chosen considers improper the methods of religious propagation, the authority of religious superintendents, the methods of superintending propagation work, or the personnel of superintendents of propagation work, he may order changes in them."

N ow there have occurred not a few cases in which superintendents of propagation work belonging to sects of Shintoism or Buddhism have acted in such a way or (esorted to such methods as to make their work detrimental to good morals or public order, and these acts of theirs have often given rise to criminal prosecution. The Government must always be vigilant to safeguard innocent individuals against impostors who dare to make use of religion for the furtherance of their own selfish interests. The aim of the article in question is to control such people, so no decent Christian missionaries, duly appointed and dispatched by properly instituted mission boards, need fear it in any wise. It may be added here that among independent and self-appointed missionaries working in Korea, there are at least two persons in my knowledge who can scarcely be called missionaries, for their principal business appears to be dealing in real properties rather than in preaching the Gospel.

The second of the three articles of the Regulations, to which exception is evidently taken, is Article 6, which runs:

"In case the Governor-General considers it necessary he may order religious denominations or sects other than Shintoism or Buddhism to appoint superintendents of propagation work."

Should this article alone be taken into consideration, one might hastily jump to the conclusion that Christian denominations or sects are subject to more severe control than those of Shintoism or Buddhism. As a matter of fact, however, the very opposite is the case. Shintoism and Buddhism are required by virtue of other articles of the Regulations regularly to appoint superintendents of propagation work, and moreover are required to obtain the permission of the Governor-General thereanent. In the case of Christianity, the appointment of such superintendents is not required in principle except in case the Governor-General regard their appointment as necessary. Besides no permission of the Governor-General is required for such appointment as is the case with Shintoism or Buddhism. Under the circumstance, Christian missionaries should feel thankful for the favorable consideration shown towards their propagation work by this article, instead of feeling any anxiety on account of its insertion in the Regulations.

The third and last of the three articles referred to (Article 9) provides that those intending to establish churches, preaching houses and similar institutions for religious purposes, shall obtain permission of the Governor-General, stating necessary particulars. Some of the missionaries appear to consider this provision to be at variance with religious liberty. There can be no such conflict. In England, if I mistake not, a person must submit plans of an intended structure, dwelling or otherwise, to the urban authorities and get them approved. When one proposes to build his private house to live in, it may be contended that he should be left free as to the way of constructing it, for it has little concern with the public. On the other hand, in the case of a church or preaching house, the public is invited to attend it. The Government must see that it does not fall down or that kindred accidents do not occur causing bodily injury to the people assembled therein. The reader may laugh at this, picturing to himself the missionaries full of intelligence and well provided with funds, and moreover working under the constant superintendence of the mission boards concerned. But when one comes in contact with native religionists, both Korean and Japanese, and finds many of them sadly lacking in individual ability or in that organizing faculty needed for carrying on propagation work in a -proper manner, he will easily appreciate the necessity of enforcing regulations even more strict than those now under consideration.

A FEW HISTORICAL INCIDENTS Having explained, briefly but to the best of my ability, the causes that gave rise to misgivings as to the Government policy, I now refer to a few incidents connected with the history of Christian teaching in Korea in order to show the attitude of the administration in a better light.

LIBERTY IN KOREA

Dr. J. S. Gale, one of the most eminent pioneer missionaries in Korea, has furnished me with an interesting statement that the first Christian missionary to enter Korea came on the invitation of General Konishi of the Japanese army who invaded Korea in 1594. He was Gregorio de Cespedes, a Jesuit priest. While his work was to preach the faith primarily among the Japanese troops, he still did not neglect to teach those Koreans with whom he came in contact. This seems to be the first appearance of Christian teaching in Korea. From that time Roman Catholic missionaries gradually found their way into Korea, and, notwithstanding an edict promulgated for the prohibition of Christian teaching, their work continued to spread, until in 1866 the Korean Government undertook a great persecution of Korean converts with the purpose of stamping out Christianity. The Korean Government went the length of arresting Bishop Berneux and eight of his priests and beheading them on the bank of the Han River near Seoul. In 1879 two French priests were arrested and threatened with death, but were rescued by the Japanese Minister at Seoul and sent to Japan, where Christian propagation enjoyed complete freedom. It was in the same year that the present Bishop Mute! arrived in Korea. He had to work in secret till the opening; of Korea to international relations relieved him of all such necessity. In this connection it must be added that Japanese diplomatic representatives frequently endeavored to convice the Korean Government of the inadvisability, not to say the danger, of restricting religious freedom.

However, it was not until Japan undertook the protection of Korea that Christian churches and preaching houses were allowed to be established outside the limits of foreign settlements. N or until that time were missionaries permitted to live in the interior. Under the circumstances, all the buildings established outside the foreign settlements for the purpose of Christian preaching had to be held in the name of Koreans, while missionaries could only live in the interior as temporary sojourners. Soon after Prince Ito came to Seoul as Resident-General, however, the ownership by foreigners of churches and preaching places was acquiesced in under special arrangements and the permanent residence of missionaries in the interior was permitted. Since the annexation of Korea, the whole country has been opened to foreigners. Churches or preaching places may now be openly established anywhere and the capacity of missionaries as religionists is publicly recognized.

I mention these historical facts to show that the Japanese authorities have consistently adopted for many years past a very liberal policy towards Christianity, being always ready to encourage its propagation. They have no idea whatever of putting obstacles in the way of Christian missionaries in the legitimate pursuit of their work, and if any of them entertain misunderstanding or misgiving as to the policy of the Government towards their work, it will be seen froro what I have stated that it is entirely unwarranted.

GRANT UNDERWOOD, D. D., LL. D

Missionary to Korea, 1885 to 1916 With Dr. Underwood is seated Paik Saing 'Kyu, a Korean graduate of Brown University. He is the son of the wealthy President oC a Korean Bank and after his conversion to Christ, through the instrumentality of Dr. Underwood, became Professor of Economics in the Cbo~n Christian College in Seoul. A Sketch of His Life and Work for Korea BY MRS. HORACE G. UNDERWOOD, BROOKLYN, N. Y.

" He scarce had need to doff his pride or slough the dross of earth. E'en as he trod that day to God so walked he from his birth In simpleness and gentleness and honor and pure worth."

The Re'Verend Horace G. Underwood, D.D., LL.D., one of the pioneer missionaries to Korea, 'Was a man of such 'Varied gifts, and accomplished such marked results along so many di'Verse lines, that this sketch by Mrs. Under- 'Wood can louch bUI briefly on his life and the ser'Vice that he rendered to Christ in Korea.-EDITOR.

H ORACE GRANT UNDERWOOD was born in London, Eng- land, on July 19,1859, and at the age of twelve came to America with his father, who was a manufacturing chemist. He came of godly parents, his father being a remarkable man. It was in the village of Upper Durham, New Jersey, where the family made their home, that the young man first confessed Christ and united with the Reformed Church. He soon decided to enter the ministry and to become a missionary. After a preparatory course at Hasbrouck Institute, Jersey City, he entered New York University and after being graduated from there in 1881 he spent three years in the New Brunswick Theological Seminary. He was ordained .by the classis of the Reformed Church and immediately took charge of a small church in Pompton, New Jersey, where his services resulted in revivals and in greatly quickened missionary interest. When the elders of the church begged him not to urge his people to give so much money for missions, as they would not be able to pay his salary if he kept on, his characteristic reply was: "If such is the case I will gladly go without my salary." At the end of the period, however, the church had quadrupled its gifts to missions and had doubled the pastor's salary.

Mr. Underwood was planning to go to India, and commenced the study of medicine as an added equipment for that work_ The Collegiate Church of New York offered him $1,500.00 a year to act as their pastor, preaching only one sermon and conducting one prayer-meeting while he carried on his studies. But just then Korea was opened and its call came to him with such imperative force that he decided at once to secure an appointment to that field.

The Reformed (Dutch) Church, of which he was then a member, was not prepared to open a new mission in Korea, so that he went out under the Presbyterian Board in 18 84-the first Protestant evangelistic missionary to Korea. The wonderful development of the work in that hermit

peninsula is fairly well known. We shall try to tell something of the character and life of the pioneer missionary that sounds a bugle call to all believers, an "Excelsior" ringing from mountain heights, of devotion and consecration.

Among the outstanding traits of character in Horace Grant Under- wood was a great heart filled to overflowing with love to God and all humanity. From the very begin- ning of his career his personal charm won all classes and condi- tions of men, both at home and in Korea. This came from the love and good-will which flowed from him in a perennial stream toward everyone. The nobility were his friends, the poor were his brothers.

One of his first deeds of mercy on reaching his station in Korea was to nurse a strange European through a terrible case of black small-pox.

During two fearful epidemics of cholera, he gave himself almost con- tinually, often day and night, to the service of the poor loathsome victims of the plague, so that the coolies were heard saying, as he hurried through the streets at late hours and at a high rate of speed: "That is the Jesus man going to nurse the sick. He works all night and all day without rest because he loves us."

After the death of the Queen of Korea, when consternation and panic reigned in the Palace and a A KOREAN WOMAN band of enraged citizens attempted to force an entrance to release the King, Dr. Underwood, who was acting temporarily as interpreter to the American, English and Russian Legations, managed to carry mes- sages of comfort and food to the poor shaken ruler, who dared not touch the nourishment offered him by those who held him in durance. For months he went back and forth to the Palace as the comforter, adviser and brother of the King.

In itinerating trips among the little villages in the country he would go into the men's quarters, often crowded to suffocation, the air reeking with foul odors, and sit for hours chatting with the people like a brother, slipping right into their hearts, learning their difficulties, winning the

GRANT UNDERWOOD-MISSIONARY

recalcitrant and troublesome back to the right way, making peace between the quarrelsome, smoothing out rough places, and all with a joy as though it were the choicest pleasure of his life-as indeed it was. Nowhere did he so shine, or seem so happy as in close fellowship with these poor country Christians who loved him with touching devotion. This same love made itself felt among the European residents and the foreign community; even those whom others were inclined to avoid or condemn he loved, hoped for, and befriended.

No man with broad and far vision and strong individuality but meets opposition, sometimes severe and sharp, and Dr. Underwood was not an exception. But for those who hindered and blocked his carefully wrought plans, and again and again pulled to ruins his most cherished hopes, he never had a word of bitter censure, even in the bosom of his family. He grieved, it is true, but he never spoke of an opponent in any but a Christian spirit or in any way that could be recalled with pain, for his heart harbored no bitterness.

I cannot close this paragraph without quoting one of the testimonies recently written by one who had been a fellow worker in the same mission station for fifteen years: "His was a wonderfully sympathetic and generous heart; he was one of God's noblemen, so courteous and kindly, always so patient and gentle. I never heard him or heard of his saying a harsh thing A KOREAN STUDENT of another person. He never criticized or judged others or their motives. As I think back on the past fifteen years that I have known him, he stood out among all others as the most Christ-like person I have known."

Again, Dr. Underwood's intellectual gifts seemed wonderfully bestowed, as though purposely for the work he had chosen. He had an unusual adaptability for getting to the inner spirit of any language he wished to master, and was able not only to grasp it with a speaking knowledge but could comprehend it and make it entirely his own. This ability was combined with plain practical common sense, and a veritable genius for business details, and for organization, and with quick insight

and broad, far vision. He also possessed the gift of impassioned oratory which, as many in America can testify, often lifted people out of themselves with enthusiasm and won many missionaries and largs sums of money for the foreign field.

Horace Underwood possessed another power, that of long, close, intense concentration and application to literary work of the most exacting kind, as in Bible translation, to which he devoted much time, where the faintest shade of a change from the original may mean so much that the weight of responsibility is very heavy to the conscientious translator.

A third marked characteristic of the man was the physical indefatigability he continually displayed. On country trips it was no very uncommon thing for him to walk fifty miles in a day, for he disliked the slow jog of the little Korean ponies. After walking even many miles he would hold meetings, conferences and examinations, which frequently lasted up to twelve or one o'clock at night. Very likely he would then start on for another place before daylight next morning. This he would do repeatedly under the great pressure of the work.

In America, Dr. Underwood often spoke three times in a day for several days running, and frequently on Sundays even seven times, travelling at night. On more than one occasion he continued his speaking engagements at the risk of his life rather than go to bed or to the hospital for much-needed medical treatment. Those who travelled with him on these campaigns–Dr. Hall, Dr. Avison and Dr. A. Woodruff Halsey -can testify to this unwavering energy when there was work to be done.

Aside, however, from the gifts with which he was s:ndowed by N ature, were those by which the· Holy Spirit crowned and perfected the others. Perhaps the first of these was an absolute, unwavering faith, firm as a rock. He never knew the faintest hint of a doubt either as to the entire infallibility of the Scriptures or of any of the great verities of the Christian religion as taught by the Presbyterian standards. Having known him more intimately than anyone for over twenty-eight years, I have never seen the least sign of wavering in his steadfast trust and confidence in God, in His Word, and in the forward march of His Kingdom. Dr. Underwood's strong and constant reliance on prayer in all things seemed to strengthen with years. His hope was always clear and bright; his acquaintances on both sides of the world 3111 knew him as preeminently optimistic and happy, always believing and hoping the best for all people and all conditions. Never was he despondent, gloomy or fearful. His physician in the last illness remarked that he had never seen a patient so universally cheerful, happy and uncomplaining.

This Christian man's absolute consecration to his Master and his Master's cause awakened respect again and again. He was a man of broad sympathies and interests, and found real pleasure in the good things of the world which the Father gives us richly to enjoy, but never did he allow earthly advantage, pleasure or profit to stand for a moment in the way of his duty or the advancement of the Lord's work. Anything,

everything-health, family, friends, money, time or pleasure-were, without hesitation, brushed aside and pushed ihto the background to make way for that Cause to which he devoted his life.

, A year ago, while at the seashore for much-needed rest and even then suffering from the disease that resulted in his death, he spent the en- tire vacation working with Dr. Rey- nolds on the revision of the tentative translation of Isaiah. He finally returned home more wearied and ill than he had been in the beginning of the summer, and during the two years when, according to doctors'

urgent advice, he should have been in America taking treatment, he was laboring, toiling, pouring out his very life in strenuous efforts to establish the Pierson Memorial Union Bible Institute, the Union Christian Col- lege, pushing the interests of the Tract Society, the Y. M. C. A., the boys' and girls' academies, the vari- ous Mission institutions, the forty little country churches under his care, HORACE G. UNDERWOOD IN ,884 advancing the various branches of his literary work and endeavoring to establish the Missions in satisfac- tory relations with the Japanese Government.

Even during this period. when he was suffering such exhaustion from illness that he would generally come in white and almost fainting from his work, he taught classes and attended conferences and committee meet- ings, often far into the night.

DR. UNDERWOOD'S FIRST HOME AND CHURCH IN SEOUL

Like many other missionaries of ability, Dr. Underwood had numer- ous opportunities for financial gain, including offers of positions in Amer- ica which would have brought him an income of many thousands of dollars. From the Korean ruler, before the occupation by Japanese, came offers too great to mention publicly, if with the privileges of American citizenship he would undertake certain affairs for His Majesty. In early days, when Missions were said to be most out of favor with the Government, he was offered a free hand in the Government Schools, and in later years an offer came from the Court to make Presbyterianism the State religion, with the privilege of baptizing all officials from the King down. Upon all these things he, of course, turned his back without a moment's hesitation, for it was not that way that the Cross of Jesus led.

Greater, however, was the temptation that came to establish, independently of all Boards and Missions, the Union Christian College of Seoul, which lay so near his heart. This was one of the most cherished dreams of his life, toward which he was bending every effort and sapping the last of his strength. He encountered one obstacle after another, and unrelenting opposition from those who could not grasp his vision. Though this plan for an independent college would have seemed to make easy the fulfilment of his dreams, he rejected it as disloyal to his Mission and to the best interests of the cause of Christ. He believed that it should be established as a Union enterprise to be carried on in cooperation with the Mission. He died worn out by his efforts to bring the institution into being for the benefit of Korea; but he is working and hoping for it still.

Last winter, when his health was so broken that he should have been confined to the house, he went to Japan to study Japanese in deference to the wishes of the Government that all educationalists should familiarize themselves with their people, customs, language and laws. In spite of increasing weakness, he spent nine hours a day in study, using two teachers, attending meetings, churches and dinners; calling on officials, visiting institutions, using his influence and tact in arranging the affairs of the Korean Students' Church and Y. M. C. A. in Tokyo; working with so little mercy on himself that he returned to Seoul in April completely prostrated, and too late for change of climate or the best medical aid to bring a recovery. He had thus set an example to others and won love and favor for his chosen work and field. He had established firm friendships and carried the white Dove of Peace where suspicion and enmity had stirred, but it was at the tremendous price of his life.

His home in Korea, as everything else that was his, was always at the disposal of Koreans or of the missionaries, and was a rendezvous where frequently might be found missionaries, country Christians, voluntary workers, palace officials, magistrates from the country, princes and high nobles, college professors, schoolboys, or church committees. All thronged him so that often there seemed to be "no time so much as to eat." The basement study held the native copyists and writers. On the first floor

1916J HORACE GRANT UNDERWOOD-MISSIONARY

VIEW OF SEOUL, SHOWING DR. UNDERWOOD'S LATE RESIDENCE The Gift of his Brother, John T . Underwood was the business office, where two or three typists and secretaries tried to lighten the work of his correspondence and Mission business. On the second floor was a study, where, with the help of an American secretary, Mr. Underwood did his own private work. The parlor and dining-room, and sometimes the spare bedroom, were used for committees, two or three of which often overlapped.

But enough has been said, though not all, to illustrate his consecration of all he had to Christ. Merely in outline I have tried to show the salient points of the man's character. There remains only to recapitulate his chief ideals and some of the results accomplished by God through his life.

The great aims of his life were: The conversion of the Korean nation to Christ, the organic union of all evangelistic sects on the field, the establishment of self-support in the whole native church and general study of the Bible by all Korean Christians. But "Union" was his great ideal.

The three especial objects dear to his heart for some years before his translation, all of which were only a part of this desire for union, and tributary to it, were: The establishment of the Arthur T. Pierson Memorial Union Bible Institute; the founding of a seashore rest station, where many missionaries might gather in summer, and there come to see more eye to eye; and third, the Union Christian College of Seoul, where young men of all denominations might be fitly prepared for Christian leadership.

The first two he saw accomplished; the third, I believe, he will yet see from the other side, carrying on there the mission that his far vision grasped here.

Dr. Underwood's literary work was a large and important part of his service. He was Chairman of the Missions' Board of Bible Transla- tion for many years, and left also a translation of the Scofield Bible which Dr. Gale and he carried through together. In the earlier days of his work he prepared a hymn book, many of the hymns being his own transla- tions, and a grammar and pocket dictionary. He translated a large num- ber of tracts and edited a Korean religious weekly paper. This latter was very popular with heathen readers as well as Christians, especially farmers and country magistrates, and was growing rapidly into more and more favor when it passed from his hands.

For years he held a chair in the Presbyterian Theological Seminary of the Mission. Besides finding men and money for many of the institutions of the Mission (never confining his efforts to his own station or his own work), he had a very considerable share in the establishment of the Southern Presbyterian and Canadian Missions, the Tract Society, the Bible Society, was the chief mover in the beginning of the Y. M. C. A., and took a very important part in the division of territory which made comity among so many l1issions possible. Indeed, when the committees had come to a standstill, and it was feared that the whole matter must be dropped or postponed, his skill and tact found a way which all could accept.

In his early years he established the Boys' Orphanage in Seoul, which later hecame the Wells School, and he assisted Dr. H. N. Allen in hospital work, in addition to literary and evangelistic labors. In his last years he taught in the Bible Institute, the Men's annual classes and the Christian Union College. He always carried on active evangelistic work in city and country, and always had large districts, with forty or fifty churches under his care, which he visited personally once or twice a year and kept in close touch with by letters and helpers. He was, at different periods, a member of the Mission Executive Committee and Moderator of the Native General Assembly. That he should have been called away in the midst of his work seems mysterious, but probably the words of the Rev. Dr. Jowett will not be out of place in this connection: "I can scarcely use the word 'death' in relation to him, and feel inclined to withdraw it. It is just the promotion of a devoted servant of his Lord to higher, freer service. I cannot think that he is even withdrawn from the ministry of the Mission Field; I must believe that he will still serve it with larger vision and with inconceivably increased fruitfulness."

As we think of him we seem to vision him now with an innumerable company of angels, the general assembly and church of the First Born, which are written in Heaven, God the Judge of all, the spirits of just men made perfect, and Jesus the Mediator, from whom neither death nor life ~an separate His own.

BOYS' SCHOOL IN SEOUL STARTED BY HORACE G

Dr. Underwood's Service in Korea BY THE REV. ARTHUR J. BROWN, D.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, U. S. A.

WHEN Horace G. Underwood arrived in Korea, on April 5th, 1885, the only missionaries who had preceded him were Horace N. Allen, M.D., and Mrs. Allen. These pioneers had encoun- tered so much suspicion and opposition that they would have found it difficult to remain if the American Minister had not appointed Dr. Allen as physician to the Legation. In those early days foreign-built houses did not exist; sanitary conditions were indescribable; conveniences to which Americans are accustomed were unknown and mails were infrequent, so that the early missionaries were in a situation of peculiar loneliness, isola- tion and trial. .

But the young missionary began his work with resolution and an un- grudging willingness to endure hardness as a good soldier of Jesus Christ.

He was first in various ways. He was the first ordained missionary to Korea. He baptized the first convert in 1886. He opened the first school, also in 1886: "The Jesus Doctrine School," it was called. He or- ganized the first church in September, 1887. He administered the fi~st Sacrament of the Lord's Supper, in his own house, on Christmas Day of that year, only seven communicants being present. In the same year he made the first of those long itinerating tours into the interior, by which he and his successors spread the knowledge of the Gospel far and wide in Korea and which later resulted in groups· of believers in hundreds of towns and villages. He began the first literary work of Christian missions in Korea, and in 1889 published the first of the long list of volumes with which he and other missionaries have enriched the literature of missions.

He was also the first tp open the Scriptures in written form to the Ko.

reans, his translation of the Gospel by St. Mark in 1887 first making the Word of God accessible to the people.

For a long time the progress of the work was painfully slow, and it would have been discouraging to less resolute spirits. After ten years of indefatigable labor on the part of Dr. Underwood and the few missionaries of the Presbyterian and the Methodist Episcopal Board, who had joined the little band, there were only one hundred and forty-one Christians in the whole country.

The tide turned in 1895, when the missionaries in Pyeng Yang displayed such conspicuous fidelity, courage and devotion after the battle of Pyeng Yang in the China-Japan War, and the missionaries in Seoul manifested equally conspicuous courage and devotion in dealing with an epidemic of cholera.

From that time the work made rapid progress, until Korea has become one of the most extraordinarily fruitful of missionary fields. In all this development Dr. Underwood was a prominent and influential factor from the beginning. The variety and scope of his activities are indicated by the following list of positions that he held at various times: Teacher of Chemistry and Physics in the Royal Medical College, Chairman of the Union Board of Bible Translators, Treasurer of the Mission, Chairman of the Mission, Secretary of the Korean Religious Tract Society, Chairman of the Korean Educational Federation, President of the Korean Religious Tract Society, Professor of Theology in the Theological Seminary, Principal of the John D. Wells Training School for Christian Workers, and President of the Seoul Christian College. Many-sided as were his labors and faithful and efficient as he was in all, he rejoiced most in his evangelistic work. He preached the Gospel not only in the city of Seoul, where he resided, but also among the many villages of the adjacent region. A district of diocesan proportions was under his care, and he did in it the work of an apostle, holding meetings, baptizing converts, conducting Bible conferences, organizing groups and churches, ordaining elders, settling disputes and counselling leaders. He often walked upon these tours, slept in the wretched Korean huts or inns, and exposed himself freely to physical hardships from which many a man would have shrunk.

He was active, too, as a translator and author. He published an English-Korean Dictionary in 1889, a Korean Grammar in the same year; "The Call of Korea" in I908, "The Religions of Eastern Asia" in 1910, and "An Introduction to the Korean Spoken Language" in 1915.

He had extraordinary influence with high officials and members of the royal family, including the Emperor himself, who often consulted him, ~nd sent him a valuable pearl ring as a wedding present. When the Queen was assassinated in 1895,' the Emperor, fearing for his own life, turned to Dr. Underwood and two other Americans, and at the royal request they spent the night with him in his private chamber. Along toward morning the exhausted monarch nestled close to Dr. Underwood and dropped to sleep upon the missionary's shoulder: After the annexation

UNDERWOOD'S SERVICE IN

of Korea by the Japanese, the Japanese officials were for a time some- what suspicious of him in view of his known intimacy with the royal fam- ily and his sympathies with the frightened people; but they soon came to learn and to value the high quality and absolute trustworthiness of the man, and when he recently left Korea for the last time the authorities showed him marked honor.

Honors were showered upon this eminent missionary. On the field, he held at one time or another every office within the gift of his Mission and the Korean Church. A striking evidence of the high esteem in which he was held was given on the twenty-fifth anniversary of his wedding. On March 13th, 1889, he had married Miss Lillias S. Horton, who had gone to Korea as a medical missionary of the Presbyterian Board in 1888, and who became his inseparable and invaluable help-meet in all his subsequent life and work. On March 13th, 1914, nearly all the notable men and women of Korea's capital called to tender their congratulations-members of the consular corps, Japanese officials, Korean nobles, missionaries and Korean Christians of all communions, and faculties and student depu~ tations of schools, while the tables were loaded with presents.

In America, Dr. Underwood was one of the most popular and influential of missionaries. Whenever he was known to be on furlough, he was almost overwhelmed by invitations to speak. He was the chairman of the deputation of missionaries appointed by the Board to conduct the Korea propaganda in 1907. He labored with splendid zeal and success in awakening the Church to a realization of the urgent needs of Korea and in providing additional reenforcements and appropriations, and to him is due no small part of the credit for the success of that campaign.

It is hard to think that such a man has been taken from earth at the comparatively early age of fifty-seven, when his intellectual powers were at their height. Cables from the field expressed the grief of his fellowmissionaries and of the Koreans, for whom he had done so much and who gave him their love in unstinted measure. He manifestly walked with God before men, attempting great things for God and expecting and receiving them. He will live in the history of Christianity as one of the founders and builders of the Church in Korea.

Dr. Underwood was among the last of the pioneer. missionaries. Hardly any non-Christian land now remains to be opened. Very few missionaries are left of those who went to the great mission fields in the days of beginnings, and they are rapidly passing from sight. There were no foundations laid, no translations or apparatus of any kind prepared for them to make their work easier. They had to do ev'erything for themselves in circumstances of great difficulty. That they builded well the strength and proportions of the rising churches abundantly prove. It is for those who have come after them and who are called of God to carry on their work to show like faith and devotion, and to pray that a double portion of their spirit may rest upon us, to the end that the good work so well begun may be performed "until the day of Jesus Christ."

"Russlan _

~ tt~::r:.!~~~.t~t'·~.) ~ British I __ iFrcnch rtalian ~ Greek THE DISINTEGRATION OF TURKEY

Turkey of To-morrow

BY A MISSIO::-.JARY, RESIDENT FOR THIRTY YEARS IN TURKEY This remarkable forecast of the future of Turkey give.. the views of one most familiar with the situation. There is, of course, nothing settled except in the mind of God.-EDITOR.

N IGHTMARES do not last forever. This is providential; other- wise life would not be worth living. "Weeping may endure for a night, but joy cometh in the morning," is the divine consolation for us all.

Watching one's own house burn down is never a pleasant duty, particularly when the disaster is attended with loss of life. But there is some consolation in making plans for rebuilding, as well as real joy in attending to any sufferers and relieving their pain. The breakdown and break-up of the Turkish Empire has been predicted for many decades, but its actual occurrence is bringing no less anguish for that reason. Business has been killed in the process; the budding prosperity of the country has been nipped with frost; the development of the educational system has been retarded, and in the general stopping of all progress, Christian and missionary work has suffered terribly. In the awful toll of death caused by war and massacre, pestilence and persecution, more than a dozen missionaries, scores of Armenian pastors, preachers and teachers, and many thousands of native Christians have laid down their lives. Churches, schools and hospitals and whole stations have been closed and their beneficial work has been stopped.

It is, however, not of the catastrophe that we would speak now, but rather of its remedy; not of the past, but of the brighter future. No one with an unshaken faith in Him who said, "In the world ye shall have tribulation; but be of good cheer, I have overcome the world," can doubt that the clouds will break away, and "at evening time there shall be light." Such an overthrow of the world's civilization would bury our hope and faith in its avalanche, did we not believe that something better is to follow.

I. THE POLITICAL FUTURE OF TURKEY The Ottoman Empire has staked its very existence on the success of the Germanic Powers. While the outcome is yet in the balance, one thing at least seems absolutely certain-that politically we can never revert to the Ottoman Empire of yesterday. Whatever the result of this battle of the Titans, there must be a change in Turkey. If a deadlock should be declared, Turkey is too much in German control, and her finances are in too desperate a condition, to allow her to resume

absolute control over her own destinies. N either Russia, who now occupies some fifty thousand square miles of Ottoman territory, nor Germany, whose commercial and other interests have suffered greatly through Turkish incompetence, will consent to the rehabilitation of the Ottoman Empire on the basis of 1914.

. Aside from a possible deadlock, or stalemate, there appear to be two conceivable results of the world war-a victory of the Central Powers or a victory of the Entente Powers. Granted that the second Balkan 'Var showed the world the sickening possibility of a tertium quid-an entirely unexpected outcome. But unless the world has gone stark mad, every effort will be made to avoid another such disgrace.

If Germany is Pictorious Consider, then, first the political outlook for Turkey in case of a Teutonic victory. Turkey has been fighting Germany's battles for Germany; and Germany has been sending ammunition, men and officers to the aid of Turkey, not for Turkey's sake, but for her own. For decades Germany has actively proceeded on the assumption that Asia Minor, Mesopotamia and Syria were her "place in the sun." The visits of the Kaiser, especially the second in I 898, when he went to Damascus and Jerusalem and proclaimed himself the protector of "three hundred millions of Moslems," and the long series of commercial agreements connected with the construction of the Baghdad Railroad, illustrate the German plan of peaceful penetration. But behind the peacefulness there was preparedness. A writer in a Berlin paper of November 17, 1913, challenges France that if she wants Syria, she will have to fight for it. Germany, moreover, while insisting that her interests are purely commercial, has yet taken steps to safeguard those interests right over the head of the Turk. Following the Potsdam agreement of 19IO, an arrangement between Germany and Russia was signed at St. Petersburg in August of 191 I, as to the Persian and Baghdad Railroads, in which these two governments agreed to "facilitate international traffic on the Khanikin-Baghdad line," and the Russian Government agreed not to hinder the construction of the Baghdad Railroad. All this was done without so much as notifying the Ottoman Government of an arrangement concerning the construction and operation of roads within her territory. It may not be generally remembered that the Baghdad Railroad concession gave the Germans the right not only to construct the road, but to establish a steamboat service on the Tigris and Euphrates, as well as the exclusive mining privileges in a belt extending twenty kilometres on each side of the line; and it further promised a kilometric guarantee of 4,500 francs per kilometre per annum for running the road, from the Turkish Government.

Since the summer of 1914, when Germany bought the support of Turkey by donating the Goeben and Breslau, plus Admiral Suchan and several millions of pounds in gold, many things have happened to con-

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

vince the Germans that Teutonic interests would never be safe under Turkish governmental control. Financial matters were at such loose ends that Germany insisted on having a German appointed as "adviser" to the Ottoman Minister of Finance, and this functionary is practically in charge of that ministry.

The educational system was also proving a menace, till Germany compelled Turkey to accept Herr Schmidt as "adviser" to the Ministry of Public Instruction. For example, in September, I9I5, owing to the closing of the English, French and Italian schools, the enrolment at the German school in Constantinople (Pera) taxed the utmost capacity of their building. The school, therefore, leased a large building next door for the overflow. After it had been cleaned and made ready for occupation, and just as the Herr Professor was about to occupy it, a Turkish hodja marched in his hundred or so pupils and proclaimed squatter sovereignty; and all the influence of the German Ambassador was unable to oust him or restore the building!

Such incidents have been legion, and they have led the exasperated Germans to take over control into their own hands. The sanitary inspection for persons leaving Constantinople for Europe has been entirely removed from Turkish control, and practically every ministry in the cabinet now has a German "adviser" in control of its workings. The Germans have no idea whatever of relinquishing their control over Ottoman affairs; and should the fortunes of war favor their side, the Turkish Empire will, without doubt, become a German protectorate, with far less autonomy than Egypt has had under England. German commercial interests along the Baghdad line and elsewhere shall never again be jeopardized by Turkish misrule.

If the Allies 'Fin Then let us imagine the Entente Powers victorious; what terms will they dictate to Turkey? The Turk himself has often acknowledged that this would mean dismemberment. Probably there exists between England, France and Russia a very definite agreement a's to the white and dark meat, even to the wishbone of Constantinople. They have not made public the plan, but several things are certain. Sir Edward Grey has announced in public the consent of the British Government to Russia's taking the wishbone. Further, Russia has set about carving her way thither along the northern parts of Asia Minor. As far back as 1899, Mr. Zinovieff, the Russian Ambassador, secured from the Porte the famous Black Sea agreement, by which no concessions for railway construction should be granted in the Black Sea basin of Asia Minor except to Russians. The Great Bear evidently intends to place its paws on the whole of northern Anatolia, to connect Constantinople with Russia's Caucasian territories.

As for France, a treaty between Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent and Franois r., in 1535, is the beginning of the French protectorate

over the Christians in the Levant. This was confirmed by Sultan Mahmoud I., in 1740, and was reiterated on the other hand by Pope Leo XIII., in 1898. A similar protectorate over the Christians of Macedonia and Albania was secured to Austria by treaty in 1699 and 1718. France has, in fact, confined her area of operations practically to Syria and Palestine, where the growth of her educational interests is indicated by the fact that in the French Catholic University of St. Joseph and its Faculty of Medicine, in Beirut, there were, before the institution was closed by the Turks on the outbreak of war, a thousand pupils. Mr.

T. F. Farman said in the Contemporary for September last year, that the question of French Catholic missions in Syria "is highly political," and no mere religious sentiment. And it is true that in 186 I the French sent a military expedition to the Lebanon to end the war between Druses and Maronites. An able French writer in the Re'l.Jue H ebdomadaire for March, 1915, says: "No' logical denial and no economic quibble could be raised against the secular right of France to the protectorate not only of the Holy Land, but of the whole of Syria. Indeed, none is raised."

England's interests lie along the reaches between Egypt and India. She dreams of a protectorate over the whole of the peninsula of Arabia, where she now has the outposts of Aden, the Kuria Muria Islands and Bahrein, with the practical suzerainty over the Sheikh of Kuweit and the Sultan of Oman. As more Moslems are to-day under the British flag than under any other, it would not seem inappropriate if Great Britain exercised some sort of control over the sacred cities of Mecca and Medina. Furthermore, she has extensive economic interests in Mesopotamia, whose immense oil fields and coal deposits await development, where the Lynch Brothers have long had a steamship concession on the Tigris and the Shatt-el-Arab, and where the great Hindie Barrage, constructed by Sir 'Villiam 'Villcocks, has so worthily begun the modern irrigation system destined to restore to old Babylonia its former wealth and prosperity. In any division of Ottoman territory by the Entente Powers both Arabia and Mesopotamia would doubtless fall to Great Britain.

Italy has had her eye on the southwestern corner of Asia Minor ever since she seized the Dodecanese, or twelve islands off that shore, including Rhodes, Cos and Carpathos, during the !tala-Turkish war of 191 I. This strip of territory, embracing the fortress of Bodroum and the town of Adalia (Attalia), with an indefinite hinterland, possibly up to the Bourdour lakes, is wholly undeveloped, and may not prove of great commercial value; but the other nations are apparently as willing for Italy to have it as they were for her to rob Turkey of Tripoli in 1911, when they coolly stood by and watched that plundering expedition.

If nationality and the wishes of the population be consulted, then by all means the western shores of Asia Minor, from the Scamander

IN CONSTANTINOPLE-A FIRE COMPANY AND

Until recently these primitive hand-carried and hand-worked fire engines were the Turkish protection against conflagrations. They represent the unprogressive character of the Turk.

to the Meander, including Smyrna, should go to Greece. But Greece has not yet joined the Entente Powers, and if she does nothing to help them, she will have no claims in the event of an Entente victory.

There are two claimants already for the erection of small autonomous states, and the rights of each have strong advocates. The Armenians are expectant, for both Russia and England have unofficially hinted that they should be granted autonomy in the regions of Erzroum, Van and Bitlis, possibly extending so as to include Cilicia, or the territory of the ancient Lesser Armenia. If such an autonomous state should be created under the suzerainty of Russia, there would be extensive migration thither from various large Armenian colonies now found in other countries. And the half million of half-starved deported Armenian wretches now in the regions of Aleppo, Deir-el-Zor and Damascus would be glad enough to go back to their rejuvenated Halasdan.

The other scheme is for the restoration of Palestine to the Jews. If an autonomous Hebrew state, under French suzerainty, and with proper guarantees for the international protection and guardianship of the holy places at Jerusalem, should thus be established, there are at least 50,000 Jews in America who would return to the land of their dreams, to help their co-religionists from Russia, Roumania, Germany and Salonica to re-establish the racial home.

Sir Edwin Pears (Atlantic, July, 1915) has shown the serious menace to Russia, if she insists on possessing Constantinople, from the jealousies of the Balkan States; for Bulgaria and Greece both think they have claims to the city on the Bosphorus, while Roumania does not fancy having Russia on two sides of her, guarding the outlet of her only sea. Sir Edwin outlines in a few masterly strokes the better alternative in an internationaiized state, to include the shores of the Marmora and of both Dardanelles and Bosphorus, and governed by an international commission, somewhat on the lines of the Danube Commission that has for years worked successfully in relation to the navigation of that river. The essential condition in any settlement of the possession of Dardanelles and Bosphorus is that neither strait shall ever henceforth be fortified, but that they shall constitute forever an open highway for all nations.

2. THE COMMERCIAL FUTURE OF TURKEY For centuries Asia Minor was the granary of the Roman world, and its wheat is still of superior quality and sufficient in quantity for the whole Ottoman Empire. Over almost the whole of the great central plateau it is grown, and the irrigation works from Bey Shehir Lake, near Konia, are an indication of what may be done in the semi-arid regions. Much of Mesopotamia will also thus be reclaimed by irrigation works. The tobacco grown in large quantities in the regions of Samsoun and Kastemoni, in the Black Sea districts, has few equals and

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

no superior in quality. And Cilicia, especially the great Adana plain, is proving an excellent place for the cultivation of cotton, which seems destined to become one of the chief exports of the region. The figs and raisins of the Smyrna region are famous the world over, as are the dates of Damascus and Arabia. Among the less-known but valuable vegetable products of Asia Minor is licorice root, of which the American firm of MacAndrews and Forbes has practically the monopoly. Besides a very fine grade of opium is produced from the Anatolian poppy fields, this being the best in the world for the manufacture of morphine.

Turkey h~s been known as an agricultural and pastoral country, and has long been exporting hides, mohair and wool in large quantities, besides the agricultural products mentioned. But ,it is coming to be recognized that her greatest wealth, like that of China, is underground. Mining, once carried on extensively by the Greeks, has latterly become almost a lost art, owing to the lack of governmental enterprise. But vast deposits are known of copper, silver and coal, as well as considerable quantities of alum, chrome, boracite and other minerals. The meerschaum beds of Eski Shehir supply almost the entire amount of that mineral in the world. And the latest discovery-the oil wells of Mesopotamia-bids fair to prove the richest of all Turkey's commercial assets. Of course, all these mining interests depend for their development on modern machinery, modern methods and adequate means of transportation. Under the regis of any European power, and with a fair chance and decent protection to foreign enterprise, these industries ought to furnish employment for many thousands of the population.

Of manufactures, Turkey has had practically none, save in the line of rugs. This industry, as well as the making of embroideries and brass worj(, can be considerably developed; but the configuration of the country lends itself to still further manufacturing on a big scale. From the central plateau, which is from 2,000 to 6,000 feet high, there flow to the seas, north, west and south, numerous streams, all too swift for navigation, which offer unrivalled opportunities for the installation of electric and water-power plants. Why should not all the cotton, wool and mohair produced be converted on the spot into textile fabrics? Why not likewise with the hundreds and thousands of bales of silk that now go to France to be spun and woven? And with such wealth of useful metals, a variety of plants should spring into existence along the course of these great, swift streams.

The one thing that now stands in the way of such commercial expansion is the lack of highways and railroads. This, however, will be remedied when such companies as that backed some years ago by Rear-Admiral Chester, U. S. N., and his son are given a fair deal by a just government, unhampered by Russian and German "preferred rights." A complete network of railroads, supplemented by good wagon roads, will be a part of the Turkey of to-morrow.

3. THE EDUCATIONAL FUTURE OF TURKEY One great obstacle to the development of a system of public schools in the Ottoman Empire has been the language question. Turkish has been the official language, and the only one tolerated in Parliament; but the attempt to enforce its use in all the Moslem schools of the coun- try brought on the Albanian and Arab uprisings. Greek schools must be taught in the Greek language, Armenian schools in the Armenian, and Jewish schools in either German or Spanish, with a complete course in Hebrew. In American mission schools, the necessity of providing, in addition to the lessons in English, courses in Turkish, French, Ger- man, sometimes Arabic, and the vernacular of the pupils besides, over- loaded the language department of every curriculum. But it simply must be done; in such a mixed coun- try there is no avoiding it. And perhaps, if the territory is divided up, another language may be added to the list in place of eliminating any. Yet the problem of curriculum and languages is not the main diffi- culty. The great question is, how to provide for the increasing number who clamor for a good education.

Mission schools cannot turn out trained teachers fast enough to sup- ply the lower schools, nor have these institutions sufficient accommo- dations for the pupils who 'are eager to come. Last September, the rise in price of commodities made it necessary to raise the charges for board and tuition at Robert College A SPECIMEN OF TURKISH WRITING from $220 to $264; yet in spite of the stringent war conditions and the paralyzing of business, they actually had more in attendance than during the previous year. The year before the war, all American institutions were taxed to their utmost capacity.

There is a brilliant future in store for these schools. Constan- tinople College for Girls, the International College at Smyrna and Teachers' College at Sivas have all recently moved into ample new quar- ters; while Anatolia College at Marsovan, the Syrian Protestant College at Beirut, and Robert College have put up fine new additional buildings.

Van College waits to be born, and there will be another new college probably at Mardin. All these institutions are looking for unprece- dented growth as soon as "the turmoil and the fighting dies."

TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

With a statesmanlike grasp of the problems before them, the col- leges have begun a series of educational conferences, unfortunately suspended by the war, but which will be resumed as soon as circumstances make it possible. Questions of policy, of curriculum, of religious train- ing, of self-support and other topics are here considered, after prelim- inary investigation, and the results are conserved. How to strengthen the primary and lower secondary schools is one of their problems. Another is how to provide for vocational training in technical or post- graduate schools or otherwise. Such conferences will doubtless be ex- tended in their scope and variety and take in the corps of instruction in high schools as well as colleges. Summer schools for teachers of various sorts have been held and are widely appreciated.

But special attention must be given to providing adequate training for a very largely increased attendance at primary schools and kinder- gartens, especially among Turkish children. Turkish schools are pro- verbially far in the rear of others, and the kindergarten idea has only just begun to take root among them. From the start it has been enthusiastically welcomed, and a wide future is open for such as can take up this fascinating work. And the primary schools will be more crowded than ever when the children are brought in off the streets and put where they belong.

It is the conviction of the present writer that in the next few years the various peoples of Turkey will show an increasingly decided prefer- ence for the American educational system, and that there is therefore a brilliant future in prospect for our own institutions. If their boards of trustees are foresighted and farsighted they will begin without delay to make adequate provision for this, and set about increasing their facilities all along the line.

4. THE RELIGIOUS FUTURE OF TURKEY To provide an adequate background for the discussion of the . religious problem in Turkey it was necessary to give a somewhat dis- proportionate space to the political outlook. Anyone with the true mis- sionary spirit will, however, agree that the really vital question is, after all, religious. The future of those peoples depends not on their rela- tionship to this king or that, but on their allegiance to the King of kings.

Christ's messengers do not enter any country in the interests of any human government, but simply as ambassadors of the Divine Master. Whenever it has been otherwise, trouble has naturally arisen over the deception practised. The missionaries of the American Board in the Turkish Empire have for the past twenty years been a living illustration of the non-political nature of the enterprise, for they include both Ger- man and British subjects, as well as Americans; and they are working in closest connection with Dutch and Swiss representatives in the service of the Christ. This point cannot be too strongly emphasized.

The religious future of Turkey naturally grows out of its religious

present. Missionary work has been largely among Armenians, Syrians, Greeks and Jews, with a yearning outlook toward the Turks. The religious problem is indicated by the multiplicity of faiths prevalent and their mutual jealousies. Distinctions of language as well as of race complicate the problem. Even the Evangelical churches can hardly ·get together, for this is the land of Babel and there is no common tongue. The present fiery furnace will doubtless weld together those who feel the bonds of Christian love, but I fear it will fail to produce a common language for worship.

Looking at these various nationalities, we find that the war has affected all alike by sweeping the young men into the army and thus by the thousands to their death; it has impoverished all, through egregious war taxes and requisitioning, and has driven many thousands of all races to flee the country to avoid ruin. The established churches of every name are faced by depleted treasuries, but worse than that, by thinned membership rolls. Furthermore, when Turkey proclaimed the Holy War, or Jihad, she purposely sowed the seeds of hatred in the l10s1em heart against all Christians, although to safeguard her German allies she had to limit the operation of the Jihad in a most perplexing, non-l1oslem way. "This," says the simple logic of the Turk, "is a-Ia- Feranga Jihad," or holy war on the European plan. Still, there is an uncomfortable feeling in the breast of Greek and Syrian and American, as well as of Britisher, Italian, Russian and Armenian, that the Koran lies open at the passage, "Kill the unbelievers," and that the green banner has been unfurled.

RECONSTRUCTION AFTER THE WAR Vhat, then, about the future? How about the wreck of work for Armenians after the holocaust that has destroyed more than half a million of them, deported and impoverished more than half a million more, and forced another quarter million to flee the country? Can the churches ever be revived or the schools reopened? Yea, they SHALL. The Christian leaders of the country have not lost heart. Among the exiles, Armenian evangelical preachers are doing noble work. From Deir-el-Zor, from the deported ones, have come subscriptions for religious papers and requests for Christian literature. Missionaries have expressed the conviction that within five years the evangelical work among the Armenians will be more prosperous than ever before. If the Boxer massacres in China are a criterion, this may well be so. And certainly the relations of close friendship and grateful co-operation as between Gregorian Armenians, headed by their Patriarch, and the Protestant Armenians and the missionaries, are a hopeful indication. When many thousands have been faithful unto death, preferring a martyr's crown to a Moslem life, the people all see that faith and life are the essentials, rather than creeds and ceremonies. The ancient Armenian Church will come forth from this ordeal "tried as by fire."

16] THE TURKEY OF TO-MORROW

Most of the Christian work among Jews has for the past half century been carried on by English and Scotch missions. These were mostly stopped when Turkey declared war on England, but there is good reason to hope that they may all be reopened when peace returns. Meanwhile there is a new element in the Jewish situation. Ambassador Morgenthau both astonished and pleased his fellow-Hebrews when he openly and frequently praised in the highest terms the work of the missionaries. He took the part of the Christians as against Moslem persecution, and replied to the query of Turkish leaders as to why he did so, "It is true I am a Hebrew, but the United States is ninety-seven per cent Christian and three per cent Hebrew, and I represent that country. Therefore in my official capacity I am ninety-seven per cent Christian and three per cent Hebrew." Mr. Morgenthau represented not only the United States, but eight or nine other countries j andlisten-among these is Russia! It is probably the first time that Russian interests were ever entrusted by the Tsar's government to a Jew! Is there not, in this fact, a promise for the future of work for Jews, when a Hebrew in official position has said and done so much for Christians?

And how about the future of Christian work for Moslems in Turkey? Ah, there is the most brilliant golden lining to this cloud. For in the failure and downfall of this Turkish government, there will be removed the great barrier to free access by these poor benighted Turks to real Christianity. Already they had begun to show the attraction of the Gospel j already they composed a majority of the patients in Christian-distinctively Christian-hospitals j the number of Turkish and Moslem pupils in American mission schools and colleges was rapidly on the increase, and the sales of Bibles and portions to Moslems were phenomenal. Further, not a few came openly to Christian services j and missionaries (especially ladies) visiting Moslem villages and homes received an eager and hearty welcome, with often a special invitation to read the Gospel aloud to an interested group of listeners. Even during this Moslem Holy 'Var there have not been lacking Moslem young men who have inquired the way to salvation through Christ, and confessed their faith in Him as their Saviour. What a promise for the future! If all this can be true under the iron rule of a hostile Moslem fanaticism, who will place a limit to the possibilities of winning victories for Christ when this shall be taken out of the way!

The Turkey of to-morrow is indeed full of promise for God's kingdom. It is for this future that we have labored, with the oftrepeated prayer that the Lord would open the doors of brass. When these doors are throwh thus wide open, may the hosts of the Lord be ready to press in, with abundant supplies of the Bread of Life and the Water of Life for all these poor hungering and thirsting souls that have so long been imprisoned in the Castle of Giant Despair.

Denominational Administration of

What shall be done for Latin America and Alaska?

BY JOSEPH ERNEST M' AFEE, NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions T HE denominational system of missionary work is the product of a competitive age. That age has passed, or is passing. Already narrow sectarianism is universally condemned. Noone wishes to have "sectary" and "sect" applied to him .and his religious com- munion, however much the sectarian spirit may actually prevail. A sec- tary is one who creates or maintains division in the Church on doctrinal grounds. Sectaries are much less numerous than formerly; the denominational system is now generally justified by other considerations.

As the defense now runs, a denomination is a utility. The enter- prise to which the Church is committed is served by the denominational system more efficiently than it would be by its abolition. The denominational system is firmly established; to abolish it would be to ~ommit revolution and precipitate its many attendant evils, if not disaster. Furthermore, the denominational system is ideally worthy. If the ground were clean to-day and an ideal system were to be builded, it would doubtless best take a somewhat different form from that prevailing, yet, on the whole, the denominational system is scientifically sound. It recognizes and embodies the principle of the division of labor in the conduct of a great and complicated task. The army of the Lord requires company, regimental and brigade organization; the evangelical bodies correspond to these divisions, and are essential to the success of the campaign the Church is conducting.

This militaristic figure of speech is likely henceforth not to be so popular as it was, but while it is still in use one may fairly raise question as to how satisfactory a general, who is accustomed to win battles, would find the sort of army organization which the denominational system has supplied down to date. As a matter of fact, denominational divisions are based upon considerations which would drive the efficient militarist to despair. Militaristic analogies in defense of the Church are even more unhappy on scientific than on sentimental grounds.

The denominational system is a utility. It is to be valued according as it makes good. The enterprise of the Church, and especially its missionary enterprise, is a business. Not a sordid business, not a commercial proposition, not in any sense a selfish grab. But to succeed it must be made a business, and an efficiently conducted business. Is the denominational system serving these purposes, or is it capable of efficiently serving them? .

FINANCIAL AND SPIRITUAL WASTEFULNESS Complaints of the economic wastefulness of duplicating and com- peting denominational agencies are common enough. But the other- worldliness of the Church is often thought successfully to counter upon these. Money, and the saving of expense, are not final considerations of a worthy church. Is the course right? What will best conserve spir- itual values? These are far more important questions with the Church than: What will cost the least money?

Let financial considerations remain secondary, therefore, or ter- tiary, or let them not enter at all. Yet is the missionary enterprise a great business which sets out to achieve certain ends and must employ means reasonably designed to accomplish them? The spiritual blight of the denominational system is now clearly its most serious embarrass- ment. To an otherworldly church the wasteful use of the coin of the earthly realm might be reckoned of slight consequence, but spiritual values must be reckoned. The misdirection of vital and spiritual energies is the most disconcerting result of the administrative methods which the denominations force the missionary enterprise to maintain.

All applaud the desire of evangelical Christians in China to come together in a genuine spiritual fellowship. The American mission boards doing work in China encourage the movement, and their supporting constituencies in America increase their contributions to show their favor. But how substantially can words be supported by deeds so long as the administrative system requires pouring into China missionaries appointed by twenty different agencies, trained under twenty different systems, selected under the tests of twenty different sets of ideals for missionary service? To be sure, in these latter days, these boards, at least certain representatives of them, assemble occasionally to talk over common concerns and reach more or less binding gentlemen's agreements by way of standardizing their administration. But how serious, magnified to its largest significance, must be esteemed such procedure in the face of the stupendous spiritual responsibility which has been deliberately assumed by the American churches in China? Representatives of these several boards come together once a year, oftener in the case of subcommittees, and deliberate upon their problems in a purely advisory capacity. Then each representative returns to his board headquarters to run the gauntlet of the ignorance and indifference of the fifteen or forty or one hundred persons who constitute his board, and to carry through against this inert weight the simple measures of efficient standardization which he and his colleagues in conference have wrought out. One or two or half a dozen fail and the whole fabric sags or falls in collapse. And this makes no reckoning of the more appalling ignorance and indifference of the officiary of the ecclesiastical bodies which finally control the boards.

In brief, the spiritual interests of China and of Japan and of India

are not the prime consideration in the present system of missionary administration. Not even, in the final analysis, are the spiritual interests of the supporting sections of America consulted. But the determining influences are the convictions or foibles, as the case might have been, of the Roundheads of Cromwell's regime, of the Anabaptists in England and on the European continent ten generations ago, of the fervid religious contagion generated in England by the Wesleys, long dead and gone, of the provincial Scottish clans of no-one-reckons-how-many-generations-past. For, all of our principal denominations gained their caste from a European inheritance, and in fabricating none of them has the sole or determining consideration been the spiritual interests of the American people on American soil. The present denominational system is holding back and doing mischief to the home missionary enterprise even more signally than it embarrasses the foreign.

DENOMINATIONALISM AND EFFICIENCY The denominational system seems ·inevitably and permanently to condemn the missionary enterprise to relatively ill-trained and inefficient workers on the field. The highest standards of efficiency cannot be attained, no matter how conscientiously the present system is tinkered. About the council table of a denominational board this is what transpires: A letter is produced from Candidate A's physician to the effect that A must not undertake to live in the climate of equatorial Africa. This disarranges the schedule agreed upon. Some one suggests that Mr. A might properly be sent to Korea. But Mr. B is assigned to that field. Well, send Mr. B to Persia, where somebody must go. But what shall be done with Mr. C, who is designed for that field? There is that opening in China, where some one simply must go. But Mr. D was to go there. Why not send Mr..D to the opening in Africa? That's it! N ow the problem is solved-and everyone is greatly relieved. This is not pure fancy; it is substantial fact. Such shuffling of candidates is not uncommon, and, so long as twenty boards are conducting missions in twenty countries, and the missions of a given country are supported and directed by twenty separate boards, it is difficult to see how that system can be redeemed from its essential comedies and tragedies.

Two or three generations of young people have been encouraged to train themselves for missionary service under the pledge that they will go anywhere and do anything as the providence of God shall direct. This providence of God almost inevitably expresses itself through the decisions of a denominational mission board. The exigencies of its administration compel waiting almost to the last moment to determine to which country, and often to what phase of work, the candidate shall be assigned. Of course, only medically trained workers can be assigned to medical stations. Of late years special pedagogical training is insisted upon for certain positions, but not every educational post is manned by a trained educator, even now. The candidates are not blame-

DENOMINATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF MISSIONS 92

worthy. They are trained and enlisted under this system. It is a mark of peculiar devotion to the cause that the candidate is willing to go anywhere in the world and do anything to which he is assigned. The demands of his position tend to give the candidate-secretary of a mission board a prejudice against the applicant who insists that his field shall be such and such a country and his task be assigned in such and such a department of the service. The candidate..secretary has a very difficult task making an unclassified group of candidates go around among mission stations in ten or twenty different countries. It simplifies his game if all the men on his chess board are pawns or can be made to play the part-rather, can be made to adjust themselves to the sudden moves of pawns, knights, bishops, castles, kings and queens without discrimination.

REGIONAL MISSION BOARDS What does the American mission in China need? Manifestly a China Board in America, or an Asia Board with a China department, through which the evangelical missionary work supported by American churches shall be cleared. Not an indifferently attended China committee, representing numerous denominational boards independently conducting China missions. All over the mission field the administration should be organized and conducted in a manner to put the interests of the country served first, and compel the settling of all other questions in the light of this primary consideration. It is a grave injustice to the young people of our American churches to compel or even to encourage them to wait until they are about to sail for their fields of service before it is determined what country and what branch of the work shall claim them.· Of course such workers must fall far below normal standards of efficiency. The choice ought to be made before the training is taken. To say the least, there is as much cultural value in the study of a language which one proposes to use in after life as in one which he will never have occasion to use. College and university courses designed for missionaries could be made, in language study and in a score of other ways, to contribute practically to the efficiency of the missionary candidate. Great regional boards here in America could afford to standardize training for their several mission fields, and maintain the equipment which would guarantee a force of workers whose training had qualified them under high standards. Such a program is impossible under a system which locates final administrative authority in a score of separate denominational boards whose very genius estops them from getting together effectively, however eager to do so the distraught officers of such boards may be.

This review of familiar facts is not intended as a general nor an exhaustive discussion of the problem of missionary administration. Scarcely any reference has been made to the even more serious hampering of administrative efficiency in conducting home mssion work. Events

are demonstrating quite as clearly that in home missions national boards covering distinct national tasks must soon take the place of the denominational boards, just as it is demonstrated that regional boards must supersede the denominational boards in the foreign mission. That discussion is a larger task and demands far more space than there is here.

A LATIN-AMERICAN BOARD Two great regions are calling with a new insistence for real statesmanship in the organization and conduct of American missionary work. They are Latin America and Alaska. Now is the time to face the issue here raised. How futile wiU be a program for Latin America which must depend upon picked-up advisory committees to formulate, and rally forty different denominational boards to support, a comprehensive policy in Christian education, a similar policy in the creation and distribution of Spanish and Portuguese evangelical literature, a distribution of the common forces over the whole region so as to economize and render efficient in the highest degree each element and the whole I The task is sufficiently great and complicated under a unified administration of the available resources, but how impossible is success and how inept must be the attempt so long as the present denominational confusion continues, anyone who has even slightly studied the problem must see. Under the present system more can be done than is now done; present methods can be tinkered and relieved of certain of their worst shortcomings. But as for a statesmanlike projection of a program to compass the whole task-who can hope for it under the present system?

What is to hinder the denominational boards themselves initiating a central board of missions for Latin America, supported for the next three or five years by the combined budgets of the denominational boards now conducting work in Latin America, their resources merged into one fund and administered with plenary administrative power by the central board? After a short period of years this board could find its place in the missionary economy and an immediate nexus between it and the contributing constituency could be established. Does anyone doubt that such a move would be approved and heartily supported by the contributing constituency as a whole? Immense resources not now touched and which never will be touched under the present system could be speedily developed. Does anyone doubt that the workers on the field and the workers to be enlisted would welcome such an organization of the enterprise? Try them, and see. They care a deal less for denominational distinctions than do their supporting agencies, and, where there has been the opportunity to cultivate it, a deeper fellowship has often been developed between workers of different denominational groups than prevails between those workers and others in their own group. A few of the present workers, who, for reasons usually not discreditable to them, are unfit for their mission, might need to be discontinued, but the value of the proposed system would commend itself by the very [act

DENOMINATIONAL ADMINISTRATION OF MISSIONS 93

that it would thus reveal an unfitness in some workers of which the pres- ent system takes no cognizance. . But how far is such a tendency to be carried? Are we soon to have a new board of missions for every country on the globe where the Amer- ican churches are supporting missionary work? Even if that were the issue, it is a question whether it would not be a more rational and on the whole a more efficient program than that under which missions are now conducted. But such would not be the result. A board of missions for Latin America would embrace a large enough territory and a suffi- ciently diversified group of activities to justify separate organization, however the missions in other sections of the world might be grouped. It would necessarily embrace several more or less distinct departments, but all would be related to one another and a unified and consistent pol- icy would run through the work of all. Another American Board of Asia Missions and still another of Africa Missions would be rational and feasible, each with departmental organization. Nor would there be too many in the field if other regions were placed under the supervision of smaller boards organically related or unrelated to the larger. Extend such divisions to the utmost which the party least inclined to centralization might insist upon, and an order would still prevail which would make the present denominational system look like the chaos which it really is.

How, then, would the churches discriminate in their giving? Now they give lump sums to "the Lord" or "tp.e cause" or "missions." How would they decide which board to send their money to? A more wholesome event could scarcely happen than to compel all the churches to know why and for what they contribute their gifts. Giving money "to the Lord" and sending it carelessly to a denominational board is not the sort of piety which will best propagate Christianity. Denominational "loyalty" is now buttressing much inefficiency in the use of missionary funds. Missionary administration should be put upon its merits, and no consideration should outweigh the appeal of a need actually being met. One of the most serious indictments against denominational administration is that it breeds or at least permits unintelligent giving. Furthermore, giving to "the cause" or to "missions" usually expresses itself in nickels and dimes. Large giving is even now generally for a purpose, and the larger the giving the more definite the purpose, as a rule.

Where would such a movement eventually land the denominational mission boards? Their usefulness ended, they would naturally disappear or their functions would be so altered as radically to transform them. Is that fact to be permitted to weigh finally either with the boards themselves or with their contributing churches? If the Fulfiller shall increase and complete His mission, shall not the Forerunner count it a worthy mission to decrease? Above all, could the propagation of the gospel of Jesus Christ be worthily undertaken in any other spirit?

Those who base their denominational allegiance upon sectarian,

that is, upon doctrinal considerations, will stand aghast before such a program. Are the churches thus to play fast and loose with the everlasting truths bequeathed to them from the generations past, and which it is their primary object of existence to perpetuate in their purity? Shall my denomination commit to an unregulated central agency the propagation of that body of truth which my own communion finds sufficiently difficult in preserving free from heresy with all of its zeal against error? This attitude is, of course, final. It unqualifiedly disallows any such proposal as is made here. The hope of carrying out the proposed plan lies in the fact that sectaries grow fewer and fewer every year, and their influence less and less dominates the missionary policy of the churches.

ALASKA'S CLAMANT APPEAL The final appeal is for Alaska. If the way seems open for the application of this new principle of administration in Latin America, the appeal for Alaska is clamant. A situation more favorable could hardly have been devised under design. A new country; to be rapidly opened to settlement; the religious field fallow; the ground now occupied by only a few of the denominations; some of them not as yet represented at all; a great rush of commercial, industrial and general social development impending. To say that the hardy people who are already settled in Alaska, or who will settle there, desire the perpetuation of the denominational system of the States is to libel them out of hand. Now that experience in so many fields has opened the eyes of the churches. what possible excuse can there be for importing the ecclesiastical confusion which blights the spiritual life of so many communities east and west? If the denominational boards commit such a folly, or if the contributing churches permit their resources to be so employed, how shall American evangelical Christianity hold up its head before God or man? Such a folly is inevitable, or is at least certain, if something is not speedily done to supplant the present system of propaganda in Alaska under separate denominational boards. Sentiments of good-fellowship and protests of unwillingness to encroach upon the rights and responsibilities of sister religious bodies may be bandied back and forth never so zealously, the old program of duplication and confusion will continue in operation so long as the religious propaganda is left to separate denominational agencies.

The other day, in a mushroom town of Alaska, a Disciples and a Presbyterian minister met unexpectedly. Each was prospecting in the interests of his denomination. Neither had ever seen or heard of the other. Being sensible men, and having already caught something of the spirit of Alaska, they promptly pooled their interests, jointly purchased a lot under favorable conditions then offered in the new town, and signed an agreement that the property should become the possession of that denomination which it should later appear had the better

WE SEND TOO MANY MISSIONARIES?

right to the field. What sensible fellows! And what a blundering system supports them! They declined to commit a folly which the program of their mission boards deliberately put them up to. Why had not their boards forestalled the waste and embarrassment of such a situation? The denominational boards, perpetuated as denominational agencies, will never eliminate such follies from their system. They cannot do so. Conscientious representatives will do their utmost to reduce them to the minimum, but the worst-and the best-of them are inherent in the system, and are compelled by the very genius of the denominational program in missionary propaganda.

There is much capital made of the reduction of waste and overlapping in missionary work in these latter days. The story is prompted far more by the yearning desire of missionary administrators to see it done than by substantial achievements. The achievements desired by the contributors to missions, and by the multitude who could be induced to contribute far more largely than now under a different system, can never be guaranteed by the present order. It is inherently defective. It fails to put the interests of the field first. It is builded to import to distant parts forms rather than the realities of Christian truth. In this sense the system is self-centered, and seeks for selfish ends to propagate the gospel of self-sacrifice. In the whole range of Christian missions this system must eventually be displaced, but in the meantime here are Latin America and Alaska. They are immediate, and their needs call aloud right now. The Church may perhaps muddle along elsewhere for a considerable time to come, but here are two great tasks where practical measures are at once imperative.

Do We Send Too Many Missionaries?

A CONSIDERATION OF THE DE!VIAND AND SUPPLY IN FOREIGN MISSIONS BY REV. J. C. ROBBINS, BOSTON, MASS.

Foreign Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society T HERE are less than 25,000 Protestant foreign missionaries in the world, counting every man and woman engaged in any depart- ment of the work. This at first may seem a large number, but upon a careful survey of the extent of the field, and of the work yet to be done, we recognize the inadequacy of this force to occupy the field and to evangelize the non-Christian world. Compare this force of 25,000 Christian men and women in foreign mission service with the 25,000,000 men in the armies of Europe, and we must acknowledge that the Christian Church has not yet taken seriously the work of world evangelization.

The United States and Canada are represented by a force of 10,000 men and women missionaries, who are preaching, teaching and healing in foreign lands. But compare with this the army of a quarter of a million men that Canada raised and equipped in a few months for ser- vice in Europe.

In 190 I the United States Government sent to the eight million peo- ple of the Philippine Islands 800 American teachers, 400 of whom sailed on one ship. Last year the Protestant churches of the United States and Canada sent only 668 missionaries to carry the Christian message of light and love to all the ten hundred million people of the non- Christian world.

The demand for more missionaries is unprecedented in urgency, and the appeals from the .missionaries themselves now on the fields for reenforcements is insistent. In 19 13 a committee, appointed by the Federated Missions in Japan and the federation of churches to survey the field, reported that "there will be required in the near future 474 added missionaries in order adequately to occupy evangelistic fields in Japan. This means a little more than double the present evangelistic force, and will provide approximately one such missionary to 60,000 of the population." In response to this carefully prepared and con- servative appeal from the Japan missionaries, there have been sent to Japan in the two years, 19 14 and 19 I 5, only fifty-five new missionaries.

The missionaries actually on the foreign field, representing twenty of the larger boards of the United States and Canada, after a careful survey of their own fields, have called for an immediate reenforcement of 1,223 missionaries. These same boards sent to the field this year only 315 men and women to meet this call!

In China, with over 400,000,000 population, there are 262 foreign men physicians, 79 foreign women physicians, and I 15 trained Chinese physicians. In the city of Boston, with its 700,000 population, there are 2,000 registered physicians. In other words, in Boston there is one physician to every 350 of the population, while in China there is only one scientifically trained physici.an to 877,000 people.

In the light of these comparisons, and in view of the added respon- sibility placed upon American Christians by the present European war, it is very clear that if a knowledge of God, as revealed in Jesus Christ, is to be made kno~n to the non-Christian peoples, who include more than one-half the population of the world, the Christian churches of North America, and especially of the United States, must grapple in a much larger way with the foreign missionary task. The situation calls for larger and more comprehensive plans, more generous gifts of money, .and a greatly increased offering of men and women from our colleges, theological seminaries and medical schools. The unparalleled sacrifice now being made in Europe and Canada, the sufferings and need of the world, call upon American Christians to enter at this time more largely into the sacrificial life of our Lord.

Proportionate Giving*

BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK THE progress made in the last ten or of giving has doubled or quadrupled as fifteen years in the acceptance of compared with what it was ten or fif- teen years ago. What is given reprebetter methods of giving throughout the sents a smaller proportion of what could Christian Church has been a progress far be given now than it represented ten or. in excess of the hopes of many of those fifteen or forty or seventy-five years who have been most active in this cam- ago. Still further is the possibility of paign. About sixty per cent of all danger latent in the very hopefulness of Presbyterian churches of twenty-five our present situation. We may satisfy members or over have already adopted the churches with the adoption of a in some form the new and better plan of partial program and their satisfaction giving. may make them unwilling to adopt the other elements of the program. After It is a further ground of encourage- all, systematic giving is only methodical ment that there has been such a great giving. It does not follow that it is advance in the amount of giving as an righteous giving-adequate giving. We inevitable result of this wider adoption might lead ourselves into an injurious situation if all that we are accomplishof good plans. The gifts of the churches ing now should make habitual with the in their church offerings as well as Church an inadequate performance of through every other channel of benevo- her duty. It seems to me that the lence have advanced immensely in the Church stands face to face with a very last fifteen years, and while in this, as in dangerous situation in this regard, and every such movement, many causes enter that we are bound to take it upon us in, it cannot be denied that the work now to re-examine here our undertaking that is being done in this particular di- and to see whether we are actually leadrection has contributed perhaps as large- ing the churches to adopt those elements ly as any other cause to this increa..~e. of a program which are the most vital and fundamental ones. And now is the Further occasions of thanksgiving and time for us to do this because it is a gratitude might easily be added to these, fact that the introduction of one new but there are some things that need to radical idea makes it easier to introduce be set down on the other side of the also other ideas, when the mind of the account, and which as honest and sin- Church is jarred open and she begins cere men we are anxious to deal with. to adopt plans of action that come closer to the ideal. For one thing, the increase of gifts has been woefully inadequate, and, The question that has troubled a measured against the possibilities and great many men throughout the Church opportunities of to-day, it is a question with regard to our present movement is, whether we are in a much better posi- how we can combine with the general tion than ten or fifteen years ago. The acceptance of the method of systematic advance that has been made has been giving the acceptance also of a living utterly inadequate. Secondly, it is not principle of proportionate giving. For, only open to question, probably it is in- after all, system is only a matter of disputable, that the increased giving has method, not essentially a matter of prinnot kept pace with our increased ability ciple. What we wish to introduce is to give. Doubtless with many here in some living and uplifting principle. We this room to-day there has been no increased ability to give, but when we look at the Church as a whole and at the country as a whole, the possibility * This paper is published by special request. It is a stenographic report of an address de- livered at the Presbyterian Church Officers' Conference, Princeton, N.]., September 25, 1916.

believe that this can only be found in gest just a few of these practical moral the acceptance of the Christian principle considerations on which it rests. of stewardship; of giving not only on a methodical basis but on a basis of just First of all, the Gospel ought to lead proportion. But in this, as in every- and enable men to do more than pagans thing, general principles do not suffi- and Jews. The Jew in the old disciently bite. The principle needs to pensation was expected to bring his carry with itself some form of applica- tithe in addition to his taxes and his tion by which it can be easily related various offerings. The generosity of at cnce to action on the part of common many pagans equals the old Jewish Christian men and women. standards. We do not need. to enter into the motives that led them to give. Let us lay aside at the outset all legal The mere fact is that many of the nonideas. There is no such thing as the Christian people like the Jews have law of the tithe. There is a principle given much more than tithes. Now our of the tithe. Let us dismiss from our Lord said unequivocally that principles minds once and for all every legalistic were to be judged by their results; that and statutory idea in the kingdom of modes and motives of action cannot God. The wrong of committing mur- claim the allegiance of man because of der does not consist in the fact that the any beauty of their expression. By their ten commandments forbid it. The ten fruits they were to be tested. Unless commandments forbid it because it is the motives of the Gospel are able to wrong. Right and wrong lie on funda- lead men to give more generously than mental foundations beneath statutes. the Jews and pagans gave, then the mo- They are right and wrong not because tives of the Gospel must be inferior to God says so, but because of God's char- Judaism and paganism. acter. This matter of tithe giving we are not to think of as a symbol of legal Secondly, the Jew and the pagan Judaism. Its claim upon us rests upon faced no less difficulties in the way of moral considerations that would have practicing a principle like this than we made tithe giving the duty of man even face. We face no greater difficulties if the Jewish law had not been enacted. than they faced. As a matter of fact Revelation does not create moral ideas; they did face greater difficulties than we. it only expresses moral ideals that lie in The Jew was a poor man and lived in the will of God. If the principle of a poor land. He had no such currency the tithe is to be operative in the present passing through his hands as passes day accordingly it must be operative be- through ours. He gave of his orchards cause of the broad moral considerations and fields or he set aside one-tenth of that underlie it, which, as a matter of his soil that its produce might be refact, made the principle of tithe giving garded as' not his own but God's. If operative long before it was ever ex- these men then and these men now out pressed in any of the legal enactments in those darkened lands will override of the Old Testament legislation. We this difficulty and, in spite of poverty read in the Epistle to the Hebrews that and limitation, will do this, it is not the principle was held to have existed asking or expecting too much that Chrisin life long before the legislation came tian men should do so. The charges into being. Just so the observance of that are laid upon us to be borne are the Sabbath Day does not rest for us trivial compared with the charges laid upon the fourth commandment; it upon the Jews in the olden day. would be just as valid and real to us to-day if we had never had any deca- Thirdly, we need some practical abidlogue at all. The life principle and ing principle like this to make sure that privilege of the tithe is a working scheme the principle of stewardship is a reality of proportionate giving by which we in our lives and that we do not inwardly can make the principle of stewardship find ourselves swept into self-deception. actual and living. I should like to sug- It is the easiest thing in the world for a man who does not deal with God in the matter of obligation as he does with

16] PROPORTIONATE GIVING

his fellows to find that he has not been how perilous it is, how constantly giving God his due. I will just ask through the New Testament the warnany man who is here in this room this ings are given. As Ruskin says in morning who has adopted the minimum "Time and Tide": principle of the tithe if he did not discover that in the old days he was out- "First, have you observed that all rageously robbing God. Just exactly as Christ's main teachings by direct order, we need the Sabbath for some such pur- by earnest parable, and by His own perpose as this to make sure of the recog- manent emotion, regard the use and nition of all time as sacred to the Lord misuse of money? We might have of Life, just so do we need the recog- thought, if we had been asked what a nition of our tithe obligation to God in divine teacher was most likely to teach, the matter of our wealth. that He would have left inferior per- sons to give directions about money; and In the fourth place, God never would Himself spoken only concerning faith and love, and the discipline of the pashave ordered it if it had heen a mere sions, and the guilt of the crimes of soul against soul. But not so. He transitory matter; if it had not been for speaks in general terms of these. But our good. He does not need tithes for He does not speak parables about them himself. All ten tenths of our wealth for all men's memory, nor permit Him- He can take away if He pleases. The self fierce indignation against them, in principle of tithe giving is needed by all men's sight. The Pharisees bring man. He made it clear not as some- Him an adultress. He writes her forthing for that time only, but as some- giveness on the dust of which He had thing for all time. M,an's moral con- formed her. Another despised of all for stitution has not altered. The fact that known sin, He recognized as a giver of it was good for man three thousand unknown love. But He acknowledges years ago is an evidence that it is good no love in buyers and sellers in His for man still. Our moral nature is the house. One should have thought there same across the lands and, across the were people in that house twenty times centuries, and the old principle was not worse than they; Caiaphas and his like a principle that belonged to a particular -false priests, false prayer-makers, false epoch; it was a principle that lay deep leaders of the people-who needed putin human nature. That is why Mr. ting to silence, or to flight, with darkest Ruskin speaks as he does in the "Seven wrath. But the scourge is only against Lamps of Architecture": traffickers and thieves. The two most intense of all the parables; the two "And let us not now lose sight of which lead the rest in love and in terror this broad and unabrogated principle- (this of the Prodigal, and of Dives) I might say incapable of being abrogated relate, both of them, to the management so long as men shall receive earthly gifts of riches. The practical order given to from God. Of all that they have His the only seeker of advice, of whom it is tithe must be rendered to Him, or in so recorded that Christ 'loved him,' is far and in so much He is forgotten; of briefly about his property. 'Sell that the skill and of the treasure, of the strength and of the mind, of the time thou hast.' " and of the toil offering must be made So it was throughout all our Lord's reverently; and if there be any difference between the Levitical and the teaching. He realized that some of the Christian offering, it is that the latter sources of deepest peril to man in one may be just so much the wider in its sense lay in money, In order to escape range as it is typical in its meaning, as that peril, we need the protecting grasp it is thankful instead of sacrificial." of some great and secure principle. Who does not know how serious this Fifthly, money is the most perilous need is ? We can think of friend after thing with which we have to cope, next friend who in these last years has had to the baser, sensual nature. It is one wealth piled in upon him, and we have of the most dangerous forces with which we have to deal. Money-we all know

seen the spiritual atrophy, unless he that instinct did not account for the clung to some simple principle of action change of the Lord's Day from the like this to hold him secure. seventh to the first day of the week. We are often hard put to give our In the sixth place, vur Lvrd himself Scriptural grounds for the change. If recognized and approved the validity of you rest it on any legalistic grounds, the the principle of the tithe. He said to Old Testament principle is clear-the the Scribes and Pharisees : "You give seventh day. Why did the Christians tithes, and this you ought to have done." swing around to the first? First, the So many times now do we say that the memories of the resurrection; second, Old Testament laws are abrogated in there was the feeling, "Perhaps I may Christ. The types and shadows were not have the seventh day this week. I fulfilled and terminated in Christ, but will make sure that God has His day bethe moral law was not terminated in fore anybody else. The first I will give Christ. N one of these moral ideals did to Him." And through the years the Christ abrogate. He reinforced and Christian conscience has insisted that it sanctioned everyone of them, and poured must be so. The same instinct will upon each one of them the burden of a govern our hearts, if we allow it, in greater obligation. He explicitly en- regard to our wealth, which is only time dorsed the tithe. "You give tithes, and and strength embodied in a transportthis you ought to have done." able asset.

Seventhly, there is no objection that Ninth, it is only so that the causes holds against the principle of the tithe of Christ in the world will get what that does not hold also against the prin- they need. They never will get it by ciple of the Sabbath day. Both rest on any mere system, never by any hapthe same ground of Old Testament hazard method, by allowing every man sanction, New Testament recognition, to whittle out his own principle; it will moral claim and adaptation. And, if only be when the whole Church genthe Sabbath had fallen into neglect as erously yields itself to some corporate the tithe has done, the same arguments principle that bears a definite relation would be raised against its revival which to all its life. The general adoption of are raised against the tithe. And the the principle of the tithe throughout the gains of Sabbath keeping are the gains Church would pour into all the treasof tithe giving, too. I leave it to every uries of the agencies of the Church and one of you if the scrupulous recogni tion the great philanthropies and movements of the Sabbath Day does not pour a of charity and good will all that they holiness over a man's conception of would need for the work that must be trusteeship in regard to all his time. . • . done, and we shall not be likely to ac- Every argument for keeping the Sabbath complish it in any but this simple, fun- Day holy upholds the principle of the damental ethical way. tithe. Tenth. I think every man will find, Eighth, it is the only sure way of as every man who has passed through giving God his right share. If we say the experience can testify, that the acwith regard to every other obligation, ceptance of a principle like this marks "Now I will scrupulously regard that a distinct era of spiritual enlargement what I owe to every other creditor I in his life. It carries him forward and will certainly pay," and then take the leads him out into a wider expanse. view that for the Lord of All we will The whole thought of God's love and pick up the crumbs that are left at the presence and human duty becomes more end, the chance is that He will get less vivid. I am not speaking here out of than His right in what we have to give the air. I am speaking out of the exand spend. The only sure way of se- perience of many in this room who look curing to the uses of God in the exten- back to such a time as marking the besion of His kingdom what it needs is to ginning of a new era in their lives. set aside carefully for Him the first tenth. I wonder sometimes whether In the eleventh place, it rna}' bring

PROPORTIONATE GIVING

the great religious expansion and awak- have a right to take all the money that ening for which we long. comes to me and before I do anything whatever with any of it to set aside a "Bring ye the whole tithe into the tenth for the Lord. What a joy that storehouse, that there may be food in brings into life, that we may simply act My house, and prove Me now herewith, as banker for God with reference to saith the Lord of hosts, if I will not this, to spend for His work. Mr. open you the windows of heaven, and Gladstone wrote of this to.a son who pour you out a blessing, that there shall was then in residence at Oxford U ni- not be room enough to receive it." versity, in which he suggested eight rules, the observance of which would be I suppose we have many times stum- conducive to the highest interests of his bled at Horace Bushnell's word on this son's life, literary and moral and spir- subject and wondered whether for once itual. Among the suggestions was the one of the greatest spiritual voices of his following on the use of money: time had not missed the true note when he said: "One more revival, only one "In regard to money-there is a mor.e is needed, the revival of Christian great advantage in its methodical use. stewardship, the consecration of the Especially is it wise to dedicate a cermoney power to God. When that re- tain portion of our means to purposes of vival comes, the Kingdom of God will charity and religion, and this is more come in a day." But may this not be easily begun in youth than in after life. true? Mr. Gladstone even went so far The greatest advantage of making a as to say: "I believe that the diffusion little fund of this kind is that when we of the principle and practice of system- are asked to give, competition is not beatic beneficence will prove the moral tween self on the one hand and any specific of our age." charity on the other, but between the different purposes of religion and char- Lastly, I believe in this principle be- ity with one another, among which we cause, regardless of anything that will ought to make the most careful choice. flow from it, it is fundamentally right. It is desirable that the tenth of our I t does not matter what effect it may means be dedicated to God, and it tends have on our lives, whether it pinches or to bring a blessing on the rest. No one cramps. We believe in it because we can tell the richness of the blessings that think it is right. I liked a letter that come to those who thus honor the Lord appeared in the Sunday School Times with their substance." a few years ago. A number of letters had been published telling of the pros- This practice delivers one from the perity which had followed the adoption worry of debating every separate appeal of tithe-giving. One man wrote that that comes, and it makes him a free and he had an utterly contrary experience glad trustee. from the rest, and told a long story of the struggle that he had undergone, I can remember still the very hour growing harder and harder ever since he that all this first pressed on me i~ I892 had adopted that principle. Shortly in the old First Church at Auburn. after there was a letter from Canada Horace Pitkin, who was then a student which said that what the last man in the theological seminary, who later wrote, who had done it because it was died as one of the martyrs in the Boxer right in spite of the hardship it brought, tempest in China, read a paper on prohad touched the writer as no experience portionate giving and the principle of of prosperity had done and he also had the tithe. I never had seen this truth begun what clearly seemed to him now until that morning, and it burst on me the thing to. do because and only because as dear as sunlight that this was the it was right. right, the privilege and the duty of Let me lay the emphasis lastly on the Christians. And if only the Christian rich privilege of being justified in giv- Church would come to it, my friends, ing at least a tenth of our income. I what could we not do?

American Board at

T HE one hundred and seventh annual meeting of the Americar. Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was one of the most inspiring that body has ever held. Among those present were the officers, one hundred corporate members and nearly seventy-five missionaries, active or retired, who represented all fields of the Board's work except Ceylon, Bohemia, the Philippines and Spain.

A high note was struck at the very first session in the inspiring an- nual reports of the treasurer and the Home Secretary. The total receipts were the largest in the history of the Board, $1,207,226, showing an increase in gifts from both churches and individuals, women's societies and legacies. Yet it was pointedly stated that, even so, the average gift per member of the Congregational churches was only $ I .08, and should be greatly increased.

Two outstanding features marked the Toledo meeting. One was the unusual prominence naturally given to the situation in Turkey. Nearly forty missionaries from that country were present, and eleven of these spoke from the platform.

The other feature of the meeting was the call that came for the Board to enter South America. The Committee on Co-operation in Latin America of the Panama Congress has officially invited the American Board to join the agencies already in the field of South America. Several possible fields for work, all now utterly neglected, were outlined. After a full discussion, a committee of five was appointed to make further investigation and present definite recommendations to the next meeting of the Board looking toward this new move. It is understood that the question is largely one of the best use of the funds at the Board's disposal.

The officers of the Board were all re-elected. The new recording secretaries, Dr. Oscar E. Maurer and Dr. Edward W. Capen, were in service at this meeting for the first time. From time to time the American Board Quartet deepened the spiritual tone of the sessions with helpful songs.

The next meeting of the American Board is to be held in Los Angeles, California, in connection with the meeting of the Congregational National Council, in June, 19 17.

"Being armed is a condition of evil, if a nation has no character."- President Edward C. AIoore) D.D.

"To say that China is waking up does not begin to express it: she is pacing the floor with growing-pains."-Rev. YJ7. B. Stelle.

"I have a lot of leaning toward robbers; they do things, and are not afraid. The Indian Government asks the American Board to take over the robber caste-7S,000 of them. I'd rather have them than 500,000 of some other castes."-Secretary Barton.

"All the world is ripening for a new gospel in terms of spiritualized economics."-Dean Edward I. Bosworth.

THOUGHTS

MXS SliONAlRY ADDRESSES PREPARED BY REV. FRANCIS PALMER, TRENTON, NEW JERSEY Four Outlines for lUidweek Services. Third Week.

First Week "AMERICA'S POSITION IN THE WORLD "THE WORLD CALL" CONQUEST"

I. Conditions Favo;-able to the Spread I. Strategic Location. of Christianity. 2. Qualities of Character Needed.

An Accessible World-A Plastic Mechanical Genius – PubLic World-A Changing World. SchooL-Home Missionary.

2. Multiplying Agencies of the King- Home of World Movements. dom. 3. Resources.

Missionary Societies – National Mineral Resources-WeaLth-Ag- and Local. riculturaL Products.

The Missionary Army-Preach- 4. Vision and Spiritual Enterprise. ers, Teachers, Medical Agencies. Fourth Week. Missionary Money. "THE INDIVIDUAL'S RESPONSE TO THE 3. Signs of W orId Victories. Progress of Centuries. WORLD ApPEAL" Social Reconstruction. The Native Church. r. A Program of Education-Widen- ing the Horizon. Second Week. 2. A Program of Finance-Chris- "THE CHALLENGE OF A GREAT TASK" tian Principles of Stewardship.

I. The WorId as a Whole-The 3. A Program of Service-Giving Unity of the Race. Self, Time, Talents.

2. Fields Closed to Missionary E!l- 4. A Program of Prayer-The En- terprise. ergizing Power of Prayer.

Tibet – NepaL – Bhutan – Af- A SERMON OUTLINE * ghanistan. The Church's Cha:t·ter 3. Fields Open but Unoccupied. Mongolia – Manchuria – Cen- The importance of a charter to every tral Asia. organization as the instrument of its rights and the guarantee of its existence. 4. Fields Hopefully Occupied. A charter might be defined as "A legal The Americas – North, CentraL enactment by competent authority defin- and South. ing the purpose and privilege of the or- Asia-The Near East-Far East. ganization, imposing responsibilities, and Africa – Pagan, Mohammedan, incapable of being set aside by a lesser Christian. authority."

* Based on "The Call of the World," by Matt. xxviii. 18-20, is such a charter.

W. E. Doughty. This little book furnishes I. A Legal Enactment by the Risen "facts, big facts, human facts, related Christ-the Son of God, Supreme facts." Its four chapters lend themselves Authority. to a series of midweek missionary services. d. Romans i. 4, Matt. xxviii. 18-19. Assign sub-topics to qualified laymen. Fur- d. England's Magna Charta, signed nish each with a copy of "The Call of the by King John, delivered to the Barons World." The result will be an enthusiastic of England at Runnymede, the basis layman and a vitalized prayer meeting.- of Anglo-Saxon constitutional liberty. F. P. * Theme suggested by Dr. W m. Hiram Foulkes.

2. A Definition of Privilege and Re-w·.portation. During the summer of 1916 sponsibility. ,the means of succoring them were lack- (I) A World Task – Jerusalem,. ,ing and the way to their relief seemed Judea, Samaria, uttermost part totally barred. There have been many of the earth (Acts i. 8). signs of late that Turkey was relenting (2) The Task Threefold. and that the Powers who blocked the (a) Evangelization (Mark xvi. way to getting supplies into the war area 15), giving each person an have revised their implacable policy. . . .

adequate opportunity to "Gifts of the American nation will be know and receive Christ. able to do for the war sufferers in Tur- (d. Means of spreading key what they have done for the Bel- knowledge touring, gians. There may be reasons why the preaching, etc.) United States should not and could not (b) Naturalization of Chris- hope to solve the problems of Europe by tianity (Matt. xxviii. 19, entering the war. But there is no reason R. V.)-permanent plant- why the nation that is profiting most ing of Christian churches from Europe's misfortune should not and Christian institutions. make a supreme humanitarian effort to (d. The process of natu- save the Armenian nation, the Syrian ralizing a foreigner: (I ) Christians, and the Palestinian Jews.

oath of allegiance, (2) as- This relief effort will also be directed similation of speech and in the interest of the Moslem population.

ideals of American institu- The cradle of our civilization and the tions. Christianity is natu- birthland of the three great monotheistic ralized when the native religions call out to the New World.

church reaches self-support The response of the American people is and self-government.) the only hope of salvation."

(c) Christianization (Matt. xxviii. 2o)-the application Illustrations and Thoughts of principles to the total life Give, give, be always giving. of the individual and com- Who gives not is not living. munity. The more you give, the more you live. 3. An Act Incapable of Being Set Aside Give strength, give thought, give deeds, By human authority. By personal unconcern. give pelf, By widespread indifference. Give love, give tears and give thyself; By disbelief in missions, etc. Give, give, be always giving. Who gives not is not living. IMPRESSIVE FACTS The more you give, the more you live.

AJHerien'.. W …..-Gain.. and Reliei'-GUts The Power of the Word Herbert Adams Gibbons, the war cor- The city of Wanhsien four years ago respondent of the Philadelphia Evening was a notorious place for anti-foreign Telegraph, wrote recently from Paris: feeling. The people would not have a copy of the Gospel as a free gift. But "It was gratifying to read that Presi- last year, from January to April, my dent Wilson had set aside October 21st fellow-workers and I sold 16,000 Gosand 22d as days for a national contribu- pels on the streets of that city. We sent tion to the great work of relieving the out in the last year 69,000 Bibles, New Armenians and Syrians of Asiatic Tur- Testaments and Scripture portions. They key. . . . It is altogether probable that had begun to read it and hunger for the among the world sufferers in the twen- Gospel spread rapidly. That is the tieth century none need help to so great power of the Word of God.-T. Daran extent-and need it more urgently- lington, Wanhsie-n, China. than these victims of massacre and de- "AFTER A THOUSAND DIFFERENT THOUGHTS, NOW ONE FIXED PURPOSE."

Hebrew- Chri~dian Witness smaller towns for Bible conferences

evangelistic services. If the way is A MERICA is the land of refuge for opened other workers will follow. Hebrews. Here they find physical, social, mental, religious and financial This is a movement for Hebrew freedom and enlarged opportunities. Christian evangelism by united forces, Why should they not also find spiritual with a view to blessing Jew and Genlife and liberty? This would doubtless tile and the Church of God. result if Christians would exhibit toward them the spirit of Christ as eagerly as What the Jews Need they manifest a desire for financial profit. REV. H. L. HELLYER, a Hebrew A vision of better things is suggested by a conference of Hebrew Christians, Christian engaged in work for his held last August at Port Dalhousie, people in Philadelphia, recently declared Canada. There were present: Rev. S. B. that nothing is more needed in work among the Jews of America than an in- Rohold of Toronto, Rev. J. 1. Lands- telligent presentation of the love of mann of England, Dr. A. R. Kuldell at Christ. Since landing in America the Jews have seen and experienced a Chris- Baltimore, Rev. H. L. Hellyer of Phila- tianity different from that which they delphia, and Rev. Max J. Reich of used to see in such countries as Russia, Morrisville, Pa. These men organized Galicia, and Roumania. Thousands of an association called "The Hebrew them are prepared to re-examine the Christian Witness to Israel in North claims of Jesus' Messiahship, and His America." The object of the organiza- lordship over the lives of men. What is tion is to awaken greater interest in the needed is to enlighten the Jew upon the evangelization of Israel and to bear more contents of the Gospel message. At least effective Christian testimony to this race. ninety-eight per cent of the Jews in It is proposed to open a headquarte;'c, America have never looked into a New from which qualified men shall go forth Testament. They have no idea what from time to time, as the way opens, the Gospel teaches. The New Testatwo by two, to reach Gentile Christians ment is never found in their homes, is in their churches and to present the forbidden in their synagogues and schools, truth of Christ to the Jews in each and is condemned as a book utterly unlocality. A committee of reference, com- worthy to be read or studied as a means posed of well-known Christians, is to be of moral uplift. formed, and also competent agents are to be appointed to superintend the busi- Tile Episcopal Convention, St. Louis ness part of the work, so that those engaged in the public testimony may not A NOTABLE gathering of bishops be in any way involved in collecting and laymen assembled for the Genfunds for the support of the work. eral Convention of the Protestant Epis- copal Church at St. Louis in October. The temporary office is in the Chris- The treasurer of the Board of Missions tian Synagogue, 165 Elizabeth Street, reported special receipts from the "One Toronto, Ontario. The Rev. S. B. Day's Income" to be over $110,000. Rohold is secretary pro tern. The officers of the Board were re-elected, but later Secretary Burleson was made The movement is full of promise and Bishop of South Dakota. may accomplish great things if Christians will join in the undertaking. The One of the most striking resolutions object is to unite forces and talents of adopted by the House of Deputies is Hebrew Christians for a more effective for the benefit of converts from Judaevangelism among Jews and Gentiles. ism and was as follows: A beginning is to be made first by two Hebrew Christians going out into

"Resolved, That this House reaffirms cationallyand religiously, that the friends its declaration of Christian liberty to of the society have urged and made it Hebrew converts as set forth in its full possible for its presentation in other reports of 1907 and 1910, assuring our cities. Jewish brethren that they are free to observe the national rites and ceremonies In completing its first century of work of Israel when they accept Christ, ac- the society reiterates the following aims: cording to the clear teaching of the New Circulate and grant Scriptures without Testament and the practice of Christ racial or denominational discrimination and the apostles; and we further urge throughout the United States and Latin upon the whole Church to take up ear- America in the Western Hemisphere, nestly, with sympathy and affection, the and in six great fields of the Eastern work of winning the ancient people of Hemisphere; continue the great work of God to the Kingdom and obedience of translating the Scriptures into languages Jesus Christ." which have them not; take the Bible to the poor, the ignorant, the untaught; to The Woman's Auxiliary made itself strangers, immigrants, prisoners; respond responsible for raising $50,000 for the to unique openings in old fields, e. g., new St. Agnes' School at Kyoto, Japan. China and Mexico, the Philippines, the When Bishop Brent appealed for $30,- Cristobal Bible House; respond to un- 000 for an industrial high school in the usual temporary needs and present in- Philippines, $26,000 was pledged within ternational conditions, e. g., the soldiers fifty minutes. At a mass meeting in the on both sides of the Mexican border and interest of St. Luke's International Hos- the soldiers in Europe. pital, Tokyo, Japan, $32,000 was pledged toward the $96,000 necessary to The 'l'roops and Clean I~iving complete the sum required. During the days of the convention practically $roo,- I N connection with the Y. M. C. A. 000 was given and promised for special work among the troops on the Mexineeds. No previous General Convention can border, thousands of men have has had such a record of generosity. signed this pledge: American Bible Society Centennial "I take this step pledging my alle- giance to my highest manhood, my home I N celebration of the centennial of the and to society, to lead a clean life and American Bible Society, great official to help others to do so." and union meetings, with notable speakers, have been held all over the United Members of the secretarial staff speak States and in many foreign lands dur- most enthusiastically of the Clean Living ing the past year. Thousands of cele- Campaign conducted by H. L. Heinzbrations by churches, Sunday schools, man and Dr. M. J. Exner. The results auxiliaries, colleges and seminaries have are regarded as remarkably good in the aroused interest in the great work: of influence which has been exerted among the society in providing and circulating the men. the Scriptures. Scores of Church synods, conferences and associations have given A sergeant in the hospital corps replace to this great event in their official ported that prior to a meeting addressed programs, and the Society urges the ob- by Mr. Heinzman, out of sixty men in servance of December loth as Universal the corps an average of eight daily ap- Bible Sunday. plied for treatment for venereal diseases. In the week following the meeting the A pageant, "The Bible Among the number had dwindled to one. Nations," consisting of fifteen tableaux, showing from its earliest history the Choir Singer a Mormon Missionary translation, printing and distribution of the Bible, was first given at Washing- MRS. LULU LOVELAND SHEPton by the leading churches of that city ARD recently spoke in a Methand was such a great success, both edu- odist church in Philadelphia and told of the 5,000 young men and women who are busy as missionaries for the Mormon church. "They go out with neither

FROM MANY LANDS

purse nor scrip," she said, "and find little decree is the climax of a campaign waged difficulty in being cared for as they go by the newspaper EI Universal, which along." Then she startled her hearers attracted wide attention throughout the by saying; "Do you Methodists know republic. In the decree General Carthat one of these Mormon missionaries ranza says that the Government is under at work in Philadelphia is supported by obligation to stamp out customs which a Methodist church? This young wom- are .opposed to culture and to aid civilan has a fine voice, and a large Meth- ization by elevating the moral level of odist church in Philadelphia pays her a the citizens. Bull fights are denounced salary as a choir singer. So she supports as needlessly endangering the lives of herself by singing Methodist hymns on men, torturing beasts, provoking san- Sunday and is free to travel from door guinary sentiments and disgracing the to door through the week, proselyting country. The "First Chief" adds that for the Mormon church." bull fighting causes misery to the poor, who, for a moment's enjoyment, go Noteworthy Indian Resolutions without the necessities of life to witness the degrading exhibition. THE resolutions adopted by the Young Men's Christian Association National The penalty for infringement of the Indian Student Conference at Estes decree is a fine of $1,(XX) to $5,000, im- Park, Colorado, demonstrate the extent of Indian development. These Indians prisonment of two to six months, or both. of the new generation believe that the day has arrived when every student of A Dl"'af Mute PrPRt"IIe-r in Cuba, their race who has completed the full course of study prescribed by the Fed- T HE Eastern Cuba Baptist Conveneral Indian Bureau for Indian schools tion is noted for the spirit of evanshould be deemed fully competent to handle his own affairs, should receive gelism. Perhaps the most striking full rights of citizenship and be thrown feature of the last meeting, held at Vicon his own resources entirely. The toria las Tunas, was the preaching of a moral responsibilities of guardianship of deaf mute, a native Cuban, a layman in their own people these students consid- one of the Cuban mission churches. As ered in resolutions against the use of soon as this deaf mute reached the Condrugs; and also the practices "which pre- vention town he inquired if there were vail among some of our Indian people any deaf mutes in the place, and being of participating in shows, dances and told of one, at once sought out the man other pagan practices for the amusement and began preaching the gospel of salof white people, thus humiliating our vation to him. The result was that the race and destroying its standards." man gave his heart to the Saviour. This These resolutions further look toward a deaf mute layman is not only a devoted termination of the Government ward- church member, but is constantly preachship of the Indians and their complete ing to the deaf mutes in his own town, merging in the general population of the and to all who understand his sign lancountry. Among other subjects of con- guage he makes known the faith that gratulation these students include the fills his soul with joy. Superintendent full liberty of individual choice in re- Howells says this is not an exceptional ligion, which has been made prominent case, but that this man is an example of under the present national administra- the evangelistic spirit that is prevalent tion. among the Cuban Christians. The Gos- pel means so much to them that they cannot keep still about it.

LA'rIN AMERICA Rival Sunday Schools in Argentina Bull Fighting in ~Iexico HE largest Spanish-speaking church T in Buenos Aires had, until a few GENERAL CARRANZA- signed a months ago, only about 140 pupils in decree on October 9th prohibiting the Sunday school. Then Rev. George bull fighting throughout Mexico. The

P. Howard, South American Secretary ceipts, $1,345,180, showed an increase of for the World's Sunday School Associa- $11,500. tion, was asked to take the situation in hand, and as a result they "all caught London Mi….ion to Chinese Sailors the Sunday school vision and the attendance increased to 256." By their efforts A CHINESE Christian student in the children are also stirring up other London is carrying on a mission for schools. Chinese sailors in the East End. He says: "One of the largest schools in Montevideo has set out to become a model "I preach the Gospel to Chinese seaschool. They have put in a complete men every Sunday. The power of the graded course, kindergarten department, Holy Spirit has touched many hearts and three teacher-training classes, etc. They the number of men who have received have been doing wonders, but as soon the salvation of God has gone up to as they heard about our school in this eighty. When they go away they take rival city, they held a council of war, a Bible with them. They write and tell sent a letter of congratulation to the me how they are enjoying themselves on superintendent, and made up their minds board. They sing songs to the praise of that they would not let their brethren God and tell their fellow workers of across the River Plate beat them. The their discovery and possession of the days are all too short for the accomplish- 'pearl of great price.' Although they ing of all that needs to be done." may occasionally meet with persecutions, yet they stand fast joyfully in their un- EUROPE shakable faith in God.

TBibles by the iUnUons "The men come to learn English and HE British and Foreign Bible Society Chinese on week days. They are very reports remarkable activity. From keen to study. In all this work I receive Berlin several hundred thousand books invaluable help from the Salvation Army for German and Austrian troops, and people, who are always kind to our counfor Russian, French and British pris- trymen. The work was commenced two oners of war, have been distributed. years ago. Since then it has borne re- About 1,300,000 volumes were circu- markable fruits." lated in the Central European area. At one internment camp in France, German For the Relief of JeW's officers collected fourteen francs to send to the society by way of thanks for THE Russian Jews' Relief Fund Com- Testaments presented to them. Over mittee, established in England, has half a million volumes have been presented to military hospitals in England been instrumental during the first year and Wales alone. In the first twenty in raising over $135,000 for the relief of months of the war four and a half mil- suffering Russian and Polish Jews in the lion volumes were distributed. China Eastern war zone. took 2,371,000 volumes and India and Ceylon 1,088,000, while the English The distribution of the funds has been issue was 2,700,ooo-just double that of undertaken by a committee in Petrograd, two years ago. Ten new languages- presided over by Baron Gilnzburg, which eight of them in Africa-have been add- is officially recognized by the Russian ed to the society's list of versions, making Government. This committee has set a total of 497 languages in which the up over 150 centres where the need is Bible, in whole or in part, is published. greatest, and the whole work is, there- Last year's total issue of volumes reached fore, under efficient supervision. the unprecedented figure of 1I,059,617. The society's expenditure, $1,275,480, The estimated cost per refugee is two was, by severe economies, $65,550 below or three roubles per month. For helping that of the previous year, while the re- refugees along their route of travel, thirty train divisions were specially or- ganized. There were opened 12 hos- pitals and isolation shelters, 45 ambu- lances, 122 feeding centres, and 40 shel- ters for children.

FROM MANY LANDS

The Million Shilling Fund, which it very low. Has there been much family is now proposed to raise, will enable the prayer since the beginning of this great Petrograd committee to provide food, conflict? Perhaps there was more for a clothing, shelter and medical aid for the certain period. But in this matter also refugees during the winter. there has been a slackening as the war has drawn out its weary length, as the To Abolish the "Pale" in Ru….ia situation has remained about stationary."

IT is reported that a bill is to be intro- Rou:rnania and the Gospel duced in the Russian Imperial Duma abolishing the "pale" and giving the Jews THE Scripture Gift Mission for the the same rights as other Russians. Pro- past nine months has been very acfessor Paul Miliukov, of Moscow University, it was said, made the announce- tively engaged in printing and circulatment in Petrograd on his return from ing the Scriptures in Roumania among England, France and Italy, where he has the mobilized troops, and the secretary toured with other members of the Duma. has in his possession many letters of thanks from the commanders of the Rou- Professor Miliukov, whose statement manian army corps for the very welcome is quoted, the leader of the Constitutional gifts to the soldiers under their com- Democrats, has always championed equal mand. Letters have also been received rights for the Jews. Bills in favor of from the military colleges and the Red tne emancipation of the Jews in Russia Cross establishments, all saying how dewere introduced several times in the lighted they are to receive the attractive Duma by the progressive factions, but little Gospels issued by the mission. An the reactionaries have always defeated acknowledgment has also been sent from them. By a departmental order the resi- the Minister of Religion and Instruction, dence of Jews outside the "pale" is al- so that it can be seen that this effort of ready permitted. A circular issued by the Scripture Gift Mission has been Count Ignatieff, the Russian Minister of specially favored. A royal princess has Education, abolishing the system of bal- taken the matter up very keenly and is lot for Jews desiring to enter the Rus- doing her utmost to get the Gospels into sian secondary schools, is regarded as an the hands of as many soldiers as possible. excellent omen for the further enfran- The mission has on order some 200,000 chisement of the Jews. Gospels, but quite 400,000 more will be needed. French Attitude Toward Prayer WOl'k for ltalian Soldier.. EARLY in the war reports came from France that people were filling long- THE Waldensian Church has realized the new opportunities for Christian neglected churches and giving themselves to prayer. This, however, has appar- work, due to the fact that three million ently not continued. Le Bon Messager, soldiers are massed in a comparatively the organ of the MacAU Mission, says: small territory in the proper mood to "What has become of prayer during this receive and assimilate the message of the war? Have our churches been at prayer Gospel. Steps have accordingly been as much as our armies have been at bat- taken to reach as many as possible with tle? Have we employed our weapons the Word of God. spiritual with similar courage, the same faith and the same heroic patience, as The Italian Government has nomiour armies have shown? In the first nated three Waldensian pastors as chapdays of the war it seemed as though this lains to their co-religionists in the army, duty had been properly understood, and with the same rank (captain), salary, people had begun to pray. But it is as privileges and duties as the chaplains of though the impulse were not strong the Roman Church. They hold regular enough; for it soon fell back and the services in the trenches whenever posprayer meetings speedily resumed the old sible, visit the wounded in the infirmaries level in point of attendance-which was and hospitals, comfort the dying, etc.

No other oenomination has had this for the restoration (repairs, etc.) of privilege. school and chapel buildings, not exclud- ing Gregorian churches. These have A committee of assistance and relief been, generally speaking, greatly injured for Italian evangelical soldiers has been and defiled and must be repaired and organized in Turin, with the object of restored as opportunity offers. 3. Spekeeping in touch with all the Protestant cial funds should be provided for the soldiers. Every soldier is supplied with opening of orphanages in many places to a New Testament, a comfort kit, and provide for the great body of orphans possibly woolen clothing, etc. Relief is now needing to be gathered into homes. also given to families of reservists. The The Turks are trying to get these into weekly religious paper, La Luce, is sent their hands to rear as Moslems." free every week to all Protestant soldiers and all who ask for it. One full page These plans coincide with the convicis always devoted entirely to news from tions of the Turkey missionaries now in the soldiers. Professor Giovanni Ros- America, most of whom are eager to go tiegno, of the Waldensian Seminary, has back. published a tract, "Letter to the Soldier of Italy," nearly IOO,CXJO copies of which A Mosletn Ca.rpenter COllYerted have already been distributed. M ISS MARY R. FLEMING, of The colporteurs of the Immigration Bureau of the society meet the Italian ~ Tabriz, Persia, sends some interreservists who have been pouring into esting items in a letter received some Genoa and Naples from North America weeks ago. She says: and all parts of the world, distributing copies of the Gospel among them. More "In spite of the unsettled condition of than 28,CXJO have been distributed. the world in general and of wars and rumors of wars around us, the work at The motto of the Church this year is: Tabriz has gone on steadily. While one "A Gospel to every soldier!" of our number was itinerating in Ma- ragha, a very interesting occurrence was MOSLE1U LANDS the conversion of a young Mohammedan Tabriz carpenter who had gone down Reconstruction Plans in Turkey there to fulfil a contract for work. He had been a Bahaist, but was not satisfied Q UALITIES of statesmanship have with that faith and had been for some always been characteristic of the time an inquirer. He came out deleaders in the missionary enterprise. A cidedly for Christ while we were there fresh illustration of this is seen in the and has suffered some persecution for his way in which the missionaries in Tur- change of faith, the persecution taking key, even in these dark and terrible days, the form of a boycott, as his relatives are are looking ahead and making plans for refusing to have any social intercourse the days of restoration and reconstruc- with him, threatening to take his wife tion which they believe are on their way. from him. His employer also refused to pay him for the work done on account The missionaries in Constantinople, of his change of faith, but he is standing after due consideration, have endorsed firm. We found a great deal of interest the following plans for which in their among the people in the subject of rejudgment special funds should be pro- ligion, and the field everywhere seems vided ready for use in a short time: more open than ever." "I. Special funds should be set apart for helping young men and young women The Syrian Protestant College to fit themselves for preaching and teaching in the near future. Through this THE Syrian Protestant College at we hope to get a good number in course Beirut has had the most exciting year of training at once. We judge that this work must be chiefly done in Constanti- in its history, but, in spite of war condinople, Brousa and Smyrna. 2. Special tions, 769 students were enrolled last funds should be provide.! and set apart

NEWS FROM MANY LANDS

year. At the commencement last June INDIA, BURMA AND CEYLON the degree of Doctor of Laws was be- stowed upon Dr. Daniel Bliss (who died Ne"l-v HOllIe Standards In India a few weeks later), and at the same time the president of the board of trustees, WHEN I visited Miss RTohboibnsuorn~ Dr. D. Stuart Dodge, of New York principal of the Isabella City, received in absentia the degree of LL.D. College, she showed me a big packet of Misery ill Arulenia letters and said: THE attention of the civilized world "There is a new world in India. was called to the sufferings of the Eight thousand young men are 'graduat- Armenians by the action of the President of the United States, who, at the request ing from college every year. These men of both houses of Congress, named October 21st and 22d as Armenian and don't want a mere child, a toy, for a Syrian Relief Days and promptly followed up his proclamation by placing at wife; they wish companionship. All the disposal of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief a navy these are letters of inquiry of a matricollier for supplies of food and clothing. As a result of this and other efforts over monial nature. We could arrange for one million and a half dollars has been contributed to Armenian relief by Amer- more marriages than we have graduates, icans in the past six months. The 100,000 Syrians in America have also and those marriages into the most de- given $ro per capita for the relief of sirable families. Sometimes it seems as their countrymen. if I were conducting a matrimonial bu- The terrible reports of existing condi- reau, to supply wives for future college tions continue' to make clear how extensive the plans for relief must be. For professors, judges, deputy collectors and example, a worker in Aleppo writes from a Turkish village: "Tell our mis- all sorts of influential men." sionaries that their college children, young men and girls, are dying of hun- That is it! There is a new man as ger. To look at them breaks one's heart. Tell of the crowds of children outside well as a new woman in the Orient, and crying for bread; of the many pure young girls sold for bread to the Arabian this man has a new ideal of womanhood men; of the young people who are weakened by hunger, till they look like the and family life. In some cases families aged. The people kill and eat the street dogs. J saw a woman who ate the not Christian are setting up that characclotted blood of an animal killed in the street. Up to now all ate grass, but teristic Christian institution, the family that too is dried up." meal. This alone means a revolution in Eyewitnesses all along the Euphrates have reported seeing the Armenian refu- the position of woman; for by Indian gees still wandering by the hundreds, eating grass, herbs and locusts, and in custom the wife, whether of high or low some cases even dead animals and the flesh of human bodies. degree, has waited upon her husband, One dollar will keep ten persons alive standing while he ate, and later has parfor one week in Asia Minor. taken alone, or with the children, the portion of food he set aside for her.- HELEN BARRETT MONTGOMERY in the World Outlook.

Floods Work Havoe in India I N a letter to the Methodist Board of Foreign Missions, Rev. George W. Briggs, of Allahabad, India, writes: "Both the Ganges and Jumna rivers, which meet at Allahabad City, have overflowed their banks. The waters are higher than at any time within the last thirty years. The rainfall at Allahabad is twentv inches in excess of normal. In certain ~ections of the city the water has come perilously near, while in others it has flooded houses, causing them to fall. Whole villages have been submerged or washed away. There has been great suffering and destruction at Chunar and Manikpur. When this news reaches America the rains will be over, but the suffering will not have stopped. Mouldy

grain means cholera. Flooded sections has taken place during the year. The of the city cause fevers. Loss of prop- Church has sought to rise to its opportuerty means poverty added to poverty. nity in an aggressive missionary cam- And indescribable distress will prevail. paign, and a three years' campaign has The village houses are built of adobe. been auspiciously begun. Each year one Excessive rain and flood, in many in- week is to be devoted to special personal stances, have caused whole villages to evangelism by the members of the melt away. In our own district this Church, and to prepare the Church for means hundreds of homeless men, wom- this work Bible study circles and sysen and children. It means crops washed tematic prayer have been entered on. away. Their next harvest will not be Half of the communicants of the Church gathered till April, 1917." are now enrolled in Bible study circles, more than half are giving themselves GerInan Missions in India. daily to prayer for India, and the first special week of simultaneous evangelism G OOD news is received from the has been held. The figures and results native Christian churches of the are impressive. During this week over Gassner Mission in India through letters 8,000 workers (6,000 men and 2,000 from native pastors and from the English women) gave themselves wholly to evan- Bishop Westcott of Chota Nagpur, who gelism. In 3,814 towns and villages now has the supervision of the mission. throughout South India the campaign The native superintendent of the Gass- was carried on, 300,000 men and women ner Mission Press writes: "We work heard the sound of the Gospel, and of everyone in his sphere as before and no these, 8,000 are now "enquirers," and one hinders us. All the institutions still 6,000 have decided for Christ. To the exist; not the least change has been at- young Church itself this movement has tempted. The work in the printing brought a sense of unity, a flow of life, office and bindery continues as of old. and a holy consecration, that evoke grati- Yet our income has decreased, for we do tude to God and cause a hopeful wonder not sell as many books as before. It is as to whereunto this thing will grow. very hard for me to carryon the work in the old manner. The Bishop has SIAM AND THE LAOS come to my help a little by letting me print since March 1st The Messenger Customs Change in Siam of the S. P. G. Mission." NoT long ago a Buddhist priest in The Hermansburg and Leipzig Mis- Southern Asia was not supposed sions have given over their property rights in India to other corporations, even to look at a woman. When one with the consent of the British Govern- of the sex' appeared in sight he took ment-the Hermansburg to the United shelter behind a big palm leaf fan. But Evangelical Lutheran Synod of Ohio a Presbyterian missionary says of the and other states. Permission has been government examination in Siam in a granted by the government to the Swed- government school building: "The room ish Church Mission to take over the was full of young Buddhist priests in property of the Leipzig Mission on con- their best· yellow robes. The girls of dition that they dismiss two of the mis- one of the grades were given the front sionaries-Messrs. Brutzer and Hoff- bench in the rooms, with ever so many man. priests behind them. Priests and young girls taking the examinations together! Three Years' Campaign in South India A change indeed!"

IN the United Church of South India Tribute to a Leper Hospital -which is the result of.a union of DR. J. P. NORRIS, of the Rocke- Presbyterian and Congregational mis- feller Foundation, recently visited sions (European and American), under the leper asylum conducted by Dr. Cart a constitution which preserves the best at Chieng Mai, Siam, and wrote in the of both polities-a remarkable movement

FROM MANY LANDS 95

visitors' book: "I am very glad to have ways this union of bodies of diverse creed been able to visit this institution, which and dissimilar administrative methods is is a monument of truly religious ser- one of the most remarkable on the for- vice. The institution is much more than eign mission field. an asylum, an excellent hospital, well planned and built, under skilled and kind By the Canadian Church there will medical direction, affording treatment on be sent a professor to join the faculty modern lines to. those afflicted with lep- of each of the three colleges of the uni- rosy; Many of the cases are responding versity-arts, medical and theological. satisfactorily to treatment, and in some Grinnell College, Iowa, is the original cases their condition warrants the belief source of the contribution which the that they will be cured. I t is to be American Board is preparing to make hoped that the hospital will be largely toward the university, though the Board, subsidized so that its usefulness may be as already stated in the REVIEW, has increased and the segregation of lepers agreed to give from its own funds an in Siam will be extended, and as a con- amount equal to the gifts of Grinnell's sequence leprosy be eradicated from the students, faculty and alumni, whose goal country within a reasonable time." is $50,000 for endowment.

CHINA Negotiations are proceeding with still other boards looking toward enlarging New Railways for China the union for the benefit of Chinese young men who are connected with A ST. PAUL engineer is on his way churches not now represented in the in- to China to survey 1,100 miles of stitution. railroad in regions as yet untouched by rail enterprise. He will also superintend A Notable Convert the construction and operation of the railway. The railway complete will H aN. WEN PEl SHAN, Commiscost about $50,000,000 and will increase sioner of' Foreign Affairs in the the republic's total rail mileage by fifty Province of Chekiang, is a native of per cent. For the first time the Chinese Tientsin, who had become a wreck, both have put the construction on a contract morally and physically, when he was led basis, limiting the total cost of work to Christ and received into the Christian undertaken. This is expected to do away Church by baptism. Even his physical with the graft notorious in many Chinese features show a wonderful change. Not undertakings. The lines to be built have satisfied with being saved himself, he is not yet been decided on, and probably a trying to win the other members of his year will elapse before actual construc- family and his friends. He has started tion is begun. The railway is expected a Bible study circle for young lawyers, to be one of the most modern and effi- which is regularly attended and well cient in the world. conducted.

Five Boards United in Shantung In an article he contributed to the second issue of the China Church Year WITH the almost simultaneous de- Book, 1915, Mr. Wen writes: "Let it cision of the Canadian Presbyterian be publicly known that I have been the chief of all sinners. Though at times I Church and the American Board to join wished to make a change for the better the missions which are united in Shan- and feared the inevitable consequence of tung Christian University at Tsinan, sin, I was utterly unable to do so. To China, a great forward step has been reform a life of sin such as mine has taken. For a number of years the been, needed a power that must be Church of England has been a member superhuman. Such a power, I now deof the federation, which was formed a clare, can only be given by the Lord dozen years ago by American Presby- Jesus Christ. Knowledge cannot do it. terians and English Baptists. In many Our three religions cannot do it."

The BIble in China of dried sweet potato leaves or turnip leaves, or even thistles. I N the China Mission Year Book, Dr. Bondfield states that at a rough esti- Despite these conditions, the Christians mate the various Chinese versions of the among these Chinese are giving their Bible represent the continuous work of tithes, and are even planning for new one man for 242 years, supposing he did churches. But a great majority of this nothing else. Over one hundred Euro- district is untouched. There are villages peans and Americans have given the best in the mountains where the people have years of their lives to the task. At a never seen a foreigner and have never low estimate $275,000.00 has been ex- heard of the "Jesus Doctrine." Thev pended on the translation and revision are remarkably ready to listen. They of the Scriptures into Wenli, Easy take the missionary into their family Wenli and Mandarin. If the Chinese temples, ordinarily sacred, and let him vernacular versions be added, the num- preach and live in these. One of these ber of years spent by one man would temples is to become a mission school. be approximately 363; the number of missionaries engaged 150, and the total JAPAN-CHOSEN expenditure $400,000.00. Dr. Bond- field's brief note concludes with the A Distinguished Japanese in Alneriea words: "And it was worth while." BARON SAKATANI, former mayor A Bible Class in Tientsin of Tokyo, and one of Japan's most W ORD occasionally comes from prominent business men, recently held a China that shows how Mr. Sher- conference with officials of the World's wood Eddy's evangelistic work is bear- Sunday School Association. He is one ing fruit. Here is one case in point. of the committee which is promoting the A man who was impressed at the Tien- Tokyo Convention, toward the arrange- tsin meetings opened a Bible class in ments for which eminent Japanese are his own house, calling in a Chinese making substantial contributions because Christian to lead it. It began with five of their vision of the great service which members, but gradually the neighbors this convention will render to religious were interested, books were purchased, progress and in the development of per- a circulating library started and a large sonal character. When he was in Phila- bright room was fitted up for the meet- delphia he visited Mr. Wanamaker's ings. More than eighty names are now Sunday school, where the mayor pre- on the Bible class roll and the average sented Baron Sakatani with the Ameri- attendance is forty; seven persons have can flag and the flag of the city of Phila- been baptized, besides the whole house- delphia. In return the baron presented hold of the originator of the movement, the flag of Japan. In the course of his and a women's class of about thirty has address before the school, the baron said _been started. he believed that the great war now rag- ing in Europe was caused by civilization Fan.ine ill Cllinn putting too much weight llpon the mate- rial side and forgetting the spiritual. FAMINE conditions in some districts "Japan has been making this mistake for of China, according to Dr. Charles the past sixty years," said the baron, "but now leading Japanese are feeling E. Scott, of Tsingtau, are worse than the necessity of emphasizing the spiritual in Belgium or Poland. Three years out side." He expressed his opinion that the of the last four have been famine years Sunday school was the best means of near Tsingtau, and the stopping of for- filling up this gap and leading the people eign businesses, added to the ruining of to see the importance of moral training. many Chinese firms because of war con- "The thing which impresses me most ditions, has created a fearful condition. about the Sunday school work in Amer- Millions of people are driven to eat the ica," said the baron, "is that so many tender leaves of trees, the last portions successful business men are giving so

FROM MANY LANDS

much of their time and energy to the supposed to be a talk on loyalty, but building up of the Sunday school and so there was no religion in it. They then many workers are giving free service. asked me to speak, and I told them of This safeguards the future of America." the largeness of the Sunday school work in America and of the importance of aThe Women'" College in Tokyo following up through the week what NE of the significant developments they learned there on Sunday. They in missionary policy in recent years have this school only twice a month.- has been the establishment of the union H. E. COLEMAN, World's Sunday School colleges for women in Madras, in Pe- Association Field Secretary. king and in Nanking. It is not a simple matter for boards already overburdened Plans for a University in Cl10sen with financial needs of existing institutions to start out with faith to establish T HE late Dr. Underwood was deeply these higher institutions for women. Yet interested in the movement among it is the value of the work that these the Protestant churches conducting misboards have already done that makes sionary work in Korea to establish a such institutions necessary. The great Christian university in Seoul. A prochain of girls' schools under missionary moting committee has adopted a tentaauspices around the world now demands tive constitution and prepared financial the next step, the women's college. estimates which will be submitted to the missions and boal ds cooperating in the A board has been appointed to take work. The need for such an institution up the matter of the new college for is emphasized by the fact that the inthe women of Japan. For many rea- tellectual atmosphere of the Imperial sons it has been difficult to secure con- University is largely rationalistic and certed action, but it is believed a plan even atheistic in character. is now under way which will result in the opening of such a college in 1917. The past year has been one of unusual I t must be established on the highest progress in all lines of Christian activity possible basis, if it is to appeal to the in Korea. The total number of addi- Government of Japan and is to supply tions to all Protestant churches last year a higher grade of instruction than can on profession of faith was 9,019. The now be furnished by government schools. total number of communicants in all the Special prayer is needed at this time.- Protestant churches is now 110,000. Federation Bulletin. To Prevent "Cooling Oft" A. Buddhist Sunday School A T a helpers' meeting in the Presby- TWO weeks ago I visited a Buddhist terian mission church in Andong, Korea, a couple of years ago, it was Sunday school in Tsukiji and found remarked that there was a noticeable them teaching the children, sentence by "cooling off" of the church's zeal for sentence, some of the old Buddhist scrip- preaching, and after much discussion it tures, of which I do not think they un- was decided to make a report each Sunderstood much. They had two songs, day on three separate items: the number and these were poorly practiced. There of people preached to, the number of were about 250 children in a large room Scriptures or Gospel portions sold to unand they were kept there for two hours, believers, – and the number of new bewith five or ten minutes' intermission. lievers. The man who gave the first talk to the children spoke for forty-five minutes, In order that these reports might not giving them an historical talk about the be "padded," the only people counted Russo-Japanese war and the bravery of when the helper preached to a crowd were a few of the soldiers of that war. The those who appeared to be actually listen- children were good, but, of course, did ing, If only two were listening out of not pay very close attention. This was a group of fifty, two would be the num- ber preached to. In the same manner,

when books or Scripture portions were but I am with you in this great thought given out, only those were counted which of living for others. This little poem is were sold. Books given away were not wonderfully true and it is the best thing reported, and no one was numbered as I have seen in my life."

a new believer until he had attended church a month or six weeks and en- Refugee.. at Port Said I tered his name on the church roll. The result of this method has been a T is over a year since there ar- steady increase. The new believers have rived in Port Said the 4,000 Armenian remained about 300 for each year since refugees. The problem of providing the system went into effect, but the hear- shelter and a limited supply of food for ers have increased from 150,000 to 260,- this great company of people has been 000, and the books sold from 10,000 to handled by the British government, but 12,000. Special banners are awarded the American Committee in Cairo, of the churches making the best record in which Rev. Stephen Trowbridge is sec- each helper's circuit, and the winning retary, has had to attend to many other church tries to hold the banner the sec- wants of the refugees. Among these ond year. have been the questions of employment and spiritual guidance. Among the peo- AFRICA ple various trades are found, such as carpenters, masons, comb makers, silk- Dr. Zwemer and the Magistrate worm cultivators, and good weavers, but WHEN Dr. Zwemer visited Deir few are skilled except in such crafts as Mowas, Egypt, on a preaching trip, weaving and comb making. About two- thirds of the refugees, either because of he met a police magistrate, an educated their age or poor health or duties in the Moslem of marked liberality, who had home, are unable to work. But to keep become interested in a Christian orphan- 600 able-bodied men from eating the age in Assiut. He had translated on bread of idleness continues to be a knotty his own initiative an English book on question. At different periods some of the care of children, which he hoped to the men have been employed in various publish at the Nile Mission Press. This services for the British army. During Moslem police magistrate took Dr. one month alone 5.400 combs were made Zwemer to his own home to show him, by hand, and this with the weaving has as a great curiosity, a little book which kept many busy, although there have had in it the flags of all the world artd been serious labor difficulties. "certain figures relating to the Sunday schools in all the countries of the world." A Sunday school has been organized Going to his safe, with great ceremony for the four Protestant congregations, he unlocked the door and took out a and there is a prospect that the Gre- much used copy of the booklet published gorians will also commence a Sunday at the World's Sunday School Conven- school. Every family in which there is tion in Zurich, "The Strength of the a member who knows how to read now World's Sunday School Army." Some- has a copy of the New Testament or one in Assiut who had shown it to the of the Bible, provided by the British and police magistrate had finally given it to Foreign Bible Society. The people are him at his urgent request. He was deeply attached to Pastor Andreasi;m, greatly pleased to learn that Dr. Zwemer and his preaching services have been himself was one of the speakers at the crowded. Three large tents provided by Zurich Convention and alreadv knew the the British authorities have been thrown booklet. – into one, and some of the Gregorians, Then he took out of his pocketbook a as well as the Protestant congregations, leaf torn from the beginning of the flag have attended the services. A consider- book, bearing the poem "Others." able number, especially among the young "This," he said, "is my religion. I am people, have decided for Christ, and new a Moslem and shall continue a Moslelll, life has come into the hearts of the people.

FROM MANY LANDS

Church Life in Nigeria agreed that any person shall be bought or sold, or placed in servitude, or be MRS. J. CRAVEN WILSON, who transferred either as a pledge or security for debt, or in any other way," shall be with her husband is engaged in absolutely illegal; and that no claim for missionary work under the C. M. S., compensation from Government to persends an encouraging account of the de- sons claiming to be owners shall be recvelopment of the native church: ognized in respect of slaves who may acquire their freedom by virtue of the "The Ibo Christians have nobly risen ordinance. to the necessity for self-support, and last half year returned all the C. M. S. Changes AIllODg the Kaffirs grant for native workers. The church in the Niger Mission is being trained to NEARLY twenty years ago, Rev. govern itself. Provisional church coun- Walter Searle, then a minister in cils have been formed in each district, with the superintendent as chairman, and Capetown, believed that he heard God's the people are responding to this added voice to go and pioneer among unevanprivilege. Each congregation has its gelized heathen. After a brief term of own parochial committee, and women service in Natal, he and his wife went communicants take their part, showing among the Kaffirs. He says of their wonderful sense and power. Each cate- work: chist is responsible for his own church and for Sunday services, daily prayers, "We found in this wild district and four classes a week for inquirers, neither church nor manse, Christian nor catechumens, confirmees and communi- scholar. We dwelt in huts, and transcants. When necessary these leaders formed an old trading store into church read the Burial Service, which nearly all and school. This has now multiplied Christians attend. The catechists have into eight churches, where children are great influence and need our prayers that taught the Word and the Gospel is their spiritual life may be a bright ex- preached, and many converts have been ample to their congregations. gathered. A marvelous revival, marked by protracted meetings, overwhelming "Twice a year all the schoolmasters convictions, transporting joy and transand pupil teachers go out in bands for formed lives, was given four years ago; a ten days' preaching tour among the and, commencing at the station of my heathen. When possible, the superin- son, who went forth to labor with us tendent joins the bands. In some places at the beginning, extended to Lutubene, the educated girls hold Sunday schools where, away from all civilization, we for women. Every fourth Sunday the have labored for seventeen years. Christians at all the churches go out with their catechists for open-air preaching." "The South African General Mission has had a rapid progress from Cape Sla~~ery Ended in Nigeria Town to the borders of the Belgian Congo, extending through Pondoland, MOST people have not realized that Tembuland, Bomvanaland, Natal, Zulu- slavery existed anywhere under the land, Tongaland, and N yassaland be- yond the River Zambesi, and is now British flag today, so it is a surprise to planting new mission stations in Northhear that an ordinance declaring the west Rhodesia and Portugal West, where abolition of the legal status of slavery we have a thousand miles of unevangelin Nigeria has been promulgated-a ized territory to win for Christ." document which Bishop Tugwell describes as of "supreme importance." The The Lord's Supper in IJuanza bill enacts that "all persons heretofore or hereafter born in or brought within A LETTER from Dan Crawford the Southern Provinces, and all persons describes a tour through the difborn in or brought within the Northern ferent stations of his mission, in company Provinces after :March 31, 1901," are with Mr. Haste, the director. He declared to be free persons; that "every speaks especially of the plan to build contract in which it is stipulated or

thirteen new schools where the Bible work in Zululand. In Kimberly mine will be taught, and says: "We spent a work has again begun, but the workers great day out in the suburbs picking out of the Berlin Mission were not allowed likely spots for these buildings." H~ to visit the compounds. The Moravian continues: Mission in Kaffir-land is able to con- tinue its work and has very blessed re- "Picture our gathering to keep the sults.-Evangelisches Missions M agazin. Supper of our Lord with a group of Africans who can quote their New Testament with the clear, crisp touch ISLANDS OF THE PAcn'IC that tells you how the truth holds them America Retain.. the PhlIippines as much as they hold it. It was a THE Phil~ppine bill adopted. by Con- 'blood and bones' spot where the Table gress at Its recent sessIOn IS a new was spread-I mean, an old African Golgotha, the scene of rivers of blood shed fundamental charter of government for by the tyranny of man. Yes, there it the Philippine Islands. A few years ago was we commemorated that other and the United States Congress gave the greater Golgotha, and one of our num- Filipinos an elective Assembly as the ber was a leper, a poor leper, yet she popular branch of a local legislature. has the undying torch ablaze in her eyes! The new law provides for a Senate to To avoid contamination, there was one be elected by popular vote. Under the little touch of realism-I mean, that be- former law the number of voters in the side the one common cup of communion, Philippines has been about 200,000. The there was another tell-tale cup reserved new law so extends the franchise as to for this stricken old woman. And as increase this number to about 800,000. she drank out of her separate one as we The Philippine Commission, whose memout of our one-for-many cup there, then bers are appointed by the President of it was you saw how fitly symbolic it all the United States, becomes a thing of was. For oh! yes, she with her loath- the past under the new law. There will some leprosy had a cup to drink that we remain, however, a Governor-General knew not of, a bitter draught to be and a Vice-Governor, appointed by the drunk by her alone." President. The measure adopted con- tains the preamble, which declares it to Gerlnan MhudoJlIS in Africa be the purpose of the American people to withdraw from the Philippines when THE North German Mission has re- the people of the archipelago are able to ceived word from its station in Keta, conduct their government alone. No Gold Coast, that the British government time is, however, specified.

officials had made prisoners of the mis- sionaries. The ladies of the mission Women in South Sea Heathenism were allowed to return to Germany, THE heathen Tanna women, of the while Rev. Mr. Freyburger is now a New Hebrides Islands, are haggard prisoner with several members of the and drawn in face, with disheveled hair Basel Mission in Alexandra Palace, and dirty bodies. They stand lower in London. popular estimation than pigs. Before the Concerning th~ confiscation of the mission came, their only prospect in life schools of the Berlin Mission in Trans- was unmitigated servitude. To escape vaal and the closing of the seminary in this, death by suicide was a common oc- Botschabelo by the English Government, currence. The method used was to climb no direct news has been received. All a tall cocoanut tree, blindfold the eyes that is known is that the schools have and cast themselves down to be dashed been taken from the German missions to pieces.

and that the missionaries are not allowed On the island of Aneityum, the custom to give instruction in them. The schools of widow strangling was common, and are now under the control of the Com- it was with much difficulty that the mis- missary for natives. Tl.e Hermansburg sionaries persuaded the natives to aban- Mission is still allowed to continue its don it.

MHSSJrONAJRY U1mlRARY

OUR EASTERN QUESTION. America's supersede Japan as leader in the Orient. Cantact with the Orient and the Trend of Relatians with China and Turning another way, China may be japan. Thamas F. Millard. Illus., maps, 543 pp. New York: The Cen- made to transfuse her latent strength tury Company. $3. 1916. and wealth into the veins of Japan and This full volume is a jaurnalistic record and judgment of Far Eastern make Japan the most powerful empire in affairs as he saw them during the Revolution and down almost to the present. the world." There should be a sound Yet Mr. Millard is nO' ordinary jaurnalist, as he has been for five years the moral basis for an international formula editor af The China Press of Shanghai, and before that was correspondent for in China. That basis is equity and jus- American periodicals. Like his other books, this volume is a defense of China tice. The Hay Doctrine is its formula. as against japan's encroachments and as oppased to America's highest interests, That doctrine needs to be enfarced. and it supplies an incentive for a watchf.ul, positive policy an the part af Ameri- This should be done by a consortium, cans. Half af the chapters deal with japan's attitude and aggressions, fallaw- America leading. Such is the gist of his ing three devated to' an accaunt of the Revalutian and reconstructian af China. conclusions. His three maps are very Thase discussing Japan's relation to Great Britain and the United States and suggestive of American possibilities and her world palicy are especially warth reading. Mr. Millard sees real perils to negligence. B. the United States; and preparedness is written large not anly in Chapter XVIII, THE ZULU YESTERDAY AND To-DAY: but elsewhere as well. It may be alleged Twenty-nine Years in South Africa. that the author is an alarmist and that Gertrude R. Hance. Illus. 274 pp. he sees things wrong side up, just as he N ew York, London, Edinburgh: has printed President Yuan's Chinese Fleming H. Revell Co. $1.25. 1916. autograph on the frontispiece upside down; but if the reader will carefully A conscientiously faithful record of study Appendixes A to Z, he will see missionary work done during the last that there is a documentary basis under- three decades of the nineteenth century lying his interpretations. in Natal. Miss Hance did not wish to go to Africa at the outset, but her While Dr. Gulick and his addresses years of intimate acquaintance with the and baoks are desirable for showing negro there made her an ardent admirer Americans the Japanese side of the shield, of him, even in his unregenerate days. there is undoubtedly another aspect af It abounds in incident-indeed, there is the Far Eastern Question, and of this little else beyond concrete cases and ex- Mr. Millard is a protagonistic agitator. periences-but the narrative never leaves He believes that "the China question is the common levels. For one who deto japan the most important issue in the sires to know just what missionary life world. By the fate of China, the fate is in its monotonous iterations, this volof japan as a world power will be de- ume is precisely the thing. Like Dr. cided. Turning one way, China by her Nassau's "My Ogowe," Miss Hance has bulk and greater resources in time may made the reader see the real African in his heights and in some of his depths; . and she has also made clear what changes the gospel works in individuals. The various agencies in use in South Africa, from the simplest work in the kraals to the crowning accomplishments of lnanda, Amanzimtote and Wellington's Hugue- not College, are likewise faithfully de- scribed, though always from the view- point of personal experience or obser- vation.

Miss Hance might have made her book more valuable had she done some

generalizing and drawn upon a wider thing important in the Revolution itself. Attempts at social reform, particularly range of knowledge of the Zulu than through its "Evil to Good" institutions for women, according to Chinese testishe has employed. It was in just such mony, come from the Revolution. Pe- king's municipal prison, with its workfields that Evans saw in Zulu kraals and shops, etc., the Boys' Industrial Home and the poorhouse, were other institutribal government such stirring scenes as tions begotten of the new order. Chi- nese radicalism is described as seen or make his volume, "Black and White in heard in a rickshaw orator's talk and as continued in the highest councils of the Southeast Africa," so notable; and Dud- nation, of the Kuo Ming Tang party.

ley Kidd drew much of his fascinating Yuan Shih-Kai's various transforma- tions from President to Emperor are volumes on the Kaffir from this general chronicled, including Dr. Goodnow's advice aiding in the monarchical decision. territory. Fidelity to actual personal Then follow many pages of argument anent this decision which has no value missionary experiences is less desirable in the restoration of today. China's improved financial status, Japan's threatfor the reader than a broader horizon ening hegemony, arguments for Japan and against her case, a roseate future for with less of dim color. B. China-provided Occidental Powers re- strain Japan and if abundant railroad PRESENT-DAY CHINA: A Narrative of mileage is possible-bring the padded a Nation's Advance. Gardner L. volume to a close with the smack of a Harding. Illus. x, 250 pp. New railroad promoter as its climax. B. York: Century Company. $1. 1916. THE LIFE AND WORK OF WILLIAM This is an enthusiastic visitor's book ALBERT MANSELL, Missionary. Rev. on the temper and mind of the Chinese Lewis A. Core. Illus. xiii, map, 201 which in his estimation produced the pp. Madras: Methodist Publishing Revolution. Though unable to get his House, 1914. information through the Chinese language, he had a few English-speaking A strong life for India spanned the Chinese and a number of good friends years lying between 1864 and 1913. among missionaries and others who sup- Mansell was born of missionary parents plied him with information which was in North India and spent his boyhood true to the facts in the case. His en- in sight of the Himalayas, where he thusiasm for Young China has not pre- learned the vernacular with his mother vented his holding a deep respect for tongue-a great asset in his later work. the old regime. At the "mourners' bench" at ten, he resolved to spend his life for India. Woman's part in the Revolution be- Later at Ohio Wesleyan, when he comgan with extravagances like the Amazons pletely surrendered himself to God, he and "Dare to Dies" of IgII and Ig12, turned his back to the temptation to but later developed into such substantial become a professor of philosophy, taught help as carne from Dr. Mary Chang and school and secured after that the trainher nurses, she a mission-trained and ing that Boston University School of trustful Christian. Sophia Chang de- Theology so fully gives. His work in rived her political ideas from a radically India began in 188g and continued until different source, Russian revolutionary in his death. character, and was one of the conspirators of Sun Yat Sen's party. Miss Tang The volume is valuable largely bewas president of the Peking Chinese cause of its detailed statements concern- Suffragette Society and was also a lit- ing this work, especially that done in erary propagator of these ideas, and even dared to demand the vote of the early Nanking legislature. Dr. Yamei Kin did her part through medical work and her propaganda in the United States. The Y. W. C. A. likewise does its part in training women for office work, while Shanghai factories are calling girls and women into the industrial field. While all this is true, the author does not show that it is woman's contribution to any-

MISSIONARY LIBRARY

Bareilly Theological Seminary. His China, India, Japan, Persia, Palestine broad culture and power as a preacher, and Northwest Canada. Some valuable his happy way of living with his Indian hints are also given in the account of brethren, work for young people, his Missions at the Home Base. inner circle of friends whom he so enjoyed and blessed, his religious life which THE TRAIL TO THE HEARTS OF MEN. deeply impressed his friends, are other By Abe Cory. Illustrated 12mo. topics which no one could so well chron- 332 pp. Net $1.35. New York: icle as his classmate and fellow worker. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1916. One of Methodism's mighties passed when death called him to a rich reward. In the form of a somewhat melodra- matic novel, Mr. Cory gives a picture of B. the sacrifices and trials, the ideals and successes of missionary life in China. THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH MIs- The hero is brave and noble, and the SIONARY SOCIETY. By Eugene Stock, heroine charming, though wilful. There D.C.L. Volume IV. 8vo. 665 pp. is a villain and a scandal; also a stub- 7S. 6d. Church Missionary Society, born and wealthy father. There are London. 1916. rescues and renunciations, hairbreadth escapes and patients nursed back to life. Dr. Stock, formerly the efficient secre- With all there is a wholesome love story tary of the greatest missionary organiza- and a good picture of missionary life. tion in Great Britain, has rendered a valuable service in this supplementary The novel is one well calculated to volume to his monumental work. He awaken sympathy with missionaries and not only completes the history of the their work. The interest is sustained to Society to the year 1915, but includes the end and the missionary purpose of much valuable extra missionary informa- the story is not too pointedly emphasized. tion. For example, he outlines the de- Young people will be especially intervelopment of Africa as to the political ested and stimulated to noble ideals and division, the liquor traffic, slavery and strength of purpose. other evils. He describes the founding of Gordon College at Khartum and Toys AND THINGS. By Herbert Booth. shows both the British Government's and 12mo. $1 net. George H. Doran, the missionaries' viewpoint on the ques- New York, 1916. tion of religious instruction. Dr. Stock points out that Christian missionaries do These are unique and apt suggestions not ask for interference with the religion for talks to children, but Mr. Booth of Moslems, but they do ask, "Why points the moral too repeatedly and at should the British Government forbid too great length. Dolls, kites, tops, Christians to offer the greatest of all trains, baIls, sleds, etc., are used advanblessings to Moslem subjects, and why tageously in winning the children's inshould the Government favor Islam as terest, but many of the lesons attached against Christianity?" The Koran is are beyond the child's comprehension regularly studied and the Bible is ex- and experience or are otherwise inapprocluded. priate.. For example, the kite is raised by the wind, which to Mr. Booth repre- This history is also valuable for its sents adversity, but to most thinkers illuminating references to other mission- would represent power. Speakers to ary literature and for its many personal little folks can adapt these thoughts and references to missionary workers. illustrated sermonettes to the best advan- tage by taking the objects suggested and The marginal index is of great assist- drawing different lessons from them. ance in finding the pages where various The toys are here drawn from the chilsubjects are treated. The four volumes dren's realm, but many of the lessons of history are of permanent value not only are not. They are, however, capable of to those interested in British missions, such application. but to all who would follow the development of Christianity in Africa, JAPAN: THE NEW WORLD-POWER. Christian missionary work and the higher life and thought of the Japanese By Robert P. Porter. Illustrated. and Korean peoples are almost wholly 8vo. xxiv-789 pp. $2.50 net. Ox- ignored. The voluminous index does ford University Press, London and not list missions at all, and the only New York, 1916. reference made to the missionary enter- prise is a very brief one on pages 42-45, The first edition of this work ap- and that, save for a flippant sentence or peared in 191 I under the title, "The two, relates to the Roman Catholic effort Full Recognition of Japan." The pres- in a former century. And yet the mod- ent revised edition brings the material ern missionary enterprise in Japan and down to date and adds an introductory Korea is one of the most conspicuous survey dealing with Japan's share in the and outstanding features of the present great European war. The book is a re- situation and has been repeatedly recog- markably full and able presentation of nized by the most eminent Japanese facts on the material side of Japan's statesmen as enormously influential. progress and present condition as a That it is possible to make such a study world power. It is particularly rich of Japan and Korea as Mr. Porter has in information as to the transition done without taking missions into con- from old to new Japan, the work of re- sideration reminds one again of the faconstruction, the population, occupations, mous words of Lecky in his "History education, agriculture, the army and of European Morals": "No more did navy, forestry, railways, public works, the statesmen and the philosophers of constitution and laws, trade and com- Rome understand the character and merce, labor and wages, changes in issues of that greatest movement of all Korea and Manchuria, and similar top- history, of which their literature takes ics. The author has done his work with so little notice. That the greatest recare, and when he limits himself to re- ligious change in the history of mankind porting the facts which he has labori- should have taken place under the eyes ously gathered, he impresses us as entirely of a brilliant galaxy of philosophers and reliable. When, however, he ventures historians, and that they should have into the realm of opinion, he makes some treated as simply contemptible an agency strange blunders and shows that he is which all men must now admit to have not above prejudice. For example, it is been, for good or evil, the most powerful almost grotesque to find him referring, moral lever that has ever been applied on page 605, to the Koreans as "sea- to the affairs of men, are facts well thieves" and "semi-pirates," whose con- worthy of meditation in every period of version into peaceful citizens "requires religious transition." as much skill and firmness as to domesticate savages." He adds: "Gentle Taking Mr. Porter's book as a whole, methods, kindness, and diplomacy have its point of view is that of a consular been tried in both instances (Korea and report or a report to a board of trade Formosa), only to be requited by assas- rather than an addition to the literature sination, violence and brutality. Then on Japan. As a report it has large value what the Japanese ingenuously call a in that it presents so many material 'stronger pressure' has been brought to facts, with maps, charts and statistics in bear, and it would be folly to deny that abundance. Thick paper, wide margins hard blows have been dealt alike to and large type have made the volume those who would despoil and assassinate. too bulky and heavy for comfortable But when all milder measures fail, there handling. Nevertheless, every student remains but one method of dealing with of modern Japan will be grateful for armed insurgents and bloodthirsty sav- the immense amount of hard work which ages, and that is to shoot them." A the author has done in collating his facts, writer who does not have a more just even though one may regret that he did comprehension of Korean character and not make the scope of his volume more Japanese policy than such words indi- comprehensive. cate needs to be read with caution.

The Missionary Review of the World — February 1916

OF THE DYING RELIGIONS OF

MISSIONA~Y FlgES 1. The Philippine Islands have made more progress, intellectually and economically, in the past fifteen years under American rule than in the previous four centuries, eSee page 110.) 2. The fifty thousand students enrolled in the intermediate and secondary schools in the Philippines constitute one of the greatest evangelistic op- portunities in the world to-day. (See page 114.) 3. China is worth winning for Christ rather than to militarism. 'Vith four times the popUlation of the United States she has in the eighteen prov- inces eexclusive of her four great dependencies) an area of one and one-half times the United States, including Alaska. eSee page 91.) 4. The Presbyterian Church in Rio Janeiro has about fourteen hundred mem- bers, who contribute an average of ten dollars each annually for church purposes. eSee page 115.) S. In Tali Fu, Yunnan Province, more converts were recently baptized in one day than had been won in thirty years of early missionary effort.

eSee page 108.) 6. The churches in South America are being drained by the war of their young men, who have returned for military service to Europe, and the problem of self-support is becoming a serious one. (See page 118.) 7. President Yuan Shih Kai has included in the classics, which he is study- ing daily, selections from the "Save-the-World Classic" (the Bible), prepared by a missionary and presented to Yuan at the suggestion of the Chief of Ceremony. (See page 123.) 8. The Buddhist priests in Tibet are so degraded and ignorant, and so closely identified with the home life of the people, that they form the greatest obstacle to Christian missionary effort among Tibetans. (See page 128.) 9. A new plan of city evangelization, which places more responsibility on resident workers, is being inaugurated by Presbyterians in the province of Shantung. (See page 141.) 10. An English missionary society is appealing for volunteers to carryon the work of German missionaries in India. who have been removed by the government from their fields of work. (See page 146.) 11. Representatives of twenty-two different nations. engaged in the work of the China Inland Mission, are finding in their spiritual service for China a bond that keeps them united even in time of war. (See page 149.) 12. Samoan women who are going with their husbands as missionaries to the wild Papuans of New Guinea, where missionaries were eaten by canni- bals only fourteen years ago, are proving not only their missionary zeal but their ability as workers. The image of Confucius in the temple at Chefoo. Shantung. ISSI RE IE Vol. XXXIX, No.2 FEBRUARY, 1916 Vol. XXIX, No.2 Old S….. Nrw Serlel m: ,51 THE PRAY FOR THE PANAMA CONGRESS The Congress will be held in Hotel Congress on Christian Work Tivoli. There will be a frank and in Latin America is to convene friendly discussion of actual condiin Panama February 10th, and about tions in Latin American lands, with three hundred delegates are expected. freedom of speech, so far as it is The difficulties of transportation and Christian in spirit and relates to vital the limited accommodations have facts, but without bigotry or unturned aside many who planned to necessary acidity. It is expected that attend, but the delegates are leading Dr. Robert E. Speer will be Presimen and women of evangelical dent of the Congress, and his preschurches and represent practically all ence in the chair will insure courthe Protestant denominations of North tesy, constructiveness, spirituality, America and sixty-seven missionaries and prayer as characteristic of the and Latin Americans. sessIOns.

The daylight sessions will be de- Among the distinguished delegates voted to the discussion of the Com- from the United States are Dr. and mission reports and the evening ses- Mrs. John R. Mott, Dr. and Mrs. sions to popular meetings, each Lemuel C. Barnes (Baptist), Prof. addrest by one North American and Harlan P. Beach (Yale), Bishop one Latin American. There will also Henry D. Aves (Mexico), Bishop be evening evangelistic meetings in Wm. C. Brown (Virginia), Miss Spanish and English for the benefit Belle H. Bennett (Kentucky), Dr. of the people of the Isthmus-North John W. Butler (Mexico), Dr. S. H. Americans and other residents. Chester (Presbyterian), Dr. E. F.

The editors seek to pre~erve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEW, but do not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by eontributors of signed articles in these pages.-EDITORS.

Cook and Bishop Lambeth (Metho- " B SPIRITUAL AWAKENING IN INDIA dist), Dr. William F. Oldham (New ElYOND all our expectations," York), Mr. and Mrs·. E. E. Olcott says Mr. Sherwood Eddy in a (New York), Dr. John F. Goucher letter, "an awakening in South India (Baltimore), Mr. Wm. N. Hartshorn has already begun. Last year Indian (World's S. S. Ass'n), Dr. Wm. I. Christian friends prayed for the cam- Haven (Bible Society), President H. paign in China and asked, 'Why C. King (Oberlin), Bishop A. W. should we not have a similar awaken- Knight (Tennessee), Dr. Ira Land- ing in India ?' As they faced the reth (Bo~ton), Mr. and Mrs. Joshua terrible difficulties of caste, the op- Levering (Baltimore), Bishop A. S. position of Hinduism, and the need Lloyd (Episcopal Board), Bishop F. of their own churches they felt it was impossible. Finally, the Execu- J. McConnell (Methodist), Dr. A. tive Committee of the South India United Church, with a Christian McLean (Disciples), President C. T. community of 165,000, proposed an Paul (Indianapolis) , Miss Ruth evangelistic campaign in India. This Rouse (World's Christian Student United Church includes all the Chris- Federation), Dr. James 1. Vance tians of the Presbyterian, Congrega- (Nashville), Bishop Luther D. Wil- tional, Dutch Reformed, and Scottish son, and President W. Douglas Mc- churches in one body, and it equals Kenzie (Hartford). There is an in numbers nearly twice the entire equally distinguished list of names Protestant community of all Japan." from Mexico, Cuba, Central and South America. In response to the invitation from this united church Mr. Eddy began Following the close of the Panama a campaign in South India last Oc- Congress, February 20th, five or six tober. After prayer and preparation, deputations will visit various parts of they united in a week of simul- Latin America to carry to the work- taneous evangelism, and when leaders ers the spirit and message of the of the church gathered at Vellore Congress, and to unite them in a for their General Assembly; all were study and plan for cooperation III astonished at what had been accomtheir respective fields. Dr. L. C. plished by the Spirit of God in that Barnes will lead the conference in first week. Mr. H. A. Popley, the San Juan, Porto Rico; Dr. Charles Secretary for the evangelistic cam- L. Thompson that in Havana, Cuba; paign, reported as follows: Dr. A. W. Halsey in South America. As soon as practicable a Mexico con- "A force of 8,288 Christian workference will be convened. ers gave themselves to proclaiming the power of Jesus Christ to build up This is a time for prayer rather a sound and lasting personal and than for criticism. The Congress is national life among the people of for conference, not for legislation, India. These workers preached in and the spirit is one of loyalty to the 3,814 towns and villages of the Tamil highest ideals as set forth by our country to audiences of over 300,000 Lord Jesus Christ. Many differing people, and won 8,503 to a desire to viewpoints will be represented- study the power and teaching of pray that the viewpoint of Christ may prevail.

OF THE

Christ, and 6,422 men and women to workers gathered and an evangelistic a determination to follow Him. A campaign was thoroughly organized. total of 14,925 people were definitely influenced during this one week to At the close of one of the meet- place themselves under the leadership ings a brilliant young Brahman stu- . of Jesus Christ. Thousands more dent surrendered his heart to Christ have been influenced, to some extent, and asked Mr. Eddy to be present at to feel that Christ is indeed the Hope his public baptism. Only at great of India. cost can a man come out from this proud caste-bound Brahman com- "Travancore tells of a demon wor- munity. shiper who deserted his shrine and declared that he would erect a temple In Jaffna, North Ceylon, 1,200 to God in its place. In the North Christians and workers gathered in Tamil field meetings were freely al- their annual meeting. They entered lowed in Hindu temples in caste the campaign, and the work will ex- villages, and the workers were re- tend during the next three years to quested to speak frankly about Christ Ceylon as well as India. During and His salvation. In another place meetings held for three days in the a devil dancer promised on the spot colleges of Jaffna more than sixty to become a Christian. In one of the high-caste Hindu students publicly Telugu churches twenty-eight adults confest Christ. were publicly baptized. In Travancore, at Nagercoil, 400 "In the Church itself the greatest workers gathered for a training con- good is that the laity have been ference, and 1,500 Christians assem- awakened to a sense of their respon- bled every night in the great Church sibility. Every Sunday afternoon to face their responsibility in the immediately after the service the campaign. Mr. Eddy delivered his whole Church goes out to preach the addresses to great congregations of Gospel. The campaign has brought a Christians in a community numbering new vision to the Church and for more than 80,000 in all in this field the first time the higher classes in of South Travancore. These Chris- the Church went and preached the tians are rising in a united evan- Gospel to the poor and deprest." gelistic campaign for the winning of their country for Christ. Already oTRAINING LEADERS IN INDIA one in four of the population of this NE of the most important and native State is a Christian. fruitful features of Mr. Sherwood Eddy's recent campaign in India has "Unmistakably God has begun a been his training conferences for In- mighty work in South India. Only dian Christian workers, conducted in this week I journeyed into distant vil- the six principal centers of South lages far from the railway to see India and Ceylon. After crowded men baptized from three different meetings in Madras, he met 200 workers from all parts of the Telugu castes, who were won in the begin- field. The third center was Erode ning of the campaign. Altho we have in the Tamil district, where 450 not yet succeeded in shaking the large cities or breaking the ranks of the Brahmans in large numbers, the campaign in India bids· fair to sur-

pass that in China in its work in the Christian progress in China can not villages, among the masses and be foretold. It will depend on the among the lower classes. It is al- personnel of the new government.

ready enlisting a larger number of President Yuan is, however, an in- Christian workers than in China, ani telligent man, favorable to religious. more widely affecting the Christian freedom and to Christian work. He Church." has given money freely to the Y. M. C. A., to missionary education, and CHANGES IN CHINA Christian hospitals. As a represen- YUAN SHIH 'KAI, First Presi- tative of the people he has worshiped dent of the RepUblic of China at the temple of heaven, but as president he has called into positions has signified his intention of "accept- of influence many avowed Christian ing" the title and role of Emperor- men. Pray for China and for Yuan he has already exercised the authority Shih Kai. -and on January I, 1916, took his seat temporarily on the imperial FROM KOREA TO CHOSEN throne. The date for his formal as- cension and the complete change back TIMES of transition are always again from republic to empire has times of crisis and often of hard- not yet been announced. ship. Korea is now in transition and The council, supposed to represent the Church and Christians there the people, met on December IIth suffer many hardships. Japan, having and voted unanimously to reestablish taken over the control of the country, the monarchy-but with a constitu- naturally is working to press Korea tion-and asked Yuan Shih Kai to and Koreans into the Japanese mold.

become Emperor. The president de- The ideas of Japan are not Korean dined the request and the next day ideas, nor are the ideals of her rulers issued a second mandate, accepting'· Christian ideals. Many officials lack the position. tact and real brotherliness and do not China is a huge country with an act with consideration. Nevertheless unwieldy, untrained mass of human- the change from Korea to Chosen, ity. A strong central government is from nation to province, seems in- still needed to control them and to evitable, and possibly the sooner it is direct affairs. of State. Yuan is gen- effected the better it will be.

erally acknowledged to be the Japan has made many physical im- strongest man in Chinese public life provements in Chosen-new high- and the people look to him to guide ways, and railroads, new sanitation the ship of state safely through the and civic advancement. Many laws rocks. There are some noble and have been enacted and are enforced intelligent young men among the with much benefit to the people. The officials who have come to the front educational system has been modern- since the Revolution, but there are ized and some moral reforms have not a large enough number of them been instituted. If Japan were a to fill the need. Christian land, with Ohristian ideals The effect of the reversion to a and rulers, there could be only thanks- monarchy upon missionary work and giving for the transition and trans-

formation from a weak and back- have found none. Even in Japan ward nation to a modernized province. proper there is no such law. They Japan is not, however, Christian in also order missions to use a book on aim or methods, and the people- ethics which teaches ancestor wor- especially the Christians in Korea- ship. Most of the mission schools are suffering in consequence. A letter have permits which allow them to just received from a 'Korean corres- continue as at present for ten years, pondent, who was traveling in China, but some, like the Soon Chun schools, gives information which the Japanese are without permits, and may be censor would not have passed. Visi- closed.

tors to Korea see only the outward "On top of all this comes a law and beneficial results of Japanese which says missions must obtain per- rule. Those who live there see the mission from the government every other side. Our correspondent writes: time they want to employ a helper, a "Missionaries in Chosen do not in- colporteur, or a pastor, when they es- terfere in politics, but are sent to tablish a church. One can readily see preach the Gospel, and loyally support what this will involve if a local gov- the nation and rulers that God places ernment official is biased against Chris- over them. Missionaries in Korea tianity. Hiding behind red-tape he exhort church members to follow the may find many opportunities to block precepts of Paul in the thirteenth Christian work.

chapter of Romans. The Japanese "The great hope of Christians is in are straining every nerve to make God. We mu~t pray that the minds the Koreans into Japanese. That too of the administration may be more is no concern of the missionaries, al- favorable toward Christianity, and tho we inwardly feel sorry for the that missionaries and Christians may Koreans. . be given especial wisdom during this "In spite of the real help mission- time of trial."

aries are giving to Japanese, the pres- COOPERATION IN MISSIONS TO ent administration in Chosen apparently feel that Christianity interfere;; W JEWS with their plans for 'Japanizing' the BILE there are in North Koreans. Consequently they are doing America forty-five missionary all in their power to throttle Chris- agencies at work for the conversion tianity without openly persecuting the of the Jews, there is no strong far- church or antagonizing the law that reaching interdenominational society guarantees religious liberty. The conducted for this purpose. There authorities do not say Koreans must are local societies in many cities, not be Christians, but they indirectly denominational work for Jews and do everything possible to prevent the some general agencies for tract and spread of Christianity. Bible distribution,' but in America "The present law saying that re- this great work in g-eneral is carried ligion must not be taught in private on through· indeper. lent and small schools is an example. We have been· organizations. Only two American hunting for an example of such a societies have as many as ten mis- law among the leading nations, but sionaries to Jews.

Great Britain has twenty-eight so- Rev. B. B. Sutcliffe (Chicago), Seccieties, one of which employs 312 retary; Mr. Henry P. Crowell (Chiworkers, one 72, one 68, another 44, cago), Treasurer. another 32, and another 31. The twenty-eight British organizations It is high time that the Christian employ over four times as many Church awoke out of sleep in order missionaries to Jews as do the forty- that they may "buy up the opporfive American societies and have tunity because the days are evil." three times as many mission stations. N ever have the Jews been more har- The London Society for Promoting ried and distrest in Asia and Europe Christianity among the Jews is the than they are to-day. In Poland, largest in the world. The Mildmay Galicia, and in Palestine they are Mission to the Jews comes second. suffering for the very necessaries of The former has forty-six missions life as well as for the friendship of in various parts of the world-the their fellow countrymen. Now is only far-reaching international work the opportunity for Christians to for Israel. show them the real meaning of the love of Christ and His Gospel of At the recent Conference on be- life. half of Israel, held in Chicago (November 18-19), an important WOMEN'S WORK AT HOME step was taken in the formation of an interdenominational committee for "G OD bless the live women and Gospel work in "Behalf of Israel." With the exception of Poland and the dead men of the Church," Russia there is no land where the was the remark of a chairman of a Jews are found in such large num- missionary meeting at which were bers as in North America and no- announced large gifts from women's where is the opportunity so great societies and from men's legacies. for unhampered Christian work among them. At the same time the The women are alive to the best Christians in America seem oblivious both at home and abroad. They are to their duty toward Jews and are always generous, and their books and almost wholly neglecting them. missionary magazines have accom- fllished wonders in extending mis- In 1914 the American Hebrew sionary information and enthusiasm. Christian Alliance was formed to The Federation of Women's Societies unite more closely in fellowship the is also doing much for the advance- Jewish Christians of North America, ment of the cause. and to further the work among their unconverted brethren. Now a new The Council for Women for Home step has been taken to unite Gentiles Missions has recently held its eighth and Jews in the effort to give the annual meeting (January 5th and Gospel to Israel. 6th) in Atlanta, Georgia. All the women's boards, both North and The officers of the new organiza- South, that are represented on the tion are: Mr. W. E. Blackstone, Council, sent delegates. The program Honorary President; Rev. Harris H. was unusually strong and included all Gregg, D.D. (St. Louis), President: phases of Home Mission activity.

Mrs. George W. Coleman was elect- ed president for the coming year.

OF FOREiGN MISSION

1902-1915 $J1.6Q()JJ(JO JJJIJIJ.OOO Jl,504P<'Q() $32,131,234 JI.IQQ. 1100 (1912) JQ.6Q()JOQ J 29.6OD. 000 / Z8.6QaOQO 27.6dO. 000 / '4604000 / """ 1/ Z5.60D.000 _/ 24POD.'.000 Zlloa 000 lliQO.1.000 itt~oy $1 B, 793,990 21.6dO.M0 ZfJ.6Da'OIN. ~sV 19.6OD.000 J8.6QO,a'DO Ct'……..: I'. /, t7 $18,815,939 ITJOD. 000 V / – 16.600. 000 ./ 15.600. ooe . V~OPE J! 14.600.000 —' OF t " , 13MIJ. 000 1// NTlf'{EN1 'I' "- , 1i!lQD.fJ,00 11,600. 000 i · { -=– ,A~D,.CO~ ~– , pll),.••••…..

~'('i:Rr. £~~ar-R1-/1i1t:,O15r1/~~lbrt~8:5(.~.J./~/I~ . J1-'R1ic£A~ . 1D.6(),IJ. 000 !.MOo. 000 — 8.600. 000 fE!!-"" 7.6QQ.000 6.600. 000 I-'" 5.600.0 00 4.604 000 ~600, 000 OTHlR COUNTRIES 51,197,772 ZPOo.o 00 ….II) >1912) 1,6110. (),OO ~ — 6110. 000 This chart is based on the chart prepared by the Home Base Committee of the Foreign Missions Conference of North America, The figures are those collected by the M,SSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, with the exception that the figures for America (1912-15) are gathered by the Home Base Committee, The totals for North America and Europe for 1914 are $33,784,550, and for Christendom for 1915 are probably not less than $36,OOO,OOO-including "Other Countries' -EDITOR,

I ~… /'—'" ~'b .,"COMING

I .! ~…- j j '

February Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Newark, N. J.

Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d–Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Billings, Mont. Jan. 30th to Feb. 2d-Laymen's Missionary Conv., Birmingham, Ala. 1st-National Rallies-Jubilee of the Young Women's Christian Association. 1st-The 115th anniversary of the birth of Titus Coan of Hawaii. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Atlanta, Ga. 2d to 4th, 6th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Butte, Mont. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Spokane, Wash. 6th to 9th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Columbus, S. C. 8th-The 115th anniversary of birth of George Dana Boardman of Burma. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Seattle, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Dayton, Ohio. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Tacoma, Wash. 9th to 11th, 13th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Greensboro, N. C. 10th to 20th-Congress on Christian Vork in Latin America, Panama. 13th-Reformed Church in U. S. Foreign Missions Conference 13th to 15th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Decatur, Ill. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Portland, Ore. 13th to 16th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Richmond, Va. 14th-The 85th anniversary of the birth of James Stewart of South Africa. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Sacramento, Cal. 16th to 18th, 20th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Davenport, Iowa. 18th-The 135th anniversary of the birth of Henry Martin of India. 20th to 22d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Des Moines, Iowa. 20th to 23d-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Lexington, Ky. 20th to 23d-l~aymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Francisco, Cal. 22d-Pageant to celebrate Jubilee of the Y. W. C. A. 23d to 25th Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Evansville, Ind. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymeri's Missionary Movement Conv., Nashville, Tenn. 23d to 25th, 27th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Fresno, Cal. 27th to Mar. 1-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Los Angeles, Cal. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Indianapolis, Ind. 27th to Mar. l-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Memphis, Tenn.

March bt to 3d, Sth-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Little Rock, Ark. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., San Diego, Cal. 1st to 3d, 5th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Conv., Columbus, Ohio. 3d-50th Birthday Celebration of the Young Women's Christian Association. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, EI Paso, Texas. 5th to 8th-Laymen's Missionary Movement Convention, Oklahoma, Okla. 7th-The 80th anniversary of the birth of Bishop Thoburn of India. BY REV. CHARLES E. SCOTT, TSING TAU, CHINA Mi.~sionary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. U. S. A.

N Europe one sees con- riages" and war babies and outraged women and ruined lands and smashed IZI l tinental politics. In ideals and degraded morals, of what- China one is in the ever spiritual power it possest, the un- ~. ~ midst of the seething fittest left to face the vastest prob- ~ maelstrom of world lems; and of China unmilitaristic, politics. Europe has prodded on by injustice, to become long realized that China is the great- a great militaristic nation, to be an est prize politically and commercially on the planet, and is amazed that COMPARATIVE SIZE OF UNITED STATES AND CHINA American business men have so long neglected the greatest future market avenger with fifty miIlion "regulars" in the world. Spain, Portugal, and at her command. For many centuries HoIland each, more than two cen- she has absorbed all conquerors, or turies ago, in the palmy days of their driven them out. "China is a sea maritime supremacies, headed the that salts all that it touches." In the movement to exploit China for their thirteenth century she had a scourge, own advantage. Ever since that time, Jenghiz Khan, before whose conand especiaIly in recent years, the Eu- quests those of Cesar and Napoleon ropean LiIiputians have been trying, pale into insigrlificance, who conwhile they may, to bind the great quered all of Europe west of the con- Asiatic GuIIiver before he wakes. They know that they can never do it after China comes to its own.

China in international politics has been a veritable Banquo's ghost that would not down-a question insistently paramount, dominating all other issues of international politics. Just because of her marvelous potentialities there has been a feeling of dread on the part of Europe, as it viewed this vast inchoate monster looming out of the Far East, a coming power, not auspicious, but portentous.

There is already a vision in Europe of itself, decimated of its best blood and brawn and brains, burdened with incalculable debts, prostrate in its weakness, robbed, through "day mar-

fines of Germany, and all of Asia pean statesmen as Tocqueville and from the frozen north to the Indian James Bryce; such generals and lead- Ocean. Europe has mistaken patience ers of Far Eastern troops as Chinese for cowardice. The Chinese soldier, Gordon and Lord Roberts and W oIse- properly equipped and led, has, ac- ley; such naval experts as Beresford, cording to foreign generals in the Von Tirpitz, and Admirals Fisher Far East, few equals. and Mahan; such Oriental adminis- The astonishing thing is that while trators as Dr. Morrison and Lord the statesmen and rulers of Europe Curzon; Stlch famous diplomats as are hopelessly at variance as to the Anson Burlingame, Count Cassini, S.

future fate of the nations around Wells Williams, and Colonel Denby; about them, there is a marvelous such Chinese advisors as Schurman unanimity as to China being the of Cornell, Adams of Michigan, coming land of towering importance. Goodnow of Johns Hopkins, and Even in his day Napoleon saw this John W. Foster; such missionary future, and laid down this dictum: statesmen as Mott, Speer, J. Camp- "A lion is asleep; do not rouse him. bell White, and A. J. Brown; such When China is awake it will change foreign missionaries as Mar tin, the face of the world." A nearer and Mateer, and Hayes. Indeed, the a better man, "The Golden Rule opinion of these men and a host of Diplomatist," John Hay, that great others-business men, manufacturers, and good friend of China, whose editors, consuls, educators, and mis- spirit of justice and fair play caused sionaries-would be found to bear the Chinese statesmen to admire and out this whole general position as revere him as much as to despise the summed up in a notable argument by muddied diplomatic deals and dealers Professor Reinsch, long special stu- of Europe, is credited with this pre- dent of things Chinese and American scient pronouncement: "The storm- minister at Peking, when he says, center of world politics, despite all "By all signs of the times China is eddies, has moved steadily eastward, destined to become the industrial and from the Holy Roman Empire, on commercial center of the world, and past Rome, past the Balkans, past the Pacific the chief theater of the Constantinople, past the Persian Gulf, world's great events." past India, to China, where it win remain, and whoever understands Now what are these elements that China socially, economically, politi- enter in to make such a future incally, religiously, has a key to world here in China, constituting China the politics for the next five centuries." grandest opportunity on the globe, £ommercially, politically, and religi- A great galaxy of men, looking at ously, an opportunity supremely that land out of every nation and worth while to be cultivated, which from every angle of their specialties, cause men to dare make such statestudents of the Far East, are of this conviction. We· see this in the ut- ments with regard to China? There terances of such American statesmen are several known potentialities of as Henry Clay, Thomas H. Benton, China which make men confident of and William F. Seward; such Euro- her tremendous future:

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

The Geographical Location able globe. They cover as much area I. Her location, in what Gladstone as Europe, one and one-half times called "the zone of power," where all the size of the United States plus masterful races have dwelt. She has Alaska; and these eighteen provinces every variety of climate, with the are less in size than the four fringed richest soil, vast mountain ranges dependencies: Manchuria, Mongolia, from which dash great cascades, East Turkestan, and Tibet. Lord Bal- transformable, like Niagara, into four has said: "No nation can be per- future electric and industrial power. manently great without an adequate S. E. Little, the geographical expert physical basis· of empire," that is, on China, says that no land can without land enough. China has that compare with China in the extent of basis. All the great nations of Chris- its waterways, a network of canals tendom excuse all the ungodliness as vast as cheap, uniting many sec- that they have ungodly done against tions of the land. There are four small states on their continent and thousand miles of sea coast, with against heathen folk and backward many and great harbors, such as nations in the Orient because of their that of Tsingtau, which port the attempt to conform to that law of Germans planned to make the New success. Because of it in the last few York of the Pacific, and capable of decades Christian Europe has stolen holding the navies of the world. ten-twelfths of Africa; practically all The water system of the Yangtse of the islands of the sea are theirs; alone is greater than the Mississippi they took them; and all of the vastest system. of continents, Asia, where dwell two- Hundreds of miles inland stands thirds of the human race, also in con- one of the great ancient capitals on formity to this law they have taken the banks of the Yangtse. What -all except Japan and China, from would England not give to-day for which latter they have already carved such a capital, as Germany plans to huge slices.

hurl her armies into London? With 3. "Population," as the veteran 680 miles between it and the sea it China missionary statesman, Dr. W .

. would be harder to take than Con- M. Hayes, once said, "is to a nation stantinople. .what cells are to a battery. The elec- Did the all-wise God have in mind tric motive power depends on the some vast plan when He set this race number of them." .Assuredly China within its own borders, a race four has the cells. Too long have Ameri- thousand years young, more virile cans, with their pin-hole parish con- than in its beginnings, surrounded ception of the missionary enterprise, by the frozen steppes on the north, closed their eyes to the impinging of with the vastest of all mountain this great race upon the world.

chains to the west and southwest, Professor H. A. Giles, of Cam- and the wildest of all oceans in front bridge University, one of the greatest of it? living sinologs, says that if all the The Territory and Population Chinese in the world were to pass by 2. The eighteen provinces of China a given point, befor.e the last one of constitute one-tenth of the inhabii:- the present generation could pass

that point a new generation would the southwest, alone has some seventy have grown up to have taken their million people.

places, and so the procession would march on forever. Natural Resources In this world-war, the most colos- 4· China's natural resources can sal, the most costly in men and money scarcely be exaggerated. They are that the earth has ever seen, the untouched, unparalleled, incalculable.

question of men is of supreme im- Everyone of these great provinces of portance. Already the warring na- China is rich in the most necessary tions of Christendom have lost some oils and ores and minerals. One of six million men, and it is estimated the keys to understand the reason that at the present rate of fighting all why the great nations of Christendom the men of Europe able to bear arms have repeatedly taken China by the (some 28 million) will either be im- throat and shaken her for every sort prisoned or crippled or rotting under of concession-mining, railroading, the sod by the end of 1918. It be- oil fields, territory, harbors-is the comes a very pertinent consideration, natural resources of China. If any therefore, that nations ultimately fail will study the reports of the expert for lack of men. geological commissions of the great Athens and Sparta, struggling for European governments in China, he the hegemony of the states of will find out very soon why they have Greece, both ultimately failed for lack been so eager to thrust themselves in.

of men. The medieval city repub- Geologists say that most of the lics, Pisa, Genoa, and Florence, in min era I fields of the world are their rivalry for the leadership of mapped, many of them are exhausted the Italian states, failed for lack of or nearing exhaustion, particularly so men. Holland, possessing sea supre- in Europe. Moreover, geologists af- macy, was unable to hold it over firm, as voiced in a notable article by England for lack of men. All the the late Professor N. S. Shaler, that leaders and rulers of Europe are cry- the industrial age of the present and ing out to-day in agony in the lan- future depends absolutely on these guage of the King of Montenegro, natural resources. The business of "Oh, if I only had the men." China the world would collapse at once has the men. The United States has were the flow of these resources to eighteen states, the population of each cease. It is axiomatic that this pres- one of which is less than the popu- ent and the future age are built on lation of each of many of China's the pillars of iron and coal and cop- 1,700 great and ancient walled cities. per and gold. Germany to-day fears According to the latest statistics, vastly more the shortage of copper China's popUlation is greater than and oil than many army corps of her that of all the nations at war, ex- enemies. That is why she is sedu- cepting Russia, India, and Japan- lously picking the brass hinges and plus their dependencies and colonies, knobs and trimming off from the plus twenty of the most interested doors in conquered Belgium, France, and prominent neutral nations. The and Poland, why her children are single province of Szechuan, far to scraping together every brass boiler-

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

bottom and kettle, why an army of Japan has schemed to get posses- miners has followed the progress of sion of these great mines of China, her armies as they approached any especially the Han Yie Ping, near section that contained these riches of Hanyang, 680 miles up the Yangtze the subterranean depths. River. Here, as in many other places, The report of the German geologi- the coal and iron occur together.

cal expert, Baron Von Richtofen, on Japan now has a regular entrenched the mineral wealth of Shantung and camp and barracks of Japanese sol- Shansi Provinces, was unbelievable, diers watching over these mines. The and so the government sent out a Chinese are here turning out pig iron, commission to check him up. Their shipping it hundreds of miles down report is a key to why Germany went the Yangtze River to Shanghai, and into Shantung, with its wonderful across the Pacific to San Francisco, harbor on its eastern coast, with more from there to Chicago, and laying it than forty million people in the prov- down on the Chicago market for less ince, and a vast hinterland with all than it can be laid down from Pitts- its products and natural resources to burgh to Chicago. This is an earnest feed through the great port of Tsing- of the market that the Chinese have tau. The Province of Shantung is already developed in many South rich in coal and iron and gold. In American countries, in Japan, and in Shansi, 419,000 square miles of the Asian states.

best quality of Pennsylvania anthra- Forests, Furs, and Fish cite have already been mapped, with corresponding immense quantities of Altho we speak of China as being bituminous coal. The vein of the an- a treeless country, yet in Manchuria thracite averages thirty-one feet are vast forests from which millions thick. Much of it is on the surface, of feet may be cut every year, and which the Chinese as yet, because of without detriment to the forests, if their fear of earthen dragons, have they are scientifically attended to.

scarcely scratched. The same holds in the Yalu River Along the frontier of Yunnan district, between Manchuria and Province, which for hundreds of Korea. And, incidentally, these vast miles is coterminous with the Burma timber preserves are important ele- boundary, one could find incalculably ments in the rivalry of Russia and great stores of coal and iron and Japan.

gold and copper. Most of the prov- How many American readers inces have at least fifteen of the know half a dozen important facts most necessary oils and ores and about the Amur River and its tribu- minerals. taries – a vast system of streams Chinese have sustained themselves thousands of miles long, richly all these centuries as farmers by in- stocked with fish, in whose regions tensive cultivation of small garden the most valuable sort of fur-bear- 'plots. Now they are just beginning ing animals are trapped, and which to enter upon the great industrial waters a vast domain, the Asian stage of the future. equivalent of Canada?

Chinese Characteristics ve10us adaptability of the Chinese: 5. Most remarkable of all are the "As a serpent without hands climbs race characteristics of the· Chinese. with the monkey, without fins swims John R. Mott affirms that of the with the fish, without legs runs with thirty nations whom he has visited the panther, so the Chinese, by his and studied, the Chinese have imprest marvelous adaptability, competes with him most of all, combining, as they all races in all lands, takes half a do, all the elements of the conquer- chance that other men despise, and ing, freedom-loving Anglo-Saxon wins." The Chinese is the supreme race-patience, industry, frugality, colonizer. He has more people in steadiness, endurance, cheerfulness, various lands of the Far East than physical virility, fecundity, homoge- are native to those lands. He owns neity, adaptability, mentality. the great hangs and banks, steamship It is of some consequence to the lines and mercantile houses. He has rest of the world that the Chinese is the supreme quality of adaptability.

at home in all climates, can compete He is more acceptable to the largest successfully with the denizens of the variety of women than any other frozen north and the peoples of the man-that is to say, he marries torrid south. As a soldier he re- through the largest number of races; quires less food and will stand more and he energizes every race that he hardships than any other. Four gen- touches.

erations of Chinese are born to our One of the great characteristics of three. Na other race has ever been the Chinese is his power to hang on able to mold the Jew into itself. A part in the presence of seemingly hopeless of the dispersion of the ten Israelitish conditions. As the saying is in the tribes that wandered eastward Far East: "He can live longer on a into that section of China which is copper cash (a coin with a square called Kai Feng Fu and settled there hole in the center and worth one- has become Chinese. No other race fortieth of an American cent)' than has ever, so far, solved the Moham- any other human, and when the cash medan problem, Russia has forty is gone he can live off the hole." This millions of Mohammedans in Central power to endure is only another way Asia. France has sixty million in of referring to him as illustrating Africa. England has eighty million the law of the survival of the fittest, in India. Tho England is a past and explains why he continues to master of subject races, even she can exist with ever-increasing virility do nothing with her Mohammedans while all his ancient contemporaries in the way of amalgamation with have gone ·into mournful oblivion. It other races. As troops, they must is significant to note that those an- have special diet, special food, special cient contemporaries were militaristic, clothing, special wages, ceremonials. armed to the teeth. For instance, the In western China there are millions powerful Egyptians and the Hittites of Mohammedans who have all been fought each other to a standstill, such molded into Chinese. as one seems to see to-day in Flan- There is a famous saying in the ders and northern France, and then Far East with regard to the mar- disappeared out of history. The Chi-

16] CHINA: THE COMING POWER

nese hangs on whichever way he dro11s of water, and like hideous function s, whether in athletics or methods of torture. school life, or in religion. The Chineae Civilization Christian Chinese boys, in the first generation out of heathenism, trained There is 110 space to speak in dein the primary schools of the mud tail of the great civilization of the villages by their missionary friends, Chinese, the solidity, the diversity, in a land where athletics are despised, have gone to the recent far eastern YUAN' SHIH-KAt Olympic games at Manila and there competed against Americans and Eng- Wbo bas signified his purpose to be Emperor of lishmen and Europeans, and won! China and has taken his seat upon the imperial These Chinese boys, out of the first tbrone. (The coronation has not yet taken place) generation of heathenism, trained in mission schools, are continually going the antiquity of it, nor to show in deto strange lands and studying in a tail how when our ancestors, before foreign tongue in universities of those the Gospel was brought to them by lands, and are becoming honor men, the missionaries, were reeking in taking first prize. When President barbarism, the Chinese were highly Eliot was asked how the forty-seven cultured; that when Chinese mer- Chinese boys studying in Harvard chants, drest in elegant brocaded silk compared with the American stu- and satin robes, were sending their dents, he replied that he would have caravans straight westward across the to search through all the hundreds of Asian deserts to trade with ancient American boys to find their equals. Rome, our ancestors were savages clad in skins of wild animals. While An example of how the Chinese functions religiously was the Boxer war. In the dreadful Boxer days they refuted the lie of the unchristian globe-trotter when in the Province of Chili these peasants, the first generation out of heathenism, laid down their lives, more than twenty thousand of them, rather than deny the Jesus God. Recanting was made easy. All they had to do was to bow before the idols or mutter an incantation before an incense stick, or draw a cross on the ground and spit on it. They knew that death would be accompanied by tortures unspeakable, such as the Ling Chi, the death of a thousand cuts, the cutting off of ears and noses, the gouging out of eyes and heart, boiling in great caul-

our English forebears were offering forebears of the Lords of the British human victims taken in war to their Admiralty were hugging the shore- cruel Druidic gods in the recesses of line in willow-woven canoes, the Chi- their oak forests, Chinese emperors nese were guiding their big junks were uttering prayers of singular straight out to sea.

beauty and majesty to Shang Ti, the John W. Foster, our greatest au- one true god; an army of scholars thority on international law, long ad- were making an encyclopedia of hu- viser of the Chinese government, says man knowledge that filled hundreds that in view of their history and of volumes; students were competing achievements no nation, ancient or in civil-service examinations for posi- modern, has stronger claims to be tions of governmental preferment. called a great people, than the Chi- While our Scotch ancestors were nese.

dwelling in caves, eating not only raw In view of all the foregoing, it may flesh, but human flesh, the Chinese, well be understood that Europe and elegant epicures, dwelt in walled cit- Japan believe what Lord Beresford ies, centers of administration, pos- years ago is reported to have said: sessing in their princely homes ele- "Whoever shall find a way t0' domi- gant Cloisonne, bronzes, bric-a-brac, nate China, whether through conces- gardens of many varieties of shrub- sions or by trade supremacy, or by bery and chrysanthemums; the i r force of arms, will find a way to poets, already thirteen centuries old, master the world more completely were writing graceful odes on the than did Rome in her day."

brevity of life and chanting the vir- The Issues at Stake tues of their heroes. Long before our Teutonic ancestors, clad in skins So vast are the issues at stake in of wild animals, were sliding on China for the future that after this their shields down the Italian Alps to war, if the Triple Entente wins, Rus- ravish and decimate and loot and de- sia pressing from the north through stroy all that fair Italy had gathered Mongolia, and England pressing from of the ancient classical civilization; the south through Tibet, will be keen long before they conceived of the rivals for the greatest plum in the idea of the Witenagemot, the council trade world; and Russia and Japan, of freemen, the boasted beginning of keenest rivals despite the present our Anglo-Saxon liberties and of the hypocritical alliance, will continue to ancient town meeting, the Chinese plan war to the knife and the knife to democrats, then as to-day, had a sys- the hilt until one beats down the tem of local self-government adminis- other. If the Dual Alliance wins, tered by village elders chosen for China again will be the great source their fitness. of disturbance, will be the great prize The Chinese invented the printing- for which the Teutons will press type and had great libraries of his- Japan, for the Teutons have served tory, philosophy, ethics, morals, and notice in many forms, "Woe to thee, poetry centuries before Gutenberg Nippon!"

and Caxton were born. They also in- But there are vaster issues even vented the compass, and when the . than all these involved in the future

CHINA: THE COMING POWER

rise of China. Christendom, by its An appalling element of the whole unchristian acts, its attitude of iron- situation is that Christendom, by its heartedness directed against the militaristic policy, has driven the Chi- Orient, and especially toward China, nese to feel that they must base their has caused this great land to seethe safety on militarism, and the amazwith discontent, with an aroused dis- ing spectacle is now seen, contrary to trust and hatred of all these West- the teaching of all the classics, of ern powers. It believes in the disin- Yuan Shih Kai, the President, writing terested friendship of none of them a poem which is now being sent all save alone, possibly, that of the Uni- over China, and taught to the army, ted States. The genius of China is on the glory and the honor of being peaceful. Tho having conquered in a soldier! many wars, China does not look upon itself as a warring nation. Its pride Europe will have only itself to is in its scholars and its sages. It has thank if it causes to develop and to always put the scholar first in the so- emerge from the Far East a vast and cial scale as the molder of the ideals soulless heathen militaristic machine of the people; the farmer second in a able and eager to trample it into social scale as the preserver of the rum. necessities of the physical life; the soldier lowest in the social scale be- Will the United States learn the cause, as the Chinese says, he is a lesson in time, and show the Chinese taker of life. The Chinese say it is what it means to be a big brother, as idiocy to kill a man because you over against what China has been exhave a difference of opinion with periencing of the outrages upon her him, for to kill him settles nothing. of big brigands? If China is not The genius of the Chinese race is evangelized it is possible for her to for peace. In a quarrel they get to- paganize and ruin us. And the gether through a middleman, a peace- American Protestant Church, by the maker. Each concedes something, catastrophe of this world-war, is on and an agreement is arrived at. "Live trial, as never before, not only for and let live." evangelizing China, but, in the man- ful facing of that problem, the sav- ing of its very life.

President Woodrow Wilson, while addressing recently a gathering of ministers, uttered the following strong words about the missionary enterprises in China: When I hear men pleading for the means to introd~ce Christianity into a part of the world now for the first time wakening to the possibilities of the power that lies latent in it, I wonder if it is possible that the imaginations of Christian people will fail to take fire.

This is the most amazing and inspiring vis,ion-this vision of that great sleeping nation suddenly awakened by the voice of Christ. Could there be any greater contribution to the future momentum of the moral forces of the world than could be made by quickening this force, which is being set afoot in China? China is at present inchoate; as a nation it is a congeries of parts, in each of which there is energy; but which are unbound in any essential and active unit, and just as soon as its unity comes, its power will come in the world. Should we not see that the parts are fructified by the teachings of Christ?

Facts About China

the people in China in Leading Chinese affirm that while they rank, joining hands, and are Confucianists, they regard Chris- they will girdle the globe tianity as the chief hope for China. ten times at the equator with living, beating hu- Every great upheaval in China has, man hearts. under the overruling providence of God, Every third child born into the world, been followed by the wider opening of looks into the face of a Chinese mother; doors for the preaching of the Gospel. every third pair given in marriage, plight their troth in a Chinese cup of wine; A province in Manchuria with 1,500, every third orphan weeping through the 000 has only one missionary. In Monday, every third widow wailing through golia 2,000,000 have none. Outer Karan the watches of the night, is in China; province has none. Tibet has 6,000,000 every third person who dies is a Chinese. 1,557 of the 3,033 walled cities of China with none. have as yet no resident missionary. In China there are 2,955 Christian con- Tens of thousands of towns and villages have no center of Gospel light. No gregations, 548 ordained Chinese pastors, province is adequately worked. 5,364 unordained workers, and 470,000 Only one Chines'e man in a hundred, connected with evangelical churches. taking the empire through, can read, and still fewer can write a letter. Of the From some 15 of the most important women, not more than one in a thou- theological schools in China it appears sand can read or write. that during the past year about 450 The Chinese government reports more men have been engaged in preparation than 40,000 schools under its control, for the ministry. These figures are sigand has primary and intermediate grades nificant, because it is upon the Chinese in every province, with total enrolment preachers that the ultimate success of of 1,500,000 students. The mission the country's evangelization depends. schools are said to be far ahead in quality of teaching, and 75 percent. of the Two years ago Bible study in Tientsin text-books used in the government was practically unknown in government schools were prepared by Christians or institutions. Three months after the under Christian supervision. Eddy meetings, out of 545 who had signed cards, 430, or 80 per cent. were studying in 54 Bible classes in the gov- ernment schools, in the Young Men's Christian Associations, and m the churches.

CHINA-OLD AND NEW Old China had an obsolete system of New China has a passion for modern education. education. Old China built pagodas to Buddha. New China builds school houses for Old China traveled by wheelbarrow youth. New China travels by steam and elec- and chair. tricity.

Old China did nothing for centuries New China would do everything up- but hold on. to-date.

Now is our time to help mold China for Christ.

T. Washington, Servant

His Fellow Men – A NEGRO'S VIEW OF THE NEGRO LEADER BY CLEMENT RICHARDSON, TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE, ALABAMA OOKER T. WASH- multiplied his labors in his- efforts 11B1 INGTON'S watchword was "service." He was to bring hope and comfort to the an emancipator to the poor of his race and in pleading toiler in the ditch and their cause before the world, until his arteries hardened and his heart to the woman at the ceased to beat at the age of 56.

washtub. He died in Tuskegee Sun- Those who lived near him, who lent day morning, November IS, 1915. He their energies to lighten his burdens,

TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO think of him, not as dead, but simply stoop as you go through it and you as on a long campaign to enlist aid, will save yourself many a hard to feed 1,500 black boys and girls, thump." Many have blamed Mr. and to provide them with heat, light, Washington for not condemning and means of education. To many, more loudly the outrages against his seen at a distance, Booker T. Wash- race. To have done so at the time ington seemed a good deal of a would have blasted the work he was wizard. To those nearer, he appear- doing. Day by day white men tirove ed as a humble worker, full of native by the institution and snarled. When common sense, with an eye for the the first building was going up at things at hand and with a great Tuskegee, some twenty odd years capacity for hard work. ago, certain men would drive by and make it a point to turn their heads Pitching his tent on a barren spot the other way. They doubted the sinin Alabama, this man, in thirty-five cerity of the enterprise and the adyears, built a million dollar institu- visability of educating Negroes. Dr. tion. How did he accomplish it all? Washington continued quietly and In the first place, he never thought in humbly to do his work. The other terms of failure. He planned care- day at his funeral many of these same fully, read his Bible, prayed in secret, men bent in sorrow over his body, in and then went forth armed from tip company with the boys and girls to toe with confidence in his cause. whose education they had opposed and condemned. In raising $56,000 for current expenses, in putting up new buildings, Booker T. Washington never alin establishing a water system at lowed himself to be humiliated. His Tuskegee Institute, in orgamzmg motto was, "No man shall drag me farmers' conferences, Negro Business down by making me hate him." How Leagues, and in touring states, he often have I seen him move audiences never expected failure and he very with a bit of an anecdote like the folseldom accepted it. lowing: "When I was a boy, I used to love to fight. I loved to get an- Yet with all his success Booker T. other boy down in a ditch and pound Washington remained humble. "My him and pound him. But I soon lad," said Dr. Cotton Mather to Ben- learned that I could not hold him jamin Franklin, "you are young and the world is before you; learn to

BOOKER T

down without remaining in the ditch nips, a sweet potato, an ear of corn myself." and say, "Here's what it means. A man with 500 bushels of the earth's His fixt principles were early im- sweet potatoes is worth $500 of the planted in him from the Bible, of earth's riches." which he was a close student. No matter where he was, he spent a half The farmer would see the point and hour every day reading and meditating the next year would come back with upon the Word of God; and over his more of the earth's riches. body the minister read out of the Bible, which one of his teachers gave His text to men to keep out of him when he was a student at Hamp- debt was, "To him that hath shall ton, and from which all these years be given." he had gained daily food for strength. Most of his addresses in the South Another great principle of Scripwere made to the masses of his ture that he must have absorbed was people, and his talks were usually drawn from the vision of Peter, and based upon Scripture. Tho his ser- the words from heaven: "Call nothmons were not theological, his exi- ing common or unclean." No topic gesis was so unique, and so reason- to him was too commonplace, no able, that it imprest the lessons never work despicable. He looked to the to be forgotten. need only. Who is there that can forget the lesson of the toothbrush, One of his favorite texts in speak- of putting on a nightgown, of taking ing to Negro farmers was "The the old pillow out of the window and earth is full of Thy riches." He putting in a pane, of nailing up the would begin by asking what it meant. fence, of putting. the gate on the Then he would seize a bundle of tur- hinge?

He went a step further and TUSKEGEE INSTITUTE AS IT WAS ON COMMENCEMENT SUNDAY, 1915

preached the need of beautiful sur- the truth of his doctrine. Last April roundings. He added to repairs the it was my privilege to accompany use of whitewash and of paint, of him on his educational tour of flowers, of pictures, of trees, of good ulUisiana. At every place all wished clothes, but without show or osten- to stop him, to shake his hands, to tation. Own your house and farm thank him either for the good he if possible, or failing this, build up, had done them personally or for the repair, and beautify wherever you general good he was doing the are. Thus you will be of service to South. the owner of the property and better fill your place as a worthy and pro- At Alexandria, La., people crowded gressive citizen. about the train, almost stopping its progress. Three of us shouldered Missionaries say that they can our way to the ground, clasped hands best reach the poor natives of foreign and began a fight to the stand on lands after these folk have been fed which he was to speak, about a half and clothed. This was the theory block away. We bucked, we shoulof Booker T. Washington. Correct- dered, cajoled and begged. Behind ing one's surroundings, and beautify- us a small squad of police suring premises were to him processes of rounded Mr. Washington and led Christianity. Moreover, these acts him to the platform. In five ,minlaid the foundation of a broader life utes that solid mass of faces grew of usefulness. He felt that men attentive, then uproarious, then atcould not be whole-hearted Christians tentive, then mobile, then flushed when their clothes were out of with enthusiasm. When it was over shape, and when they were loaded the police squad led him away to a with debts. He often summed it up spot which looked deserted. By the to the Tuskegee students in those time they had put him in an autonever-to-be-forgotten Sunday eve- mobile the crowd had surged about ning Chapel talks with, "I don't see and 10! there was another blockade. how a man can be a good Christian with one suspender on, or with his But, in spite of all this flattery, shoes all dowl1 at the heels." from the best black men, from gov- ernors, from judges, even from As a Public Orator kings and princes in foreign lands, he was never spoiled for the small Orators who draw great crowds audiences. He would plunge into often become spoiled, so that they his message before a cluster of farmcan not arouse enthusiasm to speak ers by the roadside with the same to the two or three. Few men have abandon with which he swayed addrest larger, more enthusiastic: whole multitudes. He was moved audiences than has Dr. Washington. from within by his message, not by For him cities have declared holi- the size of his audiences. The fact days, and railroads have changed is, while he gloried in the great their schedules, that all might hear crowds, he enjoyed going back to the his words. Rich and poor prest rude little churches, to the lonely in to hear what he said and to attest schoolhouses in Macon County, where his school is, and having his

T. WASHINGTON l03

BOOKER T. WASHINGTON SPEAKING DURING THE LOUISIANA TOUR OF 1915 say just as he had done 20 years taurant, in the back of a grocery back. store. The floor of this hostelry was Mother Earth. The dinner was As he accepted any condition with boiled collards and peas and some audiences, so he did with food and of the old lady's home-made pickles, lodging. Noone will soon forget which were put on in his honor. He the tempest caused by his dining with was as much at home,. as happy and Mr. Roosevelt in the 'Vhite House, as courteous, as if he had been in the and with Mr. John Wan:l111aker. White House or sitting at table op- About a year ago, I sat (!;)wn with posite a millionaire. him to dine in a poor woman's res-

He frequently made local tours in failure a disadvantage. Had he done the interval of a trip to the North, or so, he would have addrest few audi- of more extended journeys into other ences in the South. He invariably . states. These tours were the result had an audience of two races, whose of a sort of cry from Macedonia. interests were common, but the dif- After one of his addresses the ap- ference of whose color kept them peal would come from Missi~sippi, at great odds, now, not so great, from Florida, Louisiana, from the thank God! because of his words. Carolinas, from all states where These two races sat there looking Negroes are in large numbers-ex- him in the face-eager, hungry, but cept perhaps Georgia. An organ- each very curious to see what ad- ization, usually the state business vice he would give the other. The league which he himself had been black folk with pride claimed him instrumental in starting, assumed the as their most precious gift. The financial responsibilities. Then town whites sometimes wanted to argue and city business leagues contributed the mixture of blood. His task was so much pro rata. Dr. Washington to weld· these factions, to supplant never allowed a charge for admis- jealousy, misgiving, race antipathy, sion. Sometimes speculators would with a spirit of friendliness and help- slip around and sell tickets, but as fulness toward each other. soon as he heard of it he would stop the thing, even if he had to threaten It was a tremendous and delicate to cancel his engagement. Nearer task. Any moment, with any audi- home he bore all the expense him- ence he might make a slip and set self, or through funds given him. pandemonium agog. Any undue re- Sometimes a special car would be buke of his own race, any over-as- leased and arrangements made with sertion of rights to the whites, and railroads to drop and take on this his very life would have been in car at given points. danger. Yet he said what was needed, and saict it in such a way Now he spoke to from two thou- that men saw the injustice or the sand to five thousand people at nine absurdity of their acts and repented. o'clock in the morning, to an audi- When he wanted to criticise Georgia ence of like size at noon, to another before a mixed audience in Atlanta at 2 or 3 o'clock, to another at night. for spending about ten dollars per The speeches were from an hour to capita on educating white children two hours in length, and he gave all and $1.67 on Negroes, he told them there was of him to the task. Eager that such a distribution argued more faces looked up into his, hungry for natural superiority of his race than Lhe message, and aisles were packed his modesty would allow him to ac- Voices outside were clamoring for cept. When in Birmingham, Ala., he admission, faces were prest against sought to go upstairs in a large office windows, and the world was ex- building and found that the only pecting great things of him. elevator for his race was marked "For Negroes and freight," he said Life on these trips was not easy to the audience, "My friends, that's or without great hardships. Booker mighty discouraging to a colored T. Washington never considered even

T. WASHINGTON

man." They saw the justice of it, tion from contact. Only from meetand the white men, several hundred ing men and discussing freely probstrong, were heard to say, "that's lems common to all, he argued, could right." a clear and friendly relation be es- tablished. How often did he ex- Sometimes on these trips he had claim to audiences all over the South, hard experiences. During a tour "My friends, the best people of each through Florida a mob broke out race never meet. My race comes near him and sought to seize a Negro in contact with the antagonistic memin the jail and lynch him. In Mis- bers of your race, and your race sissippi, during his tour of that state judges us by the type of Negroes they hanged two black men on trees HOW THE NEGRO WASHINGTON INFLUENCED THE NEGRO CROWD Forty carloads of out-of-town people listening to Dr_ Washington at Mo und Bayou, M ississippi near the railroad, apparently that he you get in the courts. Is that just?" might be sure to see them. But he Probably the harshest crhlClsm saw them only with the outward eye. What he really thought of such ever launched against him arose from deeds, how they really affected him, the position he took toward the the· world will know only in part. Negro in politics. Those who In all such cases he attributed the launched this criticism, said flatly violence to ignorance in general, and that he did not want the Negro to to the race's ignorance of each other. vote. They knew not the man_ His panacea for it all was education, Booker Washington was a man of education, education from books, but tremendous faith in the final justice also, and more emphatically, educa- of God and of his fellow men. He saw that, taken for all and all, the

Negro was none too well fitted for eration is a man to serve, the one the ballot. This was so in intelli- which has passed and needs no servgence, in property holding and be- ice, or the one to come whose needs cause of the Negro's prejudices on he does not know? the one hand and those of the white man on the other. What he wanted Booker Washington's adjustment and wore his life out to attain was to the political and racial conditions that the Negro should lay the foun- of the South is the price he paid dation of citizenship first. After for the existence and service of Tuskegee Institute, and for his own PhotOgraDh by the American ,press ASSociation life and service in the South during MAJOR ROBERT R. MOTON the last thirty years. The white people had to get used to Negro Successor to Booker T. Washington as Principal schools and educated colored people. of Tuskegee Institute. Major Moton is a full- They would never have tolerated a Negro school which took for its blooded negro and was born in 1867. propaganda Negro political rights and social justice, no matter how fair this is done, he believed that the that stand might be. Surely in all black man would, through the jus- this Dr. Washington put himself out tice of God and man, come into his of the question, for his talents, his right as a voter. He thought this to be ability to choose and' keep men in ir,evitable. Moreover, as an apostle line, would have made him early one of peace, he was almost forced to of the great political factors of the such a stand, whether his conviction nation. so dictated or not. About the polls were continual riot and bloodshed, "Men tell me," he used to say, sometimes leading to the expulsion "that I have been very fortunate, of large numbers of his race from very successful in life. If that is localities. In this some say he was so, it has depended upon my getting a time-server. Be it so. What gen- other people to do things." In a sense this was the great secret-one sense only, for he was possest with a zeal for work. Certainly it was the secret of his abandon to any great undertaking. He chose men wisely, men who would cheerfully lay down their lives for the cause, and when he went forth he did so with the confidence that affairs at the school, valued tho they were at nearly two million dollars, would be safe and well conducted.

It must be kept in mind; that in addition to educating Negro boys and girls, Booker T. Washington was engaged in demonstrating a bigger and more intricate proposition. It

was that Negroes could do things to whom he submitted all his books, themselves, that they could be his articles, his speeches, his plans, trusted, that they could work one for scrutiny, who sat at his side on with another without more than the the platforms, gave him names of average friction among men. That people and whispered suggestions. he reached the place where he could Indeed, the world will never know leave this immense plant for months just how much of the work of later at a time is a pretty fair demon- years was Scott's and how much stration of this proposition. was Dr. Washington's. Back of these are a hundred men and women When asked near his last day what on the grounds who have been there was to become of Tuskegee, he re- long enough to catch the spirit of plied, "Tuskegee is to go -right on HOW TUSKEGEE IS CHANGING NEGRO SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH Out of the old schoolhouse into the new-Pine Grove, Lee County, Ala.

under the men there,"-under him whose work remains to be car- Warren Logan, who like himself is ried on; and back of these are thoua graduate of Hampton, who for 28 sands of humble black men and years has been Acting Principal in women throughout the republic who Mr. Washington's absence, and who have raised their heads a little furis responsible for the sound finan- ther from the ground because Booker cial standing of the school; under Washington lived, and who will add their mite and their sympathy in Emmett J. Scott, who for 18 years seeing that Tuskegee pushes forward the work for which the man of their has been his confidential secretary as ranks lived and for which he gave well as the secretary of the institu- up his life. tion. It was Scott whom he delegated to go to Liberia in his stead,

China-The Land of

BY THE LATE REV. SAMUEL POLLARD, CHENTU, WEST CHINA Missionary of the United Methodists, 1887·1915 N the years gone by, fore Foreign Devils worship Him." How changed it all is. Those were mI the officials in the days of great uphill work A few Province of Yunnan, of us held a half night of prayer and . where I have spent there came a promise to us that we a quarter of. a cen- should see thousands of people con- tury, were either hos- verted. Before many years there tile or coldly indifferent to Protes- may be a Christian Church in South tant missionary work N ow and West China of half a million memagain a minor official was a friend of bers. When years ago we admitted the Westerner, but we never dreamed two men into the Church in one day in those days of mandarins attending we were greatly elated and rejoiced. Christian services. Now, however, One afternoon recently in one village the highest officers in the Province center alone a hundred and three are frequent1y listening to Christian men and boys and seventy-three appeals and encouraging those under women and girls were baptised. them to follow out the high ideals. In Tali Fu, West Yunnan,_ where A short time ago a mission of ten the Panthay rebels had the seat of days was held in a large city in the their government, about forty years North East of Yunnan and the at- ago, missionaries labored for thirty tendances numbered thirteen thou- years, and did not see thirty consand. The officials, professors in verts. Now the people come in government schools, heads of police, crowds, and on one occasion more and others, nearly all accepted invi- people were baptized than in the pretations to be present, and several vious thirty years. God is giving the made speeches commending the work increase. of the missionaries. The great work among the aborig- In Yunna~ Fu, the capital of the inals spreads like a prairie fire. Not Province, and one of the most beau- long ago some native missionaries tifutly situated cities of the whole of wrote saying they had discovered a China, for thirty years, men and lot of other people willing to receive women missionaries have plodded on Christian teachers and break with with very little success. Now con- the past. They estimated that they versions are frequent, services are had gained "another ten thousand crowded, workers are in good heart converts." and the name of Jesus is highly respected by many who are outside of What is going to be the next move the churches. Years ago in that in this great land of great surpri~es beautiful city, I woke up one morn to where the people are restless and find the legend written across my feeling after some One who stands front door, "Jesus is a Devil, there- at their door and they know it not?

in the

A TRAVELER'S IMPRESSIONS OF PRESENT CONDITIONS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, NEW YORK Author of "Missions and Modern History," etc.

~~:6l~~F a traveler were blind- "'What pleasure can we have to strive folded in Siam and with evil? transported tot h e Philippine Islands and And is there any peace in ever climb- the blind removed he ing up the climbing wave?' might at first doubt "Weare ambitious only to be as whether he had left Siam at all. He we have been. Do not disturb us would see around him the familiar with restless dreams." domestic animals, most conspicuous among them the uncouth but indis- The contrast in the Philippine Islpensable carabao. Paddy-fields, just ands is instantaneous and complete. like those in Siam, stretch about him, Here are eager people, full of life edged with palm trees, skilfully ter- and hope, drinking eagerly at the raced and irrigated and filled at the fountains of new life and energy, same planting season with cheerful cheerful, happy in their greetings, companies of brightly drest village pushing hard against old limitations. folk setting out the rice plants. Many In fifteen years they have swung clear cadences of the native songs sound out of the back eddies of resignation like the strains heard on the streams in which the great mass of the Siaand the roadways in Siam. The mese people are sleeping into the houses of bamboo and nipa thatch, great stream of earnest life and joythe banana-groves, the women's ous effort which sweeps through the skirts, at least in the island of Pa- modern world. It is exhilarating to nay, the sun and the seasons, the come into this atmosphere of freebetel-nut, and, indeed, most of the dom and democratic joy after having outward forms of life might lead a felt the heavy pressure of the weight traveler to wonder whether he had of inert or despairing hopelessness not been led on some long, circuitous which rests on the mainlands of eastjourney which left him still in Siam. ern Asia.

One day's experience, however, It is due to the Roman Church would show that he had passed into and to the Spanish government that conditions differing from those he neither the narcotic influence of Budhad seen as day differs from night. dhism nor the sterility of Islam, nor The spirit of Siam is quiescent, inert. the wayward wastefulness of ani- "What profit can there be in strug- mism has destroyed the spirit of the gle?" it seems to ask. "Did not our Filipinos. They taught the people lord Buddha teach that all desire is to believe in God and in the great perempty? sonalizing and renewing principles of Christianity, and they gave them ele- ments of the ideals of thought and

standards of action which determine American Education the values of life. The American The most remarkable and effective spirit has unreservedly recognized of the agencies which the government this debt of the Philippine Islands to has used has been the new educa- the past and has erected on the sea- tional system. The Philippine public- front looking out over Manila Bay a school system, as its director says, is great monument in which Legaspi, probably the most highly centralized the soldier, and Urdineta, the priest, system in the world, and it is hard stand on either side of a cross, typi- for anyone who has not seen its fying the three great forces which for work, ramifying through all the prov- four hundred years wrought upon the inces of the Islands and rapidly per- spirit of a not unresponsive people. vading the whole body of society, to But when all this has been said, no realize its power. When the Ameri- one can fail to see that it is the ef- cans came to the Islands they found ficiency and unselfishness of the ser- no public-school system. The Roman vice that America has rendered in the Church had its own higher schools, Philippine Islands during the past but the few primary schools in exis- fifteen years which is chiefly respon- tence were negligible. In March, sible for the present conditions. In 1915, there were 3,837 primary these fifteen years the Islands have schools, 3d9 intermediate schools, and made almost as marked progress, in- 41 secondary schools, a total of 4,187, tellectually and economically, as in with a total teaching force of 9,845.

the previous four centuries, and every More than half of all the children of year marks a further advancement im- school age in the Islands were en- measurably greater than the Siamese rolled.

government is accomplishing for a When the schools were first population about equal, but with a opened the people were uninterested governmental revenue more than or suspicious or opposed, now the double that of the Philippines. schools are their most popular insti- Americans have a right to be proud tutions. The first act of the Filipino of the achievement of these fifteen legislature after its inauguration was years. The spirit of a whole people to pass an appropriation for school has been changed from suspicion to purposes. One-fourth of the entire good will, from despair to hope, from budget of the insular government is inequality and privilege to democracy devoted to education. Everywhere the and brotherhood. A national unifica- people freely vote taxes for educa- tion has begun and is rapidly ad- tional purposes and contribute from vancing, not only unchecked but in- their personal funds for the support spired and promoted by the Ameri- of schools and furnish labor and mate- can administration, not only without rials for school buildings. Within a fear but with joy and of set purpose. few years the great mass of the popu- The whole process has been free and lation will have been given a primary living, and guided by moral forces education, so that everyone will be which have made no use of the me- able to read and write. An inter- chanical and militaristic agencies to mediate education will have been giv- which other lands have resorted. en to the substantial middle class of

IN THE PHILIPPINES

the country, and higher instruction jealousy and of tribal strife with gen- will have been provided for those erous rivalry. who are to assume leadership. Industrial instruction has steadily The Filipino people never have changed the viewpoint of the people been a unity. They had no common respecting manual labor, has raised language or literature. But a small the standard of living, improved the fraction of them were able to speak home and home life, taught better Spanish, and while, to this extent, methods of cooking, sanitation and Spanish constituted a bond of union, the care of children, provided voca- it was also an agency of separation tions and developed national re- among the people and of aristocratic sources. No normal pupil is promo- domination. The schools made Eng- ted from a primary or intermediate lish the language of instruction be- grade without participating in indus- cause a common language was es- trial work. Already the effects of sential for national unity, because the schools are apparent in every de- English gave the fullest contact with partment of the life of the people. In . the ideals of democracy and because many provinces men under thirty are it is the commercial language of the no longer seen at the cock-pits, and world, especially of the Far East. every year the revenue from the N ow it is estimated many more peo- licensed cock-fighting diminishes. In ple speak English than ever spoke every province farmers are multiply- Spanish, and a generation is growing ing their tilled areas, having learned up to which English will be the Fili- better methods, and realizing now pino language. The change that has that the old days of insecurity and already taken place is illustrated in oppression are gone. the fact that during the half year ending December I, 1913,4,377 appli- Wherever we traveled through the cants took the civil service examina- Islands in the dozen provinces which tions in English and 490 in Spanish, we visited we attended the schools while six years ago the number tak- and came away with new courage and ing the examinations in English was hope in the remembrance of this 4,223 and in Spanish 1,975, and in great host of eager, responsive, en- the year ending July I, 1914, 2,443 thusiastic young lives drinking in the were examined in English and 3,011 streams of truth and democracy, and in Spanish. dreaming for themselves and for their Islands the great dreams which may The effect of athletics and of in- not always yield the great deeds, but dustrial education in the schools has without which certainly the great been equally remarkable. Clean games deeds can not be. These boys and have brought with them noticeable girls in the high and intermediate improvement in the physical develop- schools constitute· one of the great ment of the people, who stood in opportunities of the evangelical misgreat need of such influences. Sports sions. Wherever these missions have have developed energy, organizing any chapels in the neighborhood of ability, and the faculty of coopera- the schools, a large part of the contion, and have replaced the spirit of gregation is sure to be made up of students. They come from and go

back to the better-class homes, to Cebu look very much like hillside which it has been most difficult thus cornfields in America. Altho nearly far to secure access. Their educa- half the area of the Islands is esti- tion has raised questions in their mated to be forest, we traveled wide- minds which they are not willing to ly through the islands and only evade and which bring them to reli- twice came in touch with the forests.

gious teachers who do not forbid Mindanao alone has, in an area them to think and who are willing to about equal to Holland, Belgium, and lead them forward into the new land Denmark combined, only 626,086 in- of liberty. Within the next ten years habitants, or seventeen to the square tens of thousands of these young mile, while Java, whose physical con- people for whom mere ecclesiastical ditions are similar, has 590 to the authority has no meaning should be square mile. It has the best climate brought into a living faith in Christ. in the Islands, 22,000 square miles The educational achievement of the of forest, and as good grazing last fifteen years in the Philippine ground as can be found anywhere in Islands is vividly seen by comparing the world. If you ask for anything it with the educational system of in the Philippine Islands that you Siam. have not found elsewhere, you are Total Government Siam. Philippine met with the reply, "0, yes, you will Islands. find it in Mindanao." Income ………. $28,070,774 $11,275,074 Thousands from other islands are Devoted to Education $623,499 $2,082,172 moving thither. Whole evangelical congregations from Cebu have re- Total number of 4,187 moved to northern Mindanao. Young 610,519 men from Silliman Institute have schools under the scattered along the north t:oast carry- Department of Public Instruction 394 Pup i I s in the s e Schools ……… 25,486 ing with them the seeds of the new The Siamese government estimates life which they got at Dumaguete.

that there are approximately 2,900 The communities are wide open to local and private schools with 95,000 the Gospel. When the representa- scholars not under the ministry of tive of the Congregational Church to public instruction. Let such schools which Mindanao is assigned in the and scholars be excluded in the Phil- distribution of responsibility for the ippine Islands and included in Siam, evangelization of the Philippines came and the latter would have 3,294 to Cagayan, the governor, treasurer, schools and 120,486 scholars in a presidents, and all the chief officials population about the same as that of welcomed him, calling for a hos- the Philippines. pital, a college, a dormitory, a The land which these young peo- church. After the slaughter in the ple are being trained to develop is a cock-pit Sunday afternoon it was of- far more attractive and habitable and fered for a meeting, at which the homelike land than it is easy for us crowds drank in the words of the in America to conceive. The Islands preacher. The next day the chief are not all swamp and forest and political paper of the city called tropical jungle. The cornfields of upon the people of the province to

give the missionaries their friendship Everyone who longs to see the Ro- and support. Similar doors of op- man Church purified and set free portunity are wide ajar on every must look with sorrow upon it as it side. stands divided and confused among The Failure of Romanilm the havoc which it helped to make The Roman Church had its unhin- and among the mighty forces of dered opportunity for four hundred freedom and hope which are repair- years. I have already borne un- ing that havoc and building in its grudging testimony to some of the stead a structure of truth and lib- good that it accomplished, but it erty.

wrought also much evil and it Evangelical Opportunity showed itself, through its divisions, The present situation offers what its inefficiency, and its despotism, Paul would call "a wide door and ef- incapable of doing alone the work fectual" to the work of the evangeli- which needed to be done. It was cal missions. Fifteen years ago the divided and is divided still. The churches entered this door with zeal friars contended with one another and wisdom. In a spirit not of ex- and with the Filipino clergy, from clusive claim but of distributed re- whom they sought to take away the sponsibility, they divided the task, parochial care of their own people. assigning central and northern Lu- In 1849 only one-fifth, and those the zon to the Methodists, southern Lu- poorest, of the 168 parishes under the zon to the Presbyterians, the Visa- Archbishopric of Manila, belonged yas to the Baptists and Presbyter- to the Filipinos, and this number ians, Mindanao to the Congregation- was steadily reduced, for the decree alists. Later, room was made in Lu- of September !O, 1861, gave power zon for the United Brethren and the to the Reccoletos "to administer the Disciples. The Episcopalians, who parishes of Cavite province and other had begun their work for Americans parishes now under the native clergy and the non-Christian tribes, were as they are being vacated." The led on by the very compulsion of the friars' orders, which are now regain- need to share in the general work ing something of their strength, are for the Filipino people in Manila.

again a source of disunion and con- These determinations of responsi- flict. The Church was and is inef- bility have been of the greatest value.

ficient. One of its own lawyers, as They have secured a far wider evan- well as officials whose business gelization than would otherwise have brought them into relation with it, been possible, and they have minis- told me that they were amazed at its tered to the unification of the people business incapacity and at the losses through the subordination of all de- that it had suffered in consequence. nominational division and the co- No one can look at the present in- ordination of the results of the work effective and misapplied activities of of almost all the missions, not only the Church, missing so much of the in an evangelical union of the work- wonderful opportunity of the present ers, but in a church union of the con- day, without marveling at its want gregations in the one "Evangelical of insight and intelligent direction. Christian Church of the Philippine

Islands." The Church is wofully true and tactful influence which will weak as yet in wholly self-supporting lead them to take Christ into their local units, and there appears to have lives as their living Master.

been temporarily a subsidence of One sees no hope of any self- the zeal and momentum of the first generated movements of religious re- days. "Five years from now," said vival in the Islands. Aglipayanism one of the most intelligent and ener- is disintegrating, and, in the process, getic Filipino leaders, "you will find is passing through a pitiful degenera- that the tide has returned with fuller tion. It began as a great revolt strength than ever. The thought of within the Roman Church, but it rep- the people is concentrated at present resented no vital intellectual or spiri- on political discussion, but within a tual principle. It was a rebellion, few years this will have passed by. not a reform, and it met its death- Policies will have been clearly set- blow when the courts awarded the tled, and will have become under- Church properties to the Roman or- stood. Then, again, the mind of the ganization. A few church-buildings people will turn to the deepest prob- were built. Some of these are still lems and necessities, and multitudes maintained in shabby disrepair. Some both of the older people to whom of the people have returned to their the old religious forms are meaning- old superstitions, and even deepened less, and of the younger people to the fraud and falsehood which they whom they are unreal and untrue, repudiated, as in the case of the and who, believing intellectually in church in Santa Cruz worshiping God and Christ, are still seeking a and making money out of the Vir- vital experience, will turn to the Bi- gin of Malove, which is nothing but ble and to the Church which is not a curiously shaped knot of wood.

afraid to open its pages to the peo- Aglipay himself, under the influence ple and answer the questions which of one of his followers who has dug the people ask." up the remains of Renan, has now But our observation and experience taken up with a charlatan rational- would lead to the conclusion that ism. There is in him and his move- there is no need of waiting for five ment no hope whatever of religious years; that the door is just as wide or moral helpfulness to the Filipino open now as it was fifteen years ago, people.

and wider; that in almost every mu- The spirit of truth and freedom is nicipio and barrio in the Islands borne far and wide over the land to- there are men and women accessible day by men who have come from and waiting; and that nowhere in America or who have been raised up the world is there a richer and more from the Islands, whose sign is not immediate possibility of an evangelis- A. M., the monogram of Ave Maria, tic harvest and of a great molding which takes the place of the figure of of character in individuals and in a the Savior over the altar in some of nation than among the 50,000 stu- the great Manila churches, but A. D., dents enrolled in the intermediate the day of Mary'S Son, and who and secondary schools, who are dead carry not so much cross Dr crucifix, ripe for friendship and for every as the living Christ.

A SERVICE IN THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO

A Wide-Awake Church in Brazil A STORY OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF RIO DE JANEIRO BY REV. ALVARO REIS, PASTOR Few Christians in North America and England know of the strength and influence of some of the Prote~tant churches in South America. It is therefore illuminating to read of the history and manifold activities of this organization which is but a sample of many equally strong and evangelical.-EDITOR.

@}j~~~ll HE Presbyterian Church A church building was erected in of Rio de Janeiro was 1873, with a seating capacity of six organized over fifty hundred, and in the Jubilee year this years ago (on January was enlarged by the addition of a 12,1862) by Rev. Ash- gallery seating 300 people. bell Green Simonton, In May, 1897, when the present the first American Presbyterian mis- pastor took official charge of the sionary to Brazil, who had arrived church, the number of members was in Rio two years and a half before. 585, and in eighteen years the church increased to 1,395 members. In 1897, Two years later, Rev. Jose Manoel the church had one other preaching da Concei<;ao, an accomplished priest station (in the suburbs), while to-day and eloquent orator, who. was c~:m­ there are five (daughters) organized verted from Roman Catholicism, was churches that worship in their own ordained in this church as the first buildings, beside twelve congreganational preacher.

tions, ten of which have no buildings. -for the propagation of the Gospel, In the same period the contributions with a circulation of twenty-five hun- for all purposes have grown from dred copies. $8,000 to $14,000. The activity of the Presbyterian All this work, including the Sun- Church of Rio is indicated by the day-schools in all the churches and organizations at work, which include a Ladies' Aid Society, senior and PASTOR ALVARO REIS junior Christian Endeavor societies, and a normal Sunday-school class. congregations, is directed by mne na.tive preachers and teachers, and This church renders financial asthere is not an American Presby- sistance to much good ~ork in Brazil terian missionary working in all this and to our first missionary station at field of the Presbytery of Rio de Lisbon, in Portugal, opened in 1910, Janeiro-a territory nearly as large during the pastor's visit to that as France. country.

In the Presbytery of Rio de Jan- Fro~ this church. have gone out twelve preachers of the Gospel, and eiro there were received by profes- at present four members are presion of faith in 1914, 431 adults ; paring to preach. children baptized, 504. The Presbytery's contributions for all purposes The Christian Endeavor Society, amounted to $5°,000. after having constructed a nice little chapel for their first missionary sta- The Presbyterian Church of Rio tion in Fontinha (suburb), is consupports its pastor, one assistant structing now a large room for its preacher, and a secretary, who gives meetings in the yard of the Central his principal time to the editing of Presbyterian Church of Rio. This the weekly pap~r, Puritano (Puritan) structure will cost more than $4,000. This society, which is the strongest in Brazil, does good work among the prisoners, explaining the Gospel and giving evangelical tracts; also sends pamphlets by mail to the gentlemen of good social and political position, and occasionally distributes thousands of tracts on the streets.

If we want a strong and living Church it is necessary that every be- liever should read his Bible daily, as well as some evangelical book; that he should pray fervently; do his daily work honestly and diligently; that in every place, by his life and words and by evangelical efforts, he should do something daily for the advancement of the ;Kingdom of God; that he have

A WIDE-AWAKE CHURCH IN BRAZIL II7

some special work in the church, and nificant member or organ of the body that he contend constantly against the does not go well-good health disiniquity of this world, against the re- appears and sickness comes with its' ligious indifference, against the social sufferings and tears. My greatest corruption, against the superstition, efforts as preacher and pastor, and idolatry and fetichism of the Roman my purpose before God are that the worship, against the heretical doc- Holy Spirit may move all the hearts trines of the modern spiritualists and of the members of the Presbyterian their medical charlatanism. Finally, Church of Rio to do daily some work GARDEN IN INTERIOR OF EVANGELICAL HOSPITAL, RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL he must strive for the animation of for Christ and his Church. But all all the lukewarm believers who for- my efforts can not reach all the memget their church and that the great- bers. Oh, there are yet so many beest privilege in the world is to co- lievers that do nothing visible or peroperate with Christ in leading souls ceptible in favor of the Christian from the darkness to the light of the cause! In the meanwhile I will con- Eternal Life and Love of God. tinue in this effort as much as pos- sible through my sermons, prayers In the Church, the body of Christ, and conversations. The Evangelical all the believers have some particular, Church in Brazil is growing in numindividual and proper function to per- bers and power. form. When even the most insig-

America and the

BY BISHOP HOMER C. STUNTZ, BUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA Methodist Episcopal Bishop of South America ~~:i?2~~N at least five ways city. Merchants, contractors,' labor- the war in Europe in- ers-every activity of Argentina is jures missionary work led or well-near led by Italians. The in South America. Spanish speech of the port is taking 1. It drains our con- Italian forms, and that not with an gregations of young accent here, and a pronunciation there, but in the very warp and woof men. Immigration has brought mil- of the language itself. Belgians have . lions from nearly all parts of Eu- come to South America in far great- er numbers than I had supposed be- rope, and has flung them out over fore going there. They have a good- the wide spaces of the southern con- ly representation right over the whole tinent. Almost every race on the land. The French have found that far side of the Atlantic has made its part of the western world a conge- contribution. They have come seek- nial home, and have come in goodly ing the larger life of the young na- numbers, particularly for commercial tions where economic opportunity ends. joins with the spice of adventure so loved of all youth, and the stream Furthermore, it must not be for- has run almost bank-full during the gotten that this immigratiQnal stream last two or three decades. Germans is a comparatively new on"e.~· While practically dominate Southern Bra- Spain held her grip in South Ameri- zil. The southern end of Chile is ca, laws and administrative effort filled with sturdy sons and daugh- were centered in an attempt to keep ters of the same Fatherland. Eng- that land of Spain for Spaniards lish and Scotch and Welsh, not to only. Immigration was not only not omit the Irish, are there, particular- sought after; it was inhibited under ly numerous in the Argentine, where pains and penalties which Spain nearly all the railway lines are fi- could be. trusted to invent and ap- nanced by British capital. By hun- ply better than any nation which had dreds of thousands the British have not been learning cruelties from the made South America their home, and Moors for seven bloody centuries. have flourished exceedingly in their When Bolivar and San Martin and new and roomy habitat. Italians their companions in arms did for all have come in far greater numbers parts of that continent what W ash- than any other Europeans. They ington and his fellow soldiers did have flocked into Brazil and Argen- for our United Colonies-freed them tina, particularly, and to such an ex- from foreign control-it was half tent has this gone on that Buenos a century before the leaders of the Aires is almost as much an Italian ten republics into which they broke as a Spanish or purely Argentine up awakened to a full sense of their won them for Christ. This they have need of that enrichment of national done, and in center after center men life which European immigration from the embattled nations have bewould bring them. Then their early come members, and, in many cases, efforts were hindered for lack of leaders in our churches. The loss of proper publicity, and immigrants these men has injured mlSSlOn have never been as free to go there churches from Peru to Valdivia on as to come to this favored land. For the West Coast, and from Punta never before in history has there Arenas to the last port in Brazil on been a heavy race movement from the East Coast. And by far the north to south. These, as Mr. Ben- larger number will never return! In jamin Kidd points out in his sug- this lies the full meaning of this gestive book, "The Control of the form of our suffering from the mon- Tropics," have moved from east to ster war. west on either side of the equator, but have not crossed it in racial mi- Financial Troubles grations. Unsettled conditions of government, and religious intoler- 2. It deprive~ 1tS of the means of ance united to keep the flood at a self-support. Not only in our minimum, and what these forces schools, but in direct evangelistic and lacked was supplied in a vicious sys- pastoral work, the missionary activitem of land ownership, shutting the ties of that part of the world are small farmer from opportunity to carried on by means of the contribuget a home of his own. Due to all tions of members on the field to an these causes, and more which I will extent which would come as a comnot even specify, the immigrants in South America are nearly all of the plete surprize to many a: supporter of first gene.ration 'from their own lands. By far the larger number missions. In the Argentine and U ruhave come since they can remember, guay, for example, in the work and the bearing of it all on the mat- which I am attempting to direct for ter before us is that there were tens the Methodist Episcopal Church, the of thousands of men there when the free-will offerings of the members war broke out who were either im- and friends the last year before the migrants themselves, or sons of im- war was equal to the entire appromigrants, tho born in the lands of priation made by the Church in Europe, and neither father nor sons North America, Several of the naturalized in the land of their adop- churches have been entir<;:ly selftion. They were liable for military supporting for years, and the produty, and answered and are answer- cess was going on in a most gratifying the call to their national colors ing fashion until we were struck by in thousands and tens of thousands. this red horror of war. The injury is great in the matter of financial Now the missionaries at work in support, and the longer the slaughter South America would have been re- and the reckless destruction of miss in their duty had they not wealth goes on, the greater must be sought out these sons of Europe and the harm and loss.

How this can be done is not plain without thinking briefly of the re- lations which exist between South

America and Europe. It does seem The terrific destruction of capital puzzling and bewildering when one which was exacted from the first is told that a boarding-school in Bo- belching of cannon to the present_ livia is forced to shut part of its hour has goaded European capitalists work, and its very existence is im- into the most desperate attempts to perilled by a war in Europe! It get their scattered resources in hand only calls attention to the interlock- at the earliest possible moment.

ing of interests which has gone on Therefore, in the face of a series of since steam and electricity "made the years of poor harvests due to drouth world a neighborhood." It is one or floods, and in the very midst of more comment on the truth uttered large projected plans for public im- by Scripture-HN0 man liveth unto provements in nearly all parts of the himself." several nations, with coffee and rub- Being Latins, and harking back to ber both falling in price, and the European ancestry, European ideas stress of financial depression already rather than those from North Amer- crowding down national and com- ica, they have done their selling, their mercial intake, merchants and rail- buying and borrowing and banking, way financiers and national leaders in' Europe! The economic rootage have been called upon for the prompt of the southern continent is in Ger- payment of vast sums as fast as they many, in England, in France, in Bel- f'ell due, where they had confidently gium. Capital for huge government- hoped to extend times of payment, al loans in those republics comes and borrow yet more heavily until'

southwest and not south. It is their troubles blew over. All this European. Until last November makes itself felt right up and down there was not one bank in South the line of national life. Interest America that we ever found that rates go soaring. The small mer- would either cash a dollar draft or chant must square his accounts with sell a draft in terms of our currency. the wholesaler whether he can do so All the flow of business between or not! The farmer can not secure South America and North America the loan he needs to buy seed for the poured through Berlin or London or next crop. The mine owner is cramp- Paris. By far the larger share of ed and must dismiss his force. And their exports went to European mar- in the last analysis all this economic kets, and little besides farm machin- pressure reaches the missionary, and ery and mining machinery sent to the cuts off the support for the day- and West Coast and Brazil, and National boarding-schools in which youth were Cash Registers and "Walkover" shoes, being taught the ways of true relig- were bought in the United States. ion, and shuts off the contributions The war has hit the entire contin- which had made possible the rental ent so hard that business interests of a hall and the payment of a are staggering or prostrate. This meager salary to a national pastor has come about in two ways. First, who was gathering scores to hear the repayment of governmental and com- Word of God.

mercial loans has been abruptly de- Second, exports and imports have manded by the European lenders. been practically stopt in some dis-

AMERICA AND THE WAR

tricts, with all the wreckage of busi- for letters home, not to purchase ness that follows in the wake of such mediCines for the sick. With their a sudden shutting off of the steady income from students divided by at streams of income from millions of least five, and their support from the. people. Take Bolivia as an example, government entirely suspended, they and as one of the nations which is needed no convincing that the war suffering most heavily. Mining is interfered with missionary work in the industry by which Bolivia lives. South America. The Board is sup- Her mineral wealth is vast, and she plementing their income temporarily, manufactures nothing. Nearly 70 but the heroic force holds on with per cent. of the governmental rev- splendid courage. They should have enue comes from high export duties our prayers and our love. on ores of various kinds, tin being one of the principal products. In a In the nitrate fields of Chile, and day all export, all cabled orders for throughout the northern part, there export, and all correspondence about is distress little short of that which export stopt! What happened? Mines has reigned in Belgium. In all that were either shut down or went on desert country for fifteen hundred with reduced forces and under gov- miles there is never a shower of ernment aid. With the first firing, rain, and the one industry by which the ships of belligerents were either the cities live is mining of nitrate interned in neutral ports where they and copper. Here the same results happened to be, or captured by one followed which have been. described enemy vessel or another. above. Our mission school for boys at Iquique lost thirty of its fifty How did this effect missionary boarders in the first month after war work? Vitally. Patrons of mission was declared. Day pupils were alschools in La Paz and Cochabamba most all withdrawn. But for help faced utter poverty. They were from North America the mission forced to withdraw their sons from schools could not have been kept up. the schools. Governmental aid had been generously given to these insti- Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil tutions because of the excellence of feel the effects of the ~ar keenly. the work they were doing for the But one who passes from nation to youth of the land. But govern- nation as it has been my duty to do mental income practically ceased with during recent months sees that they the opening of the war. are suffering far less than West Coast countries. They get millions We have over twenty selected of pounds of frozen meats away college and university graduates to Europe by single steamers. They working in those two schools, and send immense loads of horses to feed . so pitiless has been the pinch of the the cannon and machine guns of a situation created by the war in Eu- hundred shambles of war. They exrope, as certainly as tho the firing port less than usual; but the stream had been done in their own streets, does not at any time entirely dry up. that these men and women had no From all these causes our work in salaries for months, and more than the various churches will receive a once had not money to buy stamps decided check this year, and while

the war goes on. Supporting Boards of toil in the name of the Christ, must reckon with this fact, and not such hellish forces seem to control expect the impossible. the world. It is a time to try men's Mental Distraction souls, and we feel it among widely separated workers and among im- 3. It preoccupies the public mind. mature Christians on the mission Public sympathy is strongly inclined field most acutely.

to the side of the Allies. But the 5. It embitters strong races among heavy German population of parts of whom 'we wMtld win souls. How the countries makes its own view intense this bitterness becomes may strongly felt, and the public mind is be understood in part could I right- so preoccupied with the wrangling fully tell the inner workings of mis- in community groups, the conflicting sionary administration, particularly in deliverancies of newspapers, and the its personnel. Germans will not go wild rumors and reports from day to to hear an Englishman preach. Eng- day, that it is only natural that at- lishmen refuse to accept the pastoral tendance should fall off at the labors of German pastors, no matter churches and chapels, and that those how discreet and restrained their who do come are not as open to the utterances. Members of the same influences of the preaching as they official groups in local churches re- were before this distracting and hor- sign, and even revile one another rible nightmare filled all their think- openly. Entire sections of com- ing by day and wakened them at munities become enraged at each night from dreams of carnage and other, and prayer-meetings are in- sudden drownings at sea. jured, and public services thin down 4. It saps the courage of many. to a handful, and Christ is wounded They say, "What is the use?" They at the hands of those who should be feel benumbed. They see a continent His friends. There is no racial feel- where religious influences have been ing so strong as that of the colonial, at work for all the centuries since the citizen away from his home land.

Christ came. There Paul and Au- He idealizes the land from which he gustine, Calvin and Knox, Luther has been absent just long enough to and Wesley lived and ~aught and soften all his impressions of its fail- wrought mightily for the righteous- ings, and throw up into strong re- ness which is the goal of the King- lief all the advantages and glories dom, nay, the Kingdom itself. And of loved scenes and dear associations that is the continent which has blazed and a boasted past. The entail of into an unrighteous war, the most hate seems more unchristlike to me terrible and merdless of which his- even than the wounds and piled up tory gives us any knowledge. There terrors of the battlefields. Christ de- can be no doubt that much of the mands love, even of enemies. We see visible lack of prayer and zeal in bitter hatred, and can only speak our mIssIonary circle" in South plainly of its unchristlike character, America in recent months has come and pray that it may be swallowed up from this dumb feeling of di ,cour- of the deeper iove of Christ our agement that after so many centuries Master and King.

Shih Kai and the

BY REV. E. w. THWING, PEKING, CHINA Oriental Secretary of the International Reform Bureau 1~~m.:s……'Iti1JIAST year a beautiful troubles come upon the world, and Bible was given to times of danger. Men make plans, President Yuan Shi but we know that all things depend Kai, but he said that upon Heaven (God). he had not time to read it, and gave the Last year I read how Your Excel- lency sacrificed to Heaven on behalf volume to his son. Recently, how- of the nation. But from ancient ever, he has devoted some time times the burnt sacrifice has a deeper daily to the Ancient Sages. As he meaning than· is often seen. We has not time to go through the books should seek to know the true reason himself, he has directed some of his for God's ancient law. Councilors to make selections for his use. As your Excellency is now read- ing selections from the wisdom of the Not long ago, by special appoint- ancient Sages, I ask that you may ment of the President, I secured an also read some selections from the interview with the Chief of Cere- "Save-the-world Classic," the book mony, and suggested that the Presi- that tells of God's purpose, and that dent might be greatly helped in the is as a light in world darkness. This affairs of State by reading the Bible. book has been known and read by The fact was mentioned that men great men of all ages. like Abraham Lincoln and President Wilson found much help in reading President Wilson, of my own the Bible, as one of the world's most country, finds in this book daily ancient books, and full of the Wis- guidance and help. I have prepared dom of God. a few selections of subjects of pres- ent interest for your Excellency's The Chief of Ceremony agreed perusal. If it is your Excellency's that the President might well in- pleasure, at a latter day I will preclude this book with the other ancient pare other selections. classics, but that at present he read only documents. The Chief of The Unchangeable Word of God Ceremony suggested that selections from the Bible might be put in the I. ANCIENT KINGS RECEIVED form of a document, and that he would then see that the President GOD'S MESSAGE. read them. In the "Li Chi" it is said: "the In harmony with this suggestion Ancient Kings received the decrees the following documents were pre- of God and were able to rule the pared and sent to President Yuan. people." "To lose them is death, to gain them is Iife." To the President: When the Great Doctrine is lost The Bible has given God's law in fuller detail. Nate the following: "God spake all these 'Words saying",·

(then follow the Ten Command- wickedness must bring punishment. ments. Exodus 20). A nd I will punish the world for Those who keep God's Command- their evil, and the wicked for their ments will have great blessing. iniquity,' and I will cause the arro- gancy of the proud to cease, and will And it shall come to pass, if thou lay low the haughtiness of the ter- rible. (Isaiah 13: II.) shalt hearken diligently unto the voice of tihe Lord thy God, to ob- 4.' PRIDE OF MAN BRINGS DESserve and to do all his commandments which I command thee this TRUCTION. day, that the Lord thy God will set thee on high above all nations of the The rulers of Europe have become earth. proud. This brings the punishment of God. It was so in ancient Baby- And all these blessings shall come lon and Egypt. on thee, and overtake thee, if thou shalt hearken unto voice of the Lord The great King of Babylon was thy God. the greatest at that time but God took away his throne for pride: If men disobey God's Law, trouble and sickness come. A t the end of twelve months he walked in the palace of the kingdom If thou wilt not observe to do all of Babylon. the words of this law that are written in this book, phat thou mayest fear The King spake, and said, Is not ~his glorious and fearful name, THE this great Babylon, that I have built LORD THY GOD: for the house of the kingdom by the might of my power, and for the Then the Lord will send plagues honor of my majesty? on thy seed, even great plagues, and of long continuance, artd sore sick- While the word was in the king's nesses of long continuance. mouth, there fell a voice from heaven, saying, 0 king Nebuchad- 2. MEN FORGET GOD'S LAW. nezzar, to thee it is spoken,' Thy kingdom is departed from thee. Confucius said: "The Great Doc- (Dan. 4: 30 -3 1 ). trine has become hidden," and he sighed. And because of the majesty that God gave him, all people, nations, The Prophet Isaiah of the Bible and languages, trembled and feared said: before him: whom he would he sle'lu; and whom he would he kept alive; Because thou hast forgotten the and 'whom he would he set up" and God of thy salvation, and hast not whom he would he put down. been mindful of the Rock of thy strength, therefore shalt thou plant But when his heart was lifted up, pleasant plants, and shalt set it with and his mind hardened in pride, he strange slips. (Isaiah 17: 10.) was deposed from his kingly throne, and they took his glory from him. 3. CAUSE OF THE WORLD'S WAR. (Daniel 5: I9, 20.) Many kings and people have forgotten God's truth and love and now 5. GOD IS KING OF ALL THE follow selfishness. This brings the wars and world unrest. (Matt. 24: EARTH. 6.) There is no other way for sin, and But the Lord is the true God, he is the living God, and an everlasting

SHIH KAT AND THE BIBLE 12

King; at his wrath the earth shall Now, therefore, 0 Lord, our God, tremble and the nations shall not be I beseech thee, save thou us of his able to abide his indignation. hand, that all the kingdoms of the Thus shall ye say unto them, The earth may Imow that thou art the Gods that have not made the heavens, Lord God, even thou only. (2 Kings and the earth, even they shall perish 19: 15-19.) tram the earth, and from under ~hese And there came a great deliverance heavens. from God.

He hath made the earth by his Therefore thus saith the Lord con- power, he hatfJ, established the world cerning the king of Assyria. He by his wisdom, and hath stretched shall not come into this city, nor out the heavens by his discretion. shoot an aj'row there, nor come be- (Jeremiah 10: 10-12.) fore it with shield, nor cast a bank 6. GOD IS ABLE TO SAVE IN TIME against it.

OF TROUBLE. By the way that he came, by the Behold, God is my salvation; I will same shall he refurn, and shall not trust, and not be afraid: for the come into this city, saith the Lord.

Lord JEHOVAH is my strength and For I will defend this city, to save my song,' he also is become my sal- it, for mine own sake and for my vation. servant David's sake. (2 Kings. 19: Therefore with joy shall ye draw 32 -34.) water out of the wells of salvation. 8. GOD IS ABLE TO GIVE WISDOM (Isaiah 12: 2, 3.) TO A GREAT RULER.

7. FORMER KINGS ASKED Gon. Solomon was the most famous king The ancient king of Judah prayed of ancient Judah. He asked God for when in trouble. wisdom and guidance.

And Hezekiah prayed before the And Solomon said, Thou hast Lord, and said, 0 Lord God of shewed unto thy servant David my Israel, which dwetrest between the father, great mercy, according as he cherubim, thou art the God, even walked before thee in truth, and in thou alone, of all the kingdoms of righteousness, and in uprightness of the earth; thou hast made heaven and heart with thee; and thou hast kept earth. . for him this great kindness, that thou Lord, bow down thine ear, and hast given him a son to sit on his hear: open, Lord, thine eyes, and throne, as it is this day.

see: and hear the words of Senna- And no'W, 0 Lord my God, thou cherib, which hath sent him to re- hast made thy servant King instead proach the living God. of David my father: and I am but Of a truth, Lord, the kings of a little child: I know noV how to go Assyria have destroyed the nations out or come in.

and their lands. A nd thy servant is in the midst of A nd have cast their gods into the thy people thou hast chosen, a great fire: for they were no gods, but the peoplc, that can not be numbered work of men's hands, wood and nor counted for multitlude.

stone: therefore they have destroyed Give therefore thy servant an Ihem. understanding heart to judge thy

people, that I may discern between persun, and upholding all things by good and bad: for who is able to the word of his power, when he had judge this thy so grea~ a people? (I by himself purged our sins, sat down Kings 3: 6-9·) on the right hand. (Hebrews I: 1- His prayer was answered. 3·) A nd God gave Solomon 'Wisdom 11. CHRIST THE SAVIOR DIED AND and understl(lnding exceeding much, and largeness of heart, even as the ROSE AGAIN. sand that is on the sea shore. The story of the Gospel is of Christ And Solomon's wisdom excelled the wisdom of all the children of the Son of God who came to save the east country, and all the wisdom and teach men. He died on the of Egypt. (I King 4: 29,30.) Cross, was buried and rose again, and 9. GOD IS A SPIRIT THE FATHER He is the Hope of the world to-day. OF MEN. Have we not one father? (Malachi But now is Christ risen from the 2: ro.) dead, and become the first fruits of But the hour cometh, and now is, them that slept. when the true worshipers shall worship the Father in spirit and in For since by man came death, by truth: for the Father seeketh such man came also the resurrec~ion of to worship him. the dead. God is a Spirit: and they tha~ worship him must worship him in spirit For as in Adam all die, even so and in truth. (John 4: 23, 24.) in Christ shall all be made alive. 10. How DOES GOD SPEAK TO (I Corinthians, IS: 20-22.) MEN? And inasmuch as if) is appointed God spoke to the ancient prophets unto m£!n once to die, and after this of old. He spoke to Moses, the ser- the judgment; so Christ also, having vant of God. He made known His been once offered to bear the sin's will which we find in the Bible. of man)', shall appear a second time, apart frmn sin, to them that wait for For no prophecy ever came by the him, unto salvation. (Hebrews 9: will of man: but men spake from 27, 28.) God, being moved by the Holy Spirit. (2 Peter I: 21.) 12. JESUS THE MEDIATOR. Jesus thu3 become the one medi- But afterward He sent His Son ator, or "middle man" between God into the world. and man. He shows the true way to God. God, who at sundry times and in F or there is one God, ood one divers manners spake in time past mediator between God and men, the unto the fathers by the prophets. man Christ Jesus; TVho gave himself a ransom for all, to be testified in due H atk in these last days spoken unto time. (I Timothy 2:5, 6.) tlS by his Son, whom he hath ap- 13. THE MEANING OF SACRIFICE. pointed heir of all things, by whom It was the death of Jesus on the also he made the worlds,' cross that became the great Sacri- fice. All others pointed to this. From Who being the brightness of his the earliest times of Yao and Shun, glory, and the express image of ms men have offered the blood of sacri- fice to God for their sins. The blood

SHIH KAI AND THE BIBLE

of oxen and sheep could not save throttghout all the coasts of Judea, men, but they showed to men the and then to the Gentiles, that they need of a Savior. The book of should repent and turn to God, and Hebrews explains how Jesus became do works meet for repentance. (Acts the great Lamb of God, a sacrifice 26: 18-20.) for the sins of the world. These things were preached before But Christ having come, a high kings and they were moved by the priest of the good things to come, truth.

through the greater and more perfect For the King knoweth of these tabernacle, not made with hands-that things, before whom also 1 speak is to say, not of this creation,—-not freely; for 1 am persuaded t'hat none yet through Vhe blood of goats and of these things are hidden from him; calves, but through his own blood, tor this thing was not done in a entered in once for all into the holy corner.

place, having obtained eternal re- King Agrippa, believest thou the demption. (Hebrews 9: II, 12.) prophets? I know that thou believest.

His blood alone can save men from Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Al- sin and give Eternal life. most thou persuadest me to be a 14. THE LIGHT OF THE WORLD. Christian. (Acts 26: 26-28.) Jesus is the world Savior. He is IS. FAITH IS THE POWER OF GOD not for one nation of people, but for TO SALVATION.

all men. He is the light of the The Heavenly Gospel is for all.

world. He comes to the people of Anyone high or low may receive every nation. God's grace. It is only necessary to To open their eyes, and to turn believe in His word, for it is the them from darkness to light, and power of God.

from the power of Satan unto God, For 1 am not ashamed of the that they may receive forgiveness of Gospel of Christ: for it is the power rins, a,nd inheritance among them of God tlnto salvation to everyone which are sanctified by faith in me. that believeth; to the Jew first, and Whereupon, 0 king Agrippa, 1 also to the Greek.

was not disobedient unto the heavenly A letter from the President's Sec- vision. retary reports that the President has But shewed first unto them of read the selections and sends his Damascus, and at Jerusalem, and thanks.

~–~~– -~– CHINESE PROVERBS SELECTED BY THE REV. W. D. HUDSPETH 1. If one does not learn in youth, what fountain-be mindful of the source of your will one do when old? benefits.

2. Do not be afraid of going slowly, 9. Time flies like an arrow, days and but of standing still. months fly like a weaver's shuttle.

3. Regard righteousness as gain. 10. Wealth is as dross, righteousness is 4. Hurried men lack wisdom. worth untold gold. 5. If you do not scale the mountain you can not view the plain. 11. To rise betimes, means full iIIumin- 6. The instructor leads to the door, but ation; to rise too late, means nought but perturbation. aptitude rests with the individual. 7. Man propo~es, Heaven disposes. 12. The door of the law-courts is always 8. When you drink water think of the open, but if one only has right and has no money, one must never enter.

and Priests In Tibet *

BY MR. R. CUNNINGHAM, TAKUTANG, CHINA Missionary of the China Inland Mission { Co";"· "' lBETANS pray and pray (the highest deity in lamaistic philos- ophy) is accessible at all times and in T ~, without c.easing-by day all places. } and by night. They pray eve r y w her e, util- Tachienlu, West China is a city of izing everything mov- temples. There are eight such edifices able and immovable, in in different parts of the city, reprethis one act of devotion. The gentle senting five different sects, the most breeze waves their prayer flags in the popular being the "Ni-ma" or Red sect; air; the mountain stream revolves their the most influential the "Geluba," or Yelcumbersome prayer wheels; the sacred low sect. From early morning till late oil forever keeps alive the voice of pray- at night prayer is offered in some form er. The traveler notes the fact that the in all these temples. Assisting them in Tibetans are a praying people. The their worship they have several different roads, especially the entrance to the vil- kinds of instruments, the most conspiculages, are literally strewn with prayers; ous being the trumpet, drum, bell, and streamers hang from tree to tree and cymbal. Every Tibetan house has its house to house. In gaily different colors own private temple with a number of they flutter across the rivers. Bridges private lamas. Thus from palace, home, are literally pasted with paper prayers. and temple the voice of prayer is never Rock and cliffs are carved and chiselled silent. with the sacred inscription, "Om mani pad-me hum" ("0 Jewel in the lotus"). The priestly population may be divided One never passes a caravan without into three classeS'. First, the lama or hearing some Tibetans in it mumbling ordained priest, who has made the long their prayers. journey to Lhasa and there received The Tibetan needs no muezzin to call ordination from the Dalai Lama or some the hour of prayer; dawn finds him well other high dignitary. Second, the through the first act of devotion. If "draba," or unordained priest, who hopes the alacrity of his prayers proves any- some day to visit Lhasa; and third, the thing, it proves his willingness at least "ameho," or private lama, who has to pray. Leisurely he can utter 400 neither desire nor ambition of ever seewords a minute. Nothing but the eating ing the sacred city. Another may be of food will keep' a Tibetan from pray- added, namely, the "chang-cha-ba." This ing. No matter how stormy the elements latter is seldom met, tho there are one or may be, he still goes on repeating the two in Tachienlu. They have accumuwell-worn phrase, "Om mani pad-me lated unlimited merit and have made hum." Traveling across a grassy plateau heaven with all its joys and happiness an or over a high snow-bound pass he would absolute certainty. much rather pray than indulge in coarse banter. Every Tibetan prays and prays The lama, or ordained priest, is a repersonally; he does not leave his spiritual spectable, wealthy, well-fed, well-clad welfare in the hands of the lamas person. He spends his life almost wholly (priests). He believes that Kun-cho in the temple, accepting engagements only from the very wealthy Tibetan families. Having visited Lhasa and • From West China Missionar;,l N~w•• . been received by the Dalai Lama, or hired to carry them and to produce even "Panchen-im-bo-che," his prayers are the faintest sound requires no small more efficacious, a fact very evident from amount of breath. A number of drabas the price he charges for reading them. reading their sacred books gives added interest to the procession. But the most For one day's service he receives the conspicuous part is the carrying of the sum of one rupee (33 cents), not in- clay figures by a number of dirty, ragged clusive of food and wine. To many beggars. The dress and demeanor of wealthy families he acts as family priest, these beggars make them unable to ap- family physician, and family advisor. If preciate the religious significance of the he has great influence in a home, noth- occasion and therefore deprive it of ing is done without his permission or much of its solemnity. They are paid sanction. to carry the clay figures and other im- pedimenta of the procession, the re- When the King of Chala was in ligious interest of which is no concern trouble a number of wealthy lamas were of theirs. invited to his palace to read prayers. After the usual divining and casting of On arrival outside the North Gate the lots, it was divined that the cause of his priests form a semicircle, in the center impending calamity was due to the fact of which they place the clay figures. that many evil spirits had taken up their After some more blowing of trumpets, abode in his palace. To avert the ca- beating of gongs, and reading of prayers, lamity, the evil spirits must be removed a lama lifts the clay figures above his in the following manner : For ten days head, pronounces the doom of the evil there assembled in the large open court- spirit, then dashes them to the ground. yard of the palace a large number of A number of smalI boys, who miss the lamas, drabas, and amchos. In the cen- sacredness of the performance, rush in ter of this large assemblage were placed and pick up the head-gear and dress of anumber of small clay figures into which the figures, scrambling for the most they hoped to induce the evil spirits to coveted partS', while the priests rend the enter. To this end a number of ap- air with their guns, gongs, and trumpets. petizing dainties were placed in front This religious procession is' known in of them. At a given sign from the Chinese as song kuei, i.e., escorting the diviner a number of guns were fired, in- evil spirits. dicating that the evil spirits had taken up their abode in the figures. The as- The draba is a lesser Buddhist light semblage then formed into a long pro- than the lama, Not having made the cession and marched outside the North pilgrimage to Lhasa, he has not the Gate. power and influence Df his superior in the religious order. His services, none This religious procession is one of the the less, are very much in demand. As most interesting and truly grotesque the draba gives his humble services for sights to be seen anywhere in Tibet. the modest sum of 100 cash (six cents) The procession is over two hundred per day, he is therefore much in demand yards long and marches the whole length among poorer classes of people. Who-' of the city. The most important per- ever invites him to read prayers, feeds sons in it are several mounted lamas, him; his 100 cash he spends in wine. drest in their long monastic robes. For his night's shelter he trusts to some FolIowing the lamas are a large number friendly poor who may be in his debt for of drabas, playing various instruments prayers read but unpaid for. The draba and producing alI kinds of sounds. Two is an easy-going, good-natur~d t,,,,iul;:. priests blow tremendous trumpets ten whom nothing disturL~ aud nothiul;: per- feet long, a number of coolies being

1Jb tHE MISSIONARY REV1EW OF THE WORLD (F'ebruary

plcxes. His life motto seems' to be: flat on his body and while thus pros- "Sufficient unto the day is the evil there- trate makes a mark on the ground with of." Like every other Tibetan, his dress is his hand. He then rises, takes three quite protean and therefore very service- steps to this mark and then prostrates able. It is his wearing apparel by day, himself again. This he does every step his priestly garment when reading pray- of the way between his home and Lhasa, ers, and his bedding by night. taking three years to make the journey. To accomplish such a feat, great physical The amcho is the lowest order in the endurance is necessary. Three reasons Buddhist rank. In Tachienlu, at least, he are given for such an extraordinary pilis a most disreputable and irreformable grimage. First, to atone for some great character. In habits he is lazy and dirty; sin committed in the past; secondly, to in manners insolent and trucculent; in obtain great merit and influence as a appearance shabby and penurious. The lama; and, thirdly, to make the obtainhigh ethical teaching of Buddha, with ing of the Buddhistic heaven, with all its corresponding standard of life and its joys, an absolute certainty. thought, are things unknown to him. He has no wish beyond a single meal, and The difficulties of mission work among no desire above a bowl of wine. The Tibetan lamas are great and many. amcho is an indispensable adjunct in any Lamaism is a domestic religion. Every Tibetan home. He lights the fire; he home has its representative in the lamasweeps the floor; he' feeds the lamp. sery and every lamasery has its repre- When the "a-ya" goes out visiting, he sentative in the home. Should the lama follows her as a personal attendant. His embrace the Christian religion, he is ospeculiar care is the family gods, before tracised not only from his lamasery, whom morning and night he reads family but also from his home. Such an exprayers. He receives no pay, and only perience in a sparsely populated country eats what is set before him. like Tibet is almost inconceivable. To be a Christian and remain in a lamasery The last and perhaps most interesting is impossible. The Roman Catholic reof the Tachienlu lamastic population is ligion, after more than fifty years of a person who receives the appellation of arduou~ mission work on the Tibetan bor- "chang-cha-ba." This devotee to Lama- der, is unable to record the name of one ism performs his pilgrimage to Lhasa in lama converted to the Christian faith. a s'omewhat peculiar manner. He lies GOD CARES! DO WE?

"Forget not that your first and principal business as a disciple of Christ is to give the Gospel to those who have it not. He who is 1Iot a missionary Christian will be a missing Christian when the great day comes of bestowing the rewards of service. Therefore ask yourselves daily what the Lord would have you do in connection with the work of carrying the news of salvation to the perishing millions. Search carefully whether he would have you go yourself to the heathen, if you have the youth and fitness required for the work. Or, if you can not go in person, inquire diligently what blood mortgage there is upon your property in the interest of Foreign Missions, how much you owe to the heathen because of what you owe to Christ for redeeming you with His precious blood. I warn you that it will go hard with you, when your Lord comes to reckon with you, if He finds your wealth hoarding up in needless accumulations instead of being sacredly de- voted to giving the Gospel to the lost."-DR. A. J. GORDON.

DEI>ADTMENT ~r'~> '2ii-~-'-…. ~,,/ ":t.;.. cr~'" OF ,,'" I BEST METHODS I~ BY BELLE M. BRAIN, 38 UNION AVENUE, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

SOME WAYS OF INCREASING MISSIONARY GIFTS m'I T is' said that at the pres-. a dollar and in order to swell the sum ent time the one thing she went from door to door offering a that hinders the progress popcorn ball and a chance on the chicken of the Kingdom is the for a dime! She realized about $34 and lack of money. This may gave it with joy, little realizing that she be questioned, but it has had operated a lottery that made her liable to arrest. Her church applauded, always been easier to get men to go than and the one woman who protested was declared too strict and out of date. to raise money to s'end them. In recent years, due largely to the More to be deplored, however, than Every Member Canvass of the Layman's Missionary Movement which lays stress the lack of money is the fact that some on systematic and proportionate giving, the methods of raising money have been of it is raised by methods that dishonor lifted to a higher plane in many churches. But there is still room for improvement. God, and that in some instances at least, In every church there should be un- tiring effort to induce people to pay are in violation of the laws of men. It is their tithes and give free-will offerings as God has prospered them. Let the humiliating to find that in New York socials and suppers be for sociability and 110t to raise money for God. State the Civic League is being called Honoring God with Our Substance upon to stop petty gambling in the Does it glorify the Ruler of the Unichurches as a means of raising funds! verse to raise money for carrying on his work by means of bazaars and "Having had numerous complaints rummage sales?

from many sections of the State," says Let us bring the question home to our- selves. Your daughter is about to be The Reform Bulletin, "in regard to de- married and you have set your heart on giving her a silver tea set as a token of nominations of the Protestant faith con- your love. But you can not manage such a costly gift in addition to the other ducting lottery schemes and raffies and expenses of the wedding. Then the bril- liant idea of raising the money by a selling chances on various articles at rummage sale comes to you. You ran- sack your attic and telephone your fairs and carnivals to raise money for church and benevolent purposes, we have been obliged to take up these matters and have them supprest by law. Gambling is gambling no matter where we find it, The Law and Order Department of the New York Civic League will suppress it promptly in either Catholic or Protestant churches when notified in time."

Those who use such methods are probably ignorant of how serious the offense is. But they ought to know better. A few days ago we heard of a woman who decided to give a chicken as a tithe to the Lord. It was worth about

friends. They come nobly to the rescue 450: $1,708. 450: $92. with articles they don't want because they love you and they love the girl. Here was an average of 21 cents instead You engage a stand in a vacant store, of $3.S0 for each woman. hold a most successful sale and buy the present. Why should a group of women in one church give $1,708 to foreign missions Do you not think that every time she and a like group in similar circumstances pours tea from the pot, your daughter in a similar church give $92? will love to reflect on the number of her friends' old clothes that were sacri- Several answers might properly be ficed to buy it? given to this query.

You would not do such a thing? Then Perhaps the church of easy-going are you willing to put God and His work mi5'sionary manners may have had poor on a lower plane than your own loved training in past years and so lost-or ones?-(Condensed from an article by never found-the habit of treating mis- Mary Grattan Stephenson in The Mis- sions generously ! Very likely other insionary Survey.) terests, such as Home and City Mis- sions, called forth a more loyal re- AN ERRATIC PROPORTION sponse. I hope so.

MARY LOUISE DANIELS, WELLESLEY, MASS. But the Up-and-Doing women looked President of the Woman's Board of Missions, Con· out for those interests too, having caught a vision of the Great Task in its round- gregational Church ness.

About three years ago I discovered in Leaders lacking enthusiasm? Dull the Up-and-Doing Church a pleasing programs at monthly meetings? It proportion between the women members might have been. and their gift to foreign missions, viz.: My own solution is this: Number of women, 450. Poor business methods had left the Annual gift to their Board, $1,70S. field largely uncultivated. Average gift from each woman, $3.S0. The financial success of a missionary Of course some members were unsym- organization is no sentimental problem pathetic or absent, and some non-mem- dependent upon some occult laws quite bers were sympathetic and generous, but different from those governing that dethiS" condition prevails everywhere. partment store or. banking house in t?e On the whole it seemed fair to use next block. It is a problem, on tts this proportion for purposes of compari- human s.ide, like theirs-a problem of son when, later on, I discovered the right approach to individuals that they Easy-Going Church. may be drawn into certain well-defined They were so suggestively alike, those relations with the object of their entertwo, in their attractive buildings, each prise. The same direct, sagacious, favorably located in a city; in their adaptable, persistent methods apply. membership, which included families of The easy-going treasurer who simply wealth and position; in their various waits to receive "dues" is' sadly out of activitieS". And, strange to say, their date. The exigences and possibilities of count of women members was practically the missionary opportunity to-day call identical! for a local treasurer who knows her Then I applied my little rule obtained Board and its needs; as well also her in the Up-and-Doing Church: own church field with its lights and shadows. 450 women: $1,708. 450 women: What! She joins efficiently with other officers in forming a definite policy for a thor- It did not fit. The proportion dwindled ough annual canvass of all the women erratically.

OF BEST METHODS

in the parish that they may be won to great deal was thrown in and with a cooperation. She studies to be tactful great deal of cheerfulness; they all re- and vivid, and chooses assistants who joiced. An invention to please people's will enter into the spirit of her task. humor may sometimes bring them to their duty. Wisdom is herein profitable I have noted this year a swelling of to direct." the fourth figure in the proportion and I wonder-I wonder what has done it. There is, no doubt, some truth in Matthew Henry's contention. New Was it an up-and-doing business methods often bring success where old policy? Did they discover in the Easy- ones fail. Nevertheless we believe that Going Church that the Every Woman the chief reason why the plan succeeded Campaign is a wonderful regulator of was that the people were not taxed but erratic proportions? cast in their free-will offerings. This is a practical plan that works as well What kind of a giver would my church be, to-day as in the days of Joash. We If every member gave just like me? have tried it more than once and have seen others try it, always with success. JOASH CHESTS A Joash Box in a Sunday-school Class Have you every tried raising money by means of a "Joash Chest?" It is a In a certain church the Woman's Scriptural. method and rarely fails. Bible Class lost its teacher and a New- comer was prevailed upon to take his When Joash was king the Temple at place. The class grew and grew until it was the largest class in the school, and Jerusalem was in need of repairs and he when the cost of the new piano was ordered the priests to collect money from divided among the classes, its apporthe people and prosecute the work with- tionment was $20. out delay. But the money came in slowly and the repairs were not made. It seemed a large sum, but the class Then, at the king's command, "Jehoida agreed to pay it, and began discussing the priest took a chest, and bored a hole ways and means. Fairs, foO( sales, lecin the lid of it, and set it beside the tures, concerts, pay socials-aU were altar, on the right hand as one cometh suggested, for this church believed in into the house of the Lord" (2 Kings raising money in such ways. But the 12: 9). Newcomer did not and longed to lead them into better things. She suggested The new plan succeeded at once. a "Joash Box," but no one had ever These gifts were to be over and above heard of such a thing. She told the the regular offerings for the Temple story as given in 2 Kings, and at last service, yet the money poured in. There they consented to try it. But they eviwas soon enough and to spare. Not only dently did not expect it to succeed and was the temple repaired, its furnishings the officers of the school were dubious were replenished also. about it.

Matthew Henry suggests that the new The next Sunday a little box was plan succeeded because of its novelty. brought to the class with a slit in the lid and the members were invited to put "When Joash found that the money did into it from Sunday to Sunday what- ever they wished to give to the fund. not come in as he expected one way, he The Sunday following one of the memtried another," he says, "and that an- bers brought a beautiful Japanese trickswered the intention. The throwing of box and asked if it could be used inmoney into a chest, through a hole in the lid of it, was a way that had not been used before, and perhaps the very novelty of the thing made it a successful expedient for the raising of money j a

stead of the plain little box. It had a needed, will be forthcoming when God slit in the top and no one could open it is depended upon to supply them. but her son-in-law. So the money was transferred to it and so much interest More than one mission board has filled was aroused that the Newcomer thanked its empty treasuries through prayer, but God and took courage. Every Sunday not all missionary workers realize that in the opening prayer she asked God to this is a method that works as well in send them the required sum, but no one small organizations as in large ones. If was' urged to give a penny. any society wants more money for mis- sions. they may have it for the asking. When at last the day came for pay- But they must meet the conditions and ing the assessments, the officers of the pay the price of prayer. school were invited to witness the opening of the box and count the money. Some years ago a Young People's The Young Man Who Knew How came, Missionary Society in Ohio undertook to too, and it was an exciting moment when assist one of their members to prepare he released a spring, pulled out a secret himself for medical missionary work. drawer and poured the contents into a The sum required was about $1,100, paybasket. There were s'everal doIlar bills, able during three years. coins of all denominations, and one tendollar gold piece. The whole amounted It was a large sum for them to raise to $33.34, $13.34 more than had been in addition to their regular contribution. asked for! The class could hardly be- But they were rich in faith and decided lieve it, and the officers were amazed, to raise it through prayer. A'little paper but the Newcomer simply said, HI told was issued monthly containing general you how it would be," and asked the missionary information and stating the superintendent to lead in a prayer of needs of the special fund with a list of thanksgiving. the subscriptions made during the month.

The gold piece was a great surprize. No appeals' for funds were made, nor Who could have given it? Popular were they needed. Whenever a payopinion gave the credit to the best-drest ment was due, if there was not enough woman in the class. But the Newcomer in the treasury to meet it, the little inner (tho n0 one else) knew that it came prayer circle of the society met with the from a modestly drest young woman president and asked God to supply it. who, like herself, did not believe in fairs Not once did He fail them. The amount and festivals, and gave so quietly that needed (and often more) always came no one guessed how much she was in in time, sometimes from the most unthe habit of giving. usual and unexpected sources. It was a great experience for the young people, ' There are always such surprizes in and their faith was greatly strengthened. store for those who trust God in raising money. He is "able to do exceeding SPELLING MISSIONS abundantly above all that we ask or think." What does m-i-s-s-i-o-n-s spell in your church? RAISING MONEY THROUGH PRAYER In many a church it speIJs money, for The great enterprises that have been the people never hear anything about conducted entirely along faith lines, such the work save in connection with the as the China Inland Mission and the contribution-box. Muller Orphanages' at Bristol, England, show that the necessary funds for Chris- This is a serious mistake, The finantian work, even when vast sums are cial side should never be pushed until the foundations of a deep and abiding interest have been laid.

OF BEST METHODS

THE TALENT PLAN advanced, individually or jointly, by members who wish to render this ser- REV. EGBERT W. SMITH, NASHVILLE, TENN. vice.

Secretary of the Executive Committee of Foreign Why? Missions, Southern Presbyterian Church 1. It is a thoroughly scriptural plan. 2. It solicits no money, imposes no In 1913 the Southern Presbyterian extra canvass or subscription, and inter- Church paid off a large Foreign Mis- feres with no regular contributions. sion debt. One of the most effective 3. Instead of sol iciting, it offers a talmethods employed for this purpose, a ent for Christian service "to everyone" method approved by the Assembly's (Matt. 25 :15), enabling the poorest to Executive Committee of Foreign Mis- join in work for Christ on equal terms sions, and widely used throughout the with others. Church, was the Talent Plan. Scores of 4. It is an object-lesson in Christian societies, Sunday-schools and churches stewardship. It says: Just as this talent broke all their previous' contribution is not yours, but is entrusted to you to be records by the use of this plan. used for Christ; so nothing that you have is yours, all is entrusted to you by An ex-moderator of the Assembly and God to be used in His service. pastor of one of our largest city churches wrote: 5, It is pre-eminently suited to that largest class of every ordinary congre- "In the twenty-one years of my pres- gation, the men and women and 'young ent pastorate I have never advocated a people who have little or no ready plan which worked so smoothly and money, but some unemployed time and pleasantly, which brought forth as satis- energy. Furnishing them a little capital factory results, and which I can as con- to start with, it invites them to become fidently and heartily commend as I do successful workers and liberal givers'. the Talent Plan." 6. It is a wonderfully fruitful plan. A few quotations and answers will explain the plan to thOS"e not familiar with For Example it. In the case of the original Talent- users (lVIatt. 25: 14) the increase was Whence? From the illustrative teaching of our n 87 per cent., tho one of the three was a Lord Himself. "And He called ten servants of his, "wicked and slothful servant." and gave them ten pounds, and said unto In the case of the Pound-users (Luke them, Trade ye herewith till I Come." 19: 13), the increase was 500 per cent., Luke 19: 12 (R.V.) tho one of the three was an unprofit- able servant. What? The putting into practise of the Par- A pastor borrowed 50 silver dollars ables of the Talents and the Pounds from a bank. Fifty of his members took (Matt. 25:14-30; Luke 19:12-26) by dis- one each to invest and trade with for tributing sums of money among as many Christ. At the Report Meeting four as will accept them, to invest, trade with, months later $600 was brought in, out and increase, for Christ. of which the pastor paid back the loan Dollars are suggested as suitable tal- plus one dollar interest, leaving $549 ents for the congregation, quarters for net gain, an elevenfold increase. the Sunday-school, and dollars, halves, or quarters, as preferred, for the church- A Sunday-school superintendent ofsocieties. fered five-cent pieces (quarters would have been much better) to his pupils to How? increase for Christ. At the Round Up The talents for distribution may be Rally a few months later 116 pieces came borrowed from bank at regular interest by some responsible person, or may be

back with $109.37 in addition, an eigh- A Mission Farm given by a member teen fold increase. who had gone to the field.

A class of girls, starting with 25 cents A Missionary Ship to carry their mis- of talent money, in six weeks made sionaries to Africa. $13.00, a fifty-twofold increase. In Africa- A good lady invested her one dollar 40,000 acres of land entirely paid for. talent in calico, made aprons, and re- 8 Mission Stations equipped with turned her talent increased tenfold. workshops and dwelling houses. 100 of their members at work as mis- Another, seventy years old, invested sionaries or colonists. her dollar in bulbs, nursed them into 45 converts won from South African flowering plants, and returned her talent tribes. increased fifteenfold. These extensive operations had called for lots of money and neither pastor A youthful member invested his much nor people were rich in anything but smaller talent in a board of rich pine, faith. They gave without stint, some made it into bundles of fagots, rein- casting in literally all that they had. vested, "was diligent in business," and Yet they could not give more than a frac- returned his talent increased 260-fold. tion of the whole. But God, who was manifestly directing the enterprise, sent The field for consecrated enterprise it in answer to prayer. Pastor Harms and ingenuity is boundless. disliked beggars, religious and other- wise, and from the first determined that REFLEX BLESSING IN GIVING no one save God should be appealed to Nowhere in missionary history, per- for money; The needs of the enterprise haps, is the reflex influence of giving to were not even published, yet money mISSIOns so strongly shown as in the poured in from all parts of the world story of Pastor Harms of Hermanns- at the right time and in the right meas" burg.* ttre. In 1849, shortly after he succeeded The financial record of the mission has his father as pastor. at Hermannsburg, been called a "spiritual study in statis· about 50 miles from Hamburg, a great tics." The expenses varied from year revival broke out in the parish and as to year; so did the income in almost an outlet for the spirit of self-sacrifice exact proportion. In one year Africa and devotion that had been kindled, he needed 7,000 crowns, in another 21,000. urged his people to undertake a mission The ship cost 19,000 crowns in one year, to the heathen. So marvelously was the printing-house 3,600 in another. Yet this undertaking blest that eleven years each year closed with a balance. At no later this one congregation of German time was there a deficit. The following yeomen and peasants was able to report table shows, how closely the supply tallied the following items as the result of their with the need. activities: In the Homeland- Year Income E.<rpendlture Balance A Mission House occupied by 45 of crowns crowns crowns their members preparing for missionary work. 1854 15,000 14,950 50 A Refuge Farm for ex-convicts with 20 occupants. 1855 9,722 9,642"" 80 A Printing-house equipped with presses. 1856 14,978 14,878 100 A Miss·ionary Magazine that paid its own way. 1857 14,796 14,781 IS 'See "A Record of Fifty Years: The Story of 1858 31,133 30,993 140 Pastor Ha~s of Hermannsburg," THE M]SSION- ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD, July, 1899. 1859 33,065 30,432 .2,633 Many a church stands aloof from mis-

OF BEST METHODS

sionary work because of a mistaken idea sions been largely increased and great that giving to missions will empty the interest in missions been developed, but treasury. But in Hermannsburg it the local work of the church has reworked the other way. There was no ceived a great impetus. It all depends lack of money for local work and such on the way it is handled. a blessing was poured out that there was not, literally, enough room to re- Through the courtesy of Mr. J. D. ceive it. The church was so crowded that strangers were obliged to go an Templeton, of Bloomington, III., secrehour before service if they wanted a tary of the Missionary Committee of the seat and during the 17 years of Loui& Illinois State Sunday-school Association, Harms' pastorate there a continuous re- we have received a little folder designed vival, with 10,000 conversions. And after by himself which seems almost ideal for his death the good work went on. At putting a church in touch with its special the jubilee in 1899 it was reported that field and securing gifts and prayers. Mr. the total contributions for the SO years Templeton's church, the Second Presbyamounted to $2,141,657.39. terian, gives on the station plan, i. e., it contributes $1,000 a year toward the THE KEY IN THE POCKET work in the Etah District, India, where the Presbyterian Board alone is at work. Ministers, laymen, yea, and women This amount is raised jointly by the too, often cry aloud in meetings for church, the woman's and young people's prayer, for God to open the windows of societies and the Sunday-school and it heaven and pour out His promised bles- was believed that much more could be sings until there will not be room done if the specific needs of the district enough to receive them. Yet all the were set definitely before the people. Ac- while they have in their pockets the cordingly, early in 1914, a list was pre- only key that can open the windows- pared with the assistance of Mr. and the tithe of their incomes-and they Mrs. A. G. McGaw, missionaries at Etah, refuse to use it. Read Malachi 3: 10. who were at home on furlough. -Mrs. Mary Clokey Porter.

SPECIFIC GIVING Then the little six-page folder was Paying the salary of a missionary or printed and widely distributed. It is a taking a share in a station has increased model of conciseness. Tho only 6 by the giving in many churches. But it 10 inches, it contains two mapsl a group is not a patent contrivance that runs it- picture of Mr. and Mrs. McGaw and self without effort. We know person- their children, the list of things needed ally of two churches, widely separated and much interesting information about as to locality where it has proved a the district and its missionary equiphindrance instead of a help. The spe- ment. The smaller map with its squares cific work undertaken was almost never and dots and circles is an inspiration in mentioned in the pulpit even in prayer itself. and no systematic effort was made to secure the necessary funds. Each year The two squares represent the Misthere was a deficit made up by the few who were interested. In both churches the plan w:s regarded as a dismal failure and it certainly seemed to be. But in countless churches all over the country it has worked the other way. Not only have the contributions for mis-

sion's Stations; the ten circles the vil- The list of needs is suited to all purses. lages where Indian preachers are lo- It ranges all the way from a girls' school cated; the six hundred dots the villages building at $1,000 and an automobile at in which there are Christians. In fifty $650 to 20 native drums for the n·ative of these there are Indian teachers but churches in only four. There are also teachers at 75 cents apiece. There are nine hundred villages not shown on the map which have neither churches, also things such as picture cards and preachers, teachers, nor Christians. remnants of bright cloth that cost noth- ing but the small amount of postage necessary to send them.

Your Monument-What Shall It Be?

A Lonely Shaft of Stone A Working, Growing, Soul-saving Proclaiming that or Institution You are DEAD MEMORIAL BIBLE SCHOOL IN KOREA "To live in hearts we leave behind Is not to DIE." -Adapted from The Missionary Survey.

WHAT ONE DAY'S INCOME WILL DO $1 will support a hospital bed in China or India for a week. $2 will support a hospital bed in Alaska or Syria for a week. $3 will support two boys or girls for a week in a mission boarding-school. $10 will support a native worker for a month in the mission field. $25 will pay a month's salary of two ordained native pastors in China or Korea or India. $50 will pay for a Bible woman for a year or will support a mission launch for a month. $75 will pay the running expenses of a mission day-school for a year. $100 will support a missionary for a month or will pay for the training of a native Christian worker for a year. Can you do better with one day's income? BRITISH AND GERMAN MISSIONS printed in reference to German responsi- bility in the Armenian atrocities, their THE position of the MISSIONARY RE- conduct in Belgium and elsewhere. We VIEW OF THE WORLD in reference to the have also been called to account by Britpresent devastating world-war continues ish friends for articles on "The Sufferto be misunderstood by some of our read- ing of German Missions and Missioners-both British and German sympa- aries" in our January number. Most of thizers The REVIEW is an independent the facts in that article came Jrom a missionary magazine concerned wholly source which we have every reason to with the proclamation and interpretation. count as trustworthy. The writer did of the Gospel of Jesus Christ to the not pretend to give a dispassionate and whole world. The editors may have their complete treatment of the charges made private opinions concerning political, so- against British and German forces in cial, and economic conditions and prob- the mission fields or to offer defense in lems, but it is not our purpose to ex- their behalf. He did undertake to show, press these opinions in the REVIEW, or to from statements that he considered invite others to express them, except so trustworthy, the suffering-the inevitable far as they vitally relate to the religious and unavoidable suffering-experienced and spiritual condition of the world and by German missionaries and missions in the progress of Christian missions. British territory. It is a natural result of such a war, but much of this suffering The REYIEW seeks to know and pub- should call forth sympathy and prayer lish facts and to interpret them in their from all Christian people. relation to Christianity. For this reason we think it right and helpful to publish Some of the statements made in Dr. facts relating to the present war, both as Hahn's article have been denied by the they are furnished by British and by British authorities in official correspon- German writers. This enables our read- dence. Other statements have been modiers to hear what each side believes to be fied or interpreted to exonerate the Britthe truth, altho, with the strict censor- ish commanders from accusations of unship enforced by British, German, and necessary harshness. The exact and full Turkish authorities, and the disagree- facts are exceedingly difficult to ascerment in reports, it is difficult at present tain and-during the rule of censorshipto know the truth and to interpret it. agreement as to statements may be im- Many charges have been made to us, possible. For example: The British auboth by friends of the A1!ies and of the thorities deny statements made by Pastor Central Powers, concerning atrocities, Y. Stark and Rev. A. Orthner concerncruelties, and illegal acts, but the REVIEW ing the treatment of German and Ameriis not the place to discuss them. It is, can missionaries in the Cameroons. The however, the place to consider the influ- Acting Governor of the Gold Coast anti ence of the war on Christian missions, the British Maj or-General C. M. Dobell both at home and abroad. both declare the charges of cruel treat- ment to be groundless and the statements Correspondents have recently made very strong objections to statements false or greatly exaggerated, and evi- are adepts in their art and depend on dence is submitted. Some of the hard- their personalities and eloquence rather ships experienced by Germans in Africa than on real facts to make the appeal. and India are declared to be due to their The result is that a native of India, warlike attitude and their complicity in or Persia, or ~ew Zealand or an indemilitary movements against the British. pendent and undependable worker in some mission field will collect thousands It is true that British missionaries have of dollars, while somewhat prosaic but endured much inconvenience and suffer- self-sacrificing and efficient missioning in German possession>, and that Ger- aries are turned away. mans have suffered in British territory. Often those innocent of hostile acts have A case in point has· recently come suffered because of the complicity of to our attention. A correspondent others. Such an experience seems to be wrote to the editor to inquire about a inevitable. At the same time, as stated in woman from India, by the name of our January number, British missionaries Mrs. Bannerjee, who was winning many have been most considerate of their Ger- influential friends by her fascinating man brethern and many have endeavored, personality and pathetic stories conoften at much personal sacrifice, to les- cerning her home for child-widows. sen the hardship due to internment and She was being introduced by some of deportation and the loss resulting to mis- the leading ladies of the land, and was sionary work. being entertained within their homes and churches. Noone seemed to think Let us be as charitable and patient as of investigating her, in spite of the possible, and pray God that His cause absence of credentials. We wrote to may soon triumph. May He make us the mission boards and societies withto recognize the truth and to manifest out definite result, but received from the Spirit of Christ. India letters from the secretary of the Baptist Missionary Society in Cal- I BEWARE OF IMPOSTORS cutta and from a leading barrister in T sometimes seems that it is easier the same city, stating that "Mrs. Ban- for an impostor to get money from nerjee's real name is Hemanto Ghose. American givers than it is to secure She is not a child-widow and many money for worthy objects. The cause of her stories are fables . . . she is is not far to seek. Many American thoroughly dishonest and more than givers are generous-hearted, and are that she is a practised thief … she strongly appealed to by pathetic tales of has no 'home' for widows or for any suffering or by stirring accounts of one. Mrs. B– left the Nazarene spiritual awakenings. These givers are Mission in April, 1914, after an inquiry exceedingly busy and have not the held by Rev. H. Reynolds, the secretary. time for personal investigations nor The charge against her was adultery the knowledge of reliable sources of . . . the charge was proved and she information. The impostors who stir left . . . Please make any use of this their interest are not limited to truth letter you like. I am not afraid of a in the pictures they draw and the suit for libel, as all this has been made stories they tell, therefore, they can public." draw on their imaginations to an unlimited extent in order to make the Haec tabula docet. desired impression. The story-tellers

DLD-WIDE

AflY S CHINA Kansu-stated in order of their need- are largely unoccupied, and offer exten- City Evangelization in China sive spheres for missions wishing to un- dertake work in a new field in China. THE Presbyterian Board is proposing Smaller unoccupied and unevangelized to put into effect a city evangeliza- areas are found in the southwest of Hupeh; in the northeast, northwest, and tion plan in the province of Shantung, southeast of Kiangsi; in portions of Anby which a well qualified Chinese with hwei; in the west of Honan; in northern Shensi; and among the tribes in the exa couple of suitable helpers is to be treme west and southwest of Szechwan.

placed in entire charge of the work in In the outlying territories: Mongolia is a difficult field. A few missionaries each city chosen. One of the native are working among the Chinese immi- grants, and two or three men are devotpastors comments as follows on the ad- ing themselves to the Mongols, but with the exception of the one representative vantages of the plan: • of the British and Foreign Bible Society, the entire region of Outer Mongolia and "Since the evangelist goes around the the greater part of Inner Mongolia are without missionaries. country having no fixt station, he can Chinese Turkestan also presents exnot live together with the people, and can ceptional difficulties, and demands on the part of workers-special physique and not 'shine' before them. By and by the ltnguistic gifts. The territory is vast and the popUlation sparse. Only three cenordinary people come to think that Chris- ters are occupied, and two of these are in the extreme west. The province of tianity is a special occupation. Since Sinkiang has only one missionary. Five or six missions have for years been they have grown up as farmers or car- working both on the Indian and on the Chinese frontiers, waiting for the openpenters, they are ,not willing to change ing of Tibet.

and become Christians. When a well- M The New Peking educated man sees· an evangelist he feels ANY formS' of civic betterment have toward him much the same as he would been promoted in Peking within the toward a Buddhist priest. The best way past few years. A decade ago there were of preaching that can be used at present, not more than two miles of macadamized is to have a fixt station in a city or big road in all the city. To-day there are town, in which the evangelist lives with a great many miles of macadam streets the people for several years, helping the both broad and narrow. Then the ironpeople in the country around, with every tire9 'ricksha was the chief means of possible means such as teaching the common people, curing the sick, and helping them in other ways."

Unoc:c:upied Territory in China IN the absence of a scientific survey of the whole of China, it is not pos- sible to give exact information as to the occupation of the entire field. While coast cities and districts easily accessible by river or rail, are for the most part occupied, the same can not be said of the less accessible regions. The provinces of Yunnan, Kwangsi, Kweichow, and

conveyance. The old-time Peking cart Blessing of Unbound Feet shook the rider almost out of his senses. Now the rubber-tired 'ricksha and the A GIRL in a mission school in China automobile are everywhere used. Rail- when she came in the fall, made the ways have been crowding into the city journey of 60 English miles on foot these past ten years. rather than let her father, who is poor, hire a wheelbarrow for her. She told In addition to all this, the gospel of her father that owing to God's goodness cleanliness' is being practised to a most her feet had never been bound, and con-, gratifying degree. A decade ago the sequently she was quite able to walk.- capital was almost too filthy to be Missions. described. Faithful Christians in Hain~;;' ~~ Recently the government has opened a new isolation hospital with five public TWO years ago in a village in Haiand several private wards. This makes nan there was not a Christian; now it possible to care for five different con- everyone in the village is a believer in tagious diseases at a time. Christ. They built their church with their own hands out of the material A Chinese Chriatian Diplomat found on the mountain side. The sides of the chapel are made of bamboo poles ANOTHER of the Chinese men in dip- covered with red clay. The roof is made lomatic service who are earnest Chris- of bamboo poles covered with fan palms. tians, is the First Secretary of the Chin- The inside walls are covered with Bible ese Legation in London, Mr. Y. S. Tsao. pictures and Scripture texts. The chapel In speaking at the annual meeting of the is filled every night with faithful follow- British and Foreign Bible Society, he ers of Christ. It is not an easy thing said: "I read the Bible for the first time to be a worshiper of the True God in at my mother's knee. Then twenty-two Hainan, for the Christians are scolded times at St. John's College, Shanghai, and reviled by their relatives and fellowand later in America with the Chinese villagers; all sorts of fiLthy abuse is heapstudents there."- Record of Christian ed upon them, they are frequently robbed Work. of their crops and often threatened with being driven out of the village. The Shanghai Press and the War In one of the schools is a Christian THE Shanghai Mission Press reports woman, who has been brutally treated by that its output of literature for the her husband. She has a little boy six year has fallen off considerably, due to years of age, who at Chinese New Year, the war, which has raised the price of when his father forced him to his knees paper. Supplies from Scandinavia were to worship the ancestors, refused, whereheld up for many months,' while other upon his father struck him in the face paper ordered more than a year before making it black and blue. did not get through at all. The mission press has felt its greatest loss in Scrip- Much prayer has been offered for the ture printing, issuing only 11,706,000 persecuted Christians, and thus far all pages, as against 54,530,000 of the pre- have stood firm. ceding year. Among Chinese Moslems Work comes to the Shanghai Press from Chile to Siam, varying from new 'THE death of William W. Borden, characters for an aboriginal tribe to complicated medical and educational called the attention of the Christians books which require the judgment of an of America to the need of the Mohamexperienced foreigner. medan popUlation of China, for whom little has been done. Mr. F. H. Rhodes, of Chefoo, now reports in China's Mil-

16 ] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY 'NEWS

liolls certain signs of progress among Japan was the second or third country these people. to inaugurate a regular student Chris- "Requests from individual Moslems, tian conference, but has not had a per- asking for Christian literature, have manent meeting place. Now, however, come to hand from six provinces. The every traveler who rides in the express writers are personally unknown, their from Tokyo to Kyoto will notice, a mile correspondence is of recent date, and and a half from Gotemba station, two their appeal is heart-searching. structures which will become "the Japa- "Chinese converts from Islam are wit- nese Northfield." The buildings are lo- nessing to Christ among their own peo- cated on three acres of land near a pond ple. We know of at least six such na- 1,600 feet above the sea in one of the tive workers. One of these men-whose most accessible yet picturesque spots in ancestry for several generations were the Empire. The total outlay to date is well-known Mohammedans-himself at 12,400 Yen ($6,200) of which the citi- one time a student for the position of zens of Califo.rnia have given over one- mullah, spent some time last summer third. Conference buildings were used in visiting neighboring Mohammedan for the first time last summer and one centers and gaining access to several of the striking features of the assembly mosques. The Christian books and tracts was the attendance of seven delegates he carried with him were gladly received, from Korea, their first participation and the assembled mullahs and students since the Korean Movement became af- heard the word of Christ. filiated with the National Movement of "The Chinese ChU1:ch needs a baptism Japan.-The Student World.

of love to prepare it for the great work Phenomenal Christian Growth waiting among the Mohammedans." TRE average percentage of growth JAPAN-KOREA of membership in Korean Christian A Imperial Honors for Christians churches has been 38 per cent. for each T the recent Coronation of the Em- of the past thirteen years. In America peror of Japan, among other honors the growth has been less than 5 per conferred, decorations were given to cent. The reason is not far to find.

several prominent Christians, whose To the Korean the Gospel of Good work was so conspicuously of a religious News means everything. It has broken and Christian character that the honors the bondage of superstition, custom are, in effect, a recognition of its value. and tradition, and has brought him into Among these were the Rev. Dr. Motoda, a place where his outlook upon the headmaster of St. Paul's College, Tokyo, future is made glad and bright. In view and Miss Ume Tsuda, a devoted Chris- of this new joy there has grown up in tian who ,conducts a fine school for his heart a compelling impulse to tell girls which has a strong influence in others of it, and through personal work aiding the Christianizing of Japan. new Christians are born into the king- This is the first instance in the history dom of God.

of the Empire where such recognition DR. Education in Chosen has been given from the throne. JOKICRI T AKAMINE, direc- tor of a Japanese publicity bureau . The Japanese Northfield HEREAFTER, Mount Fuji, the in New York, explains that Japan's de- Shinto goddess, will look down up- termination to suppress religious schools on something' new and strange'-the in Korea is simply part of a plan to "co- buildings' for a Christian conference ordinate the school system of Chosen nestling in the hills at her very base. with the prevailing system in Japan

proper. Carl Crow, a journalist who Jiever was heard to say to another: "I has traveled in the Orient, publishes a re- bought one of those Gospels and read joinder to show that in "Japan proper" it and I tell you that man Jesus was a the public school system leaves undis- rare gentleman."

turbed room for mission schools teach- One of the theological students, when ing Christianity. If the Chosen system asked how he came to believe, replied: were developed on a corresponding "I was a drunken goldminer in a marketbasis, there would be no need to inter- place 30 miles from here and saw a man fere with missionary education there. distributing leaflets. I was ashamed to Mr. Crow says: "The Japanese have not go up and ask for one, so I slipt in yet established in Korea a school for behind the crowd, stuck my hand out Koreans which is equal to a good high under another man's arm and took one.

school in America. There are many It was on Judgment in this Life and to of these schools maintained by American Come.

missions, and they see each year an in- "When I reached home I read it to crease in attendance." . my wife and she said: 'That's good, read A Convention for the BUnd and Deaf it again.' At the bottom of the leaflet it said: 'If you want to know more I N Pyeng Yang, a few months ago, about this go to Chung J u, see the mis- there was held the first meeting .in the sionaries and buy some books.' I came Orient in the interest of education for here, bought tracts, took them home, the blind and deaf of the Far East. studied, thought and repented till I saw Delegates were present from China, the light and found peace." Japan, Manchuria, and different parts of Korea. Special tributes were paid Moody's Sermon in a Korean Prison by the Japanese officials to the work for the blind which Dr. Sherwood Hall, A SERMON by D. L. Moody transthe American woman physician, has car- lated into Chinese characters, ried on in Pyeng Yang since 1894. Mr. brought light to a Korean official in Yamagata, editor of the Seoul Press, in- prison. Dr. James S. Gale writes: "My terpreted the significance of the gather- friend Kim, who waS" chief of police ing in the following words: in Seoul, came to call, and I lent him a New Testament, which he returned in "When nations are at war with each a few days, saying, 'It's good. Walking other in civilized Europe, is it not provi- on the water and such like I don't bedential that this convention, with phil- lieve in, but the moral tone of it is anthropic purposes, should have been, certainly good.' This was in 1899. as it was, convened in this far-off corner Later I heard that he had fallen under of the world? It seems that the angel suspicion as a reformer, been arrested of love and civilization has bidden good- and locked up in prison. by to Europe for a while, and come to Chosen (Korea) to bless the blind and "In 1903 there came to me from Kim the deaf of the Far East I" a little closely packed Korean letter, hardly bigger than a thimble, which S Fruits of Colportage Work said 'I have found what you told me IX colporteurs at work in the Chung of years ago, thank God.' Later, at J u district, Korea, are selling Gos- the opening of the Japan-Russia War pels at the tate of 1,200 a month, and Kim's prison opened and he and his with the aid of other Christians, are dis- comrades were free. He told me of tributing tens of thousands of leaflets his experience. 'In my agony, not every year. Many incidents prove the knowing what day my turn would be to value of this seed-sowing. One unbe- be beheaded, I read the New Testament

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

through four times, but found 110 relief. compound in Bombay and which the Finally, one night, as I was reading a Diocesan Association has generously sermon by Mr. Moody, printed in assisted with funds. The Bishop says: Chinese, a great light and joy broke in "Since November, 1913, 25 persons upon me. My heart sang while my (23 high-caste Hindus and two Mohameyes overflowed with tears. God had medans) inmates of the home, have forgiven and accepted me, and my soul been baptized. There have been some had found rest.''' mistakes and (at least temporary) fail- ures. Ten of the baptized were Brah- INDIA mans, and all those have remained firm. Four of them insist on becoming Influence of Outcaste Christiana evangelists to their own countrymen. Some of the converts are old pupils of THAT Christianity has been accepted the Robert Money school, the great by the Indian outcastes in such large high-school for boys in Bombay." numbers has seemed to some a serious obstacle to its spread among the upper D German Missionaries in India castes, who have sometimes referred to R. WARDLAW THOMPSON, it scornfully as "the sweepers' reli- Secretary of the London Mis'siongion." On the other hand the trans- ary Society, clearly shows that many forming power of the Gospel in the German missionaries under British rule lives of these degraded people has in India are living in strict loyalty to proved a striking argument which the British Government, and are enthoughtful Indians have not been able couraging their people to do likewise. to resist. Rev. A. W. Moore reports "Such intelligence," says the London an instance of this: Christian, "may well serve to soften the asperity of many people toward "A young man of the KoIi caste their fellow-workers for God. In time walked miles to the missionary to ask of war the tendency is to be unjust tofor baptism. He was put through a ward the enemy, and to blacken all rigorous questioning as to his motives, without discrimination. Such a policy and he seemed to have no improper is very small, and it tends to defeat ones. 'Where did you hear of Christ?' itself. The German missionaries have he was asked. 'From the bhangis accomplished great things, and when (sweepers) of my village,' was the the war is over they will again do simple answer. He was baptized. great good. The work of healing the awful wounds made by the war will "We believe that the quickest way to fall largely to the Christian Church. evangelize the whole of India is to It is necessary, therefore, that even concentrate our efforts upon these now the preparation should begin, and people given to God, who have taken it will be best begun by the encouragethe name of Christ. Through them it ment of the spirit of Christian love. will spread in a natural way to others. There will be plenty of folk, both in It is the genius of Christianity to work England and Germany, who will seek its way from the bottom upward. Pray to nourish the spirit of revenge and much that thes'e people may make rapid bitterness. The Christian people, howprogress in the knowledge of God, and ever, must show a more excellent way; in the obeying of His will." and they can begin by cherishing kind feelings toward their brethren iu I What a Converts' Home Did Christ, many of whom, no more than N a letter dated June 5th to the mem- themselves, desired this awful struggle." bers of the Bombay Diocesan Association, the Bishop of Bombay refers to the Converts' Home which Canon Joshi has established in his house and

S.P.G. Appeals for German Missions gation, and prayer by the church was 'ONE of the most striking illustra- offered for all who were thus giving tions of Christian brotherhood the Sabbath to work. Later in the brought 01,1t by the present war has afternoon the women of the church met been the offer of the British Bishop of in prayer, and in the evening the men Chota Nagpur to do his utmost to held by themselves their prayer meet- carryon the work of the Lutheran ing. Dr. Dunlay has a unique training missionaries, who, by government order class for Christian workers. Some six in August last, were interned or de- men meet with him very early in the ported for the remainder of the war. morning and study the Scriptures two Bishop Montgomery has now appealed or three hours. They are then sent through the Church papers for eight directly with the message they have clergy to go out immediately, his so- learned out to the different houses and ciety, the Society for the Propagation of districts, wherever they have an en- the Gospel, generously offering to pay all trance."-The Continent.

expenses. The need, as he says, is one DR. Hospital Patients Baptized of extreme urgency, but is thought MASON, of Siam, tells of an likely to be only for the duration of the interesting service in the Chieng war. Any who have a knowledge of Mai Hospital, when 13 out of 33 pa- Hindi would, of course, be doubly wel- tients were baptized and received into come. A Mission Field editorial note the church. They received instructions points out that the missionaries to be daily from the evangelist employed at sent by the Society for the Propagation the hospital. A paralyzed patient who of the Gospel will be entirely under the has been a Christian for many years, control of the bishop of the diocese, has also led many to Christ and teaches who will be responsible for the atti- the patients to read, write, sing, and tude and policy which they will adopt pray. He has been unable to rise from toward the Indian Christians belonging his bed for 18 months. But his good to the German missions. work goes on just the same. At this SIAM AND THE LAOS service 63 persons were present, some A Christian Sabbath in Siam carried on stretchers, some limping in, and one on all fours. MISS EDNA COLE, of Bangkok, MOSLEMS IN ASIA gives the following account of the activities of one Sunday in Tap Teang Under Arrest in Turkish Arabia station, Siam: "Sunday we spent nearly ON the declaration of war, Dr. F.

three hours in a little palm-leaf church, Johnson, Church Missionary So- with its earthen floor and uncomfort- ciety missionary at Baghdad, was im- able benches, listening to one quarter's prisoned in a Turkish jail, and sub- review of the Sunday-school lessons sequently he and Mrs. Johnson, another conducted by men who had not been lady missionary, and two Indians, Brit- Christians many years. The whole ish subjects, were conveyed out of the church there is the Sunday-school. country as prisoners'. After numerous Everyone takes part, asks and answers adventures, both painful and humorous, questions. I have never been in a the party reached Beirut, whence Dr.

more satisfactory Sunday-school in any Johnson writes: "For six hours I was part of the world. Several members kept in the police-station in Beirut, but of the church were away in different finally, through the intervention of the neighborhoods holding Christian serv- American Consul-General, I was per- ices wherever they could get a congre- mitted to go to the hotel, and we finally

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embarked on an Italian steamer for sian schools. Threats had been made Alexandria. With few exceptions, the that an old statute, practically obsolete, treatment we received at the hands of would be enforced against the schools' the Turkish officials during our journey rule of compulsory attendance at was not discreditable to them, con- chapel and Bible study, and further sidering the times through which the threats were made that the government Empire is passing." might compel all teaching to be con- ducted in the Turkish tongue. These With the Troops in Mesopotami~ two restrictions, the missionaries re[ll- ized, would practically stop the work at REV. LEONARD A. DIXON, a Beirut. Through Mr. Morgenthau's in- Canadian, who has for several years fluence, the Turkish government per- mitted American schools to open under been connected with the Y. M. C. A. in certain conditions. In spite of these con- cessions, however, further difficulties India, is now engaged in work for the are feared. Whether or not newer and more strenuous demands may be made by British troops in Mesopotamia. He Turkey at any moment can not now be forecasted. The Presbyterian Board writes: "The terrific heat, the desert feels that if it can hold its mission prop- erty in Syria and elsewhere throughout marches, the swamp fighting, and the the Turkish empire, in spite of govern- mental aggressions, it will be doing difficulties of transport, which make well.

short rations occasionally unavoidable, Turkish Educational Laws Modified have been some of the obstacles with THE new Turkish educational laws which were issued when the Capituwhich the men in France have not had lations were abrogated have been re- cognized as likely to prove a very to contend, but which have been only serious hindrance to the work which mISSIOnaries are carrying on in the too real here. Furthermore, these hard- Turkish Empire. This is particularly true of those which have to do with ships have not been offset by the social the compulsory teaching of the Turk- ish language and the teaching of reagencies at work at the bases as in ligion. In an effort to secure some modification of these restrictions, repre- France. ' sentatives of missionary work have been to Constantinople and have been "'Y. M. C. A.' has proved to be a granted a hearing by the Turkish gov- ernment through the kindly offices of magic password among, them all. Ac- the American Ambassador. At this conference there were representatives commodation, equipment, transportation, of the Beirut Protestant College, the Presbyterian Mission work, Robert Colin fact, nearly everything that we have lege, the American Girls' College, the American Bible Society, and the Amrequired, has been granted to us. The erican Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. As a result a temmen have also been equally enthusiastic.

The greatest results of our work have been obtained through personal inter- views. The weekly Bible classes', the Sunday evening "Hymn-Sings," the services in the hospital wards, and the distribution of khaki Testaments have opened the way for numerous personal conversations, in which the men have shown an eagerness to speak of the reality of Christ and His power."- Canadian Churchman.

Syrian Mission Property Safe SOME time ago Ambassador Morgen- thau sent for President Howard S.

Bliss and Dr. Frank E. Hoskins of Beirut to come to Constantinople to consult over the intimations of the Turkish government in r~gard to mis-

THE porary arrangement was agreed to Threats Against Robert College touching these laws. The points com- OUTLOOK contains a very'

promised are as follows: illuminating interview with an un- 1. The government demands the re- named authority, called "The Man ligious exercises and instruction shall from Constantinople," in which it was be optional for non-Christians, but may stated that the Turks had threatened be obligatory for Christians. to take Robert College and the beau- 2. That Turkish shall be taught to tiful new Constantinople College for Ottomans in the first year only. Women, both of which properties were 3:o That while the new laws touching built by American philanthropy and the discussion and abrogating of pre- are owned in New York. In the crisis vious agreements and firmans stand, Ambassador Morgenthau quietly moved the work shall go on, the United States . his own summer home to the College Ambassador protesting. for Women and flew the Embassy flag These concessions will enable the above it, thus insuring the safety of mission work to be continued and will one set of buildings. Then he ar– enable the missionaries to deal with ranged that, if Robert College could local officials under authorization of not be saved otherwise, it should be the highest courts in Constantinople used by the American Red Cross, with which will save them from many an- American missionary doctors in charge.

noying delays and obstacles. The "Man from Constantinople" said that he believed that many more than Conditions in Palestine half a million Armenians had been THE Christian pilgrimages to the killed, outside of the army, and that sacred sites in the Holy Land have Talaat Bey boasts of it even to the American Ambassador,- He cynically ceased, and Jerusalem and all the other and shamelessly declares that he means communities' in Palestine which depend to get rid of the Armenian question by so largely upon this traffic for their in- getting rid of the Armenians. Nothing come have been hard hit. What with less than the extermination of the race the presence of the locusts and the ab- is his obj ect; and he and Enver Pasha sence of the travelers, plus war times, have been heard to say that they will the Holy Land has had a taste of real do the same to the Jews and the Ottofamine. The monks and priests in man Greens, and then, as a grand charge of the Christian shrines, such finale, to the Germans! as the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, the Garden of Gethsemane, the Church EUROPE-BRITISH ISLES of the Nativity at Bethlehem, etc., have mostly been French and Italian Roman African Bishops Reply to Kikuyu Catholics or members of the Russian Statement Church. These, together with the THE Bishops of Mombasa and teachers of the Franciscan and Jesuit Uganda have announced their de- and Dominican schools, have all been cision to cooperate with non-conform- driven from the Empire, and warned ists within the limits defined in the that they are not to be allowed to re- statement of the Archbishop of Canter- turn, even after the war. While the bury. The announcement was elicited religieuse have been merely deported, by a circular letter signed by the six other civilians of enemy nations have clergymen who convened the meeting been interned, first at Damascus, and reported in the October REVIEW. It will _then later at Urfa, in upper Mesopo- be remembered that those present tamia.-The Outlook. pledged themselves, before renewing

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their SUbscriptions to foreign missions puts it, nothing but a miracle of grace or making further collections on their could have saved the mission from seribehalf, to obtain in every case an as- ous divisions. The China Inland Mission surance that the practises of admitting is not only an interdenominational, but members of non-Episcopalian churches an international organization, enrolling to Holy Communion or to preach in workers from 22 different countries. the pUlpits of the Church will not be The love of God, which alone has been permitted within the sphere of the able to draw workers from so many Mission to be supported. The Bishop lands, to labor together unde! one of Mombasa's reply is addrest to Pre- banner, has not failed even in these bendary Boyd, Vicar of St. Paul's, most difficult days to keep those work- Knightsbridge, who in his recent pamph- ers united in the spiritual service of let, "Facing Kikuyu," commits himself evangelizing China. to the statement that the most ignorant lay reader preaching that which is un- The missionaries from Continental true is to be preferred in church pul- countries are supported by funds raised pits to the most cultivated Nonconform- in their own lands, so that the finanist minister preaching what is true! cial question does not arise in the re- Bishop Peel concludes: "I can well iationships of the mission. Prayer is understand 'the feeling of unrest and asked that love may prevail, for there anxiety among churchmen in England are not a few Chinese converts who who are trying in ten thousand ways are closely watching to see if the spirit to nullify the Reformation, and to ar- of Christ is sufficient to conquer the rive at the condition of things in war spirit in those who profess to be 'Church' affairs which obtained in Eng- followers of the Prince of Peace. land before the Reformation, barring the supremacy of the Pope."-C.M.S. THE CONTINENT Review. The Y. M. C. A. in France The C.I. M. in War Time MR. OLIVER H. McCOWEN, the T HE effect of the war upon the Indian National Council Secretary work of the China Inland Mis- for Burma, is in charge of the great sion has been of a somewhat unique work of the English Y. M. C. A.'s with nature. With many societies the actual the British Expeditionary Force in the fields of missionary operation have been north of France. directly affected, with the result that in some cases local effort has had to be He has contributed to The Young suspended through the withdrawal of Men of India a racy account of his workers or their internment, but the work, from which we quote the follow- China Inland Mission has had the great ing items: advantage of laboring in a neutral sphere. This is a subject for which Every branch of the service is being the mission is particularly grateful. looked after: the fighting men-cavalry, infantry, and artillery-the Army Ser- But, while the field of operations has vice Corps, who have done such splenbeen neutral, the work at the home did work in this war, the Army Ordbases and in the personnel of the work- nance Corps, the bakers, who send 500,- ers has been most intimately involved. 000 loaves to the front daily, the la- In this respect the problems and diffi- borers and the mechanical transportculties have been of a peculiarly search- all these look on the Y. M. C. A. as ing nature, and as Secretary Broomhall their own.

In the hospital camps in the large Y. M. C. A. marquee, comfortably

boarded, bedecked with flags, and set well as Protestant England is a great out with comfortable deck chairs, the Mohammedan power. men are being helped to forget the horrors and pain of the past, and are The attendents upon the new building resources of strength and mosque will be chiefly Tartars, of nerve for a further part in our great whom 15,000,000 are living under the task. Russian double eagle. The govern- ment of Kasan and the Crimea are the The Distress in Serbia great centers of this population. These Moslems are, undoubtedly, a higher type T HE Bible Lands Missions' Aid So~ than their co-religionists of Turkey. ciety is continuing its work of re- They are cleanly" abstinent from both tobacco and alcohol, intelligent, and lief of the sufferers in Serbia, and in- extremely energetic as traders and crea;;ing demands are being made upon merchants.-Record of Christian Work. it. NORTH AMERICA The main relief work is being done from the headquarters of the Society The Y. W. C. A. Jubilee at Monastir, the center of a vilayat bearing the same name, which con- THE Young Women's Christian Assists of 300 to 400 towns and villages. No other relief fund is at work in the . sociations of the United States are whole of this iarge area. planning to celebrate in the month of February, 1916, the fiftieth anniversary The chief sufferers are refugees of the opening in Boston of the first from villages destroyed in 1912, when city association. Plans adapted to city, cattle, grain, argricultural implements, student, and country organizations have and all household effects were looted. been developed, and the jubilee will be not only an opportunity for a review In Monastir alone there are some of the achievements of the past, but a 8,000 destitute persons, including refu- time to make larger plans for the gees from more than thirty villages. future. The one city association of Many of them are suffering from ill- 1866 has grown to 245, with a memness caused by two and a half years bership of 273,234, and there are also of semi-starvation, while large num- 721 student associations. The extenbers are in a state of extreme debility, sion of the Association movement to which, failing relief, can only end in the Orient has been one of the most a lingering death. There are whole striking developments of the period. streets of families in this condition. Japan now has 20 associations, with six American secretaries, and 18 secretaries Mohammedanism in Petrograd are at work in five cities in China.

THERE is a mosque under construc- Plans of the Commission on Missions tion in Petrograd, not far from the By the constitution of the National Troitsky (Trinity) Bridge over the Council the Congregational Commis- Neva. It is a massive granite building, sion on Missions has a continuous existrelieved by a dome of cerulean tiles and ence, half its members going out of a blue-tiled entrance porch. There are office each two years The Commission, three minarets from whence the ears of which President King of Oberlin is of the "Orthodox" will in days to chairman, will begin the work of the come be jarred by the call to Moslem coming biennium on the basis of previous prayer. The whole building recalls experience of members who hold over, Samarcand. The building was partly reenforced by those recently elected. given by the Emir of Bokhara which recalls the fact that Holy Russia as

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Among the subjects to which the Com- 'Strength to Congregational churches mission is expected to devote its at- and to enable the members of the tention are the following: preliminary organization to make themselves more plans for the Tercentenary Fund, which adequate to the demands of the modern is to be raised in 1920, a study of the church. field work of the various missionary societies and the relation of field and At the first meeting, which was held state organizations; a consideration of in Center Church, New Haven, in Nothe problem of the various missionary vember, the following problems were magazines published by the denomina- presented as lying within the scope tion and the development of the Appor- of the organization: tionment Plan. Sub-committees will make careful study of different topics The training of adequate leadership and by meeting perhaps three times for the Church; the development of the during the biennium the Commission Church as the Father's House, the as a whole can work over the reports social center of the community; the submitted, and having reached a judg- reaching out into the community along ment on major matters will confide many lines of social service; the fine them again to the care of smaller com- art of guiding the unfolding life of mittees for execution. childhood and youth.

The Ministry in America The executive committee will plan definitely to present the challenge of HILE much has been written and this new vocation to the young women W spoken about the decrease of stu- in the colleges. dents for the ministry, Mr. Talcott Williams, of Columbia University, has been A Chair in Christianity investigating the facts. with surprizing results. He declares that, from 1880 to WHILE giving large attention to 1910 the number of ministers has Comparative Religion, the great grown faster than the number of lawyers or physicians. In this thirty years, seats of learning have in many cases the United States census' heing witness, passed by Christianity as a substantive the number of ministers had increased study. So much has this been the case from 64,698 to 132,988, or had more in America, that the president of a than doubled. Further, the llumber of great university in the Middle States theological students in the United recently declared that a student might States has doubled in thirty-three years. graduate from many of the institutionS' There were 5,242 in 1880 a"d 10,965 in of learning in the land and yet be as 1913; while in Germa'l' t',~ ,logical ,tu- ignorant of Christianity as if he had dents have fallen off one-half in this been educated in a pagan country. At generation, and in Ewdand the number length, there are indications of a turnhas remained the same. in'S of the tide, for a worthy example has been set by a small institution, Church Assistants Organize Furman University, South Carolina, the trustees and faculty of which have set A NEW field for women who wish to up a Chair of' Christianity. Holding devote themselves to Christian work that Christianity is the salt of civilis offered by the Congregational Lea::iue ization, and can no more be excluded of Church Assistants. The salaried than can mathematics. It says to prewomen workers in the Congregational sumptive students: "If you object to a churches have banded together in an course in Christianity, go elsewhere. organization whose purpose is to add For our part, we are unwilling to give our degrees to students who have not had special instruction in the origin,

the documents, and the history of the the coast in the autumn, when they Christian religion." were to return south.

Presbyterian Women Leaders Confer At first the intention was, it seems, that these German members of the mis- ANOTABLE gathering was held in sionary staff on the coast should be in- Chicago, from November 10th to terned; however, that was altered, and 18th, by representatives of the Presby- they have now been aJlowed to resume terian Woman's Boards of Home and their work on parole. They went north Foreign Mi.;sicns, the Woman's Depart- on board the Harmony. ment of the Freedmen's Board and delegates from the Synodical Societies, who An Experience of Wu Ting Fan. assembled to consider matters of common interest at the home base. THE Rev. Huie Kin, a Chinese Christian pastor in New York, was A call to the conference stated its ob- reading a daily paper. Seeing that a distinguished countryman of his was to i ect in the following words: be in New York over Sunday he tele- phoned him at his hotel inviting him "The tendency toward joint synodical to attend the Sunday service at his presbyterian and local organizations has church. brought to the attention of the Woman's Boards of Foreign and Home Missions The invitation was promptly accepted. the need of such oneness of method as After the service was over the guest shall simplify the work all along the line. s'aid to the pastor: The insistent derr:ands of the mission cause have indicated the need of a cJear- "When I was a boy in China I was cut, definite administrative policy." acquainted with some Christian people and I thought highly of Christianity. The conference had no power of de- I had never identified myself with it, cision on any matter, but agreed upon but, when I was appointed to America many recommendations to be considered, I decided I wanted to throw in my lot and, if possible, ratified by the various with Christian people there, and made Boards represented. up my mind that I would accept the first invitation which was given me to Labrador Missionaries on Parole attend a Christian service."

ACTING under instruction from the There was a pause which was scarce- Dominion Government, Captain ly perceptible, then he continued: Jackson of the Labrador coast brought with him to St. John's, Newfoundland, "This is the first invitation I have on his first trip southward in the sum- had !" mer, all the male Gentians connected with the Moravian Mission in Labrador. The man who spoke was Wu Ting Fang. As a result of an interview which the captain thereupon had with the This was not his first but his last Minister of Ju.stice at St. John's, and Sunday in America. Before another of the previous intervention of His Sunday had dawned this man, who had Excellency the Governor and of the been Minister from China to Christian mission agent in that city, the mis- America, was on his way home. sionaries and storekeepers who had been brought down werr~ all allowed Who can say what would have been to return' to their posts, hut they were the results if the invitation to go to a accompanied by three or four police- Christian service had been given him men. These had instructions to stay at on his first instead of his last Sunday the stations until the last ship visited in America?-Woman's Work.

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LATIN AMERICA ces Town: "I was glad to find that Mr. Paul Bhaktawar Das, the catechist, The Church of Rome at Its Worst had done his best to keep up the Hindi service. T HE Bishop of Argentina, Dr. Every, in an article to which The "A meeting of our catechists was held East and the West, of July, accorded and the rector, at my request, attended the premier place, says some very pun- and presided. Several important matgent things of the Roman Catholic ters were discust, including extension Church in South America, where he of work, training of East Indian teachsays that Church is admittedly at its ers and mission workers for the future, worst. "There is', unfortunately, no traveling expenses of catechists, etc. question as to the debased moral at- The rector told us that there were mosphere of Latin American lands, and about 200 Indian children in four of it is impossible not to hold the Church the schools in the parish, but nothing largely responsible. Then~ is no Chris- was being done for them in their own tian, nor partially Christian, public language. Some of them attend the OpllllOn. Integrity and clean living religious instruction in English, sit for are not expected. Honor and truth the religious examination, and do well. are exceptional. There is a general lax attitude of tolerance toward every- "The distinguishing feature of the thing, including vice. . . . . Among meeting was the spontaneous request of the mass of the educated men faith is the catechists for regular and systemdead. Religion is a matter of custom, atic instruction in Hindi for themnot conviction. The tone of the univer- selves." sities, which, of course, includes all the leading and professional men of the Bible Colportage on the Amazon future, is frankly unchristian. It causes astonishment if any educated man is a THE British and Foreign Bible Sotrue believer." In his judgment, the ciety is to have an oil-driven facts honestly studied would justify launch for the evangelization of the the viewing of South America as an tribes of the 50,000 miles of navigable open mission field, and he evidenly waterway on the Amazon and its wishes that the English Church would tributaries. Hitherto, Bible colportage so view it.-C. M. S. Review. has been carried on from the regular steamers which ply up and down the~ Hindus in the West Indies great river, but these stop only at speci- fied points so that thorough colportage T HERE' are in the diocese of Trini- of the region has been difficult. The dad, in the West Indies, over 100, new steamer, built at the modest cost 000 Indians who have come there to of $3,000, will be able to carry a ton labor on the sugar and other planta- of Bibles, sufficient food, water (for tions. A large amount of successful the Indians often poison the water of missionary work has been carried on streams in order to kill the fish), and among them by the S. P. G., and as will be provided with sleeping quarters a result of an increased grant which where the colporteur can protect himthe Society was able to make the Rev. self from the dangerous' insects which Ramprasad Dube, an Indian Brahman, swarm about the river banks. Mr. Walwas lately appointed to assist Mr. Rag- key, an Anglican missionary who bir in superintending the work which knows the Amazon thoroughly and is a is being done among the Indians. qualified engineer, has cooperated help- fully in the venture. His theory is that He wrote after his first visit to Prin- by evangelizing the Indians of the waterways the Indians further in the

forests can be later reached by means bambo'o grove at night. Then they put of the Christianized tribespeople. The it in the church in Atibaia, but it younger Indians of the region are wouldn't stay there either. So the priest largely able to read, having been announced that the only thing to be taught, in many cases, in return for done was to build a church at the their services as rubber collectors. The place where the image wanted to stay. Bible is the only literature in the ver- The church was built, then one or two nacular accessible to them, hence they houses, and now after many years the are always ready to buy it.-Record of place has grown up into a village. Christian Work. But far more rapidly than the village, A Brazilian's View of Protestant ha, grown the fame of the miraculous Missions image, or saint, as they call it. From far and near the pilgrims attend and A MISSIONARY was present at a go through all sorts of idolatrous prac- tises of fulfilment of vows. The sad- meeting held in the Lapa theatre, dest and most significant thing to a when an audience of more than 200 believer in Christ about the worship people, representing aU classes of so- of this image is the name by which the ciety, listened to an address by a lead- people call it, "Saint Good Jesus of the ing citizen on "The Return of the Pardons." This is in itself a revelation Prodigal Son." of the ignorance of the people and an appeal for fuller knowledge of the real He was a Roman Catholic, but when nature of Christ.-Christian Observer. asked if the Americans had a mission among his people, he replied, "Yes, a AFRICA twofold mission, to correct the abuse, of the Roman Church and to give re- "What Vould Jesus Do?" ligious comfort to the people, that is, to give the masses the Gospe1." OF what use are Christian Sunday- schools in Moslem lands? A strik- The missionary later went to visit ing answer is given in a little incident him and offered to read to his mother, related by an eye-witness to Mrs. Finif she desired, some comforting words ney, one of the American missionaries of the Savior. "After I reached Curi- in Alexandria. tyba, I sent him two pamphlets and received an appreciative letter. Some An Australian soldier, who had been day some of those men and women I in the cafes and drink shops, was met will be the first members of the sauntering down the street when he Presbyterian Church of Lapa." was laid hold of by two gay and prof- ligate women, one on each arm. Each A"Saint Good Jesus of the Pardons" was coaxing him. At that moment a FEW miles from the town of Ati- bright Egyptian lad was coming from baia, in the State of S. Paulo, the opposite direction, and the soldier Brazil, there is a small, out-of-the-way in an offhand way called out to him, village, where every year the Roman "Boy, which one shall I go with?" Catholic Church holds one of its most The lad stopt a moment and then, lookcelebrated festivals in this part of the ing straight up into his face, replied in country. It is said that once upon a clear, simple English, "What would time an image of Jesus was discovered Jesus do?" The soldier was so taken in a bamboo grove there and put by aback and so deeply touched that he the priest in the church at Nazareth, flung himself loose, and running down near-by. But it did not want to stay the street, disappeared from view. there, so miraculously went back to the The British officer who noticed the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

affair stept up and asked the lad in Uganda for volunteers to go among where he had learned English, and was the tribes of the Mongalla province, told that the boy was a pupil in the toward whom Islam is making rapid American Mission school in Alexandria strides. The C. M. S. mission among and that this very verse had been ex- them has now been in existence for 10 plained by one of the teachers at Sun- years, and still looks forward to its day-school. first baptism. Of African Moslems the Boys of the Munchi Tribe Seek Christ people have seen many, often in high positions of trust and responsibility, W RITING from Salatu, Mr. A. S. but of African Christians they have Judd, of the Sudan United Mis- come into contact with none. The sion, gives the following encouraging first to respond to the appeal were two particulars of a movement which has boys in their third year at King's just begun in one of the tribes among School, Budo, followed by a pupil whom the society is at work: teacher from Ndeje. At the communion service held for members of the Synod "You will be pleased to know that we the Bishop appealed to the elder clergy have had quite a movement among the and lay readers to send one of their boys here during the past few days. number as leader of the new Mission. One evening a lad of 16 years of age One of the oldest of the Baganda came to see me; he wanted to follow clergy, the Rev. Yosuwa Kiwavu, ofthe Christ. The next evening another fered himself, notwithstanding his adcame, and evening after evening I vancedage and the fact that he has have had seekers after the way of truth already spent many years of exile in until there are now twelve of the Busoga, the last two years of them in school-boys who have exprest their de- a remote and dangerous out-station, termination to follow the Master. Some for the evangelization of which he are quite young, but three are approach- volunteered to leave his comfortable ing manhood, and they have given their home. It is little, to be wondered at testimony, very clear and definite, in that such an example was emulated. public. They will be marked men now. In a few hours' time three other Bag- The others, being younger, have not anda clergy and two lay readers also spoken in public, but they all take part offered, of whom the two latter were in their own prayer meetings, and we eventually chosen to accompany Kiwavu have had quite a number of these. The and to travel into the Sudan with Mr. boys have to spend much of the day Shaw on his return journey. on their farms, driving off birds from the ripening crops'. On Sunday, as they could not get in for service on the News From West Africa F station, they held a service out in the OUR members of the West Africa Mission of the Presbyterian Board fields. This was their own idea. We shall have to give time to the training arrived in New York, December 15th, of these boys, for they will need much and reported that they received only help." courteous treatment in German Kame- run, Spanish Guinea and from the of- THE Baganda Missionaries for the Sudan ficials of the French and British cruis- Uganda Synod appealed for ers who boarded their ship.

workers for the pagan Anglo- Before leaving Kamerun, the entire Egyptian Sudan, and a very speedy re- party pledged themselves to say noth- sponse has come from the Uganda ing of military conditions in Kamerun.

Church. The Rev. A. Shaw, of Malek, They were permitted, however, to tell on the White Nile, has been appealing anything regarding the missionaries

and the work. From the necessity laid he must, as a Christian, try at least upon them on account of the lack of to get rid of from a heart only too foreign food, the missionaries have cul- ready to entertain it. Patriotism, selftivated their gardens much more than sacrifice, calm courage as connected in former years. One of the mission- with war, are strange notions hard to aries has succeeded in producing a understand. Then he is told of hosplantain flour and a toothsome syrup pitals, Red Cross work, mercy to all out of a native cane. The industrial non-fighters, and so forth, and hearing work has practically ceased because of this he looks at the pictures' of fighting a lack of cloth for making garmerrts, in Belgium I What is he to, think? of leather for making shoes, and a lack What can he possibly make of it all? of demand for chairs and tables, and Christianity is essentially to him the refor building of any kind. While war ligion of peace and mercy. He can only conditions are irksome, and at times think one thing: that the white man seriously interfere with the work, the teaches one way and follows another. greatest courtesy has been shown the And so he keeps silent, because such American representatives. thoughts are neither clearly formed in his mind, nor would he like to express The returned missionaries did not them if they were." think that their comrades are in any danger. Bible-work in New Zealand The girls' schools are all closed, but THE British and Foreign Bible Sothe boys' schools are running, only with ciety's latest report from New Zeareduced numbers. The most striking of all the statements regarding the land, has recently reached London. In work is that the offerings while pos- a year, which included nine months of sibly not equalling those of former the great war, New Zealand has conyears, are remarkable, the people giving tributed to the B. F. B. S. no less than out of extreme poverty, and realizing £2,382; this total contains a gift of £349 the great need on account of war con- from the Otago Bible Society, but it ditions. takes no account of legacies from New Zealand, which have reached the record THE ISLANDS OF THE SEA sum of £4,324. A New Testament was placed in the hands of each soldier of A The Puzzled Melanesian the New Zealand contingent, which has CORRESPONDENT writes in been fighting with such magnificent gal- The Southern Cross Log: lantry in the Dardanelles. "Readers may be interested to hear how, as far as one can judge, the catas- Hospital Ship for the Sulu Islands trophe of the war apears to the mind of the ordinary Melanesian Christian. ONE of the missionaries of the Epis- A thing that strikes one very much copal Board in the Philippines says is his intense interest in it. that the greatest advent of the past Next to his intense interest is his year in that mission has been the conreserve about what he really thinks. joint acceptance by the Philippine gov- His attitude as a Christian is hard to ernment and a private philanthropy in probe. Here are Christian nations' all America of the proposition submitted fighting together on an enormous scale. by Bishop Brent for a hospital ship for But war to him means murder, and the Sulu Archipelago. It is hoped that murder he has learned is a sin, and this institution will be a center of inutterly and entirely un-Christian. War struction and healing to 200,000 natives. means revenge, and revenge he knows '1~t : BOOKS ON Ml3SIONS @.-.; /~ " AND – : / ……………….. . ".".. MI3SION LANDS .. .— – …./. . ". -~….. ………….

The China Mission Year Book for 1915. The Students of Asia. By Sherwood Edited by D. MacGillivray. 12mo. 586-252 Eddy. 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volunteer pp. With new missionary map of China, Movement, New York, 1915. 20×22 inches. $2.00, net. Christian Litera- The students of to-day are the leaders ture Society, Shanghai, China, 1915. of to-morrow and Mr. Eddy has wisely The China Mission Year Book has devoted his life to bringing the message come to be looked upon as an institution of Christ to the students of Asia. In -a servant of the cause of Christ and India and China he has held remarkable of progress in China. evangelistic meetings at which thousands have been enrolled as enquirers'. In the Volume six contains an immense present volume he studies the countries amount of valuable information not only of Asia from the students' standpoint, the on Christian progress but on the political, present intellectual awakening, the new commercial, educational, and social de- student life and ideals; the student velopment of China. Many of these leaders in India and China; the successchapters are contributed by specialists ful methods employed in student work and all are carefully edited. Dr. Arthur and the present call of Asia to Christian H. Smith writes the survey for 1914 America and England. The appendices and the story of Christian churches in deal with the contrasts between orient China. and occident, moral instruction in Japan- ese schools, typical questions asked by There are also sections on Meetings of Japanese, and the religions of China. Federal Councils, on the distribution of missionaries, the post-office as an evan- Mr. Eddy's book will be especially gelizing agency, social service in China, helpful to the students of North America. Woman's Work in China, and a full list It is more of a general presentation than of over 400 missionaries and 80 foreign a detailed study of the subject, but it is missionary agencies in China and For- an inspirational message drawn from acmosa. The statistics are informing but tual contact with Asiatic students. incomplete. The map in three colors is a unique production prepared by the Missions and Leadership. By J Camp- China Continuation Committee. It shows the various mission centers with 1 to 5, bell White, LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. SOc. N. 6 to 15, 16 to 25, 26 to 50, and more than Collier Printing Co., Wooster, Ohio, 1915. SO missionaries respectively. Other marks Dr. White is well-known as the organindicate the unoccupied citie~ distinguish- izer and for many years the general ed according to their size and importance. secretary of the Laymen's Missionary Movement. He is a clear thinker and The railroads-in operation and pro- forceful speaker and has won a right posed-the canal and trade routes are to speak on missions and leadership-as also marked. The parallels of latitude he has done in these lectures delivered in and longitude are omitted. These with South Carolina. First he declares and a key to mission stations would greatly gives facts to show that the present add to the value and usableness of the second decade of the twentieth century map. i!> "the decisive decade in missions." He points out that service to God and man is Agatho Rolf, O.M. Cap., of a German the only life purpose worth while and book. The author of this is a Roman that knowledge of world conditions and Catholic and of course he considers the spiritual forces is essential to power. In whole mission problem from that view- the chapter on money and the kingdom, point. Of the seven chapters, four are Dr. Vhite is especially at home. He devoted to comparisons between Roman makes figures talk. The final appeal for Catholic and Protestant missions in Asia personal service in the missionary cause and to a critical discussion of the "De- is a stirring and convincing argument for fects of Protestant Mission Methods,"

more thorough consecration to Christ. "Modern Tactics of Protestants in the He concludes: (1) "The World Field is Mission Proper," and "Protestant the only field; (2) The Great Commis- Methods of Awakening Missionary sion is the only commission; (3) Man is Zeal." It would be quite easy for God's chosen steward and messenger." a Protestant critic to make a for- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By midable list of the defects of Roman Elizabeth Cooper. Illustrated, Bvo, 162 Catholic Missions. Nevertheless Father pp. $1.50, net. Fred'k A. Stokes Co., 1915. Schwager's small book is wholesome Chinese women are just emerging from reading for Protestant missionary work- obscurity. They are showing their ers. It is well for us sometimes to see strength and are worthy of study. Miss ourselves as others see us. The view- Cooper bases her revelation of the women point of the author is distinctly continand home life of China on letters written ental, as distinguished from British and many years ago, so that the volume does American. His pre-suppositions material- not reveal the new women being pro- ly affect his jUdgment, but he is an able duced by modern civilization and mis- man and evidently intends to be fair and sions. The vast multitudes of China have honest. A reader who does not under- not changed very much, but they are stand the currents a.nd cross-currents of changing. life in Asia, might get a wrong impres- In the form of two series of letters as sion from Father Schwager's chapters, written by the wife of a high Chinese but the foreign missionary secretary and official to her husband, the author pic- the foreign missionary himself may find tures the thoughts and conditions of this little book interesting and suggestive.

Chinese women of the higher class. It is a secluded life, with many families under Working Women of Japan. By Sidney one roof~parents, children, mother-in- L. Gulick. Illustrated, 12mo, xiv-162 pp. law, son's-in-Iaw, and grandchildren. The 50 cents. Missionary Education Move- ment" New Yark, 1915.

wife, kwei-li, turns finally from the Dr. Gulick gives us here the first ex- Chinese gods to Christ and in Him finds tended treatment of the increasingly impeace. portant theme, the working women of Japan. A reviving Buddhism, under the Beautifully illustrated and well written, stimulus of Christian ideals, has renewed this illuminating story is well worth read- it, ancient interest in some forms of ing by young missionaries going to China philanthropy, but the serious problems of and by those at home who desire a industrialism have awakened little conglimpse of the inside of upper-class cern, except among Christians. The con- Chinese homes.

The Most Vital Mission Problem of ditions of women in domestic and agri- the Day. By the Rev. Frederick cultural employments, the more than Schwager, S.V.D. 12mo. Mission Press, 1,000,000 factory girls, the 30,000 geisha, Teckney, Illinois, 1915. A small volume, the 50,000 shogi, are set forth in useful hardly more than a bound pamphlet.

This is a translation, by the' Rev. detail. The closing chapter is devoted

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

to the Matsurgama Working Girls' ed. Missionaries and religion in Santo Home, the remarkable enterprise of Mr. Domingo are referred to a" follows: Shinjiro Omoto, which is illustrating to "Just what work Christian missionaries the community and to the government are doing among these people I do not one phase, at least, of the Christian know; but certainly there is a great op- solution of the problem of the working portunity, at any rate; the great needs of girl. the hour are education and religion. Until both come this will continue to be Historic Churches of Mexico. By Mrs. the most backward portion of the Vv-est- John Wesley Butler. Illustrated, 8vo, ern Hemisphere." 258 pp. $1.50, net. The Abingdon Press, New York and Cincinnati, 1915. Introducing the American Spirit. By Mrs. Butler's description of twoscore Edward A. Steiner. Illustrated. 12mo. pp. $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., Mexican churches, noteworthy as ex- 1915. ponents of the legends and traditions of their ecclesiastical system, is of value Professor Steiner is never dull. He is to the tourist in search of Spanish archi- always original and thought-compelling, tecture and local color. To the student and his latest volume is worth reading. of mission fields and faiths this record Americans will here see themselves as of the visions and miracles upon which others see them; foreigners will see these churches have been founded and America as a loving adopted son sees his of the credulity of their worshipers is foster-mother country. The description a revelation of the Roman Catholic of America and the interpretation of the Church in that country. The conclusion American spirit is given in the form of is inevitable that the Mexican people a bright, entertaining narrative. A Gerhave received stones for bread. "The man director and his wife are guided hungry sheep look. up and are not fed." through the whirl and beauties of Amer- ican life and scenery with a running Bahaism and Its Claim. By Samuel G. fire of criticism and repartee that reveals Wilson, D.D. 8vo, 298 pp. $1.50 net. Flem- the failings and excellencies of the land ing H. Revell Co., 1915. and the people. Bahaism claims to have somewhat Along the Trail. By Sarah G. Pomeroy. similar relation to Islam as Christianity 12mo. 96 pp. 40 cents, net. Fleming H. has to Judaism. It is founded on Islam, l.evell Co., 1915. but has advanced to broader and higher Juniors will be greatly interested in spiritual ideals under the lead of a new teacher. Bahaism is far from Christian this collection of pen pictures of Indians, and it would be well for those who are Pilgrim fathers, Eskimos, Negroes, lenient toward it in England and Amer- mountaineers and foreigners in America to read this revelation. Ica. It is full of life and color, and seems more like a collection of traveI- The Future of South America. By Roger tales than a text-book. W. Babson. Map. 12mo, 407 ~<). $1.50, net. Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1915. The Revelation. By Arno C. Goebelein. 12mo. 208 pp. 50 cents, net. "Our Latin-America is in the public eye. It Hope," New York, 1915. is a coming continent. Mr. Babsun deals The most obscure book of the New with its great commercial future, taking up in detail the conditions in each separ- Testament is the most fascinating to ate country in turn. The suggestions those who study it with a key to unlock to those having trading interests in its treasures. Mr. Goebelein has given South America are of particular value. us both an analysis and an interpretation PopUlations and educational conditions that are worthy of careful study. The are indicated briefly, but social and re- imagery, the prophecies, the meaning all ligious conditions are scarcely mention- require deep study, and it is not surpriz-

ing that there are different interpreta- My Lady of the Chinese Courtyard. By tions. Mr. Goebelein recognizes the Elizabeth Cooper. 12mo, xvi-262 pp., Ilvarious "schools" and himself looks to the future for fulfilment. The Scarlet lustrated. $1.50, net. Frederick A. Stokes Woman he accepts as picturing the Papal Co., New York, 1915. system and the thousand years as following the destruction of world by em- Sketches From Formosa. By the Rev. W. pires and the personal return of Christ. Campbell, D.D. F.R.G.S. 6s. Marshall It is a study Biblical and spiritual with Bros., Ltd., London, 1915. abundant reference to history. A Short History of Japan. By Ernest Blood Against Blood. By Arthur S. Booth-Clebborn. 12mo. 176 pp. 50 Wilson Clement. Illustrated, Map, x-190 cents, net. Charles C. Cook, N ew York, pp. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1915. 1915. The writer, a son-in-law of General Missions and Leadership. By J. Camp- bell White, M.A." LL.D. 16mo. 192 pp. William Booth of the Salvation Army, 50 cents, net. Presbyterian Committee of makes a vigorous and impassioned protest Publication, Richmond, Va., 1915. against war. It is a tremendous indict- The Inspiration of Responsibility and ment, and calls for careful consideration Other Papers. By the Rt. Rev. Charles on the part of Christians. Whatever the motives for human warfare, itS' methods H. Brent. 12mo, 236 pp. $1.50, net. are unchristian and brutish, Longsman, Green & Co., New York, 1915.

Christian Psychology. By Rev. James Fifty Years' Ministry, 1865-1915. Mem- Stalker, D.D. 12mo. 281 pp. $1.25, net. ories and Musings. By the Rev. Wm. Geo. H. Doran Co., New York, 1915. Cuff. Is., net. Baptist Union Publica- While many of us do not agree with tion Department, London, 1915. Dr. Stalker in all of his statements and conclusions, missionaries and students Their Call to Service. A Study in the wiII find these studies valuable. They Partnership of Business and Religion. relate to the various faculties and senses, By Philip E. Howard. 16mo, 157 pp. 60 and their inftuencee on morals and reli- cents, net. The Westminster Press, Philagion. The volume is written in Dr. Stal- delphia, 1915. ker's own clear and forceful style The Reign of the Prince of Peace. By Overtaking the Centuries; or, Modern Women of Five Nations. By A. Estelle Richard Hayes McCartney. 12rno, 160 Paddock. Pamphlet. 40 cents, paper; 60 pp. Charles C. Cook, New York, 1915. cents, cloth. National Y. W. C. A., New The Kingdom in History and Prophecy. York, 1915. By Lewis Sperry Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. The Y. W. C. A. work has been reach- 75 cents, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., ing out to the women of all nations. Its New York, 1915. peculiar field, history, methods and excellent results are here given in brief Children in South America. By Katherine but interest-compelling form. A. Hodge. Illustrated. 12mo, 128 pp.

NEW BOOKS Is. Sd., net. Oliphants, Ltd., Edinburgh China Mission Year Book, being "The 191~ , Christian Movement in China," 1915 The Second Missionary Adventure. By (Sixth Year of Issue). Edited by Rev. D. Warren H. Wilson. 16mo, 32 pp. 35 Yceonrts~ MacGillivray, M.A., D.D. 12mo, xi-S86, net. Fleming H. Revell Co. New 252, Ivi pp. $4.00. With Map. Christian 1915. ' Literature Society for China, Shanghai, 1915. Church Finance. A Study of Wrong The Students of Asia.By Sherwood Eddy. Illustrated, 12mo, 223 pp. Student Volun- Methods and the Remedy. By Frederick teer Movement, New York, 1915. A. Agar. 12mo. 108 pp. 50 cents. Mis- sionary Education Movement, New York, m~ Was It Worth While? The Life of Theo- dore Storrs Lee. By Some Friends of His. 12mo. 178 pp. Illustrated. 50 cents net. Association Press, New York, 1915: How to Live. Rules for Healthful Living b~sed on Modern Science. By Irving FIsher and Eugene Lyman Fisk, M.D. Illustrated, 12mo, xxiii-345 pp. $1.00, net. Funk & WagnaIIs Co., New York, 1915.

The Negro. By W. E. Burghardt Du Bois Ph.D. 254 pp. 50 cents. Henry, Holt Co., New York, 1915.

A Woman in the Sahara. By Helen C. Gordon. Illustrated, 350 pp. 65., net. Heinemann, London, 1915.

Sav_;;e Man in CLtra1 Africa. A study of Primative Races in the French Kongo. By Adolphe Louis Cureau. Illustrated, 351 pp. 12s. 6d., net. Fisher Unwin, London, 1915.

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1914

ISLAM

Clues to the Contents TWErTY QUESTIO:S AiSWERED I~ TIIIS :CiIBER PREPARED BY }IRS. F, :.vI. GILBERT, BROOKLY"f, )J. Y.

1. Yhat out-af-door meetings for children begin with digging 111 the sand?

2. Dncler what circumstances did one tell the story of how in his youth he had stoned Adoniram Jnelson) 3. Vhat saying of the Prophet :Iohammed prevented the C011- verted Sheikh from accepting an invitation?

4. Vhat effect did the gift of the :IrssIONARY REVIEW OF THE YORLD have upon a pastor?

J. YVhen trying to solve a problem, what part of his body does a Siamese boy scratch, when an American would scratch his head?

6. ''!here and why have some British subjects declared their intention to become Frenchmen?

7. Vhat did some of the "Amazon Corps" carry under their arms as they set off for the front?

8. ''!hat missionary never gets provoked and endures all kinds of climate without danger? – 9. '1hat custom of European merchants is seriously hindering the work of missionaries on the Tibetan border?

10. In what land, to which missionaries first went only ninety years ago, is one church now supporting five foreign mis- sionaries?

I I. Into what was the dirty old Chinese theater transformed?

12. Vhat was the last word of the Zulu king to his people?

I3. J' ext to the Bible, what is the most wielely read book in the world?

I4. How did a Connecticut pastor solve the problem of his Sunday evening services?

IS. EOv many missionaries have gone out fro111 Dr. Robert F.

Horton's church in twenty-five years?

16. Why did the man seventy years old say that the story of Jesus could not be true?

J 7. The Graduate ~Cnion of Calcutta has undertaken what piece of work?

18. What Chinese province admits women to sit in the provincial assembly?

I9. What covenant did the owner of the nickel stores make with God?

20. '1hy did the Moslem father sav that it would be better for his boy to die than to be unable to bend his knee? -I ,i ~t.HltAijilff1rtfjrtfjritmllt"i/iljiriltlrrnlitrtfjit.HirDilltif]lnliifji/iljitlrrnlliillitnitlrrnIiiFl"it{(JIliWPl1W%MiI'li&l'if)irtfjWMiliidl ;::.:d~..N1I~':.:-J~~I~ ~… :r.~'.'I-'::'foIIl.'1'

u." f, "",t:!I;…,.l:I1 ":?I:Jr..J~~./'J, IllA.l<ll1t ·,1f.!t11"'H" '~""H It 1/1'/, Itt.I.Ut L ,{lUi! 4- " THE ISLAMIC FRATERNITY SIGNS OF WORLD-WIDE I NTEREST I N THE MOSLEM PROBLEM The numbe r of re views dev oted exclusively to the study of Islam ill ustrates forcibly the importance of th e proble m. The R ev'/./ c du, Afonde Mus~!lman has been published for seven years at Pari!? under ,th e editorship of P r ofessol- Chate11.er. It is a veritable encyclopedia of the Moslem thought ilnd politics of to -day. 1'"0 r evie ws are publis h ed in the German language: Der lsIam# by Professor B ecke r of Hamburg, one of the best-k n own authorities on Islam ifj. G:ermany'; a n d Die ','Velt des Islams? by P ro fessor George Kampffme ye r o f Be rlin. Jl. Ur Islatna is the Moslem World for . Russian reade rs, published by th e R oyal Society for Orie nta l . Stud ie!=i a t S t. Petersburg, under the editorship of Professor V. Barthold. The Moslems of India congratulate themselves in having a review (M·uslim India), publi she d in London, and r epresenting wha t is best · in Islam. The Review of Religions, published by the leaders of the Ahmadiyya Moveme:n t in the Panjab, has now reached volum e thirteen, and has ::t wide circulation. It undertakes to r efute all objections against ~ slam. In 1913 the Moslems of Pe king began to issue a bilingual monthly magazine in Arabic and Mandarin, entitled the fl.;los1em World. The Islamic FraternitJ' has b ee n published at irregular intervals at Tokyo, and is edited by an r ndian lIoslem. The only magazine that deals with the Moslem problem {rom the Christian mi ssionary standpoint is ThtJ M oslem I-Vorld~ published in London, and edit"'" by Rev, S. M , ZwemeI", D, D,

Missionary

~ of the World ~ Vol. XXXVII, NO.5 MAY, 1914 Vol. XXVII, No. 5 Old Seri.. New Series Signs of the· Times OUTLOOK IN THE KIKUYU Conference incident which require the CONTROVERSY most careful consideration, possibly of the whole Anglican Episcopate. AT the request of the Archbishop In the meantime, however, he pro- poses to bring the subject to the at- of Canterbury, Bishop Weston* tention of the Consultative Body of of Zarizibar has come to England to Bishops representing various branches discuss in person the charges brought of the Anglican Communion (ex- by him against Bishop Willis of clusive of the American Episcopal Uganda, and Bishop Peel of Mom- Church). This Consultative Body, basa, for their action in connection which was created by the last Lam- with the Kikuyu Conference. Both beth Conference, is to meet in Eng- sides to the controversy having now land in July, and the Archbishop been heard, the Archbishop has acted says that he will ask its opinion as with a directness and vigor that can to whether the suggested plan of co- only be characterized as statesman- operation considered at the Kikuyu like. In a recently published state- Conference contravenes any prinment the Archbishop says that after ciples of Church order, and whether careful consideration of all the docu- the action of the two bishops in ar- ments in the case and of the verbal ranging for the communion service statements made to him by the at the close of the conference is Bishops of Uganda and Zanzibar, he inconsistent with the principles acis unhesitatingly of the opinion that cepted by the Church of England. he could not allow any inquiry into the matter to take the form of pro- These questions, Archbishop Davidceedings against the Bishops of Mom- son pointed out, are not novel in their basa and Uganda for heresy and application. In one form or other ·schism. He agrees, however, that they have been before him in conquestions are involved in the Kikuyu nection with the missionary work in China, Japan, West Africa, and eise- * Not "Western," as erroneously printed in our M arch number. – The editors seek te> preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of Il;.'s REVIEW, but de> not acknowledge responsibility for opinions exprest, nor for positions taken by can· tributors of signed articles in tbese pages.-EDITORS.

where. If e declares that "in the stir by an occasional excess of zeal for and glow of modern mIssionary work the extension of God's Kingdom on and in the nOYI7 frequent interchange earth. . . . Some form of working of experience and counsel among arrangement between the Church of mIssIonaries belonging to different England and of the great Protestant branches of the Church of Christ, bodies of the empire . . . would be and in view of the ultimate growth the greatest religious event since the and extension of purely native Reformation, and the heaviest re- churches, such questions call im- sponsibility would rest upon those peratively for patient thought and who for party or sectional ends de- for definite answer." The Arch- liberately added to the difficulty of bishop closes his statement with a this wonderful consummation."

fine assurance that he will use all In the same spirit the Church prayerful endeavors under the guid- Times, which, altho the spokesman ance of God and by the blessing of for the more advanced section of the our Lord to reach in practical form English Church, has frankly exprest a right and wise solution. This the opinion that the Bishop of Zanzi- document has done much to relieve bar acted hastily, declares that "the the tension and to quiet discussion one thing supremely necessary is to in the Church of England. It re- observe the principle of Christian veals the Archbishop as a far- charity as worked out in the main sighted and broadminded statesman current of catholic order. That OUI of the Church. fathers in God may be guided aright The Bishop of Zanzibar is not en- . in treating these momentous ques- tirely satisfied with the tone of the tions must be the prayer of every Archbishop's reply, and has 110t hesi- Christian heart. Months, and per- tated to point out certain particulars haps years, of such prayerfulness lie in which he thinks the Archbishop before us."

has erred in his estimate of the situ- WORLD-WIDE INTEREST IN ation, but the great body of the MOSLEMS Church of England will undoubtedly accept the Archbishop's decision with FOR centuries the Church of Christ regard to the method of dealing with was inclined to look upon the the subject with satisfaction and con- .Moslem problem as well-nigh hope- fidence. The Guardian, which is less of solution without special inter- representative of what might be position of God. A few saints here and called the norm of English church- there, like Raymond Lull or Henry manship, says that "the missionaries Martyn or Keith-Falconer, essayed to who communicated together at preach Christ to Mohammedans or to Kikuyu may have been carried away translate the Bible into Arabic, but by enthusiasm and have failed to the vast body of Christians scarcely realize the significance that would be expected to make any decided Chris- attached to their action at home, but tian impression upon the followers at least it was a noble enthusiasm of the Prophet of Mecca.

and the Church of England is not To-day the situation has changed going to be rent from top to bottom so marvelously that we can only in-

OF THE TIMES 3~3

terpret the signs of the times as in- new organizations desire to begin dicating the purpose of God to lead missions to Moslems. 1lis Church to new advance and new victories over Islam. Twenty-five 2. There is a large increase of years ago a cloud, the size of a man's knowledge concerning the extent, the hanel, came on the horizon in the teachings, the practises and the presformation of the Arabian mission, ent progress of Islam. Books are and the going out of a young man, multiplying, study classes are formed, Samuel M. Zwemer, to labor in the periodicals and pamphlets are taking neglected peninsula for the conver- up the subject with new vigor, and sion of Moslems. Since then, by the men and women, formerly ignorant hIessing of God, and through the of the subject, are becoming inliterature, the addresses, and per- formed and interested. sonal influences of this man the whole Church has seen a new light 3. V a rio u s interdenominational on the problem. The heroic instinct agencies are taking up work for Mohas been awakened and the very hammedans. The World's Sundaydifficulties have been a challenge to school Association devoted a session faith and courage. Volunteers have to the subject at Zurich, and was come forward for Turkey, for China, so stirred by the report on the confor Arabia, and for North Africa; dition and neglect of Moslem chilcan ferences have been held; plans dren that it has raised nearly have been laid, and literature has been printed and widely distributed. $50,000 to send workers among Here are some of the signs that them. One missionary, Rev. Stephen seem to indicate that God is prepar- Van R. Trowbridge, and his wife, are ing for a new advance: to go to Cairo this autumn, and others are to be sent to Albania and 1. The growing interest in the Mo- elsewhere to work for Moslem chilhammedans on the part of the dren. This Association has also churches at home. Thus far only a voted to appropriate $1,000 a year few are working among them-the for the next three years to develop Presbyterians in Persia and Syria, suitable Christian literature for Mosthe Congregationalists in Turkey and lem children. At present they have Albania, the Reformed Church in nothing of the kind of reading that Arabia, the English Church Mission- means so much in training the youth ary Society in Persia, Palestine, of America and England. Tndia, and Egypt, the Methodists in North Africa and India, the United 4. The Y. M. C. A. is also looking Presbyterians in Egypt, and the on the Moslem field, and associations Netherland Societies in, the Dutch have been formed and secretaries ap- East Indies. Now, however, the pointed for Cairo, Jerusalem, Conchurches and missionary boards that stantinople, and other centers. Some have no work for Moslems are wish- of the most important Christian work ing to corne into line. They realize for Moslems is done among the that there is a contest worth enter- young men in colleges and univering. a victory worth winning. Many sities attended by them. Universities at home are interested in the oppor- tunity. Students at the University of Michigan are already responsible

for a mission hospital in Busrah, Nile 1[ ission Press. Their chief ob- Arabia. jection was apparently to the story 5. There are evidences of new of the "Twice-born Turk," now statesmanship in the Christian pro- heing published in the REVlEW, and paganda for Moslems. Conference a distaste for the truth, taught in the of workers among them-like that tracts, that Christ died on the cross- in New York in 1913-can not faii to a fact which they deny. The real . produce good results in a better un- cause for this antagonism is that the derstanding of the problem, better truth is having effect. The mission- methods and closer cooperation. A aries in Egypt are moving with tact new Christian university is now and caution, but in love and without sought for Cairo-one that will need fear, and the Government has re- $2,000,000 for its establishment, and fused to interfere.

will offer the best education to Mos- Surely this is a time for earnest lem youth; but under Christian in- prayer in behalf of Moslems, for fluences and with Christian teaching. converts and for missionaries work- There is a larger conception of ing among them. The wisdom and the task and the obligation before us. power of God are the only hope of The fields have been studied, and success, but the resources in the now plans are under consideration for hands of Christians must be placed reaching the untouched Moslems of at His disposal.

China, and for stemming the tide of WOMEN AND CASTE IN INDIA Moslem advance in Africa.

6. Lastly, there are stirrings In ONE of the greatest barriers to Moslem lands that indicate the awak- Christian progress in India is the ening of Mohammedans to the caste system. For a century Chris- strength of Christianity. Followers tian teaching and European civiliza- of the prophet are no longer indiffer- tion and commerce have been at ent or confident of their impregnabil- work to disintegrate this barrier, and ity to Christian truth. Conversions there are increasing evidences that it in Malaysia, in India, in Africa and is slowly crumbling. An 0 the r Turkey have opened their eyes to the hindrance to Christian civilization is all-conquering power of Christ, and th~ purdah or strict seclusion of the they are arousing themselves in op- better class of women.

position. Having lost political power The Indian Social Reformer of they can no longer openly carry out Bombay has printed some striking the decree of death to converts, but resolutions passed at the Seventh they are raising a hue and cry against Social Conference of the United the work of Christian missions. In Provinces of India: Egypt, Moslems not only persecute "This •conference is strongly of any .of their fellows who reveal an opinion that every effort should be interest in Christian truth, but they made to promote and expand the have endeavored to persuade the education of women-elementary, Government to put a stop to the dis- secondary, and higher-in these tribution of the Khutbas and other provinces, and considers it the duty Christian literature published by the of all educated Indians to take steps

OF THE

for the improvement of existing Representative Councils 'of Missions, schools and for the establishment of to effect greater efficiency, closer co- new ones. operation, and a more complete and "In the opinion of this conference scientific plan for the evangelization woman's progress in any sphere of of India. There are now Repre- life is absolutely impossible, unless sentative Missionary Councils for and until purdah is done away with. Madras, Bombay, Behar and Orissa, "This conference is of opinion that Mid-India, the United Provinces, the girls should not be married before Panjab, Bengal, and Burma, each of they are sixteen, and young men which has elected two members to before they have completed their serve on the first National Missionary education, and in no case before the Council. These elected members age of 21. have selected 20 others, so that 36 "This conference is strongly of form the first National Missionary opinion that the injustice of pro- Council.

hibiting young widows in certain Five Church of England bishops castes from remarrying should be re- are included in these members, and moved, and that those who remarry there are representative missionaries should not be excommunicated. of various other denominations. Spe- "This conference places on record cial attention may well be called to its conviction that the institution of the nine native Indians, two of them caste is obstructive to the progress of women, who are enrolled in this im- the Hindus toward the ideal of a portant body. These are Rev. L. T.

united nation, and urges that inter- Ah Sou of Rangoon, Mr. K. C.

dining without distinction of caste, Chacko of Travancore, Miss Khero and intermarriages between different Bose, Dr. S. K. Datta, her nephew, sects of the same castes, as also be- Rev. J. R. Chitamber, Mr. S. C.

tween members of the same caste in Mukerji, Dr. K. Pamperrien, Mr. R..

the different provinces of the country, T. Paul, and Miss Susie Sorabji.

should be actively promoted." The missionaries of one hundred It is inevitable that the caste sys- years ago would hardly have believed tem must go and with it Brahmin such a united missionary council to be prestige and the social ostracism of possible.

outcastes. It may take a century to FEDERATED MISSIONS IN JAPAN effect this result, but ultimately Christian brotherhood must win. THE annual conference of the Federated Missions in Japan has A NATIONAL MISSIONARY COUNCIL come to be recognized as one of the A FOR INDIA great forces in the missionary life of S one of the fruits of the con- the Land of the Rising Sun. The ferences on unity a national mis- work of the conference this year had sionary body for India has come into been prepared by committees who existence. The new council is purely had investigated in 15 or more great consultative and advisory in character, fields of inquiry. Industrial welfare, but it is full of promise, and is likely, eleemosynary work, distribution of in cooperation with the Provincial evangelistic forces, Christian litera-

ture, Christian education, temperance, of public funds and by plans to ininternational peace, Sunday-school stitute economical policies. work, summer schools, language schools, and schools for missionary Fortunately, this revolution is pochildren-these were some of the litical and not religious, so that the subjects regarding which the com- liberty of worship recently granted mittees presented their findings, after by an amendment to the PerUVIan which the conference actecl upon the Constitution wiII not be interfered recommendations growing out of the with. A correspondent of E'i'anreports. gclical Christel/dom in Cuzco writes that the Roman Catholic party worked Plans are also going forward for fnriously to stir up religious riots, the "Three Years Evangelistic Cam- and tried to prevent the amendment paign" to reach the unevangelized in from passing the Chamber of Depu- Japan. The whole country has been ties. However, all the predictions of divided into eastern and western dis- ruin which they proclaimed from press tricts, and plans 'Ire laid to begin and pulpit had no effect on the peofrom Moji and Shimoneseki in April ple at large.' Public sentiment and and work up the railway toward the free press heartily approved the Kobe before summer. The home passing of this measure, and some church should join in prayer that a even desired the complete removal of real revival will be experienced at Article 4 from the Statute Book. this very beginning of the campaign. The amended article reads: "The Nation professes the Catholic, Apos- I )ERTY AND REVOLUTION IN tolic, and Roman religion, and the PERU State protects it." The part removed reads, "and does not permit the pubpOLITICAL disturbances in the lic exercise of any other." The next republics of Latin America are step will be the separation of Churcll and State. so cOl11mon that comparatively little attention has been paid to the recent CORRECTIONS successful revolution 111 Peru. Colonel Benavides, at the head of On page 84 of the REVIEW for Febonly a thousand men, seized the ruary, the reference to American Bappresidential palace and took President tist Missions has to do with the Canadian BiIIinghurst prisoner. The Peruvian Baptists. (The Board of Missions of the Congress thereupon convened in ex- Baptist Convention of Ontario and traordinary session and elected a Quebec.) junta of six men to govern the country until a general election could be In the REVIEW 'for March a contrast held. It is doubtful if the revolution was drawn between God's love for the wiII advance prosperity in Peru, as world and that of American Christians. the deposed President is the son of as shown by their gifts. It should an English father and a Peruvian read: "American Protestant communimother, and had shown marked abil- cants so love the world that they give ity in political life. He created oppo- each year on the average eighty cents sition by his efforts to stop the waste per member, and one in 2,000 of their number as a missionary, that the un- evangelized world should not perish but have eternal life." The substitution of "eight" for "eighty" was a typographi- cal error.

HALL OF THE YOUNG WOMEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION, LAHORE, }NDIA

OPENED MARCH 24, 1913 A World-wide Work for Young Women A REMARKABLE HISTORY OF PROGRESS AND OF OPPORTUNITY BY MISS A . ESTELLA PADDOCK, NEW YORK Special Worker of tbe National Hoard of the Young Women's Christian Association HE most international, that is belting the globe, reaches even unto its womanhood. Turkish mT the most interracial, armies have striven, principalities the most inclusive in have been won and lost, but the veil faith, the broadest in of the Mohammedan woman has not scope, the largest and been Ii fted, nor has the sunlight most democratic or- penetrated to the harem. Last year, ganization of women in the world is Turkish women were plotters, inthe World's Young Women's Chris- stigators, parties in the New Turkish tian Association. The most startling, movement. The slogan, "Liberty, most revolutionary, and most sig- Equality, Fraternity, Freedom," has nificant facts of the past five years called to life schools for Turkish are concerned with the changes women, and when women go to among womanhood. Revolutions, school they com e away to a new refo..ms, and new governments life. In February of this year the among men constitute history. In Moslem Government adopted a policy isolated instances, the women of one more freighted with significance than or another nation have attained to a any other measure which the new new standard of life, but the sweep government has established. It has of the present national consciousness

opened Moslem universities to Mos- no other oriental country' has done lem women. thus far. The valued work of the The British Government of India Red Cross nurses in the war is as has deposed princes, elevated gov- deserving of honor as is the spirit of ernors, constructed cities, created her brave soldiers. The rapid growth irrigation systems, advanced educa- of industry, with the dearth of able- tion for men, but Indian women re- bodied men, has hurried nearly a _mained untaught, secluded by re- half million of Japanese women and ligious custom, exposed to the lust children into her factories, working of men in temple, in market, and in for twelve hours a day. The Gov- marriage. Recent Indian national ernment employs 13,000 young consciousness has brought new laws women in post-offices and railway for women. These were formulated offices, while the educational system by Indians. They secure protection has assembled 15,000 young women to young girls, advance the age of in high schools, colleges, and univer- marriage, allow widows to remarry, sities of Tokyo. One-half of these and in one state they have cleared are strangers to the complex life of the temples of dancing-girls. The the great city.

British Government has re-established Immigration, that great and threat- education for women. ening, but resourceful asset of the In China the revolution was fol- United States, has produced in Latin- lowed by a rebellion. The unstay- America, especially in Buenos Aires, able tide of modern progress that is a most crucial need. Thousands of sweeping that mighty people to its women from all the nations of destiny as a leading race among man- l'~urope and from the United States kind has swept deep enough to in- feel the call of adventure to that clude Chinese womanhood. In great continental metropolis, seeking 1902, aside from mission schools, a. possible fortune. The cost of there were two schools for girls in living there is extremely high and China. To-day, there are few towns moral safeguards are almost wholly of any importance, from the coast to lacking. Spanish-speaking women the remote inland, where may not be are stirring to the new life.

found provision for the education of Following the advance guard of girls. The power to organize, to Christian missions throughout the agitate, that was learned in par- world, and at the request of the mis- ticular during the anti-foot-binding sionaries, the World's Committee of crusade, has produced women's the Young Women's Christian Asso- clubs; clubs opposed to the mother- ciation* has been called upon to in-law; clubs for literary develop- – ment; a sporadic suffragist move- • The World's Young Women's Christian Asso- ment; a boycott against an immoral ciation has its headquarters in London. 1111 ex- governor, and other local but im- exutive committee is British, its World's Secre- pressive movements. tary is American. Constituting the World'. Japan, with twenty-five years of Association are ,eighteen nations organized na- education for women, is employing tionally to promote tbe work of the -Young them in offices and in industries as Vomen's Cbristian Association, together witb fifteen nations not yet fully organized. Appeal. for foreign work of the Young Women" Cbri. lian Association are .ent to the World', Com-

A WORLD-WIDE WORK FOR YOUNG

supply secretaries, whose work in with the greatest amount of educamission lands is to study these great, tion thus far to be found among immediate transitional movements . women in those countries. In India, among women, and to seek to guide when the Government discontinued Christian and non-Christian young primary education for girls, because women in their relation to these developments in the home, in social, in industrial, and in religious life.

To those who have the privilege of acquaintance with other lands, other peoples, the word "foreign" is becoming a term obsolete in its generally accepted meaning. It is our ignorance, not alone the ignorance of the Near East or the Far East, that has made their women different from liS. With the adoption of modern inventions, modern conveniences, modified modern customs, the women of the Eastern world a're being classified in terms of America and of Europe, and lo! they are like us-so like llS!

Work Among Women Students DU . LI 131 CU-CHINESE Y. W. C. A. WORKER Practically every nation has now A C h ristian Ph ys ician in th e Methodist Hospital, institutions for the education of N gncheng, China women. In the Near East there are few; in the Far E ast, with the ex- of the lack of response of the people ception of Japan, until the last de- to the provision made for it, miscade, there were none. Everywhere sions iucreased their efforts. In there is a developing sentiment that China, the most effective teachers a nation's progress is dependent upon 111 Government schools have been its women's education. Japan has 10rmer students in Christian mishad an educational system for women sion schools. Of thirty-one Chinese for more than a quarter of a cen- women educated abroad, eight are tury. Christian missions of India, now teachers in mission schools; five China and Turkey are to be credited are physicians in mission hospitals; nine are married and occupying inrnittee, and by them delegated to various countries fluential social positions; one has who . may be able to supply the workers. Thu s private medical practice; one is 111 far, England, United States, Canada, and Au.· Government medical work; one In traHa on]y have sent secretaries to countries ab road: T..bese secretaries are trained, appointed, and financed by the nation from which they are sent.. Their activities a re directe d by a National Committee in the coun try to which they are sent . The Natjo~al Board of the Young Women 's Christian Association of the United States has sent out to fiv e fore ign countries thirty-t wo workers, all of th em experienced v omen in Assnc1-ation" w01'k in the United States.

social work; two at home; one usefulness of the Association for the teaches in a private school; three women of Tokyo. A large number are secretaries of the Young vVo- of members attending the Bible men's Christian Association. One classes and socials are young women of these latter, a graduate of from Government and private schools Teachers' College, is director of edu- of Japan's capital. Japanese women cational work in Shanghai; one who have lived abroad are strong from Wellesley is director of physical leaders in the Association social life. education, and one, with two years of training in England, is associate In India, the British Government general secretary of the Shanghai has provided schools for teachers for Association. The national secretary technical training and medicine. In of Japan, a graduate of Bryn Mawr, Calcutta, 370 women are in atis a Japanese woman whose influence tendance at these schools; in the has been felt not only in the United Collegiate School there are 170; in States, but· in Britain and on the medicine, 49; in teachers' training, continent. She has recently been in I49. Thousands of girl students are Formosa conducting evangelistic ser- found in the lower schools. In the ;ices for the Presbyterian Church. total number of high schools of A Smith College graduate is secre- India, the girls number 17,000, of tary at Yokohama. The most whom 10,000 are Christians, demonprominent leader of education among strating the contribution of mission Japanese women, a former student work to the education of Indian of Bryn· Mawr, has been president women. The Government schools of the Tokyo Association for six provide no religious instruction. years, and is now serving on the Many of the students are not resi- National Committee of Japan. dents of the city where they are studying. The Association, therefore, In the mission schools of China, renders a very vital service to Govthere are thirty-three branches whose ernment students by providing hostels, work is analagous to the student arranging for supplementary educawork in the United States. In Japan tion, as well as Bible instruction. there are eighteen branches; in Turkey, approximately fifteen; and In the schools of Turkey may be in India fifty-eight. There is in the found young women of varying cities of the Far East no sharp line of nationalities – Greeks, Armenians, demarcation between what is known Bulgarians, French, Jews, Servians, in America as college and city work. Albanians, Arabs, and Turks. To Thus, in Tokyo, the work of the city each of these young women her na- Association has to do largely with tion and her religion are inseparable. students in the Government schools. Dr. Mary Mills Patrick of the Con- Twenty-seven student Bible classes, stantinople College for Women, dewith an enrolment of 240, meet fines the need of the Turkish girl to weekly under the auspices of the be that of character training, of de- Tokyo Association. Socials are fre- veloping power to make life more quently held, and Japanese pastors comfortable, to learn economic ways and missionaries attest the growing and means, to be taught practical methods of living. To assist in this

A WORLD-WIDE WORK FOR YOUNG WOMEN 33

work in the schools-Christian, Mo- conditions, birth and death rate, emhammedan, and Jewish as God directs ployment, education, and the propor- -two secretaries were sent in I9I3 tionate share of each race and each ' to study conditions in Turkey and to religion in relation to these various prepare to guide this work for civic conditions. Few, if any, cities Turkish women. in the United States can present any such complete catalogue of existing Amona the Graduate Students conditions. There are sixty mem- bers of this union. In the Shanghai, The Graduate Union of Calcutta is AT THE ANDOZAKA HOSTEL OF THE TOKYO Y . W. C. A.

an organization oi Indian, British, China, Association there IS a recent and American women, graduates of organization called the "Returned universities in their respective coun- Students' Club," which is uniting the tries. This is the largest qrganized young women in Shanghai, who have body of educated women i~ India, studied in the Unite~ States, for the and has made a unique and alto- purpose of inspiration and for congether excellent study of Calcutta. sidering plans of work for their own The report of the commission deals people. with oriental conditions which alone are usually baffling to tabulate. The Hostel.. and their Value Despite the complexity of the city, there is given a summary of the Madras has two hostels for sturaces, religions, health, and sanitary dents-one for Indian students, one

for Europeans and Anglo-Indians.* baptized into the Church. Vassar Bombay has a student hostel. It was College has contributed funds for in one of the hostels in India that a that part of the new central building Hindu girl student came to her first which will be used as a hostel. It is knowledge of the Gospel of Christ. to be built on a site provided by an During her second year of residence American friend. These student she attended a camp in the hills and hostels in Tokyo are in close touch became a Christian. She invited a with the Bible class work conducted group of her friends to study the through the city Association. In Scriptures. On her return to the Shanghai there is considerable decity she was urged to inform her mand for hostel accommodation, parents of her intention to receive which is provided for only in part baptism. This she was very reluctant in the present headquarters. The to do, but finally consented to go to need for hostels in Canton is them with her request for their per- evidenced by the request made by mission. The result she feared fol- the director of education for the lowed-messengers came in haste to province, that the Canton Association take her home. All communication provide a hostel for Government with everyone in the association was school girls. forbidden. For months nothing was learned of her, then it transpired Y. W. C. A. Buildings and Hnmes that her parents had hastened her into a marriage with a man for The National Board of the United whom she had no respect. She was States has been liberal in assisting taken by him to another city. All the cities in the Far East in securing that can be done for her must be buildings for local work. In India, done by prayer. at Lahore, Madras, Calcutta, and Colombo, buildings have been pro- In the University Settlement of vided. A central building in Tokyo Bombay, affiliated with the Young is to be soon under construction. Vomen's Christian Association, the brighter side of the picture is seen. For the European and Indian A splendid Parsee young woman, wo'men, in seventeen cities of India who has accepted Christ, is now one boarding homes are established. of the staff of workers in the Settle- These are in some places the only ment. She is a tremendous power safe provision for residence for among the Parsee women in the city young women in the cities. Some of Bombay. of these homes are open to transient guests from other countries. In In Tokyo, Japan, two centrally Tokyo there is a residential club and located hostels of the Young pension open to Western women Women's Christian Association, with guests, Yokohama. influenced by the Japanese matrons, are constantly Tokyo Association, has organized its filled with residents. Last vear, thir- Japanese business girls of superior teen .of these young women were education into a branch having their own secretary and club rooms. .. "Anglo-Indian" is the term adopted by the British Government for the people formedy It was during a social event at the known as Eurasian. Buenos Aires Association-the home

c- WORLD-WIDE WORK FOR YOUNG WOMEN

was open to inspection to all guests; lIational director of physical work all the rooms were decorated and the who had been for fifteen years supper was in progress-that a note director at the University of Wiswas passed along to the mistress of consin. She is meeting with enceremonies, "My room is shut and couragement from Government offidark, do not attempt to open it." After cials, heads of Government schools, the evening's festivities were con- and from the missionaries. Japan cluded explanation came—–a home- has a well-developed physical system less, intoxicated, wandering woman in its own public schools. had been brought to the Association doors. There was a hasty call for Work for the Nurses the secretary, and having nowhere else to care for her on this festive It was through a student in Tokyo, night, the secretary had used her Japan, a patient in a hospital, that own room as a shelter to the wan- attention was called to the 3,000 derer, that she might be restored to nurses in Tokyo. The young woman herself and to her God. had come from a family whose re- ligion was idolatrous rather than The Indian Young Women's Chris- ethical. She attended the private tian Association has six holiday school of Miss Tsuda, a Christian homes for women. These provide a and a leading Japanese educator. social and recreative refuge for the /oluntary Bible classes under the membership. They come from the Association are held in the school. hot cities of the plains for quiet The second year there is a required times of meditation to these homes in course of ethics. This the yOl1ng the hills. Bombay held two camps woman studied thoroughly, as she last December for school girls, at- did all her work. Her position was tended by Parsees, Hindus, and other a difficult one. She was criticized dasses of students. Calcutta's sum- for her devotion to the idols-both mer home is at the foot of the in- by Christians, and by other girls spiring Himalayas. Throughout the who were adherents of the more hot season groups of young w.omen, general form ot Japanese religion. under a camp mother, are in con- She defended her position as being stant residence there. that of faithfulness to "historic re- ligion." After her graduation she There are no women more need- joined the Bible class in the Tokyo ing intelligent direction as to their Association arranged especially for physical life than the women in the the alumnae of her school. While a Orient, upon whom the natural IT:ember of this class she became ill climatic conditions have strong in- and was in the hospital for "one fluence. So keenly is this feIt in hundred days"; there she was visited Jndia that the British Government, by Christian friends and secretaries always generous in its support of the of the Association. On her recovery Association in its borders, made she was baptized. Her new Chrisstipulation, in giving aid, that in tian consciousness had given her a Bombay and Calcutta the building concern for the welfare of the should include space for physical nurses; their lives were devoid of classes. To China has been sent a

A PHYSICAL CU LTURE CLASS CONDUCTED BY THE Y. W . C. A. IN COLOM BO, CEYLON cheer and of any thought for their she feIl suddenly iII. Her last words welfare. She sought to bring them were incoherent; her sister, a Budspiritual refreshment. Through her dhist nun, was in attendance, and she earnestness sh e brought about a meet- caught clearly but one sentence, "Tell ing of the bu siness managers of the them I remember what I heard.' hospitals in Tokyo. The whole question of the nursing profession was China, also, has one organization under discussion. The position of the among medical students and nurses nurse as a professional worker and at Su-chau. In associations of not a servant was discust, and at the India there are clubs of medical first meeting there was some talk with students. regard to provision of a club house, reference being made to the club for Among the Industrial W orken nurses in New York City. While the bulk of the popUlation A committee of investigation had in India, China, and Japan is agrias chairman a nurse who had been cultural, famine and war and politihead of the hospital ship which made cal disturbances have crowded into voyages between Manchuria and Japan the cities thousands of families. The during the war. Three Bible classes women of these families have a lifefor the nurses were formed. At one of time of grinding, petty duties. Modthe special meetings for these hospital ern industry has stretched out its women there was in attendance a iron hand and ·separated women wistful-eyed, overworked nurse from from their sordid homes during long the charity hospital; two weeks later hours. Their surroundings are often cleaner and more wholesome in the

A WORLD-WIDE WORK FOR YOUNG WOMEN

factories than in their homes, but years the industrial problem in China there is not yet a purpose to care for for women will command a conthe toiler. Human life is replaceable siderable portion of the time of the by other lives. Machinery is costly, Association. An ex-school girl in and the balance of economy 15 Japan, who was forced to leave SOME OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE SHANGHAI Y. W. C. A.

summed up against life rather than school, took a position as matron in machinery. a factory and appealed to the Young 'lomen's Christian Association for In India, cotton mills with foreign help in reaching her associates in inownership employ tens of thousands dustry. She is now a matron of a of women. The Bombay Young dormitory in a factory that employs Women's Christian Association main- nearly 2,000 women and girls, and, tains four Indian women who seek through her, monthly meetings are to introduce the Gospel among these conducted in this one factory. Other outcast mill operatives. In China, a factories offer an open door to the small beginning among the 30,000 Association worker. women in Shanghai was made, but was indefinitely discontinued some Religious and Educational Work years ago because of the illness and enforced resignation of the secre- Shanghai conducts evangelistic sertary. The growth of commercial in- vices each Sunday, which are atdustry indicates that within a few tended by more than one hundred

women, 70 per cent. of whom exercises in two of the Government have little other touch with Chris- schools of Tientsin. One of these tianity. The Bible classes of this vvas the Normal School, the leading Association enroll more than three educational institution in China. The hundred women each week. These revolution broke. All schools dis- classes are held in at least four banded; the secretary was called to Chinese dialects. In the cities of Shanghai to help in work for Man- India, the weekly religious service is darin-speaking refugees. The Tientsin universal, in addition to their ten to secretary met one of her former twenty-seven Bible classes conducted Normal School pupils on a street- weekly. A special effort is being car in Shanghai while engaged in made to bring members into m- tbis work, and learned that she, with telligent relationship with the her classmates, was with the churches. Women's Army, the far-famed In almost every city of India "Amazon Corps" of the Chinese where there are a considerable num- revolution! In a short time she was ber of British residents, Anglo- welcomed to their camp. A mis- Indian girls are seeking commercial sionary physician, also a refugee, education in order to fill the posts was secured to teach "first aid of typists and stenographers. For to the injured" to the Normal School these young women the Association pupils.' Out of this group grew a in India provides instruction. In Bible class of nine. But on the Lahore, the Government subsidizes morning of their meeting for organi- teachers and equipment. In Madras, zation, orders came for the Women's partial support is given to the young Army to proceed to Nanking! They women in the Association boarding set off for the front, literally with a home, that they may have aid in copy of "Studies in the Gospel of establishing themselves in self-re-· Mark" under their arms. That Sun specting, self-supporting industry. Yat Sen forbade the young women In China, classes in English conver- to go into battle is history. Peace sation are popular. Shanghai, China, came. The Normal School reopened, has a regularly organized educational and the Amazons exchanged their department to meet the needs of b0111bs for books. The secretary.

young married women, whose home returning to Tientsin, gathered to- life makes attendance at mISSIon gether her Bible class, and within a schools impossible. That Associa- month had enrolled more than twenty tion also provides instruction in for weekly Bible study. These cooking, sewing, typewriting, Fre.nch, young women form the nucleus for hygiene, Mandarin conversation, etc. the membership of the Tientsin Asso- The story of beginnings in clatlOn, which was organized in Tientsin, China, which is the chief March, 1913. One of their number Government educational center of is preparing to assist as secretary in the republic, reads like a romance. the Association, while others of them A Young Women's Christian Asso- have a private school to which they ciation secretary, a student of the welcome the Association.

language, was asked to teach physical rn Fll-chau, a crisis was precipl'

A WORLD-WIDE WORK FOR YOUNG WOMEN

A COOKING CLASS IN T HE Y. W. C. A., BUENOS AYRES, ARGENTINE tated because of one meeting con- eiation membership. Altho organized ducted by Mr. Sherwood Eddy, in in its present condition but six years, 1913, for Government school girls. merchants, policemen, clergy, ships' Two thousand students attended, and captains, and consular representatives five hundred signed cards 'signifying are constantly referring emigrant their intention to study the Gospel, young women to the Association for to pray, and to accept the Truth as care and advice. The Association revealed in Christ as they were led. center provides lodging for a limited The missionaries of Fu-chau wrote number of young women. Two to headquarters asking for secretaries Spanish-speaking secretaries, one a at once to help meet the situation. Mexican and one a Uruguayan, are Two American secretaries were directing work among Spallishchanged in their appointments and speaking women. Both of these sent to Fu-chau in May. They are young women have had Association overseeing work in Bible classes and training in the National Board Trainstudying the language (a require- ing School for Secretaries in New ment which is made of all Young York City. Women's Christian Association secretaries in China and Japan). The Argentine is a country of great material progress, of rapid Amona the Women of Latin-America growth, and the cost of living is high. There is a regrettable dearth Buenos Aires is the metropolis of of adherence to any religious belief the continent, a city of one and a among the people, which creates a half millions, to which immigrants dangerous moral and social atmosfrom all the countries of Europe and phere. Young women who come to from the United States are flocking. seek work find themselves in a place In Latin-America the Young difficult to secure proper lodgings; Women's Christian Association has expenses are great, and there is little a field analogous to that in the moral support to save them from United States. Women from the perils of the city. To meet this twenty-three nations are gathered need, the British and American into Young Women's Christian Asso-

women in Buenos Aires organized a non-Christian girls attended and Young Women's Christian Associa- were led to face the claims of Christ; tion. all of the fifteen have been baptized into the Church since the conference. Student Conferences for Women India conducts conferences both in summer and in winter. The impact A unique incident occurred 111 of the lives of these Christian women Turkey in 191 I, just after the makes them markedly active in work Vorld's Student Christian Federa- for their own people. A limited tion Conference in Constantinople. number of non-Christian students are The leader of the conference made yearly included in the attendance. a short visit to the cities near Con- stantinople to hold evangelistic During 19I3 there were enrolled meetings. An American student sec- ill the colleges of the United States retary of the Young Women's Chris- lOI Oriental women students. Of tian Association was sent to Sophia. these, no less than 57 attended the Despite her letter of introduction American summer confe.rences. and her personal representations of what she was to do, the university Results of Association Work authorities were firm in refusing her the privilege of addressing the stu- This fragmentary account of the dents. In despair of obtaining her work of the Young Women's Chrisobject, she was returning to her car- tian Associations in these five counriage, when along the corridor of tries is, for the most part, a record the university came a student. There of beginnings. The decade in which was a flash of recognition, and call- the Association is come to its greating the secretary by name, she ex- est usefulness is not yet past. Dr. citedly demanded how she came Soothill of China has called the there and what she was doing. It Young Women's Christian Associawas a young Greek girl who had tion "the vestibule of the church." been for some years in an American In these days of sweeping change, of college. She had met the secretary, unstable social equilibrium, it is no and through her had come to a doubt well that there shall be to the deeper life in Christ. Mutual ex- Christian Church of the East a planations were made, the secretary vestibule to which women are adwas escorted back to the office of the mitted from the storm of uncerfaculty, and personally introduced. tainty about them and made ready- A meeting of the entire student body through contact with the missionaries and faculty to hear the echo of the and the strongest Christian women Constantinople Conference message leaders of India, China, Japan, and of Christian fellowship resulted. Turkey, who constitute the boards of the Young Women's Christian Asso- During the past summer two ;;tu- ciation-to enter the Church. dent conferences were held in Chl11a, with representatives from more than It is significant that in the Go!'pel thirty mission schools. The eighth stu- services which are held weekly in dent conference for Japan the past almost every Association there is an year had an attendance of two hundred attendance of non-Christian women and twenty-eight students. Fifteen who have no other contact with the

A WORLD-WIDE WORK FOR YOUNG WOMEN

Church (in Shanghai this percentage are on file requests from the misis seventy). These women are later sion body of Peking, from the Ceninvited to join the various Bible tral Tract Society at Hankow ann classes arranged for the grollps of from the missionaries in Chengtu, Association activities. It is in the for immediate occupancy of these Bible class that they are brought face cities, in addition to reinforcements to face with their personal relation- for those already occupied by the ship to Cbrist. Association. A joint council of all BIBLE CLASS AT A Y. W . C. A. CONFERENCE, JAPAN That the Association is filling the Japanese Christian workers of Kyoto, place to which it has been called by Osaka, and Sendai, Japan, has asked the missi.onaries in the East is for secretaries for their three cities, evidenced by the fact that in Latin- and the first years of work are but America, from Rio de Janeiro, from begun. Each day brings new and Valparaiso, and from Mexico City, startling developments in Eastern imperative requests are in the hands lands. Each development hastens of the committee of the National the crisis that can be met only Board in the United States to estab- through the power of the Son of lish and develop the Young Women's God. The Young Women's Chris- Christian Association in these cities. tian Association is seeking the work India is calling to the United States assigned to it in His strength, to aid for secretaries to reinforce the staff the churches of Christ that His in Calcutta, Bombay, Madras, Co- Kingdom may prevail throughout the lombo, and Rangoon. In China, there world.

A Pastor's

HOW I LEARNED TO PUT MISSIONS FIRST, AND THE RESULT BY REV. ROBERT F. HORTON, D.D., LONDON, ENGLAND ANI almost ashamed active hostility, hinder the work of 11I1~ to confess that for the missions more, even, than avowed . first few years of my opponents, because they effectively suppress the interest and' zeal of ministry I took no their people by keeping their atten- tion fixt on other things. ~ special interest in mis- My Missionary Conversion sionary work. In my My conversion came about in the home training no stress had been following way: A Scotchman named Jomes Malcolm, who had been laid on this form of service. At brought up in the United Presby- terian Church, came under my minisschool there was an annual mission- try. No doubt he quickly noted the great defect; but he had too much ary meeting, which we valued only tact and wisdom to make a frontal attack. The method Le adopted was because a supper was attached to it. to send me, month by month, THE The Oxford of my day took no MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD.

practical part in the great enterprise, Dr. A. T. Pierson had just brought the magazine to a level of fascinatin spite of the exquisite monument ing efficiency. It caught my atten- tion; I read it through, and looked of Coleridge Pattison in Merton forward to its arrival. I bound the numbers each year, until four or five Chapel, and the work of Bishop stout volumes stood on my shelves, the monument of a conversion! Steere, and the Universities' Mis- The effect of this study, extended sion, which resulted from the visit over a few years, was to work in me a clear conviction, which now seems of Livingstone. to me a truism, but had never even dawned on me when I was called to I entered the ministry with a the ministry, the conviction that the first object of the Church is to push strong purpose to win souls, and to the regions beyond, to extend the reign of the Redeemer where He is with the passion for social and in- not yet known. The obvious corollary was, that every church must put this dustrial reform, which I had caught from Prof. T. H. Green and Arnold Toynbee. But the foreign mission- ary work seemed distant and im- practicable. I am not sure that I even prayed for it; if I had prayed for it interest would have been ex- cited. When the annual Sunday for the missionary appeal came round, I accepted the services of a mission- ary offered by the society, and I myself went away for the Sunday.

I fear, therefore, that I must have been one of those pastors who are the despair of our missionary so- cieties-pastors who, without any first thing first, and must make the motes her own increase and prosmissionary work the first charge on perity, she has not yet caught the its interest, its resources, its mem- spirit of her Lord. She must lose bers. herself to find herself.

Soon after this conviction was It is God's great thought that she reached, it was subjected to a severe should lose herself in a world-entertrial. We were, as a church, work- prise, and find herself in giving of ing in the poor district of Kentish her best-her sons and daughters, her Town, and after using lor some years thought and prayers, her money and temporary premises we found it her advocacy to bring in the nations necessary to build a hall and club yet unborn. rooms of our own. The cost would be £6,000 ($3°,000), and Mr. Mal- Christ is for the individual, becolm was made the treasurer of the cause He is for the world; the Gosfund. Strange to say, he proposed pel touches me because it applies to to me that we should put this fund everyone. I can not, therefore, be first, and let the missionary appeal in Christ, or accept His saving messlide until our new buildings were sage to me, without straightway paid for. "N0," I said, "you have seeking the world, the whole world. taught me as a matter of principle I shalI not seek effectively the indithat the missionary work comes first, vidual who is at my doors, unless my and I can not allow our own claims Christ and my Gospel are such that for work close at home to supersede they force me to seek' the whole the first duty of the church." He world. The principle of the world reluctantly assented. I made the first is essential to the character and strongest appeal I could for increased the quality of the message which is to missionary contributions. The event be given to the children in the home taught me a lesson which I can or the Sunday-school, to the lost and never forget. When the year was fallen in our streets, to the great, over the whole' sum of £6,000 had busy, preoccupied community in been raised, so that the buildings which we live. were opened free of debt, and the missionary gifts for the year were First the world: "Go into the obout one-fifth larger than they had whole world and preach the Gospel been the year before. to every creature"; then the country Here was the principle verified. I to which you belong; then your own could not doubt but that I had been neighborhood; that is the necessary led to discover the order in the order of the spiritual world; that spiritual world. And what was constitutes the content, the appeal proved first by experience became of the Gospel which has to be dearer and clearer in theory as time preached. went on. The first condition of .healthin a church, as in an indi- When that Gospel is grasped,when vidual, is that it should not be think- the set of the mind is fixt tewar-d ing of itself. While she is engaged the whole world, then we can set in her own work, work which pro- out, beginning at Jerusalem, and go, like 5t. Paul, into ever-widening circles of the regions beyond.

The Re.ult in Men and Money 1I10St inevitable, to engage in a care- iul study of missionary facts. Can This, then, was the principle which it be that the mind instinctively per- I discovered through the reading of ceives that in this study a practical issue is involved, that a knowledge THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE of the facts will be a call to action, from which we all shrink? Is it iTORLD a quarter of a century ago. Mr. Malcolm was the instrument just because to know is in this case used by God to give to my ministry to be bound to do, that we shirk the its mainspring, to arrange my work in the right order. For all these uncomfortable knowledge? years I have kept the object before my own church, with the result that A Study of Progress it has given in that period about £40,000 ($200,000 ) to ITI1SSlOnary At any rate, this is plain, that to work, and sent out into the field keep abreast with the information is about twenty-five missionaries. My to march abreast with the workers. constant prayer is that the church Vhen we begin to apprehend the may become completely a missionary history and tendency of missions in church, like the one at Herrnhut, the last hundred years, we are con- Saxony, and that the future may be scious of a world movement which much better than the past. When I draws us in; it demands the best in was called to occupy the chair of the us, because it is seen so plainly to Congregational Union of England be the best thing in the world. Take, and vVales eleven years ago, I took for example, China. It is just over as the subject of my address: "Our a century since Morrison went on Marching Orders." It was, I think, what seemed to be the forlorn hope the first time in the history of the of gaining an entrance into that Union that the address from the chair sealed empire. When his teacher was nothing but a missionary appeal. was baptized, and he had secured a precarious foothold in one coast- All this must be traced back to town, on the ground of a public ap- pointment, he surmized that if at the THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE end of a century there should be a thousand Chinese Christians, that VVORLD, and especially to Dr. Pier- would be nothing short of a miracle. son's singular gift of inspiring his When half a century had gone, the readers with his own enthusiasm. year in which I was born, the year All this was mediately the work of that saw Griffith begin his work in James Malcolm, who has gone to his China, it seemed as jf Morrison's rest, and who knows now, in heaven, surmize was to be correct. There the fruit of his fidelity, his tact and were then only 500 Chinese Chrishis faith. tians as the result of half a century of labor. But what has the second This experience seems to illustrate half century seen? In I 900, when the twofold fact, that, on the one the first century was closing, in the hand, a knowledge of what is going Boxer rising, there were no fewer on in the mission field is the sure than r6,000 Chinese martyrs-men, way of enlisting missionary interest, and yet, on the other hand, there is a curious disinclination, even in quarters where it would seem to be

A PASTOR'S EXPERIENCE

women, and children-who died Church could not do without the rather than renounce Jesus. And ministry; therefore, she urged the this blood of the martyrs was the young men to leave the more atseed of the Church. For now, in- tractive and lucrative professions, to stead of the thousand converts that prepare themselves for which they Morrison expected, in 1914, just a had come to the United States, and century after his prediction, there to give themselves to this sacred are 200,000 members of Chinese calling which their country needed. Christian churches. Clearly this is a The other girl took up the hymn growing and a winning cause, in which they had just been singing: which our sympathies are enlisted. "Like a mighty army moves the Church But the enumeration of converts of God," is a very impedect way of estimating missionary work. The leaven of the and, Gospel has been in China, and has resulted in a vast revolution. Men "We are not divided, all one body we," who have been trained in missionary schools, or who have come under and in an exquisitely musical voice l111sslOnary influence, are leading she pleaded for unity, telling them their country to a political and in- how they must all be moved by the tellectual renaissance, which bids fair love of Jesus, and they would then to place China, which has been advance as an army to conquer retrograde for thousands of years, China for Christ. in the van of the world's progress. It seemed incredible. Here was a Chinese Students at Kansas City Christian China, a China as Chris- tian as England or the United States, At the recent Students' Convention, taking counsel to bring the whole in Kansas City, in January of this country to Christ. year, I attended a meeting of the Chinese delegation. The proceedings Now to realize a fact like this is were conducted by Chinese, all clad inevitably to catch the enthusiasm of in Western dress. Each speaker was the great movement. How small and as truly Christian, as eager for China trivial seem the objects for which to become Christian, as any of the most men live, the interests which 5,000 American Christians assem- occupy their minds, the results of bled at the convention. Two girls their lives, in comparison with the rose and spoke in the course of the sublime object of bringing all the meeting. Knowing what Chinese world together in One, viz.: in women were before the introduction Christ, in comparison with the inof the Gospel, I was fairly taken tense interest of watching and aidaback by what they said, and by the ing the forward march of events, in way in which they said it. One of comparison with giving money, them addrest a plea to her fellow thought, prayer, and life itself to countrymen present to enter the promote this glorious issue. Christian ministry. China could not do without the Church, and the The Study of Individual.

Or suppose we study the lives of those who have done much in this cause; the life, for example, of John

Evangelist Gossner, a convert from kept in touch with the facts, the Romanism, who in the later quarter enthusiasm grows.

of his long life sent out himself 141 Astonishing Ignorance missionaries, or the life of Louis Harms of Hermannsburg, who sent All the more astonishing, there- out more than two hundred. This fore, is the prevailing ignorance of possibility of doing so much by faith a sttbject so interesting. But I am and prayer to extend the knowledge the first, from experience, to admit of Christ, and to save individual that the subject from the outside souls, takes possession of the does not seem attractive. There are imagination. Other things begin to crowding interests in modern life seem poor, transitory, and unsatisfy- hich deter men from looking at the ing. Men strive and earn and hoard question at all. One who is ab- and spend; they learn, ~ they write, sorbed in business, and perhaps has they teach; they snatch life's few the money which is needed for the and fleeting pleasures, and pass in- missionary campaign, finds the ques- glorious from the scene. Cui bono? tion of the religious beliefs, and even we ask. What is the good of it all? But of the social conditions, of people to see the Kingdom of God coming as far away, lacking in actuality. One the great reality of human history, interested in science, and its applica- and the worthy object of human en- tion to the conveniences and utilities deavor, and to promote its coming of life, watching the improvement of by the full exercise of every faculty the aeroplane, or the use of radium and gift with which God has en- in heating, can not bring his mind to trusted us, this gives meaning and study the spiritual advances on continuity to life, and makes its sure the mission field. The great bulk of ending but a moment in eternity. people are intensely interested in the It may, therefore, be taken as a theater, in new novels, in social en- foregone conclusion that to study the gagements-what have they to do work of missions in the past and in with proclaiming a Gospel to the the present is the sure way of be- nations? And, strangest of all, even coming deeply interested in promot- religious people, Christian workers ing them for the future. I remem- and ininisters, find a thrilling actual- ber hearing Dr. Pierson tell an amus- ity in social work at their doors, in ing story: A speaker on temperance theological discussions, and the ad- had been contradicted by an oppo- vance or retreat of faith, and in the nent who said that he did not be- controversies which divide and dis- lieve the speaker's statements as he tract the churches; but it is only with had never heard of them before. a great effort that they can throw The speaker retorted: "My knowl- their interest into remote fields, and edge, however limited, can not be take up the literature of missions, to offset by my opponent's ignorance, become masters of the facts and the however extensive." Now the want tendencies which would make them of interest in missions is due to the missionary enthusiasts.

ignorance of the question. But just I could wish, therefore, nothing in proportion as we know, and are better than that every pastor might

be persuaded to read THE MISSION- Presently Paul can say that as far as ARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD for three Illyricum he has fully preached the or four years, or until his mind Gospel of Christ. But to reach should be fired, and he could reach IlIyricum is t'b set his eyes to Rome, the settled conclusion that the Church to reach Rome is to set his eyes to exists primarily to carry the knowl- Spain. If he had reached Spain he edge of Christ where it is not known, would have anticipated Columbus, and that, therefore, no church can and struck out for America. That is be rightly living or effectively work- the very essence of the Gospel with ing which does not recognize its re- which the Church is charged. It sponsibility, and place the missionary does not allow its emissaries to settle obligation in the forefront. down and to complete the work at a given point before going forward; It is some aid to maintaining the the work at a given point will only right attitude if we realize that every be completed by going forward. church should fit in to the Acts oj 'That is to say, a church will not be the Apostles; that book gives the be- in. the spirit of its Lord nor in vital ginning of the institution which connection with Him unless it has Christ left in the world to· carry out this forward movement at its very his purpose. Every church, if it is heart and feels that it exists in order truly His church, must be a continua- to carryon that which it has retion of that institution. When a ceived to the ends of the earth. Only church, so-called, has lost all like- ir:: this way is the Church incorporness to that in the Acts, when it ated in "The Acts of the Apostles," ceases to carryon the work which and only by being incorporated in was there begun, it loses its apostolic the acts of the apostles is a church character, and ceases to be a church in the true sense the Chureh of of Christ; it can not be in vital cO.n- Christ. nection with the Head. The Pastor'. Opportunity Now the "Acts of the Apostles" is the story of a pebble dropt into the Now, if every minister realized pool of the world, and the ripples this simple truth, all his teaching widening out to the margin of the and organizing would be directed in pool. The very essence of the book the first instance to making his is the widening process, the urge church square with the intention of forward. Sometimes the onw~rd the Lord and with the apostolic hismovement is conditioned by persecu- tory. He could never permit the tion at the base-that was the way primary object to fall into the backin which the first extension was made ground because he would know that from Jerusalem to Samaria-but if he did he would be injuring and apart from the persecution, there is unchristianizing his church. He a centrifugal tendency; inevitably, by would feel it to be his primary duty the movement of the Spirit, the mes- to instruct his people in the facts sage passes to Antioch, to Ethiopia, and principles and methods of mi~­ to Babylon. And then, under the sionary work, and he would keep a apostolic influence of Paul, it travels firm and steady pressure upon them westward; it crosses into Europe. to elicit their gifts and their personal

service to the utmost. Each church which Andrew Murray set before would be a direct missionary agency the world in his unique way, that as truly as was the Moravian church "the key of the missionary problem" at Herrnhut, or as was the parish is in the hands of the minister. Let church of Hermannsburg under ministers, as a matter of course, be Louis Harms. It would never seem convinced, and within a generation that the missionary work was merely the work would be done. an offshoot or a subsidiary end, a course of perfection to be taken up The story of what has been going by those who had mastered the other on for the last hundred years is far . parts of the Christian life and had more wonderful than the story of leisure to do what others had not the first Christian century. The time to attempt. area covered and the countries reached in that first Christian cam- But if every minister were imbued paign seem upon the map infinitesimal with this spirit and every church compared with the territory occupied were thus incorporated into the in the nineteenth century. Then it "Acts of the Apostles," there could was only the seaboard of the Eastern be no question of deficits in the Mediterranean; now the lines have budgets of our missionary societies literally gone out into the ends of or of the lack of volunteers to go to the earth. The first missionaries the front. were mercifully ignorant of the ex- tent of the globe which had to be The lamentations over declining covered; if they had known it their missionary interest would cease, and hearts would have quailed. But now no one would form the impression we know the full extent, an the that the extension of Christ's King- races, nations, and tongues of the dom over the earth is a desperate or earth, and we can with a sober conlosing cause. fidence see that the earth may be filled with the knowledge of the Every observer must admit that Lord as the waters cover the sea. Christendom has the means and the This sure and rapid progress, manimen to fulfil the Master's commands, fest to the eyes of those who take "Go into all the world and preach the trouble to know the facts, is the the Gospel to every creature." All most powerful motive for missionary that is wanting is the conviction that effort. Ve see that it is not a desit ought to be done; that conviction perate and losing cause to which we grows naturally out of the knowledge are committed, but one which is sure of what God has done and is doing to prevail. in the mISSIOn field; and that knowledge should be imparted sys- "For right is right, since God is God; tematically by the pastors and leaders And right the day must win. of the Church. To doubt would be disloyalty, To falter would be sin," We come, then, to the conclusion Give us a Watchword for the hour, A word to rouse the Church from rest, To heed her Master's high behest. A thrilling word, a word of power, The call is given: Ye hosts arise! A battle cry, a flaming breath, Our watchword is-"Evangelize." That calls to conquest or ·to death. -HENRY CISCHER.

A MEETING AT THE JUDSON CENTENNIAL, IN CUSHING HALL

Judson's Contribution to Burma's ' Christianization BY REV. HENRY C. MABIE, D.D., BOSTON, MASS. Formerly Secretary of the American Baptist Foreign lfission Society HEN Judson, with his The J udsons believed that they were commissioned by the great EWJ gifted wife, set sail Head of the Church; their call had from Salem harbor 111 been attended by many signal and 1812 for India, one of unmistakable providences, which the secular journals of the time characterized made the way plain enough for a the act as one of the most Utopian beginning. All else was confided to enterprises on which hair-brained Him "who hangeth the earth upon enthusiasts ever set forth . Had their nothing," and in whose hand are all undertaking been, as was intimated, men's lives and destinies. Vithout an overt and negative aim to over- questioning, therefore, they went throw an Ethnic system of philoso- forth. Their aim, like that of all phy with its age-long and elaborate genuine missionary work, was con- institutionalism such as Buddhism structive. Judson had himself become represented, the charge might have a Christian after a period of real in- had some degree of justification. fidelity, and he went forth to impart Judson , however. was animated by the truth to those who knew it not; considerations so different from those and he was unafraid.

which the journalist had in mind, While it is true that with the com- that the criticism was quite without ing of new life the old things must point. pass away, Judson's mission was,

from the beginning, constructive and followed a period of skeptical doubt, rejuvenating. Now that a hundred while a student at Andover, Judson years have passed, the student of came into contact with a band of mISSIons may profitably inquire, fellow students who previously had "iVhat has come of the work that he constituted the "Haystack" praying inaugurated?" "May the present band at Williams College. These generation of Christian volunteers were Samuel J. Mills, James Richwisely follow in his train?" ards, Francis L. Robbins, Harvey Loomis, and Byron Green. To- Judson's Heroic Mission gether they became deeply interested in a purpose to originate a mission- The period at which a human life ary society for the planting of Chriscomes into the world has much to tianity in pagan lands. It fell to do with one's ideals. As David Judson to write the petition to the "served his own generation by the Massachusetts Association of Conwill of God," so we might speak of gregational Churches for the formajudson. Born in Malden, Massachu- tion of such a society. But prior to setts, in 1788, he lived during one of this he was sent on a preliminary the most momentous periods of the mission to England to confer with world's history. The war of the the London Society about forming Revolution had been fought to a some sort of an American alliance successful issue, and the new Ameri- with the English organization. This can Republic had entered on a effort proved unavailing, and J udcareer of signal prosperity. The son returned to Boston where, soon people were exultant in their new- after, "The American Board of found rights. and began, also, to Commissioners for Foreign Missions" cherish new and higher hopes for was formed. Judson, together with all mankind. Successive religious the Williams College and Andover awakenings from the time of Jona- men mentioned, became a leader in than Edwards had brought home to this board, and greatly· helped to the New vVorld the religious possi- deepen its spirit and shape its forl11. bilities of human souls, if they could only be quickened into life. It was Judson's convictions were still furthe spring-time of those great re- ther intensified by the great crises in ligious movements which since have conscience through which he passed taken form in the upbuilding into on shipboard, and after meeting the strength of great typical denomina- English Baptist "triumvirate" in Caltions of Christians, known as Con- cutta-Carey, Marshman, and Ware!. gregationalist, Baptist, Methodist, This led to a change in denominaetc., with millions of members and tional and society affiliations, and adherents, and extensive institutions Judson at length settled in Rangoon, of many kinds. Meanwhile, Carey in Burma, there to enter on his apostolic England had published his immortal work. If he had not been animated Enquiry into the Obligations oj by the sense of some strong, positive Christians to Use Means for the message to communicate, and if he Conversion of the Heathen. had not believed in the power of God to reconstruct the Burman peoples, Soon after his conversion, which

JUDSON'S CONTRIBUTION TO BURMA

and even "to lift other empires off and will of Christ, even tho this their hinges," his task might truly might bring him to martyrdom. His have been considered Utopian. life held much suffering, for he had What a contrast the situation pre- many sicknesses and was repeatedly sented! Here was a brainy, edu- bereaved of wife and children. He cated young man, fresh from the endured tragic trials of cruel im- New World of America, inure~ in prisonment on false suspicions in no degree to the diplomacies and Ava; he marched a blood-marked oriental intrigues of Imperial Europe, way from Ava to Aungbinle, he enand unfamiliar with the methods of dured the tortures of the prison- East Indian traders, brought sud- pen, was often loaded with irons, and denly into contact with an Asiatic was hung up by the feet head downpeople ages old in idolatry, working ward on a bamboo-pole for hours out their tedious rituals under the together. Not the least painful exshadows of myriad gilded and perience was the grief of his beloved jeweled pagodas, and in the toils of wife, with an infant at her breast, an ignorant and besotted priesthood, who followed him from place to who scarcely had a normal concep- place of confinement, and was at one tion of either God or man. time ill with smallpox. But none of these things moved him from Into this situation young Judson faith in Christ or even from devotion with his delicate and sensitive New to his tormentors. He never after- England wife was thrust. What ward dwelt on these sufferings to could he do to alter things for the awaken sympathy. On one occasion better? What under God has he when in America these ordeals were done? referred to by a friend. He replied, "How willingly would I endure all Judson's Vicarious Living that again if it could be the means of rousing our people to the per- First of all, he could live his own formance of their duty to the heathen unselfish life in the spirit of his world." Judson's life did wonder- Risen Lord. That he did this all the fully awaken his own generation to world knows. He never doubted, nlilbler consecration, and in American either, that he was foreordained to churches it led to the many great bring the Gospel to Burma, or that revivals through a period of more in the end converts would arise by than fifty years. Even the freethousands. The new Baptist Mis- thinking Theodore Parker stood in sion Board formed in Philadelphia awe, and remarked: "If foreign might waver in its confidence, and missions never did aught else than some easy-living American Christians produce Adoniram Judson, they are might impatiently inquire, after years worth all they ever cost." of unrewarded giving and prayer, if there were any prospects of harvest, Similar impressions were made but Judson would reply, "The pros- lIpon many of the heathen in Burma. pects are as bright as the promises At a great meeting of missionaries of God. Pray on, and years hence and native Christians of several look this way again." races, in the Judson Memorial Chapel, His first business was to live a life of complete devotion to the mind

in Mandalay, in 1890, the most before presuming to improve on venerable native preacher occupied some of his renderings. His transa seat of honor near the desk. In lation of the whole Bible and its the open conference which followed speedy publication was, therefore, my address, in which I recited some especially for that period, a most of my sensations in the visits to Ava masterly achievement. The compilaand Aungbinle that morning, this tion of his Burmese dictionary for aged preacher arose and con fest that the use of the growing numbers who as a youth he was one of a band who were to succeed and reinforce him threw mud and stones at Judson. was an accomplishment also of the Then, with choking sobs, he exprest first rank. His own heart prompted hope he had been forgiven as he had him to give himself more to preachoften con fest that sin to God. I was ing, but his associates constrained reminded of Pau1's self-reproach for him to exercise his peerless gifts in the part he bore in the martyrdom the creation of the much-needed dicof Stephen. No pagan could say of tionary. Judson, as it is reported a heathen once said to a reputed missionary: Judson had a genius for the most "Ah, we have found you out. You painstaking work in language. No and your book do not say the same difficulty could evade his mastery. thing." Judson's preaching was sup- Had he remained in the homeland ported by his vicarious living; and it is probable that for efficiency in thus the great paradox at the root of teaching, his name would have been Christianity-that life arises out of linked with such masters as Wayapparent death-was concretely In- land, Robinson, and Broadus, in terpreted and enforced. America, or with Arnold in England. The excellent and many-sided litera- Literary Work ture that has since sprung up in Burma, in a score of languages, to- It is doubtful if any missionary of gether with the exceptionally efficient modern times was better equipped for Mission Press in Rangoon to~day, is linguistic work than Judson, and his unquestionably due in a high deliterary contributions to Burma were gree to the inspiring influence ot priceless. While a college student Judson's early language work which in America he prepared an English set the pace for many a successor. grammar which won high commendation. On arrival in Burma he Cooperation witI. tI.e GovernDlent quickly made himself familiar with the structure and idiomatic forms of Altho none had clearer views than the language, and was soon able to Judson of the separate and distinct converse familiarly with the people functions of Church and State, yet and to begin to lead their thoughts the manner in which he related himto the living God. He wrote tracts self to and cooperated with wise and and began to translate portions of legitimate endeavors of the British the New Testament. So thoroughly Government to pacify and train thewas his work done that even now people to loyal subj ection to the best Burmese scholars would hesitate long governmental authority possible to them in that period, was most com-

JUDSON'S CONTRIBUTION TO BURMA 35

mendable. Judson himself was so The Contagion of His Example considerate of the Government and so clear-sighted respecting its aims Judson's influence as a moral magon the nobler side, that he had no net to draw other men to volunteer difficulty in cooperating to further for mission work has probably been its humane and worthy endeavors. unexampled. Nor were the extreme It was not surprising, therefore, that and crucial sorrows through which administrators like Lord Amherst Judson had to make his way any bar set apart considerable portions of to this fascinating influence. On the land for distinctive mission purposes. contrary, it is doubtless the very fact Nor did Judson shrink from the of these sufferings, plus the manmost hazardous undertakings in be- ner in which his dauntless spirit half of government, when he thought transcended his trials, which have the legitimate ends of government e· er since rendered his name so magmight be served thereby. It was netic and winsome. while he was on an errand of this sort, as the most competent mediator At the close of our Lord's postavailable with the Burman king, that resurrection ministry of forty days, l}e was seized as a spy and was com- he plainly told Peter that he, also, pelled to endure the horrors of his would be called to martyrdom. The two years' imprisonment–c i r c u 111 – Apostle undoubtedly understood it, stances which in providence awakened but unhesitatingly he arose and folthe sympathies of the civilized world lowed Him. So men for a century in behalf of his broad mission to have felt the fascination of this ex- Asia. Large-minded and capable ample. Even to-day, in any Chris- British administrative officers 111 tian assembly, Judson's name is one India have always been foremost to to conjure with. Missionaries concommend Judson for his uniform sider it almost their supreme disgood judgment, and to practically co- tinction to have entered into his operate with the whole force of mis- heritage; and among Christian nasionaries in India. Practically the tives of various races the mention of whole public system of education of his name has a magical effect. India now waits on the cooperation of mlsslOnaries and their native The Karens, a people of various Christian disciples. To the support tribes, originally dwelling in the hill of this system, through the coopera- country and having many traditions tion of the Christian missions, the 111 line with pnmlhve revelation, Government makes large annual have proved to be more susceptible financial appropriations, and supports to the Gospel than the more arroofficers to help administer the sys- gant Burmans. So, also, the Chins, tem wisely. Judson's posthumous Kachins, Shans, Talaings, Muhsos, influence has demonstrated his initia- Telugus, and Eurasians, have furtions in Burma to be the work of a nished many trophies of God's grace. statesman and a philanthropist as Great evangelizing missionaries like well as of a Christian missionary. Boardman, Abbott, the Vintons, Jonathan Wade, Eugenio' Kincaid, D. L. Brayton, J. S. Beecher, C. H.

Carpenter, the Stevens, ]. N. Cush- ing, and many others passed on or

yet living, have wrought with won- they are creating manifold and free derful power. But all admit that to institutions of every sort and grade. Judson they were indebted for most apostolic inspiration in their various The influence of an epoch-making forms of work. Next to the Apostle name like Judson's can not be con- Paul himself Judson would be fined to anyone mere denomination. ranked by them all as the master True, it practically created the Bap- spirit that dominated their mission- tist denomination of America and ary ideals. gave it that evangelizing and mis- sionary stamp which is probably its Statistical Results chief distinction, but every Chris- tian denomination in the world, espe- The number of communicants 111 cially where the English tongue pre- Baptist churches in Burma (not to vails, has a priceless heritage in mention other Protestant and Roman Judson's name and influence. Catholic) now exceeds 65,000, while the number of adherents, including The English authorities in ad- pupils in schools and children in ministrative work in Bunna would families, probably totals 150 ,000 no doubt testify that on the moral, more. There are now engaged in religious, educational, and philan- the work of the Northern Baptists a thropic lines, Judson's work was as total of 194 American missionaries, cletenninative for the Anglo-Burman men and women, assisted by 1,687 Empire as was Carey's or Duff's for native workers. In educational work India proper, Morrison's for China, the Rangoon Baptist College stands Verbeck's for Japan, Livingstone's at the front, with an aggregate num- for Africa, or Bingham's or Paton's ber of 1,554 students, including those for the South Sea Islands. Among in the high school and other pre- these stars of the first magnitude in paratory departments. There are 38 the galaxy of great missionaries, cer- or 40 high schools and academies, tainly shines immortal the name of and not far from 800 station and Adoniram Judson. jungle schools. There are two hos- pitals, besides dispensaries practicaliy Last December notable meetings at every principal station. There is were held in Rangoon in commem- work for lepers at Moulmein, the oration of the century elapsed since scene of Judson's early work, espe- Judson began his work in Burma. cially of his literary labors. In no Services were held in several centers missionary lands in this day can on successive days-in Rangoon, results be fairly stated III mere Moulmein, and Mandalay, and at ligures, because the moral, spiritual, other places, and a deputation of and educational energies at work American visitors went to take part are far more significant. Even in in the celebration. The Southern Bap- countries like China and India these tists. whn likewise trace their mis- have become dominant and con- sionary lineage back to Judson, art: trolling, and they affect everything holding similar commemorations. 111 government, philanthropy, amI Surely there is great propriety in such "~ family and communal life; and a commemoration on the part of those who, under God, owe so much to the immortal Adoniram Judson.

I

of Missionary

In Siam BY REV. R. C. JONES, PITSANULOKE, SIAM Missionary of the Presbyterian Board, U. S. A.

lAM is a tropical COUll- Many years ago the elephant was much used, as she could travel over mS try at the antipodes roads that other animals could . from America, and is scarcely pass over. Now roads are being opened to almost all parts of so much off the main Siam, so that other means of travel may be employed. The small line of tourist travel Siamese pony makes a very fair horse for riding, and wiIl be very that comparatively few acceptable if the missionary is care- ful not to allow his feet to be crusht travelers visit it, and little is known against the rice-field dikes 0'1' his hair to be rubbed off by the overhanging about it by Americans in general. bamboo. Railroads are being ex- tended rapidly so that they can be Ten days are now required to go used to great advantage, especially in visiting companies of Christians who from Singapore to Bangkok and re- can rarely attend services at the turn by boat, but it is hoped that usual preaching places. The bicycle, also, is used by some of the misthis time wiIl be lessened within a sionaries to good account, sometimes tor long trips; but, on account of the few years by the railway line now difficulty of taking supplies for the 1V0rk, the bicycle is used more genbeing constructed along the Malay erally for local work. Ox-carts have not yet gone out of fashion in Siam, Peninsula by the Siameiie Govern- and the missionary finds them of great use at some seasons of the ment. year, as in them he can take along more things to make him comfort- The missionary work in Siam is able.

almost exclusively carried on by the The old, sure way of travel on Presbyterian Church, U. S. A., whose foot, is about as care-free as any way to be found and, when the misrepresentatives in the Siam mission sionary secures a good native evan- gelist and several men to carry are located in five widely separated books, medicines, sciopticon, and a few other necessary things, and has stations. Their work is evangelistic, educational, and medical, altho evan- gelistic work is done in all the de- partments.

Evangelistic Work Nearly all our missionaries do some evangelistic preaching in the local church or in the markets of the towns near them. Those who give much time to this work must be away from home a great deal. If one can manage to take his family with him on these tours it is a very great help in presenting the Gospel, as there are opportunities for the husband, the wife, and the children to do good service.

plenty of time, he will not fare badly. discust it is not because the way is This means of travel can be used closed. only during the dry season, which lasts about six months of the year. The Siamese mind sometimes startles one by the sudden change of During the other six 1110nths boats the subject. It requires some grace of all kinds and sizes are widely and quick, vigorous thinking for the used-from the ocean-going vessels missionary to adapt himself to the that come up the Menam River to situation. The people usually are Bangkok, to steam launches, 1110tor attentive when the missionary is boats, ordinary ferry boats, and the telling the Gospel story and show little boat capable of carrying but much interest, but sometimes it is one person. The missionary selects rather embarrassing to the speaker the boat suited to his purse and as to have one of the audience suddenly nearly as possible to his requirements ask out loud, "How much did the in the work. The ordinary house gold in your tooth cost ?" The boat is a comfortable, slow way to Siamese school boy is a great contravel, as almost everything necessary trast to the American boy in his way to comfort can be taken along, pro- of thinking and doing things. When vided, of course, there are not too the American boy is trying to war many passengers, and the missionary a difficult problem he naturally can usually arrange these as he ,vishes. scratches his head; the Siamese ooy For fast travel a few of the mis- in a similar perplexity scratches his sionaries use motor boats and can foot. save much valuable time, provided that the missionary himself knows Another way in which the missionhow to run the boat and how to re- ary gains a hearing for his message pair it when anything goes wrong. is to encourage. a native evangelist, or even an intelligent member of the The Misaionariea on their Tour. church, to explain the picture-roll or tell the story of Jesus the Savior. Whenever and however they can do so, the IlllsslOnaries preach In Siam we make much use of Christ. In daylight they often use portions of the Scriptures and rethe large Sunday-school picture rolls ligious tracts in touring and in local to good advantage to appeal to both work. Nearly all Siamese men can the eye and the mind. A friendly read, so that there is a good opportalk about the crops or some other tunity to present the Gospel by subject of common interest may open means of the printed page. Then the way to the business in hand. the people can meditate upon the The first questions asked by the peo- subject in quiet. As a rule the people are always, "From whence did ple are willing to buy the literature you come?" "Where are you going?" at the nominal price asked. and "What is your business?" I f a missionary can not find an oppor- Medicines are usually taken along tunity to speak a word for the Mas- by touring missionaries, both for ter while these subjects are being their personal use, and for sale or distribution in case of need. The ordained missionary soon learns how to administer the simple remedies for

OF MlSSIONARY WORK IN SIAM

tHe many diseases peculiar to tropical tered about over the country, and countries. He treats the sick bodies when these are found they are enof the people, and in the meantime couraged by counsel and prayer. is explaining that he came to heal the sin-sick soul through Jesus the Great In general touring we are able to Physician. make known the other departments of mission work, such as the schools Even greater crowds gather to and hospitals, and so the whole work hear the Gospel preached at night of missions is widely advertised by when we can appeal also to the eye the touring workers. by use of the stereopticon. The people take great interest in helping to Educational Missions secure a good place for the lantern pictures. Sometimes the missionary The educational work is, as a' rule, arrives at a strange village and the conducted only in the local mission people are shy and fear to venture station. Those engaged in teaching near, but when the lantern pictures do thorough work, but the time has are shown they can not resist the come when we should have as careattraction, and what had seemed an fully trained teachers in the various almost deserted village provides a departments of this work as there crowd of a hundred or more people. are in America. The educational Much care must be taken to keep the missionaries db much more than the stereopticon outfit safe from white routine class-room work ordinarily ants, for they may destroy everything clone in America; most of them also in one night. Once, after the writer do special evangelistic work on vacahad explained the pictures of the tion days, and all help in the dislife of Christ and had spoken of tinctively religious teaching through Jesus as the only Savior, a man of Bible study and such books as "Pilseventy years or more came after grim's Progress" and "Peep of Day." the crowd had dispersed, and said: The college course includes many branches taught in American col- "I have heard your explanation of leges, but in general it can not be the pictures and what you said about so advanced. Athletics are en- Jesus, but I do not believe it is true." couraged and contests are arranged with other schools, so as to keep up "Why do you not believe it?" I a good interest in sports. Some inasked. dustrial training is also given in both the boys' and girls' schools. "I have been here all my life," he The girls' school at Bangkok has replied, "and this is the first time that long been known for its good work I have ever heard of Jesus as the only in sewing, drawn-work, and lace- Savior. If it were true I certainly making. The Government of Siam would have heard it before." encourages this work by offering prizes for the best productions. A It requires much time and patient, Christian training school IS conthorough teaching before the people ducted in Bangkok and gives great of a village are able to grasp the promise of usefulness for the entire meaning of the story of Christ, un- mission. The missionaries engaged less they have heard it before. The missionaries are always on the lookout for the Christians that are scat-

in teaching have excellent oppor- in Siam is that it is self-supporting. tt.tnities to become intimately ac- Unly the medical missionary's salary quainted with the people. By means need come from America. of Christmas and other entertainments they are also enabled to pre- The institutional work for young sent the Christian view of things men is also carried on by the miswithout causing offense even to the sionaries in what is known as the Boon most sensitive Buddhists. In the Itt Memorial Institute, in Bangkok. interior as many as one thousand The Mission Press is an important people have attended such exercises part of the equipment, and a misat one time. sionary and his wife are expected to look after this department, including Medical Work the burdensome work of trans- shipping goods to the various sta- The good results of medical mis- tions of the mission. They also pursions in Siam are recognized on chase for missionaries who live outevery hand. The physician can find side the capital city. plenty to do, and as a rule there is only one missionary doctor at a sta- Missionaries in Siam are better tion. Consequently he is continually prepared than ever before for a forprest with his medical duties. ward march. The seed has been All patients insist upon seeing him sown broadcast in carefully prepared rather than his assistant, and as calls ground. Travelers well informed on between 10 P.M. and 4 A.M. are very missions have reported that they frequent, his rest is very uncertain. were surprized to find so much more work being done here than they had All sorts of cases come for treat- thought. ment. There are those who have been gored by the water buffalo, The tropical climate has some mangled by wild boars, mauled by effect upon the energies of the mistigers, mutilated by robbers, or in sionaries, and it has been found a other ways injured. Then we find a poor economy of time and energy long list of diseases peculiar to the for the missionary to become too tropics, as well as many common to much overworked. This nearly alother lands. No better opportunity is ways means a breakdown. The misafforded anyone to practise surgery sionaries in Siam realize their reand tropical medicine than in Siam. sponsibility and are ready to go In addition to all these duties, the where duty calls, or where there is physician is expected to carefully an opportunity of special service. watch after the health of his fellow There are more unevangelized people missionaries-at times a very great to each missionary in Siam than in responsibility. China. This alone emphasizes the greatness of the task before us. In The medical missionary is sought letter and in spirit let us do our part by those in all classes of society, and to obey the command, "Go ye thereone of the surprizes of medical work fore and teach all nations."

W reeking a

THE SAD CONDITIONS IN THE NEW HEBRIDES ISLANDS BY REV. JOH N H. HARRIS, F.R .G.S., LONDO N , ENGLAND '"We are of the opinion that the time has come when we can no longer refrain from calling the attention of the people of the British Empire to the deplorable condition of things existing in this group of islan ds."-Manifesto of the New Hebrides Missionaries, June, 1913. HE story of missionary years. The missionaries will be fJT enterprise in the New . Hebrides is one of even more violently attacked than hitherto, and will, no doubt, be ,. the brightest chapters charged with political bias. There is a danger of their being criticized , in the modern history – of Christian progress, by some of their own friends who, and the Christian Church through- through lack of a full knowledge of out the world can not but read with the facts, may be led to assume that the deepest anxiety the appeal which they have acted precipitately. The the missionaries working in those manifesto in question bears the sig- islands have been compelled to issue natures of Chas. F . Griinling, Frank to the British people within the G. Filmer, and Fred. G. Paton, repre- empire. . senting, respectively, the Melanesian, The step taken by the Missionary the Church of Christ, and Presby- Conference at Paoena, last 'June, is terian missions. These signatures, a grave one, for it can not fail , to and the representative capacity in embitter still more the international which they are affixt, should go a "feelihg" which has existed for some long way toward disarming any

criticism within the ranks of the the hands of the Joint Naval Com- Christian Church. mission, instituted in 1887.

The time has now come when the In 1906 the New Hebrides con- British nation and the whole Chris- yention was signed for Great Britain tian world should be told that the by Sir Edward Grey, and for France manifesto of June last was published by ~Ions. Paul Cambon. This placed only after nearly five years of the government of the islands under friendly representation to the Gov- the Condominium administratiOl', ernments concerned. Before me are which to-day spells chaos in almost two huge files containing the ac- e"ery department, and is coupled cl1mulated dispatches of mISSIOn- with increasing crime and failure to aries, administrative reports, and the enforce justice. records of private deputations. :VIuch of this material is strictly The 1906 Anglo-French agreement confidential, but it all goes to demon- provided for a Joint Court of Jusstrate a determination to destroy the tice, consisting of three judges, one ,,"ork and influence of the Christian of whom should be a president. missionaries laboring in the New Great Britain and France have each Hebrides. It is for the Christian the appointment of one judge, while Church to say whether or not this the King of Spain, acting arbitrator, disaster shall be consummated. has the appointment of the third. It is not very difficult to see that under Government in the New Hebrides the best of circumstances this would bc likely to prove an unsatisfactory What is the history of the adminis- method of administrating justice, but tration in the archipelago? The the worst, or almost the worst, has islands comprise a scattered group in happened. The available judges have the Pacific Ocean north of New only a limited knowledge of each Zealand, densely wooded and with a other's language, and a still more scenery varied and beautiful. They restricted knowledge of legal pracproduce most tropical fruits and tise in the countries of their colvegetables, and under an enlightened leagues, while the unfortunate litiadministration the economic future gants and witnesses are seldom able of the islands would be found in to reply intelligently to any single copra-the dried flesh of the cocoa- question put to them by either of the nut. The population numbers about judges! A more chaotic state of 65,000 natives and 1,000 whites. affairs it is surely difficult to imagine.

Prior to the Anglo-French conven- The situation was further comtion of 1906, there had been an plicated by Article XX. of the conembryo form of administration, rep- vention, which provided that Frenchresented from 1902 by Capt. Rason, men should be tried in a French R.N., as deputy commissioner, the court and Britishers in the British French Government also appointing court. These national courts ·have a resident commiSSIOner. These jurisdiction over most civil and all officials were mainly concerned with criminal cases, and appear to be givthe affairs of nationals, while the ing rise to the utmost dissatisfaction, control of the natives remained in because it is asserted that there is the

A MISSION

widest disproportion between the scene of some disturbance, the seven nasentences. There is some ground for tives protesting against their being taken this charge, as is shown by the away. The boy Nip jumped overboard, declared intention of certain British apparently with the object of swimming subjects to "become Frenchmen," in ashore. LeClerc then fired two shots order to avail themselves of the ex- at him with his revolver. Blood was treme leniency of the French Na- seen by six of the witnesses on the boy's tional Court! neck. He was seen to struggle for a moment and then disappeared from The whole history of the New view, and has never been seen again. Hebrides is full of fraudulent, cruel, The accused, in his evidence, stated that and demoralizing acts committed he considered the boys as recruits and not as mere traders. He admitted firing upon the natives of the islands, hence one shot at the boy in a moment of exthe 1906 convention was drafted citement, but denied that the shot had with the object 6f preventing the touched him. He also admitted that he kidnapping of women and girls and gave orders for a volley to be fired at natives on the beach, but states that no the imposition of fraudulent labor one was hit, and that no shots were fired contracts on the men. No less than in reply. The court found the accused twenty-six out of the sixty-eight guilty of common assault, and under articles of the convention are framed Article 311 of the French penal code he with the object of preventing abuses was sentenced to one year's imprison- ment, with the benefit of the First upon the personal liberty of the Offenders' Act, and walked out of the natives, while five articles were in- court a free man. serted to restrict the sale of intoxicating liquors, arms and ammu- British missionaries and British nition. traders argue quite correctly, that a The missionaries assert that in decision of this nature could not be spite of this convention the kidnap- given in a British court,. and to liberping of laborers for the plantations ate a man upon the grave charge of is cif frequent occurrence and that shooting a native because it was a with impunity Frenchmen kidnap first offense is to give license to women and girls for immoral purposes, many of whom are taken to crime. This case is the more serious New Caledonia. when it is remembered that LeClerc In the June manifesto of the mis- SIons an extraordinary case IS has been convicted several times for quoted: his treatment of natives. In one A Frenchman named LeClerc was indicted before the French National Court month alone he was convicted on on July 16, 1912, for the murder of a Santo native named Nip, at Big Bay, two serious charges, but apparently Santo, in the month of October, 1911. It appeared from the evidence of six the penalties were never enforced. natives and one white man, that LeClerc, who was the captain of a small recruit- Violations of Law ing ship, called the St. Joseph, was at anchor near the shore. Several natives An examination of the returns came on board for the purpose of trading, or partly out of curiosity. shows that of the cases brought into LeClerc suddenly pulled up anchor court 7 per cent. are against and hoisted sail. There was then a Tonkinese, 8 per cent. against na- tives, I I per cent. against British, and 74 per cent. against French sub- jects.

These cases include kidnapping, the sale of intoxicating liquors, gun- running, and the seizure and viola- tion of women and girls. The de- tails as to the' treatment to which

these latter are sUbjected are not fit aries go everywhere; everyone of matter for publication. Even the them has an income of 5,000 francs wives and daughters of teachers and and 400 francs a year for every evangelists have suffered and are child over seven years old." suffering to-day the loathsome con- sequences of the violations they Mons. Augagneur, while admitting could not prevent. the existence of grave abuses, con- cluded his attack upon the mission- Further breaches of the convention aries in the following words: are fraudulent "reengagement" of laborers, non-payment of wages, and The position, then, is that while the the "sale" of laborers. In the recent English colonizers have as a basis the case of "Public Prosecutor and powerful organization of the Presby- Stuart & Wright v. Jacomb," it was terian missionaries, French colonizers disclosed in evidence that a certain have nothing, or almost nothing, by way estate had been sold for an accepted of support. The C'ondominitrm is not sum of money-part of the assets eternal, either the archipelago will be paid for included cattle, pigs, and divided between each of the two nations thirty-three laborers, the latter being which hold the Condominium at the valued at £r,6so, or £50 apiece. present time, or one of them will acquire the whole. These, then, are the conditions against which the missionaries have Throughout Mons. Augagneur's publicly protested. For years, in speech, there was no recognition of conjunction with the Anti-Slavery the splendid results of missionary and Aborigines Protection Society, work or the fact that it has been, . they have made repeated private pro- and is, greatly hindered by the re- tests to the British Foreign Office, volting abuses practised upon the and also by friendly representations natives; neither was there any dne in Paris, but without obtaining appreciation of the courageous stand effective· redress. the missionaries have made against these admitted violations. In another In the French Chamber last year debate, however, Mons. Lagrosilliere the missionaries were violently at- admitted that "Slavery is organized tacked by Mons. Victor Augagneur, in the New Hebrides." who made the most fantastic charges against them. Mons. Augagneur de- In their extremity the missiOll- clared that a missionary accompanied aries' cry for succor comes ringing by "thirty natives armed with Win- across the ocean to the people of chester rifles" had attacked the Christian England to bestir them- sailors of a whaler. He also stated selves and save missionary enter- tbat the aim of the missionaries was prise in the New Hebrides from the "that of substituting, as far as pm,si- destruction which is rapidly over- ble, Brtiish influence for French in- taking it. Here, indeed, is an urgent fluence," and that "the missionaries task for the Edinburgh Committee thus constitute a veritable state 011 Missions and Governments. If within the state. They are richly that committee should decide upon endowed, and dispose of considerable definite public action – they need not resources. . . . These rich mission- fear the lack of hearty and effective coopera tiOll.

A Twice-born "Turk"-Part

THE REMARKABLE REMINISCENCES OF A CONVERTED MOSLEM SHEIKH TRANSLATED BY ARTHUR T. UPSON, CAIRO, EGYPT Superintendent of the Nile Mission Press Another Religious Awakening Jesus Christ to the Father. I bent my head over the book, but kept my FTER – – – ……..–=-0 being delivered ears open. At last I could endure from the Companions silence no longer, and going up to of Hell I was awak- them, asked leave to participate. ened by the Spirit of They welcomed me and we investi- God, and the fire of gated together. Christian zeal began The bearded gentleman informed to burn within my heart. I felt that me that he belonged to the Adwhat I had suffered had brought me ventists, and I promised to visit him 110 benefit or satisfaction, and I spent at his house on the Moslem feast of a blest hour alone with my Lord, sacrifice. When I called he showed who heard my cry for forgiveness me into a private reception room, when I repented of my many sins where we were alone with God, and forsook them. A voice within worshiping Him and praying to Him. me spoke, as it were, saying: "Defi- For the first time I learned what is nitely receive Jesus Christ, the Re- meant by the indwelling of the Holy Spirit. We felt strongly moved and deemer, Who has made reconciliatio.n our hearts were lifted up as if to heaven. Tears ran down our faces between justice and mercy. God Will for very joy' as we worshiped God. then cause you to become one of the That day was to me not only a feast people of faith and grace." of sacrifice, but of redemption also, for I took Jesus Christ as my Savior I responded joyfully to His call, and Lord. I promised to continue gathered together my books and my visits, and began to observe other articles for my journey, and Saturday as tho I were one with the said, "To my Lord this week." Adventists. .. Satan began to tempt me with all his power, but God's Spirit helped Soon after I received an appointme to escape from Satanic influence, ment as director in the Islamic and with my son I went to Beirut. school, which obliged me to work on' My father went as far as the shore Saturdays against my will. Through to bid us farewell, with tears flowing many arguments brought to convince as tho he recognized that he would me, and because of my comparative never see us again. ignorance of the Holy Scriptures, I was temporarily persuaded that the For some months I had no other keeping of Saturday as a day of rest occupation in Beirut than to study and worship was a necessity in the religious books in the mission read- Christian religion. The emotion and ing-room. One day, as I was study- contrition which I felt in my prayers ing the Bible, two men came in and began to discuss the doctrine of the Holy Trinity and the relation of

with the Adventists, and the dreams lems, drest mostly as Sheikhs, but which appeared to me many nights, some of them as merchants. I was helped to influence me. too far away to catch the words and finally saw the Sheikh get up angrily r see now that these experiences and rush off. I stopt him to ask what was the trouble. He was very of sorrow for sin and joy at for- excited, so we sat down under a tree giveness are common to all Chris- till his blood should cool, and I saw. tains, and were simply spiritual that he was offering a private prayer. tokens to establish me in the faith Finally he turned to me and said: of God's Church. Sheikh: My friend, I will tell you Now I asked some of the com- what has happened. There was a mittee of the school to excuse me young man, a former associate, who from attending school on Saturday. asked one of the missionaries to get They granted me permission, but him a position. That very day I prest me hard to know the reason. had given my boy some money and I did not tell them, and they con- told him, "If you do not find me in cluded that I was a Jew, in spite of the room when you come back from all they knew of my family. They your master, get the key from the . searched my room during my ab- porter and wait for me." When I sence from the school one day and returned to my room that evening they found some Christian books. the boy was not there, and I asked They began to threaten me with the porter where he was. The man death and finally caused me to leave said that my son had taken the key the school. at sunset, since which time he had not seen him. I forced the door Some friends introduced me to a open and found some goods and the gentleman who made it possible for boy's clothes missing. me to come to Egypt. Then news came that my father was· at death's It was dear that someone had led door. So I postponed my journey, the boy astray in order to send him went back home, expecting to be back to Syria. I then went to the present at his death and to receive police-station, but the sergeant would my share of the inheritance. I not help me. In the morning I re- found, however, that he had regis- turned to see the magistrate, and tered most of his real estate in the when I told him that someone had names of my brothers, in order that seduced my boy and stolen my goods, I might receive nothing. The other and that I wanted him to send word valuables were also appropriated by to the authorities in Alexandria and some of the heirs. After seeking in Port Said to see if he was there, he vain to obtain justice, I left for asked me for official papers to prove Beirut, and from there came to the boy's age. As I could not pro- Egypt. duce these, he excused himself be- cause he had friends with him and Narrator: The Sheikh and I then was much too busy drinking coffee parted, and for many days I saw and smoking cigars to attend to me! him no more. Finally, some weeks later, I saw him going to the Next day I heard that my brother Ezbekieh Gardens. He was in eager discussion with a number of Mos-

A TWICE-BORN "TURK"

had come back to EI-Azhar and had After he had read this to me with sent to my boy a postcard asking him all insolence, I replied: "Oh, Sheikh, to meet him at the mosque. I went do you know my name? Have you there with some Christian friends, heard anything about me before but found no signs of my son. On now? Have you heard of my family, my way back I went to the book- Illy wealth or my poverty, my pro- shop where I had sold my books and fession or religion, before now?"

asked the man about my boy, but he "No," he replied.

did not give me a clear answer. "Do you know how much I re- During the conversation a Sheikh ceive from the printing house in came in and invited me to a cafe. wages for my work?"

After drinking tea and indulging in "No."

the usual salutations, he told me that "Have you ever heard of the my boy had come two days ago to Christians giving me anything at all the street near EI-Azhar with a for becoming a Christian?"

young man and had brought a Per- "No," he answered.

sian rug which he asked someone to "Since you have confest this and sell for him in onter to enable him have written these wicked verses, to run away from Egypt to Syria here is clear evidence that you have because I had become a Christian, committed the worst of crimes. If and he was afraid that I should you wish I will detail them to you."

make him one. "It is enough, oh Sheikh," he said.

That Sheikh, out of his religious "I have sinned against you."

enthusiasm (as he called it), pre- "Very well," I said, "I forgive vented him from selling the carpet, you freely for Christ commanded but collected some money to enable us to do so."

him to travel via Port Said. He then After that he gave me more hypo- pulled out from his pocket a paper critical flattery and invited me to on which he had written satirical take supper at his home. I asked verses (purporting to be a confes- him to excuse me, and when he sion by myself), to this effect: wished to know the reason, I said: "When all means of livelihood "Because I can not forget the com- were shut in my face wherever I mand of Mohammed to you, 'Who-, went among the Moslems, and I soever changeth his religion, kill him.'

found no possibility of earning a Therefore I am not going to venture living except by pretending to be- to enter your house without the full come a Christian, and when the knowledge of the Government as to Christians made me hear the chink where I am to be found at that of coins and said, 'Declare your be- moment. Fear God, 0 Sheikh, and lief in the Trinity and take the know that all speech bears traces of money,' I said, 'Give me the money, the heart from which it comes."

and if you wish I will not only Then I left him in haste, and went triple but quadruple! for from my away asking God to protect me from early days I have never cared for evil.

any religion at alL'" (To be concluded.)

Evangelization of the

. Language * THE PRINTED PAGE AND THE NILE MISSION PRESS BY REV. s. M. ZWEMER, D.D., CAIRO, EGYPT Chairman of the G"neral Committee of the Nile Mission Press mo NE of the Arab philoso- the word of Mohammed, incorporated phers, at once a zoolog- in his book, has gone on the wings ist, a philosopher, and of the wind with Arab propagandism, biographer of Moham- until to-day the Koran is perhaps the med, the prophet, whose most widely read of any book in name was Ed Damiry, the world save the Bible. and who lived about four or five hundred years after Mo- I think it is correct to say, as an hammed's death, said that "Verily the American typewriter firm did the wisdom of God came down on three- other day in an advertisement, that on the hand of the Cliinese, on the the Arabic character is used more brain of the Franks, and on the tongue widely than any other character used of the Arabs." by the human race. The Chinese character is used by more people, The present awakening of China vastly more, but the Arabic character will doubtless prove that not only in has spread, through the Mohammethe past, but also in the present, the dan religion, over much wider area, Chinese are above all nations clever until in every part of the great world in handicraft. It is interesting to of Islam those who know the Arabic believe that the Arabs, even in the character can at least read the signs Middle Ages, realized the inventive of the street or the tickets in the genius of the West, and no one who railway trains. To begin with, the has ever studied the Arabic language, whole of North Africa has adopted or even their literature as far as it the Arabic character. From Rio de has been translated, can doubt that Oro and Morocco, through Algiers, the language of the Arabs, which Tunis, Tripoli, Egypt, in all the day they call "the language of the angels," schools, higher schools, on the street, is, of all living languages, perhaps, the and wherever there are people who most delicate in structure, immense read and write, they use the same in vocabulary, and of great possibil- character that is used in the Koran. ity for the expression of every form The Arabic character has also been of thought. Noone doubts the im- carried through a large part of Cenportance of this living speech. tral Africa by the Hausas, and through a large part of Eastern I. Extent, Spread, and World-Wide In- Africa by the Swahilis and the Arabs of Zanzibar. Long before Living- fluem:e of the Arabic: Language stone crossed the Dark Continent the Arabs had already named the chief The Arabic language became the lands of Africa, visited the great chief vehicle for carrying on and lakes, and discovered the greater part carrying outside the bounds of Arabia of the continent. The same is true the Moslem religion. The Bible tells of the Far Eastern world. In the US, "In the beginning was the Word, Philippine Islands and Malaysia the and the Word was with God," and books used by the Moslems, numberthat "the Word became flesh and ing 35.000,000 souls, are mostly in dwelt among us." In another sense * An addres! ~ven ~t a meeting in New York, in the home of Mr. and Mrs. Finley J. Shepard. THE NEW HEADQUARTERS OF THE NILE MISSION PRESS IN CAIRO, EGYPT the Arabic tongue or in the Arabic Every time we buy a magazine, use a script. The same is true of the great sofa, or study algebra, we pay tribute strip of country from far Western to th~ Arabic tongue, because all China, through Northern India, these are Arabic words. There arc Afghanistan, Eastern Turkestan, the fifty other words ust as common whole of Persia, Turkey-in-Asia, and which could be mentioned. But most Arabia. Islam has carried its alpha- of all, the Arabic language is bound bet, the sacred alphabet of the Koran, up with the religion of Islam. Tothroughout the whole of the Moslem day there are no less than forty or world. fifty million people whose spoken tongue is the language of Arabic, The Arabic speech has even ex- and over 200,000,000 people who tended through its literature and pray no prayer to God, who have no Moslem emigrants to the New World. religious expression for the thoughts In South America there are nearly of their soul, save as winged with 160,000 Mohammedans, while in the language of Mohammed. Brazil alone there are seven Arabic newspapers. The cry of the muezzin is the The Mohammedan religion has challenge of Islam to the Church of also carried its grammar, its vocab- Jesus Christ. In all these lands, ulary, through a greater part of the from Canton in the extreme East, Oriental and Occidental world. Even and through Western China, in the in the English language we have no Malay Archipelago, and as far West less than threescore words that are as Morocco or Sierra Leone, as far Arabic, which came by way of the South as Cape Town and as far Crusaders or through Spain into the North as Tobolsk, Siberia, you may English dictionary and linger there. hear every day the call to prayer

in Arabic, and the prayer from Mo- and fanaticism toward Western hammed's book, "In the name of ideas, and wholly inadequate to meet God, the merciful, the compas- the intellectual and moral needs of sionate !" humanity.

Nor has the Arabic language Take, for example, the social and ceased to spread through the world. political effect of Arabic literature. Its use is extending not only in The literature of Islam is out and Africa, but even in China, and we out, of course, Mohammedan, and is may speak of a revival of Arabic in based on the Arabic medieval con- nearly every Moslem land. It is in ception of social life and progress. the deepest sense of the word a liv- I think it was Lord Cromer who ing speech. What stronger proof said in his book on Egypt that "re- could we have for this than the formed Islam is Islam no longer," activity of the Mohammedan press because the real Islam is based on in centers like Cairo, Beirut, and three principles-the principle of in- Constantinople. tolerance, the principle of the degra- dation of womanhood, and therefore II. Need fol' the Evangelization of the ruin of the home life, and the principle of the unchangeableness of Arabic civil law. Now, these three prin- ciples are absolutely antagonistic to On the other hand, Arabic litera- the march of modern civilization. ture has, by the very fact of its 'being Moslem, become to-day the greatest In regard to womanhood, there and strongest retrograde force for are a small number of Mohamme- civilization and social progress in the dans who advocate monogamy and world. deprecate polygamy, but there is not a single Moslem in Cairo or Cal- Sir William Muir said that "the cutta who can write a book in favor book, the religion, and the sword of of the rights of womanhood without Islam have done more to retard the directly indicting the life of the progress of civilization than any prophet and attacking the Koran. other forces in the world." Islam So these two things are incom- has lost its sword. The Moslem patible, and it is simply impossible to world is under Christian government reform Islam without impugning or Western influence practically Mohammed himself and his sacred everywhere. But the power of Islam institutions. Again, Mohammedan still remains in its book, in the literature stands for intolerance. You propagating force of this religion can find intolerance in nearly every through its literature. I believe that Moslem book you pick up, whether the old Arabic literature is both story-book or poem or philosophy or socially and morally and spiritually religion. It is woven into their to-day the greatest retrograde force literature and life. in the world. Mohammedan literature is also But the springs of this literature morally unfit to elevate the world. are not waters of life that make Let us take two or three examples everything blossom and bloom with familiar to us all. The Arabic tales their flow. The water that goes forth of the Thousand and One Nights is from the springs of Arabic literature and of Islam is bitter water, a Dead used among us as a book for chil- dren. It is a book of rather inter- Sea of thought. It is, alas, true that esting stories in the expurgated form the desert is the garden of Allah, . but the desert is not the garden of in which we know it, but as it cir- Jehovah. Where Jehovah walks is culates in the Moslem world it cor- Paradise, and where Allah walks rupts morals, degrades home life, there is the desert. and the better class of Moslems to- Arabic Moslem literature is anti- day would not like to be seen reading Christian, impure, full of intolerance

EVANGELIZATION OF THE ARABIC

the book. Take the greatest book in the Koran, and says that the Gospel the Arabic world, the Koran itself. now in the hands of Christians has "Tlie Koran," as a Moslem in Mo- been utterly corrupted and is unrocco said, "contains beautiful moral trustworthy. The second part of the precepts, but they are hard to follow. book might well be entitled, "Vhat When I read the New Testament a boy and girl ought not to know." someone seems to be drawing me to No further proof surely is needed Himself." There is the greatest that this literature needs to be puridifference in the world between the fied and superseded. Arabic Bible and the Arabic Koran, the Arabs themselves being wit- III. What is Being Done to Meet this nesses. If placed side by side with the Bible, Mohammed's book will . Need? show immediately its inferiority. I remember an Arab who came to one The Beirut press, established by of our missionaries in Arabia and an American mission, has had a said, "I love your Bible, but," he splendid record of achievement. Besaid, "the Arabic Bible is not as sides the Arabic Bible prepared for poetic, its form is not as elevating, Moslem readers all over the world, its eloquence is not as great as is scores of books, scientific, moral, the eloquence and the poetry of Mo- and religious, have been published hammed's book, the Koran." And by them, and have had a wide cirthe missionary, quick as a flash, culation. But this press has always said, "When the caravan is crossing been handicapped .because of the the desert and the travelers are Turkish Government. Even under dying for thirst, do they ask for rose- the new constitution they are unable water?" It is God's Word alone to print freely the kind of literature that satisfies the thirsty soul. needed for the present opportunity.

And there is a sad dearth of litera- The Nile Mission Press was estabture for children. The Koran is not lished to cooperate with the mission a book for children in any sense of press at Beirut, and to supplement the word. Its style is obscure even its work of Bible printing and exto adult Arabs, and except for a tend it on a much larger scale, espefew Old Testament stories and some cially by tracts and leaflets suited for references to Jesus Christ, told in Mohammedans. garbled form, there is nothing in it to attract children. Pictures and We must ca]5ture the Arabic literamusic, altho increasingly winning ture for Jesus Christ and use it to their way among Moslem children, carry His message everywhere, as must do so over against religious Mohammed once used it to carry his prohibition according to the letter of religion. This is not impossible. the law. The contents of a children's primer on religion, by Sheikh We have illustrations in the story of Mohammed Amin al Kurdi, which missions. When Ulfilas, the great has had an enormous circulation in missionary, came to Northern Europe Egypt, Malaysia, and North Africa, and put the Bible in the language of will indicate what a Moslem child is the people, he captured it for Jesus taught; it is typical of this sort of Christ. When Luther put the Bible literature. In the introduction the into the old German tongue, the author says that his book is intended tongue of the common people which men despised, he created the German for primary schools and for boys language; and when Tyndale and and girls at home. The first part Coverdale gave the Bible to Engof the book defines God, His unity land they perpetuated the faith of and His attributes, speaks of Mo- the Bible not only, but made it penehammed, the doctrine of angels and trate and permeate the English lan- guage. And so I believe that when Dr. Van Dyck and Eli Smith ended their work of faith and labor of love THE MISSIONARY REVIEW OF THE WORLD and patience, of hope, translating the press have been inadequate, but now we have the opportunity to purpage by page and verse by verse the chase suitable premises, and nearly all the money for the purchase has Bible into the Arabic tongue-when been raised and paid in. Only the small sum of five thousand dollars the completed Bible came from the remains.

press in Beirut, they ushered in an The Nile Mission press stands at the great strategic center of Islam, era far more important than any Cairo, "the victorious." If you go into its narrow streets, among the dynasty or any change in govern- bookshop crowds, you have only to ments in the Moslem world, because stand there for a few hours to see that the real capital of Islam is Cairo. they gave to fifty million people the Here are men from Nigeria, Mo- Word of God in a matchless transla- rocco, Java, Singapore, Hunan in West China, from Mecca, Medina, tion. There is a proverb current at Teheran, Stamboul, from Bokhara, Damascus, or which used to be cur- from every part of the Moslem world. What do they come for? rent there, given by Hartmann in an To lay in a stock of Mohammedan literature and to carry it to the article he wrote on Islam and the utmost confines of the Moslem world.

Arabic speech, "Verily, the Arabic Could you find a better center, a language will never be Christian- more efficient method, and a more strategic time for this work than ized." God has given us to-day? Carey's watchword should be ours, "Attempt This Arabic proverb is to us a great things for God; expect great things from God." challenge, and for that purpose we are met here. In this task we have had the splendid cooperation of the New York Committee. For this pur- pose the Nile Mission Press em- ploys its seventeen colporteurs and sent out last year 82,000 books and pamphlets to every part of the Mos- 'lem world, making Cairo a dis- tributing center for the Gospel mes- sage in all Moslem lands. .

For many years the quarters of The JudsonCentennial in Burma * BY REV. FRANK M. GOODCHILD, D.D., NEW YORK f. JT , HE Judson Centennial it has given the native Christian peo- ple a new importance in their com- ' meetings in Burma munities that so many white brethren were of great signifi- should come so far to visit them. cance. They were Certainly the native Christians 'have great in size and vast assumed a new importance in the in i n flu e nee. The eyes of the visitors. They have clear convictions of Christian truth . movements of the Jud- and picturesque ways of presenting them, and in some cases they show son party were noted daily in the notable self-sacrifice in sustaining Christian work. Rangoon papers, and detailed ac- The celebration was held in two counts of the meetings were given. great centers. The Rangoon meet- ings were first in time and in im- Wherever the American visitors went large companies of native Christians turned out to see and hear them, and a multitude of non-Christians stood wondering at it all. No doubt • Condensed from Mi.lsions.

JUDSON CENTENNIAL IN

portance, but the celebration at York, who was not able to be present. Moulmein was impressive, and the An event of profound interest was tenderest services of all were held on the very spots made sacred by when five aged women, who were Judson's sufferings-at Amherst little girls in the last years of Dr. where Ann Hasseltine is buried, at Judson's life, and remembered him, Aungbinle where Judson was im- gave their reminiscences. They prisoned and was in the stocks, and were called "Five Little Girls" on on the prison site at Ava. the program. They were Sarah Stevens (now Mrs. D. A. W. Smith), The Burma Baptist Convention Mary Brayton (Mrs. M. M. Rose), was in session in Rangoon on the Julia Haswell (Mrs. J. M. Vinton), day before the Centennial exercises Susie Haswell (Miss S. Haswell), began, so that a large crowd was in and Sarah Stilson (Miss S. Stilson). attendance. Two remarkable features of this The meetings were opened prompt- and other sessions were the singing lyon Wednesday morning, Decem- of the 'Karen and Burmese choirs, ber 10, at 8 o'clock. (Mark that, and the translation of the addresses all you who think the East does not into Burmese and Karen by Dr. W. hustle!) A vast throng filled the F. Thomas. He can compress an spacious Cushing Hall. The upper hour's address into five minutes, putwindows of the lofty room served as ting it into two languages at the a gallery and were crowded with the same time, and he has the reputation heads of those who stood on the of making the speeches better than outside balcony. The native people they are in English. Nobody sleeps were present in large numbers, the ,,,hen Thomas interprets. men on one side of the room, the women on the other; the men with By 2 o'clock the meeting convened brilliant silk turbans, the women with once more. Miss Cornelia Judson, little sprays of flowers tucked in a grandniece of Adoniram Judson, their abundant, black, carefully coiled who for twenty-six years has been in ~air ; and all of, them, men and educational work in Japan, spoke women alike, having silk skirts of briefly. A long list of speakers, repbright, harmonious colors. We have resenting other denominations, folnothing like such a sight in America. lowed each other, bringing greetings You can get it only by a journey and congratulations, and with a verof many thousands of miles. satility rarely, if ever, paralleled, each one was able in some way to All sang the same hymn, "Oh connect himself with Judson and God, our help in ages past," but make it seem especially fitting that each sang in his own tongue. he should have a place on the program.

On the platform were seated rep- Then followed a feature not on the resentatives of all the other denomi- program, but full of interest to the nations working in Burma, and rep- American visitors. The native orresentatives of Baptist missions in dained ministers were asked to stand other lands. Notable among those up. A large number of earnest lookwho spoke was the Rev. William Carey of Barisal, India, the great- ing men stood and were greeted with grandson of the Father of Modern applause. Then the theological stu- Missions. His face is not unlike the dents were asked to arise. Among strong, kindly countenance of his those who stood, five languages were illustrious ancestor. Dr. Henry C. represented, and John 3 :16 was re- Mabie represented the Foreign Mis- cited by different groups in Burmese, sion Society. Dr. R. S. MacArthUl, Chin, Pwo Karen, and Shan, while president of the Baptist W orId Alli- another group sang a hymn in Sgaw ance, brought the regrets and felicita- Karen. Burmese girl students retions of Dr. Edward Judson of New cited a text, and Karen school girls sang a hymn.

At the closing session of the cele- there is built on the very site of the bration on Thursday afternoon the old prison in which Judson suffered. presiding officer was the highest Gov- Every inch of space was occupied, ernment official in Burma, Lieutenant- the natives sitting on the fioor. Ad- Governor Adamson. He spoke ap- dresses were made by Mrs. Safford preciatively of Judson's work. A let- and Dr. Goodchild, and two native ter of congratulations from Secretary pastors spoke gratefully of Judson, of State Bryan was read, and before and showed fine quality of thought the close of the day a congratulatory and eloquence. The interpreter was cablegram from President Wilson. L. T. Ah Sou of Moulmein, whose mother was baptized by Judson when Addresses were then made by Dr. she was twelve years old. She and MacArthur, Dr. R. A. Hume, senior two others whom Judson baptized missionary of the oldest mission of are still living. Two of them at- the American Board; Dr. H. Ander- tended the meeting at Moulmein son of the English Baptist Mission, and were called to the platform. and Dr. Henry C. Mabie. It was a great meeting, the climax of all that At Ava, a booth, part grass and had gone before. All the addresses part canvas, had been erected on the were of the first order. site of the old prison, and in it the service was held. All the company At Moulmein th.e celebration oc- sat on mats on the fioor. Rev. curred on Sunday, December 14th. Mr. Grigg, the missionary in that In the morning the visiting preachers district, stated that he long-ed to spoke at the various missions. At build a rest house for travelers, to 4 P.M. in the Talaing compound make a well, and to erect a shaft on . three converts were baptized. At that spot as a memorial to Judson. 4.30, Rev. A. C. Darrow conducted He said that the Government had the party to a fine property worth given one and a quarter acres of 15,000 rupees ($5,000), which the land, the old prison site, for the Talaings have just bought for a hos- purpose. But to carry out the plan pital. Saya Nai Di handed the title would cost 3,200 rupees. Dr. H. M. deeds of the property to Dr. Mabie Sanders asked the privilege of con- as the representative of the Foreign tributing the entire sum. Mr. Grigg said also that there had been no Mission Society, and a prayer of missionary in Ava since Judson's dedication was offered by Ka Taw time, and to support a native preacher Thoon. At 5.30 a, mass meeting there would cost 360 rupees a year. was held in Judson Memorial Hall, He wished some one would under- which was taxed to accommodate the take the support of such a man for great crowd. Dr. Hume paid a fine five years. The Rev. D. L. Jami- tribute to a leader of the Burmese son of Albion, N. Y., assumed this Baptist community who had recently responsibility. given up a Government position After the meeting the party went worth 175 rupees a month to take over the road from Ava to Amara- pura, over which Judson walked in a teacher's position in one of our fetters, and in extreme pain and ex- haustion, when he was transferred schools at 50 rupees a month. from Ava to Aungbinle. Some of the company went in ox-carts. Some On Tuesday, December 16th, a walked. The road is a hot, dusty one in December, the cool season. large company of people, natives and Judson walked it in May, one of the hottest months of the year. This trip visitors, went from Moulmein by was in very truth a pilgrimage, and the places visited were shrines. launch to Amherst to visit Ann Has- seltine's grave. The chief features of the celebration were the visits to Aungbinle and Ava, where Judson was imprisoned. On Sunday, De- cember 21st, the pilgrimage was made to Aungbinle. The chapel

JUDSON ANN HASSELTINE

MISSIONARY DAY FOR CHILDREN AT THE

RUSHDEN ROPEHOLDERS OF ENGLAND AND THElR LAWN MAP OF INDIA

OF BEST

• WORKING FOR MISSIONS IN SUMMER MONTHS CONDUCTED BY BELLE M. BRAIN, COLLEGE HILL, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

~~~~~OR years the Church rubber sales, newspaper sales, make looked upon winter as aprons or bed-quilts, nut-bread or its great harvest-time. grape-juice. Try one-egg cakes in- Beginning wit h the stead of two and give the egg-money.

Week of P ray e r Do anything honest, but get the special evangelistic ser- money to send the delegate!"

vices were held, and MISSIONARY SERVICES AT SEA- Christian work of all kinds was SIDE RESORTS pushed with great ardor. Then spring came, and the special efforts ceased. BY MR. W. G. OVENS, B.A., SIDNEY SUS- The harvest was past, the winter was SEX COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, AND ended. WYCLIFFE HALL, OXFORD, In summer the Church took a va- ENGLAND cation and the Devil had his great Every summer since the year 1868 harvest-time. The Church and her holiday services have been held dur- children were idle, but he found ing the months of July and August plenty to do. Then the Church be- at sixty or seventy seaside resorts . came wise. She tried the experi- around the coasts of Great Britain ment of working in summer and and Ireland.

found that it paid. Now, in a large These services are held under the number of cities, evangelistic cam- auspices of the Children's Special paigns are conducted durine- the sum- Service Mission, and are for the mer in tents or outdoors, and thou- most' part conducted by honorary sands of souls are brought to the workers, a large proportion of whom Lord Jesus Christ. are university and professional men.

Missionary leaders, too, have Last summer nearly 140 graduates learned the wisdom of working all and undergraduates were sent by the year round. In Great Britain Oxford and Cambridge Universities special missionary services are held alone.

on the beach at the seaside resorts. The object of these services is to In America the most beautiful spots . lead young people definitely to ac- have been preempted for missionary cept the Lord Jesus Christ as their conferences and summer schools of personal Savior, to encourage them methods. They are thronged every to read the Word of God daily, and year and have become great recruit- to show them the true secret of the ing stations for the army of the Lord. daily overcoming life. The work at No church can afford to be without each place usually lasts from three representation at them. to four weeks, and is in charge of a "If only the six hundred women at responsible leader, supported by a Northfield, the eight hun d red at band of helpers.

Chautauqua, and the other hundreds Each morning a short meeting is at the other summer schools of mis- held for prayer and praise. This is sions could be multiplied like leaves, followed by the large general meet- there would be no trouble in enlist- ing, held upon the sands. It lasts ing women for missions," says Mrs. for one hour, and is a bright, happy Montgomery. "Every woman goes gathering for prayer, hymn and home a live wire. Will not every chorus-singing, text-searching, Bible circle resolve to have a delegate at objects, and short addresses. Pre- some summer school this year? Have vious to the service the children are

invited to come with "good spades with an utter absence of cut-andand bright faces" and dig the sand dried, regular, committee-made, clockpulpit and make sand seats to form work and professional performances the sand "cathedra1." The pulpit is which so often repel young life. decorated with seaweed and shells or flowers, and is provided with stone The workers emphasize the fact steps. of sin, the inspiration of the written Each evening special meetings are 'Nord, the necessity of conversion, and the possibility of a life of power SOUTH AMERICA ON THE SANDS and joy in the Holy Spirit.

held. Sometimes it is a meeting for One of the great features of the boys or girls only; at other times work is the emphasis laid upon there is a procession when the boys Foreign Missions, and one day in and girls carry Chinese lanterns, or the week is usually set apart as decorated designs, or ride illuminated "Missionary Day." At all the serbicycles. Stops are made at differ- vices during that day special referent places in the town and on the ence is made to some part of the sea front, and bright choruses are mission field, missionary hymns are sung and Gospel addresses given. sung, and missionary literature is All these meetings attract great distributed. The morning meeting crowds-not only of young people, on the beach is add rest by some one but of adult visitors, clergy and specially interested in missions-a others, and are times of inspiration. Student Volunteer, a missionary home on furlough (s 0 met i m e s During the afternoons various drest in native costume) or a' means are adopted to entertain the mIssIOnary bishop. Occasionally boys and girls-text-writing, compo- some of the children are drest in sitions on the sands, sand designs, foreig9- costume and exhibit letters excursions, picnics, cricket, hockey from the "Missionary Alphabet." and other sports. These all give op- Curios are also exhibited, and diaportunities for personal work and show the children the reality of the grams . In the evening it is cus- Christian life. It is an object-lesson tomary to hold a mass meeting in that one of the halls and an illustrated missionary lecture is given. "Religion never was designed To make our pleasures less." Perhaps the greatest feature of the day is the "sand map" on the beach. The value of the work of this mis- A band of workers goes down four sion has been acknowledged in all or five hours before the time of the quarters and the fruits of the last service to make the map. A large forty-five years are abundant. Per- space is roped off, the lines of haps the greatest feature is the spe- latitude and longitude are marked by cial atmosphere of this mission thin twine, and the outline is care- fully drawn on the sand. This out- line is filled in with large white stones outside of which is placed a layer of seaweed, and so the coast line at once appears prominent. Next the rivers are carefully traced and are filled in with strips of very bright green seaweed. Then the lakes are marked out and covered with seaweed. Sand heaps are made for the plateaus and mountains, and upon the tops of the higher moun- tains white flour or salt is placed to represent the snow. If there is a

OF BEST METHODS

volcano some red substance is placed GRASS MAPS ON THE LAWN on top of the sand to represent the It is not necessary to go to the flowing lava. The chief towns and seashore to make use of the plans mission stations are marked by black outlined in the foregoing article. letters on white cards supported on Outdoor meetings can be arranged wooden stakes. for the stay-at-homes with grass maps on the lawn. This has been When the map is completed the done in England and it will be done effect is very fine-the white and in America this summer. The maps green coast line, the green lakes and can not be made quite so attractive, rivers on the brown sand, and the perhaps, but they can be made fully mountains with their snow-white as effective. tops. Large texts or missionary mottos are worked in shells or Last summer when the Rushden, Howers outside the boundary lines of England, branch of Ropeholders (an the country outlined. Around the organization of young people in the enclosure flags are placed and mis- Baptist churches of Great Britain) sionary diagrams are exhibited. held what they called a "summer During the time (three to five school," one feature of it was a map hours) that the construction has of India outlined on a lawn. "The been going forward, numbers of summer school of the Rushden Ropevisitors who would not otherwise be holders began with a cricket match," attracted stop and ask questions and says Wonderlands (an English Bapoften remain for the service, and tist magazine), "Boys versus Girls. thus many opportunities arise of This was followed by tea in the helping to disseminate information orchard. After tea a demonstration concerning the mission field. As was given on a large map on the soon as the map is completed a spe- lawn, in which about thirty took cial missionary service is held and part. Each told something about at its conclusion visitors are ad- our work in India, and as each place mitted within the enclosure and are was mentioned, a flag was planted on taken around the map on "personally the spot. At the close of the demonconducted tours." stration the Ropeholders' hymn was sung." The whole idea is very popular with the young people-the construc- Another adaptation of the sand map idea was worked out by a comtion of the map gives occupation for pany of Wesleyan Methodist young people at a meeting held in the several hours for the children and is grounds of Mr. John 1. Parkes, of Birmingham, England. This took interesting to adults. It is more the form of a living map of India, the outline of which was marked on than a practical geography lesson. the lawn by means of white tape twisted around long nails driven into It is a vivid missionary lesson, and one can feel that impressions then made are destined to remain long after the tide has washed away the map. In money given, in interest aroused, and in other ways, these the turf at many points. On the services in vacation time have been map hoops were placed at the proper abundantly owned of God. geographical places to represent the In our public and private schoo~ nine districts in India where the in home and business life, the in- Wesleyan Methodists are working.

fluence of this work is going on, and Young people, appropriately drest in to-day, both at home and abroad, in native costume, then took their places .the ranks of the clergy and in the on the map, one in each hoop, and mission field there are many who told, in turn, stories of the work done first heard the call, "Come unto me," in the different districts and the at these gatherings by the seaside. workers engaged in it.

A MIDSUMMER MISSIONARY other guide than a picture in a back FESTIVAL* number of a missionary magazine.

BY MR. STANLEY SOWTON, LONDON, For a few minutes we had all the ENGLAND wealth of color of the picturesque Assistant Centenary Secretary. Wesleyan Methodist Missionary Society East before us. Japan and China were each represented by groups of Something was on at Bradford; eager young people. One village there could be no doubt about that. society was responsible for North The quaint little Wiltshire town India, and bore banners with the n~stli!lg by the Avon does not readily names of our districts in that field.

gIve Itself up to every new idea that A Tamil school was admirably dis- com~s along; but. the little groups played in tableau form on a wagon, outsIde each house III the main street and we caught a glimpse of the the children waiting expectantly at teacher with his blackboard, while every turning, and the crowd of cross-legged before him sat his pupils.

quite respectable size at the market- A touch of realism was lent by the place, all betokened that something thatched roof, supported by homely was on. props-too typical, I fear, of many The visitor had no need to remain a building on the mission field. – long in doubt as to what this "some- It was a special pleasure to see the thing" was. Long streamers in- charming way in which the mission- sistently announced, "This way to ary magazine of the church, The the missionary festival." Presently Foreign Field, was introduced. A we heard the strains of a band, and tasteful banner had been daesidgonzeed~ and following it were half there was that exciting tension ladies, who looked so attractive in among the crowd which silently, but light green dresses and light green distinctly, says, "Here they come! toques, both decorated with dark Look, look!" blue (the colors of the magazine). Here they did come and every- Followin~ these came a score or body did look. ' more of children wearing the same I knew the short time that had color combinations and bearing been allowed for preparation and the aloft large cards, with the name of difficulties that had been encountered the magazine, each bordered with in procuring suitable costumes; and laurel leaves and garlands together I had expected only a small, tho in very tasteful style. commel!-dable, sort .of Sunday-school Numerous other groups passed processIOn. Imagme my delight along in capital order, doing credit when, headed by a handsome banner to. the Taoist priests, Ceylon natives, and. a ver;v creditable band, a pro- Hmdu gentlemen, and other piccessIOn qUIte half a mile long began turesque helpers who filled the role to wind around the corner. It was of marshals. fine! Thank God for the spirit of A street collection was taken foreign .missionary enterprise that is en. route,. the quaint~st. receptacles abroad In the homeland! Following bemg deVIsed from bISCUIt tins and t~hueperbianntennedrenatn,d the cbhaainrd~.anc,amaendthea the the like to represent Eastern cook- group of workers. Then came the ing-pots. Even people who took boys and girls and ladies and gen- photographs from the balconies or tlemen in costume–:first an East watched from upper windows were Indian bride, correct in every detail not forgotten. A pretty little bag on up to the little green tiara which a long pole, and an irresistible appeal crowned her head. The entire cos- from below, served to brin~ urist to tume was home-made, and with no the missionary mill. b Rev. Norman D. Thorp, the pas- • Condensed from The Forelgn Field. tor, hurried me off by a short cut

OF BEST METHODS

up a tremendous hill, while the pro- and carefully deposited the home- cession took a longer, more level made lanterns, to be used, I hope, route, and a few minutes later we on some future occasion. They watched it as it passed along the were tired, that little band of work- road below the pretty lawn which ers, but happy-tired, which makes Lord Fitzmaurice had kindly loaned just all the difference.

for the occasion. Mr. Thorp was busy the rest of the evening super- OLD COLONY'S MIDSUMMER vising the various side-shows, all CHRISTMAS TREE forming competing attractions at the Every summer at the end of June same time. We had a very pleasant meeting or sometimes in July, the young for three-quarters of an hour. There people of the Old Colony Baptist was prayer for a true blessing on Association of Plymouth County, the day's gathering and music by an Mass., hold an all-day basket meeting excellent string band, and a capable in the interest of foreign missions, the unique feature of which is a little choir. The meeting ended, hundreds of Christmas tree. young people and older friends dis- Near Easter each year, Miss Ella persed over the lawn and soon en- C. Robinson, of Brockton, Mass., tirely cleared the refreshment stall; the secretary of the association, who others invested their pennies in has had charge of the midsummer visits to the "Chinese Curios," "A meeting ever since its inauguration Link with Lanka," "The Children's away back in 1888, sends a letter to Corner," etc. I found myself in the children of all the churches in one little enclosure lit by an acetylene the association, addressing it to the bicycle lamp hung- in the trees, where superintendent of the Sunday-school a young lady was holding a little or some special junior worker. These group of visitors deeply interested. letters usually include some anecdote Her stock-in-trade was a few Cevlon or story calculated to interest the curios belonging to Mr. Thorpe,'and children, and emphasis is placed on a painted set of a Hindu family ob- the following points: ( I) Gifts for tained from the Mission House for the treasury; (2) gifts for the a shilling. She knew the use of Christmas tree; (3) help on the pro- every domestic article, talked on the gram; (4) attendance at the meeting.

dress of the members of the family, The meetings are held 'in the the food they ate, their religious be- different churches in rotation, and liefs, their habits and customs. It are greatly enjoyed. The audience was most interesting. frequently numbers 200, mostly Presently the bugle sounded, and children. There are two sessions, anxious parents and teachers from one at 10 A.M., the other at 1.30 P.M., neighboring villages were searching and a basket lunch at noon. The for Indian bridesmaids and Chinese programs are clever and original, coolies and packing them into vans consisting largely of exercises, dia- kindly lent for the occasion. The logs and demonstrations devised by Bradford children then formed up Miss Robinson and her helpers in the for a lantern procession to the town, various churches. There is, too, for even yet the day's events were alWays a talk by the most alive not over. There were about forty missionary speaker that can he se- lanterns altogether, half of tl1em cured, the decking of the Christmas Chinese, half Singhalese. I should tree," a gift exercis,e, and the dis- never have credited the effect pro- tribution of mite-boxes for the com- duced in the darkness by those forty ing.,year.

lanterns. ,The most novel and attractive fea- We finished up in the schoolroom ture is the decking of the Christmas

tree. At our request, Miss Robinson conducted a very successful mISSIon- tells about it and its origin: ary reading contest last summer, which continued through June, July "For some twenty years a feature and August. In The Woman's Mis- of our meeting has been a Christmas sionary Magazine, the superintendent, tree," she says; "usually a tall ever- Mrs. J. S. PolIock, tells of it as green without any decoration. This follows: is strongly planted in a tub. About eleven o'clock, at the morning ses- "A committee of three ladies from sion, a march is played and the chil- the vVomen's Society selected the dren come, two and two, bringing books to be read and arranged the their gifts for the tree. Each child schedule of credits. Among those is supposed to bring something; a selected were these: 'The Personal five-cent cake of soap is a good thing Life of David Livingstone,' 'Life of for a poor child. A committee of John G. Paton,' 'Pilkington of ladies help to deck the tree. The Uganda,' 'The Egyptian Sudan,' gifts are for the brown brothers and 'China's New Day,' 'Chundra Lela,' sisters in lands beyond the sea, and 'Our Girls of India,' 'Daughters of the tree is a pretty sight when it has India,' 'In the King's Service,' and been decorated by the eager little 'The Bishop's Conversion.' ones. "Each book was given a certain "The tree is stript, its fruit number of credits, five being the brought to my home, and in August highest. The society was divided packed in a box. Then it is sent to into sides, each with a captain, who India or Burma, or elsewhere, and kept a record of the credits. The -. there hangs on a Christmas tree superintendent acted as librarian, again. Ve have many nicely drest and had general oversight of the con- dolls (there were 92 in 1912), games, test. Each contestant was reqUlred school supplies, soap, candy, etc. to make five credits. This was to Dissected maps and pictures make prevent any from selecting just a valuable and inexpensive gifts. The one-credit book and stopping with ladies give sheets, most helpful in that. the schools and most useful also in the packing. Short lengths of calico "The interest taken was 1110St for jackets and skirts are sometimes gratifying. At the close, the losers included. entertained the winners. At this meeting the response at roll-call was HI suppose the Christmas idea was the name of the book liked best and my own, tho possibly the seed the reason thereof. Most of the re- thought was suggested. Certainly its sponses were thoughtful, and revealed practical working out is my own, the fact that a new mental vision but I have had most royal help from had been opened up to most of the the mothers and sisters of Old readers. Some who could not read Colony Association. The Christmas all the books during the contest ex- box gives much pleasure to the chil- prest a desire to complete the dren of our mission schools, and it is course." equally valuable as a stimulant to missionary zeal. Wherever they STIMULATING SUMMER READING may go in after years, our children will never forget the object-lesson of Whenever the Young Women's the summer Christmas tree." Missionary Circle of the First Presbyterian Church, Springfield, A MIDSUMMER MISSIONARY Ohio, omitted its meetings in July and August, the members were READING CONTEST asked to read. at least two mission- ary books duting the summer and· The Young Woman's Missionary report on them at the September Society of the United Presbyterian meeting. A suggested list of twelve Church, Fort Morgan, Colorado,

OF BEST METHODS

books, six from the Warden Free was printed on a page of the society's Library and six from the Proudfit calendar in place of the regular pro- Missionary Library in the church, grams: JULY AND AUGUST MEETINGS OMITTED "Facts are the fingers of God. To know the facts of modern missions is the necessary condition of intelligent interest."-ARTHUR T. PIERSON.

SUGGESTED BOOKS FOR SUMMER READING PROUDFIT LIBRARY WARDEN LIBRARY "The Bishop's Conversion." "Life of James Evans." "In the Tiger Jungle." (The Apostle of the North.) "Life of John G. Paton." "The Story of Uganda." "Life of Neesima-a maker of New "David Livingstone." Japan."

(One who followed Christ.) "New Acts of the Apostles." "An American Missionary in Japan." "The Gist of Japan." "The Life of Robert and Mary Moffat."

OPEN-AIR STEREOPTICON folder the Sabbath preceding the meeting. This reminded the mem- LECTURES bers of their duty to study, and the interesting queries helped to enlist Sunday evening services are often new members. What Mississippi did a problem. The Rev. P. E. Mathias, others can do I" pastor of the King's Highway Church, Bridgeport, Conn., found SUGGESTIONS FOR SUMMER MISthem especially so. The best he could do was 'to muster a small con- SIONARY MEETINGS gregation of from 25 to 50 people. But one day. an idea occurred to SUMMER MEETINGS AT- SUBURBAN him: the church has a fine lawnwhy not use it for stereopticon lec- HOMEs.-Last summer the Women's tures? Four were arranged for the Society of Emmanuel Baptist Sunday evenings in July, the slides Church, Schenectady, N. Y., held being those furnished by the Ameri- two meetings with members who can Board. "The success of the live in the country. One was at the project was assured from the start," home of the president, which was says The Missionary Herald; "the quickly reached by interurban trolley. average attendance at the four The other was at the home of a services was about 175, and all member whose husband had rented seemed much pleased and profited." a large place some distance from the city for the summer. As this A JULY MISSION STUDY CLASS IN could not be reached by trolley, ar- rangements were made with a large MISSISSIPPI! motor-bus to take the members out in the morning and bring them back "It takes a brave set of women to in the late afternoon. About 60 carry on a Mission Study Class in were in attendance. There was a Mississippi in July!" says The Mis- basket lunch at noon and a fine sionary Survey. "Yet just such mISSIOnary program. The plan has women were found in the First worked so well and given pleasure Presbyterian Church of West Point, to so many that the society has ar- Miss., and the meetings proved both ranged for two more such missionpleasant and profitable. The novel ary outings this year. and practical plan was used of printing the questions for the current A similar meeting was held last lesson on the back of the church summer by a society in Pomona,

Cal., but with this difference-the under the trees in the College Woods husbands and brothers and their (a portion of Union College campus, automobiles were invited! "Seven- within a ten-minute walk of their teen motors went out," says one of church). Each member carried a the members in Woman's Work, sofa cushion to sit on and a little "and oh! such a beautiful drive and basket of luncheon-the menu agreed such a picturesque place among the on being sandwiches, olives, cake, hills! The meeting was held out of fruit, and lemonade. The hours doors and there were 71 present, were from 2.30 to 5.30, and there was many of them men." a short program, after which the re- freshments were served. A MISSIONARY BREAKFAST AND SHOWER.-A recent number of The In Springfield, Ohio, it has been Home Mission Monthly tells of a a favorite custom in some societies novel meeting held by a Colorado to hold at least one meeting each society on the parsonage lawn from summer in Snyder Park, a beautiful 9.30 to 11.00 one August morning. place within easy reach of the city. The afternoons were so warm that At the close of the program, which the committee in charge of the usually begins about four o'clock, a August meeting thought this might dainty picnic supper is served to be a pleasant innovation. The pro- which each one present has contribgram was given by the children, and uted some one thing. consisted of home missionary stories and songs and a costume number in A WORK PARTY AT A SUMMER REwhich those who took part were SORT.-Missionary workers at sumdrest to represent different nationali- mer resorts can do much for misties. At the close a delicious break- sions, both among their fellow fast was served and a generous col- guests and in the little churches that lection was taken, the contributions are usually found not far distant. consisting of little remembrances to "While at our cottage last summer," be sent to the missionaries. Ninety- says a writer in Woman's Work, "my four, mostly adults, attended this sister and I invited sixteen ladies meeting. from neighboring cottages and hotels to spend the morning with MISSIONARY PORCH PARTIES.- us on our lawn or piazza, each being These can be made very delightful. asked to bring a bag of some sort, For some years it was the custom either made or to be made. The of the Young Women's Circle of result was sixteen lovely bags for the First Presbyterian Church, fancy work, buttons, laundry, etc. Springfield, Ohio, to hold its July We gave them to the young ladies and August meetings in the morn- of our branch at home to send to ing, and appoint them at houses hav- some school in China or elsewhere. ing large, shady porches. The weather We told our guests about the good permitting, the meetings were held the bags would do, and next year out of doors. A pleasant plan, bor- plan to have a 'needle-book party,' rowed from the hostess of a delight- and perhaps a pageant for the peoful summer party, is to serve each ple of the little church who want to person, 011 arrival, with a cool glass learn more about missions. . . . Ve of lemonade or fruit punch. attend the little Methodist church, walking a mile and a half each way MISSIONARY PICNICS.-Last sum- -rather hard walk on a hot, dusty mer the Woman's Society of the Sunday, but it helps them to have United Presbyterian Church, Schenec- us, and they help us." tady, N. Y., held their July meeting In June this department will he devoted to Summer Conferences and Schools of Methods, and how to get the most out of them. Lists of the Conferences will be included, together with suggestions and programs relating to them.

EDITORIALS

A WONDERFUL MISSIONARY their way not only into the homes of thousands in North Africa and T HERE is one missionary that . can endure. all kinds of hardship Turkey, but into Central and South Africa, Arabia, Persia, Turkestan WIthout complalllt; that can go into India, China, Malaysia, and othe; lands. all sorts of climate without danger The Nile Mission Press is COIlof suffering from cold thorreesunmsetarolske~' ducted in.Cairo under the auspices that can live without of an mterdenominational com- mittee, and coo·perates with the day, that wears only one suit of mission boards in various lands by clothes. and requires no costly house supplying Arabic Christian literature to their missionaries. The challenge or retlllue of servants. This mis- that "the Arabic language can not be Christianized" awakens the sionary always speaks the truth, is l?yalty and zeal of every true Chrisn~ver vexed when abused by ene- tIan and leads us all, like Dr. Zwemer, to set our teeth, clinch our mIes, and never becomes confused hands, utter a prayer to Almighty God, and determine that with His when contradicted in argument. help it shall be Christianized and shall be used as a means of evan- !his missionary has found the way gelizing the Moslem world.>I< mto many closed lands and into homes whose doors are shut to other messengers 0 f the Gospel. Thou- sands of every land and nation have heard the truth spoken in their own tongue by this unique witness, and hearing have believed in God and in His Son Jesus Christ. This mission- ary is the Bible. CONTINENTAL MISSIONARY Many of the same wonderful o STATISTICS DR missionary statistics for the characteristics and opportunities are Continental societies have been gathere~ and tabulated with great ~osses~ by the printed pages of Chris- care thIS year by Pastor Berlin of Germany. This is a difficult task as tian hterature. Many a man who these societies do not keep their records or make their returns on the would refus~ to listen to a living sal;ne. basis as that adopted by Foreign MISSIOn Boards of North America. preacher wIll have his curiosity Th.ey have never agreed upon any umform scheme among themselves, awakened by a book or tract and be- and some of the larger societies even use different methods of tabulation fore he knows it the truth has taken for their different fields. Many so- cieties do not differentiate between root in his mind. Many districts and male and female missionaries or be- tween married and single women. homes that are closed to the mis- The Scandinavians, and some others, sionary may be reached by the printed.

page, at ttmes even the enemies of Chris~ ~eing the dis~ributing agents.

ThIS IS true espeCIally in Moham- medan lands and among Arabic- speaking Moslems. They are pecu- liarly a literary people, and have great respect for learning and litera- ture. !he sacred language of the Koran IS revered, and is spoken or read by educated Moslems the world ~ 17here is an A~erica.n Committee of the Nile over. There is, therefore a wonder- MlsslOn Press, whIch Includes Dr. Robert E. pro Soeer, Dr. James L. Barton, Dr. Charles R. ful opportunity to reach' these "un- Wats~n, Frank Mason North, and others. Contnb1lt!on~ for the building and equipment, for reachabIes" through Christian litera- new pubhcatIons, for colporteurs or for the_ Ken· ture, printed in the Arabic language eral fund may Ile sent to Mrs. James M. Mont· gomer~. secrf;ta!"y of the New York Committee of and style. The pages sent out from the NIl!, M'SSIon Press, P. O. Box 888, New York CIty. Make checks payable to Mrs. E. E. the Nile Mission Press, at Cairo, find Olcott, treasurer.

do not distinguish between ordained tical interpretation of the prophecies and unordained men. The returns uttered by Jesus and His apostles than do not indicate organized churches, they are with efforts to form a sysand some do not separate stations and tem of theology. They are also inout-stations. There are no figures fluenced by their appreciation of the for adherents who are not church- tremendous task before the Church members, but our tables count cate- in winning the world to Christ at chumens in this class. Sunday-school the present rate of progress. The statistics are very imperfect, and the forces of evil are so many and so same is true of medical returns. The strong and insistent, and the forces result of this effort to present tabu- for God are so scattered, and often so lated returns is to convince us more half-hearted, that it seems impossible than ever of the need for some agree- to do more than gather out a Church ment among continental societies. from the world unless Christ Himself returns in power to direct His forces Many things, may, however, be and assure His followers of conquest. learned from a study of these statistics. The largest society is· the It is for these, among other reasons, Moravian, and the next are the that the missionary forces at home Rhenish and Berlin Societies. The and abroad are interested in the re- Norwegian Society has about the cent "International Prophetic Consame income as these last two. All ference," held at the Moody Church European missions together receive in the city of Chicago. Over 2,500 a little over one:fourth the income people attended the meetings. It was reported by America and one-third a union conference with representathat of British societies. There is, tives of many different branches of however, an increase of about $100,- the Church of Christ, from twenty- 000 over last year's report. The nine different states and nine provproportion of foreign missionaries inces of North America. supported is about the same as that sent from Great Britain, but much The convention brought the progreater than from America. The found conviction that it is the duty of same is true in respect to native every man and woman who believes workers. In other words, American in the second coming of Christ to societies pay higher salaries and proclaim it. Every speaker who spend more in proportion to the touched the question was outspoken workers employed than do continental in his convictions of the necessity of societies. These last also report a standing for this truth. larger ratio of converts added last year to the missionaries employed and the The addresses delivered will be obmoney spent than either by Great tainable in the book that is to be Britain or America. Evidently Eng- printed. The Holy Spirit of God lish-speaking missionaries have some- still shows the same powerful workthing to learn in economy and ing in the hearts of men as of old, efficiency from their continental and there are still many whole-hearted brethren. and true witnesses to the truth. Many there are who believe in the MISSIONS AND THE SECOND infallibility of God's Word, and who loyally testify to faith in the Divine COMING Christ, the Redeemer of mankind, MISSIONARIES and evangelists the only Hope of the world. are generally convinced that the The belief, as declared by Paul and Bible teaches the "pre-millenial second coming of Jesus Christ." This Peter, that our Lord may soon relurn is due, in part, to the fact that they to establish His Kingdom, is a powerare more concerned with the prac- ful stimulus to faithful service, and opens a new door of hope for the salvation of the world.

WORLD·WIDE

MISSIONARY NEWS SIAM, TIBET, AND MALAYSIA son, you would have a different opinion. You would also find no A Siamese Parish mean rivals in a Siamese football team, if you would play their game. REV. J. A. EAKIN, missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the "An interesting feature of the United States, writes: "My parish school work is our bi-weekly literary covers four provinces-Petchaburi, society. Few schools here have any- Shumpon, Pranburi, and Lang- thing of the kind, and it gives a suan. It is about as large as training that they very much ne~d. the State of Connecticut. In this Oratory is a new and rare thmg territory I have toured in all but among the Siamese, tho they are the province of Langsuan, where I naturally easy speakers. expect to go this year, after the close of the rainy season. In this parish, "Just now we are making a venture my touring work has developed 46 also in the line of school journalism. groups of profest believers, number- In June we issued the first number of ing to date 613 souls. Most of these The College News." have made their formal avowal of faith in Christ, and acceptance of Work for Lepers in Siam Him as their personal Savior and Lord, in the presence of their neigh- I T is a very unusual event to have bors, pledging themselves to forsake two Presbyterian churches, each their old faith, and try to live the with 100 members, organized and Christian life. Others have been en- near each other, on the same day in rolled by Siamese evangelists as col- one city. This is what occurred one porteurs, with much previous instruc- day last June in Chiengmai, Siam. tions. I mean to prepare two sep- The explanation is that one of these arate lists as soon as I have suffi- churches is composed wholly of cient information. You will under- lepers, at the newly opened asylum stand that I am the only missionary on the leper island. These unforresponsible for the training of these tunates had come to find a home and groups, tho I am ably assisted by physical comforts, and have also my wife, who often tours with me." found there the most precious of all things, a refuge in Jesus the Savior College Students in Siam of all men.

REV. w. G. McCLURE, Bangkok In this leper church of 101 adult~ Christian College, writes: and 4 untainted children of leper "In the schoolroom every boy is parents, 26 adults and 2 children carrying on his studies in two lan- were baptized on the day of the guages, and having nearly everything organization of the church. Surely, in English in the higher grades. all who have helped the Mission to Their eagerness for an education is Lepers to establish and maintain the astonishing. leper asylum have great reason to rejoice that God has so abundantly "I want to disabuse the minds of blest their gifts not only in giving any who may think of the oriental comfort to the outcast but also in boy as lazy and uninterested in the bringing him into the household of active sports that interest home boys. our Father. I f you could see the activity displayed here during the football sea- During the past five years 139 lepers in all have been received, and on the opening day there were an

even 100 in the asylum. The cost but I could get no hearing. The very for the keep of one leper is about fact of printing pictures of these $27 (gold). The funds for main- deities seemed to them conclusive tenance are contributed principally evidence against the missionary's by "The Mission to Lepers in India teaching of the one invisible God. I and the East," and the missionaries wish Christians would protest against are supported by the American Pres- what is leading the people astray, nor byterian Church (North). The rest till the mischievous custom is Siamese Government and friends of abolished." the work in Chiengmai have also given valuable support. INDIA The Need. of a Great City Hindu Alarm at the Maas Movements T HE city of Singapore, the chief I T. is evident that the leaders of seaport of southeastern Asia and Hinduism are alarmed over the the second port in importance in all great movements among the lower the Far East, has Methodist congre- classes toward Christianity. Indiffergations of English people, Malays, ence has been replaced by anxiety Tamils, Fuchau Chinese and Hakka and counter efforts. Recently the Chinese. But the accommodations Mission to the Deprest Classes, a for the Tamil and Chinese work are non-Christian organization, had a a discredit to Methodism. The up- meeting in Karachi in which there per room of a schoolhouse is used as a Tamil church in a city where were representatives from all parts there are 35,000 of that race. There of the country. The chairman reare said to be 150,000 Chinese in ferred to the matter as a "question the city, but the Methodist Church of national importance-not a quescomprises a space of fifteen feet tion of charity or good-will, but of square. Better facilities for minister- national self-preservation." Calling ing to the religious needs of these upon his fellowmen to join in the peoples can not be provided without work of elevating the deprest classes, financial help from America. he said: Tibetan Notions of European Idolatry "Whoever engages in it elevates his own soul and works for his salva- O NE of the Moravian missionaries tion." This represents a shrewd on the borders of Chinese Tibet effort to give the work a religious protests against a custom of EUropean sanction. He pleaded for "free assomerchants which is bearing evil fruit ciation (i.e., of the higher classes) in an unexpected quarter. He says: with the deprest classes." From all "Many merchants ornament their parts of the land missionaries can packages of wares designed for India send incidents illustrating the new with colored pictures of Indian effort on the part of advanced Hindus deities. These may be considered in to ameliorate the social condition of the light of mere trademarks, but the lower classes with a view to savwhen the goods are brought into ing them to the general body of Tibet, the inhabitants look upon these those who are called Hindus. Active pictures as idols, and they are often opposition to Christianity, which is put with the sacred things in Bud- doing such remarkable work for dhist monasteries. I have seen them these classes, is the order of the day. placed in the houses of the people This opposition is becoming more with the household gods; and I have organized, and if Christianity realizes been most confidently assured at what this means, she will lose no different times and places that the time in more thoroughly organizing Europeans worship these gods. Of and pushing this kind of work in this course, I have endeavored to explain, day of great opportunity.-BRENToN T. BADLEY, in Men and Missions.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

What Christiana Suffer in India become that its influence has spread AN American missionary has been to other cities of India, where similar calling special attention to the clubs have been started. It is transmalignity with which Christian con- forming social life in Lahore. It has verts are treated by heathen neigh- already changed many conditions, bors in India. Among other ex- opened many doors of opportunity, periences, he describes native Chris- and stimulated education; and it has tians appealing to him: "'Please help proved how strong is the bond beus to get water.' It was three o'clock, tween all women, Eastern and Westand the heat was terrible. Yet these ern alike.

people, right in sight of fresh water, One Man Wins Hundreds were refused it, and could get it only T HE people of the deprest classes from a filthy tank. Christians are in Central India, among whom often barred from pasturing their such remarkable mass movements goats in the common pasture-ground, toward Christianity have taken place, so that they have been obliged to sell live by themselves in villages, with their stock for an inconsiderable sum. some specially forceful personality When asked if they retaliated, they as their "chaudhari," or head man. replied: 'No. Christ teaches us to Last year one of these chaudhari, endure.' " who had been helping the Christ- A Woman's Club in Lahore ward movement in his own and other As long ago as 1902 "purdah nearby villages, was so bitterly per- parties" were held in Lahore. secuted that he felt it necessary to These are social gatherings partici- leave his house, built with the savpated in by Mohammedan ladies, who ings of years, and flee with his family live behind the purdah (the Urdu to a distant village. Some time afterword for "curtain"), as well as by ward, the missionary, Rev. S. Wilthose of other faiths. These pre- son, of the American Methodist Mispared the way for a more formal sion, learned that there were a mulorganization, the Purdah Club, which titude in the new village to which has accomplished much in bringing. this man had gone, and in surroundtogether high-caste Hindu, Moslem, ing villages, who were asking for, Parsee, and Christian women. Christian teaching and baptism. A worker was sent to inquire, and re- This Purdah club was founded in turned with a petition from more 1906, and its life has been one of than 600 village people asking Mr. steady progress. Every element of ''''ilson for a Christian teacher to ineligible society is represented on its struct them for effective Christian executive committee, which includes life. four Mohammedan, four Parsee, four Indian Christian, and four A "Twice-Born" Brahmin Priest A vVestern women. From the outset, YOUNG Brahmin, Jaiwant, had been a priest for five years in the club has been distinctly social in character. Its meetings are held each the largest temple of Brindaban.

month in some member's garden, During a heathen festival, or "mela,"

which is made to conform to the in that city, a few months ago, he strictest rules of purdah by the use overheard the priests planning to of a high, portable canvas wall en- drive all Christian preachers out of closure which no man's eye has ever the "mela," and to throw dust over pierced. Here the ladies of Lahore the district superintendent. He saw mingle freely in social intercourse. the dust thrown, but much to his Games, music, lectures or talks on .surprize noted also that the Chris- practical topics supplement chat and tians could not be driven out.

refreshments. Jaiwant remained to hear the Gospel So popular has this unique club songs, and the spirit of Christ en-

tered his heart. He spent that whole established state religion, but the night reading John's Gospel, and President is authorized to worship early next morning left the temple at the Temple of Heaven in behalf and the worship of Krishna. of the people.

He found Miss Bonnerjee, who Two things seem to have de- prayed with him and taught him termined the council of state to more about Christianity. A few days agree to the President's bill. The later, while the missionaries were first, the alarming symptoms of holding a conference in Brindaban, moral decline notable throughout Jaiwant came to them, took off his the country for the last two years, sacred thread, and asked to have his due to the discarding of ancient rites sacred lock cut off. Miss Bonnerj ee and customs, no substitute with cut it very slowly, that he might have moral and religious uplift in it ap- a last chance to change his mind. pearing to take their place; and, sec- But he sat motionless until the very ond, the statement from the chair- last hair had been cut. Then he was man of the council that the cere- free! He came into the Muttra monial proposed was to be regarded training school, and it seemed as if as purely political.-The Christian he had entered at once into the sort Advocate.

of Christian experience that others Christian Education for Shanghai take years to acquire. His testimony, WEALTHY Chinese of Shang- A given before Hindus and Mohamme- hai, Mr. Chi Chen Nieh, has dans, is clear and definite. just made a generous gift of land to CHINA be used as the site for a boys' school.

Confucianism and the Republic There are already two public schools for the native youths of this city, I N the situation in China to-day under control of the Municipal Coun- the most significant thing is not cil. This gift is especially significant that the President and his council because moral teaching is made a adopted the bill prescribing a relig- primary condition. To quote Mr.

ious ceremonial for the head of the Chi's own words: "I desire that nation, but that his identification with •mind, body, and spirit shall receive such a religious ceremonial should education. Not only should pupils occasion any discussion in Chinese study Chinese and Western litera- circles. Until the establishment of ture to develop the mind, and play the republic, Confucianism was the games to develop the body, but they state religion of China, the emperor should also have moral instruction.

himself being the head of the faith, The morality taught in the Christian and its services and maintenance a religion is considered the highest charge upon the public revenues. form of ethics and I desire that the The fact that the present action has pupils may have an opportunity to been deemed necessary is but another obtain a knowledge of this subject way of saying that a great change and of Biblical literature, together has taken place in the status of Con- with the principles and literature of fucianism in China, and it is not the Confucian philosophy. I am greatly historic form of Con fucianism as it imprest with the lack of all moral prevailed previous to the republic training in the education of Chinese which is embodied in the present bill, youths. This training can not be but a modified and somewhat de- supplied by the parents, as they natured form of it. The deifying of themselves have never received it. I dead emperors is discontinued, and would urge that manual and indus- this is a fact which will influence the trial instruction be made a part of Chinese view of dead ancestors. the school curriculum. This city is Confucianism is not, in reality, the fast becoming an industrial center of

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

the first order, and the boys in our trine has done much to help the schools should be prepared to meet Chinese people to a better life and all demands upon them." greater liberty. China is a republic now. She owes much of her powers T~e Y. M. C. A. in Shanghai and freedom to Christian teaching. Therefore, Christianity should. be A GIFT of £10,000, by a friend in gladly heard, greatly honored, and Cleveland, Ohio, makes possible highly protected. This is the great a great extension of Y. M. C. A. fishing season. Men are numerous. work in Shanghai. A fine building They come from all parts. Among of five floors will be erected for the them may be some foolish persons use of 2,000 boys. The present build- who do not observe our customs. ing is taxed to its utmost limits. There may even be some who would be impolite enough to try to disturb China's President these meetings. If there should be any such they will be arrested and AFTER a personal acquaintance of severely punished. You, the local 25 years, a Methodist mission- officers and gentry, are earnestly reary from Peking says: "I believe quested to attend these meetings in that Yuan dissolved the Chinese order to report any misconduct." Assembly and the District Councils simply as an initial step toward the On landing Mr. Hylbert was indefeat of the rebels. I think that vited to a feast at the house of a he has no desire whatsoever to re- mandarin where he met all the manestablish the dynasty. His motives darins of the islands, including the appear to have b,een grossly misin- chief official.-Record of Christian terpreted in America. Thoroughly Work. understanding the temper of the Chinese people, without doubt he is JAPAN-KOREA well qualified to minister to their best interests." Changes in 40 Years Rev. A. Somerby, of the English "L OOKING backward for the past Baptist mission in Shansi, has been 40 years I am deeply grateful appointed tutor to the sons of Yuan to God for the miraculous changes Shih Kai. Mr. Somerby will still be that have come over this country, free to serve the missionary cause to and I am looking forward with rea considerable extent in a literary newed hopes to seeing still greater capaCity. Yuan's three sons are at things being accomplished in the present at a college in Cheltenham, cause of Christianity in Japan." England, and a portrait in one of the This is the keynote of an interesting papers showed them wearing mortar- address which Bishop Harris of the boards! Methodist Church recently delivered ill eloquent Japanese in the Tokio TOfficial Support for Missionary Work Union Church. "Forty or fifty years K. SHU, an official of the ago," he said, "the hearts of the . Chusan Islands off the coast of Japanese were closed to Christianity. China, ordered posted the following Those who came to church were not proclamation on the advent of an seeking the salvation of their souls, American missionary: but were deeply concerned in the sal- vation of Japan from what they "Mr. Hylbert, an AmeriCan mis- feared were the evil influences of the sionary, together with all the Chris- Christain religion. They studied the tians in Dae San, wishes to hold spe- Gospel in order that they might decial Christian services in Tong So vise some means of checking its Koh during the month of May. spread in this country. However, Christianity teaches men about Jesus during the past 40 years all this has Christ and leads all men to worship changed, and now all doors are open the only true God. This new doc-

to Christian propaganda. Every history. The owner was found to Japanese, from Emperor down to a be a Chinese Christian architect, who humble country villager, respects not only reduced the price consider- Christianity, which has not only come ably, but undertook the work of to stay but has become a great force altering the buildings, and he did his in this land. The Japanese con- work so admirably that, when it was .stitution makes no discrimination done, we could not believe our eyes. against Christianity, which is given In the place of the Chinese theater, the same freedom as other religions. the filthiest, the dirtiest den of all Christian workers are free to travel immoral pleasures, there stood a fine everywhere and spread the Gospel. house of God. It turned out to be The Japanese Christians are now one far better than we had ever identified with the world's Christian- dreamed to have. It was of brick, ity. During the coming year, a num- whereas we had intended to have one ber of great world's Christian con- built of wood. The meeting-room ferences will be held in Japan." was large enough to seat 700 per- sons. Another building in the com- Japanese Prayer for a Church in Korea pound, also of brick, was fixt, and it made a fine residence for our JAPANESE Christians, under the pastor. This was what we never leadership of Judge N. Watanabe, had expected to have. God proved the leading Japanese jurist in Korea, Himself kinder than we hoped for." and an elder of the Presbyterian Church, have erected and nearly paid Wanted: A Spiritual Commodore Perry for a new Japanese Christian church at Seoul. A JAPANESE statesman, Mr. I. Tagawa, Vice-Mayor of Tokyo Judge Watanabe, to whose posi- and an elder in the Presbyterian tion of influence in the Japanese Church, made a remarkable address community in Korea reference has in Japanese at a meeting of the previously been made, writes in Presbyterian Foreign Board in New touchingly simple fashion in the York not long ago. From the trans- Assembly Herald of the answered lation we quote: prayer for this building in Seoul: "The congregation had been praying "Japanese can not understand how for a new church for years, and I can be a politician and a Christian when the new pastor came, he said: at the same time. Japanese coming 'We must have our church, and we to the United States return to Japan can have it if we pray earnestly for having the impression that the United it and do our best.' It was re- States is not 'Christian in the real ported to us that there was land sense; that there is some real Chriswith two brick buildings on sale. tianity, together with a very mu.ch The buildings were filthy, being used larger admixture of materialism. as a Chinese theater for years, but Japan is still longing for something one of the elders, who was an archi- higher and better. This is the prestect, said they were strongly built ent tendency. You knocked and and could be repaired. knocked for many years at the doors of Japan; at last, when Commodore "Earnest prayers were offered. Ap- Perry knocked she opened her doors peals were made among church- and your material life came in. members. The result was wonderful. Japan is grateful to the United Nearly ro,ooo yen ($5,000) was States. This is a picture of the concollected among church-members dition of the Japanese mind toward alone, which were less than 100; not Christianity to-day. Send us a in cash, indeed, but in promises to spiritual Commodore Perry who pay in instalments which are al- shall knock and persistently knock most as good as cash…,-a fact, I until the door of Japan's soul shall believe, unknown in Japan's church

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be opened. This will be ve~y diffi- Religious propaganda among the cult since all education IS now Japanese in Chosen is said to be very divorced from religion. The uni- successful. The Christian Mission versities are all indifferent to re- imong the 'Koreans, through for- ligion. My heartfelt longing for eign missionaries, has also had good Japan is that the spiritual door may results. The entire mission has 273,- be opened."-Assembly Herald. 601 believers and 2,245 churches and chapels. The largest number of ad- Korean Women to the Fore herents has the French-Catholic Mis- sion, viz.~ 122,323; next comes the S PEAKING of a service held in American Presbyterian mission with Seoul for all the Christian 75,673 believers.-Deutche !apanpost. women of the city, one Bible woman said: "Oh, I just sat there so happy! MOSLEM LANDS I thanked first God and then the missionaries; for there was a Korean Moslem Views of Prayer woman presiding like a bishop; Korean women read the Bible; A STRIKING illustration of the Korean women sang; Korean women Mohammedan idea of prayer is played the organ; Korean women given in Der Christliche Orient: prayed; and 'Korean women preached. "Some weeks ago a Moslem brought I thanked God over and over again his sick son from the vilayet of Bitlis that afternoon for the privilege He to :pro Vischer of the German hospital. is giving the womanhood of Korea." The lad had a diseased knee which proved to be attacked by tuberculosis. Japanese Report of Religion in Korea It had already stiffened, and was so bent that the boy could not walk on ACCORDING to the latest official it. The doctor proposed an opera- statistics of the general Govern- tion, so that even if the leg could not ment, the Japanese in Chosen belong ultimately be bent it might be to three religions, respectively: straightened so as to be serviceable Shintoism, Buddhism, and Chris- for walking. The father turned tianity. pale, and said: 'What good will it do the boy if he can not bend or Seven Shinto sects are repre- stretch it? He would then be unable sented: Shinri, Tenri, Shinshu, to pray all his life t It were better Konko, Taisha, Ontake. and Martl- that he die.' yama. The number of the Shintoists is 13,301, and they have 30 "The Moslem patient IS sadly places of worship. Among the sects situated. As soon as he is in bed Tenrikyo is the most aggressive, and he is unable to go through his praytherefore has the largest number ers, for these demand that his face, of adherents. Of the Japanese 82,- hands, and feet be first washed. 987 are Buddhists, and they have 187 Then he must be able to stand, but temples. Among them are seven this is impossible for a man with a sects: Sodo, Rinsai, J ado, Shingon, fractured leg. He must touch the Nichirem, and Shingi-shinglon. The ground with his forehead, bending Shin sect has the most adherents. his knees in a way which many patients are unable to do. The sick The profest Christians among the Moslem, therefore, is shut out from Japanese number 1,801, and they prayer. This is why a pious Mohave 26 churches and chapels. They hammedan father would rather see belong to the Nippon Christian his son dead than incapacitated from Church, the Japanese Methodist that prayer in which many Moslems Church, the Keijo Christ Church, the find their comfort and satisfaction. Seoul Y. M. C. A., the Japanese 'Kumiai Church, and the Japanese "The converted Moslem mollah, branch of the Church of England. Mr. Awetaranian, affirms that he

knows of no prayer among Moslems ago as an assistant, and after taking apart from bodily movements. A a special course in Beirut, now prayer of the heart alone is not stands as apothecary at the side of known to them." the physician. . The number of pre- scriptions filled here can be seen The Hebrew Language in Palestine from the reports of the clinic. Dur- ing 1913, 8,085 prescriptions were AT a recent meeting of the Pales- filled, 5,856 of which were paid for, tine Society, the chief rabbi said and 2,229 given without money. The that "Palestine is a vast Ghetto, the entire income of the drug store Jewish population of w4ich is at amounted to 24,15r.05 Aleppopiaster least ten times what it was one hun- (3,579.26 marks). dred years back. The natives speak Arabic, and in the past few genera- The activity of the physicians is tions there has been an immigration wonderful. Dr: Visher, with two of people all speaking different lan- assistant physicians, performed 1,186 guages: But the Jews of Palestine operations, and that in every field of can neither adopt German nor surgery. No other hospital is within Arabic, they have to adopt their own five days' journey. A remarkable language-Hebrew-with which every case was that of a noble woman of Jew in Palestine has some speaking the Kurds from Hazru, 19 days' acquaintance. One of the leading journey beyond the Tigris. Her medical men in Palestine left with stomach was very much swollen. him copies of speeches made to the Examination brought to light that nursing staff, etc., and which were stomach and liver were well, but all delivered in pure Hebrew. It is that she had gall-stones. It is hardly true there are only 50,000 Hebrew- believable, but no less than 380 gallspeaking Jews in Palestine, but we stones as large as hazelnuts were reshould remember the 42,000 who re- moved. Such cases show how indisturned from Babylon, created a new pensable medical work in these parts Jewish culture, and saved the future of the world is, where only the misof Judaism. Their return proved of sion cares for the sick. infinite significance to all humanity. It is well that we should not despise This old hospital has proved inthe day of small beginnings."-Lon- adequate, and through the influence don Christian. of the German Embassy a firman (a royal permit) was received for the The Hospital at Urfa building of a new hospital, the foun- dation of which has already been laid. A GATEWAY leads to a small paved -DR. JOHANNES LEPSIUS, in Der .l". courtyard. Here, during the Christliche Orient. mQrning, gather the sick, mostly poor people from the towns and villages. AFRICA-NORTH Great and small, men and women, Christians and Mohammedans, Ar- A Christian University for Moslems menians, Syrians, Turks, Arabians, Kurds, and Jews sit here on the A CHRISTIAN university in Cairo pavement or lean. against the wall. was one of Douglas Thornton's Here is no recognition of religious dreams. The same vision has gript differences. Suffering has made all those apostles to Moslems, Dr. S. M. equal. Mohammedans may be sur- Zwemer and Dr. Charles R. Watson. prized that they are not preferred One of the secretaries of the United before the Christians, but according Presbyterian Board writes: to his turn each one is allQwed to enter the examination room. At the "The most effective single instruleft is the drug store, the domain of ment of bringing to .the multitudes Dr. Abraham, who began I7 years gript in Islam's leash the white light of Christ's Gospel would be a Chris- tian university in Cairo.

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"It must be outstandingly,· em- ings for his laborers and prisoneril on phatically, uncompromisingly Chris- Sabbath afternoons. He readily astian, and it must be adapted to the sented. We have had two meetings needs of Islam and the limitations of now, one of over 200 and the other Moslem civilization, but when all this over 300. The people were very is allowed, let it be truly a univer- much afraid when they were called sity. the first time, as they feared lest some one had come to vaccinate "The men are there now to enter them. Our relations with the officer it. There is a vital growing evan- and his assistant have been most gelical Christian community in Egypt pleasant. Yesterday I came back now. They need a Christian univer- from a hundred-mile trip to get sity that they may be equipped to ready for vacation time, when many deliver themselves and to deliver their school boys will be out temporarily neighbors who are Moslems from to do evangelistic work. I stopt over the power of Islam. Sabbath at Moneko, some 24 miles from here, and had an audience of "There are Moslems who are listen- 687." ing to the Gospel as they never have done before. There is no place Heard the Gospel by Ac:cident where their sons can be educated and not be positively driven from all re- A MISSIONARY in the Gaboon ligion. Egypt is recognized by the region writes that several con- Moslems as the educational center of verts, recently made, declared that Islam. There ought to be a Chris- they had first heard the Word far tian university to bring students up in the bush from a man whom from China, from India, and from they had never heard of, and who the isles of the sea, to go back with makes no profession of accepting the life, with Christ. Gospel himself-that wherever he goes he tells others about it. "Let ,eThese four facts given below are him that heareth say come." He final reasons: also tells of a widow woman who had presented a communion service "First-The men are there to fill it. for the use of the church. She "Second-the Christian community earned her living by laundry work, is there to give it backing. and stipulated that her name should "Third-The Moslem mind is open not be made known. When told that to its message. there were a few dollars left over "Fourth-The Moslem world gets of the sum, she said; "Send them to its message from Cairo. the Bible Society, to send Bibles to "To build a Christian university in some other country." Cairo is the greatest single opportunity on earth to-day." SOUTH AFRICA WEST AFRICA Blac:k and White in South Afric:a More Good News from Elat T HE new law, which is designed to separate black and white, will REV. F. W. NEAL writes from not be carried out for the present. A commission is traveling through Efulen: South Africa to study the situation "At the July communion we had and to make proposals as to what over 3,000 people with us, and at districts should be given exclusively the October communion over 5,000. to the whites, and what exclusively After communion here I went to to the blacks. Yet in some localities Endenge and held communion there. the white population has taken upon Six hundred were present. Three itself already to drive natives from entered the church and 31 the first- farms. The resulting hardships year class. Two weeks ago, while conversing with the head officer of this district, I proposed having meet-

caused the German missionaries to con fest his sins, asked for baptism, appeal to the Minister President, and received peace from God Louis Botha, who promised to do all through the grace of Jesus Christ. in his power to alleviate suffering. The witch doctors and native No white man was employed in physicians carne to treat him accordbuilding the new mission house in ing to heathen custom, but he would Riverdale, which has just been fin- not have anything to do with them. ished. All the work was done by He only desired the prayers of the natives, who distinguished themselves missionary and his teaching. His through their great ability and good wish was that he might be buried by behavior, so that the attention of Pastor Twala. His last words to the the whites has been drawn to the Zulu people was, "I have seen God." fact. A special acknowledgment was made to one of the elders by the The effect of this testimony is sure aut h 0 r i tie s.-Berliner Missions- to be felt throughout the whole Zuluberichte. land. The king is dead-he died in the faith of the Lord Jesus Christ, Funeral of a Zulu King and was buried by a pastor. In every Zulu kraal this event is spoken AN event, significant of the chang- of, and we may hope that it will ing times in South Africa, took work to the end that large numbers place on October 25th, at the Nobamba of Zulus will turn from their superkraal, the historic burial-place of stition to the living God.-Berliner Zulu kings. Then Dinuzulu, the last M issionsberichte. of the dynasty founded by Chaka, was gathered to his fathers. He was NORTH AMERICA king only in the hearts of the Zulu people, for all semblance of official A Notable Party of Tourists authority had been taken from him after his trial for sedition in con- "W HAT a person sees in a trip nection with the rebellion of 1906. around the world depends," Since that time he has lived an exile, says the Presbyterian Examiner, "as on a farm provided him by the Gov- much upon the observer as upon the ernment in the Northern Transvaal. observed. People who are indiffer- Ten thousand Zulus gathered to ent to religion and have never given honor the deposed king at his burial, a dollar to Christian missions can many coming so far that they fainted encircle the globe and report miswith hunger during the ceremonies. sions a dead failure. But a different The significance of the event from report will be made by Mrs. John S. a Christian standpoint is that this Kennedy, who started in March to great throng, made up largely of visit the missions in North Africa, heathen Zulus, saw their king buried, Turkey, and Syria, to which she and at his own request, not according to her husband have given large sums ancient custom, but by Christian rites, for years, taking with her her sonand heard the announcement by the in-law, Rev. Dr. A. F. Schauffier, Christian native minister, who con- himself of notable missionary ancesducted the services, that Dinuzulu try. Mr. Kennedy gave by bequest had profest conversion before his $2,000,000 to Robert College on the death. Bosphorus, and to the Bible House at Constantinople $ro,ooo. Mr. Ken- Several months before his death nedy also bequeathed to the Syrian he turned to the Gospel and called Protestant College at Beirut, Syria, the vVelian pastor, Ruben Twala, who $25,000. All around the eastern had often talked to him of the one shore of the Mediterranean are Christhing necessary, to hear more of the tian institutions Mrs. Kennedy and unknown God. Twala instructed her husband have founded, or helped, him with good success. Dinuzulu or both. A repQrt from such authori-

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ties will be something for which to done, and needing to be done, at the be grateful, and that it may be well various ports of entry on both the made we are sure, since Dr. and Atlantic and Pacific coasts. This Mrs. A. Woodruff Halsey of the feature of our service has had com- Board of Missions, as well as Dr. paratively little attention from the and Mrs. ]. H. Jowett of the Fifth national home missionary organiza- Avenue Presbyterian Church go with tions, and as a result, while much has Mrs. Kennedy and Dr. Schauffier as been done in the way of extending guests." friendly aid to the arriving immi- grant, there has not been the co- A Challenge to Baptista ordination of forces, nor the working out of carefully considered plans of A NUMBER of Baptist volunteers effort. Especially is it true that there who were in attendance at the has been little connection between Kansas City Convention felt that the work at the port and the immithere was a wide discrepancy between grant churches scattered over the the number of applicants to the Bap- country. tist Foreign Mission Board and the amount available in its treasury for Dr. Selden will visit the various sending out missionaries, and with immigration stations, spending from a the express purpose of ascertaining week to a month in studying each the exact facts, organized at the con- one, meanwhile having conferences vention for united action. After with the various home mission boards several weeks of investigation this North and South, endeavoring to aid body of volunteers has issued an them in the discharge of this feature open letter to· the denomination, from of their obligations. which we quote the following: The Council of Women for Home To the Northern Baptists of the United Missions is cooperating in this un- States: dertaking, and will share in further- ing Dr. Selden's work. We Baptist Volunteers-men and women who are now completing post- Clifton Springs Conference graduate courses in preparation for foreign missionary service-wish to put be- FOR 30 years the International fore you a definite proposition, the Missionary Union has met once urgency of which demands immediate every 12 months for a conference of attention. prayer and study of the conditions in mission fields. Missionaries of Two outstandirig facts call for earnest evangelical churches, now on furconsideration: lough or who are under appointment to go, along with all who have served First-More positions are demanding as missionaries and are now commen on the foreign field than there are pelled to remain at home, are invited volunteers ready to fill them. to come to the conference. An ex- cellent opportunity is afforded for Second-More volunteers are ready to becoming acquainted with workers go out than our Board has the money to from all parts of the world and send. learning the methods which are used by different missions. Our faith in the ability and readiness of our denomination to rise to the The theme chosen for the gatheremergency is shown by the fact that we ing this year is "The Gospel of the propose to continue soliciting additional Prince of Peace in a World in Revovolunteers; and we have definitely com- lution." The sessions will begin on mitted ourselves to the campaign of pub- Wednesday, May 13th, and last licity which this statement inaugurates. through the 19th. Free entertain- ment is offerM to all missionaries or Christian Welcome to Immigrants those who have been missionaries.

THE Committee on Immigrant Work of the Home Missions Council has engaged Rev. J. H.

Selden, D.D., for many years pastor at Greenwich, Conn., to act as its representative for the next 12 months in studying the missionary work now

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All inquiries should be addrest to features of the building will be its huge auditorium." Mrs. H. J. Bostwick, Clifton Springs, This new home of the Bible Insti- N. Y. tute will in reality be three separate buildings-a central auditorium por- All Profits for God tion and two 13-story wings. the three sections being joined by corrI- SOMEWHAT over a year ago, dor "webs." From the front, the Mr. H. Z. Duke, a Baptist of Institute will present the appearance Texas, began to give to the cause of of a, single large building. Conreligion the proceeds of his 21 nickel sidered as one structure, it will have stores. He and his wife agreed with a greater floor space than any other their conscience four years ago to building in Los Angeles. turn the earnings of his stores to the use of Christianity when his savings Church Union in Canada should amount to $100,000. He then had $5°,000. Within a year he had T HE Church Union Committee of $75,000; within another year his the Presbyterian Church in savings were little short of $100,000. Canada held a meeting in Toronto, at Over a year ago the sum he named which it was' decided by a vote of 31 was completed, and on the first day to 8 to proceed with the proposed of last year he entered upon his merger of the Presbyterian, the covenant. Every penny earned from Methodist, and the Congregational the candies, the toys, the thousand churches of the Dominion. It was and one things of a nickel store will agreed to ask for an additional be used in Christian work. "These article to the creed on the subj ect stores will support missionaries, they of prayer, and some slight modificawill pay the salaries of ministers, they tions of the plan for settling pastors. will comfort the needy, they will fur- As a preparation for the further disnish the lessons of Christianity to cussion of the subject the committee the untaught." Mr. Duke is 60, and requested the other denominations to has been a member of a Baptist assist in making a general national church for 25 years. Since his young survey of the religious conditions in manhood he has given a tenth of his Canada. It is believed that the reearnings to Christian work. Per- suIts of this survey will show a great haps this incident shows why some over-churching in many communities, people are afraid to begin tithing; and it will not be surprizing if it also it may lead to recognition that all shows great under-churching in many we have we hold as stewards of others. A minority in the Church is God's bounty.-Paciftc Baptist. fighting all plans for this union, amI have threatened a resort to the civil The Los Angeles Bible Institute courts to prevent the union being brought about. T HE progress of the Bible Insti- tute idea in the United States is Canada Home Missions Conference demonstrated by the splendid buildings being erected at Los Angeles for NEARLY 60 delegates, representthe Institute activities in which Dr. ing every Presbytery in Canada, Torrey is, and will be, actively en- met in the Christian Synagog, Togaged. ronto (March 17-20).

The Los Angeles building is a fire- Dr. Andrew S. Grant, the general proof _structu"re which, says a local newspaper, will be, when finished, a superintendent of Home Missions, "the largest and most imposing edifice devoted strictly to religious instruc- showed remarkable grasp of every tion in the world. It will be and bids one of the 1,200 fields under his care. fair to remain one of the structural The 10 district superintendents who and architectural marvels of the reported have saved for the Church Coast. Qne of the most notable no less than $100,000 a year by

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their study of the fields and by their A Great Church in Hawaii accurate and able business methods. C ENTRAL Union Church of Hono- The total expenditure of the past lulu has to-day 1,109 members and is supporting five foreign misyear amounted to $475,000, while the sionaries, three in Micronesia and budget for 1914 is $700,000, and two in Peking. The first American they will ask the Assembly for $800,- missionaries went to Hawaii 90 years 000 for 1915. . Five hundred men ago. were appointed to different stations for summer months or for regular LATIN AMERICA work. Over 30 men are now en- gaged in mission work among for- Revolutionists in Mexico Demand Bible.

eigners alone, and the Home Mission REV. ALDEN B. CASE of Board has decided to endeavor to Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico, work among foreigners in communi- finding his church and school work largely broken up, turned to the ties. revolutionists as a field of missionary In the words of the general super- endeavor. This is his story: intendent, "The final solution of "This is my third day at the Conthe problem, however, is a united stitutionalist camp of some 3,000 Protestant Canadian Church."

soldiers. As they are for an in- A Christian Ambassador from Japan definite period in camp, hundreds of REV. SIDNEY L. GULICK is . Indians, as well as other soldiers, now speaking in leading cities of have their families with them. The America in the interests of a better population of the camp is about understanding between America and 6,000; all except a few officers live Japan, that shall ward off all possi- in picturesque structures of poles bility of warfare and unite the two and brush. I brought what seemed nations more strongly than ever be- to be an abundant supply of Scripfore in the pursuit of worthy corn- tures and other literature for the three days of my visit, but by noon mon aims. Dr. Gulick speaks, not Y'esterday everything was gone. The simply out of a personal experience general in command, to whom I exin Japan of over a quarter of a cen- plained my mission on arrival, very tury, but in a sense as the representa- cordially gave me the freedom of tive of the Christian sentiment of the the camp. Another officer, a Chris- country, both that of foreign mis- tian, took me to his quarters, where sionaries laboring there and of the I am staying. Of the 150 copies of native churches. He came to this New Testaments and Gospels sold, country on a furlough less than a the larger part was taken by the year ago, when excitement was in- Indians, who showed great interest tense in California, and, since his ar- in the selections read to them. A rival, in one way and another has surprizing number of these Mayos sought to allay the heat of contro- are able to read the Spanish, tho versy and to induce, not only Cali- poorly. I plan to come back here fornians, but Americans as a whole, soon, and to visit as many other ento understand the issues at stake, to campments as I can, for I have realize the strength and the justice never seen so great an opportunity of the feeling in the Orient which for sowing the seed of the Kingdom."

protests against discrimination in the A New Day in South America A treatment of immigrants, as well as NEW day has come to Brazil, Argentina and Chile, the three to put forward the Christian method of solving, not only the perplexing foremost countries of South Amer- Japanese problem, but of averting ica, and it is a day of new life for the dreaded Yellow Peril. our mission and missionary enter-

prises. The millions already in these her missionaries are full of encour- riCh and productive lands are every agement, especially from Russia and month added to by thousands of im- Germany.

migrants from Europe and Asia. One of her missionaries, Rev. N.

Towns and large cities are fast build- Kameras, of Vienna, reports that in ing up. Buenos Ayres to-day has the year 1913 he alone baptized, in 1,{00,000 souls, and Rio Janeiro Vienna, 42 Jewish converts.

1,000,000, while Montevideo has The general secretary, Rev. Isaac 300,000, Sao Paulo 400,000, Bahia Levinson, seems to possess the true 300,000, and Rosario 300,000. Edu- vision, and under his able leadership cation is becoming more widespread, all his missionary brethren are work- large Government institutions are ing- in wonderful harmony, and it is being built up and fostered for gen- no wonder that God is blessing them.

eral as well as technical and pro- fessional instruction. The Evan- Barbican Mission to the Jews gelical denominations at work 1ll T South America are beginning to HE Barbican Mission to the Jews, London, England, recently celebuild up first-class schools and col- leges in the countries occupied, and brated its twenty-fourth anniversary, these schools are patronized by the _ when the venerable president, Pre- best classes of Brazilians, Argentines, bendary H. W. Webb-Peploe, M.A., and ChiIians. In Brazil, the Baptists announced that he alone had had the have four educational cen.ters, where great joy of baptizing, in connection they are laying the foundations for with this mission, 94 Jewish con- great institutions of learning- verts.

Christian and evangelical in the real It is indeed wonderful what God sense-for the future. All of these hath wrought in this mission under schools are well patronized by some the able and energetic leadership of of the very best Brazilian families, Rev. T. C. Lipshytz. Fifteen years and in them the principles of evan- ago the work was carried on in an gelical Christianity are openly and unprepossessing hired house-now positively inculcated every day. they occupy their own building, free EUROPE-GREAT BRITAIN of debt, and it is perhaps one of the best equipped mission houses in the From Debt to Surplus London ghetto thoroughfare, White- chapel Road. Its chapel is the finest T HE Church Missionary Society we know of in England. N ext to had, a few months ago, a debt of the chapel is an open space, with $350,000, the accumulation of several an -open-air pUlpit, where aggressive years' deficits. A special meeting work is carried on during the St1l11was held for prayer and conference, mer months. There is a free medical at which individual gifts for lifting dispensary in connection with the the' debt were received amounting to mission house. Besides, there is a $500,000. After liquidating its debt home for enquirers in one of the the society plans to devote the greater suburbs of London, where intelligent, part of the $r 50,000 surplus to en- earnest young men have the opporlarging and strengthening its work tunity of getting acquainted with in China. the knowledge of Christ Jesus. There The London Jews' Society is also a home for women and chil- T HE British Society for the Propa- dren. gation of the Gospel Among the Besides tJle' reg:llar aggr~ss!ve Jews continues to carryon her ag- work carried on 111 the mIsSIon gressive work among the Jews in house, there is also itinerant work England, Russia, Germany, and some carried on at home and abroad, and parts of Turkey, and the reports of untold good has resulted, and many

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

in Israel have found Him of whom shall be maintained as a memorial to A/loses and the prophets spake. her father, the late Cornelius Baker.

THE CONTINENT A bronze tablet put up on its walls commemorates the names of Mr.

A The Story of a French Tract Baker and of his daughter, the YOUNG Frenchman, who had donor. been wounded at the siege of Saint Quentin, was languishing on a A New Methodist College pallet in the hospital, when a tract A CABLE from Rome, received at the Methodist headquarters, New that lay on the coverlet caught his 'r' ork, states that Dr. Bertrand M. eye. He read it and was converted Tipple had that day purchased land by it. The monument of that man for a new college. Acting as agent mav be seen before' the Church of of the Methodist Board, Doctor the" Consistory in Paris, standing Tipple secured six acres at the south- with a Bible in his hand. He is ern end of Monte Mario, one of the known in history as Admiral Col- most beautiful locations near the city. igny, the leader of the Reformation ~Upon this site is to be erected a in France. But the tract had not college for boys and young men. yet finished its work. It was read Altho primarily for secular education, by Coligny's nurse, a sister of ~ercy, the religious motive wiII not be lackwho penitently placed it in the hands ing. No religious discrimination, of the Lady Abbess, and she, too, however, is to be allowed. The was converted by it. She fled from purchase price of the land approx- France to the Palatinate, where she imates $5°,000. In addition to this met a young Hollander and became sum the Board expects to raise his wife. The influence which she $100,000 for the college buildings. had upon that man reacted upon the This college will complete the educa- whole continent of Europe-for he tional system of the Methodist Epis- was William of Orange, who be-' copal Church in Rome, which in- came the champion of liberty and, cludes Reeder Theological Seminary Protestantism in the Netherlands. and Crandon Hall for Girls, the latter TNew Waldensian Church at Rome under control of the Woman's For- HE large and costly church which eign Missionary Society. Mrs. John S. Kennedy of New The Protestants of Greece M York built to give the Valdensians ANY years ago the American Board began its missionary work a substantial and permanent footing in the city of Rome, was dedicated on in Greece, but the opposition of the Sunday, February 8th, with a very Orthodox Church led to the aban- solemn service of praise and joy. donment of the work, and in 1886 Entering into this splendid building the Southern Presbyterian Church in the capital city of their united also withdrew. The foundations of nation was an event of such tremen- a native evangelical church had been dous significance and cheer to the laid, and its growth has been chiefly Valdensian Church that the pastors due to one wise, consecrated man, Dr.

and strong laymen of the fellowship Kalopothakes, who has well been came from all over Italy to attend called "the modern apostle of the the services, making the dedication Gospel in Greece." His death was day a literal jubilee of victory for a very real grief to all classes of his the Waldensian people. The Ameri- countrymen, and a crushing blow to can ambassador at Rome, Thomas the Protestant believers throughout Nelson Page, and several other dip- Greece.

lomats, also honored the occasion The little bands of evangelical with their presence. Mrs. Ken- Christians are bravely striving to nedy hC1,s directed thC1,t the church press forwanl. But, weakened still

further. both in personnel and in had smilingly put aside her persuasive resources, by the recent war, they pleadings. A business man, he said, have greater demands made upon had no business with foreign missions.

them and larger opportunities opened Besides, he did already subscribe to from the same source. foreign missions-5s. a year-as he ~Ir. Demetrius Kalopothakes writes laughingly admitted, not because he of this: "The large increase of terri- believed in missions, but because that tory, which must in any case fall to small subscription made it possible for the share of Greece, will bring under him to refuse to discuss missions with Greek rule hundreds of thousands of people who thought he ought to give ~1 ussulmans, whose faith in Islam more.

must be rudely shaken by the col- The lady was intensely interested in lapse of the Ottoman power. A the intricate processes of manufac- large section of these M ussulman~ ture, and the manufacturer exultant will doubtless embrace Christialllty, that he had something worth seeing to and evangelical Christianity stands show.

much nearer to their ideas than do '.'Where does your raw material the externals, rites, pictures, etc., with come from?" asked the lady.

which the Greek Orthodox Church "All from China," answered the has overlaid the Christian religion, manufacturer.

and which are in reality abhorrent to "And where do you export your the }Hohammedan mind."-Record oj products to?"

Christian TVork. "Mainly to West Africa. The ne- Missionary Preparation in Vacation groes are my best customers; they buy these cheap silk handkerchiefs by the THE Board of Study for Prepara- thousand." tion of Missionaries, which conducted successful vacation courses "And you, who buy in pagan China and sell in heathen Africa, think you in the summers of 1912 and 1913, • have no business with foreign misnow offers a vacation course for sions." missionary preparation, to be held at Oxford from the first to the twenty- An International Committee on Opium A ninth of August, 1914. It will in- T the conclusion of the Interna- tional Opium Conference at The clude lectures and discussion classes on missionary history and methods, Hague, an account of which appeared the religions of the mission field, in the November REVIEW, it was dephonetics as a basis of language cided to form an unofficial internastudy, outline of educational methods tional opium committee, and related for missionaries, together with op- national committees, to promote the portunities for personal intercourse opium treaty and secure meantime naand public lectures on subjects of tional opium reforms by national acgeneral missionary interest, and will tion. The efforts of this committee be open to both men and women. have met with decided success; one of MISCELLANEOUS the most encouraging features being A Business Man's View of Missions the enlistment of the great German Colonial Society, which by its fight AN English manufacturer in the against slavery earned the name of Midlands was showing a lady "the colonial conscience." In view of over his factory of which he had rea- the diplomatic delays which must in- son to be proud. The building was evitably attend the completion of the substantial, the machinery up to date, treaty, the most important work is to and the output of manufactured goods get every nation to abolish as much of was growing greater year by year. the opium evil as is within its own The lady had called to plead for his control. And the first duty of all is interest in foreign missions, but he for so-called Christian Powers who

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

'T have "concessions" in China to do Rev. Frank H. Chalfant of China away with the opium dens in the for- HE missionary cause has sus- eign settlements. . tained a heavy loss in the death A Jewish Statistics at Pit~sburgh, Pa., January 14th, of CCORDING to ,the Je'lvis/z Rev. I'rank Herring Chalfant, D.D.; Chronicle, Rev. Isidore Harris, for over 25 years a missionary ill in the forthcoming issue of the China. Mr. Chalfant was born in Jewish Year-Book, states that the Mechanicsburg, Pa., May 29, 1862, number of Jews in the world now the son of the Rev. George W. Chalexceeds 13,000,000; to be exact, fant, D.D. He was graduated from 13,052,846, made up as follows: Lafayette College in 1881, from Europe, 9,950,175; Asia, 484,359; Africa, 404,836; America, 2,194,061; W.estern Theological Seminary in Australasia, 19,415. The latest statistics concerning 1887. He had consecrated his life missions to the Jews show that there to foreign missionary service, and are 253 stations and outstations in • was appointed by the Presbyterian operation, employing the time of Board to the West Shantung mis- sion, China. September 29th of the same year he was married to Miss 939 missionaries and their wives, and Jennie A. Martin, and together they operated at a cost of $738,000, Six sailed for their field, October 20th.

hundred and sixty-four of these mis- In China, Dr. Chalfant threw himsionaries are working in Great self into the work with untiring zeal llritain and 147 in the United States. and devotion. His specific work was Comparatively little is being done in evangelistic, and for a quarter of a century he was an indefatigable other countries. itinerator in the populous province OBITUARY NOTES of Shantung, bringing the Gospel Dr. Henry V. Noyes of China message to scores of cities and vil- HE death of Rev. Henry Varnum la~e~, shepherding young churches, T Noyes, D.D., of Canton, on Jan- gUldmg and counseltng Chinese pas- uary 21st, removes a missionary of to~s and helpers, and in every way exceptional ability and long service. d01l1g the work of an evangelist.

Dr. Noyes would have been 78 years Dr. E. E. Strong of Boston old in April, and had lived in Canton since 1866, He was born in Seville, THE Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, for Ohio, and educated at Western Reserve College and Western Theolog- 25 years editor of The Missionical Seminary. On the island of Fati, in Canton, he built up, with the ary Herald, died on April 2d, at Boshelp of the Presbyterian Foreign J~oard and friends at home, a groUlJ ton, in his eighty-second year. He of institutions including an elementary school, a high school, a normal was born at Hardwick, Vt., and was graduated in r855 from Andover Theological Seminary. He was or- dained a Congregationalist minister In r859. .

A school, a Bible training school, and a Dr. James S. Dennis of New York theological seminary. Latterly he de- CHRISTIAN scholar and a -voted his attention exclusively to the master in missionary literature, theological seminary, of which he was Rev. James S. Dennis, D.D., passed president at the time of his death. away at his home in Montclair, in He did a large amount of literary 1Iarch. His volumes, "Chrishan Mis- work, participating in a great deal of sions. and Social Progress," are Bible translation. A widow and one claSSICS, and his other works and son, Rev. William D. Noyes, survive lectures have had much to do with him. The son is principal of the shaping missionary thought and boys' academy which his father policy. A fuller notice of DI:'

founded. Dennis' life will appear later. AND MISSION LANDS TNI'ESTMENT AND ACHIEVEMENT. A Study photographs are numerous, but many in Christian Progress, By Wm. Leslie arc too small. There is an index, but no tabulated statement of missionary Kin~, D.D. 8vo., 349 pp. $1.50, net. work. Mr. Briggs shows that the Jennmgs & Graham, Cincinnati, Ohio, Filipinos are practically enjoying self- government to-day, and that they 1913. should not be pushed too fast toward complete autonomy. The view of Few Christians stop to think of Roman Catholicism is 110t very flatterthe value of the investment made in ing to that ancient church and the the name of Christianity throughout 1110ral conditions are disastrous to the world, or of the immense value character and progress. The need of the proceeds of such investments. for evangelical missions is clear and Such a study is found in the strik- the opportunity before American ing volume by Dr. King, a Methodist Christians is compelling. The story lllissionary in India. of missionary progress is distinctly encouraging. The study of investment in service takes us back to the days of Christ WITH THE TURKS IN THRACE. By EIlish and His apostles, and rehearses Ashmead-Bartlett. Illustrated, 8vo., briefly the story of labor expended in 33S pp. $3.00, net. George H. Doran winning Europe and America and the Co., New York, 1913. planting of outposts in other lands. Then follows the record of life in- Mr. Ashmead-Bartlett, a corr(:- vestment by martyrs and other per- spondent of the London Daily Telesecuted Christians; the material in- [Jraph, was with the Turkish army in vestments in money, buildings, and Thrace during the retreat from equipment-surely a great item-and Adrianople to Chatalja. The account, flnally, the investment in prayer–an therefore, has a Turkish flavor. inspiring chapter. Since the volume was written Ad- rianople has been recaptured and The second part of the volume the territorial division completed. deals with "achievement"–in the The bravery of Turks and Bulgarians Church, in pioneer work, in bi- is demonstrated and the picture of products and indirect influences, in the conflict is vivid, if somewhat coldliterature, science, education, and blooded. There is not much light social progress, The problems be- thrown on the question of Turkishfore us are thoughtfully presented Flu Igarian-Greek atrocities or on the with their solution. A careful study future of the country, but the story of this book will stimulate to higher is graphically told and reveals the ideals and more earnest endeavor. horrors of war. From a missionary viewpoint the most valuable sections THE PROGRESSIVE PHILIPPINES. By Charles relate to the decay of Islam, the per- secution of Christians, and the Young W, Briggs. Illustrated, 12mo., 174 pp. Turk movement.

SOc., net. Griffith & Rowland Press ' BRIGHAM YOUNG AND HIS MORMON EM- Philadelphia, 1913. PIRE. By ex-Senator Frank J. Cannon After ten years' experience in the Philippines Mr. Briggs-an American and Geo. L. Knapp. Illustrated, 8vo., Baptist missionary-has given us this 398 pp. $1.50, net. Fleming H. Revell excellent handbook, or mission study Co., 1914. text-book, on the islands. The presentation is simple, clear, and This is an inside view of Mormonorderly. He tells us what we want ism, described by the son of a to know, and illustrates bare state- Mormon apostle. The author has ments with incidents, maps, and photographs. The work of all Protestant missions is fairly presented. The

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

sympathy with the Mormon people, CHILDREN OF LABRADOR By Mary Lane but exposes and denounces their Dwight. Illustrated, 12mo., 91 pp. principles and practises. His book is Is. 6d. (35 cents)_ Oliphant, Anderson not written from a Christian view- & Ferrier, Edinburgh; Fleming H. point, but is a powerful arraignment Revell Co., New York, 1913. and a stirring story of Mormonism. Na clearer -answer could be given to We have here one of the best of the comfortable theory that the or- the Children's Missionary Seriesganization self-styled "Latter-day descriptions and incidents of life and Saints" is a harmless sect. They are adventure in the great bleak land of for the most part thrifty and force- Labrador. Dr. W. T. Grenfell's work ful, but they are a menace to Ameri- for the fisher folk is described, afloat can ideals in politics and in religion. and ashore, as is the Moravian work for Eskimos-more briefly. Children NOT LAWFUL TO UTTER. By Dan Craw- can scarcely read this book without ford, F.R.G.S. 12mo., 176 pp. $1.00. having their sympathies broadened, Geo. H. Doran Co., N ew York, 1914. and becoming interested in miSSIOnary work. These bright, unusual, breezy Bible readings, by the author of "Thinking A HEROIC BISHOPRIC. The Life Story of Black," often throw a flood of light Bishop French. By Eugene Stock. on Scripture passages. They a!re Illustrated, 12mo., 127 pp. 2s. Hodder well worth reading for devotional & Stoughton, New York and London, and homiletic purposes. "So they 1913. took the money" is a strong presentation of the "Devil's Foreign Mis- There is something stirring and sions," as compared to those of Jesus ennobling in this story of one of the Christ. modern missionary heroes of the Church of England. He was a man THE ANTI-ALCOHOLIC M 0 V EM EN T IN of mental and spiritual power, large- EUROPE. By Ernest Gordon. 8vo., 333 hearted and self-sacrificing. He was a pp. $1.50. Fleming H. Revell Co. man worth knowing. After being New York, 1913. graduated from Oxford he went to India in r850, at the age of twenty- Mr. Gordon, the son of the late five. The story of his life in Agra and Lahore is full of noble pioneer A. J. Gordon of Boston, has made a work. He finally went to Arabia, and died of fever in Muscat on May thorough study of alcoholism and the 14, 1891, after being in the land tmly temperance movement on the con- three months. The brief biography tinent of Europe. He reveals some will prove of interest and inspiration distressing facts and describes some to many others of like spirit. important movements. Many governments have been flooded with peti- THE ITALIAN HELPER. By Rev. A. Di tions against licensing the sale of Domenica. 12mo., 143 pp. SOc., net. alcohol and absinthe, and a campaign Griffith & Rowland Press, Philade1of education has been conducted in phia, 1913. many schools and universities. Astounding revelations are made of Many Christians at home who German beer dives and all kinds of would like to do Christian work crime and moral evils attendant on among Italian immigrants will find a the use of intoxicants in Europe. boon in this book of easy conversa- Pastors and temperance workers will tional lessons in their language. Pasfind here much ammunition for their tors and mission workers in districts campaigns and practical plans for re- where Italians are working may in forms and prohibition. Christians this volume have a means of comwill never cease their opposition to munication. The conversations also strong drink until governmental and teach the Gospel with tact and clearpopular sanction to this evil has been ness. Italians themselves might be abolished. interested to study this book, and so improve both morals and religion.

THE GREAT EMBASSY. By Cuthbert a welcome. A girl, left with her McEvoy, M.A. 16mo., 96 pp. Is. brother's penniless orphans to care James Clarke & Co., London, 1913. for, goes to the Ozarks in south- western Missouri and there fights a This brief study of the evidences winning battle. The story of her and the growth of Christianity gives victory is worth reading in recreation scarcely more than a suggestion of the lines of investigation and progress. hours. The author considers the witness of the Old and New Testaments, the NEW BOOKS past results and present needs of missions, and the call to purity and Up AND DOWN THE NORTH PACIl"IC CoAST power in social and personal life. BY CANOE AND MISSION SHIP. By Rev. Many might with profit follow the Thomas Crosby, D.D. Illustrated, 8vo., 403 pp. Missionary Society of lines of study here suggested. the Methodist Church, Toronto, Can- ada, 1914. BENJ;;VOLENT INSTITUTIONS 01" UN IT ED STATES OF AMERICA FOR 1910. 4to. HEROES OF THE FAITH IN MODERN ITALY. Bureau of the Census, Washington, Pen Sketches from Real Life taken D. C., 1913. from Original Sources of Information. By J. S. Anderson. Illustrated, 12mo., A valuable census report of benevo- 115 pp. 2s. 6d. Pickering & Inglis, Glasgow, 1914. lent institutions in the United States. AMONG THE AN-Ko-ME-NuMS, OR FLATHEAD It shows that in the year 1910, 448' TRIBES OF INDIANS OF THE P ACI1"IC COAST. By Rev. Thomas Crosby. Ilfor every 100,000 of the population lustrated, 12mo., 243 pp. William Briggs, Toronto, 1914. (or 339;571 people) were inmates of various charitable institutions. The THE REAL BILLY SUNDAY. The Life and largest proportion of these were in Work of Rev. William Ashley Sunday, D.D., the Baseball Evangelist. By Middle Atlantic States, and the Elijah P. Brown, D.D. Illustrated, 12mo., 285 pp. $1.15, postpaid. Flemsmallest proportion in the South Cen- ing H. Revell Co., New York, 1914. tral States. Over 4,000,000 were received into such institutions some OUR OPPORTUNITY IN THE WEST INDIES. time during the year. This only in- By Benjamin G. O'Rorke, M.A. Illuscludes homes for children, defectives, trated, 12mo., 136 pp. ls., net. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, hospitals, institutions for blind and London, 1914. deaf, and old folks' homeS. Insane asylums, reformatories, and similar THREE BoYs. By Janet Sinclair.• Illus- trated, 12mo., 191 pp. 15. 6d., net. institutions are not included. S. P. G., London, 1914.

UNCLE SAM. By Martha S. Gillow. Illus- THE HANDBOOK OF THE YOUNG WOMEN's trated. 12mo., 61 pp. SOc., net. Flem- CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION MOVEMENT. Pre- ing H. Revell Co., 1913. pared under the auspices of the De- There is a picturesque quaintness partment of Method of the National Board. 12mo., 157 pp. 40c. National about mountaineer life in the Ap- Board Y. W. C. A., New York, 1914.

palachian Mountains of the South BUDDHIST CHINA. By Reginald Fleming Johnston. $5.00. E. P. Dutton & Co., that has a fascination for story- New York, 1914.

tellers. This is a short but interest- LIBERIA. Description, History, Problems. By Frederick Starr. Map, 227 pp. ing, if somewhat improbable, narra- $1.10, net. Chicago University, 1914.

tive of "Uncle Jonah" and "Aunt THE FACE 01" MANCHURIA, KOREA, AND RUSSIAN TURKESTAN. By Miss E. G. Cindy" and their visit to "Uncle Kemp. Illustrated, 248 pp. 7s. 6d., net. Chatto & Windus, London, 1914. Sam" in "Washington-dee-cee.", It THE SPIRITUAL CONQUEST OF THE ROCKIES. might be labelled "A recipe for the By Rev. W. N. Sloan. 12mo. George H. Doran Co., New York, 1914. making of patriots." . TEN YEARS NEAR THE ARCTIC CIRCLE. By' THE KEEPER OF THE VINEYARD. By Caro- line Abbot Stanley. Illustrated, 8vo., J. J. Armistead. 35. 6d., net. Headley 345 pp. $1.25. Fleming H. Revell Co., 1913. Bros., London, 1914.

Another story by the author of "The Master of the Oaks" is sure of

The Missionary Review of the World — May 1912

MISSIONARY SCENES IN SIAM AND

1. Moslem Pilgrims from Java. 8. Statue of a yak (giant), Royal Temple, Bangkok.

2. Mission schoolgirls and missionaries , Laka wn 9. l1issionaries traveEng through Indo-China.

3. Siamese chIldren playing in the hal vest field. 10. A Laos Christian man and wife, helpers in Praa.

4. Some Javanese women. 11. A non-christian Siamese from the jungle.

5. Chieng lIai Hospital, North Siam. 12. Scene on bank of river Lakawn.

6. Going up the river in Siam. 13. Catafalque being drawn to place of cremation. 14. A Christian Laos man, Ai Kaow. 7. A favorite mode of travel in Siam.

15. Lepers in Penang .Asylum, Straits Settlements.

®The Missionary

of the World VOL. XXXV. No.5. MAY, 1912 "OL. xxv. Ko. 5. Old Series lvr C7V Series Signs of the Times RELIGIOUS LIBERTY FOR CHINA so far as he understooel the principles of Christianity they were what he OR some years 111is- was striving for in the republic. He asked that his words regarding remF sionaries have enjoyed ligious liberty be passed on to the more or less religious pastors and Christians throughout liberty in their work China and promised to send a rep- in China, but the Gov- resentative to the thanksgiving serv- ernment being under ice to carry his message to the Christhe full control of the State re- tian churches. The services were ligion, there has always been more held in the largest church in Peking, or less restriction in Christian wor- on the afternoon of February 26th, ship and teaching. Now it seems and the building was crowded. The certain that Church and State will message of President Yuan was read be entirely separated. in both English and Chinese by Dr. Yen, a member of the Board of For- President Yuan Shi Kai has given eign Control, a Christian graduate of assurance of religious liberty. Soon the University of Virginia, who was after the edict of abdication was an- for a time president of the North nounced, the native pastors of the China American College Club. Protestant churches of Peking arranged for a union thanksgiving As spokesman for the Chinese service, to which they invited the Presiden{, Dr. Yen commended the President, Yuan Shi Kai. He ex- work of the missions in charity and prest his desire for an interview, and education, and said that they had four Chinese pastors, representing the won golden opinions from all classes Presbyterian, Methodist and Congre- of society, that the prejudice and misgational missions, were received v,ith understanding which formerly existed honor. President Yuan told them re- had gradually disappeared. In the peatedly that under the new govern- past Christian missions have been the ment they might expect perfect freedom of worship. He intimated that * The editors seek to preserve accuracy and to manifest the spirit of Christ in the pages of this REVIEWJ but do not acknowledge responsibility for upinions exprest, or positions taken by conh-ibutors of signed articles in these pages,-EOITOR. subject of treaty arrangement, thus that China has had that is worthy taking on a diplomatic aspect. Dr. she needs now, and with it she needs Yen said that now many Chinese also, and seems now prepared to re- Christians desired to remove every ceive, the new conceptions of the vestige of difference between the Gospel, and not these conceptions Christians and non-Christians, and ad- only, but also the power of God in vocated the independence of the Christ, by which alone they may be Church so as to divest it of any po- realized in the life of the nation in litical significance. Altho the consti- this new and wonderful day. tution of the country had not been promulgated, the confidence was ex- The time, for which we have long prest that the national assembly worked and prayed, appears to have would include an article guarantee- come at last in a measure and with ing religious freedom in the new Con- a momentum beyond our faith, and stitution. A great era of opportunity we rejoice with the Christian agenfor Christianity has dawned with the cies at work in China, with the r r,- birth of the Oriental republic. 66r leaders of the Chinese Chris- tian churches, with their 278,628 THE OPPORTUNITY IN CHINA members, with the 4,299 missionaries from 'vVestern lands, in the unique THE whole world is agreed in rec- opportunity which they possess of meeting an inquiring people with the ognizing in the transformation light of life which they are seeking, of China one of the greatest move- and of offering to them and to their ments in human history. Whether rulers the knowledge of the Lord we consider the immensity of the Jesus Christ, the one true Leader and popUlation affected, the character of King of men. the change that is taking place, the magnitude of the interests which are We rej oice in the measure of unity involved, the comparative peaceful- already attained. by the Christian ness of the crisis, or the significance forces in China, and in their ability of the fact that a great and ancient in this hour, without waste or disrace is undergoing in the period of cord, to present to the Chinese people a decade a radical intellectual and the one faith which we all hold and spiritual readjustment, it is evident the one Lord whom we all follow. that it is given to us to witness and We rejoice that so many of the men have part in a vast movement whose who have wrought for China in the consequences will affect the whole time of national need have been world and be unending. Christian men, who have borne their great responsibilities with Christian This movement may become, by fidelity and sought to serve their God's grace, the regeneration of a country with Christian unselfishness. nation. For no change of institu- With a Christian Church united in tions, of political principles, of social its mission, and with Christian men order, or of economic conditions, can serving the State in patriotic and reavail to satisfy the deep needs of ligious devotion, we believe that the which China has now become con- prayers of many hearts will be anscious. Political reformation requires swered that, on the one hand, a pure a new moral and religious life. All

OF THE

and unconfused Gospel may be tian men and may lead their land preached to the nation, and that, on forward in wisdom and peace. the other hand, the Christian spirit, unmixed with secular misunderstand- For the purity of the Gospel in ing or personal ambition, may con- China, that it may not be miscontrol the minds of men who are to ceived, but that it may be known and bear rule and authority in the new experienced as the power of God day. unto salvation.

In the effort to which the Chris- For a right attitude on the part of tian forces of the nation will now all gov-ernments toward the Governgive themselves with a new zeal, ment of China. to carry the Gospel far and wide over China and deep into the life of the For the Manchus and the Chinese people, we desire to assure them of alike, that they may find Christ. the sympathy and support of the churches in the West, and we now So great an opportunity as God make appeal to the home churches to now offers in China is a sovereign meet the emergency with unceasing summons. It demands of us an enprayer and unwithholding consecra- largement of our horizons, an expantion. sion of our faith, an acceptance of our duty, and an eager and joyful Especially we ask prayer: exercise' of our fellowship with Christ For the people of China, this great in ministering to the need of an and virile nation, which, awakened awakened nation, and in hastening from the torpor of ages by the quick- the coming of His world-wide kingening forces of the modern world, is dom by an unprecedented advancenow called upon to deal with enor- ment. May the churches in China mOllS legislative, economic, educa- and ill the West be found equal to tional and moral re~djustments. this opportunity!-RoBERT E. SPEER. For the Chinese Christians, who share in full measure the privations THE LAYMEN'S MOVEMENT IN and problems that are the common lot of their countrymen. ENGLAND· For the missionaries and their work, the adequate expansion of Christian F OR some months plans for the education and evangelization, and the adaptation of mission methods to organization of the National the needs of the present situation. Laymen's Missionary Movement in For full religious liberty in China. England have been maturing. In For perfect union among the June, 191 I, a conference of repre- Christians of every name. sentatives of the missionary societies For a spirit of true indepenuence in Great Britain and Ireland met in on the part of the churches in China, York and passed resolutions favoring and of perfect cooperation with the a national movement, appointing a missions of the churches of the West. special committee to consider the For guidan<;e of the new leaders matter. Now a provisional execuof China, that they may be Chris- tive committee of fifteen leading lay- men, representing both schools of thought within the Church of Eng- land and all the Free Churches has been appointed to direct the work, and Capt. T. F. Watson has been

called to the gener;d secretaryship. cardul attention to the official restric- He has been lay secretary of the tions placed upon him. Tho the new Church of England ~Ten's Society hall contains "very gooJ chairs to for eight years, and is now enter- the number of 2,500," the city preing upon his duties. It is his in- fect would allow a congregation of tention to visit the United States 700 only at first, am finally decided and Canada soon for the study of reluctantly, and after much arguing the movement and consultation with by Rev. Petler, that 1,500 might atits leaders in those countries. tend. The permission for the visiting foreigners to speak had to be wrung BAPTIST WORK IN RUSSJA from the Minister of the Interior, PROGRESSING who made the condition that the speakers must not touch political or THE New Baptist Tabernacle in sectarian matters. St. Petersburg was opened on The interview which Dr. McArthur January 7th. Thus, Baptist work in and others had with the Russian Min- Russia has been established more ister of the Interior seems to have firmly than ever, due chiefly to the borne fruit, as recent advices from energy and zeal of Pastor Fet1er. St. Petersburg state that the Czar Five years ago he arrived in St. has granted permission for the es- Petersburg, practically unknown, and tablishment of a seminary in that city, he went to ,york in the face of ob- for which English Baptists gave $50,- stacles which seemed almost unsur- 000, and American Baptists $30,000, mountable. His one message was chiefly to educate Baptist ministers salvation by faith in the Lord J estls for work in southeastern Russia and Christ, and he delivered it with great in Russian dependencies. earnestness and burning power. Slowly his audiences increased, men THE HAGUE CONFERENCE ON and ,,,,-omen were converted, and a OPIUM strong, vigorotls church was built up. Then it was decided to erect an au- T'NELVE governments, including ditorium which could accommodate all the great Powers of Europe, the listeners, and to builcl the tabernacle as a great center of the multi- the United States, and the two Eastform activities of the Church. Bap- ern nations of China and Japan, tists throughout the earth showed.. were represented at the Hague Congreat interest, and aided substantially ference on Opium, which met a short in the payment of the expenses of time ago. The spirit of the conferthe fine building. ence was good, and decisions were reached which look toward interna- At the great Baptist W orId Al- tional regulations on the subject of liance in Philadelphia last year, a opium and its alkaloids, morphine, commission was appointed to attend codeine and heroin, and of cocaine. the opening of the Tabernacle (MIS- The proposed regulations are such SIONARY REVIEW, October, 1911, page that they will bar the way, in regard 724). Dr. R. S. McArthur, as presi- to these particular drugs, to any such dent of the Baptist Vorld Alliance, treatment as Great Britain has meted made the dedicatory address, giving out to China in the past. All friends

of righteol1sness will rejoice in the opium manufactured for medical uses signing of the convention, but it only. Then tho sonrce of supply of would be foolish to think or speak the narcotic poison will be dried up of the opium question as closed. and the opium question will be ended.

Dr. W u Lien Teh, one of the rep- Ve believe that the young Re- resentatives of China to the con- public of China will enter into a still ference, stated in London at a public more determined warfare against the meeting, that large quantities of mor- drug, because Yuan Shi Kai, its phine and cocaine were smuggled into presiclent, was the author of the im- China in spite of strict laws last perial edict of 1906, wh1,]; orclered year. They were hidden in other that the use of opium in China l1111st merchandise, and even passed through cease within ten years, and he has the post-office packed in newspapers. never suffered an opium-smoker Dr. Hamilton fright, foremost au- among his subordinates.

thority on the drug habit in the THE MEN AND RELIGION FORWARD United States, and one of the five delegates to the conference from that MOVEMENT country, as he was sailing for Eu- T HE systematic campaign of "The rope, made the amazing statement Men and Religion Forward that the inhabitants of the United 1Ioveme;1t" has now been conducted States cons lime more opium than any in a number of cities in the Eastern other nation of the world, China not States and in the llississippi Valley.

excepted. He added that not the Rochester, Huffalo, Baltimore, Phila- least of the ways in which opium is delphia, Brooklyn and Chicago were here employed is its use in proprie- also to be attacked in }larch, and a tary medicines. great "Conservation Congress of Thus, the OpiU111 problem is not an Wodd Brotherhood" is to be helc1 in exclusive Chinese problem. The use X ew York City, from April 19th of opium, eaten raw or smoked, or to 24th, to close the whole campaign.

taken in some solution, is not limited N ext fall Canada is to be visited in to China, but it is a curse found in a similar manner.

every part of the earth. Whence During last December the 1len does the fearful poison· come ? There and Religion I<orward Movement has are 250,000 acres of poppy growth in stirred the cities of DaytOil , Kalama- British India, besides the growth in zoo, and Little Rock to a remarkable the native States. As long as this is degree. In Dayton the ministers and the case, little can be done again:·t laymen got a new grip on local relig- the opium habit and the smuggler's ious work, and a great cooperative work Legislation by the different training school for teachers is planned, nations will give some relief, but the together with migh tier social service opium question can be settled only effort and more extensive York for when the English Government and boys. In Kalamazoo great mass- all civilized nations agree that the meeting's were helel, and a most help- use of all habit-forming drugs shall ful and significant yave of religion be limited to medical purposes, and has swept the city. ~IaI1Y men de- that the poppy is to be cultivated and cided for the Christian life and many

others renewed their covenant with The emphasis on the study of misthe church. A Worker's League was sions has led, in some cities, to a formed. It is to be perpetual and is central interdenominational class; with to carryon great shop meetings by special mass-meetings addrest by misthe special request of forty-five men, sionaries and mission experts. representing the largest shops in Kalamazoo. The community extension The important part of this whole and evangelistic committees have been movement will come through the concombined in order to conserve the in- servation committees. terest already aroused and to continue the work so weI! started. THE HOME MISSIONS COUNCIL In Little Rock the Men and Relig- THE Home Missions Council, of ion campaign was, according to a the United States, consists of local paper, the most far-reaching :'lnd most thoroughly successful religious twenty-two home missionary societies, or civic campaign ever conducted in doing national work and representing the city. It was not an emotional re- nearly all the Protestant denominaligious revival, but a dealing- with tions. practical facts and figures, every-day affairs, in plain language and with The council held its annual meeting sound logic. Cooperation between the January 17-18 in New York, and conchurches, and also the business and sidered many important topics of comprofessional men regardless of pre- mon national interest. This council vious church relations, has resulted. was organized only three years ago; Local conditions and needs are better it has brought the Protestant forces understood, and a campaign for social closer together and federated, to a and civic advancement has been start- certain extent, the work of the vaed. Within the churches a spirit of rious societies. During the past year persona] evangelism has been awa- it has made an effort to bring about kened, while at the same time civic joint educational work for the trainpatriotism has been strengthened, so ing of workers in Porto Rico, but it that the Mayor announced a plan to has not been able to bring about favorestablish a vice commission to study able action because most of the dethoroughly the social evil, and to sug- nominations are establishing their gest specific remedial measures. own training schools. The work among the Indians has been thorough- Work among boys and young men ly investigated, and considerable is strongly emphasized. This has been progress was made in allotting oversadly neglected by Christian men, but looked fields to various churches. it is neglected at peril of Church and State. Interest in the systematic Cooperating with the Federal Counstudy of the Bible is also awakened, cil of the Churches of Christ in Amerand out of such systematic study ica, the Home Mission Council has many blessings must be expected. lately made a most comprehensive study of conditions in the Rocky Mountain and Pacific Coast fields. This investigation showed a surpri- zingly large number of neglected fields.

BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF

BY DELLE M. BRAIN, SCHENECTADY, N. Y.

IBj' OON-ITTwas the prod- mother boasted that there was not a uct of three nationali- drop of Siamese blood in her veins- her ancestors were all either Chinese ties. He was a Sia- or Cambodians.

~ mese by birth, a Chi- Maa Tuan was a most unusual woman. Following the example of ~ nese by descent, and her father rather than of her heathen mother, she became a living witness an American by train- for Christ among her people. Through ing. Yet to none of these did he give REV. BOON-ITT, OF SIAM.

his highest service. His short but her efforts almost all her near rela- tives eventually became Christians. fragrant life was poured out for the The stand she took for Christ, cutting her off from the religious ceremonials .advancement of the kingdom of that formed so large a part of the life of the village, cost her not a heaven. little. There was neither church nor missionary in Bang Pa, and at length This remarkable man was a native she resolved to go to Bangkok, where she could worship God in peace, and Christian of the third generation. His find religious instruction for her chil- dren. There were three now-Boongrandfather, Qua-Kieng, a full-blood- Itt, a younger boy Boon Yee, and a tiny baby daughter. ed Chinese, was the first native mem- ber of the first Presbyterian church organized in the Land of the Vhite Elephant. But he was not the fruit of Presbyterian effort, having been baptized in 1844 by the Rev. Mr.

Johnson, of the American Board Mission. Five years later, when this board withdrew from Siam, he trans- ferred his membership to the little Presbyterian church at Bangkok, a church then consisting solely of the families of the missionaries. Being a man of more than ordinary attain- ments, he was employed by the mis- sion as an assistant, rendering effi- cientservice until his death in r859.

Qua-Kieng's wife never became a Christian, but after his death, three of his children, a daughter and two sons, united with the church at Bang- kok. This daughter, Maa Tuan, was Boon-Ht's mother. It was in July 15, 1865, at the little village of Bang Pa, on the Me Klong River, just be- low Ratburi, that Boon-Itt was born, the eldest child of his parents. Like most of the inhabitants of the little village, his father, Chin Boon Sooie, was of Chinese extraction ; and his

lHaa Tuan's husband never became -a responsibility that did much to a Christian, but he was willing to develop his character. Since the baby move with her to Bangkok. Accord- sister's cleath the two had been in- ingly, in r873, when Boon-Itt was separable companions, ancl tho Boon eight years old, the little family left Yee was inclined to be mischievous Bang Pa, and went to live at Sumray, and somewhat unruly at times, the a suburb of the Siamese capital, where elder brother, tbo only a boy, never the church was located, of which Qua lost patience or was harsh or severe Kieng was so long a member. with him.

The next year the home was broken Two years later, when Boon-Itt up and Boon-ltt's life changed com- was eleven, a greater change still pletely. Early in the year God took came into his life. In -;1 arch , 1R76, home the baby sister on whom the when Doctor and lIrs. House, after boy had lavished the deepest affec- thirty years in Siam, found themtion. Then his father died. Soon selves obliged to return to AmericaJ after the mission chose his mother they decicled to take two native boys for a very important work that took with them and give them a complete her from home, and the two boys were education. For this Boon-Itt was placed in the Christian boarding- chosen and a lac! named Nai Kawn, school at Sumray. about the same age.

In April, r874, the first school for The night before they sailed, Dool1girls in Siam wa s opened at iTang Itt's mother came to him and the two Lang, another suburb of Bangkok, had a long talk at a favorite spot on six miles from Stll11ray, by lf rs. the bank of the river. The boy was Samuel R. House and Miss Arabella going far from her and was not yet inderson. A native Christian wom- a Christian. Yet she had little fear, an was needed who could combine for the seed had been faithfully sown the offices of teacher and matron, in his heart, and she believed that and no one was so well fitted for it God would watch over him, The as Boon-Itt's mother. So it was of- talk she gave him that night was wise fereel to her and she accepted it. and tender and earnest, and he never Capable, efficient, able to speak Eng- forgot it. Years after he wrote her lish, and devoted to the cause of how much it had helped him, Christ, she filled the position for many years with abundant success. The next day the little party board- In r880 she taught in the palace and eel the big ship and sailed away to numbered among her pupils a wife of America. To the two little brown boys the king, everything seemed new and strange and wonderful. At the wharf in In the boys' school, Boon-Itt S0011 San Francisco they were met by two proved a great favorite. He stood gentlemen, one of whom took a big, well in bis classes and became a lead- reel apple from his pocket and hander in sports of all kinds. Lithe and ed it to one of the boys, "Do you active, he could climb like a squirrel, know what it is?" he asked, "Yes," and was an expert in swimming and was the answer. "Then get outside rowing and Siamese football. His of it!" was the astonishing order. young brother was placed in his care This Americanism, so different from

• BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF

anything heard in Siam, made a deep says one who knew him. "His swim- impression on the two lads, and they ming feats and records were never never forgot it. equaled. In the classroom his work From the first they seem to have was always well done. In the literary made a good impression. "They society he was one of the merriest were entertained at our house," says and most faithful. Everywhere his a lady in San Francisco, "and that good humor and hearty laugh were Ii rst night I tucked the two little boys contagioL1s, and his unselfishness was ill their bed. 'Vhen I went to look a byword."

at them after they were asleep, they At Williams, where he took the looked so sweet I wanted to kiss'

them."

The destination of the party was the old home of Doctor and Mrs.

House, at '0,Tate rford, N. Y. Here the good missionaries proved the kindliest and wisest of foster-parents to their young charges. The Siamese language was spoken in the family circle, and scattered through the rooms were many curios and decora- tions brought from Siam. The boys were very happy here, yet they did not forget the old home across the ocean, and eagerly welcomed anyone they had known there. One day a missionary from Siam arrived unex- pectedly. Seeing him at the gate, Boon-Itt, who was playing in the yard, ran to him, exclaiming joy- fully, "Doctor! Doctor! I'm so glad!" REV. S. R. HOUSE~ }d,D., OF SIAM In r88r, when the boys were six- teen, Dr. House sent them to Willis- four years' classical course, it was ton Seminary, Easthampton, Mass., the same as at Williston. He was an to prepare them for college. Here apt and conscientious student, dearly noon-Jtt soon became a great favor- beloved by everyone with whom he ite. A.s he began to grasp the knowl- came in contact. In 188g, when he edge of the vVestern world he showed completed the course, no member of an eagerness and a joy in acquiring the class had a better general record.

it that made him a delight to his It was at Williams that Boon-Itt teachers. With the students he was found Christ and took Him for a equally popular. A.s in Siam, he be- personal Savior. Religions develop- came a leader in athletics. "In the ment is usually a slow process with gymnasium and on the athletic field, the Siamese, and it had been so in his at baseball or football, his lithe and case. He had been faithful in church muscular body found few equals," attendance and had read and studied

THE SCHOOL AT PITSANULOKE his Bible, but this was largely the re- f1eld Student Conference in r889 an sult of habit and from a desire to interesting match was going on. From please his mother and Doctor and the side a number of students were Mrs. House. His ideas on religion twitting the players, but it was evi- were indefinite and hazy, and it dent the sympathy was with the agile, seemed hard for him to grasp the black-haired fellow with a 'W' on his idea of a personal God. jersey. A well-placed ball near the VVhen at length the awakening back line won the game of the test came, it wrought a great change in set and called forth general applause.

him. Making a full surrender to All we heard was: 'Good for you, God, he resolved to study for the Johnny Boon!' Then we saw for the ministry and return again to Siam as . first time that merry smile, that a 1111SSlOnary. J1eanwhile, working hearty, quiet laugh, those white teeth, through the channel of the Young and those keen, friendly eyes of the Men's Christian Association, he be- man whom afterward we learned to came a strong factor in the religious love as Bool1-Itt. . . . During OUf life of the college. seminary days. in the Sl11l1l1ler of r892, In the autumll of r889, Roon-Itt two or three of us were camping on entered Auburn Theological Seminary the far side of 'Old White Face' in to prepare for his life work.. To the the deep woods of the Adirondacks.

Rev. John Timothy Stone, a fellow Ve had two weeks together, and student in the seminary, we are in- grew to know Boon as only man debted for two pictures of him, one can know man after nights together of which reveals the winsomeness of in the open. It was there we saw his personality, the other the source his real friendship with the Unseen of his spiritual power. Friend, and hallowing the memory of "On the tennis courts of the North- those days in God's great forest, I

~ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

seem to see again his quiet, manly ary. Yet he found great joy in the figure kneeling in the moonlight be- thought of winning souls in Siam. side the trunk of a great tree." .11eanwhile, across the ocean, his Boon-Itt loved America and Amer- return was being anticipated with an ica loved him. While at Auburn he interest not unmixed with anxiety. acquired citizenship, and became com- Orientals educated in the United pletely identified with the land of his States are not always easy to deal adoption. So thoroughly was he im- with on their return. But not so bued with the American spirit that Boon-Itt. Notwithstanding his fine no one at Auburn ever regarded him scholarship and very pleasing appearas a foreigner, and years after, in ance, he was modest and unassuming, Siam, H. R. H. Prince Damrong his one aim being to fit into the pronounced him "an American mis- work with as little friction as possionary in everything but the nation- sible. Dr. Eakin, who was then staality." tioned at Sumray, tells of his coming, as follows: Early in the summer of 1893, Boon-Itt returned to Siam to take up "I recall with special pleasure the his life work. For twelve years three months Mr. Boon-Itt spent with America had been his home, and us after his arrival. The joy and those who knew him best felt that pride of his mother was beautiful to going away was a real cross to him see. His companionship was delight- -as much of a sacrifice as that made ful to us and we spent many a profitby many an American-born mission- able hour together. At first he seemed THE OLD MANSE AT PITSANULOKE

a little bewildered, and was trying ture work was gained by accompanyto get his mind rightly focused on the ing the Rev. Eugene P. Dunlop on various phases of the work. He WilS evangelistic tours through the countroubled that his mother was living try. By means of a stereopticon, in a little, one-story, frame house, great interest was aroused among the not realizing that it was a fine one villagers in the life of Christ and from her point of view, and she was Boon-Itt was very happy. "It is great happier than in a larger one. He joy," he wrote to America, "to tell was sorry that his brother seemed the story of Jesus to the multitudes afraid of him and held aloof. And who have never heard it before." he felt saddened by the separation from American friends. Showing us On September 23, r897, an imphotogra.phs of tennis-players and portant step occurred in Boon-Itt's picnic parties, it was evident that he career-his marriage to his cousin, felt the severing of ties he had found Maa Kim Hock, a recent graduate of so pleasant. Yet he never murmured the Harriet House School at Wang or seemed to regret the step he had Lang. For some time it had been a taken." matter of speculation where this high- ly educated young Siamese would Boon-Itt's first work was to perfect find a suitable helpmeet. Some years himself in the language. His Eng- before, when the young daughter of lish was faultless, and he could read a friend of his mother was sent to Greek and Hebrew at sight, but his America to be educated many hoped knowledge of his mother-tongue, tho that the two would meet and marry. he could still use it, was only that of They became very good friends, but a boy of eleven. His mother was the young lady fell in love with a ambitious to see him a great Siamese young American physician and bescholar, and the older missionaries came his wife. urged him on, in the hope that he would be able to make a revision of Boon-ltt's bride was heartily in the imperfect translation of the Bible. sympathy with Ms life work, and made him a very good wife. Shortlyaf- During his months of preparation ter their betrothal he received an ofhe lived at Sumray, assisting the fer from a commercial house in Siam, work in every way possible. Every at a salary supposed to have been one soon learned to love and respect between five and ten thousand dolhim, and his influence in the church lars. On submitting it to his fiancee, and Christian Boys' High School be- she heroically answered: "I think we came very great. "In his quiet way will be far happier at the Lord's he tried to show the students the work on a little money than to leave manliest man who ever lived on this it for this large sum." earth was Jesus of Nazareth," says Dr. Eakin. "It is noticeable that the Soon after their marriage, Boonyoung man who came into the church Itt and his bride left Sumray and during this period were marked by went with Doctor and Mrs. Toy to a stalwart strength of character that open a new station at Pitsanuloke, a is rare in Siam." month's journey up the Menam from Bangkok. Not a little inspiration for his fu- The special work assigned to Boon-

12 J BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

Itt being a board school for boys, he the mission schools were flocking to threw his whole heart into the task. the city in ever increasing numbers, The beginning was small, but it soon and in order to attend church, they attracted the attention of the Govern- must cross the river and go long disment authorities, who set the seal of tances to the suburbs. A great optheir approval on it by sending their portunity was being lost and the misown sons. As it grew in numbers sionaries were much troubled. In and popularity a large building be- his report to the Board, Dr. Brown came a necessity, and this was erected wrote as follows: at a cost of 4,000 tecals, every tecal being secured by Boon-Itt from the "For this great work a man and Siamese at Pitsanuloke. a church are needed at once. No other need in Siam is more urgent His influence over the boys was The man should be able to speak THE BOON-ITT ME.MORIAL IN BANGKO:-::, S:AM unbounded. On Saturdays it was his high Siamese like a native. He should custom to take them on long tramps be conversant with Siamese customs into the jungle for the study of and etiquette, and so understand the nature, and the keen personal interest native mind that he can enter into he took in them all won him their sympathy with it and mold it for deep and abiding affection. But there God. There is one man in Siam who was a larger work to which God was meets all these conditions. That man about to call him. In I 902, when Dr. is the Rev. Boon Boon-Itt, one of the most remarkable men I have met in Arthur J. Brown, of the Presbyterian Asia. The Government has repeated- ly offered him lucrative posts, and I Board, arrived in Siam on a tour of was told by United States Minister inspection, he found that the most King that a trading corporation in imperative need was a new church in Bangkok. Young men educated in

Laos is eager to employ him at a Samuel, for Dr. House, and two little salary of $4,000 a year in gold. As daughters. a minister of Christ he receives $650 and a tumble-down native house, yet As the work progrest, he found he would rather be a missionary on it necessary to rent a small house these terms than an official or a trad- near the site of the new church in er on a high salary." the city proper, where new buildings for the Christian Boys' High School Funds for the new church had al- were also heing erected. It was ready been promised. Not long be- lonely at first, but after a while, when fore, Phra Montri, a Siamese noble- the school was completed, services man of great influence, educated at were held in the home of Dr. Eakin, Columbia College, lost his only son. the principal, and the nucleus of a At one time he had been deeply in- Christian community began to grow terested in Christianity, but had up in the neighborhood. While busdrifted away, and now in his sore ily engaged in the church, Boon-Itt sorrow, one of the missionaries told felt that some work ought to be inhim the story of a sheep that would augurated for youn~ men during the not follow until the shepherd lifted week as well as on Sunday. For its lamb on his arms and carried it years he had cherished the plan of with him. establishing an institution in Bang- kok, with library, reading-rooms, and This story made such a deep im- gymnasium, somewhat on the order pression upon Phra Montri that he of a Young Men's Christian Assoemployed an artist to paint a picture ciation, and the time now seemed ripe of it for him. "I saw it in his for it. Friends both in Siam and house," says Dr. Brown, "a shepherd America showed such interest in the with a face so sweet and kindly, like project that success seemed assured. unto the Son of Man, carrying a lamb in his bosom, while afar off But alas! in the midst of it all, two sheep that had been walking Boon-Itt was stricken willi cholera, away from the shepherd were, with and died on May 8, 1903, a~er an wistful eyes, turning around to fol- illness of only ten days. For about low their loved one." two months before this no rain had fallen, and there had been much suf- In deep gratitude the father now fering by reason of the heat and the offered to furnish all the money, drought. At midnight, when Boonabove what the Siamese Christians Itt passed away, the wind was rising could give, for building a church in and dark clouds were gathering. Bangkok, his hope being that it might Shortly after, the monsoon broke be the means of winning many young and there were torrents of rain. Of men. Being a friend and admirer of what took place in that house of Mr. Boon-Itt, it was his wish that mourning during the storm, Dr. Eakhe might take charge of it. in gives a vivid picture as follows: At first Boon-Itt was loath to leave "The house shook under the fierce his work at Pitsanuloke, but presently attacks of the raging tempest. Knowhe, accepted the call and removed with ing the common superstition of the his family to Sumray. There were Siamese, we realized how terrible it three children now, a boy named

I9 12 ] BOON-ITT, A CHRISTIAN LEADER OF ASIA

might seem to our people that a Committees were at once appointed naked soul should go forth exposed both in Siam and America. In a to such a wild war of the elements. short time the necessary funds were TIut the bereaved wife and mother ready, and a beautiful building, known calmly gathered the friends together as the "Boon-Itt Memorial," was erect- in the little sitting-room, passed the ed in Bangkok. All classes in Siam, hymn-books around and asked them including members of the royal famall to sing. Through the long hours ily and many princes and nobles, gave of that terrible storm they sang those to the fund and took great interest hymns of Christian faith and hope in the project. Then Prince Damrong and comfort. Minister of the Interior, was asked to contribute, he said with deep feel- "In the intervals they talked of the ing: future. One exprest concern about the new church building. It would "I am glad to help in a memorial be hard to find a contractor to take up to that splendid man. Boon-Itt was work that had fallen from a dead a true Christian. You may not know hand, owing to a superstition that the that I offered him a position which building would be haunted. Then would have led to high titles of no- Kru Thien Pow, his devoted assistant, bility from the King of Siam, to the broke down for the first time and governorship of a large province, wept aloud: 'I am not thinking of and to a large increase in his income. the new church,' he said; 'some one Yet he declined these high honors will be found to finish that. I am and financial benefits that he might thinking of the Kingdom of Christ continue in the service of Jesus in Siam. Who will take the vacant Christ." place in this service?' " The ten short years Boon-Itt worked The loss to Siam did, indeed, seem in Siam were years of most fruitful irreparable. From the field and the endeavor. His death occurred before Board, from his fellow missionaries he was forty, yet he had already beand his fellow students, and from come the acknowledged leader of the the many friends who had known Christian Church in Siam. Christians and loved him as a boy in America, a and non-Christians loved and reflood of letters came, expressing not spected him, and his influence in beonly the keenest sorrow, but a strong half of the Kingdom of God was undesire to perpetuate his memory by the erection of a building such as he bounded. had in his heart when he died.

THE CORRECT CHRISTIAN EYE-GLASSES BY REV. J. M. MCGUIRE, lSEIN, BURM!

IITIHE differences between of the human race IS still unsolved, Christianity and other and what we have to deal with to- . religions are funda- day are the simple facts of the world. mental and abyssmal. What religions are actually acquaint- ~ In the Book of Esther, ing men with the character of God for example, the name to-day, and making them sons of God of God does not occur, but the and bringing forth the fruits of the book holds its place in the canon; Spirit of God? This is our practical if, however, it should teach that there question." is no God in the universe and no soul in man, if it should teach the doc- Without doubt the most remarktrine of karma and of transmigration, able, and in some respects the greatshould we be able to believe that it est, of the non-Christian systems is was inspired by the same Spirit of Buddhislll. It is claimed, and by most Truth who taught another writer to scholars the claim is conceded, that say: "In the beginning God created the Buddha, in the 2,500 years since the heavens and the earth" and "man he appeared upon the earth and atbecame a living soul." God is not the tained Nirvana, has had more disauthor of confusion. "Because there ciples than any other teacher, not exare some virtues woven into heathen- cepting even Jesus, the Christ. It is ism," said the late Dr. Ashmore, "it also claimed by Buddhists of the does not follow that God made hea- present day that there are at this thenism. God made gold, but He did time more followers of their system not work it up into graven images. than of any other faith. But vox God made grain, but He did not make populi is not vox dei. The truth or it into whisky. God made the nat- falsity of a system can not be deterural virtues, but He did not organize mined by the number of its nominal them into Confucian and Shintu sys- followers. Still, these statements are tems of ancestor worship and king interesting, and indeed, surprizing. worship," In the Book of Eccle- We had not thought that there were siastes, the preacher hits it off right- so many Buddhists. They, however, ly: "Lo, this have I found, that God need qualification, for they are mismade man upright; but they have leading, especially to a Christian, who sought out many inventions." "Un- would naturally regard the profesdoubtedly," says Robert E. Speer, sion of faith in one religion as ex- "God has not forsaken any part of cluding one from being counted at this world, and He has been educa- the same time as a member of anting mankind, but that does not en- other and a different religion. Christitle us to charge to Him all that has tianity is exclusive, but Buddhism is found place in the life and thought a parasitic faith, able to entwine itof men. We are bound to exempt self about other religions and itself God from responsibility for what- live without displacing them. Thus ever is discordant with His character. it is that Shintoists, Taoists, Confu- The problem of the divine education cianists and even Animists are also called Buddhists. Buddhism has ad-

IN PRACTISE

vanced by being grafted onto other whole of religion. This placed the faiths, and, without changing the na- people in their power and enabled ture of the fruit, has yet given to it . them to fatten upon the offerings. It a flavor of its own. There has never was a dreadful tyranny, a merciless been a land of which it may be said and cruel oppression of the people.

that Buddhism replaced the ancestral Gotama was twenty-nine years of faith and itself became the olle re- age, it is said, when, in his search for ligion, out and out, of the people. deliverance, leaving his wife and Buddhism in its origin was a pro- child, he went forth to the homeless test against Brahmanism. In the re- life. This action on his part was not ligion of the early Hindus there were so strange in that land as it would the germs of a faith in God, the seem among us. It was, perhaps, a creator. This is shown from the Rig frequent and familiar incident in the Veda, a collection of over 1,000 life of the day. He at first sought poems, not all belonging to one the truth by the way of ascetici~m period, but representing early In- but found it not, and asceticism and dian literature. The development of self-torture for its own sake have no thought, however, was not as it was place in the system of the Buddha.

in Israel, in the way of clarifying At last, after six years of search, sit- and purifying the idea of the divine, ting under a banyan-tree (called from until the mind should arrive at the this the Bo-tree, from budh to know), conception of one God, almighty in as the fruit and result of his own power and infinite in wisdom and thought, and of the merit obtained holiness, but rather was it toward a in former existences, the truth dawned multiplication of gods, faith in which, upon him, and from that time Gotama during the period from 900-700 B.C., became the Buddha, the Enlightened was undermined by speculation, until One.

at length there was created a new Looked at from the practical side ground of religious thought in the and in the light of the need of his belief in the undisturbed, unchange- time, the teaching of the Buddha able, universal unity which lies back came as a great blessing to India.

of this world of impermanence, and It was no small thing in an age of to which those who are delivered, priestcraft and ceremonialism, to leaving this world, return. Thus the have a voice lifted up in the wilder- way was prepared for the Buddha, ness calling for personal purity and and when he appearec1, about 500 B.C., holiness as the only way of deliver- he rejected the many gods of the ance, to be wrought out by one's self popular faith and built his system upon without dependence upon a priest.

what he regarded as the unchange- Gotama did not make war upon caste, able, universal law of the universe. and yet at that time, when caste had At this time Brahmanism, the re- fixt great gulfs between brother ligion of the day, was a hardened and men, it was no small thing to have an petrified system of caste and cere- order established which was dem- monialism. The offering of sacrifices ocratic, and into which all men, re- had been developed by the Brahmans gardless of caste, might be admitted.

into a ritual which was practically the It was a blow at caste. As for the

home, the system of the Buddha desires tend to evil, an emotionless made war upon it by enjoining monk- state is pictured as a most desirable hood, and it was declared that "the and glowing attainment. How desire' life of a woman is always darkness," comes to be the cause of existenceand yet even thus her hard condition what the nexus is-is a mystery was improved, for she was permitted known only to Buddha. The third to become a nun and on the same Nable Truth is that in order to the condition that a man could become a cessation of suffering there must be monk, and she was not immured in the eradication of desire. This only a zenana, and the evil of child mar- states the obvious fact that the reriage. was not encouraged, and to-day moval of the cause is necessary in does not exist in Buddhist lands. And order to a cessation of the result. it may further be said, to the praise The fourth Noble Truth is merely of the Buddha, and as a proof of his the method by which desire is to be enlightenment, that his teaching was eradicated and deliverance obtained. a protest against the whole system of It is the Noble Eightfold Path: right superstition which the Brahmans had faith, right resolve, right speech, right created. action, right living, right effort, right recollectedness, r:ight meditation. With But let us now examine the system reference to these beautiful phrases, a little more closely. What Gotama I make only the one observation, that found under the Bo-tree, what made we must not read into them a Chrishim the Buddha, was the knowledge tian meaning. They must be interof the so-called Four Noble Truths. preted in the light of and in harmony The first of these is that sorrow is with the system to which they beuniversal. To say that there is no long. bright side to life-that all is sorrow, seems to us a hideous untruth. But The idea of a Supreme Being Gowe are Christians. Let us put our- tama rejected, and characterized disselves back, if we can, to that place cussion of the subj ect as a "profitand time, and look out upon life as less inquiry." This was a fatal mis- Gotama saw it-no God, no Helper, take, but from what we know of his no one to whom we may lift up a environment we can not greatly wonprayer, and nothing before us but an der at it. He thought it better to beendless series of births and deaths, lieve in no god at all than to believe meaningless and resultless! Such a in myriads of them. And his system view of life darkens the world and of salvation is remarkable, for in it overcasts the heavens with clouds. there is no God, no altar, no sacrifice, And so the light which this noblest and no prayer. The Buddha taught and best man was able by his unaid- (and it was one source of his power) ed powers to obtain was only dark- that a man can save himself here and ness. now, by his own unaided efforts, apart from and independent of the' The second Noble Truth is that gods. The phrase, "save himself," desire is the cause of sorrow. What however, we mllst not take in its is meant here is the thirst for con- Christian sense. Perhaps the most tinued existence, for sensual pleas- distinctive teaching of the Buddha, ures, and ior worldly prosperity. All

BUDD,HISM IN 'PRACTISE

and that by which he most widely life, knows nothing and feels nothseparated himself from the past, was mg. But this evidently is a distinchis denial of the doctrine of a "soul" tion without a real difference, as in man. Speculation in Gotama's such an existence, if it can be called day had almost reached the point of an existence, is practically annihilaatheism. He took the final step. And tion. It should be remembered that if there is no God in the universe, of the Buddha did not expressly teach course there is no soul in man. Go- annihilation as the summum bonum tama was logical. Morover, if trans- of his system; he always refused to migration is a true doctrine, then make an explicit statement on the there is no such thing as a human subj ect thinking it better, apparently, species distinct from all other forms to concede this much to the weakness of life, man differs from the lower of human nature. animals only in having a better karma. Consistently with this theory, No God, no soul, annihilation as the Buddha held that the self or per- the goal and end of life-these are sonality has no permanent reality. It the dreary triad of doctrines which is the result of certain elements com- lie at the base of the Buddha's sysing together-a combination of facul- tem. They are not, like the great ties and characters. No one of these basal truth which God gave the early elements is a person, or soul, or self, Hebrews, capable of more and more but to their combination the name development, with increasing light, self is popularly given. Nothing but they are rather themselves the passes on from the old life to the end of a development, which, start.jng new one except the karma, the force right, turned off in the wrong direcwhich tends to bring about a new tion. And let us observe that these combination of life-elements. It is postulates have never yet in all the only a terrible ignorance which can years since their first promulgation lead one to think, "I am," and the been able to' get for themselves a thought, according to Buddhism, is place in the affections and faith of one of the worst forms of heresy. any race or nation. Individuals here and there have accepted them, but a This teaching as to God and the whole people never. Men can not soul will help us to understand the live upon negations; affirmation is Buddhist Nirvana, as to whether it more necessary than bread. Wrong is annihilation ot not. In Brahman- at the foundation, untrue at the root, ism Nirvana meant the cessation of Buddhism has never had a doctrinal soul life by its reabsorption into basis which could hold it together. Brahm, the TVorld Spirit. But in Hence, as Sir Monier Williams has Buddhism there is no Brahm and no said, "It passes from apparent atheism soul, hence the end of rebirth is, and materialism to theism, polytheism logically, the end of existence. Many, and spiritualism. It is under one ashowever, do not acknowledge this, pect mere pessimism; under another, but hold Nirvana to be a kind of un- high morality; under another, a vaconscious existence, in which the riety of materialistic philosophy; unmind, having vanquished desire and cler another, simple demonology; destroyed the elements of physical under another, a mere farrago of

superstitions, including necromancy, open book, and where the Gospel is witchcraft, idolatry and fetischism." preached in its purity _ In no other In considering present-day Bud- land can Buddhism be studied under dhism we should remember that this – more favorable conditions than in system, in its beginning, was not, like Burma. Sir J. George Scott, K.c.I.E., Christianity, given a social and in- a distinguished officer of the Gov- tended by its founder to be a world ernment of India, who has spent religion. Jesus was conscious from his life in the Orient, particularly in the beginning of the universality of Burma, and who as a writer is not His mission. The kingdoms of this partial to Christianity, has this to world were to become his king- say of Buddhism in the lands where dom. The Buddha had no such it now exists:* "The Buddhism of consciousness, and at first shrank China is a mockery and a by-word, from delivering his message, which and the monks are a shooting out of was not the announcement of a king- the lip. Japan grew up under Bud- dom at hand, but of a path whereby dhism. The religion is nominally wide- to escape from existence. He had no spread, but among the many good touch with society until there came points of the Japanese devotionalism to be a society of those who, as his is not one, .and as Buddhists they disciples, had adopted the homeless are a mere empty name. The Bud- life and become monks. It was only dhism of Siam is very lax. Most of when, on account of the increase the Siamese monks would be un- of his disciples, people complained: frocked if they lived in a Burmese "Gotama is breaking up family life," village. The Buddhism of Tibet is a that there had to be a relaxation of wild travesty, with a hierarchy at one the rule so as to tolerate marriage end, which is foreign to the teaching and the family. Primitive Buddhism, of the Buddha, and flat devil worship therefore, had from its very nature at the other. There remain the Bud- no social gospel to proclaim. As. dhists of Ceylon and the J ains of however, it quickly became a religion, northern India. As to the orthodoxy and at present boasts of its millions of the Cinghalese Buddhists there is of followers, it is only right that it no question. All believers acknowledge should be asked to give an account it, and make pilgrimages to the shrines of its stewardship, and to show what near Adam's Peak. It is open to dis- it has done or failed to do for those pute whether the J ains, be they the whose destiny has been committed to sky-clad ones or the white-robed its care. ones, are much better than dissenters, In studying the system in its prac- but their Buddhism, so far as it goes, tical working, we wish to see it at is practical. The Burmese, of course, its best It is thus we would have greatly outnumber both Cinghalese non-Christians study our own relig- and J ains, and may, therefore, claim ion. VoJe would not have them study to be the strongest body of profess- it in Spain or South America, where ing Buddhists in the world. It may the people are not permitted to read also be cli!-imed by them, or for them, the Scriptures, but in England or the that they most nearly follow the United States, where the Bible is an * Scott's [{ano-book of Burma, page 358.

IN PRACTISE 34

teaching of the Buddha. And yet has been the accepted religion of the they are far from doing so unre- people for at least a thousand years. servedly. But that is as much as to say that human nature is weak and Before the Eurmans were Budeasily led astray. The precepts of dhists they were animists, or spirit Buddhism are household words with worshipers, and their condition must high and low. . . . The ideas and have resembled the present condilanguage of the whole race are per- tion of the wild tribes on the Burma vaded by Buddhism. frontier, with some of whom, as the Chins, there is a racial affinity. These Burma is, therefore, the lanel in wild tribes are not difficult to evanwhich to study Buddhism at its best. gelize, and as disciples they are teach- The European or American, however, able. The progress of the Christian is always at a disadvantage when it Karens is well known, and the Chins comes to setting forth the actual be- and Kachins, when they become liefs and practises of the people. He Christians, also advance rapidly. It distrusts himself and his own impres- was good material with which Budsions, and knows the more thorough- dhism had to work. What are the rely the longer he has lived among sults as seen in the people of to-day? them how little he can see into and Are the Buctdhists of Burma spiritualunderstand their lives, how far they ly minded? Are they an intellectual are from being all alike, and how people? Vhat is their moral and easily almost any statement In one social condition? direction can be met by an equally true statement to the contrary. More- It would seem to look for the spirover, if one presents the facts faith- itual in a system which denies that fully and truthfully as he sees them there is any such thing as spirit. But from day to day, he is liable to be men are often better than their thought prejudiced, and to be charged creeds. Among the fruits of the spirit with wishing to represent Buddhism are mentioned long suffering, kindat its worst. But one must state the ness, meekness, self-control. These truth or what to him appears the virtues were possest by the Buddha truth, and surely this can be done in in an eminent degree. There are love. some monks to-day and also some laymen in whom they are exemplified When Buddhism was first intro- in a greater or less degree. But duced into Burma we do not know, these are exceptions; the Buddhists but it was perhaps ahout the fifth of Burma, whether monks or laity, century of our era; it may have been, are not spiritually minded; far from as yet the TIurmans claim, as early it. In the villages and cities there are no Buddhist churches corresas 207 B.c. The matter is not im- ponding in their organization to our Christian churches, and for the people portant for our purpose. At Pagan, centers of instruction, culture and inau old capital in Upper Burma, there spiration. In every village there is are monuments of the eleventh and the monastery, and frequently a numtwelfth centuries, which show that at ber of them, and there are the monks, that time Buddhism had attained in who are, according to the system, the Burma a condition of great splendor and power. It is safe to say that it

real followers of the Buddha. but mention later, the monk is burdened they have no duties and obligation, as by such trilling rules as, not to eat shepherds and leaders of the people, after mid-day; not to dance, sing or who are left without guidance and play on a musical instrument; not to instruction. About two and one-half color the face with sandalwood, sleep per cent. of the Buddhist male pop- on a high bed, or touch gold and sil- ulation of Burma are wearers of the ver. Such rules have nothing to do yellow robe. with a man's heart or thought life; In the beginning monasticism was, they are merely external, and the doubtless. useful to the Burmese. They monk's observance of them is of the were a wild people and it had a civ- same fashion. For example, a monk ilizing influence upon them, softening will cover his hands with a handker- their barbarous customs and curbing chief and receive as much gold or sil- their 'brutality. In the time of the ver as may be given to him.

Burmese kings the monks often inter- The chief means of the laity for ceded with the Government for the acquiring merit is by giving to the people, obtained remission of taxes in monks. This the monks urge upon times of scarcity and disaster, and them in all their preaching. In fact, temporary relief in cases where there their sermons are little else than ex- was a local failure of the crops. hortations to a charity of which they But looked at as it is to-day, themselves are to be the recipients.

monasticism in Burma stands con- To give to the wise, according to the demned. Monasteries are centers of Buddhist view, is better and more indolence instead of industry, and in profitable than to give to the poor some cases they are hotbeds of and needy. The higher the recipient CrIme. Gotama made the brother- the more meritorious the offering.

hood democratic, which was a blow "The layman's life, it is said, is ful1 at caste, a great thing in his day. of danger, and almost inevitably in- The monk was not primarily a teach- volves demerit, but by well-placed er, he was a man who recognized gifts, seed sown in the right field"- the vanity of life, and withdrew from that is, offerings made to the monks- the world that he might by meditation "he can be assuring a vast crop of conquer desire and enter the path of merit. He may secure many births Nirvana, Why should not the door in heaven, and have but few in hell."

of the brotherhood stand wide open Thus, the giving of the Burmese is for the entrance of all such men? in the nature of a commercial ven- But in Bmma to-day this wide-open ture, and they naturally put their cloor is entered too often by lazy, money where they think the best re- ignorant, and in cases not a few bad turn upon it will be realized. Mon- men. The picturesque language of asteries, pagodas, idols, robes and Victor Hugo may be applied to Bur- other articles for the monks-it is to ma: "He who says 'monastery' says these that the great stream of Bur- 'marsh,' and the yellow robe is 'the mese benevolence constantly flows.

winding sheet' of the thinking man." The deepest, saddest failure of In addition to the five rule. to be Buddhism is in its having for its mil- kept by the laity, amI which I shaJl lions of followers no revelation of

BUDDHISM IN PRACTISE

God. Yet the common people are not struse for the common people. Also consciously atheistical. They say that Gotama is their God, and in their Nirvana is too remote and too diffi- minds he is a deity of a sort. They have the greatest of reverence for cult of attainment. They prefer some- him. He is called the Blest, the Per- fect; he is the "joy of the whole thing more tangible, and also, if the world; the- helper of the helpless; the deva of devas." It is true he is gone, truth must be told, something more but they have his images, and his last injunction was, they say, that they carnal. Apart from Nirvana, there should worship these. They are of all sorts, molten images made in Bir- are, according to Buddhism, thirty mingham, England; and molten images made in Mandalay; images chis- different states or conditions of exist- eled from alabaster, and images carved from wood. They are of all sizes- ence. Four of these are states of the reclining Buddha at Pegu is 181 feet in length-and there are little suffering in which beings pay the Buddhas only an inch or two long. Many of the people do not get be- penalty of their evil deeds. Of these yond the images in their worship, but the more intelligent say that the im- unhappy states, one is the animal age only helps them in their worship of the Buddha. There is no one to kingdom, comprizing all forms of anihear prayer, yet they pray, hoping in some way unknown to them to re- mal life. Life as an animal, whether ceive benefit. beast, fish, fowl, reptile or insect, is The Buddhist doctrine of no soul in man is not the belief popularly regarded as a punishment for sins. held by the Buddhist people. The Rurmans believe in an immaterial part The denizens of the second and third in man's nature, which may wander away temporarily, as in dreams and states of suffering are purely fabswoons, without causing death. Yhen a wife dreams of her absent husband ulous beings. The fourth state is the it means that their spirits, as we should say, have wandered away from Buddhist hell, which is divided into the bodies and met in dreamland. This belief of the Burmans is an in- eight principal hells, and these again heritance from the time they were animists. Buddhism, in fact, is only a are subdivided. One day in some of veneer over their former animistic faith. If you scratch a Burman Bud- these hells is equal to from 500 to dhist you will find a spirit worshiper. 800 of our years, and punishment The doctrine of Nirvana is too ab- there may extend up to 16,000 in- fernal years. In the larger pagodas and places of worship, supposed scenes from the states of suffering are paint- ed upon the walls, and also scenes from the states of bliss. One of the happy states is that of man, and six others are those of the nats, who are corporeal beings superior to man, and occupy six different seats on the My- inmu (Meru) mountain. The life of a nat is one of sensual bliss and may last for 500 years, but that would he eql1al to 9.000 of our years.

The nineteen remaining states are those of the Brahmas, who occu- py the higher celestial regions. They are, however, too high above the peo- ple to have much an influence upon them. – With so many attractive states of existence open to the man who can

accumulate merit sufficient to attain jects, as well as in religion, is what them, the doctrine of Nirvana has the Buddha himself is supposed to too much competition, and make little have taught. In answering the quesheadway among the Burmans. What tion, therefore, as to what the rethe Buddhist wishes is to avoid re- ligion of the Eurmans is, it is not birth in any of the states of suffering, enough simply to point to the Pali whether as an animal or in one of canon and primitive Buddhism, for the hells; he would like rebirth as a their cosmogony, geography, and much man, especially as a rich man; and of the folklore in which imagination better still, if he could attain to it, runs riot are to them, equally with would it be to be born a nat. the most ancient doctrine, part and parcel of the Buddhist faith. "Vhat about the intellectual life of the people? The Buddha was the It is impossible to present in this "Enlightened One." Are the Buddhist paper, even in barest outline, the Burpeople enlightened? His great work man view of the world. It is well set it was to abolish ignorance; how has forth in Spence Hard's well-known he succeeded in Burma? But we "Manual of Buddhism." Standing in must look to the meaning of our the center is the Myinmo (Meru) terms. The Buddha was the "en- mountain, which rises to a height of lightened one" because he thought his 84,000 yoozanas (a yoozana is 13Y; way through the mystery of rebirth English miles), and it has an equal and discovered the Four Noble Truths. depth below the sea. That part of The ignorance which he sought to the world which is the abode of men abolish was ignorance as to the neces- and animals has a diameter of 1,203,- sary connection of sorrow with exist- 400 yoozanas, and its depth is 240,- ence. The system of the Buddha 000 yoozanas. The half of this depth places all the emphasis on these so- consists entirely of dust and the other called "truths," and regards every- half of stone. Underneath this is an thing else as of no importance. Ques- enormotls volume of water, and betions of science, geography, astron- neath this another volume of air. Beomy, or even of metaphysics, are set neath the air there is nothing but aside as useless subtleties. Ignorance vacuity. This may serve as a sample of these is not the ignorance which of the Burman view of the world. It ruins. The Buddha thought that he is an unquestioned belief with those had found the path which leads to 'vho have not had a thorough train- .. the cessation of suffering, and he set ing in a mission or government school, so much by this "knowledge" that he and even by some of these it has not cared not for any other. This was yet been given up. It is only recently the spirit of primitive Buddhism. that the Government have ventured to Nevertheless, Buddhism, as we see it make geography a compulsory subject in Burma, has its cosmogony, its for. study in all the schools of the geography and its teaching upon al- land. In some schools, not mission most all subjects. Everything lay or government, but Buddhist lay open to the mind of the Buddha after schools, pupils are taught that the he obtained omniscience, and what the Buddhist view of the world i~ the Burmans now believe upon these sub- true one, but that, nevertheless, when

IN PRACTISE

the school inspector comes to make light upon the trees or the roof, the the annual examination, pupils must shape of the holes made by mice, and say that the world is round, and an- so on almost without end. swer other questions in geography in harmony with the "English" view, so The credulity and superstition of that they may be permitted to pass the Burmese make them the easy victhe examination. In the monastic tims of quacks and charlatans of schools, aside from a smattering of every description. But let us. not be arithmetic, nothing is taught save the uncharitable in our judgment. The subject of religion. The number of Burmese are, perhaps, not worse than pupils in these schools is at present other races who have never had a not great. Most men among the Bur- knowledge of the true God. They mans can read, but when they do so are naturally a people of bright mind, it is generally in a loud voice and but they are idolators, and idolatry is with little thought as to the nature of not the soil in which to grow intelthe subject-matter. A good many lect. "They that make them shall be women, particularly in Lower Burma, like unto them." can read. This is a result of missionary activity and example in the What is the moral and ethical sigeducation of girls. nificance of Buddhism? In the Bud- dha's teaching there are many beauti- From what has been said as to ful ethical precepts. His life, too, their intellectual development, it will seems to have been almost a perfect readily be imagined that the Burmese incarnation of what he taught. This are a superstitious people. It is not has been to Buddhism a source of unundertaken in this paper, however, to told power. The Buddha, in his life set forth how superstitious they are. and ethical teachings, has been often That would require a volume. They compared with the Christ. But, as a have a book called "Bedin," which is a matter of fact, the ethical system of work on astrology, explaining the Buddhism does not work in practise, signs of the heavens; another book and a careful examination reveals called "Deihton," explains the signs, many great weaknesses inherent in it good and evil, to be drawn from ob- and part and parcel of it. These it is jects upon the earm. Omens are possible here only to mention. First found in everythmg-the aspects of and greatest is the absence in it of the sun, moon and planets; from the any idea of God. Because of this it wood in one's house, boat or cart; has been necessary for the Burmans from the howling of dogs, the sing- to live lives practically atheistical, to ing of birds, and even from the in- the great detriment of their happivoluntary movements of one's own ness, character and conduct. Another body. A dog carrying a bone, a hen weakness is· the pessimism which colon her nest, the way in which one ors the whole system. Meditation is person meets another in the road, enjoined, but only on subjects best and what that person may be carry- fitted to destroy one's desire for ing, whether a broom, a spade or a existence, such as the impurities of fish; the way in which bees make the human body, which are set forth their comb, the way in which birds with disgusting minuteness, and upon'

other subjects equally unedifying. A sponsibilities, in the sorrows and trials, third defect is the absence of any which they have to bear.

appeal to the conscience, to the sense The precepts of the Buddha were of duty. The Buddhist may observe at first given only to his immediate the precepts or he may disregard disciples, the monks. But later, as them, it is a matter which concerns has been already said, the laity had himself, and the moving consideration to be recognized. Family life could with him, according to the system, not be broken up, and without the of- will be the merit which he will ac- ferings of the laity the monks them- quire in the one case or the demerit selves could not exist. There are which will come to him in the other. tlve rules which are binding upon all The earnestness which Buddhism in- Buddhists, and the morality of the culcates is thus put upon a low and Buddhist laity may be fairly tested by very selfish plane. A system of mor- the way in which these rules are ob- als in which the hope of reward and served. They are: I. Not to take the fear of punishment are the only life. 2. Not to steal. 3. Not to com- constraining motives can not help mit adultery. 4. Not to lie. 5. Not men very far up the ladder of vir- to drink intoxicating liquors.

tue. The rule against taking life applies In Christian lands the ministers of to the whole aninial kingdom. In Christian churches are preeminently Buddhism there is an identification the leaders of the people in all great of all the various forms of life, and questions of moral and social reform. hence a distorted morality with ref- In Buddhism the conception is differ- erence to man's relations to the low- ent. The monk enters the sacred pre- er animals. It tends to make the cincts of the monastery for the pur- Buddhist more kind to animals, and pose of seclusion. He is seeking for yet not to the extent which one might the calm and passionless state in think. For an animal may be treated which there is no such thing as de- most cruelly without transgressing sire. It was said of JeSl1S that he the command by actually taking its went about doing good. The same life. Under the Burman kings it was was said of the Buddha, but in this prohibited by law to kill any large he was nobly inconsistent with the animal, as the ox or buffalo. The re- precepts of his own system. Yet the sult was that animals which died of Buddhist monk, if he is an upright disease or olel age were eaten as food.

man, is by no means without influ- This is still a custom in all parts of ence in his village. As he goes quiet- Burma. There are plenty of fisher- ly about, with shaved head and bare men among the Burmans, but their feet, and clad in the yellow robe, business does not accord with their his dignified and solemn deportment religion, and they get scant respect radiate respect for his religion on all from the people, who, however, free- sides. But his influence is the silent ly buy their fish. The also buy beef influence of his manner and the garb and pork in the bazaar, the animals he wears, not the influence' of an ac- being killed by Chinamen or Moham- tive participation and fellowship with medans. They observe only the letter . the people in the burdens and re- of the law, and the motive is the fear

IN PRACTISE

of the demerit which may come to China, and with the minimum of themselves if they transgress it. labor the rich soil of their country has given them abundant harvests. As to intoxicating liquors, the Bur- Hence they have been well fed. Their man people are not drinkers. They religion could scarcely be thought of know how to prepare an intoxicating as a system devised to make men drink from rice and also from the happy, but they do not take to heart sugar of the palm, but, with rare ex- its dreary pessimism. They look to ceptions, they do not indulge in this. their offerings for the merit which is Their usual beverage is water, and to place them well in the next exthey also drink tea. In these days istence. Meanwhile they enjoy the the evil example of Europeans is present. leading some of the young men of Burma to drink, but this is opposed Their religious gatherings are of a to their religion and to the time-hon- festival nature, only a short time ored custom of their race. need be spent in worship, and the rest can be given to visiting and hav- As for the remaining three pre- ing a good time. But with many of cepts-not to steal, not to commit them "a good time" means sensuality adultery, and not to lie-it is hardly and sin. necessary in speaking to those who know human nature to say that they As elsewhere in the Orient, age are not kept. Prohibitions, mere gets reverence in Burma. Young negativisms, can not make men right- people are respectful to their elders. eous, for it is out "of the abundance Children are devoted to their parents, of the heart that the mouth speak- and will support them if they have eth" and the life is lived. Where is need. In Burma there is little of acthe non-Christian religion that can tual want as compared with India plant truth "in the inward parts?" and China. As a rule the Burmans that can give to men nobility and are kind to those in distress and will stability of character? It is certain- feed the hungry. But organized charly not Buddhism. Truthful, chaste, ity is left to the Christians. Hoshonest in business matters-the Bur- pitals and homes for lepers and schools mans are not. Yet there are indi- for the blind are not established by viduals among them who are most Buddhists in Burma. estimable people. And there are Burman Christians, who illustrate by The present is a time of transition their lives of virtue .and piety, what and change in Burma. Influences the people might have been had Christ from without have entered, estabinstead of the Buddha been their lished themselves, and grown strong. Master during these many centuries. Britain took over the government from the Burman kings and pacified From what has already been said the country. Western civilization enit will be possible to infer consider- tered. Steamboats whistle on the rivable as to social conditions among ers and railway trains speed over the the Buddhists of Burma. We can land. Communication is easy. Imtouch the subject only briefly. The migration from India and China is Burmans have never been over crowd- rapidly adding to the popUlation. Proted as have the people of India and estant missions were in Burma be-

fore the advent of the British, and monasteries. Yet the more enlightthe Roman Catholics were there be- ened of the Buddhist people will in fore the Protestants. Missions are the future tend more and more to aggressive, instant in season and out work along these lines. This is a of season. An impression upon Bud- direct result of Christian missions. dhism is being made; it is inevitable. The ties of religion are not so strong Buddhism has also been influenced as they once were, and ancient cus- by Christian teaching. Buddhists have toms are not so much regarded. This been known to hold prayer-meetings, has its bad as well as its good side. and to claim that "Nirvana is only what Jesus calls eternal life." They Just now we hear much of a "re- have said that God will reward them vival" of Buddhism. It is natural for their works of piety, and when that this should be attempted, but im- asked where God is they have pointed possible that it should succeed. It upward. Buddhism will doubtless take would be as easy to "square the over much more from Christianity and, circle" as to revive Buddhism. It of course, without ever admitting its has no principle of progress and is distinctively Christian source. out of harmony with the conditions which environ it in Burma. Buddhism While thus appropriating Christian can not assimilate Western thought teaching to itself and copying Chrisand civilization without itself ceasing tian methods of missionary work, Bud~ to exist. dhists are at the same time proclaiming that Christianity has been discredited in But what has already taken place the West, that in Europe and Amermay serve to indicate for us what the ica it is dying out, but that Buddhism course of development will probably is the religion of evolution and in be. Buddhism is doing something in alliance with modern discoveries and Anglo-vernacular school work both Western philosophy. for boys and girls; it has a tract society and a missionary society; in This is the present situation. As Rangoon there is a Y. M. C. A. said above, it is a period of change These methods have been suggested and transition. Meanwhile, Christian to Buddhists by the work of Chris- missionary work is advancing hopetian missions which they see about fully. Ultimate conquest of the land them. They are not well supported, is assured. It was Burma of which and not much has been accomplished. Dr. J ndson said so many years ago: The gifts of the people are not easily "The outlook is as bright as are the diverted from pagodas, monks and promises of God."

THE PO'VER BEHIND IDOLATRIES A vast body of truth lies behind a few words of George Dana Boardman: Satan lords it over man's moral nature. Look at the world's idolatries: at its Apis, Baal, Dagon, Mithra, Siva, the Greek and Roman mythologies, or at the idolatry of second causes, the worship of antecedent, and consequent, the adoration of the powers of nature. What is materialism but a sort of sublimated fetishism!

IN THE THROES OF NATIONAL

REV. GEORGE F. HERRICK, D.D., CONSTANTINOPLE ~~'="~;?)lALF a century .ago the Chinese on whose mental integrity people of America were and stability of character we can most enduring the anguish of confidently rely to meet the changes "a new birth in free- which coming years will usher in." dom." At tremendous cost was the world as- Nearer home we may contemplate with intelligent and sympathetic insured that "government of the people, terest the throes of national rebirth by the people and for the people as they have been revealed before our should not perish from the earth." eyes for three years past, in the ef- fort to unite into one people the We know now far better than the various Mussulman and non-Mussulmost sanguine prophet of that time man races, who alike regard the soil knew what that new birth in freedom of Turkey as their fatherland. means to the other peoples of the world. The influence in Europe of On April 27, 1909, there ended at the vindication of popular govern- once the nine months' farce of conment in America was immediate and stitutional government with a typical beneficent, and it has been permanent. Oriental despot on the throne, and the reign, extending over a third of Perhaps no man living fifty years a century, of the Sultan Abdul Hamid ago foresaw the stupendous power of IL In fact, the new regip1e began influence which popular government, from that hour. Glance back four justified in America, would exert years. How did the Mussulman and upon the old nations of Asia. Even the non-Mussulman in Turkey regard now, occupied as we are with solv- the future of their country? They ing political problems close .at hand, were all rank pessimists. How could do many clearly see how far American they be anything else? All power national life in liberty is revolution- was in the hands of an irresponsible izing Oriental peoples? autocrat, self-imprisoned in the treb- ly guarded rooms of his own palace. Only my lifelong residence in the Venality, hypocrisy, sycophancy, ly- Ottoman Empire justifies me in pre- ing reduced to a fine art, had reached suming to shed some light upon the in the entourage of the imperial palproblems now in process of solution ace the ne pittS ultra of infamy. Dire in the nearer East. Touching the poverty and heartless oppression had vaster problems of the farther East, made the people hopeless. Men charged as they are with momentous learned how to talk for hours about issues not for China alone, but for all idle nothings to escape the fangs of mankind, I have no claim to speak. the ubiquitous spy. Upright men Do not those stupendous movements and uprightness itself were banished immeasurably transcend in interest from the realm. Truth was not curand importance nineteen-twentieths rent coin. Any man who dared speak of the news with which our daily truth in or near the Star Palace fled papers are filled? Thirty years ago the country or was exiled. Liberty! Dr. Wells lilliams, who then knew The word could neither be spoken both China and Japan better than any other American, said to me: "Of the people of the farther East, it is the

nor printed. The only peace that race. Every officer of a Moslem state reigned was the peace of a graveyard. is equally a civil and a religious offi- cer. This was the inheritance of the party of revolution and reform which Now note that when the constituseriously undertook the administra- tional regime really came into power in tion of government in a land all sea- Turkey, with the deposition and decost and border line, with jealous ene- portation from the capital of Abdul mies on every quarter, with its in- Hamid, Austria-Hungary had already ternal resources wantonly wasted or annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, utterly neglected, with nine-tenths of Bulgaria had hastened to cut the last the Moslem population altogether un- bond which bound her to Turkey, ready and unwilling to be of service and Crete was prevented from folin the new era of reform. For age- lowing suit by the intervention of the long antipathy has existed between Powers. Mussulman and subject Christian races, and equally between different It was a sine qua non for the suc- Mussulman races, the Arab hating cess of the new order that the the Turk, neither Arab nor Albanian military forces of the empire, .alloyally subject to Ottoman rule. ready formidable, be reorganized and strengthened. Accordingly, the mili- Christian aspiration, violently sup- tary leader, Mahmoud Shevket Pasha, prest for half a millennium in the who, in April, 1909, leaped by one Armenian and Greek peoples, sprang hound into world-wide fame, has been into new life. the strongest man in the government for the past three years, exercising Both those races are the inheritors martial law at the capital and underof a very ancient and noble national taking the control of affairs throughhistory of which they are justly out the country, including Albania proud. The relation of the average and Arabia, by military forces, ex- Christian races to their Mohammedan pending thereon more than half the rulers during all the centuries of their revenues of the empire.

subjection has been one of acknowl- At the outset much sympathy was edged inferiority. The Turks have shown to Turkey in her efforts at utilized their Christian subjects in reform by all the states and peoples their own interest, and have despised of Europe. This is part and parcel rather than hated them. The sup- of European history during the past pression of national aspiration, re- three years. Many most essential sulting from these conditions, has reforms were carried out, and that made the change which has now tran- promptly, to the credit of the new spired more significant and emphatic. order. The infamous spy system was swept away at one stroke. Freedom It should never be forgotten that of travel, of the press, of public asrace and religion are in Mussulman sembly, became facts in the life of Turkey quite identical. A Gregorian the people for the first time in the Armenian who becomes a Catholic is course of Ottoman history. It was now a Catholic, not an Armenian. A impossible for the new-formed gov- Greek who becomes a Protestant is ernment at once to dismiss from ofregarded by the Greeks as having severed himself from that illustrious

I9I2] TURKEY IN THE THROES OF NATIONAL REBIRTH 35 J

fice all unworthy and incompetent viz. : the uniting into one people of the 11len and fill their places with upright, several races of which the Ottoman capable and loyal men. There were Empire is composed. But the actual not enough good and capable men to realization of this ideal requires not go round. Besides, the sudden dis- three years or three times three, but missal from office of many thousands at least the time for two generations of men, parasites tho they were, was of me~ to pass over the stage of acfraught with peril. These men would tion, and the practical difficulties in form a great army of malcontents the way of its realization are complex and conspirators against the new gov- and numerous beyond all calculation. ernment. It is a Herculean task, and as yet we look in vain for a Hercules to per- In April, 1909, thousands of men form it. of many races, many of them patriots and possest of European education, Mistakes! Of course there will be had returned to their Fatherland, and mistakes made. But was there ever little by little they became leaders in a task undertaken by mortal men civil affairs, in the press and in Par- where the really able and patriotic liament; and, however many and leaders more richly deserved the symserious the shortcomings of the Otto- pathy of free peoples? Here is an man Parliament during the three instance of the impossibility of doyears of its existence, it may fairly ing the things the leaders in the new be said that vVestern Parliaments of- regime saw that actual conditions reten live in glass houses and should quired and even when they did their not throw stones. best to meet the need. Nazim Pasha, one of the ablest and most upright All this was but a beginning in the public servants Turkey ever had, was actual establishment of constitutional sent, as both civil and military govgovernment in the sense of govern- ernor, to the great, remote province of ment "of the people by the people Bagdad. The Beys, who had done as and for the people." "By the people" they pleased for cycles of time, did must still and for long years to come, not like this reforming ruler. They both in the near and the farther East, jumped upon him with both feet and in all Asia, in fact, and in Africa, all together, and Nazim had to be also, be eliminated from the state- retired. The administration of the ment which expresses what popular distant province of Tripoli also was government in its true sense really waiting for better times and better is. Even within the party of reform men. differing and opposed ideas quickly emerge. The Greeks cherish hopes The Present Situation and plans that differ radically from those of the Turks. The Armenians N ow we face conditions which mean by patriotism, a word they are every true friend of Turkey profond of, something which bears little foundly regrets. Conciliation, not resemblance to the meaning the Turks force, should have been used for reattach to the term. It is a noble ideal storing normal order in Albania. which the "Young Turks" announced as that which they meant to realize, The Albanians, Mussulman and non-Mussulman alike, insisted on their

right to use their own language in be expected? A rising of Turks, the Latin character in their schools, Arabs and other Moslems against all a right which the Government should Christians was to be expected.

have granted. Now observe the self-restraint and In consequence of the course adopt- the justice of Turks under dire ed by the Government in Albania, and provocation. They discriminated be- the very serious sufferings to which tween Italians and other Christians.

the Albanians were subjected, sym- They did not declare a Holy War, pathy for the Turks cooled through- tho hate toward their ruthless ene- out Europe. Italy saw her chance. mies burned within them. If the During the reign of Abdul Hamid, new order in Turkey can stand such among the Powers of Europe there a strain as Italy has most unrighteous- was an unwritten agreement or secret ly subjected it to, it will mean 1110re understanding that at the approach- of character in the patriuts of that ing disruption and partition of the land than Christendom has credited Ottoman Empire the share of Italy them with. Turkey feels her need should be the province of Tripoli in of help from peoples of the Vest.

North Africa. So Italy, taking no Especially does she respect and trust advice from any European state, and Americans, and may we not cherish utterly ignoring the I-Iague agreement, the hope that this unjust war will re- to which she was co-signatory with sult in better opportunities for Amer- Turkey, launched her ultimatum, tho icans to aid the educational, social she had no casus belli, and hurled and political rebirth of those ancient her well-prepared fleet and army peoples of that historic land?

across the Mediterranean sea on the Ever since the work of American most gigantic piratical expedition missionaries in Turkey began, the known to history. missionaries have lived in the midst The Arabs appeared to submit, of the Mohammedan population, on even, it was claimed, to welcome the friendly and kindly terms with their invader! Did not the Italians under- . ::Ioslem neighbors. As the years stand those Arabs? Did they believe have passed the observant Turks have them so pusillanimous as to give up come to trust and esteem these Amer- their homes without lifting a hand to icans resident among them. Old save or retake them? Suddenly the prejudices have yielded, interest has Arabs fell upon unsuspecting Italian been awakened among the Moslems regiments from the rear and slew to understand the reasons why some hundreds of their men. They these foreign Christians represent an were acting according to their laws intelligence and a prosperity and a of war and according to the teach- social order which is wholly foreign ings of their religion. What then? to their own experience. Little by The Italians, who had seized their little they have begun to read the land, and had brought over their Christian Scriptures circulated in their priests to convert the Arabs to their own language, also other books and faith, remorsely slew 4,000 men, booklets of Christian teaching. In women and children, on the plea of the more recent years they have ob- military necessity! What was then to served and praised the educational

12] INFLUE)!CE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

work done by American missionaries, under the new order of government and have begun to send their own in the years to come. sons and daughters to American schools. Let the Great Powers, if they must, remain neutral, muzzled, while the Vithin the last score of years hos- unequal contest rages between Italy pitals and dispensaries have been es- and Turkey. The press and the tablished by American missionaries peoples of Christendom have, with in the chief interior cities of the em- great unanimity, condemned the conpire, and more than one-half of the duct of Italy and lifted up their hands patients treated in these institutions in horror at the ruthless massacres llave been Moslems of the various perpetrated by Italian soldiers. Turkey races. at the outset begged and begged in vain for the mediation of Christian Tn these ways the Turks have been Powers. She has despaired of rereading object-lessons 111 practical ceiving fr0111 any Christian Power the Christianity, and that with marked help her righteous claims fully merand permanent resuas. They do not ited. She is enduring the throes of yet show a desire to change their an- national rebirth, deserted and alone. cestral religion for that of these new- To Americans within her borders, er races of the West. Is it surpri- and to the free people of this land zing, in view of what they know of she looks for sympathy, and when European Christianity, that they do the crisis is past, for substantial help not? But the influences that are in the development of national life extended among them are already made secure by education and moral fraught with blessing and contain the uplift based on American-let us say, promise of vastly greater blessings Ch ristia n-ideal s.

INFLUENCE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS BY YING-YUEH YANG, COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK, N. Y.

N the way fr0111 ma- proof falls; and as far as this is con- cerned, no Descartes has ever yet suc- IOI terialism to conscious- ceeded. If such extreme materialists ness of religion, the are few, it is because Confucius, their Chinese student finds greatest Chinese authority 011 moral that his own intellec- questions, did not deny, but confest tual faculty, fostered by ignorance of what is beyond this a fair amount of scientific learning, world. Of those who appreciate the becomes a great barrier which seems value of this confession of ignorance, unsurmountable at first. Until the the attitude toward religion is entirely rock cliff becomes transparent, he can different from those of the materialist, not be induced to see the road beyond tho scarcely more satisfactory acit. For the few through and through cording to the strictly Christian point materialists, the existence of super- of view. They seem to regard renatural being remains to be proved by ligion as a factor-a means to an end. those on whose side the burden of

Some of them, however, would read- religious phase of life of a large numily concede, after a careful examina- Ler of Chinese students. Out of 800 tion of facts, that the Christian re- Chinese students in this country, only ligion, with all its historical process of about 200 are Christians and probadaptation and improvement, has been ably one or two Mohammedans. a very great factor in securing prog- Every year there are several who, ress and happiness for mankind. having been convinced of the trutli 'Wherever there is Christianity, there and usefulness of Christianity, adopt is progress, there is wealth and there the Christian faith. During the last is power. But as long as it is not the year, fifteen such cases were recordonly means to the end (which is, of ed; a majority of these persons, howcourse, true, if the hypothesis be tak- ever, had received missionary educaen for granted), they have good rea- tion before they came to America. son to refuse distorting their intel- This gives us an idea of the extent lectual faculty to solve this spiritual of America's religious influence upon riddle. In other words, they approach the Chinese students. Curious enough, religion from ethics, and not from the such influence does not necess<.rily metaphysical nor from any other come from religious institutions. The point of view. results are to be classified as the by- products of intellectual enlightenment, The majority of the Chinese stu- as we shall presently see. dents in America were not brought up in Christian families. They were not According to a prominent member familiar with the teachings of Christ of the Chinese Stuctents' Christian until they were full-grown. They are Association, who is also well acquaintnot profound in Western rnusic, ed with those who have recently be- Western poetry, and Western classics. come Christians, it was the intellec- At home they have seen more of West- tual influence that brought about the ern aggression than they have heard change in their belief. "They were of Western preaching. Owing to convinced," said he, "rather than conthese facts, they lack the essential verted." Their spiritual faculty was means of access to the understanding enabled to see through the rock cliff of concrete religious concepts. To which once formed an unsurmountthem, religious teaching seems to be able barrier to their pure reason. Of largely for the preservation of moral course, when one undergoes a deciorder, of which China has too much, sive change such as that of religion, while scientific learning is for prog- other influences of a more or less ress, of which China has too little. emotional nature must also have been We suspect that even some of the present. But in the case of the Chi- Christian Chinese students hold this nese student with the peculiar circumview. stances of his early education, the in- tellectual aspect of the problem evi- This lack of means of access to the dently has to be solved first. Then. appreciation of concrete religious con- just as some are brought into concepts, combined with the earnestness sciousness of religion, many others with which they pursue their studies are brought nearer to such state of conthat are of material use to China, ac- sciousness through the action of the counts for the undue neglect of the

OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

same influence which has a tendency garded as antagonistic to religious to remove misunderstanding and to ideas, could have an effect on the Chihumble the conceited. Those who are nese student favorable to religious thus brought nearer to religion, tho ideas. The answer is, that while these indefinite as to their position, will by studies are in general incompatible no means be less significant in the with certain specific religious dogmas, future religious development in China. they nevertheless serve to confirm and to give a more permanent support to Splendid opportunities to obtain en- the fundamental principles of religion lightenment on religious questions, es- with which they are not in conflict. pecially their philosophical side, are frequently found during a student's There is an actual case of a Chinese career in, America. Such opportuni- girl student, who, tho highly educated ties, however, are not necessarily in in Chinese literlLture and old ethical! the nature of religious exercises. Pub- ideas, and not without a conservative lic lectures on religious and philoso- tl1rn of mind, became a Christian after phical subjects, especially the latter, a very few years' stay in America. college studies in sociology, social She testified to her friends that it was sciences, comparative religion, and her unc1erstan'ding of the fundamental ethics, and sometimes even friendly principles of Christianity that made conversation on religious topics, all her become a Christian in order to let these have a convincing influence on her future conduct be guided by those the student. To many of the Chinese principles. We have reason to bestudents who maintain the idea that lieve that her religious principles, like while the material civilization of the that of many other Chinese students West may be superior to that of the in this country, is probably inclined to Chinese, the superiority of the moral be liberal, but it is perhaps equally civilization still belongs to the latter, true that it will be useful and will the above-mentioned studies enables stand the test of many a hard probthem to value the Western institutions lem. Another student testifies that he according to the Western point of became thoroughly convinced of the view, and finally to enable them to ad- truth of Christian doctrines through mit of certain modifications to their the chance reading of a certain book original view. To the materialistic, on that subject. Here the change is these studies are extremely alluring at perhaps entirely free from emotional the outset on account of the seeming or other inexplicable factors. Howharmony with their convictions, Their ever, we must not think that inspirit of scientific inquiry induces tellectual forces alone can always be them to go deeper into those branches sufficient to change a person from of learning, till finally the same spirit non-Christian into Christian-a procof theirs force them to see that in order ess which must require something to be scientific, they must admit of cer- more than pure reasoning. Of the tain principles and facts tho these may fifteen converts, the majority are enginot have occurred to themselves in ac- neering and agricultural students who tual experience of life. It may be could not have had much opportunity questioned, however, why these sec- to go deeply into those philosophical ular studies, which are generally re- studies, save from public lectures and

general literature. Some motive force acteristics now dormant in these seeds, is always essential. The effect of per- will grow with leaps and bounds besonality which serve as concrete ex- fore the end of the present generaamples of good Christian product is tion. usually a source of inspiration to the Chinese students who happen to be Altho the number of converts is brought into contact with the best cul- small, it must not be supposed that tured class of American society. Per- the moral and religious influences of sons whom the students regard as America fail to cut a figure in those their superiors in learning and experi- who remain non-Christian. The selfence, who are sincere in what they sacrificing spirit of the Americans. represent with indefatigable spirit of whether attributed to religious origin self-sacrifice and yet 'free from selfish or to the characteristic restlessness of motives in whatever they undertake, the people, invariably impresses the these impress the students as if there Chinese student as an excellent, usel11ust be some powerful force behind ful quality. Abstractly considered, it the moral maxims which at their best is a moral maxim. Concretely aponly guide each particular conduct plied, it is patriotism-patriotism not separately. One Chinese student who in the sense of fighting spirit, nor of was baptized a few years ago told us race conceit, but of usefulness to that his observation on the work of one's own community. He sees pathe Y. M. C. A. in a certain city gave triotism in being an engineer, in being him a strong moral lesson. The zeal a fanner, or a teacher. In other with which they work, the small re- words, it is the realization of the muneration they receive and the scar- larger aim of one's education. The city of chances for popular distinc- longer one studies in America, the tion show very plainly that their mo- more anxiously one longs for the tive can not but be the highest of actual application of his acquired motives. This little casual observa- know ledge. The more one observes tion served as the main influence that of America, the better he loves his made him adopt the Christian faIth. own country. When one pursues a study, he does so mainly because it If number is always a correct in- will be of use to China, and only dex of result, then we must say that partly for his own personal pros- America has not greatly influenced pects. 'When one abstains from a the Chinese students toward religion. temptation, he does so not so much The potentiality, however, is hardly for the sake of his own reputation as estimable. Vho knows if these few for the sake of the reputation of converts might not contain the seeds the Chinese, The Chinese Students' of future Christendom in China? If Monthly has adopted the motto: "The the conditions in China turn out love of our country guides." And to be favorable to their flourishing, the same kind of spirit can be found which, above all, require a form of in almost every Chinese student to a government that promises the maxi- varying extent. mum amount of tolerance, it is safe to say that Christianity, not without However, this curious growth of tints of American ideals and char- patriotic zeal in a foreign land does not find its origin solely in the i111ita-

tion of American activeness. Amer- poses this principle may be sufficient, ica has its negative influences that because at this stage of the world's stimulate as weIl as positive influ- civilization, patriotism is perhaps one ences that inspire. The appeIlation of the best ways to be of use to of "Chinaman," with all its custom- humanity. But is this broad and ary implications, is something that deep enough to give permanence to has never been experienced at home. his character? 'What if the emotion- Until they arrive in America, the al incentives are withdrawn? What if Chinese students, deceived by the im- he returns home, whither no stimulapression conveyed by the mission- tion wil! follow at his heels? At aries, never knew that the Exclusion present he may solemnly declare that Law was considered right by all he will follow this sacred principle American people. Then, at public during all his life. But even if we occasions, after "My Country, 'tis of believe that he will be faithful to his Thee," comes the question: "What is word, still there is one question that your national song?" In the course he must answer: What makes selfof friendly conversation, the expres- sacrifice a duty? Let him base his sions "your people," "your country," answer on science, philosophy or anyetc., are especially significant to the thing. If America could help him ears of the sensible. All these ex- answer it to his own satisfaction, periences tend to augment the con- then his position will be a strong one sciousness of being a foreigner-a indeed. guest; and with that all the secret resolutions to "make good." N ow let us examine the other di- rection of the American influences In spite of all this fiery spirit of and discuss those changes experienced patriotism in the heart, the expres- by the Chinese students who were alsion of the Chinese students in Amer- ready Christians before they came to ica has always been of the cool, de- this country. liberative sort. American education and American atmosphere in general Missionaries in China usually do have the magic power to reduce the not like their Chinese pupil to come temperature of the hot-headed. To to study in America. It is not bemake a stump speech, to throw a cause they wish to keep them ignobomb, these are the favorite duties of rant as some might think. Partly it is the Japanese educated; but to open a because they need their assistance in mine, to till the Manchurian waste, China, and partly because they are these fit the temperament of the afraid that they might meet with bad American educated. We do not mean influences that are dangerous to their to discredit the one or the other. It religious ideas, or that they might be is in harmony with the theory of the led into temptation. In the opinion division of labor. of the Chinese students, this is a serious mistake. It can not be dis- A man not identified with a par- puted that those who return with an ticular creed is thus found identified American education will be far more with his national cause. Patriotism efficient in rendering service to China has become his religion, self-sacri- than those who have not had the fice his sacred duty. For all pur-

privilege. If this be true, those mis- strengthen the fundamental principles sionaries, with all their sincere good which he now retains. wishes for the welfare of China, could not consistently incorporate into In China a large part of the mis- the narrow limits of their mission in- sionary work is to teach people to stitutions that which promises to be of substitute the invisible God for their greater assistance to the nation-a idols, and to discuss the truth of the nation that has more urgent needs to one and the fallacy of the other. It look after than the need for preach- is to teach people to substitute faith ers and ministers. in future life for faith in ancestors, and to discuss the merits of the one That their pupils would change and the demerits of the other. This their religious ideas is a correct kind of teaching is undoubtedly very guess, but that the change would be fundamental and very important, es- of such a nature that it should be pecially for the ignorant class; and if guarded against is an entirely un- we were in the place of those misnecessary apprehension. When guid- sionaries, we might not be able to deed by knowledge, a change in one's vise any better method of procedure. religious ideas can not but be for the But what is psychologically suitable better. It is not a revolution; it is to one class may not be intelligible development, it is a process of puri- to another. The thinking people fication. It is a transition from a would naturally ask: What can be person with a vast mass of unsys- the obj ect of this series of substitutematic beliefs, piled on him without tions? As far as the beliefs are conbeing digested through his own in- sidered, are they not the same? To tellectual process, into a person with these questions the missionaries are a few guiding principles adopted by undoubtedly learned enough to give a himself after a long period of self- satisfactory answer, but unfortunateinquiry. The latter is usually more ly such queries and answers do not impregnable and more useful as a often take place. When those intellisource of inspiration to others. gent students come out to America, the home of those missionaries, they According to some of the Chris- do not find that kind of preaching tian Chinese students, the mission- any more. People do not pray and ary educated Christians, after a few worship as much as they are exyears' stay in this country, usually pected to do. An ordinary American become liberal in their religious views. strives for a living, and he usually But "liberal" is not the exact word can not afford much time in worshipto be used here, for liberalism and ing, praying, or even brooding over conservatism are not the important his religious views. Some may distinctions in religion. These usual- strive for political power, and when ly have reference to the quantity and they get it, they work for the benefit form, rather than the quality and spirit, of the United States. And so is of belief. A Chinese student, after hav- everybody doing something of some ing been in America for some time, practical use. Religion seems only a may discard certain beliefs which he sort of sub-conscious, guiding prinheld before, but he does so only to ciple. Then, they see charity organ-

INFLUENCE OF AMERICA ON CHINESE STUDENTS

ization, settlement houses, anti-tuber- ion has been differently regarded by culosis campaigns, child-labor or- persons who are equally great in ganizations and a thousand-and-one their character. Sociology teaches similar undertakings based upon the them, in the language of a Christian principles of modern scientific phil- Chinese student who has had the exanthropy. Everyone of these under- perience, "to see religion in its right takings has a definite, practical aim perspective." And so is this happy in view, viz.: the strife for the ma- expression applicable to all obserterial and moral advancement of the vations on American society. In people; and yet how little attention other words, their knowledge now enthey pay to worship and preaching, ables them to see more clearly the and still less do they argue for or real significance and the real function against any particular kind of belief of religion. or formality! The people connected with these undertakings, and people If we believe that they have seen throughout the American community, the real significance of religion, it is seem to be permeated with the same obvious that the change in their views spirit of earnestness and self-sacri- does not necessarily minimize the imfice, yet how much of this spirit portance of ministry work in China. seems, at least on the surface, to be I f missionary work is conducted in due to the characteristic fondness of accordance with the most up-to-date activity. conceptions of Christianity, it will be- come much more effident, especially All this observation constitutes one among the intelligent class of people. great lesson-the essence of the most up-to-date Christian work, of which Ve have discust the general trend they had only a partial understanding of the change in the religious underwhile they were in China. Now they standing of the Chinese students. It begin to see clearly that the chief does not mean that every Christian aim of a religious person is not mere- Chinese student undergoes that change ly to worship, to pray or to have in the same manner after he has been one's so11 redeemed, but it consists in this country for some time. in doing service for the community. The belief itself is a motive force, a Aside from religious influences, the guiding spirit, bnt can not be the sole effect of Americanism in general is aim of one's life. perceivable in every Chinese student. Manners and habits are but trival What they have thus learned from matters. Commercialism, for instance, observation is again confirmed by infests probably every foreigner who their studies. Economics teaches them comes to this country. College aththat the importance of the material letics and college activities have a'trewell-being of a people can not be mendously good influence upon those underestimated; that a banker, for in- who mingle freely with the American stance, is not necessarily a non-re- students. These are too obvious to ligious person, while a preacher is need further description. Social inalways exposed to the danger of be- tercourse with the better class of ing classified as unproductive labor. American people tends to cultivate Philosophy teaches them how relig- good-fellowship and appreciation of

high culture, tho much of the room learning. Fortunately, true to superficiality falls far short of ma- the law of frequency, these extreme king an impression. The American types are few in number. Judging vaudeville, however, is a serious hin- by the standard of usefulness to drance to the appreciation of higher China at the present stage, both these art, higher music and more refined categories are not very desirable. sense of humor. This affects the Americans, perhaps, just as much Evils exist in America just as they as the foreigners, but especially the exist everywhere in this world. But Chinese students, who usually can there are three conditions of suscepnot afford time to acquire artistic tibility to evil influences: education, learning in addition to scientific. environment and the consciousness of a rational aim. The university edu- Some Chinese students have a cation and university environment tendency to absorb everything, wheth- are probably the best obtainable anyer tasteful or distasteful; and after where, and, combined with these, ala few years they become complete- most every Chinese student is conly Americanized, except for their scious of a rational aim. If isolated physiognomy. Others tend to remain cases should be found of Chinese the same; and when they leave Amer- students tempted into evils, let us ica, their ideas are not changed, ex- assume that it is not the fault of cept with an additional store of c1ass- American influence, and therefore does 110t come under onr discussion.

SIAM AND HER NEW KING BY P. L. S. T.

NE of the slowest and government service, but the multitude to-day are largely in ignorance. mO rJ almost the last country Nevertheless, the unrest is here. The II:] of Asia to feel the im- people want information. They will pulses 0 f the W orld's get it somehow. If some officials hope unrest is Siam. Tem- to prevent the sun rising upon the ~ poran·1y secure m. the people of Siam they have a hard job entente cordiale between England and ahead of them. The days of silent France, she is following the lead of submission are rapidly passing. Anher Warrior Prince and making ready cient forms of injustice are now few for a struggle to come. A navy is in Siam. The late king swept away out of the question, but every able- most of them. But in what a narrow bodied man in the kingdom is to be sense are the people of Siam "free"! a soldier. Schools and other elemen- Sodden in superstition; enthralled by tary necessities to lift the common demon powers, real or imaginary; people and make them the peers of drugged by "civilized" atmosphere the people of surrounding nations; imported from "the outside country" ; these slow~working processes are ta- a people without an industry; patriotking second place-or third place. ism literally trodden out by centuries Siam has been educating men for

PRESENT KING OF

On Death of Father, Chula long Korn, October 23, 1910. Educated in England.

Thirty-one years old last January.

of official oppression; loyalty among ~t'e may apply our hearts unto uris- the people, not a sign of it; honor, dom."

not in the colloquial; courage, possible The second year of the present of cultivation; obedience, servile or king's reign is well under way. He blind, or child-like "follow your was successfully crowned in the pres- leader" ; mutual distrust universal ence of Prince Alexander of Teck, among all classes. What an enormous Prince Waldemar, Prince Fushimi, job the young king has before him! Colonel Febiger, U. S. A., et al. About No wonder he takes himself seriously. three weeks previous, at the close of The pathos of his appeals to the Tai the year's mourning for the late king, traditions of the past would wring the sun graciously allowed himself to blood out of a stone. be partially eclipsed by the moon- Without question the Tai race has considered a most "lucky sign."

back of it a record for manly quali- The coronation ritual was purely ties that demands recognition, and Oriental, Brahmanical, Buddhistical the germ of genuine manhood prob- and most mystical. But King Vaji- ably lies here dormant, notwithstand- ravudh had been educated in England.

ing the effect of the dark ages from Therefore the wise prophets easily a which the race is only now emerging. foretold an event in Bangkok Those who have lived among the peo- l'Anglaise. Thousands of modern ple for many years can see the traces troops, the presence of eight foreign of the ancient Tai ancestry, and can princes and two foreign princesses, see great possibilities before the race. representatives from every first and But the problem demands more than second-class power, shiploads of mod- an unselfish patriotic king. It de- ern European motor cars, furniture, mands more than a handful of honest machinery, electric illuminations, and princes and a few wise noblemen. It what not-how orientally unoriental!

demands more than a sprinkling of Read now a few clauses from what educated, faithful and efficient gov- may be called The King's Coronation ernment servants. Speech: "Deeply moved, we assure The common remark, that you can you that we are fully conscious that not make an honest official of a Sia- a great trust has been confided to us, mese, is not only unfair, but it is un- namely, the common weal and inde- true. Among these officials and among pendence of our nation. We our- the army officers are many noble men, selves, conscious of our position as some of whom awaken genuine af- the inheriter of this high national fection as well as admiration. During trust, are firmly resolved to maintain late years there has been a marked it." "Love, loyalty, justice, growth in official honesty and hard equity . . . and not the least of all.

work, as well as efficiency. Some the preservation of national unity and have been developed from the com- cultivation of mutual friendship– mon people. The one great need to- these qnalities form the strongest day.is the recognition of actual con- foundation on which our national ex- ditions and the determination to find istence will rest, and not belie its name the remedy and apply it at all costs. as the nation of the free." "Help "So teach us to Humber ollr days, that to show the world that our

AND HER NEW

noble Tai nation is not dead yet, but and Religion. His Majesty also has organized the Boy Scouts of Siam. enjoys and will continue to enjoy, an In season and out of season, and with practical proofs of his own unselfishexistence proud, virile and progres- ness, he is continually seeking means of cultivating patriotism in a people sive." "In the pursuit of this sacred unconscious of what patriotism means.

duty we shall not spare King Maha Vajiravudh, so unique in morals, so patriotic in motive, so ourselves. Our own per- modern and wise in speech, is never- theless most conservative, if not resonal comfort shall count for naught. actionary, in some things. He is put- ting forth prodigious efforts to revive We know too well that should calam- Buddhism as "Our Holy Religion." He well knows that the past chaotic ity befall our national existence, the mixture of Buddhism for show and demonolatry for practise, and the personal independence of everyone of present fad for lazy, civilized agnos- ticism, are destructive of all moral and us will be involved in the common spiritual growth. The King's tastes are literary. They have been so ever ruin." "Ve must rely upon the mu- since his days in Oxford. He is dramatic by instinct. He is a mystic of tual help and accord of the Tai people; mystics. The unfathomable aggrega- tions of Brahman and Buddhistic and therefore it behooves everyone to philosophies provide sources of enjoy- ment for this serious ruler. For devote his earn.est attention to the years in Europe, he was a silent wit- ness to the unlovely inconsistencies duties allotted to him. Those in ad- of "Christians" of innumerable sects. Half of his country was forcibly anml11lstrative authority should dis- nexed by a so-called Christian Govern- ment while he was studying under charge their functions in a just· and Christian tutors in England. If he is now searching in Buddhism the secret honorable manner. Mutual consider- that can not be found therein, what wonder? ation should be shown, and self-in- Oh ye subjects of the King of Kings dulgence set aside." "Let no person in far-off America, who so half- heartedly have sent and supported of the Tai race forget these high prin- missionaries to Siam-what responsi- bilities are yours! The depth of your ciples." Christianity, the worthiness of it is be- ing sounded to-day in Siam. THE With quiet, stern-even obstinate- MEASURE OF SIAM'S NEED IS THE MEASdetermination this new King has URE OF YOUR OPPORTUNITY. treated with apparent scorn customs considered inseparable from a Sia- mese king. Officially, no one speaks of these wide-sweeping, radical changes "in the palace." One"farang" (for- eigner) unkindly suggested the pos- sible return of an ancient demon with forty other demons also, etc. But foreigners can ill afford to joke at the expense of a Siamese king who has suddenly pulled to Siam's topmast a moral standard, and in unmistakable terms has indicated that, in some mat- ters at least, even a king may have a will of his own.

In loyal obedience to this mysterious king, thousands of officials-big and little-throughout the kingdom have joined a volunteer military organiza- tion, called "The Wild Tiger Corps,"

swearing allegiance to King, country

FACING THE CHINESE

BY REV. DONALD MACGILLIVRAY, M.A., D.D., SHANGHAI I C)HINA has at last defi- tions there are, but we in the "YVest rJ nitely broken with the sometimes envy them for points in ~ past. She has refused which we appear to be deficient. to be throttled any longer by the dead 2. The problem of a stifficient popu- hand of tradition. The lation. Some Westetn nations are heading for race suicide. Kipling commentators have been dethroned. said, "There are three nations that She, therefore, faces a future about can work, but only one (Chinese) which the only certainty is that it is that can swarm." :Moreover, without big with difficulties. She needs the any knowledge of modern medicine help of Christian nations now more and hygiene, they are a hardy people than ever. She indeed faces the and physically the fittest on the globe. problems before her hopefully, and Their people are, therefore, a national there is reason for this optimism. She success. has lived a long time, and gained some experience. She has fought her 3. The problem of unemployment way through many difficulties before, and support of her people. China and her success in the past is heart- has learned well in the school of ening in reference to the years and struggle that "if a man does not trials that are to come. work, neither shall he eat." True, parasites have waxed numerous in We have been accustomed to think late years, but the percentage is small that China was largely a failure, a compared with the millions who work sort of derelict, which ought to be and live. Her land system is free taken in hand and governed bv acolll- from the evils of landlordism, for mission of alien experts. This was the great mass of her people are the solemn proposal of an American small holders of freehold land. To divine on the eve of the revolution. this system is doubtless partly due But China's recent state was due not her success in feeding her myriads, to inherent incapacity, but to con- famines to the contrary. servatism and misgovernment. Tho brought so low by circumstances, she 4. The problem of making her has had a glorious past. Let us briefly people satisfied with their lot. They indicate seven problems of her past know how to be full and how to be in which she had a very large meas- hungry. Fatalism and stoicism does ure of success, until misrule, and an not wholly explain this contentment. excessive population made success im- Exactly how the problem was solved possible along the old lines. She we may not be able to tell, but the solved: 1. The problem of family fact remains. "Tribulation worketh life. In no country is there more patience." solidarity of the family than in China. It was not in vain that the Sages and S. The problem of creating respect Confucius and Mencius after them for law. Without this the task of made filial piety the cornerstone of government is very difficult, if not their society. Defects and exaggera- impossible. This Chinese instinct will be a valuable asset in the new Re- public. Men fa:miliar with other Oriental peoples on learning of this trait scribed. If we ponder them well, of the Chinese have exclaimed with our prayers in her behalf will become surprize: How do they manage to more fervent and intelligent. keep the people from constantly flying at each other's throats? The 01inese 1. Clean collection of the taxes. Sir respect law, even if it be a bad one. Robert Hart drew up a masterly state paper on this subject, which will doubt- 6. The problem of securing men of less be helpful now. He showed how ability for the offices of the govern- six times more revenue could be dement. In other countries office is too rived simply from the land taxes withoften the spoil of the partizan or the out adding a penny to the rate. Many political wire-puller. In China the of China's difficulties are due to lack scholar alone was eligible. In the of revenue. The solution of this ~West the scholar usually declines the problem is the key to other probburden. Not so in China. As Plato lems. But how can it be solved withheld, philosophers ruled. Favoritism out an army of conscientious men? and graft were the exception till the Christians believe that such grow Manchus. only on their Tree of Life. .

7. The problem of religious peace. 2. Men for the new times. Men The religions have had their wars and of education, even of the latest Westpersecutions in the past, but for cen- ern type, will come in time from the turies there has been mutual tolera- new schools, but she needs men of tion. Contrast with this the state of incorruptible integrity and pure pub- India, where Moslems fight with Hin- lic spirit. Otherwise the remark of dus, and must be kept in order by the her own son, Su Chin, in olden days, British raj. China has 30,000,000 will apply: "I have only changed my Moslems who usually are quiet and clothes, the man is still the same." orderly citizens. 3. The problem of popular educa- Ve may differ as to the amount tion. In the past education was only of China's past success in solving for the well-to-do. The republic dethese problems, and also as to the sires universal education, which is methods she employed. But she was costly. Yet, it is indispensable if the acting according to her lights at that vote is given to the masses, who will time, and she simply did what she not forever remain without it. "We could, until the light of the 'Vest must educate our masters," said the should shine unto her. Of this later English aristocrat in I87I, when inand fulier knowledge the new Re- troducing a new popular education public will have the benefit. bill. So will it be in China. History repeats itself. Even with her own small strength, China accomplished much in the past. 4. The problem of a strong central We are therefore hopeful that by government and self-governing prov- Christian help she will solve the pres- inces. "Home rule all round" is as ent-day problems before her. These live a question in O1ina as in Britain. are indeed more complex than ever, China wants a federal system which but China will be stronger than of at once combines central strength old to tackle and solve them. Twelve and local freedom of action. The of these problems maybe briefly de- new federal constitution contains 70

sections, and each province has yet 7. She must build railways, if pos~ to draw up its State constitution. sible, without giving the powers a Work enough here for a generation lien on them through loans. Her to come. The example of the United whole railway policy must be placed States shows how complicated this on a sOllnd basis not only for the namachinery becomes and how often tional benefit, but for the national friction arises and the supreme court self-respect. Good common roads for must decide. But China's supreme a continent-they are a crying need, court must also be created. The and would do more for the people problem thickens the longer you con- than even railways. And, all these sider it. things must not only be called into being, but also kept up. Obviously 5. An entirely neW judicial system money can be borrowed, but honesty must be created. The MacKay treaty must be home-grown. of 1902 calls for this reform. The new system must be in accord with 8. The currency must be reformed. that of Western nations. Not only Chaos must give way to order. Deso, the arrangements for its ad- based cash, inflated banknote issues ministration must satisfy Great without adequate reserves and false Britain. Then, and not till then, she weights must be replaced by sound will consider the abolition of extra- and honest finance. The reform of territoriality. A, judicial system in- weights and measures is a sine qua cludes laws, judges, lawyers, juries, non. "Honesty is a business asset." witnesses, police and prisons. The The Chinese discovered that before creation of all these according to the Elbert Hubbard, but like the quality new model is a herculean task. of mercy, it must drop from above upon the place beneath. 6. The problem of securing autonomy from foreign powers and re- 9. The vagrant rivers and the rotcovering her sovereign rights. China ten embankments must 'be taken in is in bondage to other nations in the hand and scientifically dealt with. matter of her customs. Not only The famines due to destructive floods must the army of foreign customs are largely preventable. Hand in officials be gradually replaced by Chi- hand must go afforestation on a colosnese, but China must win back the sal scale, in order to conserve the right to increase her tariff on im- rainfall. River conservancy will call ports and exports. Many of her rev- for honesty, for millions of money, enues and properties are pledged to and for the highest engineering skill. foreign bond holders, while the Boxer Indemnity will be an incubus for an- ro. The mineral riches of the counother generation. Nearly every avail- try must be discovered, mapped out able naval base is now leased to for- and properly utilized, enriching hOt eign nations. Russia and Japan have foreign stockholders, not a few coal inserted wedges of steel, which must barons, but China's own people. Here be extracted. China must escape from will be one of the chief factors in a bewildering network of entangling solving her problem of poverty. But obligations, before she can be really it will require altruism as well as pafree. triotism, self-denial as well as eco- nomic science.

FOR THE LEPERS OF THE FAR

II. Four million Manchu parasites We do not know, but this we do afmust be transformed into honest, firm, that without One Lord and one hard-working citizens. Their pen- faith, without that Spirit who is the sions must be gradually amortized. Bond of Peace, there can only be an Trades and occupations must be found unquiet and partial unity. for them. They must be absorbed into the body politic, and become part And these are only a few of the of its strength, instead of fattening problems of New China. Evidently upon its marrow. How can they (as work lies ahead which is hard enough well as the Chinese), be converted to appall the stoutest heart. The one into good citizens? need that embraces all other needs- is men. Young China fondly dreams 12. In fine, they and all the other of a new heaven and a new earth. elements of the nation, must be welded Whence is it to come? The saving into a harmonious' unity, knowing salt of the new China is assuredly nothing of East and West, North and not in political alchemy, but in moral South, animated with one pure transformation. China as a nation is love of country. The flag which is struggling to be free. Her appeal now floating over the offices of is more pathetic and more soul-stirthe republic is five bars, red, yellow, ring than ever. "Come over and help blue, white, black-each color is us" now sounds through a megathought to represent the one great phone, the cry of her mil1ions. Shall section of the nation-henceforth in we not gather that so the Lord is hope at least to be one. Can it be calling- us to preach the Gospel to her clone? If not, will China break up? with tenfold faith and enterprise?

HOPE FOR THE LEPERS OF THE FAR EAST HE Mission to Lepers island of Culion. For the time befJT in India and the East ing, however, there are some 400 in- , is extending its work mates still remaining in the Manila Hospital. to all those of Asia. "A young, highly educated mestizo The deepening of the (father Spanish, mother Filipeno) was an inmate in 1901. On account Christian consciousness of his intelligence and ability he was given a position under the foreign both in Europe and America, and superintendent (at that time the writ- er), and I learned to love and greatly in the hearts of missionaries on the respect J. G. He was so superior to field, has led to the widening of the nearly all the other inmates that I beneficent operations of the mission. once said to him: 'Senor J., how very lonely you must often feel in these The needs of the lepers of the surroundings! Let me always know if there is anything I can do for you Philippines have led the society. to be- to make it a little easier for you.'

gin work for the lepers incarcerated in the San Lazar Hospital at Manila.

Leprosy is prevalent in the islands generally, and in the interests of pub- lic health the authorities are gradual- ly segregating them in the small

'Oh, senor, he replied, 'I thank you traonlinary spread of Christianity in heartily for your sympathy; indeed, Korea that the lepers of that country my lot is hard, yet I have the joy of should be included in its beneficent knowing that none of my family are sweep. An asylum has been opened stricken but I myself. If my little for these outcasts at Fusan and will be brothers and sisters were as I, it under the supervision of Dr. Irvin, would break my heart.' A week or of the American Presbyterian Board. so after, when I went into the receiving-room to meet the new patients Hope is dawning also for the lepers the ambulance had just brought, I of Siam, and here again through the found among them a beautiful young cooperation of the :Mission to Lepers girl of twelve (mestizo) and her two with a medical missionary of the brothers, as fair of skin as our race, American Presbyterian Church. Dr. one little brother being fourteen, the McKean, of Chieng-Mai, has applied other only six years of age. Senor J., to the mission for help toward an acting as my secretary, was writing asylum for the many lepers of his down their names in our register, and district. The attitude of the Siamese had not looked up till he heard their people is reflected in the words of a names, 'G–! Oh, my God! my high official when approached by the little brothers and sister; my heart is missionary on behalf of these sufferbreaking!' He fainted away, and ers: "011, the}' are all dead people; was never able to rise from his bed the}' arc nothing to me." But it is from that day; he died within three hoped that this gentleman and others weeks." who share his views will learn be- fore long that Christianity regards Surely people in such a case as this even the diseased leper as a man to have an irresistible claim on Christian be helped, and a soul to be redeemed. sympathy, and it is encouraging to know that during the last three or A first grant has just been made four years, since evangelical teaching by the Committee of the Leper Miswas introduced into the hospital, about sion, and doubtless ere long there ISO have, it is believed, genuinely ac- will be a place of refuge for these cepted Christ. outcasts. Conditions are favorable with regard to a grant of land; in- In Korea, as everywhere through- deed, the authorities have unexpectedout the world, the leper is regarded ly and promptly given help with reas an unclean creature, to be despised gard to the transfer to the mission of and driven away from the haunts of an island admirably adapted to the men. Here, we are told, in cold purpose.':' weather they crawl into the flues which run under the houses, and are * The society needs special gifts to the amount often frightfully burned, and the ac- of about $GOO for this purpose. Owing to the cumulation of soot does not add either famine in India, which affects the lepers more to their health, their comfort, or their than any other class, the society's funds are appearance. They are clad in rags, heavily taxed to provide food for the 4,000 lepers and are truly outcasts, despised and and children daily depel1dent upon its help. It is shunned by all. only by special gifts for the purpose, therefore. that extensions such as those in Korea and Siam It is in keeping with the ex- can be carried out. The treasurer of the Mission to Lepers for U. S. A. is l<"'leming H. Revell, Esq., 156 Fifth Avenue, New York. The chairmal1 of the committee is William SchieffelinJ Esq.

GIVING *

BY REV. J. H. JOWETT, D.O. Pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York City ~"J ESUS sat down over ment, to remember that our audience rJ against the treasury, is the living Christ, and that our least ~ and beheld how the endeavors are witnessed by "Him who multitude cast money sitteth upon the throne." into the treasury." They were all uncon- As the revelation of the unobserved scious of the Observer. Observer invests life with a rare sol- enmity and dignity, so it also fills it They came in the morning, and they with a passionate intensity. Barrie knew not that the Lord of the morn- says that the remembrance of Stevening was interested in all their doings. son acted upon him like a literary con- They came up to the Temple in many science, condemning all clumsy and moods; seriously, flippantly, in pride, careless work, and girding the loins in humility, with the mesmeric influ- of his mind and soul to pursue the last ence of the world upon them, or pos-' line and hue of the most radiant ideal. sest by the solemn, awful hush of So must it be when we are conscious the Eternal; a motley crowd, none of that we work under the observation them realizing that the eyes of the of the King, under "the great Task- Stranger were the seat of judgment, master's eye," whose heart craves for and that the hidden secrets of the soul the gift of finished work; we shall were trooping out in the clear light surely be intense in our labor, and we of the eternal day. shall do it with all our heart, and mind, and soul, and strength. Still He sits "over against the treasury," still do those vigilant, all-seeing The Judgment of Christ eyes follow the worshiper to the Temple, visit the merchant on the ex- Let me turn to the judgment of the change, peer into the office, and gaze unobserved Observer as recorded in around the home. It is a deepening these experiences at the treasury. He and a fertilizing fact when we can sat down over against the treasury pierce the thin veil and discern the and watched the worshipers as they s<.,cred Presence. It is a staggering brought their contributions to the supmoment when the soul awakes to the port of the Temple and the care of immanent presence of God. First of the poor. It will not be difficult to a1l, it invests life with a strange imagine some of the crowd who passed solemnity. Life is no longer an un- before the Savior's eyes. Human watched vagrancy. It can no longer nature was the same then as now. be furtive. We are under observation. Fashions of thought are ever chang- Nothing can be done in a corner. The ing, essential life remains the same. inch becomes allied to the infinite, the The fickle seasons alter the colors of private byway becomes the highway of the landscape; its general contours the Lord. This consciousness will fill abide. Take the crowd that goes to the common seasons of life with a church to-day, and with slightly difstrange solemnity. fering modes you have the crowd that went up to the Temple in the days of In the second place, this sense of the our Lord. Look upon two of the mysterious and interested Observer in- types. vests life with a majestic dignity. The audience can make or mar the artistic; Here comes Dives. He is somewhat the spectators make great achievement haughty and supercilious, "clothed in possible. What space and glory it purple and fine linen," and most evigives to the science and art of living, dently "faring sumptuously every to individual purpose and achieve- day." If we are walking in the crowd *" Condensed from lvIen and Missions. The complete article may be obtained in pamphlet form from The Laymen's Missionary Movement, 1 Madison Avenue, New York.

and are anywhere near him, we may First: Mere living becomes real life overhear snatches of most familiar speech. "Trade very bad!" "Taxes when it becomes sacrificial. So long heavy!" "Innumerable calls!" "Terrible losses!" "Don't know what the as we remain among the superfluities country is coming to!" "Have to retrench and reduce all around!" But if we are in the shadowy realm of exwe could hear a deeper speech, even the speech of the heart, we might hear istence, and we have not yet begun to a different story. At any rate, superstition is not quite dead, and Dives live. Christ does not begin His regards the treasury as in some way a custodian of his own wealth; a little reckoning, we do not come within the charity is a good investment, it may conciliate good fortune, and hedge him range of the heavenly standards, until about with hallowed serenity. So he drops his loud-sounding gift into the all superfluities have been peeled and coffers; and the eyes of Judgment are looking on. stript away. The things that we can But here comes a widow, known by spare carry no blood. The things that her garb of sorrow; a "poor widow," as is evidenced by her faded dress and we can ill spare carry part of ourwasted face. Her eyes are fixt upon the ground, or when she lifts them selves, and are alive. "He that spared they have that far-away look which sorrow so often brings. Perhaps as not his own Son," the One he could she goes she is repeating to herself some of the psalms of the sanctuary. not spare, gave Himself with the gift, Perhaps we might overhear her saying this: "It was too painful for me. until and in the wealth of the sacrifice our I went into the sanctuary!" She carries something in her hand, "even all redemption was born. her living," and she quietly, almost stealthily, but gratefully, drops it into Here is a man who can spare five the treasury; and the eyes of Judgment are looking on! "And He called dollars for the foreign field. He has unto him his disciples, and said unto them, Verily I say unto you, This no hesitation about the offering. Nay, poor widow cast in more than all they that are casting into the treasury: for he can even relegate the matter to a they all did cast in of their snperfluity, but she of her want did cast in all that clerk, and on the recurring days the she had, even all her living." There the woman stands, with her two mites amount is paid with the regularity of in her hand, and the generations come and go, but her figure and her sacrifice the sunrise. It occasions him little or will never fade away. She gave "two mites which make a farthing," and no thought. He is dealing with supershe achieved unconscious immortality. fluities, with the mere selvage of the The Principles of Christ web, and the forceful riches of life Let us leave the external fashion of the narrative, and grip the principles remain untouched. But he has has that abide, the principles on which the Master shapes eternal judgment. one son, the pride. of his heart, the hupe of his life. One day a strange fire is kindled in the lad's heart, and a strange light comes into his eyes, and the lad knows himself to be called of God to the foreign field. "Father, I want to be a missionary!" The light fades out of the father's sky and the hopes of a life tumble down like tem- ples built in dreams! "I want to go away!" "Take now thy son, thine only son, whom thou lovest and offer him for a burnt-offering upon one of the mountains which I will tell thee of." That is the experience which shatters. That is where existence ripens into life. The five dollars were given, and nothing with them. The· lad was given, and a life went with him; and there were blood-marks all along the way. It is the things we can't spare which make our offerings alive.

You hear a call to service. An appeal is made for workers among the children of disadvantage and want.

You say you have no time to spare.

12] SACRIFICIAL GIVING 37

Perhaps if you had much time to spare There is money and money. We are the Master could not use it. I mean are told that "a pound's a pound who- that if you had superfluities you might ever gives it," whether Dives, who is treat them as superfluities, and they burdened with abundance, or a widow, would be impotent for service. "I can who is surrendering her aIL" "A easily spare half an hour! I shall be pound's a pound whoever gives it!"

delighted to offer that!" No, it's the 1 have come to regard such speech a.s half hour we can't easily spare for the most perilous and deadly nonsense.

which our Master is hungry. You A pound may be a pound, whoever say you have been "teaching all the gives it, if you are only going to build week," and it would be "hard lines" to a stable; but a pound may greatly dif- teach again on Sunday! Just because fer from another pound if you are it would be "hard lines," and just be- going to build the city of God. In cause it would cost you something, and these realms material gifts become just because the offering would be shrines, and they may be full or empty blood-money, it would tell tremen- of mystic spiritual power. I have dously in the treasury of the Lord. It come to believe that, if a spiritual is when you get home from your work presence can tenant a material body, at night, and there's a cheery fire in it is not incredible that a spiritual the grate, and the promise of slip- influence can accompany a material pered ease, and inviting music is at gift. In these realms the character of hand, or an alluring book is at your the giver determines the. momentum elbow; and you feel the grip and the of his gift. If there be a sacrifice in fascination of it all; and then you the giver there will be spiritual power hear the cry of human need, like a in the gift All our offerings….:…of moaning wind down a dreary street; strength, or time, or money~have and you rise, tired tho you are with their virtue conditioned by the sacri~ honest work, and you put on your fice which gave them birth. There· coat again, and you go out into the fore, by this reasoning, the poor widow cheerless night, and to a stilI more may give more than Dives; the lesser cheerless slum, to take Christ and gift may be more effective than the cheer to the victim of night-it is then greater. Every pound is not lIke every you begin to live and to raise others other pound, nor do similar words al- from the dead. It is the hour cut ways carry the same force, 'nor do two out of the vital day; it is that piece half-hours denote the same signifi- of time cut right out of your warm, cance. "God is a God of knowledge, sweet home-life and given to the poor and by Him actions are weighed" ; and that will be the season of miracles, similar things carry different poten- for "if a grain of wheat fall into the tialities, for it is in proportion to sac- earth and die it bringeth forth much rifice that our Jeeds become effective.

fruit." You can spare fifty cents! It This sacrificial life is born, not of is the money you can't spare which caprice, but of abiding principle. The bears the hall-mark of Calvery and lack of principle makes any life a thing is the minister of redemptive life. It of tags and ends, of shreds and is when our giving, whether of patches; it is consistent principle money, or strength, or time, touches which makes life a vesture without the quick that it becomes vital, and seam. That is true of the entire circle, existence passes into life, and we share of human relationships. No sovereign the travail of our Lord and Savior principle, no steady stream of service!

Tesus Christ. ' So it is in the more inward realms . Now I may more clearly enunciate of offering and service in the King- the first principle, viz" that it is sac- dom of our Lord. If there be no rifice that changes living into life, and abiding principle life will be charac- say that it is sacrifice that makes all terized by moral spasms, by feverish deeds effective. eruption, by arbitrariness and caprice;

there will be no uniform glow, no to flow; "that I may know Him consistent sacrifice. The abiding principle may be devotion to a sentiment, . and the fellowship of his or devotion to an ideal, or devotion to a moral crusade, or devotion to a great suffering !" and commanding personality. Everybody knows, for it is the sublime com- This is the assured and certain order. monplace of Christian teaching, that in the realm of the Kingdom the abi- It is devotion to the Christ that opens ding principle is love and devotion to out the central depths and channels the Lord Jesus Christ. It is in loyalty to Him, in affection for Him, that we of the life, and springs of vitality are find the source of Christian liberality and sacrifice. "We love, because He unloosened in strong and ceaseless first loved us." When we begin to know Him the river of sacrifice begins service. Such is the order proclaimed by Paul, and such the order pro- claimed by Peter and John. "Par- takers of the divine nature," that is the beginning; "partakers of the suf- ferings of Christ," that is the se- quence; "partakers of glory," that is the inconceivable end.

CHRISTIAN UNITY IN CHINA * THE DEMAND FOR AN INTERDENOMINATIONAL MISSION PLAN I*.AJ. -MOVEMENT has been The new era in China is develop- ing such changes in conditions tI1ere started in behalf of that no longer will the foreigner be looked upon as an enemy. Foreign uniting Christian mis- ways are rapidly becoming the ways of China. China will demand an sionary forces in China. adequate system of education discon- nected with her traditional history. The plan was presen ted The Chinese wilI soon recognize that they have no religion adequate to at a conference of rep- meet the requirements of a great na- tion. No longer will Christianity be resentatives of the for- despised. Intelligent Chinese will seek Christian books and periodicals eign missionary board of North Amer- for answers to questions that crowd upon them regarding education, morica, held in New York, January 29, als and religion. There will be a persistent demand for Christian misto consider the present situation in sionaries and the institutions for which they stand. "We may expect China. Dr. James L. Barton deliv- that effort will be made to give Chris- tianity some official standing in the ered an address, in which he re- country. Christian forces must be organized to meet such propositions viewed Chinese conditions and pro- and prevent action that wiII na- tionalize its name and form while posed united action by the missionary crushing out its spirit and life."

forces of alI Protestant denominations The Status of Chinese Missions operating in China. Dr. Barton's "Few in touch with the missionary forces to-day in different parts of plan was referred to the Committee China wiIl deny that there is ample ground for the conclusion that misof Reference and Counsel. This com- mittee is expected to report to the various mission boards which it rep- resents, and the prospect is favorable for indorsement and united action as soon as proper consideration can be given to the matter. The success of the plan lies with five denominations controlling a large majority of the Protestant missions in China, the Baptist, Congregational, Episcopal, Methodist and Presbyterian. If the plan of union is adopted, Dr. Barton says that "the final outcome would probably be one Protestant Church for all China."

* From The Congregationalisl.

CHRISTIAN UNITY IN CHINA

sion work in that country is rapidly . 2 to I9 missionaries, including wives approaching a period more revolu- and single women, they together hav- tionary in character than that through ing a total of but 47 ordained mis- which Japan passed between the years sionaries, or 177, including ordained 1870 and 1880, and vastly more criti- men, wives and single women-an cal because of the size and strength average for all China of less than II of the country involved. Christen- each. This leaves the larger and dom and its missionary societies should more influential American Missionary have learned much from its experi- societies working in China only 17, ences in Japan a generation ago. Of with a total missionary force inclu- this we may be sure, revolution in ding wives and single women, of China is rolling that vast empire out I ,549, of whom 460 .are ordained; from its conservative and secluded this is 80 per cent. of the entire past into the light of the twentieth American missionary forces in China century, and with twentieth-century and 89 per cent. of the ordained men.

methods must the Church meet these "It is an interesting fact that back conditions. of these I7 societies there stand pri- "Let me consider a few salient marily only five leading communions, facts regarding the Protestant forces here named in the order of their now operating in China and available strength: Presbyterian, Methodist, to meet the demands of the immediate Baptist, Episcopalian, Congregational.

future, and back of which stand the These five communions control I AOI strength of the Protestant Church. of the I,8I2 American missionaries It is impossible for us here to review in China and 4I3 of the 5I7 ordained the work of our Roman Catholic men. In other words, these five com- brethren, with whom we have not yet munions have about 78 per cent. of been able to find much common the American missionary forces work- ground for fraternal cooperation. ing in China. At the same time it Their lines of work differ widely should be borne in mind that of the from our own. At present, at least, remaining 22 per cent. about 2 per we must agree to work separately, cent. are connected with interdenom- altho, not necessarily. as competitors. inational societies, and of the remain- "The World's Atlas of Christian ing 20 per cent. some are already Missions reports that there are 41 working in close cooperation with American and Canadian Protestant the boar?s representing these leading societies carrying on Christian work commU!1lons.

in China, 18 British and 14 Continen- "If we analyze the personnel of the tal societies, making a total of 73 eighteen British Protestant societies separate and distinct missionary so- we find that practically the same con- cieties. For the present we wiII con- ditions prevail, with the exception sider only the American boards. that the five communions already "Of the 4I societies named, 7 are in- named control 925 of the entire Brit- terdenominational, namely, the Amer- ish missionary force in China num- ican Bible Society, the Young Men's bering 1,065, and 268 out of 278 or- Christian Association, Young Wom- dained men. The two Bible societies, en's Christian Association, Canton entirely interdenominational, direct 37 Christian College, University Medical of the remaining 140 missionaries, Mission, Woman's Union Missionary leaving only about I I per cent. of the Society of America and the Yale .British missionary body in China not Foreign Missionary Society. This under control of the five leading- com- leaves 34 societies that are either de- munions already named, some of nominational or that partake of that whom are now in close and friendly character. cooperation.

"Of these 34 remaining societies, "To return to the consideration of 17 have each in the field only from the American societies working in

China, we find that any new and ef~ We believe in the Chinese Church, self- controlled, self-supported and self-profective plans for cooperation to meet pagating, to become independent of for- eign domination, itself the leader in the new conditions in China must be organizing and directing agencies of its own crefltion under God for the Chrisbrought about by the societies repre- tianization of the empire.

senting the various branches in Amer- We believe that the modern education of the Chinese as a whole must be acica of the Presbyterian. Methodist, complished at the expense of the Chinese themselves; at the same time we ate Baptist, Episcopal and Congregational agreed that as a means of implanting communions. They hold the key to Christian truths and ideals in the minds and hearts of the youth during the the situation here, as also they do in formative period of their lives there is Great Britain. no agency more potent and permanent than the Christian teacher. We are It is in order to ask at this point therefore agreed that it is a legitimate part of missionary work to prepare for how much and how little these com- this service selected Chinese students for both missionary and government schools. munions at the present time have in As a natural development from this common in their policy and method common belief, Dr. Barton presented a definite plan for united action which may of propagating Christianity among be summarized in the following pro- posals: the Chinese. Let us here suggest a The Plan in Outline few of the fundamentals which, it 1. Union in Chltrch Conferences. The seems to me, we unitedly and habit- union in conference and association, or whatever name may be used, of Chinese ually adv!)cate and practise. These churches of all communions as a single body bearing no denominational name. should constitute a common starting 2. Publication. Union of all compoint for more active cooperation.':: munions in the preparation and publica- tion of new literature now demanded. Belief in Common ,3. Union in Theological, Collegia,te and We believe God is the father of the Medical Education. Complete ul1Ion of Chinese as well as of the European, and work already auspiciously begun in that because of His great love for the places in which theological, collegiate world, including Chinese, He sent His Son and medical education are going on unto earth. der auspices wholly interdenominational.

We believe every Chinese is in need 4. Union N or11lal Traininf! Schools. In of the saving knowledge of Jesus Christ each of the principal provinces of China as revealed in His gospel and proclaimed a thoroughly equipped and manned by the apostles. Christian normal training school.

We believe the Old and New Testa- 5. Union Annual Meetings. Missionment contains the supreme revelation of aries and native Christians working in God to men, and that it should be uni- common areas, organize annual or more 'versally preached and distributed in frequent meetings at which policies printed form in the vernacular of China. would be considered, plans devised, esti- mates passed on and executive and other We believe in the power of the gospel committees created. lived and practised by godly men and women and orally proclaimed in the lan- 6. Boord of Strategy. Practical plans guage of the people to transform indi- devised for complete survey of the needs vidual lives to regenerate society and of China as relates to reenforcements, to provide' a safe foundation for the occupancy and special needs and departstate. ments.

vVe believe in the preparation and dis- "A measure of union has been acsemination of a Christian literature in languages understood by the Chinese complished already in some of the an'd prepared to meet the needs of the Chinese mind. lines suggested. It is now proposed We believe in the value and potency to render more complete and effective of the medical missionary for the demonstration of Christianity ;;md for the relief such efforts. The key to the situation of physical suffering. rests with the proposed board of We believe in the necessity of providing a Christian education in all grades strategy, to whom would be comand for both sexes, from kindergarten to the normal school, the college and the mitted the task of working out the theological seminary or training school, for implanting Christian principles in the minds of the young, for raising up Christian leaders in all trades and professions, and for creating for the Church of Christ in China an adequate and efficient Christian leadership.

EDEA-SAKBA YEME

practical details. Of this Dr. Barton pushing every form of missionary said: operations in China. Such a board would keep the societies and churches "There ought to be some practical at home informed, would have great plan devised by which we may have influence in the general direction of laid before us in due time a complete the work on the field, and would survey of the needs of China as re- finally become the central united body lates to reenforcements, occupancy, through which each missionary board and the needs of special depart- could bring all of its resources to ments. This might be brought about bear upon the work in every departby the creation of a board of strategy, ment. It might also become an agency or whatever it may be called, com- for the use of individual and indeposed of representatives of the mis- pendent gifts. The possibilities of sionary societies working in that coun- what might be accomplished in China try, whose duty it should be to se- through such a board properly concure facts and make plans for Prot- stituted can hardly be predicted." estant Christendom to act upon in EDEA-SAKBAYEME * THE WORK OF THE BASEL MISSION IN THE SOUTHERN CAMEROONS TRANSLATED AND CONDENSED BY B. HITCHER, LONDON, ENGLAND.

WENTY_FIVE years point of combat between the Sudan negroes and the Fang tribes pushing mT ago the Basel Mission forward from the south and southeast, began its work in the a mixture of various tribes is found newly acquired German here, scattered throughout the wooded territory of the Came- uplands and primeval forests. Every roons, and after the ini- village has its hereditary chief, whose tial difficulties, which power is absolute, except when the were very trying, had been over- fetish priest has cunningly succeeded come, a decade of such rapid de- in obtaining a share of it. Ordeals, velopment was experienced as to tax along with other revolting practises, the resources of the society to the prevail, and the lives of these peoples uttermost. Accordingly, the Home are dominated by superstitious fears, Board withheld their sanction from especially with regard to the spirits further extensions and directed their of their ancestors. An indis'pensable reenergies to the consolidation of their quirement at funeral ceremonies is the work in the parts already occupied. sacrifice of a goat, without which the But in course of time the force of cir- departed can not obtain entrance into cumstances, combined with the eager the realm of death. attitude of the inland tribes on the one hand, a Roman propaganda on Owing to the proximity of the sea the other, required farther advance and the numerous river-courses the into the Hinterland. climate is damp, and during the month of October a thick fog generally The new forward movement began covers the land. As a rule, July is from the station of Edea, on the Sa- the coldest and February the warmest naga River, in South Cameroons. The month. The low-lying marshy dispopulation, both here and higher up tricts are covered with mangroves, the river, consists of the Bakoko and while in the wooded uplands wine Basa tribes and belongs to the Bantu palms and oil palms abound. group. But as South Cameroons is a * From Evangelische Missionen.

The Basel Society attempted to dience, the youngsters soon came to reach the unknown tribes of the Hin- enjoy the hours at school, and the. deterland along the course of the great sire for improvement, once awakened, Sanaga River, which has its outlet into proved strong enough to fill the schools the ocean opposite the island of Fer- with eager learners. MeanwhHe the nando Po. favorable situation of Edea had been discovered by government and by In the year 1892 the station of commerce. Public buildings arose; a Lobetal was founded on the lower wide road was constructed across the Sanaga, and extensive itineraries were wooded uplands; trading firms estabundertaken from this point in the di- lished agencies; while in military rection of the upper reaches of the quarters the strategical importance of river, which led to the formation of the place attracted attention. another station-Edea-at the Sanaga Falls. Beyond these falls the river In consequence of these developwas not navigable, owing to rapids ments there was an ever-increasing and cataracts, and farther advance up- demand for teachers, and the forma- tion of out-stations was ever growing. stream involved personal danger as But these extensions brought drawwell, in consequence of the hostile at- backs of their own in necessitating titude of the inland tribes. the acquisition of a new dialect, while the dispersion of the tribes over wide Their refusal to submit to the Ger- areas, and their frequent migrations man Government necessitated a series (under the influence of superstitious of expeditions and years of hard fears) rendered the efficient working fighting. When their subjection was of the schools almost impossible. at length accomplished, it was found In the end the Board determined (in practicable to establish among them I902) to establish another main staa number of missionary outposts and tion at Sakbayeme, on the Sanato man them with native teachers, ga, situated considerably higher upaltho this was not accomplished with- stream, in the center of the Basa disout much trouble and obstruction. trict. This move proved a great suc- cess. Applications for teachers poured Hostilities between the various in from all quarters, even from distribes were of almost constant occur- tricts hitherto inaccessible. and at the rence, while falsehood, venegefulness close ot the second year of its formaand lawless indulgence characterized tion the station was in full working their private relations, and polygamy order among 300 catechumens and exhibited its baneful effects upon fam- I,600 school children, so as to necesily life. They had dealings with the sitate the supply of reenforcements. trader, or the crafty Duala as inter- Between the autumn of I902, when mediary, but found themselves gen- the first services were held in a primierally overreached. The aged people tive hut (which had to do service for clung with stubborn obstinacy to the dwelling as well), and the autumn of customs of their fathers, and to their 1907, when the dedication of the superstitious fears, and could not be church took place, the progress has persuaded to listen to a talk about been striking. religion. But· among the young a promising field presented itself, and Thus the labors of the Basel Misas soon as the missionaries had gained sion in the Cameroons have extendentrance among the tribes and, to some ed their uplifting, civilizing influence extent, won their confidence, no ob- more and more into the interior, and stacle was put in their way for bring- the missionary sees ample evidence of ing the children under instruction. the power of the Gospel, in giving The people began gradually to recog- light to them that sit in darkness, and nize the dawn of a new era, and altho to guide their feet into the way of it meant hard work at first, to bring peace. those hitherto accustomed to lawless idleness into habits of order and obe-

EDITORIALS

TDEATH OF DR. ISAAC K. FUNK Surely, in the "King's Business" HE honored president of the pub- there is need of as careful study and lishing house of Funk & Wag- as intelligent application of these prinnails Company, N ew York and Lon- ciples to the work as in any worldly don, was suddenly called Home, on enterprise. How can the principles of Thursday, April 4th, at his home in scientific management be applied to missionary work? Montclair, N. J. Mr. Funk was 72 I. By a minute and careful study years of age, having been born in Clif- of conditions, methods, men, forces ton, 0., on September I9, I839. He lived an active and useful life, and and results. was interested in many educational, 2. By the introduction of time, religious and business enterprises. labor and money-saving devices. Vhy After his graduation from Witten- should these be introduced in the home berg College and Seminary he entered offices and churches and not on the the ministry of the Lutheran Church, mission fields? Why should a misand was for some years pastor of St. sionary who is capable of earning Matthew's Evangelical Church in $5,000 a year, and who is overwhelmed Brooklyn, N. Y. As editor-in-chief of with work, be obliged to spend his the Standard Dictionary and other valuable time and strength in doing works, and as publisher of the Liter- the work of a $500 clerk? ary Digest, Homiletic Review, and MISSIONARY REVIEW, Dr. Funk has 3. Adequate financial support for exerted a wide influence. He was an the work in hand. Missionaries do ardent prohibitionist and a strong ad- not work for money, but they are vocate of "simplified spelling." His constantly hampered by lack of funds genial personality and genuine inter- for themselves and the work entrusted est in men and affairs gave Dr. Funk to them. a wide circle of friends and acquaintances. His departure leaves a great 4. In home offices salaries are blank that can not be filled. adjusted as nearly as possible to meet a man's needs and to ni- SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT IN move all cause for financial anxiety. In the foreign field it is not so. A . MISSIONS bare living salary is the basis, and if a missionary has a large family, only T HE modern ideas and methods of God can relieve him of financial wor- scientific management are said to ries that distract the mind and lessen have revolutionized some lines of business, and to have produced most efficiency. satisfactory results. Is there a need 5. Proper care of health and periods for the introduction of more "efficiency methods" in the business of of rest. As a rule, in the larger soextending the Kingdom of God? cieties this is carefully studied. Each climate and mission station must be Scientific management means the studied as to the character of buildconduct of a business with strict refer- ings, surroundings, periods of rest and ence to economy and efficiency. For food and clothing required to maintain this purpose every detail of the work the human organism in its best condiis studied with the view to saving of tion for services. On the contrary, we time, money, material and energy. The know of some missions where no workers are also studied with refer- proper attention is paid to these deence to temperament, ability, health, tails, where furloughs are long oversurroundings and incentives to greater fidelity, increased energy, and cheerful due, where there is no rest-home for cooperation. wearied workers, and where false economy murders efficiency. 6. Students of scientific manage-

ment have discovered that 21 y~ For scientific management in mis- pounds is the most efficient shovel load sions we must study God's laws as re- for a workman, and that 92 pounds is vealed in His Word and in the work the proper amount for a man to carry. of His servants. We must study con- Do we study as carefully the loads ditions a'nd methods and learn the placed upon missionaries? If we did most that we can learn from experi- fewer men and women would break ence. There is, however, this differ- down. One would not be doing the ence between material and spiritual work of two, and appeals for help work. In the latter only God can truly would not be in vain. How many judge the results, and only He can sup- good servants of the King have been ply the real power. God's ideals are killed by being overloaded! not man's, and the Holy Spirit is the 7. The proper tools, appliances and only power that can make man's work buildings for work is a most important efficient. "It is required in stewards item. With bricklayers it was dis- that a man be found faithful"-not covered that a certain kind of hod successful, but faithfulness includes a brought increased efficiency, and that careful study of methods, conditions, men saved time by not being obliged ideals and results, and a devotion of all to stoop at their task. Is as much our energies to God's work.

careful study given to the small de- THE EFFICIENCY TEST tails of missionary work? Advance- S ment has been made in text-books, HOULD every man's work be subjected to the test of efficiency typewriters, literature, stereopticons, industrial and medical appliances, but according to human standards? This there is room for improvement. is the tendency 1ll business, and it is 8. Competition is a large item in advocated in church and missionary business success. One employer pro- work. Can such a man "make duced excellent results by inspiring good"? Is he capable as a public riyalry between various nationalities speaker, writer, teacher, or linguist?

to prove which was most efficient. The Is any church or mission fortunate publicity given missionary reports in- that secures his services? Such are troduces this element in Christian the inquiries by which a man's value work-not always in a wholesome is tested.

way. The efficiency standard is often mis- g. Cooperation. The division of applied and sometimes disastrous. It labor and tasks apportioned according does not take into account long and to ability, yet all working for one end faithful service, or the errancy of hu- and according to one general plan, are man judgment. We know a man who essential to produce the best results. gave his best years and most earnest We are working toward this, but the endeavors to a religious organization goal is still far distant. and helped to build it up from roo Recognition of merit. Every nothing to wide-spread usefulness.

workman appreciates commendation. Then came a change of management, In the world most men labor for a and this man's abilities and claims material reward, in the work for God were ignored because he was not our highest ambition should be the sufficiently aggressive and modern in Master's "well done." But there are his methods. He was crowded out legitimate rewards in Christian work without recognition of his past serv- -the commendation of a comrade, the ices or future opportunities.

honor given to knowledge, experience God places no premium on in- and faithfulness, the help rendered in efficiency or lack of fidelity, nor could response to an appeal; above all, the His Church be satisfied with less than satisfaction of a consciousness of a the best; but there is a value in work well done and a Master well honesty, sobriety, reliability, good pleased. will, spirituality, cheerfulness, gratitude, love, that no human efficiency importance and proportions. It is test can estimate. Those who make all inclusive and demands study, hard of men machines, physical and men- work, world-wlae SYI,lljathies and tal, and gage their value by their output, are like the African savages, heroic courage; (3) that the work who put their aged and infirm men of the Church can not be done by and women to death because they can no longer till the soil, hunt man alone and will not be done hy game or go to war. Cod alone, but 1l1Llst be done ily surrendered men empowered and Fortunately, this standard has not yet been generally adopted by the directed by God; (4) that Chris- Christian Church, and will not be. The tians of different names and creeds tendency is to demand higher ideals can and must get together and work in service and greater devotion of time and money talents to God's work. together to solve these problems Let us at the same time emphasize that confront us; (5) that the camspiritual attainments above mental and paign is but the initiation of the physical and let us estimate success effort to lift up Christ and draw all more by eternal measurements than by. temporal, human standards. the world to Him. The strength of many features THE MEN AND RELIGION of the program can only be dis- MOVEMENT covered by an adequate test, but the general ideals can not be improved T HIS continental campaign comes upon: (I) Bible study as the first to a close with a Conservation essential for the intelligent Christian's Congress in New York City, April faith and practise; (2) the conversion 19th to 24th. It is hoped, however, of the individual by the regeneration that this is but the beginning of the forward movement that has been of the Holy Spirit; (3) the winning • inaugurated in many churches. of the youth in order to insure Chris- There have been some criticisms of the plan and principles of the tian manhood; (4) the duty of movement, and some misgivings lest man to his neighbor in things both it prove unspiritual and spasmodic. temporal and spiritual; (5) church Only God Himself can rightly judge extension to needy communities; the results, but there are many causes (6) world-wide responsibility and for thanksgiving and hopefulness in systematic service; (7) continued cothe awakening that has taken place operation of all Christians in God's in many men, churches and cities. The leaders have, as a rule, been work. earnest, devoted, spiritually minded The suggestions given to consermen. They have been criticized more for what has been left unsaid vation committees will take a gener.athan for what they have said, and tion or more to work out, but they more from hearsay than from personal testimony. The critics have are practical and Scriptural. been those who have' stayed outside. Mr. Don O. Shelton, president of Whatever else this movement has the National Bible Institute, suggests done or has not done, it has made the following tests by which we can this impression wherever it has been measure the true value of these Forsupported: (I) That Christian life ward Movements: and service is a man's job, worth all that a man can put into it; (2) 1. Does the movement stand out that the religion of Christ .and the spokenly and unequivocally for the Di- Kingdom of God is of unlimited vine inspiration and authority of the Scriptures?

2. Is it manifest that the movement has grown out of a sincere desire to glorify Jesus Christ and Him only?

3. Does the movement proclaim boldly the Deity of Jesus Christ. the necessity of regeneration by the Holy Spirit and the iustification of men by faith in Jesus Christ? "For other 'Good News' there is none. . . . But if we or an angel from heaven should bring you a Good News different from that which we have already called for one universal Christian brought you, let him be accurst. . . . Church of China-at least, among the It was not from man that I received or Protestants-but that the representalearned it, but by a revelation from Jesus tives and constituents at home held Christ." (Gal. 1:7, 8, 12, Weymouth's them back. vVe are forced to believe translation. ) that there is too much truth in this statement, and it is a burning shame! 4. Does the movement seek the affiliation of men who discard or deny the es- The time has passed when intellisentials of the Christian faith as plainly gent members of one denomination declared in the New Testament? refuse to recognize those of other sects as members of the Great Church 5. Does the movement make the salva- of Christ. Baptists will not deny tion of men through Jesus Christ its that the immersed believers are true supreme objective? Christians, neither will Episcopalians deny that the Gospel is preached by 6. Is it evident that the men who lead those outside of their accepted "aposthe movement place their chief reliance tolic succession." God has too clearly for fruitage on the proclamation of "the manifested His own approval of the faith once for all delivered to the saints" work of all denominations to permit and on the power of the Holy Spirit, men to draw distinctions which the rather than on a well-organized press Almighty does not recognize. bureau, ingenious methods of advertising, and the use of the names of men of vVe believe it is true that the definancial and political prominence? nominational spirit fostered, and of- ten forced, upon the mission fields is 7. Does the movement conspicuously holding back the coming of the Kingand continually aim to exalt the Lord dom of God. Who is responsible? Jesus Christ, rather than "religion?" It is a heavy responsibility .to as- "Christ is all." (Col. 3:11). "Neither is sume. It is not enough to argue that there any other name under heaven that there is spiritual unity, and that the is given among men, wherein we must only diversity is in form and method. be saved." (Acts 4: 12). It is not true. There is no true spiritual unity where workers refuse Ve believe that every so-called Chris- to cooperate, or where two missions tian movement should be subjected to are doing a work which one might do the foregoing tests. If any movement is not found wanting when these tests are while other districts are neglected. applied, we believe it has in it the life It is not necessary that every church of Christ and will grow and bring forth and mission, every school and hosfruit to His glory. pital, should be run on the same lines.

The Men and Religion Movement may not measure up to each of these and has not presented a solution of re- ligious and social problems, but it has aroused many sleeping and in- active church-members to a sense of their obligation to God and their fellow men.

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE? PROGRESS IN SIAM AND MALAYSIA ARE we as Christians praying, A COMPARISON of the statistical working, giving to establish the tables published in this number Church of Christ in all the world, or and those of ten years ago shows that are we each seeking to establish in Siam and Laos the societies at work churches of our own peculiar denom- remain the same, and ·there has been ination? This is not a formal ques- very little increase in mission force or tion for academic discussion, but a native helpers. The native Christian practical point of vital importance. Church has increased 50 per cent. In At a recent conference of missiona- British Malaysia and Dutch East Inries and secretaries to discuss the out- dies the missionaries have increased look and opportunity in China, it is from 300 to 890, the native helpers stated that there was a general agree- from 1,553 to 3,136, and the Christian ment that the missionaries and Chris- communicants from 37,746 to 352,54I, tians on the field were convinced that or nearly tenfold. the interests of the Kingdom of God

MISSIONARY STATISTICAL TABLES FOR SIAM, MALAYSIA, AND DUTCH EAST INDIES *

THE GENERAL AND EVANGELISTIC WORK -DA-U FOltllIGIt' MISSIOIt'AIlIEI NATIVII WORKERS STATIOit'S CHRISTIAN C01UnlNITY AND CONTRIBUTIONS Physicians -u=oc,:) .

.=0. ~e =..,! .. …., cl.£ = =-~… 0 I .~ .. 'd'Upc::<~j< ….. .., ~'2 i! ,~ "a0=.. ~P- I~II ..=0 'lii ~= :igl>~< ..0. .-……~…~.;":~t;f = C;=g~ Jg:&;- ..'0..c:. :.".:.;.I. ..,~ .DI=.l.l.. <t: "0"_ ,..",,,," ~ ~0 ..~0~s'=l".l, ~la .=~ ..,! .~~~ ~.~ iii ~o.~.l/ Z .r~ U. COUNTRIES AND SOCIETIES 'Ii! .'i~ .~ ~ 0 :.=.l.j. ~.!l ….. OJ ~=Il. ~ ..,1>. ~:§ …..:;~ .~ z..,'l;;0~ ;gz 't-t'E~ .. .."~e~ll ~ 1il.., .~ ~ ·.su-~3 ~… 011 S ~ u'a0eiO·!ot"S~: zE_s0-<a§0aU '00 c£1 ~ )1'0 ….·."c.."l,l,., ~'C Z '::tP "[';"l …z.9 .!::"ij "Ii! p=~ti=l':0! -EE-<o 'S..·,h,, ell d" "0 …. ~ …f,t.,~ )lg 0=0 ;.="g.. ~:§-g ]100-.<".~.=0. ." S& p~lI;Dla~ Ei0-:=<SP0~~ 0.. ;>. §-5 .. 0 .. ~a -s'Ii..! 0 E-« .. ~ ec~"l:l;':,".~;.,.iu.~".~. .9" ~ i~ .: :;:§ ~:i 1·I=cl.) 0 ~.9 -E II "tfl <::: 0 )1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 ,17 18 19 20 SIAM AND FRENCH INDO-CHINA American Societies American Baptist Foreign Mission Society•••••••••• 1833 1 -1 — — 1 — — 2 6 6 1 — -4 -23 1-38 1-38 -1 – -37 $80 American Bible Society ••••.••••..•••••.••.•…•••• 1890 1 1 18 8 1 Board of For. Miss., Presbyterian Church in U. S. A. 1840 27 12 2 52 3,400 2,752 1 34 6 155 161 15 75 28 446 4,337 17,046 53 3,437 2,832 9 80 – Totals, 3 American Societies••••…•.••••••••.••••• – 29 13 1 36 9 84 6 169 175 17 15 32 469 4,475 17,184 British Societies – _. – – – – British and Foreign Bible Society•••••••••••••••••• – -. – 1 1 — 2 12 2 1 —— — — – ———– – – – – – – Christian Missions in Many Lands ••••.••.••••.••••• 9 2 -5 ' —4 — – .. 75 .- – – – – – – – – — – – _– – – Society for the Propagation of the Gospel•••.••••••• 5 – – -1 6 '– 9 – -2 32 469 – – – – —- – – – – Totals, 3 British Societies…………………….. 177 4 -1892 1 -, , —- 1 41 1 — — ——–I 1 — — – I- 21 ——– 1 – "– 2 – – – – – – – – – —- Grand Totals, 6 Societies…………………….. 12 30 13 r- ' – – 1 7 1 4,475 17,184 35 3,437 2,832 — 6 96 BRITISH MALAYSIA American Societies – Board of For. Miss., Methodist El.isc~al Church 1••• 1885 13 – 2 11 10 – – 36 3 183 186 8 -13 32 1-23 1,870 *7,480 35 1,074 $2,520 Seventh-Day Adventist Mission oar •••••••••••••• 3 2 1 – -7 – -8 – -1 1 41 *164 -1 -6-1 836 ,1-89-4 5 12 10 – – – — — – — Totals, 2 American Societies…………………… _……………… 14 — I t s ,– – 46 4 190 194 9 13 33 123 1,911 1,644 36 1,135 3,356 2 British Societies British and F()1'eign Bible Society……………… 1813 —1 —— —– 4 2 – 7 —- ,- -a17 17 5 – ,– '—— ,—- —- —– —– —- Christian Missions in Many Lands ••••.••••.••••••• 1866 2 1 9 30 -8 -8 5 –3 — – – — 1,338 Church of England Zenana Missionary Society.••••• 1900 12 1 -12 –9 3 1 21 22 327 1,308 11 -81-2 English National Council, For. Dept., Y. M. C. A •• 1902 -1 -3 -1 10 6 1,914 6,500 For. Miss. Com., Presbyterian Church of England ' •• 1857 -2 1 2 1 10 17 Society for the Propagation of the Gospel ••••••••••• 1855 2 12 5 4 8 20 20 6 – -76 82 -I – 18 e– 20 – – –' – 23 23 Totals, 6 British Societies……………………. 15 66 1 122 129 2,241 1,808 11 812 1,338 Continental Societies – – – – – Evangelisch·Lutherische Mission zu Leipzif••••.••••• 1907 1 1 1 11 12 1 10 -1 9 304 516 –1 38 – 1 5 ~ – – 251 706 1 —- 2 —1 6 – – -7 – -1 – -32-6 ~ — 2 –1-7 -1-5 ~ – -63-0 -' – – – – – – – Evangelische Missionsgesellschaft zu Base 6•••••••••.1-90-4t-1 , -1-9 – -2 – – – -38, – — – – – – – – – – – – – – — – – — – – Totals, 2 Continental Societies………………… -2-60 – -1,22-2 – – – — – – — , – – – — ._- I -2 ,— Grand Totals, 10 Societies……………………. 1 22 26 30 114 13 329 342 31 51 57 383 4,182 16,674 48 1,985 4,694 35 DUTCH EAST INDIES American Societies – – – – – Board of Fo – Seventh·Day r. dMviesnst'il s Met!>o~ist Episcopal Church ' •• 1903 3 – 2 5 – 7 -7 – – 3 8 12 350 649 692 2 22 $30 A Board .••••••••••••• 1900 3 9 2 1 6 1 10 160 t M,sslOn 2- 2 2 7 – – – 6 — – —– —- —- — t– 655 1- — – – – – Totals, 2 American Societies……………………………………… ~ 5 2 5 2 14 7 5 8 13 350 698 3 32 190 Continental Societies – – – – – Centraal-Com. voor Seminarie, Batavia ••••••.••••••• 1878 1 – – 1 1 1 4 1- —— —— — ——– ——– ——— 10 —9 – Comite voor Sangir. en Talaut- eHanden ••••.••••••• 1859 12,239 63,739 194 — 22,674 1 11 1 23 267 267 8 107 456 *1,800 – – – – – – Doop~ezinde Vereeniging ……………………. 1847 — 23,950 – – – Itva omite ……………………………….. 1855 8 -1 – 8 17 69 -563 1,882 6 12 25 25 –16 – – – – – – – ederlandsch Bijbelgenootschap ••••••••••••••••••• 1814 6 – 2 5 400 *1,600 – – – – – Neder}andsch Luthersch Genootschaf ..••••..••••••• 1889 2 – 1 1 1 1,163 *9,000 2 13,235 *52,000 – – – Nederlandsche Zendingsvereeniging ••••••.•• " •••• 1899 13 2 4 3 10 14 –24 96 967 1,979 9 4 27 64 64 1 2-15 – – 43,290 107,154 – Nederlandsch Zendelinggenootschap ••••.••••••••••• 1862 14 656 1,673 – – Neukirchener Missionsanstalt •••••••••••••.••••••• 1884 13 1 1 7 17 4 44 – 94 94 14 80 1 14 2 29 81 81 11 31 72,969 240,827 – Rheinische Missionsgesellschaft ••••••••••••.••••••• 1836 92 4-0-7 – 7,178 2 3 85 14 196 31 2,248 2,279 72 407 – – – – – Utrechtsche Zendinf.svereeniging •••••..•••••••••••• 1859 15 90 90 12 86 – 15 30 – – – Zending v. d. Gere. Kerken in Nederland……….. 1860 10 — – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Totals, 12 Continental Societies•••••••••••••••••••• ~ 25 70 70 8 39 3 2 10 184 – g 1 -~ 31 2,939 2,973 150 789 431 7,489 9 24,144 22,674 16 179 26 413 Dutch East Indies Society – – – -, – – – – 23 – – Protestant Church of the Netherlands East Indies .. 23 80 80 – – – 274,135 274,135 – International Society – – – Salvation Army ……………………………. 1894 76 76 12 20 — – – – 10 28 1 16 10 13 440 – – – – – – – –~ ~- – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Grand Totals, 16 Societies ……………………. 167 817 1'- ~ ~ — .. 212 9 1 34 194 41 890 111 3,022 3,136 444 7,839 347,759 515,660 22 24,204 22,864 • Condensed from the World Atlas of Christian Missions, Student Volunteer Movement, New York.

SIAM AND FRENCH INDO.CHINA DUTCH EAST INDIES 1 Colporteurs directly under the supervision of the Bible Society. 1 Includes the data from the Vk)men's Society. BRITISH MALAYSIA • No report for Baptized Christians other than the number of Communicants. 1 Includes the data from the Women's Society. • No report for Baptized Christians other than the numher of Communicants. • Data from Dr. J. W. Gunning. a Colporteurs under the immediate direction of the Bible Society. . 'Commissioned officers. • Not reported. • Chinese work. In printed report included under China Mission. * Estimate. Except in column 17, all estimates are from the societies.

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MISSIONARY NEWS SIAM AND MALAYSIA name will be Sarohan Kasanang, i.e., :Messenger of Peace, and it will be Opportunity in Siam published in K wala Kuron. Since the Dyaks are great readers, it will I T is stated that the sixteen prov- not lack subscribers, it is said. inces of the kingdom of Siam have a population of 6,428,6I9, but this is Laos Christians as Missionaries probably an underestimate. The responsibility for their evangelization is S OME used to suppose that when shared by the Siam Mission of the a "heathen" had been "converted" Presbyterian Church and two families the work in his behalf was finished. of Christian (Campbellite) mission- But more and more the conviction is aries who came from England to spreading that Christian activity is work among the Mohns. The mem- also essential. And so we read with bers of this Burmese tribe who are satisfaction that "in the Chien Rai residents of Siam are 27,260, accord- Presbyterian Church, in North Siam, ing to the last census, tho there were from 40 to 70 people go out every said to be 80,000 of them eigM years Sabbath in bands of four, to preach ago. Then there are some Chinese in outlying villages." Baptists in and near Bangkok, who are regularly visited by a Baptist mis- Anglo-Chinese School in Malaysia sionary to China. Thus, more than 6,000,000 are to be evangelized by the ONE of the most remarkable edu- Presbyterian Siam Mission. Already cational enterprises in the East Siamese evangelists are being em- is that of the American Methodists ployed, and several of them sup- at Penang and Singapore. Many ported on the field. Siamese churches years ago a school was started for are growing and are courageously the sons of English merchants in the striving for self-support. Still, Siam latter city. It grew to large proporis a very needy field at present. tions and was, in every way, remark- ably successful. Then a Chinese Spread of Islam Upon Borneo merchant brought his little boy to the school with the request that he T HE work which the missionaries might be admitted. The authorities of the Rheni~h Missionary So- acceded. The English community, ciety commenced several years ago in however, threatened to withdraw all Kwala Kuron on the River Kayan, English boys in case other than upon the island of Borneo, has gone whites were given a place on the on with much encouragement and school benches. The governing comconsiderable success, but under great mittee went to the leading Chinese difficulties, chiefly caused by continu- merchants in Singapore, explained ous famine and suffering among the the situation, and offered to make somewhat lazy Dyaks and by the their institution over into a school progress of Islam. The interior of for Chinese boys. The merchants the whole country is continually took up the matter and raised a large flooded with Malayo-Mohammedan sum of money for the project. At literature, which greatly impresses its the present time there are some 1,100 readers. The missionaries are now Chinese boys in the Singapore school, planning to meet this danger with and nearly as many in another Ana distinctly Christian magazine. Its glo-Chinese school which was started

on the same lines in Penang. The 2,000,000 subjects count themselves, Chinese merchants in Batavia, Java, and are counted, fortunate under the have negotiated with the Methodists benevolent despot who travels over for a similar school which, we be- the world studying the science of lieve, has already been set in opera- good government, and goes home to tion. apply it. His prinle minister at the present time is Romesh Chandra Dutt, A Chinaman's Generosity whose "Civilization of Ancient India" is a familiar work upon book-shelves A WORKER in the Malay Penin- in all countries, and who is one of sula, writing in Echoes of Service, the enlightened patriots and publicists tells an interesting story of a poor old of India.-The Presbyterian. Chinaman, an inmate of the decrepit ward of the pauper hospital at Kuala Bibles for Indian Students Lumpor. By industry in making baskets he had saved twenty dollars, T HE Bible Society presents the and half of this sum he gave as a Scriptures to all students at Indian freewill offering to God, the remain- universities. Each man, when he ening portion being placed in trust with ters college, is offered a copy of the one of the older Christians against four Gospels and Acts in English; the day of his burial. Yet we still half-way through his course he is hear the reproachful term-"ricc asked to accept an English New Christians !" "Hath not God chosen Testament; and when he has graduthe poor of this world, rich in faith ated, the Society endeavors to arand heirs of the kingdom?" range that he shall go forth with the English Bible in his hands. During The Printing-press as an Evangelizer 19IG no fewer than 6,785 volumes were accepted as gifts from the So- BEGINNING with a small plant ciety among the students of India- twenty-one years ago, the Meth- lASl volumes more than in I909. odist publishing house in Singa- With all the Scriptures presented to pore has grown until it employs now the graduates and students of the about fifty men to produce the books Allahabad University this last year and pamphlets which are printed in went a leaflet entitled, "The King's Malay, Chinese, Tamil, Arabic, Taga- words about the English Bible." This log, Battak, and various European contained the reply of King Ge9rge languages. to the tercentenary deputation of March, 19I I.-The Bible in the INDIA World.

Progress of Moral Reform India and the Italo-Turkish War E VEN in India, polygamy is grow- THE war between Italy and Turkey ing unpopular, not merely be- has given a new opportunity to cause of the cost of living, which see the close fellowship which exists has reduced it to such an extent that between all followers of the false monogamy is getting to be the rule, prophet throughout the world. The but because of the "awakening" that India newspaper Bande Mataram has is due largely to the missionary work stated that Mohammedans throughof Occidentals through religious and out the earth have collected more other channels. His Highness, Shri than $1,000,000 and have handed it Sir Saya Sid Sayaji Rao III, Gaek- to the Sultan as their contribution war Maharajah of Baroda, who is to the war fund. In all large cities almost as well known in Washington with great Mohammedan populations and N ew York as in Calcutta and protest meetings against the war have Bombay, is rated as one of the most been held, and delegates of the Moprogressive rulers in the world, as hammedans living in China and in well as the richest Indian prince and one of the richest men on earth. His

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India have made a much observed life work. Beyond the station there are villages, north, south, east, and call upon the Sultan in Constantinople west, over 1,100 in one collectorate, in which there is not a single Chrisabout the middle of January. tian. Hindus everywhere, appealing strongly to Christendom by their con- The resolutions which were adopted dition and their great needs. Thou- sands of the outcasts are turning to at a great Mohammedan meeting in Christ, but the caste people, while willing to accept much of Christian Aligarh, India, are typical of all thus truth, are opposed to Christianity as such and are not willing to surrenpassed, and we quote therefore a part der all to Him. But light and truth are going forth from Mukti. A few of them. In them the Mohamme- years ago Marathas and Mahars would not drink water in the same dans strongly condemn the aggressive field. Now more than a thousand men, women and children, high caste, attitude of Italy, sincerely and earn- low caste, outcaste, and no caste, come to Mukti regularly from the surestly sympathize with the Turks and rounding villages and hear the Gos- pel. Thus, the seed is being sown. pray for the success of their co- Shall it not produce the abundant harvest in the Lord's time? religionists and the annihilation of Persecution of Converts in India their enemies. They pledge them- THE Gossner Missionary Society selves to boycott Italian goods and has a most prosperous work in consider it their religious duty to Jaspur. More than 2,500 heathen have been converted, and almost 3,000 have raise funds for the help of the become earnest inquirers after the truth as it is in Jesus. This is the wounded Turks, and for the support more remarkable because J aspur seems to have little religious liberty, of the families of the martyrs. They tho it is in the Empire of India, and converts from heathenism are pray the British Government to put severely persecuted by the Hindus. In some cases converts have been an end to an unconscionable, unpro- persuaded or even forced to eat rice upon which blood of the sacrifices voked, and unjust war, as the tradi- had been dropt, or some drops of such blood were put into the mouths tional ally of Turkey and the great- of converts who were then forced to wash them down with brandy made est Islamic power. . from rice. Then they had to sign a statement that they would never Such resolutions leave little doubt again attend Christian services, or, if they did, pay a large amount of that the Turkish war may quickly money.

and easily develop into a religious Frequentlx converts thus treated have gone back into heathenism, not var. so much on account of the fine placed upon attendance at Christian services A· Centennial Near at Hand as rather because they believed that the blood thus eaten had again put T HE Marathi Mission, the oldest American mission in southern Asia, was founded in 1813 by representatives of the American Board, and has work in Bombay, Ahmednagar, Sholkapur, and regions adjacent. The number of villages in which Christians live is 346. The missionary force numbers 42, with 523 native toilers. There are 45 ordained pastors and preachers, 58 organized churches with a membership of 7,340, and a Christian community of 13,216. In the schools 3,824 pupils are found.

At Mukti with· Pandita Ramabai HE Mukti Mission was organized T in 1896, tho the work of Pandita Ramabai was begun in 1887. It offers tremendous opportunities, because at Mukti (Kedgaon, Poona District, Bombay Pres.) the workers are surrounded by more than 1,400 souls, who are there for no other purpose than to be prepared for their

them in the power of demons. Those will be too few to reach the millions who have eaten the blood and yet of Chinese scholars by personal deremained in the Christian Church, are livery of their message, but the inpersecuted, threatened, and subj ected creasing network of post-offices and to attempts at extortion. Thus, it is railways is greatly facilitating the disnot an easy matter to follow Christ tribution of literature. outside the camp of heathenism in J aspur. An Open Door in Canton CHINA T HE American Presbyterian Mis- sion in Canton, under the care of The Immensity of Things Chinese Rev. A. A. Fulton, has been doing a great work. The plan of work is REV. P. FRANK PRICE, of the that of raising up a large body of Presbyterian seminary, Nanking, native helpers and evangelists, who writing in the Union Seminary Maga- go into the towns and villages and zine, makes the following statements: preach. Canton has a population of "There are more people in China than 1,700,000, and the three counties in the four continents, Africa, North about it have 2,000,000 more in 10,- and South America, and Oceanica. 000 cities, towns and villages. There Every third person born into the are already 12 churches, 34 chapels world looks into the face of a Chi- and 21 schools. During the last year nese mother. Every third man who work has been done by the native toils under God's sun and rests under men in 715 villages, and in I,6ro in God's stars, is a Chinese. Every third couple given in marriage plight their two years $I 1,36 I has been raised troth in a Chinese cup of wine. Every third orphan who weeps through the on the field for schools, buildings and day, and every third widow who current work. During the last year wails through the night, is a Chinese. 189 adults and 79 children have been Put them in ranks joining hands, and baptized. In the last five years 2,080 they will girdle the globe ten times at persons have been added on confesthe equator with living, beating human sion. Three new chapels are imperahearts. Constitute them into pilgrims tively needed at once, at $200 each; and let them march before you at the 3 new preachers must be set at work rate of 2,000 every day and night, at $I50 each for the year; 3 new under the sunlight and the solemn Bible women must be employed at stars, and you will hear the steady $50 each for the year; 3 new schools tramp, tramp, tramp of that weary, must be opened at $150 each, and a pressing, throbbing throng for 500 new women's chapel must be opened years. Japan is leading the Orient, at $300. but whither? Of the seventy nations mentioned in ancient history, only An Up-to-date Device two survive to-day. Of these one is scattered throughout the earth await- UP-TO-DATE methods are used in ing its final resurrection, and China China. In one city there is a teais the other. house mission for the benefit of those who will not attend church or chapel. Urgent Call for Christian Literature The Chinese tea-house is an insti- tution, and 400 or 500 people visit DR. MACGILLAVRAY, a veteran this house on fine evenings and thus missionary, calls for the settling come in touch with the Gospel. apart of picked men to devote their whole time to the translation of a Union Bible School in Nanking modern, adequate Christian literature for China. He declares the oppor- A UNITED Bible school at Nantunity to be absolutely unparalleled. king has absorbed three theologi- For many years to come missionaries cal seminaries of four denominations, namely the Northern Methodists, the

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Northern Presbyterians, the Southern ways. The demand itself has de- Presbyterians and the Christians creased and the nature of the demand (Disciples). A Presbyterian paper left has changed. Trading has nearly says: "Some leading minds had the ceased in some ports, and boatmen acuteness to see that in fields where are afraid to carry yarn or similar union was possible at no other point valuable goods on account of the it was feasible to unite all the mis- pirates and robbers in the interior. sions in Bible study." Many letters Then the Chinese dress has changed, on this subject appear. Here is one for thousands of Chinese who have from Rev. A. E. Cory, secretary of done away with their queues, have the Centenary Conference Committee also turned to foreign dress. In the for the promotion of Bible study in interior the characteristic Chinese China: "When we invited Dr. White clothing has been modified. The long to come we had no thought of start- coat or gown is now cut short, about ing a China-wide movement. We the length of an American sack were prepared, however, without real- coat, and even the nature of the cloth izing the extent of it, for the impetus used has been radically modified. to stand together, which the study Voolens and cotton goods manufacof the Bible under the leadership tured in imitation of woolens are beof Dr. White gave us. We turned to ing used, and goods approximating the Bible Teachers' Training School the clothing of foreign men are in in New York as furnishing us the surprizing demand. The change is model for schools in China. There regarded as permanent by Chinese in Nanking is the first of at least IO traders. schools of this type which are asked for. It combines four denominations What Missions Have Done for China already. This movement is not only already China-wide. It includes the A CHINESE secular paper, the whole Far East." Shanghai Mercury, stated, on ~ ovember 27, 1911, editorially, that Antecedents of Dr. Sun up to r840 all China believed that what its rulers said was true and T HE leader of the new Republican trustworthy. Its Huangti (the Em- forces of China, Dr. Sun Vat peror), was considered the sale mas- Sen, an Hawaiian-born Chinaman, ter of the sublunary universe: heaven was educated in Honolulu under the reigning above, he below. China influence of an old Oberlin graduate, alone was refined, all else was bar- William A. Bowen. Mr. Bowen took barian, uneducated, unenlightened, Dr. Sun in charge when young and uncivilized. China knew all that was easily influenced, and instilled into to be known and could look down on him the American love and longing everything and everybody else. But, for freedom. Not only did Mr. so continued the editorial writer, Bowen give the young patriot Ameri- "little by little, thanks to missioncan ideas, and help materially in aries, schools, treaty ports, and still planting the seeds of American de- more, travel, a knowledge of the true mocracy in his mind, but he helped state of affairs began to dawn. Press, to finance the way for the early edu- pulpit, preaching and practise drove cation of the bright young China- home the newer learning, opened the man. windows of the soul to the new light, and despotism was really ready to Indirect Results of China's Changes vanish before the standard of revolu- tion was raised at Wuchang." ATTENTION is called to the fact by Missions that the revolution This testimony of a secular newsin China has upset the trade in cot- paper to the work of the missiontons in South China in unexpected aries in China is as refreshing as it is unsolicited.

JAPAN AND KOREA of the house explains the meaning of certain verses, and chooses a text to High Tribute to Missionaries be taken as a motto for the day, and makes a few simple remarks thereon. RECENTLY Baron Kanda, head Each member of the household takes of the higher commercial school it in turn to pray morning after mornin Tokyo, at a reception and dinner ing. The children's prayers are very, given in honor of Mr. Russell and very short, but impressive in many Mr. Hamilton Holt, of New York, ways, and the way the servants resaid: "Let me in this connection peat the same prayer day after day pay a humble tribute to that noble is rather funny. Whatever happens band of Ainerican missionaries and in the house, family prayers are not teachers who have consecrated their given up. Every member of the lives to the cause of the moral and household is prompt in getting ready intellectual elevation of our people- for the morning meeting at the breakthat noble band headed by the late fast table to worship God. lamented Dr. Hepburn, who with the crown of over four-score years and Other Good Tidings ten, but with a still brighter one of his immortal work left in the hearts DR. SIDNEY GULICK, of Doof his pupils here, has recently gone shisha University, reports that the to his well-earned rest. He has left Kumi-ai (Congregational) churches behind him not a few pupils who have recently held a notable series of have since risen to posts of great im- meetings in Tokyo with very gratiportance in the life of new Japan, fying result. The pastors are earnest among whom I may point with pride and spiritual, and signs of the times to my honored friend, the president are in many ways most hopeful. The of the Bank of Japan (Baron Taka- leaders of the national life are inhashi), present to-night. But there creasingly confident of the need of are many Hepburns, Verbecks, religion, both in public and private Browns and Williamses, the lasting life. They have not yet turned in influence of whose labors it is im- large numbers to Christ, but that day possible to overestimate. And I am is approaching. The new movement glad to say that this noble band is among the missionaries looking towconstantly recruited, and is ever swell- ard better distribution of forces gains ing, whose influence is deeply stamped headwav. A new line of united work upon the rising generation and will is developing in the agreement of a be felt indirectly- through generations decisive number of mission boards to to come_" share in the plan for a permanent committee for Christian literature in Family Worship in Japan Japan. The sum of $2,245 is al- ready pledged to this committee. T HE Kirisutokyo Sekai publishes a letter on family worship, written The Salvation Army in Korea by a Japanese lady whose husband is a Christian. She says that the ON its way round the world, the family worship in her home lasts less Salvation Army has come to Kothan fifteen minutes. The whole fam- rea and has entered the city of Seoul. ily assembles at 6 :45 A.M. around a Colonel and Mrs. Hoggard, experitable that will seat about ten people. enced officers. are in command, and Each person reads his verse of Scrip- Koreans, Japanese, and foreigners are ture in turn, the little children and heartily interested in its work of upthe servants often making rather lift and cheer. At one of its festiamusing mistakes. Each member of vals of sacred. song the Archimandrite the household has his or her morning Paul, head of the Greek Church in for choosing a hymn. After the Korea, and the Russian Consul, oc- Scripture reading is over, the master cupied front seats, while the foreign-

I9I2] WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

ers in the audience were officials, Eastern and Western Turkey Mismerchants, and missionaries. The lat- sions of the American Board. During ter generally speak of the work ac- the conference such topics as Moscomplished by tr.e Army in tones of lems, and how to reach them; work loud praise. among Bahais and Jews; training of native workers; the old Christian Was Convinced by Christlike Deeds communities, Chaldean, Armenian and N estorian; and the organization, de- I N Pyeng Yang there was a disas- velopment, and self-support of the na- trous flood recently that spoiled tive church, wiII be discust, while every home belonging to the members special addresses on the Evangelizaof the Methodist church. But in spite tion of Kurds, Bakhtiaris, Loors and of this there were 25 at prayer-meet- Arabs; on Religious Liberty in Pering next night. Some had lost all sia; and on similar subjects are antheir possessions, but not one had a nounced. Thus the conference promcomplaint to utter. One man, a ises to be helpful and interesting. wealthy grain merchant, whose wife and daughter were among the most Growth of the Arabian Mission faithful Christians, had resisted for a long time. He had a concubine and T HE Arabian Mission was organ-' persecuted his wife shamefully. The ized by a number of the friends church-member who tried to preach of missionary work among the Moto him said he wouldn't listen at all. hammedans in 1889. It was incor- Three nights after the flood, he came porated in I89I, and three years later to church, where they were having it was formally adopted by the Gena leader's meeting, and stayed to the eral Synod of the Dutch Reformed end. He said he had noticed how the Church in America, which placed it Christians had come down to sympa- under the care of the Board of Forthize and help others, with no thought eign Missions, but continued its disfor themselves. He had seen no tinct corporate existence. The growth such manifestation of a loving heart of the mission has been remarkable, among the unbelievers and he wanted as the following table shows: to know more of the religion that gave it. He wanted to see if they 1895 1900 1905 1910 1912 reaIly were happy and peaceful when 1I1issionaries 4 others in the same outward condi- 1'ative Force 8 9 16 26 34· tions were distrest and upset. He said he wanted that kind of a mind Stations ..• 3 10 21 25 27 and he was going to believe. Hospitals… ~ Expenses .. $5,365 3 3 4 6 MOSLEM LANDS It 2 2tt Missionary Conference in Persia in 1912 $9,799 $17,893 $21,274 $34,833 A MISSIONARY conference is being arranged to meet at Hama- * Includes the representatives of the University dan, Persia, from July 14 to 28, I9I2. of Michigan. t Erected in 1902. tt Two new The societies at work in the empire are the Church Missionary Society, hospitals are being erected. the London Jews' Society, the Swedish Missions forbundet, and the The work has so rapidly developed Presbyterian Church in the United States, but it is expected that mainly and the amount of money needed for the representatives of the Church Missionary Society and the Presby- its support has so largely increased, terian Persian Missions will attend the conference. An urgent invita- that its board of trustees has issued tion, however, has been sent to the an especial call for aid to its large circle of friends and supporters.

Strengthening Work Among Moslems in Europe T HE German Orient Mission is making an earnest effort to strengthen its York among the Mo- hammedans in eastern Europe. Hav- ing sent back the well-known Pastor Awetaranian and his devoted wife to the work in Philippopolis, eastern Rumelia, a short time ago, it has now strengthened the hands and faith

of these tried laborers by sending to police came and informed the misthem Pastor Hagob Shahveled and sionary that it was wrong for him his wife as co-laborers. Pastor Shah- to open such a shop in uncivilized veled was born in Anastasia, in Tur- Hodeidah. The chief ordered Mr. key, and was pastor of an evangelical Hoyer, in the name of the Mutasarcongregation there previous to thF rif, the highest city official, to close great massacres. During the cruel the shop and sell no more books. persecutions he and his wife (a Ger- As a Danish subject, the missionary man) and their children were forced could not be protected by the British to flee to Basel. Thence he went to consul, and he therefore closed the Bulgaria in 1898, and became pas- shop, tho the bystanders told him tor of a small Armenian congrega- that the Mutasarrif wished only a tion in Sofia, the Bulgarian capital. bribe and a little private income from the shop. Since he is able to speak Armenian, Turkish and German fluently, he The British consul, on hearing of is a valuable addition to the mission- the event, ordered him to go back ary force among the Mohammedans. and reopen the place, and if the po- lice inspector came again, to "kick Danish Mission at Hodeidah him out at once." "I did as he told me," writes Mr. Hoyer, "with the REV. OLUF HOYER, of the Da- exception of the last-named injunc- nish Missionary Society, who la- tion, and now I am again selling bored among Arabs and Jews in books." Aden for some time, began work a few years ago in Hodeidah, a EUROPE prominent city on the Red Sea coast, not far from the streets of Bab-el- Work Among Russian Women Students Mandeb. He rented a carpenter's old shop, which he renovated, and AT the Student Conference in Conhaving secured a supply of suitable tantinople, held from April 24 books from Beirut and Cairo, opened to 28, 191 I (see MISSIONARY REVIEW) his bookshop in June, 1911. This 191 I, page 404), the women delegates was something of an event in the from Russia gave Miss Ruth Rouse history of Hodeidah, and for the first an urgent invitation to come to Rustwo days the shop was full of people sia in the autumn to strengthen the from morning till evening. They local groups in St. Petersburg, Moswere especially delighted with the cow, Kieff, and in other cities. Last school-books, having never before October Miss Rouse attended the seen any like them, since the Koran conference of Russian student leaders is the only book studied by the chil- which was held near Wiborg, and bedren in the two schools of Hodeidah. came acquainted with the present Many bought copies, but Bibles were problems, possibilities, and aspirations also in demand, especially Gospels, of the Young Russian Movement and Psalms, and Proverbs, in cheap edi- with the leaders themselves. In St. tions. Petersburg she addrest several large public meetings for both men and An inspector of police came to in- women, and also several meetings for vestigate what books the stranger had women students only. The result was to sell. He examined some and de- an increase of I25 new members of clared them to be exceptionally good, the association and a continued larger because most of the books came from attendance at public meetings and Beirut, and had been passed upon Bible-study classes. by the Turkish censors. Other books from Cairo dealt more freely with In Moscow the plans for public religious controversy, but the in- meetings were frustrated by the ecspector did not want to see them. clesiastical authorities, so that Miss Rouse was forced to restrict her ef- On the fourth day the chief of forts to constructive work among the leaders in the old capital.

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY

In Kieff the Governor-Gener~l and tion with it 34 pastors, with 18 evanhis wife were friendly, and a public gelists and colporteurs, laboring in meeting was attended by 420 stu- connection with lOS preaching-stadents. Smaller audiences were also tions. The membership of these conaddrest, and as a result of the work gregations includes over II,OOO peo- 20 women and a dozen men students ple vho are converts from Romanwere enrolled as new members of ism. In its Sunday-schools there Bible classes. One of the professors are 3,714 pupils. It is estimated of the Polytechnic Institute, who is that lO,850 meetings have been cona Christian man, consented to be the ducted within twelve months. The president of the new Kieff Associa- aim of this church from its very tion. origination has been to carry the Gospel of Jesus Christ to every ham- Protestantism in France let in Belgium, and it is always work- ing on the hard ground of supersti- CHURCH disestablishment in tion and infidelity. France has not hurt the Protestant churches. In 1905 they received Basel Missionary Society from the State 2,007,090 francs, and raised themselves 309,934 francs for ACCORDING to its ninety-sixth church purposes. Last year they annual report, the Basel Missionraised without State aid, 2,979,000 ary Society had at the close of 1910: francs, more than 900,000 francs above what they received from the ~ .~ State six years before. And their contributions to foreign miSSions, .rS""o' .~ so .c~ :': home evangelization and social work increased. ~ .~~ u~ "'0"

Progress for Boh.emia ."~ Q.~ s~.c -5 Ul :i1 .uc~:O>:) BOHEMIA and Moravia, a country 1''"1 <fJ as large as Scotland, has a Reformed Church that is making prog- India , ………. 26 83 178 18.602 15,760 ress. Their superintendent for Mo- CGKhaomilndea-Cruon';st.' C.~.i.~.l.;.Y 1II9 40 378 10,620 2,284 ravia, the Rev. Dr. F. Cisar, sends 60 663 23,247 7,248 some illustrations from the last thirty 12 54 1,745 11,785 years. Then they had 70 congrega- 10,353 tions; now, 88. Then, almost no Totals …….. 68 237 2,964 – 37,077 preaching stations; now, 64 and 13 affiliated congregations. During thirty 62,822 years the number of places of worship is at least three times larger than fifty The income of the Society at home, years ago. For buildings and church i.e.) in Switzerland and Germany, was funds only, apart from the regular $426,150 . sustentation of churches, in thirty years they spent over 5,300,000 In India, where the Society em- CI'owns, or over £222,000 sterling, a ploys more missionaries than in any sum that astonishes their leaders, who of its other fields, the number of had never compiled these statistics be- baptisms was smallest. The influence fore. of Hinduism and of caste are yet unbroken, so that few Hindus of A Belgian Jubilee' higher class are willing to undergo the persecution and the physical suf- HAVING been founded in No- ferings which await converts to Chris- vember, 1837, the Christian Mis- tianity. Yet the schools of the Basel sionary Church of Belgium is ap- Society in India were crowded and proaching its seventy-fifth anniver- the fruit of the Christian instruction sary. There are working in connec- thus imparted to the future leaders of India must soon appear.

In China the number of baptisms increased, and 568 inquirers were under instruction at the close of the year, tho famine and drought, re- bellion and war, and increase of ma- terialism and vice and gambling se- riously interfered with the work. The Chinese Government placed many

difficulties in the way of the mission- izing the inland regions of the Chiary schools, which explains the small- nese empire. The beginning was small, ness of the number of pupils. but the little one is already becoming In the Gold Coast Colony Chris- a host. There are now 968 missiontianity has become a real power. The authority of the fetish priests has aries in the empire and the baptized been destroyed, and heathenism, tho converts number 36,500, and it is constill fighting and opposing the work fidently believed that at the semi-cenof the Christian missionaries, is dy- tennial four years hence the number ing. A grandson of the famous leader will reach at least 50,000. The mis- Adu Bofo, who once made Mission- sion has had its ups and downs finanary Ramseyer, of the Basel Society, cially. The income for 19IO was a prisoner, and brought him to Ku- $264,530, a decrease as compared rnase, has been baptized. Yet Islam with the previous year of $3,980. is making threatening progress, and This would not seem to be so serious, the increasi41g prosperity of the peo- but for the fact that in the year 1908 ple, caused by the development of the the decrease was $58,130. The total cacao plantations, does not prove an amount expended in the 46 years is unmixed blessing, tho it enabled the approximately $7,500,000. Steady Christian natives in the Gold Coast and systematic work is carried on at Colony to contribute about $26,000 200 central stations and 830 outto the expenses of the Basel Society stations and surrounding districts. III 1910. AMERICA GREAT BRITAIN "Reclamation Day" An Old Missionary Society THE New York Salvation Army T HE Society for Promoting Chris- celebrated Washington's birth- tian Knowledge, the oldest mis- day by a g-eneral movement to reclaim sionary organization in connection drunkards. They visited saloons of with the Church of England, is cele- the city and dragged away the drunkbrating its 215th birthday. The so- ards; more than 1,000 men were taken ciety was founded on March 8, 1698, to the army headquarters, and after when, in the words of its originators, being given something to eat, were there was a "visible decay of religion talked to. At the same time the in this kingdom," coupled with a army held a parade in which a "monstrous increase of deism, pro- "water wagon" was conspicuous. phaneness, and vice." Among the ob- Some of the banners in the parade j ects were: (I) the education of the read : "Washington would not lie; poor; (2) hospital work, especially whisky is a liar"; "don't let the booze on the foreign mission field; (3) the help you down and out; cut it out"; publication of Bibles and prayer- "bubbles on top; bitterness at the books, theological works and treatises bottom." Unfortunately, the drunkon church history; (4) grants of ard himself knows better than any books to sailors, soldiers, emigrants one of the bitterness at the bottom and others; (5) the promotion of for- of the glass, but has not the moral eign missions, toward which large force to combat it. The worst thing grants are made yearly, both in money about liquor is that it robs the user and books. of the control of his faculties, which means moral and physical death.

Growth of the China Inland Mission Americans Not Wholly Sordid FORTY-SIX years ago, Hudson T HOSE who affirm that the church Taylor, without any pledge of is declining as a force in the support from individuals or from a world, that religion is no longer an missionary society, attempted the object of devotion even to so-called seemingly impossible task of evangel- religious people, and that the world is

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS 39

altogether sordid and trivial in its a rich layman of Durham, N. c., interests may be edified by looking at asking- him to take his support. He a recent report in the Boston Trans- wrote to Mr. Pratt to come to see cript of the philanthropic gifts of him, and agreed to take him and his America last year. Tabulated figures wife. A little later Mr. Pratt wrote show that $252,007,875 was thus con- to him telling him that he must open tributed by American citizens during a mission in Korea, that he would the twelve months closing December need ro missionaries, and would he 31st. Moreover, of this sum approxi- take the $10,000 necessary? He mately $roo,ooo,ooo was contributed thought about it and prayed and said for the advancement of religious work, he would. A few weeks later he went using that term to include all gifts to to see him again and told him that charities supported by funds secured Mr. Watts would have to take more in the churches. The amount given than $10,000, maybe $20,000. "All for what are classified as distinctively right," he said, "send all the mission- religious objects was thus $8,000,000 aries you need and I will c-arry them."

more than the total gifts for educa- Then they induced Mr. Watts to tion-notwithstanding enormous sums attend the meeting at Chattanooga, donated by a few individuals for that and when he saw those men (50 of purpose-and $40,000,000 more than them) volunteering, he accepted this the amount given to the third main challenge, and said: "Put me in for division-the general good. Again, $5,000 down, or $1,000 a year as long of this $roo,ooo,ooo, $51,000,000 was as I live."

given by 15,000,000 people through Forty Years of War Against Vice the Protestant missionary societies; O $40,000,000 being thus donated for :J March 3, 1912, forty years of faithful home missionary effort horne missions, and $11,000,000 for the foreign missionary work.-Mis- in defense of the morals of the chil- sionary Herald. dren of the United States by Anthony Must We Come to This? Comstock were rounded out. Relent- lessly the war against obscene litera- T HE Catholic World, of New York, ture of every description, and vile said recently: "The Roman photographs and pictures has been Catholic is to wield his vote for the ,,'aged. When it began, in 1872, purpose of securing Catholic ascend- there were no laws in the United ency in this country. All legislation States, either Federal or State, ademust be governed by the will of God quate to reach the evil, and printed unerringly indicated by the Pope. circulars advertising the vilest and Education must be controlIed by the foulest matters were disseminated Catholic authorities, and under edu- broadcast through the mails. Then cation the opinions of the individual was founded the N ew York Society and the utterances of the press are for the Suppression of Vice, and it induded. Many opinions are to be drafted such laws with the aid of its forbidden by the secular arm, under secretary, Anthony Comstock. They the authority of the Church, even to were enacted by the legislatures of war and bloodshed." various States, and by Congress, in What the Laymen'. Movement is Doing 1872 -73. On March 5, 1873, the day after President Grant had signed the T HE following incident is only one United States laws pertaining to the of the many evidences that the subject, and had been reinaugurated, laymen of the country are awakening Mr. Comstock was commissioned a to their opportunity and responsibil- special agent of the Post Office De- ity: Charles Pratt, of the Southern partment to enforce these laws. Thus Presbyterian Board, under appoint- he was able to do as much good work as' he has done throughout these ment to Korea, writes to Mr. vyatt1>,

years, for now the power of the substantial increase. The increase in United States Government was be- those of southeastern European parhind him. entage, however, was astounding. In the classification of the mother tongue During the past forty years 3,547 of people born in Russia, the census persons were arrested by the Society office found such an overwhelming for the Suppression of Vice, and number who gave Yiddish as the more than 145 tons of unlawful mat- mother tongue (which means that ter were seized. Almost 3,000,000 they are Russian, Polish, Galician, or of obscene pictures and 14,794 nega- Rumanian Jews), that Yiddish is betives for making same, 28,428 stereo- ing used in the mother tongue tabutype plates for printing immoral lation of the population of New York books, 318,336 rubber articles, and for the whole Russian group, with 11,IIO pounds of molds for making Polish as the other leading language same, and 3,500,000 circulars adver- of the Russian-born population of tising the books, pictures, and articles the city. This is used as a proof of have been confiscated. Thus much the fact that there were 1,265,000 good has been done. But much work Jews in Greater New York in I9IO. remains to be done yet, before it can vVe consider the estimate too high for be well said that these works of the the city, but believe that it included devil are destroyed in the United the many thousands of Jews in the States. towns across the Hudson in New Jersey and within a radius of 20 The Population of Greater New York miles from the New York post-office. vVe believe that the percentage of the T HE Population Research Bureau population of Greater New York of of the New York Federation of Jewish birth is 23 per cent. Ch~rches has computed the comparative populations of Greater N ew York The Bureau states that in terms of in 1900 and 1910, with gains and percentage, the population of New losses, in terms of parentage, from York, in 1910, was 15-72 per cent. of data furnished the Federation at its British, 15.19 per cent. of Russian, own cost, and transcribed by its own 12.74 per cent. of German, 11.16 per workers in the census bureau. The cent. of Italian, 8.35 per cent. of figures are as follows: PARi<:NTAGE 1900 1910 Loss or Gain 1. British (including colonies) ……………………….. . 946,653 745,569 197,084 loss 910,103 739,408 170,697 loss ~. Northwestern European .. , ……. , ………………… . 779,981 607,088 192,893 loss Germany-Luxemburg ….. , …………………… . 70,829 93,965 23,136 gain Scandinavia ……. , ………… _.. _……………. . 25,950 24,726 1,224 loss 13,343 13,629 286 gain France …………………. , ………………… . 713,476 1,705,192 307,683 724,112 991,716 gain Switzerland ., ……………. , ………….•….. , .. 229,347 532,064 416,429 gain 163.237 398,079 302,717 gain 3. Southeastern European …. , …………………. , …. . 10,499 32,210 234,842 gain Russia-Poland-Finland ….. , ………………… . 1.309 8,745 21,711 gain 1,+01 9,982 7,436 gain Italy ………………………………………. . 62,189 528,990 8,581 gain 24,703 Austria·Hungary …………. , .. , ……………. , .. 60,666 91,709 466,801 gain 6,638 5,994 Roumania … , .. , …………. , ………………… . 921,318 31,043 gain 737,477 644 loss Greece ……… ………….. . …………… . 183,841 gain Turkey …………………………………….. .

4. Mixed (One foreign parent) …………………. , .. , … .

(Two foreign parents) …. , ………………… .

5. Negro ………………………………………… .

6. China and Japan ……….. , ……………………… .

7. Both Parents American-born ………………………. .

The Bureau reports the total popu- Austro-Hungarian, 1.97 per cent. of lation of New York at 4,766,833 in Scandinavian, 13-49 per cent. of 1910, which means an increase of 1,- mixed, 1.92 per cent. of negro, .13 329,68I since I900. New York's per cent. of Chinese and Japanese, population of British and of North- and 19.33 per cent. of native white western European parentages each parentage. The figures thus compiled decreased to a remarkable extent by the New York Federation of from 1900 to 1910, those of Scan- Churches are very interesting, but it dinavian parentage showing the only would be of far greater value to the

WORLD-WIDE MISSIONARY NEWS

Christian worker, for whom they are Many missionary books were sold primarily gathered, to know the re- to the thousands of visitors. They ligious status of these vast masses will bring information and impulse gathered in Greater New York and into many homes, and thus the cause its. adjoining districts, which are so of missions will be benefited permaclosely associated with the urban cen- nently. ter. These masses, according to the latest bulletin of the United States The Priceless Bible Census Bureau, March, I9I2, number HEALING with the Bible as "The 8,494,3 I 5· Sailor's Chart," Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell says: "I love the Bible. I The World in Cincinnati believe it contains all necessary truth about the way a man should walk T HE great missionary exposition, here below. I am glad there are still "the World in Cincinnati," was some puzzles left in it for me and opened on March 9th, and continued for those that come after me. The until April 6th. It was a great op- milk I find in it nourishes me. There portunity for all who availed them- is, no doubt, meat which I can not selves of it, to become acquainted digest, but that those with different with the conditions of native life and viscera than mine are already assimi- Christian effort in many mission lands lating. This I must rest content with, of the earth. To each country was I presume. Every young man, I allotted space within the great Music think, ought not to expect to be so Hall of Cincinnati, with rooms in infallible as to understand the whole which native scenes, costumes, home- of it. That may explain some not life, religious life, work, and recrea- prizing it highly enough. To me it tions were depicted. means everything. Take it away, and you can have all else I possess." Undoubtedly every visitor learned to think of the inhabitants of other Growth of Presbyterian Foreign Missions lands as real people, with the same needs and sorrows and burdens and Per cent. cares of life as we ourselves. But he also saw what great investments 1901 1911 Increase have been made by followers of Christ to lead the inhabitants of all For. missionaries .. 715 1,030 44 the lands represented at the exposition to faith in Him. The work of Native force ….. . 1,841 4,353 136 the missionaries was actually shown, and the beneficent changes wrought Organized churches' 386 763 98 in the lives of heathen everywhere by the preaching of the Gospel were real- Communicants .. . 41,559 114,166 175 ized by many visitors for the first time, as returned missionaries told Schools ……… . 718 1,645 129 of the work in the countries where they have been laboring. Pupils ……… . 25.910 61.099 136 About 10,000 different ~ersons Sunday-school served as trainers, stewards, smgers, or in other capacities. They have be- scholars …… . 38,127 152,057 299 come more intelligent, and therefore more earnest in the work of missions. Presses …. " … . 7 11 59 Have they exerted no influence for good within their homes and the Hospitals ……. . 34 68 100 circles of their friends, as their interest increased? They must continue Dispensaries …. . 43 75 74 to exert an influence in behalf of missions within their churches. Patients treated .. . 340,878 467,820 37 Principal stations .. 117 144 23 Dut-stations ….. . 1,182 1.718 45 Receipts from all sources ….. $957,537.00 $1,676,124.00 72 Receipts per capita .93 1.24 32 Contributions on field (1904) … $117,355.00 $484,~97.90 447 International Conference on the Negro B OOKER T. WASHINGTON has called an International Confer- ence on the Negro, to meet at Tus- kegee Institute, Ala., on April I7th, I8th, and I9th. The object of this conference is to afford an opportunity for studying the methods employed in helping the negro of the United States, with a view of deciding to what extent Tuskegee and Hampton

methods may be applied to conditions sition was heartily and unanimously in other countries where many ne- adopted. Then the same man pro- groes are found, as well as to condi- posed that in addition one out of tions in Africa. Persons who are every ten of their number give his actively interested in the negro, or entire time to the proclamation of directly engaged as missionaries, or' the glad tidings, and be supported by otherwise, in the work that is going the other nine. This proposition, too, on in Africa, the West Indies, North met with hearty acceptance. Every and South America, and elsewhere week the tithes are brought to the for the education and upbuilding of treasurer in the coin of the realm, to the negro have been invited, and it wit, brass rods eleven inches in length, is hoped that representatives of gov- worth about one cent, and tied in ernments especially interested in the bundles of ten each.

negro problem may attend the con- Five Kings at a Centennial ference. FlVE native kings and their ret- Gospel Power Felt in Cuba inues were present at the cen- T HE Gospel in Cuba is working a tenary celebrations of the Wesleyan social regeneration, teaching les- IIethodist missionary society on the sons of self-control, purity, honesty, Gold Coast. One of them, a man of truthfulness, and virtue. Children 85 years, was 9 years old when the are growing up with higher ideals first missionary arrived at Cape before their eyes, and will instinct- Coast in 1835. During the day $1,500, ively turn away from the common almost entirely in silver, was contrib- vices of bull-fighting, cock-fighting, uted. The mission has 200 native gambling, and the desecration of the teachers, agents, catechists and minis- Sabbath. The missionary is also giv- ters, and about 3I,ooO members of ing needed instruction in hyg'iene, all kinds, while 100,000 people wor- while the moral tone of the Gospel ship in the churches.

is reacting on the Roman Catholic SOUTH AFRICA priesthood and forcing the priests to adopt better methods. T Rejoicings in Natal HE most notable event in South WEST AFRICA African mission life during the A Prosperous Mission on the Kongo past year has been the celebration of A THRILLING story is told by Men the seventy-fifth anniversary of the and Missions, of a mission of coming of the Gospel to the Zulus.

the Christian (Disciple) Church upon A jubilee convocation of twelve days'

the Kongo, in which every member duration was held in Durban, Natal.

pays tithes upon his entire income, There were united Christian conven- and in addition every tenth member tions for the deepening of the spiri- gives his entire time to the proclama- tual life; also exhibitions of the pro- tion of the Gospel, the other nine ducts of industrial education-har- providing for his support. The first ness-making, shoe-making, carpentry, convert was baptized after three years, tailoring, pottery and the fabrication a man so lame as to be able to move of an admirable rustic furniture from neither hands nor feet. At the end "monkey-rope." One telling feature of another year 31 savages from of this exhibit was a native village seven warring villages were added. school in full operation. The culmina- The membership has since increased tion of the celebration was a great to more than 2,000. At the first com- missionary meeting in Durban town nmnion service one of the natives hall. This building, holding some arose and proposed that it be made 4,500 people, was filled to its utmost the rule of the church that every mem- capacity with the elite of the colony, ber tithe his income, and the propo- Lord Gladstone, governor-general of

South Africa, presiding. A choru~ time ago they persuaded the Regent, of 350 Zulus sang, with electrifying Lidj Jasu, to put in prison all Roman power, Sir John Stainer's "Trust ye Catholics and all Protestants, but the in the mighty God," Greig's great French Consul saved the Roman Cathsetting of the Seventh of the Revela- alics. Of the Protestants 21 were tion, and other anthems. Sixty thou- arrested on September 10,1911, bound sand black church-members, repre- and led before the Regent. He ordered senting a Christian community of that each receive forty strokes. The fully 200,000, presented an address execution of the order commenced at to the governor-general. once, and long, heavy thongs of leather were applied to the bare backs of the Boer Missionary Work first nine victims. Two of them died at once, and it seemed probable that I N the Boer missian in Nyasaland all would perish under the cruel chas- and Rhodesia, 600 adults were tisement, when the ministers of war baptized and 4,000 admitted into in- and of the interior interfered and sucstruction classes last year. Over 45,- ceeded in having the sentence sus- 000 children are taught in the day pended for the present. The captives schools of the mission. Such statis- were then liberated, but they were tics mark a revolutionary change of told that they would be rearrested, opinion among South African Boers and one arm and one foot would be since the days of Livingstone, when cut off and the tongue would be torn Kaffir and Hottentot were considered out of the mouth of anyone who Canaanites in the land fit at best for would again visit the home of the misslavery and often for death. sionaries.

NORTH AFRICA Another convert, Alaka Mariam Tajelenj, has been tried before the News from Abyssinia Abuna on four charges, viz.: I. That he prepared and ate meat on Wednes- THE missionaries af the Swedish days and Fridays (which are days of National Missionary Saciety have fasting in Abyssinia). 2. That he tried earnestly and faithfully to. enter taught the priests in Kamkam, Koroda, Abyssinia with the Gospel from its and Dera to eat before the services stations an the borders of the closed and the celebratian of the Lord's land. After years of great discour- Supper. 3. That he declared that the agements and dangers, it seemed as saints are not mediators for sinners. if the king himself was becoming 4. That he condemned the adoration interested, and the preaching of the of pictures as idolatry. After a long Gospel wauld be permitted among its trial he was declared "not guilty" by benighted multitudes (see MISSIONARY the Abuna. REVIEW 1908, p. 430, 190.9, p. 225), and encouraging reports came from EAST AFRICA the Swedish missionaries, telling of earnest inquirers and true converts. Christmas in Uganda Then the success of the Protestants aroused the jealousy and anger of the T HE Rev. R. H. Leakey, of Bule- Abyssinian clergy, and finally a per- mezi, in the kingdom of Uganda, secution of converts to. Protestant who has the oversight of a district doctrine commenced, which, accord- containing aver 150 places of woring to. recent reports, continues in ship, with an average Sunday attendan exasperating manner. Rev. Karl ance of over 12,000, reports the bap- Coderquist, one of the faithful mis- tism last vear of close on 1,000 persionaries of the Swedish National sons (adults and infants), and 400 Society, writes that the Abyssinian more adults under instructian for Archbishop, Abuna, and his clergy baptism. Over 8,000 children atare determined to wage relentless tend the variaus schools. Writing battle against Protestantism. Some November 26th, from Ndeje, Mr.

Leakey says: "Is it not good to tary of the American Board of Com- think that out here in the heart of missioners for Foreign Missions- Africa, where only a few years ago recently returned from an extended all was darkness, there are thou- journey through Turkey, Africa and sands who call Christmas Day 'Seku India.

kuu,' which meam, 'the great day'? Other special conferences and in- On Christmas Day we generally have stitutes have been arranged for Sun- the largest communion service of the day-school superintendents and teachyear and a crowded congr~gation. ers, missionary committeemen and for This year I have had a class of 21 practically every type of work in the men in training as evangelists, and local church activities. another class of 21 lads who are be- Additional information concerning ing trained as pupil teachers. the conference may be had by address- NOTICES ing C. V. Vickrey, Missionary Edu- cation Movement, 156 Fifth Ave., International Missionary Union New York, N. Y.

T HE International Missionary OBITUARY NOTES Union which was founded by the late Dr. J. T. Gracey in 1883, will Wilhelm Sorensen hold its 29th annual gathering in Clifton Springs, N. Y., from May 29 NEAR the end of 19II, Pastor Wilto June 5, 19I2. Its object is to pro- helm Sorensen died in Husby in mote missionary fellowship and in- Denmark. He was one of the best crease missionary interest and effec- known missionary writers of Scantiveness, and all who have ever served dinavia, and had done much to inas evangelical missionaries or are now crease interest in the knowledge of under appointment as such, are cor- missionary activity. Born in 1840, he dially invited to join in this confer- became a pastor in 1865, but his great ence and union of prayer. All mission- interest in missions was soon shown aries are offered free entertainment in many articles which he published by the Clifton Springs Sanitarium in the N ordisk Missions Tidskrift during the Conference, while all These were followed in 1895 by a persons interested in missions are larger work. "The Expectations and most welcome at all sessions. Tho the Successes of Modern Missions." general founder and president of In 1899 he became one of the editors the Union has recently been called of the excellent N ordisk Missions home by the Lord of the Harvest, the Tidskrift, in which office he continued blest influence of his efforts continues until his death, and at the time of in the Union. the Edinburgh World Mission Con- ference he had become known as the For particulars address the Cor- leader of the missionary cause ~n Denresponding Secretary, Mrs. H. ]. mark, and as such became a valued Bostwick, Clifton Springs, N. Y. member of Commission 1.

Missionary Leaders' Conference MONG the innovations that will Miss Harriet Seymour, of Turkey A characterize the' Missionary Edu- ISS SEYMOUR who filkd thirty- M cation Movement Conference at Silver seven years with fruitful labor Bay on Lake George, July 12-21, this in· Harpoot, Turkey, and then retired year, will be a special program for because she had not the strength to laymen under the leadership of Mr. labor longer, has recently gone to her ]. Campbell White, general secretary reward. During her long period of of the Laymen's Missionary Move- service she visited America only once.

ment. She was a deeply spiritual woman and There will be another series of con- elevated, body and soul, to the work ferences or institutes for pastors led which she felt that her Lord hac!

by Dr. Cornelius H. Patton, Secre- committed to her. AND MISSION LANDS THE STORY OF KOREA. By Joseph H. Long- weapon in their hands that has never ford. 8vo, 400 pp. T. Fisher Unwin, London, 1911. failed them. The word and will of Here is a scholarly and succinct their Emperor are sacred. His comaccount of the Korean people from the dawn of their history three thousand mands are received with all the reveryears ago up to the annexation of the peninsula by Japan. Mr. Longford, ential obedience that we theoretically the author of the "Story of Old Japan," was for a number of years British render to those of the Decalog. Fifconsul in the Sunrise Kingdom. teen years ago there was an extraor- In view of the present relations between the two countries, it is espe- dinary epidemic among the lowest J apcially fitting that one so well versed in the history of Japan should write anese classes, at the great shipping a history of Korea, and if the author's knowledge of Korea's ancient history ports of Japan, of wanton assaults on is as accurate as his acquaintance with recent years, it may be regarded as Europeans. Even ladies were often trustworthy, in historical but not in missionary facts. The country and its the victims. It was brought people, social customs, its history, ancient and modern, relations with Japan, to the Emperor's own knowledge, and China and European Powers, the rise and progress of Christianity, are all an Imperial Rescript at once appeared ably presented. notifying His Majesty's disapproval of Korea has frequently been cited as a country incompetent of self-govern- such acts. The assaults ceased at once. ment, but, according to Mr. Longford, the reigns of the two dynasties When Japan, by one stroke of the preceding the Japanese invasion in the sixteenth century would compare fa- pen, added ten million people to her vorably with that of any European nation of the same time. citizens . another Imperial Re- 'While unsparing in his denunciation script appeared in which His Majesty of Japan's barbarous treatment of this most unfortunate people in ancient declared that" 'All Koreans under his times, and while recognizing that the present Japanese regime has not yet sway shall enjoy growing prosperity fully "m'ade good," still the author shows entire friendliness and fairness and welfare, and be assured of repose toward the regime at the time of the annexation, and expresses confidence and security,' and called upon 'all his that success will ultimately crown the undertaking. officials and authorities to fulfil their At the close of his chapter on the duties in appreciation of his will.' . . Japanese Protectorate, Mr. Longford states his position in a striking man- "The Japanese have a great task bener: fore them, before they can remedy the "The Japanese have one great errors which they have made in Ko- rea during the past thirty years, and let the curtain of oblivion fall over the many glaring misdeeds which have too often covered their administration with shame. The present writer believes that they will show themselves equal to their task, that they will prove not unworthy of the high position which they hold as the equal of the greatest Christian Powers of the world, and that they will, in deference to the com- mands of their Emperor, bring all the blessings of good and honest govern- ment to a people who have been the most misgoverned on earth."

The author gives a clear and com- paratively full account of early Roman Catholic missions in the Peninsula (from Roman Catholic sources). It is to be regretted that the phenomenal success of the modern Protestant missionary movement in Korea is only mission schools have been used by Kobriefly referred to, and in the four rean agitators to foster a spirit of repages devoted to this subject are founel bellion. We think the author does not many inaccuracies in statement, anel give sufficient weight to the charges some in spelling. of oppression and lack of considera- tion brought against the Japanese mili- On the subject of modern missions tary forces. The author discredits, the writer has evidently not taken however, the insinuation that missionsufficient pains 11:0 gather either full aries are responsible for Korean or accurate information. He says for example, that the "Prelatists and hostility to Japanese authority. There Presbyterians, Baptists and Method- has been, and is still, very good ists, the Salvation Army, the Young grounds for criticism of the actions Men's Christian Association, and per- of some of the Japanese officers haps a score of others, have now their and men stationed in Korea, but misrepresentative missions in Korea." sionaries have refused to take sides in Instead of "a score" it should read two political questions, and have uniformly or three. Moreover, he gives an erro- advised Koreans to be loyal to their neous impression of conflicting and new rulers. It may be true that some confusing denominations, whereas, Koreans adopt Christianity as a cloak aside from the prelatical missions, the to cover their hostility toward Japan, whole country is harmoniously divided but these are not numerous, and would between the Methodists and Presby- soon be discovered if Japanese authoriterians. Christian union and coopera- ties cooperated more harmoniously tion is remarkable in Korean missions. with the missionaries. The greatest cause of misgiving is the fact that the On the whole, however, the book is military, not the civil, authorities are to be strongly recommended to all who in control in Korea, and that they inare interested in watching God's move- tend to remain in power as long as ments in history. A copious index and possible. excellent illustrations and a map add much to the worth of the volume. SOME GREAT LEADERS IN THE WORLD MOVE- AMERICAN-JAPANESE RELATIONS. By Ki- MENT. By Robert E. Speer. 12mo, 295 yoshi K. Kawakami. 12mo, 370 pp. DJ). $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., $2.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New 1911. York, 1912. Raymund Lull, William Carey, Mr. Kawakami is, as his name im- Alexander Duff, Charles George Gorplies, a Japanese. His book gives a clan are names to conjure with, and clear, intelligent, fair-minded presen- Robert E. Speer is a man who knows tation of the important questions re- well how to tell a life story so as to lating to the Japanese in Manchuria, impress its message. George Bowen, in Korea, and in America. No doubt the Christian mystic of India, and Lord the author takes the views most favor- John Lawrence, the Christian statesable to the Japanese plans and policy, man, are not so well known by the and may not give sufficient weight to American public, but they are worth the charges of unlawful ambition in knowing, and are here well introduced. M.anchuria and unmerciful severity in These brief biographies are stimulat- Korea, but his statement of these ing to the reader, and offer excellent questions and their solution is well material with which to stimulate worth reading. Mr. Kawakami is evi- others. dently a man of fine spirit, who believes there should be and will be no HUDSON TAYLOR IN EARLY YEARS. By Dr. war between America and his country. and Mrs. Howard Taylor. Illustrated. He also holds that Japanese rule in 8vo, 511 pp. 7s. 6d. Morgen & Scott, Korea will be a blessing to that land. London. $2.25. George E. Doran, He speaks highly of the work of New York, 1911. American missionaries, but claims that It is a difficult matter to portray a soul or to describe its growth, but this is what Dr. and Mrs. Taylor have at-

ON MISSIONS AND MISSION LANDS

tempted in great detail in their por- CHRIS.TIAN MISSIONS IN THE TELUGU COUNtrait of the famous founder of the TRY. By G. Hibbert-Ware. Illustrated. China Inland Mission. The result is 12mo, 216 pp. 2s., net. S. P. G., Lona volume full of instruction and of don, 1912. inspiration, tho at times somewhat too minute in its delineation. The Telugus of India have been re- markably responsive to the Gospel of The story of Hudson Taylor's life Christ. American Baptists, Methodis remarkable, first of all for the in- ists, Congregationalists, and Reformed sight it gives into the influences that and others have brought many into the molded the life of the child and the Church. This volume tells the story young man and prepared him for the of the work of the Anglican missions experiences and service which God among the same people. The first two had in view for him. The missionary chapters are occupied with describing is portrayed as a young man of re- the country and people; the last two markably serious and sensitive nature; refer to the work of the Church Mishis letters as a lad read like those of sionary Society and the London Misa mature Christian. He imposed on sionary Society. The remainder of himself a course of training to pre- the book gives an excellent account pare himself for future hardship in of the work of the S. P. G. and its China, and put God to the test as a fruitful results. prayer-hearing and a prayer-answering God. Some of his experiences A PRIMER OF HINDUISM. ]. N. Farquhar. are noteworthy, and clearly fitted him 12mo, paper. Christian Literature Sofor his future trials and the leader- ciety for India, Madras, 1911. ship of the greatest interdenominational missionary society of the world. Mr. Farquhar's intimate knowledge of the subject, his fairness and dis- It is, perhaps, an idealized portrait crimination, are revealed in his article that has been presented-or Hudson that appeared in the April number of Taylor's only faults were too great the REVIEW. In the present "primer" introspection and hypersensitiveness. he takes up the subject more in detail, The lessons are clearly and forcefully giving an outline of the history of drawn-as great as those from the Hinduism from the beginning, and an lives of George Muller or William estimate of Hinduism as a system. Carey. The reality of God is shown This is the best brief presentation of by practical experience; His readiness the subject we have ever seen. It has to answer believing prayer; His abil- a bibliography and is adapted for a ity to provide for temporal needs in course of study. the greatest extremity; His leadership in affairs great and small. SEVENTEEN YEARS AMONG THE SEA DYAKS OF BORNEO. By Edwin H. Gomes. Il- INDIA AWAKENING. By Sherwood Eddy. 12010, 273 pp. SOc. Missionary Edu- lustrated. 8vo, 343 pp. $3.50, net. ]. cation Movement, New York, 1911. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia, 1912. A comprehensive and hopeful picture of India is here presented by one The head-hunters of North Borneo who has been for fifteen years a self- are a remarkable and an exceedingly supporting missionary there. He has interesting people, and Mr. Gomes has traveled all over the land, so that his succeeded in giving an illuminating experience and knowledge are unusu- and attractive picture of their life, ally wide-spread and intimate. The character and customs. He shows us text-book Mr. Eddy has given us is the dusky children of the jungle in worthy of the man and the subject. their primitive community houses, with It is a sane spiritual view! of the their daily life from birth to death, people and their needs. It is packed their fear of evil spirits and their refull of information, has a good map ligious beliefs, their virtues and their and a full table of statistics. faults, their traditions and folklore, their work and play. The people are worth knowing, and this volume brings us into intimate acquaintance with them.

The Dyaks have many excellent TWENTY YEARS OF PIONEER MISSIONS IN qualities, are as a rule hard-working NYASALANIl. A History of Moravian and honest, and they have a well-ob- Missions in German East Africa. By served moral code. At the same time they are ignorant of God and true Bishop 1. Taylor Hamilton, D.D. Il- ideals of life. They live a mere animal existence, have little regard for lustrated, 12mo, 192 pp. $1.25. Morahuman life, and think little of sexual vian Bookstore, Bethlehem, Pa., 1912. intimacy among unmarried youths. JAPAN OF THE JAPANESE. By J. H. Long- The Church of England (S. P. G.) and the Roman Catholics are working ford. 8vo. Charles Scribner's Sons, among the Sea Dyaks of Sarawak, but New York, 1912. find it difficult to secure large results, REDEMPTION OF THE CITY. By C. Hatch owing to the manner of life and the Sears. SOc. Griffith & Rowland, Philaindifference of the people. Their fu- delphia, 1912. ture is not bright as a race. They will THE GIRL THAT GOES 'NRONG. By Reginald probably die out; the only hope is in Wright Kaufman. 12mo. $1.25, net. the education of the children in the Moffat, Yard & Co., New York. Christian faith and life. Anyone will WHERE HALF THE WORLIJ Is WAKING UP. find the book most entertaining and in- By Clarence Poe. Illustrated. $1.25, structive. net. Doubleday, Page & Co., Garden City, N. Y. THE MIRROR OF HINDU PHILOSOPHICAL THE RUSSIAN PEOPLE. By Maurice Baring. SYSTEMS. By Nehemiah Goreh. 12mo, 8vo. $3.50. George H. Doran Co., 384 pp. Translated by Fitz-Edward New York. Hall. Third Edition. Christian Litera- TURKEY AND ITs PEOPLE. By Sir Edwin ture Society for India, Madras, 1911. Pears. 8vo. $3.50, net. George H. Doran Co., New York. A Benares Pundit wrote the original CHILE AND HER PEOPLE OF TO-DAY. By book of which this is a translation. He Nevin O. Winter. $3.00. Three-quarspoke from intimate knowledge of the ters morocco. $7.00. L. C. Page & philosophy of Hinduism and its effect Co., Boston, 1912. on the people of India. The discus- AMONG THE ESKIMOS OF LABRADOR. By S. sions are somewhat abstruse for the K. Hutton, M.B. Illustrated, 16s. net. average reader, but they give a valu- Seeley, Service & Co., London, 19'12. able course of study for missionaries, CALL OF CHRIST. A Story of Foreign Misstudents, and others, who would delve sions. By Rev. R. H. Crozier, D.D. more deeply into the system and its 220 pp. Whittet & Shepperson, Richliterature. Hindu theology and ethics mond, Va., 1912. are set forth by one who speaks with THE ADVANCE GUARD 0];' MISSIONS.. By authority. Clifford G. Howell. 12mo, 347 pp. Pa- cific Press Publishing Association, NEW BOOKS Mountain View, Cal. 1912. INDIA AND DAILY LIFE IN BENGAL. By THE MISSION OF OUR NATION. By James Rev. Z. F. Griffin, B.D. Illustrated, Franklin Love, D.D. 12mo, 240 pp. 12mo, 214 pp. $1.00, net. American $1.00, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Baptist Publishing Society, Philadel- York. phia.

CHRISTIAN AND MOHAMMEDAN. A Plea for TRUE EVANGELISM. By Lewis Sperry Bridging the Chasm. By George F. Chafer. 12mo, 159 pp. SOc., net. Gos- Herrick. Illustrated, 12mo, 2S3 pp. pel Publishing House, Bible School $1.25, net. Fleming H. Revell Co., New Park, N. Y. 1912. York. PAMPHLETS CHRISTIANITY AND THE SOCIAL CRISIS. By Walter Rauschenbusch. 12mo, 429 pp. CHURCH UNITY AND INTERCESSION. Chas. SOc., net. Macmillan Company, New Brown, D.D., W. Goudie, H. Elvet York, 1912. Lewis, M.A., E. Graham Ingham, D.D., H. L. C. V. de Candole, M.A., F. L. CONSERVATION OF THE SPIRITUAL LIFE. As Denman, M.A., Contributors. 8<t: pp. Taught by St. John. By Marcus L. Is., net. Evangelical Alliance, London, Gray. 12mo, 137 pp. $1.25. W. B. 1912. Palmore, 3504 Washington AYe., St. Louis, Mo. AMERICAN BAPTIST MIS·SION PRESS, Ran- goon, Burma. By F. D. Phinney, Sn- perintendent. 100 pp. 15c. American Baptist Missions Press, Rangoon, 1912.

THE CaURCH MISSIONARY COMMITTEE. A Manual of Suggestions on a Unified Program of Mis5ionary Education and Giving in the Local Church. 5c. American Baptist Foreign Mission So- ciety, Boston, 1912.

The Missionary Review of the World — March 1910

A COUNTRY HOME UNDER THE PALMS IN PORTO

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH AND MANSE AT AGUADILLA, PORTO RICO

CJ"he fAlissionary CJ?.ev{ew

of the World Published by Funk and Wagnalls Company (Isaac K. Funk, Pres., A. W. W~gnans, Vice-Pres., Robert J. Cuddihy, Treu., It.obolrt Seott, Sec',." oU-UO E. 23d St.. New York.

VOL. XXXIII. No.3 MARCH, 1910 VOL. XXIII. No. 3 Old Series New S.r;•• SIGNS OF THE TIMES CONDITIONS IN RUSSIA Greek Church and became Moslems between April I, 19°5, and January I, Revolution in the great northern J909! What surprizes us still more is empire is evidently not exhausted. In the statement that these apostasies December alone, and in St. Peters- have not been in Asiatic Russia, in burg alone, and on one day, 37 death parts of which Islam holds full sway, penalties were imposed, and 17 exe- but that 49,000, or 98 per cent, of the cutions took place. The Jews are still apostasies were reported from the the victims of persecution, and out- European provinces of the empire. breaks have been specially prominent in Finland, where they were driven The reason for these conversions to from home by hundreds to freeze or Islam is not stated, but numbers of starve in fields or forests. Russian Jews some time ago were re- ported to have declared their inten- There is, however, a marked interest tion to become Mohammedans to esamong students in religious questions. cape service in the Russian army. But these conversions of Jews to Mohamis Amid much infidelity and loose moral- medanism ceased almost altogether as soon as it became clear that this step ity there a spirit of unrest and would not bring exemption from miliinquiry. Large audiences will gather, tary service. It is possible that some if permitted to do so by the police, to similar temporal advantage has listen to Christian speakers from Eng- caused the recent apostasies to Islam, land and America. The Holy Synod but the official report gives no explarecently voted unanimously to request nation. the government to permit no more missionaries to speak on religious REFORM IN ASIATIC TURKEY themes in Russia. Religious liberty has, however, progrest too far to On December 11-12, twenty-six permit of such a prohibition. Russia Moslems were executed at Adana for is undoubtedly in an inquiring mood, inciting and abetting the massacre of and needs our prayers. 30,000 Christian Armenians in April previous. The death penalty was ad- THE SPREAD OF ISLAM IN RUSSIA ministered in presence of vast crowds, but even the lamentations of relatives The astounding intelligence is con- did not avail to save the condemned. tained in a statistical report which the Few outsiders believed that these sa- Russian Secretary of the Interior has cred followers of the false prophet recently published concerning apostasy would ever be brought to justice. The from the Greek Orthodox Church. This report officially declares that more than 50,000 Russians left the

leaders of the Young Turk party made a fine showing and stirred the pledged themselves to punish the enthusiasm of the delegates. The leaders in these massacres; but the Bezatel School of Trades and Arts, previous course of the deposed Sultan founded by Professor Boris Schatz in had made all faith in such promises Jerusalem some eight years ago, and difficult. A general amnesty was giving support to I70 people, had a more looked for than a particular ret- fine exhibit of the school's products- ribution. Surely even Turkey is Persian carpets, wood-carvings, ex- moving. quisite filigree and metal work, laces, THE ZIONIST PROGRAM OF THE drawings, etc. The proposed tech- JEWS nical institute at Haifa is soon to be The Ninth Zionist Congress met in erected, prominent Jews in Europe Hamburg, Germany, on December and America who have never been 25th, and closed on December 31st. It identified with the cause of Zionism was attended by Jewish delegates and having become interested (Jacob visitors, numbering about 3,000, who Schiff, of New York, and Julius hailed from every part of the world. Rosenwald, of Chicago, were men- Russia was represented by 136 dele- tioned as large contributors, and Dr.

gates, of whom one came from Chita, Emil G. Hirsch, of Chicago, whom Siberia, and had to travel 21 days, the none could call a Zionist, as having entire length of the Trans-Siberian promised an annual subscription). A Railway, to reach the congress. The laboratory for scientific agricultural English delegation numbered about research is soon to be established at 70, Germany sent over 40, and the Zikhron Jacob in Palestine by Dr.

United States and Canada were both Aronson; the Olive Plantation has well represented. Many Jewish aca- acquired three estates, one near the demic societies and fraternities from Lake of Tiberias, and two. southwest German universities also were repre- between Jaffa and Jerusalem; and a sented. land development company was pro- The official language of the con- posed by Dr. Oppenheimer, a famous gress was German, but interpreters political economist, and $10,000 was were on the platform ready to convey pledged for it within an hour.

to the delegates the meaning of every The two most important questions action in English, Russian, and He- before the congress were; 1. Has the brew, altho there were few who could revolution in Turkey upset the Zionist not speak two or three languages program? II. Will the congress con- fluently. sent to the transfer of all available The attitude of the majority of the means of the Zionist movement to delegates was thal of apparent impa- Palestine? With the first question the tience, of a' desire to do things, and to president, Herr W olfsohn, dealt in his do them at once. "Since Palestine is opening address. He insisted on the awakening before the eyes of the consistency of the Basle program, that world, the Zionist movement must "Zionism aims at a publicly recog- take quick advantage of the situation," nized, legally assured home for the seemed to be the underlying idea. Jewish people in Palestine," and said The various activities in Palestine that the changes in Turkey have not

SIGNS OF THE

made necessary an alteration. He was CHINA'S ATTITUDE TOWARD CHRISTIANITY seconded by Dr. Max Nordau in a According to Missionary Schultze masterly, clear, and incisive address, of the Basel Missionary Society, there is much outward public recognition of which utterly rejected assimilation. Christian missions, but in reality fre- quent secret hindrance and aggrava- He said, "You are Zionists just be- tion. The mandarins deliver eloquent and laudatory addresses at the opencause you do not wish to'disappear as ings of missionary schools, yet these schools are still without rights. Set- Jews. You wish to go to Palestine, tlement in the interior is made difficult for the missionaries by hindering and the land of your fathers, to live and delaying the acquisition of land under the mask of judicial rulings. A very develop there as national Jews." Loy- peculiar request has been received by several missions, viz., to furnish the alty to the Turkish Government, he government with information con- cerning number, sex, residence, and pledged, but "solely as a Jewish na- even names of their church-members. A Chinese newspaper, commenting tionality." "Our idea is to see a upon this request, said that it is not in the interest of the Christians if so Jewish people in the land of its fath- many ill-famed persons call themselves falsely Christians, and that therefore ers. Of this idea I will not every convert to Christianity better announce his conversion in the magissurrender an iota. On this point there trate's office. The request seems to be of doubtful friendliness to everyone can be no concession." acquainted with heathen governments.

At the same time the congress re- THE PROGRAM FOR THE KONGO solved to answer the second question The new Belgian King gives hope for a new. order of things in the before them by ordering the grad- Kongo State. He is a very different type of man from his late uncle Leoual transfer of all Zionist capital paid; and while his statesmanship, force of character and ability to rule to Palestine, and thus making the land have not yet been tested, his prin- ciples and private life have none of the of their fathers the only center for its stigma and stain that marked the character and habits of the late king. financial and industrial operations. King Albert, the new ruler, has him- This action is especially significant, self visited the Kongo, and is reported to have been much shocked by the conbecause the national fund has already ditions that he discovered there. He reached the respectable amount of $400,000.

Dr. Herzl's pamphlet, "The Jewish State," made its appearance thirteen years ago. Thus, according to Jewish law, Zionism is of age and it may proudly celebrate its "Bar Mitz wah."

It has survived the death of its great leader and founder, Theodore Herzl, and the falling away of some of its most ardent s11pporters in its infancy.

It has steadily ga;ned in popularity and strength, as no other Jewish or- ganization has done. And while it has not achieved any practical results within the years of its existence, it has united Jews from every country where there are Jewish settlements for one common aim and cause and pur- pose. Thus it may well be called "the shaking of the dry bones."

is not as ardent a Roman Catholic as of the Lualaba and the basin of the his uncle, and probably will not there- Dele, and on July I, 1912, the refore be so partial to Roman Catholic mainder of the State will be included missions and so unfavorable to Prot- -except the territories held by the estant workers as has been the case concessionary companies. This is a up to the present time. most important exception and they include thousands of square miles of The new Belgian Minister of the the most productive land. Forced Colonies, M. Renkin, has published labor is to disappear-except again in his proposed measures of reform, works of public utility. which, tho far from adequate, are a concession that there are evils that The advocates of thorough reform need to be remedied. are not satisfied with this program and call for an international conference. The Kongo State, when it was It is evident that the concessionary founded by Henry M. Stanley and companies fear the disclosures and re- King Leopold, was intended to be in- sults of such a conference, but it is ternational in its personnel. The first demanded in the interests of humanity two governors, Stanley and Sir Fran- and fair play. Another unsatisfactory cis de Winton, were British, and other feature is that the communal and officials came from many countries. tribal claims of the natives are wholly But gradually the greed for gold took disregarded. The Kongo people have hold of Leopold and his bureaucrats, no rights to the products of the counand they determined to develop and try which the Belgians hold thembleed the country for their own bene- selves bound to respect. There is apfit. Leopold came to look on the State parently no disposition among the as his own private preserves, and the Belgians to make the Kongo a desirnatives suffered in consequence. The able place for the native peoples. missions-except the Roman Catholic -were hindered in many ways, rights CHRISTIAN PROGRESS IN JAPAN of acquiring property and trade were denied and natives were enslaved, The achievements of the past fifty maimed .and killed through effort to years of Christian missions in Japan increase personal profits. are worth noting. There have not been the mass movements noted in The scheme for reform proposed by India and Korea, but there have been M. Renkin recognizes the right of na· some marked signs of progress that tives to harvest the products of the promise still better things for the soil and the right of other natives to future: freedom of commerce. These reforms are to be brought about in three ( J) Self-support has been largely stages. From July I, 1910, they are effected by the Church tho it is only to become operative over about half 37 years old, and it was 13 years after of the State (the greater part of the work began before the Church was Belgian bank of the Dbangi, both organized. banks of the Lower and Middle Kongo, and the whole basin of the There are a very large number of Kasai River). A year later, they will prominent men among the membersbecome operative over the left bank the greater newspapers are being edit- ed and staffed by graduates of mission

OF THE

schools and other Christians-states- treated with great hostility by the tribe men, officials, reformers, and philan- of the Laewombas, who live along the thropists show a disproportionately Markham River. At last Missionary large percentage of Christians.' Lehner, of Arcona, went to the Lae- wombas as a messenger of peace. The There is an increasing respect for blessing of the Lord rested upon his Christianity among educated classes, efforts, so that the door to the thickly whether adherents or not. populated district is now open and a number of new stations will be opened The wide-spread effects of Chris- soon. tianity are also noticeable upon social standards, and on public and private The work all over New Guinea is morality; Christ has a reviving and progressing wonderfully. Upon the 12 cleansing effect upon the decaying re- stations and the missionary plantation ligious systems of Old Japan. 24 European missionaries and I I na- tive helpers are employed, while the Encouraging as this is, there is missionary schools have 440 boys and still a more formidable array of work 154 girls in attendance, and the trainthat remains to be attempted. Notice ing-school for native helpers has 7 that out of 50,000,000, only 100,000 pupils. During 1909, 228 heathen are Christians, leaving 49,000,000 non- were baptized, so that the total number Christians; and of these probably 40,- of native Christians is now about 000,000 are absolutely untouched! 2,000. The number of inquirers is And out of less than 800 missionaries, also very large-upon the station there are 650 congested in only ten Warea more than 2oo-and the movecities, where are also five-sevenths of ment .toward Christianity among the all Japanese workers and churches! heathen is strong. Together with this Three-quarters of the missionary body goes an increased desire after the are in Tokyo and Yokohama, which blessings of cu1ture and civilization. were only 3,000,000 out of 47,000,000 Better houses are being erected by the of the population. The great need of natives, roads are made, and larger to-day is workers for the evangeliza- fields are cultivated and planted. The tion of the interior of Japan. The planting of coffee and rubber has been masses, the industrial and agricultural commenced, and the rule that every classes, are still untouched, and in newly bap-tized heathen must plant at large measure unapproached! least one palm-tree is rigidly enforced. The income of the society, which has There is a dearth of Japanese pastors a little station in Queensland, Austraand workers; there are more churches lia, also, was about $26,000, so that a than can be manned, and there are deficit of $12,440 was incurred. some unsatisfactory men in the service. Concentration is good, and spe- Missionary Lehner writes from his cialization is good; but we must not station, "Ofttimes we wish that neglect the country work, and the the friends of our work might join us masses. and enjoy the wonderful changes which the Gospel has wrought and see THE OPEN DOOR IN NEW GUINEA the sights which cheer our hearts on every Saturday afternoon and on the The Neuendettelsau Missionary Society reports great opportunities in Kaiser Wilhelm's Land, New Guinea. For many years the missionaries were

morning and the afternoon of every new life to the revolutionary party Lord's day. Crowds of cleanly clad and also prevented fighting in the natives approach the little church Bluefields district, where the Mofrom all villages, and four or five hun- ravians are at work. dred people gather to listen to the message of the missionary. The most THE SPREAD OF MORMONISM remarkable thing to me, however, is the fact that men, who formerly were Rev. John D. Nutting, who is conwild heathen and mostly lived in bitter ducting vigorously the undenominaenmity toward each other, now listen tional Utah Gospel Mission, calls together to the Word of God. During attention to the startling spread of the first years of my labors here I fre- Mormonism throughout the world. quently stood helplessly and power- Nearly 2,000 Mormon emissaries are lessly before the stupid heathen, who quietly working from house to house did not want knowledge, and in de- all the time, in this and other lands, jection I often sat upon the floor of the and their crafty, personal, and perseboat which carried me back to the vering methods snare the souls of station! And now the people walk many who are lacking in clear docmany miles to be present at the serv- trinal conceptions. With its immense ices, and the church is always crowded tithing receipts Mormonism is almost with attentive listeners! Truly, it is without financial limitations, and with the time of harvest, wrought by the practical control over the lives of its Lord Himself. Whoever loves Him, youth, it can command all the workers should rejoice with us." it needs. None of these workers re- ceive any salary, tho friends provide REVOLUTIONS AND MISSIONS IN the expenses frequently, and in their NICARAGUA devotion to the cause which they rep- resent, they are willing to undergo Political disturbances always inter- much hardship and suffering. Thus rupt religious work. Men's thoughts Mormonism is at work outside Utah are so absorbed with the affairs of and its spread is amazing. In the state that they neglect the affairs of South and East of our land its emisthe kingdom. In addition to this, op- saries delude respectable people into position to missionary work is often selling their property and going West. experienced from a hostile party or A recent Mormon paper told of eight government. This has been true in places in Western Pennsylvania where Nicaragua, the little Central Amer- "elders" were then working with sucican state where the Moravian mis- cess. Another Mormon paper brought sionaries are at work on the east the reports from Northern Illinois coast. Conference, Eastern States Mission, Southern States Mission, Central The tumults of war have not States Mission, Northern States Mistouched the Indian stations of the sion, Western Stations, Northwestern mission, as their geographical location States Mission, California Mission, separates them from the disturbed dis- and Australia Mission. All of these tricts. The United States Govern- are reporting abundant labors and ment, by coming to the suppc,:-t c£ Es- great success of the "elders." trada and discrediting Zelaya, gave

AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN

THE CHRISTIAN'S ATTITUDE TOWARD OTHER FAITHS BY ROBERT E. SPEER, M.A., NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions Consi.tency fucius idealized and transcended in our Master, and Japan her beggarly 1. First of all, it should be con- elements glorified in the Christian insistent. Christianity in the mission- heritance, and India her sublime ary enterprise, in its special lectures names taken out of the region of and representatives, and in its recep- imagination and in our Lord made the tion of representatives of the non- equivalent of the moral order of the Christian religions when they visit universe, we can not expect them to Western lands, should take one con- become His disciples." This is presistent position. The relations of cisely the attitude of the missionary Christianity to other religions are not movement. It welcomes and uses and variable. If it is our right and duty completes all that it can. It borrows to take one attitude in foreign mis- all the familiar vocabulary that can be sions, and to project an enterprise on m'lde tributary to the larger truth. It the conviction that Christianity is the universal religion and ought to be the r00t:; its cor.ceptions in whatever is personal faith of every man, it is found akin to them. It makes any neither fair nor truthful to belie that such kindred ideas the grounds of its attitude in any of our relations. address to the people abroad and of Recognize the Good the appeal to the home Church. It is only on what is common ground that 2. Christianity should joyfully rec- men can meet. It is the power alognize all the good that is in the non- ready working in men that is to be Christian religions and build upon it. redeemed and consecrated and en- This is the attitude it has taken from larged and turned to the will of God. the beginning of the history of its missionary relations. And this is the The Points of Difference attitude which it takes to-day. It can not build on nothing. It builds, as 3. But in the third place, Christianever, on all that it finds that is capable ity should not slight or ignore the of redemption, all that can be wrought points of difference. These points are into the eternal and universal King- radical. It is from them that the misdom of God. sionary movement springs. If they are of no significance, Christianity's "It is in the power of the Gospel to whole claim, both abroad and at home, enter sympathetically the past of Japan is untenable. But the comparison of and China and the wonderful reach religions reveals the vital or, perhaps and richness of Hindu history, and I should say, the deadly reality of the put upon the whole expanse the light distinctions between Christianity and of its own divine interpretation," says other faiths. Recall Hinduism, for Dr. George Gordon. "It can, in a example, as the religion whose oppoway, identify itself with the great tra- sition to Christianity to-day rests on ditions of all these people, make them the claim that it includes all the truths live their long histories over again, of Christianity. As Dr. Kellogg has ,and read their deeper meanings into said: " (a) Christianity asserts the itsdf, Until China shall see Con- existence of a personal God. Hindu-

ism denies it. (b) Christianity as- to the conviction that it will rather serts the separateness of man and all creatures from the Creator. Hindu- harm than help our cause to minimize ism affirms that they are all identical with God. (c) Christianity asserts the differences between Christianity the freedom of the will. Hinduism denies it and affirms an unbending ne- and any other religion. If we make cessity. (d) Christianity assumes the trustworthiness of our own conscious- 'tYheaudihffaevreenbcuets slight, and say ftourmtheenr,, ness. Hinduism denies it; all is maya, to come a little illusion." get a little more, and you will be Christianity has far more that is unique than appears until we have Christians,' one of two things will compared it with other religions. It is the actual comparison which brings surely follow. Either-and this will out the enormous differences. Even where there appear to be resem- be at present most frequently the case blances between Christianity and other religions, they are underlain by in India and China-the one appealed deeper differences. In the matter of the idea of incarnation, for example. to will respond, 'If the difference is the resemblance is merely verbal. The incarnations of Hinduism were not in- slight, since the change to me will be carnations of a personal and self-conscious being. They were "means by so great in leaving my ancestral faith which a being, impersonal and incapable by itself of attaining to conscious and encountering certain persecution, existence, is enabled through contact with matter to attain to personality." I will take the chances and stay where This may be called an incarnation, but it is not an incarnation in the Chris- I am.' Or-and this would more fretian sense at all. To say that Christianity and Hinduism are alike in the quently happen in Japan-he will say, idea of incarnation is not true. The truth is not served by the denial or 'I come,' and bring all his heathenism suppression of the truth, and many have risen from the actual comparison with him, presuming that it will be of the world's religions with the judgment with which the just-minded quite consistent with Christianity. Edward Lawrence returned from a careful study of the people and be- The Japanese are sensitive to-day liefs of Asia: about being called heathens, which is "With every disposition to recognize whatever of truth and good may a most hopeful sign. But it will not be found in the great Oriental religions, I have been more and more led make them any less heathen to call them Christians until they become so through allegiance to Jesus Christ. In Asia, as in Europe and America, Christianity is strong, and is to remain so, through the imperiousness of its claims, and through the absolute as- sent and exclusive loyalty which it de- mands. Be the effect of other re- ligions what it may, whether Judaism or Mohammedanism or Hinduism, whether preparatory or obstructive, or both at once, Christianity treats every one of them as a usurper on the throne and a misleader of the human heart from its true allegiance."

No Compromise 4· Christianity should make no compromises, but anticipate its own victorious triumph. This is the view of the political statesman who is also the Christian man. "If there is any significance in Christian missions," said the Han. John W. Foster on his return in 1894 from a trip around the world, "they mean that the world must be conquered for Christ. The

AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

spirit of Christianity, while it incul- ments of our time. The New Hinducates charity toward our erring broth- ism, Vedantism, the Arya Samaj, the ers, tolerates no other religion. Neither various reform movements in India, in Japan nor in any other land can the whole altered ethical standard of Christianity be compromised with the higher Hinduism and the deepest Buddhism or any other Christless re- stirrings among the Hindu peoples, are ligion." And this is the view, also, of the direct product of the Christian the modern liberal theologian who is spirit working on India most purely )ltt true to Christ and the Christian in the missionary enterprise, which is God: transforming the ideal of the people. Under the same transforming in- "The attitude of the religion that fluences, Shintoism has given up its bears the name of Jesus Christ," says claim to be considered a religion in Dr. William Newton Clarke, "is not Japan. Confucianism is retreating one of compromise, but one of con- il1to a ceremonial in China, Mohamflict and of conquest. It proposed to medanism is dissolving the bands of displace the other religions. The true the Koran, and Buddhism is taking state of the case must not be forgotten, over from Christianity everything but namely, that Christianity sets out for its names and its power. victory. The intention to conquer is characteristic of the Gospel. This was "A friend of mine," writes a resithe aim of its youth when it went dent in Japan, "was talking with a forth among the religions that then certain Buddhist lady about Chrissurrounded it, and with this aim it tianity, when the woman said that she must enter any field in which old re- saw no difference between the teach- Hgions are encumbering the religious ings of the two religions. nature of man. It can not conquer except in love, but in love it intends to "'How is that?' said my friend. conquer. It means to fill the world." 'What makes you say there is no dif- ference ?' We are told to-day that we must cease to use the military metaphors "'Well,' said the woman, 'You with reference to the mission of Chris- ChI istians make much of what you tianity. It is a little hard for us to call The Sermon on the Mount, but do this, who can not easily forget the we have something just like it. In the language of the New Testament. But last copy of my Buddhist paper I read the metaphors are of no consequence. it.' The essential thing is the truth which the metaphor veils and that truth we "When the paper was brought, it believe to be the triumphant, fulfilling was found that it contained something conquest of Christianity and the just like the Sermon on the Mount, sovereignty of Christ's name over for it was the Sermon on the Mount, every name. translated and represented as Budd- hist Scripture." Contributions of Thought We can not welcome deception, 5. Christianity should welcome all conscious or unconscious, nor false transformations of the thought of non- representation. and it is certainly true Christian peoples which bring that that this spread of the truth of Christhought nearer to Christianity. These tianity among the non-Christian peotransformations constitute one of the ples, transforming their thought but greatest intellectual and moral move-

not striking into the very central being "Japan does not believe Christianity,"

and quickening the soul in God by a he says, "because of faulty presenta- regeneration in Christ, makes our tion. The fault can not lie with the problem in some of its aspects much author of our faith; it must lie with harder. Nevertheless, we will rejoice ourselves. . . . If the Japanese re- in all spread of truth among men, be- jects Christianity, it is in most cases lieving that it builds to the Kingdom because he has never had it properly of Christ, and that hali-truth, in spite presented to him."

of all, is better than whole error. But is this all? Does it go to the very center? Are the Japanese so Winning Men different to-day from the Jews in our 6. But Christianity must continue, Lord's day and the Roman world in and all the more as this transformation St. Paul's? Or can it be that our advances, to seek to win individual Lord did not properly present the men away from these religions to Gospel and that St. Paul's presenta- Christianity. If by proselytizing you tion was faulty? No; something more mean winning men from all that is is needed than philosophical adjust- false and evil in the world's religions ment on the part of the hearers, and a and relating them to the one universal less faulty presentation on the part of religion which is all truth and good; the preachers. Men must be born in other words, to make Hindus and again. They must repent. They must Mohammedans Christians, then that is find life in Christ. The old phrases just what we are trying to do. We emphasize the eternal truth. The mis- are proselytizing. And we do not see sionary enterprise is busy producing what else in all the world is worth new moral climates, transforming and doing. The business of every man is enriching and fulfilling the ideals of to find truth, to live it, and to get it the nations, but it is doing these pri- found and lived by all the world. This marily and permanently by making is what we are Christians for. And disciples of Jesus Christ, by finding this change which we seek in individ- men and women who will answer His uals must be a radical and living call and forsake all that they have and change. It is utterly inadequate to follow Him.

describe the invitation of foreign mis- Maintaining Truth sions to the non-Christian peoples as an invitation to philosophical adjust- 7. Christianity should perceive and ment. It is an appeal for regeneration. unswervingly hold to the truth of its We do expect to see "the gradual con- own absolute uniqueness. "He that version of heathenism by the adoption hath not the Son of God hath not the of Christian ideals instead of heathen Life." That is the fundamental law.

ones," and this "to be followed by the We refuse to be led aside by any dis- gradual absorption of paganism into tinctions between the historic Christ the Church," as Mr. Lloyd says in and the essential Christ. We believe "Wheat Among the Tares." Doubt- in a loving God who is the Father of less this day would be hastened if all His children in spite of their de- there were perfect preachers of the nials, and that His loving will is that perfect gospel. Mr. Lloyd thinks so. none should perish, but that all should

CHRISTIANITY AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN

come unto life, and in a grace that has Truth and Ita InterpretadoD sought and is seeking every human heart, and in a Lamb slain from the 8. While we may hope for somebeginning as a propitiation, not for thing in the way of a richer underour sins only, but for the sins of the standing and a fuller interpretation whole world. of Christianity from the new experi- ence of Christians of other races, we All this we believe, and our own may exaggerate this prospect, and duty in view of it is clear. But into what we may hope for is rather from distinctions between two 01rists we the racial qualities of these peoples can not go. It leads us into regions than from their religions. It is to be where there is no foothold. The stated clearly that we look for nothing Christ whom we know and who has from the non-Christian religions to be been life to us is the Christ of history. added to Christianity. Every truth in He that hath the Son hath Life, and these religions is already in Chris- He that hath not the Son of God hath tianity, and it is there proportioned not life. This one law, which is law and balanced as it is not in any because it is fact, is what "distin- of the other religions. Not one single guishes Christianity from all other re- aspect of truth can be named which ligions. It places the religion of these religions are able to contribute Christ," said Professor Drummond in to the religion of the New Testament. "Natural Law in the Spiritual World," But it may be asked, Is not the Orien- "upon a footing altogether unique. tal consciousness to enlarge and en- There is no analogy between Chris- rich our comparatively pinched and tianity and such a religion as Budd- practical conceptions? But is there hism or Mohammedanism. There such a thing as an Oriental consciousis no true sense in which a man can ness? A Western woman is the chief say, 'He that hath Buddha hath Life.' preacher of such a consciousness in Buddha has nothing to do with life. India, and the whole conception of He may have something to do with such a consciousness as a great force morality. He may stimulate, impress, to be dealt with in philosophy and reteach, guide, but there is no distinct ligion has been produced and nournew thing added to the souls of those ished in the West. There is doubtless who profess Buddhism. These re- a rough utility in thus setting the East ligions may be developments of the off against the West, but both East natural and moral man. But Chris- and West are divided within themtianity professes to be more. It is the selves by differences of race and tramental or moral man plus something ditions as great as separate them from else or some one else." Christianity one another. The phrase, the Oriental is showing no kindness to the world consciousness, serves a more or less if it forgets its own character and the useful purpose, but it does not define mission of life with which it is a source Qf new religious knowledge charged. A toleration which betrayed or promise a correction of Christianity. the very life of humanity would be intolerable treason. Christianity must There are some who hold a differrealize and hold immovably its unique ent opinion. "The West has yet much character. to leat;n in the school of Vedanta, so ancient and so meditative," says one

Christian writer. "The West has to sciousness of Asia or from the Chrislearn from the East," says another, tian churches in Asia have been un- "and the East from the West. The fulfilled. All the work of modern questions raised by the Vedanta will scholars in Japan and India has been have to pass into Christianity if the eclectic, a remodeling of old materials. best minds of India are to embrace it; And the Christians of these lands have and the Church of the 'farther East' simply been reliving the ever-old and will doubtless contribute something to ever-new problems of human life in the thought of Christendom of the all ages and in all lands. Those who science of the soul, and of the om- have set out to give us new theologies nipenetrativeness and immanence of or new Christs have only rephrased Deity." the old truths or rearranged the old heresies. Mr. Mazoomdar gave us an "If I were asked," says Max Muller, Oriental Christ, but He was merely "under what sky the human mind has an old Unitarian Christ, less strong, most fully developed some of its less rich, less true, less commanding, choicest gifts, has most deeply pon- less a Christ than the Savior whom the dered on the greatest problems of life Church had known for nineteen cenand has found solutions of them which turies. What can the East add to well deserve the attention of those who Christ? If not, can the East show us have studied Plato and Kant, I should anything that we do not know? Can point to India. If I were to ask my- it give us anything? self from what literature we, here in Europe, may draw that corrective, in Well, it has a great deal to give us. order to make our inner life more per- But it is not Christianity that needs fect, more comprehensive, more uni- its help. It is we. And it is only by versal, and, in fact, more truly a human Christianity that it can give us its life, not for this life only but for a help. And it is not in our thoughts transfigured and eternal life, again I of Christianity that we specially need should point to India." But there are its help. We do not primarily require others, both those who have studied a larger intellectual comprehension of Indian religion and philosophy from the Gospel. Indeed, we can not get afar, unprejudiced by the realities of it by more speculation, by comparison the popular religion, and those who of opinions, by new codifications of have loved India so well that they truth or new efforts to state the life have lived and died for her, who have and will of God and the nature and not found what her speculations could the end of our souls in words. We add to the truth of the Gospel. Some- can only get it b? InClre experience, thing is to come into the temple of more life, the actual occupation of God from India, but only when her humanity by God. It is in the expeconsciousness and her speculations are rience of Christianity that help is humbly laid at the foot of Christ's needed. It is in our living it, in ollr cross and when she has learned by life getting the Gospel embodied in our in Him. life. It is there that the other races are to help us, and it is the races that Thus far our hopes of any original are to help us, not their religions, save contribution in philosophy or theology as those religions have come to emor religion from the quickened con-

AND THE NON-CHRISTIAN RELIGIONS

body in any measure above their error fronts us. It is evident, they say, that the great racial qualities which are to the non-Christian races are to exert a be the contribution of these peoples to more direct and powerful influence the Spirit of God for His use as the upon the Christian peoples, and they materials of the Kingdom of God, the dread the result. That they have to incarnation of the Gospel in the life give, they fear, will be by no means of mankind. The non-Christian peo- wholly good, and they look not for an ples are far better than the evils of emichment but for an impoverishment their religions. Even the sanctifica- of our best life from their contribution of error and lust in the non- tion to it. It may be so. It surely wilI Christian religions has not extirpated be so unless the non-Christian races from these peoples the likeness of God, are redeemed by the Gospel and the which will not be effaced, or that power of the Gospel is allowed to original capacity for Him,for the in- purge their souls and give to their dwelling of His life, for the execu- raw capacities the grace which is to tion of His will of righteousness be their contribution to the ultimate which is to be their contribution to the Christianization of humanity. We universal church. discern anew the grounds on which the missionary enterprise rests. It is It is from these races that the new needed to enable the non-Christian contributions to the Church are to peoples to make their contribution to come. The line of thought in Bishop Christianity. Montgomery's composite volume, "Mankind and the Church," was justly And it is needed to enable Chrischosen,-"an attempt to estimate the tianity to realize itself. So far from contribution of great races to the ful- needing anything from the non-Chrisness of the Church of God." To the tian religions, Christianity needs only extent to which their religions have one thing; that is, to give herself to really supported the strong national the non-Christian peoples. There is qualities of these people, which they wanting in her nothing that other sysare to bring to the enlargement of our tems can provide. There is wanting interpretation of the Gospel by the only the fulfilling of her own true enlargement of our experience of it in character, which is possible only as life, then they have made a contribu- she gives herself, not in the person of tion, but to the extent that they have a few of her sons and daughters, but weakened them, they have increased in all her being and utterances to the the measure of the incumbrance they supreme task of redeeming the world, have been on the life of the world or nay, of bringing the world into the will be if they obstruct the triumph one perfect redemption which has of Christianity. But it is the charac- been already wrought. ters of the various races which Christianity wants to redeem, and use them, The Gospel Mes.age not the speculations of their religions for her reconstruction. 9. I have one concluding word to add. This view of the non-Christian There are those, it must be said, religions and of our attitude to them is who feel grave concern at the issues not the Gospel. It is not this message with which the modern world con- with which we are to go out to the

world. This is what we have to say that they regard most sacred, with to ourselves when we examine the ruthless contempt for the intricate ingrounds of our enterprise and state tertwinings of the buried roots of tares its warrant to the Christian Church. and wheat, "We must not approach But our message to the non-Christian them as if they knew that they were religions is the one simple, positive themselves deficient, and that it was message of Christ. It was after a only pride and obstinacy that preventure in comparative religions at vented them from listening to us," so Athens, of which apparently little came, Archbishop Benson counseled. We that St. Paul wrote to the Corinthians, do not approach them so. We ap- ..I determined to know nothing among proach them as the Bishop of Winyou save Jesus Christ and Him cruci- chester, blind and far advanced in fied." It is with true courtesy and years, counseled Boniface to approach with frank and manly sympathy and the souls to whom he was sent in with a quiet but yearning love that we Hesse, avoiding scrupulously all congo to meet the people of the non- temptuous and violent language, and Christian faiths to win them to the trying above all things to show forth Savior. 'Ne must put ourselves in a spirit of moderation and of patience. their places. How would we wish to It is thus we go to them. We love be approached, how would the Gospel them. It is because we love them that most effectually reach us if we were we go to them. And some day love where they are, with their traditions will win them. It will go out after and long inheritances and sacred them and will wait for them. It may memories and infinitely complicated be kept waiting for long years, but it network of human relationship and of will wait, and at last, in the triumph intellectual ideas and of actual re- of Christ in the world's life and the sponsibilities? Weare asking no completion of the world's life in light thing of men. We must not ap- Christ, it will see of its soul's travail proach them with denunciation of all and be content.

THE NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND DEMANDS OF MISSIONS SEVEN WONDERS OF THE MISSIONARY WORLD BY THE EDITOR-IN-CHIEF As the late Rev. Joseph Cook used nations into close neighborhood; the to say, there are at least seven modern self-reformation of the hermit nations, wonders of the world, far surpassing like Japan, China, Korea; the rapid those of the ancient times; all of them onward march of education and decosmopolitan, or world-wide; all mocracy, in every direction; the worldnovel, or peculiar to our day; and all wide spread and unity of civilization; supernatural, or inexplicable, without and, to these four, he added the modo::rn the divine factor, as to their sudden triumphs of Christianity, the current and simultaneous development. Mr. fulfilment of Biblical prophecy, and Cook instanced the speed of intercom- the establishment on a sure basis of a munication, which brings even remote scientific supernaturalism.

THE NEW DEVELOPMENTS AND DEMANDS OF MISSIONS

This catalog might be amended by Civilization substitution or addition and the new list made to include seven marvels, All this means world-wide and essentially belonging to one category, homogeneous civilization, with educaand developed in our day with a ra- tion and emancipation. Ignorance, supidity and a simultaneousness to which perstition and slavery are of one famno previous age presents any parallel. ily, and are all forms of bondage, tho In no other century can be found any the fetters may be in some cases 011 such signs of general progress in an the intellect, or conscience, and in advance that is not local or excep- others on the body as well. But it is tional, but general, universal, racial, a dangerous to civilize where we are not steady onward march of mankind, as ready to enfranchise. To let men think in the following directions: and learn is to make them free: if we do not emancipate them, they will Exploration and Communication burst their own bonds.

For example, there has been world- Inventions and Discoverie. wide exploration, until we are confident that mankind knows the habit- There are two other modern marvels able globe from pole to pole and which challenge attention: the first is sunrise to sunset, and no really unex- the unparalleled rapidity and multiplored or undiscovered realm remains. tude of new inventions and discov- eries. These alone mark this as the Communication is also world-wide: golden age of all history when, as Mr. steam has been yoked to the ocean- Gladstone said, one decade of years liner and the land carriage; the postal shows more progress than a thousand union links all lands in correspondence at the old pace. There seems a theand interchange; the electric telegraph ology of inventions. God has withand telephc;me establish instantaneous drawn the veil that covered nature's contact-a mark that in one direction arcana of mysteries only when His at least finality has been reached. Church was beginning to gird itself for the great work of a world's evangeliza- Acquaintance and Assimilation tion. The period of the reformation, which signalized the dawn of new Communication means acquaintance, night after the midnight of the dark and acquaintance assimilation. Con- ages, saw suddenly and simultaneously tact dissipates prejudices and creates made available to the race four stunew and mutual understanding. In- pendous helps to missionary enterterchange commercially implies treaty prise-the mariner's compass to guide relations: it becomes an object to fos- vessels, and steam to propel them; the ter good will, and political fraterniza- printing-press to print Bibles with, and tion leads to brotherhood. Pacifica- paper to print them on; and as steam tion, with resort to arbitration instead gave us swift ships and railways, so it of armed conflict, becomes a matter of gave us swift working presses to politics if not of ethics, and a tribunal cheapen and multiply Bibles and reof adjustment, a parliament of man, is ligious literature. Then, when a rea natural result. Ballots displace bul- vival of evangelical faith prepared for, lets. and was succeeded by, a revival of

evangelistic zeal, inventions and dis- factor is 1110st prominent. Great comcoveries multiplied so fast that it was binations and corporations threaten alas tho steam ami electricity had been most to obscure and absorb individyoked to the car of human progress- ualism and dominate the world, while, as tho the mind of man had been some- in other forms of enterprise and effort how endowed with new insight and they are the hope of the Church. As foresight and outreach. in the crisis of a decisive battle a general-in-chief cans out all his re- It is difficult to express adequately serves, God seems to indicate that the the change in conditions. Time and armageddon of the ages is at hand bestrength are relative terms and are cause He is summoning to action an measured not by moments and mus- the available force of the Church. Becles, but by attainments and achieve- fore the Victorian Era the women and ments. He who can crowd an hour's youth of the Church were comparawork into a minute lives practically tively in hiding. They had never sixty times as long, and he who with been organized for work. When one man's vital vigor can wield ten David Abeel in 1834 sounded in Lonmen's power has practically multiplied don his trumpet call in behalf of wohimself into ten. So that man is now, men in the East, shut up in Zenana in effect, a giant, with correspond- seclusion and accessible only to their ingly gigantic powers and possibilities. own sex, British women formed a so- The telescope and microscope have en- ciety for promoting female education larged his vision a thousandfold; the in the East. It was the beginning of telegraph and telephone, his hearing woman's work for woman-only in like proportion; the various me- seventy-five years ago! When ten chanical devices have given him feet years later in the same British methat stride in "sevenleague boots" and tropolis George Williams organized arms that wield weapons mighty as the first Young Men's Christian Asthunderbolts. All this is so marvelous sociation, it was the starting-point in that it is incredible. We who live in organized work on the part of young these days are so dazed by what we men. It naturally suggested a similar are ourselves seeing and doing that we bond among young women. Then, have not waked up to the full force about forty years later, came the Stuand meaning of facts, but are like dent Volunteer Movement, the Young those to whom Paul quoted the words People's Society of Christian Enof God, "I work a work in your days deavor, the Students' Federation now which ye will in no wise believe tho a prevailing in alliands, the recent Layman declare it unto you!" men's Missionary Campaign, and other like forms of organization, Organization which for the first time in history are marshalling the whole body of Christ's If anything can be added to all this disciples into battle-line without reastounding series of marvels, it is gard to age or sex. Here again orworld-wide organization and federa- ganization touches the limits of finaltion. Men are now, as never before, ity, for there is no latent force left to learning the value of united, concen- develop into action, unless we call the trated effort. In every direction and department the social or associated

cradle rol1, and note what the mothers neglect of any field or disproportionate are doing as they bear and rear their activity in any; that there should be a offspring for missionary service, im- steady advance all along the line, and parting enthusiasm for humanity with a harmonious action-a concentration the milk of their breasts. of men and means, and a unity if not uniformity of method, until the whole It is here we feel the stress of the world is actually overtaken in its desmodern missionary era to lie, preem- titution and degradation. inently. Dr. Richter sagaciously divides the missionary development un- Great victories have often been sacder three periods-the Lutheran, the rificed by a want of cooperation at Anglican and the American; the decisive moments; but when a vast Lutheran marked by its emphasis on army can be hurled on a foe without the supernatural factors-the inspired loss of time or needless sacrifice of word, the divine Christ, the Holy force-when from every direction the Spirit in regeneration; the Anglican advance is steady and regular and by the patient development of the na- convergent, sometimes a much smaller tive church with its self-support, self- body of soldiery has proven superior government, self-propagation; and the in valor and efficiency, piercing the American by the new watchword of enemies' center, turning their staggerorganization and concentration for the ing wings, and putting them to rout immediate evangelization of the world. by one overwhelming charge.

To those who study the science and Perhaps this is the question of our art of missions with the eye of an in- day-how to turn to account the imtelligent expert, there is something mense force now organizing as never startling in the recent rapid growth of before for the world's conquest-how this last factor-organization. Such to avoid waste and avail ourselves of students of missions see and hear God, material ready to hand-how to arouse moving and calling, going before the those who are still but half awake and Church, rallying every available dis- employ those who are ready to actciple for active and prompt and per- how to secure the largest number of sistent effort, until every human soul prepared and disciplined men and wohas heard the good tidings; until every men, and the largest amount of consehabitation of darkness and cruelty is crated money to support them; how to flooded with light; until in every land kindle the fires anew on every altar of not only is the Gospel preached, but church and home-to spread the the Church planted, as a witness. knowledge of facts which supply fuel to such a flame, and make the whole Cooperation Church actively and earnestly and self- denyingly alive to the issue. This is a Some think that individual, inde- great problem, but its solution is as pendent efforts should be merged into grand an aim as the enigma is a diffithe greater denominational campaign, cult and perplexing one. And we beto insure responsibility and perma- lieve that God never puts before His nency. But all are agreed that the Church any duty which can not be great demand of our day is movement clone, any difficulty which can not be forward and together~to avoid either met. under-effort or overlapping; to avoid

THe:. LA&I<ADOR ESKIMOS IN 'l:Hl::.Ht. KAYAK

MISSIONARY WORK IN LABRADOR * BY REV. JAMES H. TAYLOR, WASHINGTON, D. C. Secretary of the Washington Branch of the Grenfell Association Altho Labrador lies practically be- and hardy set of navigators who steer tween the same parallels of -latitude as their craft with marvelous skill along the British isles, yet the coast of the this wreck-strewn coast.

former is very bleak and cold, due to Missionary work on the Labrador the fact that the Arctic current skirts dates from the arrival of the Moraits shore for many miles. This, in ad- vians, who came to bring the Gospel dition to the fog which is very preva- to the Eskimo. In recent years Dr. lent, especially in the Straits of Belle Wilfred Grenfell has been at work Isle, makes this one of the most dan- with his hospital ship and launches, as gerous coasts on this side of the At- well as with a number of hospitals lolantic. The rocky headlands rising cated at convenient points on the abruptly from the sea, the shoals of coast. Before the arrival of the Morock extending under the water, to- ravians, the Hudson's Bay Company gether with the innumerable islands had been trading in that part of the of rock that extend like a great fringe continent for many years. In 1670 from Battle Harbor to Cape Chidley, Charles the Second granted a charter furnish a coast both picturesque and to Prince Rupert and "seventeen other perilous. It is no wonder that these noblemen and gentlemen, giving them conditions have developed a daring the sole trade and commerce of all • There does not seem to be a ny satjsfactory reason why Labrador should be spoken of as The Labrador, unless it is a contracted form for The Labrador Coast. At any rate the definite article Is nearly always prefixt to this nameJ and One becomes quite accustomed to hearing it. The origin of the name Labrador is somewhat hidden in mystery. tho variotts explanations have been given. The name Le bras d'or given by the early settlers has been sometimes accepted as an explanation; a name given on account of the supposed discovery of 50me kind of ore, possibly copper Or iron pyrites, similar to what may be seen on the shores of Newfoundland.

MISSIONARY WORK IN LABRADOR

those seas, straits, bays, rivers, lakes, body of people that they went into creeks and sounds, etc." By this this unknown region and, deprived of grant the Hudson's Bay Company had all but the most infrequent means of unlimited rights to this region, and it communication and cut off to an un- was not until 1749 that any advance usual degree from any knowledge of was made into the interior. As this the outside world, have maintained company was first on the ground they this work for nearly a century and a interpreted their initials "Here Be- half. Even to-day a visitor from the fore Christ"; a sort of self-congratu- outside world is a rare occurrence, lation that they had anticipated the' 'practically only when the Government missionary. They did not retain this mail-ship arrives with the mail or Dr.

distinction long, as the Moravians Grenfell makes a call.

soon established mission stations on There are stations at Hebron, Okak, the coast. Nain, Hopedale and Makovik. There The two forms of missionary activ- was a station at Ramah, but that has ity now in progress on The Labrador been discontinued. The mission at are the Moravian Missions to the Es- Nain, which is one of the largest sta- kimos, and the Royal National Mission tions, is splendidly equipped and un- to Deep Sea Fishermen conducted by der the personal supervision of Bishop Dr. Wilfred T. Grenfell. Martin. The mission-house is situ- Mi••ion Work Among the Eskimos ated just at the foot of the mountain of rock that rises precipitously from The Eskimos of Labrador live on the water's edge. Around the shore the coast, and for the most part north line of this bay of Nain, protected by of Indian Harbor. There are prac- the high cliffs from the force of the tically no Eskimos in the interior, as sea, are to be seen the Eskimo huts this part of the region is held by the that the missionary has taught the na- Indians. There is a tradition that tive to build. These huts are quite many years ago the Eskimo en- comfortable and in great contrast to croached on the interior, and was the sealskin tent and the "igloo," or forced to settle with the Indian the snow-house, of the Eskimo of the far- question of territorial rights by a con- ther north. A sort of turf, made by the flict. This battle took place on an moss that covers the grounsI and the island from which the name Battle rocks in many places, is used as a Island has come. The result was that roofing for the hut. The missionary the Eskimo was forced to remain on has constantly protested against the the coast and the Indian took the in- adoption of European customs and terior. It is estimated that there are dress by the native Eskimo, but in about 1,200 Eskimos on the coast of many cases without avail. It is the Labrador, tho there is no way of se- desire of the missionary that many of curing an accurate census.. the native customs be retained, but the The Moravians began their work on Eskimo has fallen before the attrac- The Labrador in 1771, having pre- tions of civilization jf the style of dress viously established a mission in Green- be an attraction.

land in 1733. It is a great trib- Thus, at many places along the ute to the missionary zeal of this coast he is to be seen with a combina- THE MORAVIAN MISSION STATION AT NAIN, LABRADOR tion of "sillipak," or loose jacket, sionaries have been opposed to the European trousers and sealskin boots. adoption of the customs of the white This seems of itself a very unessential man on the part of the Eskimo. In thing except that it suggests the seri- consequence of this decline in the numous fact that the Eskimo is fast de- ber of the Eskimos, the mission station creasing on The Labrador. He is dis- at Ramah has been abandoned. appearing before civilization, and may offer the same ethnic study as our own The industry of these missionaries North American Indian. As an an- is inspiring. At Hopedale and at Nain swer to this problem the Rev. H. A. they have cultivated attractive gar- Peck, for over thirty years a mission- dens, in places where there is some soil ary to the Eskimos of Baffin's Bay, between the great rocky headlands. suggests that the Eskimo has left his In these gardens they raise turnips, primitive mode of life and tried to cabbage, parsnips, beets and, in one at adopt customs for which he is not least, some remarkable specimens of fitted by nature. For instance, with cauliflower. In front of the missionthe Eskimo in his native life the strug- houses at Nain and Hopedale the beds gle for existence is severe and un- of pansies and daisies, almost within compromising. He must catch seals reach of the Arctic current, have a or die. When he has come in contact coloring that seem to be more gorwith the white man he has developed geous than we find farther south. a dependence on that race that has made him less able and less willing to One can not fail to be imprest with continue this sort of struggle. It the air of optimism and the spirit of should be stated clearly that the mis- contentment to be found at the mis- sions. One of the missionaries who expected to go home to England last

I9 10J MISSIONARY WORK IN LABRADOR

fall said, "I would be tremendously aries to face and solve. For the disappointed if I thought that any- present, the Eskimo has the assurance thing would prevent my return to this that against the invasion of the vices wo r k . " of civilization he has the help of Godly men and women to enable him to with- It is a delightful, simple Christian stand the dangers that contact with the community that these missionaries white man may bring him. have established about the mission. It is not difficult to see the light of the Work Among the Deep Sea Fi.hermen Gospel of Jesus Christ in the faces of these natives who have been so faith- Dr. Wilfred Grenfell has done much fully taught. One evening, as our to make The Labrador known to the ship was lying at anchor off Hope- world as well as to bring the gospel dale, I gathered into the cabin a num- of hope and health and joy and peace ber of these people from the mission. to the fisherfolk of Labrador. That It so happened that in our ship was a part of Labrador which stretches piano that interested them very much, north from Blanc Sablon is spoken of for they are very musical. To the ac- as Newfoundland Labrador, while companiment of the piano they sang that part that stretches southwest is in their own language the old hymns the Canadian Labrador. Both these of the Church with a simplicity and portions of the coast have been the enthusiasm that suggested the faith scenes of Dr. Grenfell's work. The of a little child. What the outcome headquarters of this Labrador work is of this mission work will be among St. Anthony's, at the extreme norththis race which has given signs of de- ern part of Newfoundland. Here is crease is a problem for the mission- a hospital . an orphanage and an in- ESKIliOS OF NAIN, LABRADOR, IN EUROPEAN – DRt:SS T~E GRENFELL MISSION HOSPITAL AT INDIAN HARBO'R, LABRADOR dustrial school; for the endeavor is the helm of the steamer, "I will make made to teach the people some indus- you fishers of men." One of the first trial arts, in order that they may not and the most important hospital on be so absolutely dependent upon the The Labrador is the one at Battle Harcod-fishery. All during the summer bor. Battle Harbor is the most eastthe entire coast of Labrador is dotted ern point of Labrador and stands far with fishing schooners that go "down out to the sea; the coast stretching north" after the codfish. This indus- northwest in one direction and southtry, that has been the mainstay of the west in another. Here, as tradition people for many years, has produced has it, upon this island the Indians an absolute reliance upon the fishery and the Eskimos fought to determine as the sole means of livelihood. When their respective rights. The hospital this fails a vast number of people are at this point consists of a main buildpractically penniless. But until Dr. ing two and a half stories high, and a Grenfell came to this coast the people wing that contains a woman's ward had hardly any medical attention save and a man's ward. The accommodafor the spasmodic visits of a physician tion is for about thirty-five patients, who was sent down by the government tho at times, owing to great demands during a part of the summer. It was for room, more than this number have to relieve this severe need and the con- been accommodated. Here may be sequent distress that caused Dr. Gren- had a splendid idea of the work of fell to establish his hospitals and to the mission. The government boats send the mission steamer along the which ply up and down the coast coast on errands of mercy to heal the bring patients regularly, and as long sick. The spirit of the enterprise is as there is any possibility of making well described by the inscription on room no one. is denied an entrance. ONE OF DR. GRENFELL'S iiOSPITALSAT DATTLE HARDOI{, LABRADOR Over the door of the hospital in large is necessary that a patient should have letters are these words which fairly constant supervision, the sick person describe the spirit of the work: "In- is taken aboard and in a little hosasmuch as ye have done it unto one pital arranged amidships in the of the least of these, my brethren, ye steamer can be cared for until landed have done it unto me." When one at one of the regular hospitals. realizes that many a man and woman and child has been saved from suffer- Outside of the regular medical staff ing and been introduced to the practi- of the mission, whose remuneration is cal Christianity of Christ, it confirms exceedingly small, the workers are our faith in Him who healed the sick. volunteers who go for the summer and At Indian Harbor, farther north, is gladly give their services to this work. another hospital not so large as the In this way some of the most efficient one at Battle Harbor, but doing most physicians and nurses have gone from excellent work. By locating a hos- the United States and Canada to lend pital farther north Dr. Grenfell has a hand. One is imprest with the made these places accessible to the spirit that pervades all the mission fishermen. For those who venture stations, and the desire of all, even even farther along the northern shore visitors, to help. During the winter the mission steamer affords help; for the problem is, of course, more diffievery summer, manned with her crew cult and duties more severe. But as of physicians and sailors, the steamer the fishermen return to their homes, makes the journey along the coast, and the boat:> are tied up for the winministering to the sick as the boat ter, the physicians must take dog and calls in at the many fishing harbors sledge and go up and down the coast that dot the coast. In cases where it carrying the message of help to the homes of· the people. There is much of heroism and real downright hard physician. Nothing could have been work in the winter duties of doctors more impressive than the evening and nurses. And yet one never hears service at Battle Harbor, when a a word of complaint, but rather stories great number of the people gathered of enthusiastic endeavors to reach in the little chapel. Great, strong cases of illness and need. men and young stalwart boys just At Harrington, on the Canadian reaching manhood, women and chil- Labrador, is another hospital recently dren from the fishing homes, nurses begun, but already by the number of patients justifying its position and and doctors from the hospital, listenpromising a future of much useful- ing attentively as this faithful missionness. ary preached to them Christ. But this hospital work is not the en- If Labrador ever becomes a more tire work of the mission, for Dr. Grenfell found that he must do some- habitable land than it is now, much thing to relieve the people from the commercial bondage into which their of the credit will be due to the circumstances and dependence on the energy and faith of Wilfred Grenfell. codfish industry put them. :rhe trucksystem, whereby the fisherman would The great unexplored region of the inpractically mortgage his summer terior is a living challenge to go up catch of fish for the provisions he had already consumed in the winter, made and possess the land. The day will it necessary that something should be done to relieve this order of things. come when the interior may be opened For this reason he has established a number of cooperative stores, by up and vast resources hitherto unmeans of which the fisherman may known laid bare. This will be triumph buy his flour and molasses and salt at a fair price instead of paying abnor- worthy of our century. But let it be mally high prices for his supplies. In this way Dr. Grenfell came into direct remembered that the inspiration to conflict with the trader, who found that his craft was· in danger of being much of this was the faith of a man set at nought. This system of co- who went to the bleak shore of this operative stores has brought relief to icy land to carry the message that many families, and in some instances has enabled them to save something Christ taught and bade us to take to from their fishing. But it has also in- the uttermost part. In obedience to troduced the custom of paying cash for fish, where formerly no one ever this supreme duty the Moravians and thought of anything but credit on the Grenfell have invested their lives in books. Labrador, and the future will restore More than all this, Dr. Grenfell has taken the message of Christ to these to the dwellers of the land the compeople, for he is preacher as well as pound interest that these investments have made. * A TESTIMONY TO MISSIONS Hon. Winston Churchill of the British Government, formerly Under Secretary for the Colonies, and now president of the Board of Trade, speaking at the opening of The Orient in London, said, "Every penny presented to the cause of missions is a contribution to good government; every penny spent on missions saves the spending of pounds in administration, for missions bring peace and law and order."

* The writer is secretary of the Washington branch of the Grenfell Association, and is prepared to receive and forward gifts to the work of Dr. Grenfell. Address, 304 Rhode Island Avenue, Northwest.

SALVATION OF

BY REV. SAMUEL ZANE BATTEN, D.O., LINCOLN, NEBRASKA In the nineteen centuries of its his- been cold and worldly, when they have tory Christianity has done great forgotten the real work of Christ in things in the world. More than one the world and have hardly lisped the student of human affairs has traced first syllable of the Christian gospel.

the march of Christ down the cen- But with it all the Church has en- turies and has recorded the victories dured, showing a wonderful power of of the Son of Man. No study can be moral renewal and doing the work"of more interesting and inspiring than Christ in spite of its failings and de- the study of these great achievements fects.

of the Christ. Beyond all these things Christianity The finest type of personal morality has created the missionary enterprise, and saintly life has come through one of the most splendid achievements Christianity. The Spirit of Christ of the Christian spirit and one of the came as a new creative spirit brood- best illustrations of the Christian ing over the chaos of the world and principle. In obedience to the com- in course of time it brought forth a mands of their Master, men and wo- new type of manhood that may be men have sundered the ties of home called Christian. In the progress of and have gone forth to the ends of the the centuries this type has unfolded earth to bear the glad tidings of salva- and developed, and to-day there is a tion to the lost. In good report and type of character that is as distinct- in ill, enduring hardships and risking ive as it is splendid. their lives, they have penetrated the The Christian spirit dwelling in frozen north and have crossed burning men has also created a type of family deserts; with a patience that never life that is no less distinctive. Chris- fails and with a love that never falters, tianity arose at a time when the bonds they have sought th~ lost peoples and of human society were dissolving and have loved them into the Kingdom.

when marriage was lightly esteemed. The missionary enterprise is one of But in the course of time, wherever the finest triumphs of the Christian the Christian spirit has made way, a spirit, and in it the very heart of great change came over the lives of Christianity is revealed. No one who men. Before long a new type of studies human history with impartial family life was seen and the Chris- mind can do other than admire these tian home became a reality. This is a great achievements of the Christian great achievement and no one can spirit.

overestimate its influence upon hu- The Unfini.hed Task man society. But the fact remains that Chris- This is not all; the Christian spirit tianity has not yet wrought the re- has also created the Christian Church, demption of the world. It has not by an achievement no less significant and any means created a Christian type of potent. It is easy for one who is so human society. Lecky has shown that inclined to frame an indictment against in the early middle ages the Church the Church and to sustain that indict- did not appreciably improve the moral ment at the bar of history. There have condition of the Eastern Empire. For been times when the churches have 1,500 years the Church has practically

dominated the life of Italy and Spain, ceive the essential Christ, it has been France and Russia; and yet the moral said, is the special task of each new and social conditions of these peoples generation. to-day is the standing reproach of Christendom. I. The Weakne.. of Individualism Protestantism can claim little ad- Thus far in the history of Christian vantage over either the Roman Catho- effort men have thrown great emlic or the Greek Church in these re- phasis upon the salvation of individspects. The moral and social condi- uals. In the generations great things tions of the United States, Great have been done by the children of the Britain and Germany are better than Kingdom, and much progress has been in any other nations of the globe. But made. Millions of souls have been the sad confession must be made that won unto God and have been saved Christianity has not by any means for lives of purity and power. Great transformed these peoples or wrought changes have come over human sothe redemption of society. It is evi- ciety and many an evil has gone never dent, therefore, that there is another to return. factor entering into the problem that must be taken into account. This But the fact remains that the methfactor is made very plain the moment ods thus far followed have not prowe consider the purpose of Christ and duced the largest results and have not the program of His Kingdom. transformed human society. The fact is also that the method of individual The Kingdom of God, in the Chris- salvation gives no prospect of the saltian conception, may mean more than vation of society within any measua human society on earth, but it never rable time. It would be a gross miscan mean less. The program of the statement to say that the moral and Kingdom contemplates the salvation social condition of the cities of the of the world and its transformation world has not improved in historic into the Kingdom of God. The work times; but it is simple truth to say of Christ on earth is not complete that the progress in these cities is so until that has been accomplished. slow and uncertain as to be almost The world is the subject of Christ's unnoticed. It is needless here to adredemption, and nothing less than this duce evidence indicting the great cities can satisfy the purpose of God. A of Christendom, for this evidence is pa~t of this program has been fulfilled, known to all. London is confessedly but items in that program have been the greatest city in the world; and yet omitted. In view of this it becomes London is the standing reproach of us to examine carefully our programs the world. "Talk about Dante's hell and our methods, that we may know and all the horrors and cruelties of whether our methods are the best and the torture-chamber of the lost. The our programs are in accord with the man who walks with open eyes and program of Christ. If our present bleeding heart through the shambles methods and programs are too formal of our civilization needs no such fanand partial, we should enlarge them tastic images of the poet to teach him till they parallel the method and the horror."* Huxley's description of program of the kingdom. To recon- conditions in the East End of London • Booth, "In Darkest England," page 13.

THE SALVATION OF

is well known; among the lowest silent amazement, the upstate members savages he says that he has never of the commission declared : "New found such hopelessness and misery York ought to be abolished." as in this region; and he does not hesitate to say: "If there is no hope of In these and other cities of Chrisa large improvement of the condition tendom, Christian men have been at of the human family, I should hail the work for generations and for cenadvent of some kindly comet which turies preaching the Gospel, seeking should sweep the whole affair away as the lost, building churches and founda desirable consummation." In Lon- ing rescue missions; yet to-day it is don there is a Submerged Tenth, not easy to see wherein they are imcaught by the maelstrom and sinking proving from generation to generain the flood, abandoned and despair- tion. Indeed, some thoughtful people ing, without God and without hope. declare that the great cities of the Above this is a larger class in poverty world are degenerating, and that the ~at least thirty per cent of the total~ churches are steadily losing ground. who are unable to obtain the neces- Be all this as it may, the fact remains saries of life which will permit them that the progress is so slow and disapto maintain a state of physical effi- pointing that we can hardly measure ciency. "Hell," said Shelley, "is a city it~ gains. In these cities millions of much like London." The man who people are unblest by the Gospel and walks with open eyes through the East live without any of the things that End of London and the wynds and make for admiration, hope and love. closes of Edinburgh and Glasgow is In these cities boys and girls are living tempted at times to call for the crack in conditions which practically make of doom to come and end all. impossible for them a decent and moral life, where the fresh bloom of What is true of London is true no purity is brushed from the cheek of less of New York City. Economic girlhood before she has learned the conditions are somewhat better here meaning of virtue, and the moral nathan in the old world, but the facts ture of the boy is warped before he are none the less appalling. In 1890, has learned the meaning of life. On according to Bishop Huntington, "re- the one side we have the spectacle of cent certified revelations have laid bare millions of people alienated from the the multiplied horrors and deprava- churches and wholly indifferent to the tion of the tenement population in Gospel message. These say: The great cities, where 41 out of every 100 churches are for the fortunate few; families live in a single room, and religion is good enough for those who where the poorest pay more for rent have time and money for it. On the than the rich for every cubic foot of other side, we see the Christian worker space and air." From year to year 10 baffled at every turn by social condiper cent of all those who die in New tions and fenced away from the peo- York City are buried in Potter's Field. ple by impassable economic barriers. In 1900 a commission was created in While conditions are such it is almost New York State to investigate tene- impossible to reach the people in any ment conditions in New York City. large numbers with the Gospel mes- After several days' investigation in sage; and while conditions are as

they are it is almost impossible for the friend, father, employer, workingman, convert to preserve his integrity. At tax-payer and citizen; and he is a good any rate, by our present methods there man in so far as he illustrates in these is no prospect that the kingdom will relations his essential life. The fact ever come in any measurable time. is, also, that if every person in the With home conditions as they are, and world should be converted and become with so many suggestions to evil on a good individual, the Kingdom of every hand, the Gospel worker finds God might not yet be attained. The himself thwarted at every turn. By ideal of the kingdom will never be the method of work largely limited to satisfied until all men are associated individual work on individuals, ex- in right, righteous, fraternal and lovcellent and Christian as this is, there ing relations with one another. To is no near prospect of the redemption realize the ideal of the kingdom, to of these cities. With the present en- behold the virtues of the kingdom, we vironment, and with so many ob- must have goodness and love exprest stacles as now exist, the saving of in human relations, and incarnated in these cities is an indefinite and remote social forms. The Son of Man never possibility. called any man to a life of isolation from his fellows; always and every- II. The Method of Social Action where he called men to brotherhood in a family and to fellowship in a society. The Kingdom of God is an ideal which demands human, social and col- Second, the making of the kingdom lective action. Individual action alone demands collective and social action. can never solve a social problem. In The present method of individualistic the words of Thomas Arnold, "The effort is not sufficient. The practise true and grand idea of a church is of charity, nursing the sick, feeding that of a society for making men like the hungry, visiting the prisoners, Christ, earth like heaven and the king- keeping alive the sickly, rescuing the doms of this world the Kingdom of outcasts, can never permanently im- God." Stated differently, the end prove the race and bring in the Kingthat we seek is a perfect man in a per- dom of God. Nay, worse, it has befect society. This means social action come very plain that many of these no less than personal effort. To carry efforts increase the very evil they are out this program two things are all designed to remedy; and much of this important and must be kept in mind. effort is so misapplied that it means the deterioration of society. Sickness, First, the making of the kingdom poverty, crime and misery have social means much more than the making of causes as well as individual, and can good individuals. There is no such never be wholly eliminated by indithing conceivable or possible as an in- vidual action. dividual who is good by himself and unto himself. Man is a being of re- By the method of individual effort lationships, and right life is life in alone, by dealing with results and right relations. The man who is good neglecting causes, we can never at all is good in the relations in which achieve the redemption of man and he finds himself; to be a good man build a Christian city. It is very beaumeans to be a good member of the tiful to build churches and conduct social order. Man is a son, brother,

THE SALVATION OF SOCIETY

rescue missions; but while we are then, shall we do? Shall we give up saving one poor outcast a dozen other the salvation of these cities? Shall girls are led astray-through igno- we be satisfied to save a few souls out rance on their part or neglect on the of the wreck of a perishing world? part of society-and are sold into Shall we give over this work of citywhite slavery. It is very Christ- saving as a hopeless task? like to nurse the sick and to equip a sanatorium for the consumptive; but We can not do this without disif, while we are doing' this, and are loyalty to Christ; we can not give up neglecting housing conditions and are these cities without confessing failpermitting unsanitary tenements, a ure. But this we will do, and this we dozen other lives are contracting the must do. We will revise our methods white plague and are being doomed and enlarge our plans and will follow to an early death. It is very Christian the whole program of the kingdom. to send missionaries to China and Af- We will seek to understand all the rica; but if, while our Christian mis- factors that enter into a life-heredity, sionary with his Bible is making one environment, and individual will-and convert for the kingdom, the agents of we will then enlist them all in the the opium traffic and the rum trade work of saving society. We have are ensnaring a dozen men, and are tried to make saints in hell. We have riveting the chains of a worse slavery expected men to live saintly lives unupon their souls, we are not saving der satanic conditions. We have forthe world. gotten that environment determines a hundred things in life, both before and It is very necessary that we seek to after conversion. We have tried to save the lost men and women of the save souls for the kingdom hereafter slums; but while we are doing this, when we are called to save lives for and are permitting the slums to re- the kingdom here. We have forgotten main, a dozen children are growing that Christ came to save the whole up in demoralizing conditions, ex- man, spirit, mind and body, for this posed to all kinds of evil and forming world and for every world. The habits which become a part of life it- times of this ignorance God may wink self. It is right that we should preach at, but He now commands us to work the Gospel and should work for in- in a wiser and more fruitful way. dividual souls; but unless we do something more than this and make straight III. Program of Social Salvation paths for men's feet, and mold their lives for the kingdom from the very It is not possible and it is not start, a dozen lives will be warped and necessary here to attempt to outline stained and their recovery thus made this program; but several items entenfold more difficult. The first of tering into it may be named. these we ought to do, but the second we must not leave undone. We must inspire men to live and labor in the vision and power of the In the matter of city saving great whole Kingdom of God. We have things have been done in the genera- been trying earnestly to save our own tions, but the methods have not pro- souls and to prepare them for life in duced a Christian civilization. What, some other world. We have labored faithfully to save men from sin and turn them unto righteousness. We

have wept and prayed over the lost the corner groggery. We will rememnations of earth, and have given our ber that there will be no pure air for children and our money that the good any of us to breathe till there is pure news might be carried to every crea- air for the least of God's children. ture. We have built hospitals, and We will set ourselves "seriously to inhave organized relief societies, and quire whether it is necessary that there have sought to nurse the sick and to shall be any so-called lower classes at relieve distress. All this is most all; whether there need be large numbeautiful and most Christian, and not bers of people doomed from birth to one of these things could have been hard work in order to provide for left undone. But not all of these things otlu:rs the requisites of a refined and together are sufficient to fulfil the cultured life."* whole purpose of Christ and to bring in the Kingdom of God. We must have We will study the causes of crime some great and comprehensive and and pauperism, misery and disease, Christian program of social action. and will change results by removing We must seriously and consciously un- causes. We will create a new type of dertake the work of building Christian city life, and will seek to build from cities and of transforming the social the ground up a city planned on Chrislife of the world. tian lines and built after the divine pattern. We will put forth a collective In the prosecution of this program and unchanging effort to secure for we will give increased attention to every person the conditions of a full, the factors of heredity and environ- human, worthy, moral life. We will ment, and will enlist them in the work learn to hold the resources of society of social redemption. We will give in trust for all its members, and will increased attention to the life of the put forth a steady effort to give every family, and will learn how to use this person a fair inheritance in society. mighty factor of heredity in behalf of We will seek to realize our faith, our race improvement. We will change love, our intelligence, our conscience, human conditions, and will demand a in all the details of our social, indusbetter environment for the growing trial, economic and civic life. In fact, life, thus making it possible for every we will consciously and collectively life to grow up tall and strong and undertake the work of social salvation, clean and pure. We will seek to pro- and will seek to transform and Chrisvide for our neighbor's children the tianize the whole family, social, ecosame conditions that we ask for our nomic and political life of man. children, and will remember that no man's boy or girl is ever safe until To carry out this program means every man's boys and girls are safe. that we will carry the standard of the We will provide playgrounds for the Cross at the head of the whole column children, and will remove many of the of life and will bring the truth of temptations that beset them at every Christ to bear upon every problem of turn. We will safeguard the growing society. We will take His principles life, and will not allow it to become into the social and industrial life of the prey of human harpies. We will the world and will incarnate them in break up the girl-traps and will close * Marshall. "Principles of Economics," Chap. If page 1.

SALVATION OF

civic and social institutions. We will feet man in a perfect society. "Chris- fill society with the spirit of justice tianity," said Immanuel Fichte, "is and brotherhood which shall produce destined some day to be the inner or- such forms of cooperation and equity ganizing power of the State." It is as shall secure the prevalence of the business of all who believe in friendship and good will among men. Christianity to organize the State after We will carry the Christian ideal of the Spirit of Christianity. "There is a Holy City into the political life of in human affairs an order which is the world and will seek to enact such best," said De Laveleye. "This order laws as shall be the human transcript is not always the one which now pre- of the decalogue. We will set our vails, but it is the order which should faces like flint against all social cus- prevail. God knows it and wills it. toms and practises that are evil and Man's duty it is to discover and hindering and will seek to create bet- realize it." ter and more helpful customs. We Finally, and as the sum of all, we will understand the real mission of the will arouse and enlist all men of good State and will enlist the mighty ma- will in the work of social reconstruc- chinery of government in behalf of tion. To this end we will seek a union honesty, morality, religion and edu- of all who love in behalf of all who cation. It is not enough for Chris- suffer. The grace of love is the greattianity to make good individuals-if est grace and the virtue of cooperation that were possible; but it must teach is the supremest virtue. However it these men who want to be good how may have been in the past, the great to associate themselves in righteous duty of all men of good will to-day is and brotherly relations. It is not the duty of union and cooperation in enough for men to be honest and con- behalf of the kingdom. The people scientious in their personal lives, but of the churches must accept this duty they must begin to incarnate their first of all and they must unify and honesty and conscientiousness in in- federate their forces; they must dustrial systems and civil laws. It is mobilize their people and must think not enough for Christian people to of each denomination as one division build churches and conduct Sunday-' of the King's army. They must come schools and distribute tracts, but they together ~nd make the King's purmust also take stumbling-blocks out pose for men their plan of campaign. of the way of the people and teach There are enough intelligent and them how to build more Christian right-thinking men in the average homes and inspire them to build a community to change the whole pomore Christian city. It is not enough litical life and to inaugurate a better for us to have goodness and kindness order of things. But alas! these men and love in the hearts of men, but we are divided to-day by all kinds of lines, must incarnate these virtues in social real and imaginary; and worst of all, customs, in political institutions, in in- the churches themselves are not united, dustrial orders and economic systems. and therefore can not unify the peo- Society needs saving as much as the ple. One part of the churches' misindividual; and the purpose of Christ sion is to set up a standard and then will not be realized till we have a per~ rally men around that standard. The

churches must breed a generation of of grace and seeks to grow up into men able and courageous enough to Christ in all things; as the Christian deal with the evils of society and to husband and wife consciously and lead the faith of the people. gladly unite their lives to build a Christian home in which the Spirit of The churches need a large and com- Christ can reign and each life is prehensive and positive plan of cam- blest; as a company of disciples paign. They need to mobilize the consciously and lovingly stri<e toforces of righteousness in behalf of gether to create a Christian Church truth and purity and victory. We can that shall be a real fellowship of love not do everything, but we can do and a real household of faith; so the something. We may not be able to people of a community calling thembring in the kingdom in our day, but selves intelligent and Christian will we can remove some obstacles to the consciously and resolutely set before kingdom's coming. There is a vast themselves the task of building up a difference between the better and the society on earth after the divine patworse. There is a vast amount of tern where every life has its place, remediable wrong in this world. where no one is wronged or trodden There is many a path that may be under foot, where all have right to the straightened for men's feet. There is good things of life, and where all men many a healing and helping influence live together in brotherhood and that may be set to work in the world. peace. In a word, the program of the Any effort that will help any soul in kingdom is summed up in the task of any way is the translation into deed rightening the relations of men, asof some article of the Christian faith. sociating them in righteous and fra- ternal relations, interfusing their The people who call themselves hearts in common aims, and interlock- Christian must consciously and col- ing their wills in a common will and lectively set to work to build up in the thus embodying their essential life in earth a society that realizes the ideal social institutions which shall realize of the kingdom, a city of God that has tre ideal of the kingdom. come down to earth. As the man in whom Christ lives uses all the means TEN YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO BY CHARLES L. THOMPSON, D.D., LL.D., NEW YORK Secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions This beautiful island is attracting a ernment of the island. Perhaps their good deal of attention. Its physical demands are excessive, but it is a good resources are beginning to he appre- sign that they are awaking to their ciated and the value of its products possible place as part of the great remore correctly estimated, and the peo- public. pIe themselves are beginning to be The changes that have been wrought more fully appreciated. With some in the last decade are clearly seen by American spirit they are rising to one visiting the island after an abclaim their rights as American citizens, sence of nine or ten years. Then the demanding a just share in the gov- ox-carts were everywhere creeping at

19IO] TEN YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO RICO

A VIEW OF SAN JVAN , PORTO RICO From th e wireless station, east of the city proper. This view ;5 lo oking directly toward the Mors at the entrance to the harbor a snail's pace; to-day-while they have fine military road from San Juan to not wholly disappeared and should Ponce. Now, while it would be too not-yet past them on every highway much to say that there are good roads go the flying automobiles at the usual everywhere, there certainly are very American rate of speed. Then, a little many of them, reaching along the French railroad ran in short sections, level stretches by the seacoast and interrupted by long stages; to-day a climbing over the mountains inland. continuous line runs from San Juan The people are thus brought within along the north and the west coasts reach of each other, and with the inof the island to Ponce, in the south. crease of transportation facilities there Perhaps it is not even yet strictly has been a corresponding rise in the proper to say that the trains run, as value of the inland plantations. that word implies too much speed; but one having proper regard for life Furthermore, there are vastly betis not anxious that the rate of speed ter methods of agriculture than there should be very much increased on that were ten years ago. The government insecure track. The accommodations experiment stations, in which experion the trains, however, are far better ments are made in a scientific way of than they were ten years ago. the various kinds of soil on the island and the various products adapted to Another evidence of American oc- the soil and the climate, give a decupation is the rapid opening up of cidedly better chance-to those who degood roads. Ten years ago there was pend upon the soil for their living. only one good road on the island-a Coffee and sugar are still the main

products, but the range of products drals were practically empty except on will steadily increase as the experi- the great feast days, and the priests ments show the possibility of such in- had done nothing to relieve the dense crease. ignorance which enveloped the mass of the people. As a result multitudes The Church in Porto Rico of them had turned away from any elevotion to the Church, seeking in It is now ten years and more since spiritism some satisfaction for their the eye of the Church in the United hunger of soul. States was turned toward Porto Rico as a field for operations. It has been It was a sign of good things to come for centuries nominally a Christian when four great missionary boards, A PORTO RICAN HOME} SANTURCE, P. R.

This is not the kind usually photographed by. tourists land, but nominally only. A decade planning for their work on the island, ago there was not a building erected decided to engage in it on a basis of for public-school purposes on the federation, dividing the territory of island. Now they are springing up the island among them and assuming in many places, and far up among the definite responsibility for the distinct hills the flutter of the American flag portion assigned to them. This frafrom some lowly building testifies that ternal compact has been kept, with the the public-school system is giving boys result that now after these few years and girls a chance. Not only was the the Gospel is preached in probably 500 Spanish Romanism which prevailed churches and chapels; there is a Protthere loaded with superstition, but it estant membership of probably 10,000, was not much regarded by either priest with twice as many adherents; there or people. The churches and cathe- is property valued at many hundreds

YEARS' PROGRESS IN PORTO

A COUNTRY HOUSE USED AS II. CHA PE L iJf thousands of dollars; and there are pansion are great. Anywhere among schools and hospitals which testify to the hills a door open for a Gospel servthe truth that the Gospel there ice attracts an audience. The people preached takes in every higher inter- are ready to hear and in many cases to est of the people. At first the churches obey. The following incidents are operating there found it difficult to illustrations of progress; secure much cooperation in the way uf financial support from the people Nine years ago the writer and one themselves, but latterly they are be- of the missionaries held a service in ginning to appreciate their responsi- a thickly settled country district where bility for helping to maintain the or- no Protestant service hac! ever before dinances of religion in their communi- been held. The missionary preached ties, and many out of their poverty are out of an old Spanish Bible, an heirgiving abundantly. loom in the family of the man on whose grounds the audience was as- Protestantism is now firmly rooted sembled; the heirloom, however, had in that island and is growing apace. no one to interpret its message. The The opportunities for continued ex- been silent all these years, there being AND THJt CONGREGATION

ISO people who listened that Sunday zenship. Porto Rico has a great fuafternoon listened as to glad tidings ture. It is not only in itself a beautiful for which their souls were longing. island, capable of supporting a large and prosperous population, but it is A few months ago the writer again directly in the line of the great travel visited that district and preached in a route of the world when in a few years church which was the outgrowth of the Panama Canal shall be opened, and that first missionary service. The a Christian civilization lighting up building was a commodious and com- those green mountains will be the fortable chapel, erected in large part cynosure of alI nations. by the gifts of ·the people themselves in that farming community. The man There is no manifest reason why It. MISSION SUNDAY-SCHOOL AT ESPIN/lL, PORTO R I CO at whose house the first service was that million of people should not be held is now an officer in this church, evangelized within the next decade. and one of his family is a student for They will, in that time, undoubtedly the ministry in the theological training- become American citizens in the full school at Mayaguez. exercise of the rights and in the full recognition of the responsibilities of Illustrations of this kind could be citizenship. Even now the question, indefinitely extended. It devolves on "Did it pay for the United States to the missionary societies at work in take Porto Rico?" finds an easy an- Porto Rico not to rest from their en- swer. How well it pays will be manideavors until that million of people lest when American schools and shall have the light of the knowledge American Christianity shaH have done of the Gospel of Christ and shall be their work for the entire popUlation. trained in the ways of Christian citi-

OBJECT-LESSON PREACHING IN FOREIGN

BY PROF. GEORGE E. DAWSON, PH.D. Professor in the Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy One of the principles most clearly likewise do most of the various mis- recognized among modern educators siomry peoples. These latter are, as is that both knowledge and the im- a rule, mentally and emotionally un- pulse to action depend fundamentally developed. They are similar to chil- upon sense-experience. This prin- dren. Their intellectual processes are ciple has popular application in what very elementary, consisting mainly of is called "object-lessons," as used more sense-perceptions, and the less com- especially in the elementary grades of plex forms of associative memory. Of instruction. The significance of ob- thinking that involves abstract ideas, ject-lessons in educating a child may they can do little. Their feelings are be made clearer by some considera- also directly dependent upon sensa- tions as to the nature of mind. Re- tions. They have but small power of duced to its simplest terms, the psy- inhibition, and act as feeling impels chic life is made up of incoming them. In short, the consciousness of stimuli and outgoing discharge of such people is little more than a series energy; that is to say, sensation and of sensations and motor reactions.

motor activity are the elementary com- The power that the educated mind ponents of consciousness. Reason, has of working with its stored-up imagination, and all the other func- mental images, and creating an ideal tions of the soul are what take place world, is lacking in them. Now it is between the incoming stimulus and obvious that such undeveloped minds the outgoing response. These more apprehend new truth, and respond to complex psychic functions have been it, in proportion as sense-experience built up, racially and individually, is made use of. They think best when through the simpler functions of sen- objects are placed before them, pal- sation and movement. What we feel pable to sight, hearing, touch, the and think depends, therefore, in the muscle-sense, taste and smell. Next last analysis, upon our sense-percep- to the objects themselves come sym- tions and the motor reactions we make bols and pictures of the objects. Last in response to these sense-perceptions. of all come words, whether spoken or Vivid and accurate sense-perceptions, written, and these have but little and adequate motor response, mean value, except as they call up the men- vivid and healthy feelings, and accu- tal images that have been derived rate, forceful thinking. Any curtail- through sensations. For such minds, ment of the sensory or the motor proc- moral and religious ideas can hardly esses in the psychic life impairs the exist except as they are represented intermediate processes of feeling and in the character and conduct of per- thinking. sons, or in the nature and relation of This general dependence of thought things palpable to the senses.

and impulse upon sense-experience It is clear, therefore, that those who holds true more especially in the ear- work among missionary peoples must lier stages of the mind's development. reach their minds and hearts through Children live essentially in a world of objects that appeal directly to the sensations and physical activities. So senses, or at least through mental

images that have been built up from the bottles perish; but they put new such objective experience. We have, wine into new bottles, and both are then, to consider some of the more im- preserved." portant principles that should guide the selection and use of object-lessons. In his book, "Forty Years Among the Zulus," Rev. Josiah Tyler gives 1. The. definiteness and force of the this extract from the sermon of impression made upon the mind by an a native preacher, which admirably ilobject are in direct proportion to the lustrates the principle of appealing to number of senses involved. Thus one as many senses as possible: "The gets a better idea of a strange fruit if Gospel is a great wagon laden with he sees, touches, smells and tastes it salvation. Christ told his disciples than if he only sees it. He gets a that it is to be carried to all nations. better idea of musical tones if he hears Believers are Christ's oxen; the load them, sees them symbolically pre- is to go and be distributed among the sented, and produces them himself, inhabitants of the world. If the oxen either by voice or instrument, than if are lazy, God will take them out and he merely hears them. So, likewise, put others in-those that will draw. he gets a better idea of the moral qual- Who of us are drawing the gospel ity of honesty if he hears the words wagon? If we are not, we shall find of an honest man, sees such a man do ourselves left out, and others will be an honest act, and practises honesty put in our place. Turn not away behimself, than if he derives his idea of cause the wagon is heavy. Pull, and honesty through words alone. strength will be given to you."

Jesus illustrates this principle in the 2. Of all the senses, sight, touch and lesson He drew from the barren fig- the muscle-sense, or sense of movetree, where the truth is lodged in His ment, convey the most vivid and forcedisciples' minds through an object that ful object-lessons. The human soul, appealed directly or indirectly to sight, whether child or adult, lives most contouch, taste and action. It is not ac- stantly in the world of color, form and cidental that this incident has been motion. Experiences that involve the for centuries one of the most forceful largest opportunities for seeing, hanillustrations of a useless life. Fre- dling and doing things have the largest quent examples of the same principle influence in modifying the mind and may be found in Jesus' teachings, both life. Jesus frequently employs this in His choice of objects and situations principle, both in His selection of obfrom which to draw some lesson, and in jects near at hand, and in His appeal His use of mental imagery that revives to past experience. For beauty and some past experience of His hear- attractiveness of mental imagery, take ers. An example of the latter is the this example: "Consider the lilies of following : "No man putteth a piece of the field, how they grow; they toil not, new cloth into an old garment, for neither do they spin; and yet I say that which is put in to fill it up taketh unto you that even Solomon in all his from the garment, and the rent is glory was not arrayed like one of made worse. Neither do men put new these." Or for vigor, take this exwine into old bottles; else the bottles ample: "Give not that which is break, and the wine runneth out and holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye

OBJECT-LESSON PREACHING IN FOREIGN MISSIONS

your pearls before swine, lest they what comforts! Our cup is running trample them under foot, and turn over!"

again and rend you." Here we have Contact With Thing.

a series of mental images drawn from 3. Objects actually present make the commonest experiences of sight, the strongest appeal to the mind. To touch and action which are so related see, hear, touch, taste, smell or do a as to convey some of the subtlest thing for ourselves, carries with the truths of human life. The same Zulu experience effects that are, in the na- preacher, already referred to, makes ture of the case, personal and vital to use of this principle in the following us and that can be produced in no word-picture, which is alive with color, other way. This is the principle made form and action: "Let us review the so much of by Rabelais, Comenius and past a little [referring to the condition other great educators, who wanted to of the natives before they were Chris- dispense with mere words entirely tianized]. It will do us good. Tum and bring children into immediate to the old deserted home under the contact with things. Rabelais, in the Quanda Mountain. There is no spot scheme of study outlined for his ideal to us on earth like that. There we character, Gargantua, made sensible were boys, when our father came with objects the basis of his program. In- his wagon and commenced building struction was to be given in connec- his house. There we saw one and tion with the common experiences of then another believing and building on children's lives. The nature and the station. There we were taught economy of the various foods and and felt our hearts growing warm with drinks were to be learned at the table love to God and to His Son. A few while eating. Botany was to be weeks ago I rode past that loved and taught while walking across the fields beautiful place. My heart was full of observing plants and trees. The old memories. I saw the bush where properties and uses of metals were to we went and made our first prayer. be investigated in the shops of silver- We hardly knew what made us pray. smiths, the foundries and laboratories.

We were naked, ignorant herder-boys. Few didactic lessons were to be given.

I said: Who is this now riding on a Intuitive instruction imparted in the good horse, with a saddle and bridle? presence of the objects themselves was He is well drest, so that this cold relied upon to give the pupil the wind is not felt. Verily, it is the same desired knowledge. Comenius also herder-boy! What a contrast! And made object-teaching the basis of his where is he going? To see his chil- educational program. "In the place of dren in the boarding schools! Did we dead books," said he, "why should we in those days, when we knew not how not open the living book of nature?

to hold a book-knew not which side To instruct the young is not to beat was up or which was down-think it into them by repetition a mass of would be all like this to-day? No! words, phrases, sentences, and opin- really, no! Goodness and mercy have -ions out of books; but it is to followed us. See how we have in- open their understanding through creased! Look into our houses; see things. The foundation of all knowl-

edge consists in correctly representing credulity as if they had been called sensible objects to our senses." Pesta- upon to fly. They were satisfied to lpzzi's attitude in this connection is il- "search the Scriptures" by listening to lustrated in the following incident: the preacher. But the missionary de- He was one day giving his pupils a cided to fix his text in their minds long description of how to draw the through a personal object-lesson. He picture of a window. While thus en- called them to him, taught them then gaged, he noticed one little fellow at- and there to recognize several letters tentively studying the real window of and call them by name, and assured the school-room. instead of following them that by following up this meththe teacher's words. From that mo- od they would soon learn to read. The ment, Pestalozzi put aside all his men were deeply imprest by finding verbal descriptions, and even his draw- that they could actually learn the charings, and took the objects themselves acters in the wonderful book. They as subjects of observation. "The took the primers offered them, began child," said he, "wishes nothing to in- to study diligently, and, in time, betervene between nature and himself." came able really to "search the Scrip- This principle, which is one of the tures." most important in all education, is 4. Next in importance to the real often exemplified in the teaching of objects of experience are symbolic rep- Jesus. Thus:"And Jesus, walking resentations of the objects. It is someby the Sea of Galilee, saw two breth- times difficult or impossible to bring ren, Simon, called Peter, and Andrew, the mind into direct relati0nship with his brother, casting a net into the sea: an object or set of conditions in such for they were fishers. And he saith a way as to convey clear conceptions unto them, 'Follow me, and I will of them. Thus we can not, by direct make you fishers of men.''' Or, object-lesson, give the mind an idea of again: "Then one said unto him, 'Be- the shape of the earth, or its movehold! thy mother and thy brethren ments. We can, however, symbolize stand without, desiring to speak with the earth by means of a globe; and its thee.' But he answered and said unto revolutions, by means of some mechhim, 'Who is my mother?' And he anism showing its motions in relastretched forth his hand toward his tion to the solar system. Jesus made disciples and said, 'Behold, my mother signal use of this type of object-lesson and my brethren!'" The following when He wished to teach His disciples, illustrations, drawn from missionary and mankind in general, the lesson of sources, will further show the appli- His sacrifice. A good example of cation of this principle. A missionary symbolic preaching is afforded in the in the Harpoot district preached a following descriptions of a sermon by sermon on "Search the Scriptures." a Chinese evangelist named Li, of Among those who listened to him were Changsha, China, on the value of the two aged men, who, in reply to the soul. "Mr. Li began by describing a request that they should get a primer, clock, without naming it, calling it learn to read and study the Scriptures dead and yet alive. He showed that for themselves, pointed to their white it has all the parts of a living mechhair and beard with as much in- anism, but that this mechanism is

dead; without two great essentials. in the communication of knowledge. The clock was then shown to the au- They help the mind to form an image dience and they were led to see that of color, form, and, to a less extent, a spring is the source of power, but of action. In proportion as they conthat power must be applied to the vey a true image, are they likely to spring before the mechanism does its subserve the ends of truth. Pictures work. The preacher skilfully illus- in colors are, for this reason, better trated by these facts the importance of than those in shades of white and the soul, and the relation which it black. It is necessary also that picbears on the one hand to man and on tures should have good perspective, so the other to God. About twenty min- as to show distinctly the form and utes were devoted to this illustration, relationship of objects represented. after which the preacher quoted a Most important of all, perhaps, for the number of texts from the Scriptures child-type of mind are pictures which, bearing upon the teaching of the value in addition to the qualities already of the soul." Another good example mentioned, suggest action. In genis given in a sermon preached by a eral, where pictures are used, the best native of South Africa on the Bible. are none too good. They should pre- "Wise men have made a telescope by sent the image accurately and forcewhich they can see other suns and fully. A picture that does not do this other moons and other stars-many is of doubtful value; for it presents to more than we can see with our eyes. the mind an image that is untrue to But the greatest telescope is the book reality. made by God. It brings God's character to our view. We can see His Missionary peoples, like children, holiness and benevolence. It brings are very fond of pictures. Their at- Christ to our view. We hear His tention may always be attracted and words; He walks and talks with us. their interest held by this means. It is a wonderful telescope, because it Here, then, is a medium of instrucdraws us to Him and binds us to Him tion of great importance to the misforever. It shows us the way to sionary preacher. It ought to become heaven; we see its beauty and bright- more and more available for his use. ness and joy. We see also those great, Modern facilities are multiplying the strong believers-old Abraham, Isaac resources of popular art. The masterand Jacob-who had faith to believe pieces of religious painting dealing what we call improbabilities."* with Bible characters and events are being reproduced in photographs, en- u.. of Picture. gravings, etc., at a cost that puts them within the reach of all. Series of 5. Next in importance to the sym- large sermon-pictures illustrating spe- cial themes, and lantern-slides dealing bols of objects are the pictures of ob- with almost every religious subject, jects. Pictures are less effective than are also obtainable at comparatively symbols, because they can present few- small cost. All these art appliances er of the elements of experience. ought to help the foreign missionary However, pictures are valuable aids in his task of inculcating moral and religious truth. • Quoted by Tyler in his "Forty Years Among the Zulu….

6. Furthest removed from actual creation to the crucifixion, to his un- sense-experience of all the media that bounded delight. The Zulu preacher, may be ftsed to bring the mind into whose sermons have already supplied contact with objects are words. Yet us with illustrations, may again be words that are chosen with a view quoted as an artist in the use of words. to reviving mental images derived He was preaching on "Christ as the through experience are of value. The Great Physician." "What would you average mind is sufficiently endowed think," said he, "if you should come with imagination to call up past ex- into a house and see a man lying on perience when a suitable stimulus is his mat looking ill, and you should given. The art of word-picturing is ask: 'What is the matter?' and he reto supply this stimulus. Perhaps there plied, 'Nothing at all'? You say, 'Tell is no surer test of high art in the pre- me, that I may help you. Where is sentation of ideas than the ability to your pain?' 'I tell you, I am quite revive in the minds of those instructed well,' replies the man. You beg him the deepest and most fundamental ex- to allow you to send for the doctor, periences. but he refuses. Just so it is with sin- ners. You see that they are ill, and In the use of language that calls wish them to send for the Great Phyup the objects of sense-experience, sician, but they do not see it. What Jesus again affords numerous excel- shall we think of them?" lent examples. Witness His parable of the Sower, the Grain of Mustard All these principles which thus con- Seed, the Hidden Treasure, the Un- dition the choice and effective use of merciful Servant, the Prodigal Son, object-lessons by the missionary are, the Laborers, the Wic~ed Husband- of course, epitomized in the objectmen, the Talents, and all the rest of lesson he himself supplies in his own His wonderful appeals to fundamental personality and conduct. Just as experiences. There is a remarkable Jesus the Christ presents in His perepisode described by Stanley in his sonality and deeds a perfect objectbook, "Through the Dark Continent," lesson of all He taught, so must any which illustrates the power of word- disciple of Christ who points the way painting. Mtesa, the great king of to Him be the thing and do the thing Uganda, had his curiosity excited by that illustrates that way. There is no some remarks of Stanley about the greater object-lesson in the world,none Bible and angels. Meetings were ar- that better meets all the conditions of ranged, and for days Stanley held the a forceful appeal to human souls, than king and all his court spellbound by personality. And next to that is con~ his narratives and descriptions based duct. After all our study of the laws upon the Bible and Milton's "Paradise of mind and the principles of instruc- Lost." So complete were these stories tion, the thing we really teach to and descriptions that when Stanley others is ourselves, and the way in had finished, Mtesa had an abridged which we teach tha tthing is by the translation of the Bible from the deeds we do.

THE FIRST ESKIMO

AN EASTER BAPTISM IN GREENLAND BY BELLE M. BRAIN, DETROIT, MICHIGAN Easter Sunday, March 29, 1739, terranean mansion, where it was alwas a day of great rejoicing in the ways summer and where there was Moravian Mission at New Herrnhut always plenty to eat. After death in Greenland. To the gladness of the souls were said to go either up to the Resurrection day, so fittingly com- region of cold and famine or down memorated by Moravians throughout into the delectable abode of warmth the world, was added the joy of bap- and plenty. tizing four Eskimo converts, the first No mission ever seemed to have Courtesy of Th. Outlook greater discouragement at the outset and in none was the faith of the mis- HANS EGEDE MAKING PAR-ISH CALLS IN GREENLAND sionaries ever put to sorer tests. In May 20, 1733, the cousins, Matthew fruits of six years of long and weary and Christian Stach, accompanied by toil. Christian David, landed in Greenland to begin the work. They little knew The condition of the Greenlanders what was awaiting them, but they in those early days was so degraded were men of most heroic stamp and that this first ingathering seems a were prepared to face whatever God miracle like the raising of the dead. should send. These people, short of stature, and with stupid, stolid minds, were a re- Literally obeying the instructions of pulsive race, indescribably dirty in our Lord to His disciples (Luke 9: 3), their ways. Mothers licked their little "Take nothing for your journey, ones as cats do kittens and their winter neither staves nor scrip, neither bread, houses of stone were made practically neither money; neither have two coats air-tight by the use of sad and skins, apiece," they had left Herrnhut five so that they were reeking with filth months before (January II) with po and swarming with vermin. equipment and very little thought as to how they were to reach Greenland These pagans had neither temples or how they would support themselves nor idols, but believed in innumerable while working there. An unexpected spirits, some good, some evil. Chief gift of money, received from Venice among these was Tornjarnik, who the day before they started, paid their was believed to live in a happy sub- way to Copenhagen, whence they were to sail, and confirmed their faith that God who was sending them forth would supply their every need.

On their arrival in Greenland, their trials began at once. The language, a most difficult one of the agglutinative type, proved a far harder task than they had anticipated. Hans Egede, who had been at work for thirteen years at Hope's Island, gave them all

the assistance in his power, but they zingly conceited-Innuit, "The Men,"

were little used to study and the they called themselves-and were so strange language, with its copious vo- well satisfied with their own condition cabulary and complex structure,* that they could see no need of salva- seemed long an unsolvable puzzle. tion through Christ. "Our souls are Yet after a year of discouraging effort, healthy already," they said. "In your they solemnly covenanted together: country people may have diseased "We will with diligence continue the souls, and indeed we see proof of it in study of the language in love, patience those who come here; they may need and hope." a Savior, but we do not."

The problem of self-support proved At first they shunned the mission- almost impossible to solve. Hunting aries, rarely going near them save to and fishing were the chief sources of beg or steal, or to ask how soon they food supply, and as the Brethren were were going away. But by and by they not skilled in these occupations, their entered upon a systematic course of larder was often far too low for com- annoyance. Fond of a joke and ex- fort. The second year was brightened cellent mimics, they tried to vex and by the arrival of John Beck and irritate them by mocking their words Frederick Bohnisch, with the welcome and caricaturing their actions. When news that henceforth the congregation the Brethren conducted devotions they at Herrnhut would contribute toward mimicked the reading and prayers and their support. But the next year the made shocking jests about the most promised supplies failed to come and sacred things in religion. Sometimes they were brought to the verge of in the midst of an earnest exhortation starvation. For a time they lived on they feigned sleep and began to snore; oatmeal mixt with train-oil, .and at sometimes, after piously asking to length they were reduced to a diet of have a hymn sung, they drowned it shell-fish and raw seaweed. Yet they out by hideous howling and the beat- never complained, but accepted it all ing of drums.

as a warning to care less for the com- When these measures failed to forts of life. drive out the teachers the Greenland- Added to these trials was the fact ers began to maltreat them in many that it seemed impossible to make any ways. They pelted them with stones, impression on the heathen. Egede's jumped on their shoulders, broke their long years of faithful toil' had yielded furniture, tried to destroy their boat almost no fruit, and the longer the and stole the precious manuscripts Brethren worked the harder seemed which represented many weary hours the hearts of the people. The lan- of toil. When starvation was threat- guage had in it no terms capable of ening, the Eskimos refused to sell the conveying religious ideas and the na- missionaries a morsel of food tho they tives seemed utterly unable to com- themselves had plenty to spare. Once prehend the Truth. They were ama- they even made a murderous attempt * Thompson gives Tipeitsugluartissinnaungilanga on the lives of the foreigners. Nevertheless the Brethren plodded and Savigeksiniariartokasuaromaryotittogog as speci· men words. The latter signifies: "He says you on. With heroic faith they replied to will also go away quickly in like manner, and buy those who urged them to abandon so a pretty knife."

KAJARNAK, THE FIRST ESKIMO CHRISTIAN

sterile a field: "God's ways are not pel. He then read to them out of the man's ways: He that called us hither New Testament the history of our Sacan still accomplish His aim." vi or's agony in the garden. Upon this the Lord opened the heart of one of the At length their faith was rewarded. company, whose name was Kajarnak; Early in 1738, owing to a general scarcity of food, the natives began to come to the mission-house in large numbers asking for supplies. The Brethren gave them all they could spare, and at the same time endeavored to incite in them a desire for the Bread of Life.

Among the hungry guests was a young man named Mangek, who exprest a desire to come and live with the missionaries. Believing that God had sent him, they gladly gave him daily instruction in the Word. At first he was utterly indifferent, but presently began to take an interest in what he heard. No sooner did his companions perceive this than they began to use every art to entice him away. Tho they finally succeeded, the incident filled the missionaries with hope. "Courage, dear brethren," they wrote to Herrnhut toward the close of May (1738), "and believe with us that our Lord will yet do glorious things in Greenland."

A few days later an incident occurred which proved the beginning of a real work of grace. One of the missionaries relates it as follows: June the 2d.-Many Southlanders vis- K .<JARNAK, THE FIRST GR EENLAND CHRIST1AN ited us. Brother Beck at the time was copying a translation of a portion of the A portrait copied from an old painting Gospels. The heathen being very curious to know the contents of the book, he who, stepping up to the table, in an read a few sentences and then, after some earnest manner, exclaimed: "How was conversation with them, gave them an that? tell me that once more; for I too account of the creation of the world, the fall of man, and his recovery by Christ. desire to be saved." These words, the The Spirit of God enabled him to enlarge with more than usual energy upon the like of which had never before been utsufferings and death of the Savior, and tered by a Greenlander, so penetrated the in the most pathetic manner to exhort soul of Brother Beck that with great his hearers no longer to reject the Gos- emotion and enlargement of heart, he gave them a general account of the life and death of our Savior, and the scheme of salvation through Him.

Meanwhile the other missionaries the north, killed one of Kajarnak's joined John Beck in telling the story brothers-in-law on the plea that he had of the cross. As they did so, many of caused the death of the ringleader's the strangers laid their hands on their son by sorcery. They also threatened mouths (their way of expressing to take the life of another. This proamazement) and some requested to be duced a state of panic, and Kajarnak's taught how to pray. When they left fear for his brother-in-law was so it was with the promise to come soon great that he finally decided that it again. was his duty to take him to a place of safety in the south. The missionaries In the heart of Kajarnak the Truth pleaded with him not to go, and he took deep root. For a time he took himself wept bitterly over the parting, up his residence with the Brethren yet his fears prevailed and his party that he might be thoroughly taught. finally took their departure. To their delight he proved an apt pupil; and in place of the stupidity Great indeed was the sorrow of the generally characteristic of the Green- missionaries over the loss of their conlanders, his quick comprehension and verts. They well knew that many the intensity of his emotion amazed would say that tho they could baptize them. Greenlanders they could not make them true Christians and win them Before the end of June, largely from their roving ways. Yet in the through Kajarnak's influence, three end Kajarnak's going proved a blesslarge families brought their tents and ing. Not long after his departure pitched them near the missionaries to twenty-one boats of Southlanders arhear more about God. Here they re- rived with the cheering news that they mained during the summer, but when had met the refugees and learned from autumn approached most of them went them wonderful things about God. off to hunt reindeer. Kajarnak and Before the following winter no less some twenty others remained and went than nine families took up their resiinto winter quarters close beside the dence near the missionaries in order mission-house. to receive religious instruction, and as a result there were many conversions. All winter long they were carefully instructed until at length four of them When the missionaries bade fare- -Kajarnak, his wife, his son, and his well to Kajarnak they never expected daughter-gave such good proof of to see him again. But he returned the conversion, that they were received next year, bringing his family and into the Church. The rite of baptism brother-in-law with him. During his was administered on Easter day. So absence he had been faithful to his powerfully was the Spirit of God man- Lord, conducting daily devotions in ifested at this service that those who his home and proclaiming Christ to were baptized were overcome with the heathen. emotion, and the Greenlanders who witnessed it were deeply affected. At once he became a valued helper in the mission. When occasionally But alas! within a month a dire the Brethren went on visits to the calamity befell the little settlement and heathen, taking some of the younger joy was turned into sorrow. A party converts with them, he remained at of murderous heathen, coming from

FEAST OF THE HEATHEN

the station, conducting daily meetings you remain faithful to the end, we for prayer and watching over the shall meet again around the Throne of work. God and the Lamb."

But useful as was Kajarnak's life, Kajarnak's death was a great loss in less than two years after his bap- to the work, yet it still continued to tism God called him home. In Feb- prosper. Learning the lesson from his ruary, 1741, he was seized with conversion that it is the Gospel and not pleurisy and died after a brief illness. the Law that melts the hearts of sin- Great as was his suffering he bore it ners, the brethren changed the style of with patience and fortitude, and looked their preaching and putting more forward with joy to being with God. emphasis on Christ and Him crucified, they found the heathen convicted of "Don't be grieved for me," he said sin and gladly accepting the Savior. to his friends; "have you not often heard that believers, when they die, Discouraging as the work was at go to our Savior and partake of eternal first, the efforts of the Moravians and joy ? You know I was the first of our of Egede's successors have long since nation who was converted to the made Greenland a Christian country, Savior, and now it is His will that I the abode of a docile, civilized, Godshould be the first to go to Him. If fearing people.

THE FEASTS OF THE HEATHEN SHAMBALAS * BY MISSIONARY DUPRE Some feasts of the Shambalas are creases. The Word of God rouses the known to the missionaries only by "old man" to the uttermost and gives name. In the first days of our work him no rest till he finds peace in God. in Usambara the natives did not understand the purposes of the white The outward sign of all heathen missionaries. They saw that the white feasts and all heathen joy is noise. man brought to them money for their For three days, almost without interlabor, that he visited the sick, and ruption, night and day, we heard the that he helped as far as possible the noise of a feast in a Bumbuli towninnocent who were suffering persecu- the deep tone of the drum, the monottion. Therefore they invited the mis- onous song of the men and, now and sionary to the feasts and occasionally then, the penetrating howl of the wombrought a pot of pombe to his home. en intermingled. The Shambala But now things are changed and they must have noise, for this alone is able try to hide as completely as possible to overcome the sense of fear in his their real life and their innermost heart. Therefore, the Shambala sings thoughts and feelings. They have and dances, until exhausted he learned that the more the missionary secures a little rest from fear. Some becomes acquainted with their nature, years ago I traveled from New Bethel the more the customs inherited from to Mati to proclaim the glad news of the fathers decay and Christianity in- salvation to its inhabitants. I reached the town of Mtai. It was morning, • Condensed, in free translation, from M onthly News. from the East African Mission, by Louis Meyer.

and men and youths were still dan- would be full of pombe and tired cing. They had begun at sunset the again. He suggested that I start on evening before and were not yet my journey, because the feast was to finished, but were nearly exhausted. last another day. I might have hin- Their motions were mechanical, and dered the celebration with the help of their senses were so benumbed that the chief and preached another serthey did not hear the approach of the mon, but my hitherto willing hearers stranger nor pay attention to his loud would have become bitter and unwillsalutation. Later on, during the day, ing. Therefore I left the next mornsome of these men were lying in front ing, and did not even address the unof their huts as if stunned. Self- married people, because I knew that stupefaction, the purpose of all their thoughts were with those who heathen feasts, had been reached suc- were celebrating and that they were cessfully. longing for the time when they could participate in the heathen rites of the The feasts of the Shambalas are ulezi. either family or kinship feasts. Of the former I have become acquainted The feast of circumcision, like that with four, aside from the sacrificial of ulezi, is a family or kinship feast. feasts, viz: ulezi, circumcision, alama, The boys are circumcised when two, and ndagilo. or even three years old. Women, apparently, do not participate in the The feast which is called ulezi, is excessive drinking of pombe which celebrated when the young mother follows the rites of circumcision, and takes again full charge of her daily at this feast the sound of the drums is duties and only married people can rarely heard. participate in the celebration. To the trained ear the peculiar sound of the Entering Manhood drums announces this feast. The three days' celebration in Bumbuli, Alama is the feast of the maturity mentioned above, was an ulezi. Once of the male youth, who by it becomes I came to Mkalite on the day of such a member of the circle of the men. a feast. I was able to preach in the It is celebrated every three or four evening and tell the heathen of the years. It is degrading to the utterjoys of the child of God, but when I most and robs its candidates of the had finished, the chief said to me, "Do last vestige of innocency. Boys, who not wonder when you hear noise and have been in attendance at the miswhen the women pass your tent with sionary schools, often leave school loud screams. Be not afraid." I during the alama and, if they ever requieted his apprehension and slept turn, come back completely demoralwell all night, tho the feast was ized and utterly unwilling to be incelebrated close to my tent. The next fluenced, until the spirit of God or morning, however, I was unable to severe trials stir them up and cause preach to the sleepy and half-drunken them to listen to the Gospel. people. When I spoke of this difficulty to the chief, he asked me not The alama introduces the young to be angry and not to ask for a meet- man to heathen immorality. It also ing for the next morning, because all demands severe proofs of his ability to suffer bodily injury and pain, and

THE FEAST OF THE HEATHEN

unwillingness to undergo such suffer- Bethel, told me the following story: ings has caused many a youth to leave "I married a girl of my home town, the heathen village and go to the mis- Mponde, and a child was bom to us.

sionary station. All participants of My wife had not yet gone through the alama remain naked in one hut the feast of ndagilo. Therefore, her during the feast, guarded by an aged father took the child and killed it, as man who gives them the necessary bringing misfortune. My wife was instructions (?). When they leave ordered to pass through the ndagilo, the hut, they wear a bunch of grass but its celebration was delayed and around their hips, have their bodies another child was born to us. We smeared with white earth, and have concluded to preserve its life. I had bells on their feet. When I saw a to go on a long journey. When I re- crowd of such young men the first turned from it, the child had been time, I thought that they were clowns. killed and my wife had been taken But I could not smile, ridiculous as away. Disgusted, I came to the mis- was the spectacle. These crowds of sionaries."

young men wander through the land, In addition to these four feasts there with noise and singing, doing mis- are others among the Shambalas which chief, and no one hinders them. express joy of life on the completion Their food must be from rotten of some task. Some of the dances and and moldy refuse which they gather songs are disgusting and degrading.

from the garbage heaps. That is one Harvest feasts speak of the com- of the tests of the alama. Another is pleted task. The young men have the carrying of the futi ya zumbe; aided the chief in his maize or rice that is, the gun of the chief. They harvest. The work is finished. Now must carry a stick which contains a he kills a beef for a joyous meal, but, sap with cauterizing qualities. The tho they know that God has given stick is carried upon the bare shoulder the harvest, no one remembers Him.

and causes great suffering. The con- The feast accompanying the mov- sequence of these tests and of the ing into a new hut speaks also of the whole alama, which continues days joy over work finished. The moving and even weeks, is a weakening of the is done in cloudy or rainy weather, strength of the celebrants, from for that means good luck in the land which weak men do not recover for of little water. A goat is roasted many days. The alama closes with over the fire in the new hut. Neigh- much drinking of pombe and free bors and friends gather outside, and rein to fleshly lust. Now these young when the head of the house has called men are permitted to do whatsoever upon the spirits of his ancestors, that is permitted to a man. No longer they deliver from fire and other dan- are they forbidden to drink the much ger, the table is set and the feast is desired pombe. They are men. celebrated.

Ndagilo seems to be to girls what The worship of spirits and ancestors alama is to the boys. It signifies that is the one great obstacle that stands a girl has reached the time when she in the way of the Shambalas accept- can be given in marriage. Nyan- ing Christ and coming to the knowl- gassa, whom I baptized in New edge of pure spiritual joys.

CHURCH AND THE CITY *

A. Social Conditions Confronting the Church I. The growth of the city.

From 1890 to 1900, the total increase in population in the United States was 20 per cent. During the same period the population in the cities increased 37 per cent. Whereas in 1800 only 3 1-3 per cent of the population in the United States lived in the city, to-day 33 1-3 per cent live in the town.

2. The elements of social unrest.

Lack of a living wage. Back-breaking labor. Poor and insufficient food. Lack of leisure. Swift approach of old age. Hopeless poverty. The filthy slum. The unsanitary factory. The dismal future. The lost "ethical" soul.

3. The problem of the immigrant.

The 160 cities in the United States having a population of 25,000 and over contain over 50 per cent of the entire-born population of the country.

4. The problem of the negro.

In 38 of the largest cities in the United States during ten years, the negro population increased 38 per cent, while the white popUlation-including immi- grants-increased only 33 per cent.

5. The problem of the tenement.

There are 300,000 absolutely dark bedrooms III the tenements of New York City.

6. The problem of the child.

"The death rate of infants among the rich is not more than 8 per cent, while among the very poor it is 40 per cent."-Dr. Drysdale. "In a study of vital statistics in Erfurt, Germany, for a period of 20 years, it was discovered that for every 1,000 children born in working-class families, 505 die in the first year, 173 die among the middle class, and only 89 die among the higher class during . the same period."-Dr. W 01/.

7. The problem of the department-store clerk.

Thousands of these young men and women in the city are compelled to live in desolate hall bedrooms.

8. The problem of the saloon.

Centers of corrupt political power and breeding-places of vice, but practically the only centers for workingmen in their social and economic life. Nearly every trade-union in America is compelled to meet back or over a saloon.

The introduction 0/ labor-saving machinery on the farm drives the farm-hand to the city, while the introduction of better transportation facilities sends the city business man to the suburbs.

B. Social Forces Challenging the Church 1. Organized labor.

Invites membership regardless of race, creed or color. Americanizes the im- migrant. Gives sick, out-of-work and death benefits. An influence for more temperate living. Supplies a liberal education in its meeting-halls and through the labor press. Opposes child labor. Demands a "square deal" for women in industrial life. Struggles for better sanitary conditions. Shortens the hours of labor and increases the rate of wages. Fights for universal peace.

2. Socialism.

World-wide in its propaganda. Possesses a literature written in the language of the people. Conducts more open-air meetings than all the churches com- bined. Directs training-schools for its workers. Organizes Sunday-schools in the principal industrial centers. Enlists strong forces of volunteer preachers. Has become a religion to hundreds of thousands. Most aggressive in the "down- town" fields deserted by the Church. Is utilizing many of the best principles of the Church, but claiming them as a monopoly.

3. Some general facts and principles.

The Church is slowly but surely losing ground in the great centers of popu- lation. Underlying the spirit of social unrest there is a deeply religious spirit among the masses. God is not dependent upon the Church for the carrying out of His plans for the redemption of the world. The Church is responsible for the spirit of social unrest, and she must finish the task which she has begun.

·From the Assembl, H.,ald.

KINGDOM AND THE DOWN-TOWN CHURCH 2II

C. A Social Program for the Church 1. The Church must socialize her teaching and socially convert her mem- bership.

2. The Church must study the problems of the people sympathetically. 3. The Church must stay by the people and help them solve their problems. 4. The Church must adapt herself to the needs of the people in the com- munity. 5. The Church must raise up a company of competent leaders for the people.* THE KINGDOM AND THE DOWN.TOWN CHURCH t BY JOSIAH STRONG, D.D., NEW YORK President of the American Institute of Social Service Speaking broadly, the civilizations every hamlet. The prl!ss molds pubof the past have been rural and agri- lic opinion and all that that means cultural; those of the future are to in a democracy. be urban and industrial. Of course, there have been great cities in the In due time the city will have all past, and it goes without saying that the power which numbers signify in as long as men are fed by the fruits a democracy. As we are often told, of the soil, there will be agricultural at the beginning of the nineteenth interests and agricultural peoples. century there were only six cities in But it is nevertheless true that there the United States of 8,000 inhabiis taking place a shifting of the bal- tants or more; at the end of that ance between country and city-a century there are 517. In 1800 less change of opportunities, of power, than 4 per cent of our small populaof influence. Alreadf the cities pos- tion lived in cities. In 1900 about 33 sess that power which belongs to per cent of our great population predominant wealth. In 1850, 56 lived in cities. In England more per cent of the wealth of the United than 70 per cent are in cities. Not States was rural, 44 per cent urban. many years hence more than half In forty years' time, three-fourths of our population will be urban. the wealth was urban, one-fourth was rural. While the wealth of rural Many have supposed that this disdistricts was increasing fourfold, the proportionate growth of the city in wealth of the cities increased six- the United States is due to the peteenfold. This is a commercial age. culiar conditions of a new civiliza- Wealth is increasing far more rap- tion; but a glance at Europe exidly than population, and its power plodes that theory. The cities have is increasing-touching every phase grown there as rapidly as here. For of life. That power belongs to the fifty years Brussels outstript New city. The power of the press is in York. While our metropolis was the city. Here is the tree of the adding 3,000,000 to her population, knowledge of good and evil (whose London added 5,000,000 to hers. leaves are not altogether for the Many have supposed that this flowhealing of the nations; some of them ing tide from country to city was are yellow and sere)-a tree that daily quite temporary and would soon sheds its leaves, which are carried ebb, but such have not studied its as by the four winds of heaven into causes. Its principal causes are two: First, the revolution in transporta- tion. Before the nineteenth century • Take the correspondence course in Applied Christianity. offered by the Department of Church and Labor. It will help you master your situation in the city. Address, 156 Fifth A-venue, New York.

t From the Home Missionary.

it waS very difficult to supply food do not say that the amount, but the and fuel for a great population. proportion, decreases. A man with Cities have always been about as an income of $100,000 does not eat large as they could well be. There one hundred times as much as a man has been many a famine in the city whose income is $r,ooo, nor can he when grain was rotting on the spend one hundred times as much on ground only a few leagues away. his table; but he can spend one hun- Now we bring food from the other dred times as much on houses and side of the globe. The steamships grounds, on furniture and pictures, and the railway make it possible to on art and dress, on jewels and orna- feed any number of millions massed ments. That is to say, there is a at one point. Because man is a gre- necessary limit to the amount of garious animal there has always food that the world can consume.

been a tendency among men to There is no limit, except that of segregate, and the revolution in purse, to the consumption of the transportation has liberated this in- products of the mechanical and fine herent tendency of human nature, so arts. Hence, as the world grows that to-day it is free to fulfil itself. richer, a steadily decreasing propor- The other great cause of the dis- tion of the world's population will proportionate growth of the city is subsist by providing food; and a the revolution in industry. The ap- steadily increasing proportion will plication of machinery to agriculture gain their livelihood by the mechani- has driven multitudes from the farm. cal and fine arts, which are prose- In 1870 there was one man engaged cuted in the city; which means the in farming for every seventeen acres continued disproportionate growth cultivated. In r890 there was one of the city.

engaged in farming for every twen- Some people imagine that the ty-six acres cultivated. The im- many uncomfortable features of provement in machinery during farm life drive the young men from these twenty years alone drove the farm, and that if we could only 4,430,000 men, plus their families, off make country living delightful, we from the soil. might reverse this tide and cause it Again, the springing up of manu- to flow from the city back to the factures in the city, creating a country. There are thousands of great demand for labor, has stimu- people to-day living underground, lated this movement. Thus the not because they prefer the smut and causes which have created this dis- the dark and the danger of the coal- proportionate growth of the cities mine to the green earth and God's are permanent causes. Statistics blue sky, but because there is a de- show that for sixty years a steadily mand for coal; and the number who decreasing percentage of ottr popu- live underground in this kind of life lation has been engaged in agricul- will be determined, whether it in- ture, and a steadily increasing per- creases or decreases, by the increase centage has been engaged in the me- or decrease of the demand for coal.

chanical and fine arts. These arts Here is another economic law. The are prosecuted in the city. That comfort or discomfort of an occupa- means the disproportionate growth tion does not determine the number of the city. And this tendency of the who engage in it, but the kind of past sixty years is to continue. This people who engage in it. The dis- is quite in harmony with the well- proportionate growth of the city is known economic law called Engel's not a temporary phenomena; it must Law. According to this law, as the necessarily continue. When the income of the family increases, that world's demand for food is supplied, proportion of its budget devoted to the farming population can increase food steadily decreases. Observe, I only in proportion as the world's

THE KINGDOM AND THE DOWN-TOWN CHURCH

population increases; whereas the my fellow men, so that when I am population sustaining itself by the called to leave the world I may leave mechanical and fine arts will in- it a bit the better." That young crease as the world's population in- man was a Russian Jew, and that creases. Russian was a better American, that Jew was a better Christian, than All this means that we can not many a descendant of the Pilgrim evade the problems of the city. Fathers who is living a selfish life. Many are trying to do it. "Back to Here is splendid raw material, but the soil J" is a common and a falla- it must be Americanized. If we do cious cry. If we could take IOO,OOO not Americanize the foreigners in men out of the slums and set them our cities, they wiIl foreignize our on the land and then make them civilization. successful, their success would be at the expense of 100,000 other men In the city the problem of poverty whom they would drive from the soil is accentuated. As a rule, the into the city. We should not there- greater the city, the more desperate by take one step toward the solution is the poverty. In the city the probof the problem of the city. This lem of vice and crime is emphasized. problem must be faced, and the For in a given city population there sooner we face it, the sooner we are more crime and vice than in the shall solve it and adjust ourselves to the new conditions of the new civili- same population in the country diszation. tricts. In the city the problem of popular discontent is emphasized. We have glanced at the inevitable There Dives and Lazarus stand face problem of th~ city. Spend a mo- to face. There we find the ennui of ment in considering its complexities, surfeit and the desperation of starits magnitude, its urgency. In cities vation. It is in the city that we find we find a heterogeneous population. the opportunity for destruction, for In everyone of our large cities there there wealth is piled story upon story. Neither sulfur, nor saltpeter, are the representatives of at least nor charcoal, taken separately, is exfifty different countries. In New plosive, but combined they make York there are sixty-six different gunpowder. Opportunity for delanguages spoken. Whatever bur- struction where there is no temptaden immigration places on our civili- tion is not dangerous; poverty is zation is more than three times as not revolutionary when it is govgreat in the city as in the country erned by conscience. Vice and at large. As our Irish friends might crime are not revolutionary when say: Many of our best Americans they are quite comfortable, but were not born in their native land! wickedness and wretchedness and They are Americans by choice; most opportunity combined make social of us are Americans by accident; dynamite of which the magazine is and many a foreigner who has be- the city slum, awaiting only a casual come an American puts us to shame spark to burst into terrific destrucby his patriotism. Let me repeat to tion. you a few words from a letter which I read. That letter was written by The Church Problem a young man who came to this country young enough to get the Evidently our cities are the tainted advantages of our public schools spots in our civilization. The Church and then took a course in Columbia and the home are the two great con- University. After graduation he serving institutions of society. Are wrote: "I am now at the age of they growing proportionately with twenty-one a free American citizen, the city's growth. The churches are and I have but one great desire in falling far behind the growth of the life, and that is to do something for population of our cities. As cities grow larger the proportion of homes

decreases, while the hotel and res- let him move on, and then lapse into taurant population increases. The their accustomed inactivity, than it is majority of men on the farms own for a church, day after day, week their homes. When you come to after week, year after year, to live cities the size of Boston, only 18 per in vital touch with the multitude, cent own their homes. In Manhat- giving them new conceptions of life. tan, only 6 per cent own their homes. We need not more evangelists, but more evangelistic churches, more Here is the problem of the king- pastors, more laymen who are burndom, so far as the city is concerned. ing with evangelistic fervor; burn- It is to save the city by bringing ing with the love of humanity. men into harmony with the laws of God, physical, mental, moral and I believe that an institutional, or social, as well as spiritual. When the socialized Christian Church, is men everywhere are thus brought needed for the salvation of the into harmony with God, the kingdom down-town city, but it must be adewill have come. The kingdom can quately equipped. Such churches not come without the salvation of cost much more than the old family the city. Here, then, is a great church. Are we to provide the evangelistic problem of the twen- means? tieth century: saving the city. I believe that for the solution of that I believe, with all my heart, that problem the old method of evan- the Kingdom of God is coming in gelism is quite unequal. If Mr. the world. I believe that we can, Moody could again clothe himself with God's help, solve the problem with flesh and undertake our prob- of the city if we will but open our lem of city evangelization, and if he eyes to recognizE' it and open our should speak to 1,000 different souls hearts and hands to meet it. I beevery night of the year, never taking a vacation, it would be eighty years lieve that we have the guarantee of before he could get around once, and God's Book that the city is to be then the city population would have saved. Turn to the beginning of it; increased 200 or 300 per cent, and there we see man in a garden. It is there would be two or three times a vision of perfect beauty, perfect as many who had not heard his mes- simplicity, perfect innocence, of unsage as when he began. If we could fallen because of untried virtue. VVe have twenty Moodys and they spoke turn to the closing pages of this to 20,000 different souls every night Book, and again we see a picture of in the year, and if the cities could man perfected. In prophetic vision and would arrest their growth, then we behold not the beauty of innoour city population might hear the cence, but the beauty of holiness; Gospel message once in four years. not the insecure peace of virtue un- tried, but the established peace of In the city to-day, especially the virtue victorious. In this first picdown-town portions of the city, ture we see individualistic man; in are multitudes wholly uninstructed, this last picture we see socialized while other multitudes have been man. In the first, unfallen man susmisinstructed. They have no knowl- tains right relations to His Maker; edge of Christian truth. To what in the last, redeemed man has come purpose does a man come and de- into right relations with God and liver his message for a week or two? The whole conception of life of these with his fellows. The perfected people must be transformed. That crown of civilization, the full coming can be done only by long, persistent, of the kingdom of God in the earth, daily living contact with them. It is typified by a city, a holy city, into is a far easier thing for a church to which shall enter nothing unclean or hire an evangelist for a few weeks, that maketh a lie. Paradise lost was a garden; Paradise regained will be a city.

NATIONAL FLORENCE CRITTENTON MISSIONS'"

BY ALLAN SUTHERLAND, PHILADELPHIA, PA.

Twenty-eight years ago the promi- new field of work. The poor COun- nent wholesale druggist, Charles N. try boy, had, through his own ef- Crittenton, of New York City, lost forts, won a fortune before middle through death his little daughter, life, and from a small beginning Florence. Mr. Crittenton's grief was built up a large wholesale business.

almost unbearable, but he finally be- He had achieved the summit of his came reconciled by determining to ambition when the blow fell that live such a life as would insure his changed his life.

again meeting his little daughter in Four years he spent in night mis- the Father's House. sionary work in the slums, then his One night he accompanied a mis- health became so broken that his sionary into the slums and visited physician ordered him abroad. But saloons, in which there were drink- even his vacation trip he made a part ing, blaspheming and gambling, and of his new work. On his travels he where they found two young girls, visited all the large cities to study whom they exhorted to lead better the condition of the outcasts. He lives, and to whom they said in part- wished to investigate any movement ing, "God bless you; go and sin no that had been put on foot for the more." But as Mr. Crittenton was betterment of their condition, but in going home the practical questions all his tour he found not one saving arose in his mind: Where are they agency. It was with a renewed de- going? Where can they go? What termination to carryon the memorial doors are open to them except those to his little daughter that he re- that lead to sin and vice? turned home. The next three years The result was the opening in 1883 he spent on the Pacific Coast, build- of the first "Florence Home," 31 and ing homes in San Francisco, Los 33 Bleecker street, New York, from Angeles and San Jose. Then he vis- which there have sprung fifty-three ited many parts of the United other homes in different cities States, carrying his charitable sys- throughout the United States, as tem into the large cities. Every- well as one in Tokyo, Japan. Here where he became known as the any unfortunate girl-mother may friend of unfortunate girls and come and find a home and friends. women.

The first girl to enter the first The income even of a millionaire Florence Mission was one of the has its limits, and some attempt was girls to whom Mr. Crittenton talked made to render the homes self-sup- on the night that he visited the porting, but on accou;)t of the large slums with the missionary. The girl number of children and invalids to was Nellie Conroy, sold into sin at be cared for, this was found impos- the age of twelve years by a drunken sible. The burden of expense had mother, and who sank deeper and been borne almost entirely by Mr.

deeper, until Mr. Crittenton found Crittenton. As the work grew it be- her in a den of vice in Baxter street, came apparent that he must rest at New York. She was converted in the point he had reached or call on the Florence Home and lived there the public for aid. His first effort happily for two years until her was to reduce his own expenses to death. a minimum. His own railway fare Mr. Crittenton was not the man and that of his assistant had been a to be content with any but a large large item of expense, so he decided enterprise. The same energy and to buy a private car, which would be ability which had made him success- at once his home and a headquarters ful in business was carried into his for his work. The railroad mana- • From the Record of Christian Work. The recent death of the founder of this mission gives opeci.1 interest to tbis noble work.-EDITOR"

gers gladly passed him over their An appeal is always made to the lines, and the money thus saved was higher instincts of these betrayed devoted to building new missions. girls by surrounding them with home influences. In every human About six years ago the homes heart there is a germ of good, altho were consolidated into a national or- it may be thickly incrusted with evil, ganization to perpetuate and increase but faithful, persistent searching will the efficacy of the work. The United reveal it. Daily Bible reading and States Government became inter- prayer service are held in which each ested and granted a government girl takes a part. "An idle brain is charter and an appropriation. the devil's workshop." Work, there- fore, forms the all-important part of The government of the homes is life with the girls who are trained in liberal in character. There are no such lines of work as will enable bolts or bars. The doors stand open them to respectably support themday and night to receive any friend- selves and babies. Every girl serves less girl or woman, no matter who a term of three months each in the or what she is. They come of their laundry, kitchen, sewing-room and own free will, and love is the only nursery. influence used to win them. More than sixty per cent of the women The results are most encouraging. who enter are reformed and start out Often a girl remains in the home a in life anew, some as clerks and shop- year or eighteen months. She gen- . girls, many as trained servants. erally realizes that life is duty, and leaves to "put her shoulder to the With a daily average of 3,000 girls wheel," to work out her own destiny. and 600 babies to be clothed and fed A great many girls who have gone already, the movement is still being from these homes have married and pushed forward. The work has become loyal wives, and are now come to be better known, and the contributing to the funds of the public at large has helped more home that reclaimed them. Some largely for its support. of the girls are occupying positions as stenographers and typewriters, Many of the homes are supplied others have positions as teachers, with all their provisions by commis- and a large number as nursery girls, sion merchants. Large furniture and general servants. Those who houses have fitted others through- are mothers take care of their chilout. Even the telegraph companies dren by boarding them with friends. are not behind in giving aid. More In many instances parents who had than three hundred dollars' worth of closed their hearts and doors against dispatches are passed free over their their misguided daughters, have, after lines each year. learning through the matron of the Florence Home that their daughter Method. Employed and Results was struggling to make an honest living for her child, taken both baby The question is often asked, "How and daughter into their own homes. do these girls learn of your home?" Among other special efforts made, Many instances encourage the the matrons at the different railroad workers to believe firmly that these stations are asked to be on the look- results of human happiness, purity out for any young girl who appears and usefulness in place of misery, to be friendless and homeless, and degradation and vice, must meet who would therefore be apt to fall with the divine approval and win into bad hands, and invite such to the divine benediction. "Inasmuch come to the home. Thus often a as ye have done it unto one of the good work is accomplished in saving least of these, ye have done it unto girls from ruin. The police officers me." also know of the Florence Homes, and they often direct girls in their trouble to this place of refuge.

EDITORIALS

HOW TO HELP social life, in conventions, and in the The twentieth-century missionary matter of ministerial exchanges: in- movement is loudly calling for cooper- deed, in the largeness of their con- ation. How can it best be given? An ciliation are foremost in helping the invading foe fears two things: First, most noted offenders to places of anything that strengthens the other honor and trust as professors, presi- side; second, anything that weakens dents, lecturers, managers of church its own. To increase the enemy's boards, and even framers of creeds.

power of resistance and persistence is 3. Aggression. Its friends maintain to throw chances in his favor; to de- that both of the foregoing policies are crease defensive and aggressive re- untrue to faith, misrepresent the grav- sources on our own side is as effec- ity of the situation, are in the last de- tually to help the other party-our an- gree misleading and harmful to the tagonists. Just now there are six public, and are indeed contrary to the things that the times demand: In- plain instructions of the Scriptures.

formation as to the whole situation; The aggressive spirit is needed.

personal, individual sense of respon- sibility; cooperation in prayer, giving, PRAYER FOR THE EDINBURGH CONand, so far as possible, direct effort; FERENCE-THE GREAT TOPICS organization that is complete, univer- TO BE CONSIDERED sal and effective; consecration of secular affairs as part of a sacred No one can read the history of mis- service; mUltiplication of gratuitous sions without being stirred by the reading along missionary lines, and many and marvelous answers to the simplifying of all machinery, that prayer. Whatever a man's theory power may not be lost in mechanism. may be, th~ facts are indisputable that Some one asks, "What can be done God bids us pray and that He an- by friends of the old Gospel to help swers the united prayers of His peo- the situation?" Three possible policies ple.

offer themselves for adoption-the This year there is to be held in policy of inaction, the policy of con- Edinburgh, Scotland, the great Wcirld ciliation, and the policy of aggression. Missionary Conference. There will 1. Inaction. The Gamaliels say, gather the missionary thinkers and "Let these men alone. Take no notice workers from all over the world.

of what the perverts say or do; but Those who shape the missionary go forward praying and preaching policy of the Church will be in con- and publishing the old Gospel truths ference for ten days. It would be without reference to the new contra- difficult to overstate the importance dictions." This is for the time, of and possibilities of this meeting. How course, the least troublesome course. important it is that Christians every- 2. Conciliation. Its friends believe where unite in earnest prayer that in the winning power of kindness, these men and women may be rightly smiles, hearty handshakes, and loving guided both in the preparation of words. They caIl the crowd dear their papers and in the discussions brethren. They praise their sincerity, that follow their presentation.

love of the truth, eloquence, with First: The whole world is to be trumpets, and condemn their errors brought into view showing the present with bated and apologetic breath. conditions and needs, the land yet to They say as many good things of be possest and the great tasks before them as possible and as few evil. They the Church.

yield to them .<lS much as possible, and Second: The condition and possi- something more, out of generosity and bilities of the native church are to be largeness of heart. They make no reviewed-the organization, discipline, offensive distinctions between the education, employment and spiritual most radical and the most orthodox in fruitfulness of the native Christians.

No more important topic could be titude of missionaries toward their brought forward for these are the peo- own and the native governments?

ple who must be the means of evan- How pressing is this problem in times gelizing their own people. of riot and massacre! Shall the mis- Third: Educational missions are sionaries claim protection or suffer certain to have a large part in future persecution? Shall they see their na- missionary work. Some have been in- tive friends endure all kinds of in- clined to omit them in favor of only justice and barbarity or shall they be evangelistic effort, but the results of a temporal as well as a spiritual force school and college work are too great in the lands where they labor. What to be ignored. There is, however, a importance these questions assume in need for vastly more spiritual pur- lan?s like Turkey, Persia, Korea, pose and power in educational mis- Chma and the Kongo!

sions. Eighth: The question of coopera- Fourth: The relation of Christian- tion and the promotion of union ought ity to non-Christian religions is a vast to be discust in a way to bring re- and important topic. How fully must sults. Already the churches in the converts cast loose from their old mission fields are uniting and there is habits and beliefs? How large is the a spirit of cooperation in the home modicum of truth in non-Christian re- church as well. Christian Endeavor, ligions which can be used in turning Y. M. C. A., student and other young men to God and salvation through people's movements and conferences Christ? The theology of the future have brought Christians nearer to- native church may be greatly in- gether. True church union, if not fluenced by the findings of this com- unity, might increase the power of mission. the Christian Church tenfold. Ter- Fifth: The preparation of mis- ritory might be redivided, with great sionaries. Shall all be sent who ap- economy of labor and money. Here ply or must there be a rigid sifting on is a topic which alone would be worthy physical, moral and theological of a world conference and the united grounds? How important it is that prayer of Christendom. The oneness the men and women who are to be for which Christ prayed has not yet the great ambassadors of the King- been achieved.

dom of God in foreign lands shall be adequately trained and fitted to present THE WORLD GROWING LARGER the cause of the King of kings! W. Muller, in "Lose Hefte," says, There must be practical suggestions strikingly, "We usually say, 'The for the realization of Christian ideals world grows smaller every day,' be- of leadership. cause we think only of the distances Sixth: The home church and mis- diminishing rapidly on account of sions. There are men and women quicker means of communication and enough, there is money enough, there commerce in our day. It would be is intelligence enough and there is far more exact to say, 'The world spiritual power enough to evangelize grows larger every day.' Mission- the world in this generation. How aries in heathen countries and in cen- is the Church to be aroused to a trally located places are often over- fuller sense of responsibility? How whelmed by the impression of the are the young people to be trained? numerical superiority of the multi- What is the most effective use of tudes they are facing. India to-day literature? There is need of a vast contains about 300,000,000 inhabitants.

.amount of earnest prayer that the Fifty years ago they were estimated Church at home shall have the right at 150,000,000. Within a half-century ideals and the self-sacrificing spirit of the number of heathen and Moham- Christ, her Lord. medans in India has been almost Seventh: What shall be the at- doubled. Truly one is tempted to ex-

claim, 'Weare getting farther away number of .adherents the same in the from our goal.' The increase must fourteenth as in the twelfth. be similarly large throughout the world in spite of wars, famines, pes- M. Founier de Flaix, after a very tilences, and plagues. elaborate inquiry and investigation, es- "What are the increases in Christian timates the number of Christians now congregations of natives, tho it is living at 477,080,158. Probably he actually greater than 50 per cent, the would estimate the number for the small additions to our missionary nineteenth century at 300,000,000. staffs, and the increase-a little larger than that of missionaries-of native His classification of the world's helpers, pastors, catechists, teachers, other religions is interesting, and and colporteurs, when we compare probably approaches correctness, as them with the immense numerical in- follows: crease of heathenism and Islam? In spite of all that has been done during Hinduism ………………. 190,000,000 the past century of missionary activ- Buddhism ……………… 147,000,000 ity, we are only at the beginning of Confucianism …………… 256,000,000 the work. Christendom must come to Shintoism ………………. 24,000,000 a deeper realization of her great duty Judaism ……………….. 7,186,000 and must be made willing to fulfil it Taoism ………………… 43,000,000 far more earnestly before she can Mohammedanism ……….. 175,000,000 reach the goal and plant the cross of Polytheism (many gods) …. 117,618,669 Christ upon the golden cupolas of the great pagodas and upon the ramparts This would make the entire populaof the slender minarets! tion of the globe somewhat over 1,422,000,000, with Christian adher- The situation is, however, far from ents outnumbering any other faith and discouraging, for the percentage of nearly double even the largest of the heathen and Christian in foreign lands others. is constantly diminishing, the native churches are becoming self-extending There is always risk in too much and Christians at home are awaking dependence on mere numbers. But to their responsibility. there is no doubt that this growth of the nominal body of Christian ad- THE GROWTH OF CHRISTIANITY herents has been more rapid since the century of modern missions began. A The historian, Turner, in his "Sa- hundred years ago there were not ISO cred History of the World," gives in missionaries in all heathendom. In round numbers an estimate of the expansion of the Christian community, 1895 it was estimated that there were according to centuries, from the first 12,000 missionary stations, with 11,000 to the eighteenth as follows: 500,000 missionaries and a body of 40,000 naadherents, then two million, five, ten, tive helpers, and the number is now fifteen, twenty, twenty-four, thirty, very much increased. forty, fifty, seventy, eighty, seventyfive (thirteenth century), and again The greatest triumphs have been in eighty, a hundred, a hundred and the Islands of the Sea, more than 300 twenty-five,· a hundred· and fifty-five, of which have been evangelized within and finally, two hundred million. It is some 80 years, and some of them not plain that these numerical estimates are wholly untrustworthy, for we have having i heathen left. The China almost no data on which to build them safely. It is difficult to understand on Inland Mission, begun in 1865, has what authority he drops five million now, at 210 stations, 928 missionaries. in the thirteenth century, to add it Since the beginning over 30,000 Chiagain the fourteenth, making the nese converts have been welcomed to fellowship, of whom over two-thirds survive, and during the last reported year 2,500 were added. It is said that, of the 380 members of the Japanese Parliament, 4 per cent are Christians, and that of the people 45 per cent are under Chris- tian influence. The Christian members

of parliament are also men of great have a tenfold more difficult task in influence and prestige in their own Korea. country. It is true that Mr. Homer B. Hurl- MISSIONARIES AND POLITICS IN burt, formerly of Korea but not con- nected with any missionary society, KOREA has been an adviser to the Korean Government and has endeavored to in- It is one of the cardinal principles terest the American Government in of Protestant missionary societies that seeing justice done to the Hermit Natheir missionaries must not engage in tion. It is not true, however, that he political disputes or take sides in na- has ever advised armed resistance or tional controversies in the lands where bloodshed. He knows well that it they labor. Almost without exception would be useless if not wrong. Dr. H. the foreign missionaries adhere to this G. Underwood, when in America, conprinciple, even at the risk of being sistently refrained from any public utgreatly misunderstood by their native terance on the Japanese occupation friends and converts. of Korea. He has only recently re- turned to Seoul, and the story is there- In Korea the missionaries have been fore wholly without foundation, as placed in a particularly trying situa- printed in Japanese papers, that he has tion. Japan, without any manifest had anything to do with stirring up right, has stept in to take over the anti-Japanese sentiment or is in the control of Korean national and inter- most remote way responsible for the national affairs. The conditions they assassination of Marquis Ito. Dr. Unfound were undoubtedly corrupt. derwood is a Christian statesman; Officials were ignorant, weak and un- and, with the other missionaries, is just. There seemed little hope for busied with the spiritual regeneration reformation from the inside, by the of the Koreans, and does not interfere native rulers. Japan was impatient in the political affairs. and made a way to gain control of the government. With the advent of Jap- THE STATISTICAL TABLES anese soldiers came cruelty and oppression toward many innocent Ko- A correspondent kindly calls attenreans. Property was confiscated, tion to an error in the statistical tables women were abused, men were com- published in January, confined to a pelled to work and were beaten un- single figure, but which robs the Presjustly. Even the homes of native byterian Church of no less than 20,000 Christians were sometimes demanded communicants! The lamentable slip for the soldiers' immoral purposes. was made in copying the report for- The Korean Christians cried out to warded from the New York office, in their missionary teachers. The hearts which the first figure of 96,801, being of these noble men and women were somewhat indistinct, was mistaken for stirred by the scenes they witnessed. a 7 and so the communicants were re- What could they do? They must not ported as numbering only 76,801. This advise resistance or they would be ac- also changes the totals for America cused of political plots; inaction and for the world. In this connection seemed weak and heartless. N ever- it may fittingly be said: The evidence theless, the missionaries have reso- is abundant that the statistical tables lutely refrained from political intrigue are closely scanned and highly appreand have not taken sides against the ciated by not a few; and thereby the Japanese-however strong their sym- determination is strengthened to keep pathies may have been. They have errors at a minimum, and in every counseled the native Christians to be way possible make the figures increaslaw-abiding and without reproach and ingly valuable. to suffer for well-doing rather than for evil-doing. It is safe to say that, A typographical error also took ten but for the missionaries, Japan would millions from the amount given to foreign missions in the past year. The single station, under the care of Rev. Donald Fraser, of the U. F. Church. figures should read $Il,317,407. It The gathering of such a multitude and will be noticed that this is $1,250,000 so many baptisms in connection with a more than was given last year. All single mission-station make that Louhonor to the Laymen's Movement [ don convention remarkable.

THE C. M. S. IN EAST AFRICA A JAPANESE VIEW OF LIQUOR We have the following correction LICENSE from the Bishop of Uganda, British This was too good to be passed by, East Africa, dated October 19, 1909. it must be passed on: He says: An officer from Japan, visiting In The Missionary World for Septem- America, one day, while looking about ber there is an extract from a letter of a big city, saw a man stop a milk Mr. Hulburt's (of the Africa Inland wagon. Mission), in which he says that we have abandoned our advance westward owing "Is he going to arrest the man?" he to the obstruction of the Belgian Gov- asked. ernment. This is quite a misapprehension. We are still at work with our "No," was the answer; "he must see native agents on the western side of that the milk sold by this man is pure, Albert Lake, and have lately made a for- with no water or chalk mixed with it." mal application, or rather a renewed application to the Belgian Government for "Would chalk or water poison the a site in the Isumu district of the milk?" Kongo Free State. We have never wavered in our determination togo forward "No; but people want pure milk if into the Kongo. Our station at Mbosa, they pay for it." on the north of Ruwonzori, is about the most promising of all our stations north Passing a whisky saloon, a man of Uganda, and it is our great hope to staggered out, struck his head against advance thence both northward and a lamp-post, and fell to the sidewalk. westward. "What is the matter with that There seemed to be some misappre- man?" hension as to what our position really was and what our prospects are. Our "He is full of bad whisky." station at Toro is a very strong one, and "Is it poison?" is so maintained with the object of its "Yes; a deadly poison," was the service as a base for our advance inland. answer. "Do you watch the selling of whisky (Signed) ALFRED R. TUCKER, as you do the milk?" asked the Japa- Bishop of Uganda. nese. "No." P. S.-The district pointed out by Mr. At the markets they found a man Hurlburt, on the map, and which was looking at the meat to see if it was either on or in close proximity to the healthy. French Kongo, and which I suggested "I can't understand your country," might be found to be within the area as- said the Japanese. "You watch the signed by the Sudan Government to the meat and the milk, and let men sell Austrian branch of the Roman Church, whisky as much as they please." is beyond our sphere.-A. R. T. FIFTY YEARS OF ANSWERED THE LOUDON CONVENTION PRAYER By some oversight, which it is difficult to understand, the Loudon con- In response to a request the pub- lishers have reprinted the article from vention mentioned on page 5 of our our J.gnuary number, and are able to January number was referred to as supply it in pamphlet form at 2 cents belonging to the South Africa Dutch each, or $1.00 per hundred copies. Reformed Mission. The Dutch field Bishop C. C. Penick has already orlies to the south of the field of the dered 500 copies for distribution. United Free Church Mission, to which the Loudon station belongs. The convention referred to was not the annual convention of the mission, but of a

MISSIONARY

AMERICA teering for mission service, and he wanted to form a syndicate of busi- The Laymen's Movement and Christian ness men who would supply the funds Unity to send them. The proposition was applauded to the echo, as was the fur- Speaking of the series of confer- ther suggestion that business men of large earning capacity, who were reences now in progress, The Church- tiring on a competence in middle life, man says: should remain in the harness one or two years longer "for Jesus' sake," The divisions of the non-Christian and give all the earnings of those world will force the conference to realize years to extend His kingdom-a the ineffectiveness of the Christian world proposition most sane as well as most and the incubus imposed by the sin of its Christian. Religion and business divisions. There must also come the would thus be closely linked together. positive assurance that there is such a thing as a common Christian view of These six statements of fact, taken God and the world, a common Christian from a single issue of Men and Misideal of character, a Christian Gospel and sions, give some indication of how the a Christian hope, all appearing as con- laymen are undertaking to do things cordant and harmonizing parts of a com- for the furtherance of the kingdom: mon faith, to which only a united body can bear witness in the visible course of Twelve different communions are this world and the actualities of common at work canvassing their members in social life. The details of reunion will, Baltimore. it is true, not be on the agenda papers of the conference. But the need of re- The Episc.opalians of Philadelphia union and the mighty appeal to Chris- have a committee of twenty-five laytians to find some permanent way of follow- men at work. ing Christ without violating His precepts j that they must be one with one another in Eighty-two laymen made addresses order to be one with Him, will fill the in eighty-two churches in Indianapolis atmosphere of the conference. The gath- on a single Sunday. ering together of such a conference must of itself powerfully contribute to the Fifty-six churches have appointed healing of the divisions of Christendom. active missionary committees. In nearly everyone of them an every- The Interior speaks thus of the member campaign is under way.

Laymen's Movement: After rounding out the canvass at Petersburg and Richmond, the men The first two months of this greatest of those cities are planning to carry series of missionary meetings yet seen in the campaign into every city and town Christendom have been an unprecedented in the State. success. For thoroughness of organization and business-like system in manage- Lincoln Memorial University Burned ment. no church undertaking ever before inaugurated in this country has approxi- A sad loss has come to the Lincoln mated this comprehensive enterprise. Memorial University, located at Cum- There has not been one failure among berland Gap, Tennessee, in the destructhe score of conventions thus far held. tion of the main building, Grant-Lee Everywhere the theme of missions has Hall. This university is about ten taken hold of the men of the churches as years old, having been founded for the no other religious subject has lately purpose of giving a good practical gripped them. With all the enthusiasm education to the mountaineer youth engendered, however, there has prevailed of the South. General O. O. Howard sanity and care. The advances of giving was its founder and was much interdetermined on have in no case been be- ested in the institution, giving pracyond the goal of a reasonable effort, tically all his time in later years to the usually from 7S to 100 per cent increase. securing of financial support. Besides And in every place immediate canvasses the building and furnishings, the three for subscriptions have brought in gifts printing-presses, the work-shop and generously justifying the aim adopted.

Under the inspiration gathered at the recent convention of Student Volunteers, Mr. A. E. Marling, one of the leading business men of New York City, told the business men of Brooklyn that he had seen at Roches- ter the youth of the colleges volunto.o.ls were also. destroyed. Now is the hold. another down in the ditch without time fo.r friends to rally to the aid of staymg down in the ditch with it. this institution. In another part of his address he Sins Against Immigrant. said: Says Prof. A. E. Steiner in his re- Liberty is not a bequest, but a conquest. cently published The Immigrant Men are freed by truth. Emancipation Tide: proclamations by governments do not free slaves of any kind. But they go a The S.cotch-Irish of Pittsburg are not good w~y toward preparing them for a conspICUOUS example of good citizen- ment<l;l liberty. We will never get true ship for the Italians; the Germans of Americans until their brains, their hearts Rea<;iit:'g ::nd Lancaster have no overplus and their hands are educated simultaneof CIVIC righteousness to give the Slavs; ously. the Quakers of Philadelphia have not been moved by the Spirit to teach the Another World Convention Jews how to govern a city righteously; the Yankees of Connecticut and Rhode The program for the World's Sixth Sunday-school Convention, to be held or Island have not ruled their States in such in Washington, May 19-24, is about completed, and will probably be the a manner that the crude Lithuanian greatest Sunday-school program ever the Greek could in aIJ cases follow their compiled, since no gathering of Chrisexample; nor are the Irish of New York tian workers has such a large conin a position to throw stones at the other stituency as the World's Sundayraces. ~chool Associati<?n. The Sunday dur- mg the conventIOn, May 22, will be An Ex-Jesuit in America known as World's Sunday-school Day, and will be fittingly observed in The former learned Jesuit priest, every country on the globe and in the Rev. Giorgio Bartoli, D.D., of Italy, islan.ds of the seas. A special opening who recently united with the Wal- serVIce for' the use of the Sundaydensian Church, has now come to schools throughout all the earth is New York with Dr. Muston, president now in course of preparation. This of the Waldensian Board of Evan- opening exercise or special service gelization. Dr. Bartoli is one of will be arranged to occupy just fifteen Italy's most learned men, and has minutes at the opening of the Suncome to have a clear conception of the day-school session on that day; it will Gospel to Christ. He has lately pub- be printed in more than 50 languages lished a book entitled "The Primitive and in quantities reaching into the Church," which explains why he left many millions of copies. the Roman Catholic Church and the Jesuit order, of which he had been a A Missionary Pilgrimage member for 27 years. He comes to America to give new interest in the Following the World Missionary noble Waldensian Church, and to Conference in Edinburgh next June a bring further cooperation in the evan- party of Americans are to cruise in gelization of Italy. For further infor- the Mediterranean to visit American mation write to Mrs. R. A. Dorman, colleges, missions and hospitals in the 28 West 69th Street, N ew York. Near East. They will use the steam- yacht A thena to visit Macedonia, How to Make True Americans Turkey, Asia Minor and Syria. Con- ferences with missionaries are ar- Booker T. Washington continues to ranged in Constantinople, Smyrna, be a most effective pleader for his race. Beirut and Cairo in Egypt. The party At a recent meeting in Henry Ward will have sufficient leisure to enjoy Beecher's old church he used this the art of Greece, the inspiration of striking language and metaphor: the Holy Land and the Egyptian temples up the Nile. Professor Har- When I was a boy I was the champion lan P. Beach, of Yale, will lead the fighter of my town. I used to love to hold the boys down in the ditch and hear them yell. When I grew older I found that I could not hold another boy down in the ditch without staying down in the ditch with him. Nor can any race

mlsslOnary thought of the whole trip. for studying the legal and political Before the missionary cruise, the questions that just now concern the group will attend the Edinburgh con- negro, defending or instituting suits ference, and the Passion Play at in the courts to test the validity of Oberammergau. The itinerary and statutes or ordinances obj ectionable program have been planned by a large to him, investigating lynchings and committee of missionary board secre- keeping accurate records of crimes by taries. or against negroes, and of promoting in various ways their education and The Bible Feared and Haled welfare. Such a committee should be able to help the negro precisely in the Says the Bible Society Record: directions where all agree that he most needs help, namely, in industrial and One of our colporteurs in Mexico, En- moral training-thrift, skill, and capcarnacion Martinez, made a trip lately, vis- ital, manliness, and virtue. iting the little ranches and big haciendas, offering for sale the Word of Life. When South America the Forlorn he reached the Hacienda de Pardo he found great opposition to the entrance Robert E. Speer, secretary of the of the Word. One of the bosses asked Presbyterian Board of Foreign Misto be shown some Bibles, and bought a sions, has been on a visit of six months' seventy-five cent one. He then took his duration to South American countries knife from his pocket and proceeded to to study opportunities and conditions cut the precious book to pieces. He with respect to mission work. He then called our brother into a room and visited Brazil, Chili, Uruguay, the Arsaid, "Look here." There were fully two gentine, Peru, Bolivia and Colombia. dozen copies of Bibles and New Testa- Mr. Speer found the student bodies ments that had been taken away from in the educational centers far behind the people who had bought them. those of Japan and India in educa- "These," said he, "will be burned upon tional dvelopment and in moral ideals. the next visit of the priest." This hap- Half the population of Chili and 85 pened last week only, less than 40 miles per cent in some of the other countries from Mexico City. are unable to read and write. From one-fourth to one-half of all the people The Negro: His Present and Future of the continent official reports show are born out of wedlock. Mr. Speer A national conference has been held pronounces South America a misin New York to discuss the position sionary field indeed, despite the fact and prospects of the black man in the that the W orId Missionary Conference United States. Several eminent men, in Edinburgh next year is disposed to lifelong friends of the negro, had re- rule out of its consideration the fields fused to sign the call and were of now occupied by Roman Catholics. the opinion that the conference might do more harm than good; but others, Work Among Women in Bueno. Ayre. men and women of sober judgment, thought the conference opportune, The Y. W. C. A. has sent two secreand it was held. Some of the ses- taries to Buenos Ayres, Argentine Resions were stormy and much friction public, to aid in the upbuilding of asoccurred, yet the conference as a sociation work in that great, cosmowhole was a success. The resolutions politan, and very wicked city, where adopted demand the enforcement of women generally are looked down the constitution and the laws pro- upon and all efforts for amelioration tective of the negro's rights and op- of their moral or material condition portunities, protest against backward are held in contempt. In 1905 a steps either in politics or in industry, branch Y. W. C. A. was organized by and urge earnest efforts in behalf of Mrs. Neeley, wife of the M. E. the black men in those States where Bishop, whose diocese used to be in discrimination is practised or threatened. The best result of the conference is the decision to create a national committee of forty citizens for the purpose of organizing a large body

Buenos Ayres, and other good women therefore we may cherish the conof different nationalities. In the four fidence that it will prove instrumental years of its existence the association to a good end, either in the nearer or has done noble work and developed farther future.-Free Church Record. a boarding department, down-town lunch-rooms, classes in sewing and in British Medical Mis.ionarie. Bible instruction, and classes in Spanish and English. Preeminently, how- As usual, at the opening of the year, ever, does it give its thought to pre- Medical Missions at Home and ventive work among young women Abroad gives the names and locaand girls, for the white slave traffic is tions of all "medical missionaries holdflourishing in Buenos Ayres to a terri- ing British degrees or diplomas." The fying extent, and pitfalls and snares number of these is now 403, an inare laid for girls and young women crease of 18 over a year ago. They which are almost beyond the concep- are in the employ of 41 societies, and tion of North American women. of course are scattered all the world over. The Church Missionary So- EUROPE ciety makes use of 8I, the United Free Church of Scotland of 61, Lon- Rival Scotch Churches in Conference don Society 39, Wesleyan 20, Baptist 19, Church of Scotland and Irish The 9th of November, IgOg, has be- Presbyterian each 18. come an historic date in the ecclesiastical history of Scotland. On that day THE CONTINENT was held the first meeting of the two committees appointed by the general French Protestants in Council assemblies of our own Church and of the Church of Scotland to enter into An assembly of French Protestants unrestricted conference on the eccle- was held at Nimes for three days in siastical situation and the main causes the end of October. For the first time of the separation between the two regularly appointed representatives of churches. all the denominations met together to deliberate as members of the same It is important that the purpose of body. Reformed· Protestants of all the conference should be clearly un- shades – Lutherans, Independents, derstood. It is not to attempt the ad- Methodists, Baptists – affirmed their justment of a plan of union. Neither moral and spiritual unity, sealed a assembly has yet ventured to affirm compact of alliance, and decided to that the way is open for union. But meet again every five years in plenary the significant fact is that the two assembly. Out of these fraternal dechurches, while fully conscious of all liberations has issued the "Conseil de the difficulties involved, especially in la Federation protestante." It is the acceptance by the one and the decli- charged, among other things, to denature by the other of a civil estab- fend the general interests of French lishment, have entered into what both Protestantism and the rights of libdesire to be the fullest and frankest erty of conscience or of worship wherconference in all brotherliness upon the ever these are threatened or invaded, causes which separate them. That as they have been in Madagascar. great fact is evidence of a common The assembly has also issued an adconviction of loss and hindrance to dress to the Protestants of France the cause of Christ in Scotland oc- which is a document marked by clear casioned by existing divisions, and of spiritual vision and persuasive love. deep and prayerful yearnings for the Toward the close it touches on the didisappearance of these divisions in a visions of Protestantism and deplores Presbyterian Church which shall be them, but recognizes certain advanin the best sense national, united, and tages from the diversities that exist free. We have been led into it, we with the realization of inward unity. can not doubt, by the hand of God, and Almost the closing word is as follows: "It has been said, not without reason, like M. Vandervelde is satisfied with that it is the misfortune of France to the "scheme of reforms"-confessedly be divided between two opposing fac- incomplete. tions, ultramontanism and atheism. Between these two extremes Protes- The Vatican is very solicitous about tantism opens the true way, that of the new King of Belgium, and shows free faith in Jesus Christ, united to its alertness by taking prompt measindependence from any yoke of man." ures to reenforce his religious views by surrounding him by Romanist ad- Protestant Reunion in Belgium visers. The Petit Republique prints. a resume of an alleged cipher dispatch We record with pleasure that the sent by Cardinal Merry del Val, papal two main Protestant bodies in Bel- secretary to the Nuncio at Brussels, gium have united in order to help the saying that the accession of King Al- Protestant societies already at work bert has created inquietude in Rome, on the Kongo. The new movement is where he is considered a lukewarm to be known as the Belgian Society Catholic, with anti-clerical, even soof Protestant Missions on the Kongo, cialistic sympathies. and is already responsible for the support of two orphans. An appeal is Buddha or Christ? in Germany made to children in Belgian Protestant Sunday-schools to join some group of It is stated that there are about the Friends of Missions. To interest the 250,000 Buddhists in Germany alone, children, the Central Committee of the and that the majority of them belong Federation of Teachers in the "Eglise to the so-called cultured classes. The chretienne missionnaire beige" has Reformation, a German magazine, just translated and published Mrs. says: "In Leipsic is a Buddhistic mis- Ruskin's story, "Bokuba, the Twice- sionary institute with eleven itinerant redeemed Slave," which they send 'preachers.' In Munich a cerc1e of forth with Christmas greetings. We members of the nobility gather on the hope that the result of this story may evening of every Lord's day to enbe to enable our friends to support a gage in the heathen worship of native evangelist to the people among Buddha. The gospel of self-atonewhom Mrs. Ruskin labors. ment is being proclaimed, and cap- tivated a prominent theologian of King Albert and the Kongo the modern school so that he set the crumbs of Indian philosophy before The new Belgian monarch has his congregation during eleven years. traveled in the Kongo. In an ex- Francis Hartman, a German savant, cellent Times article, it is said: who has spent eleven years in Budd- histic cloisters in India, cries out, He was naturally precluded by his po- 'Holy Buddha, we are at thy feet in sition from taking any part in the con- Germany also.' It is a terrible fact. troversies connected with the Kongo, but Among the noble and the cultured this . . . he is known to have been painfully heathenism has its zealous followers, imprest by the need of reform, during who spend immense sums for its his recent visit to the colony. spread. In Paris, a German baron gave $125,000 for Buddhistic mission- In his royal message he makes the fol- ary work." lowing reference to the subject: "In the Kongo the nation wishes for a policy of Increased Missionary Intereat in humanity and progress. The colonizing Germany mission can but be a mission of high civilization. Belgium has always kept The General Synod of Prussia her promises, and when she engages to which met in Berlin in November apply in the Kongo a policy worthy of recognized the necessity of better inher, no one has the right to doubt her struction of future pastors concerning word." the history, aims, and methods of Christian missions and petitioned the That is excellent, and it is not for us to suspect the bona fides of the new king. It is a welcome sign of the times that a good friend of the Kongo government (through the Evangelical morning. The spirit among the stu- High Consistory) for the founding of dents is good, and the President looks a chair for the science of missions in forward to a year of quiet and steady the University of Berlin. It also ap- growth in all departments of the work. pealed to all members of the Church for increased interest in the preaching Rev. Stephen Trowbridge writes of the Gospel to the heathen, espe- that the week of prayer in the Syrian cially in the German colonies. Protestant College has been a season of marked spiritual power. There has Russian Relics of the Dark Ages been an average daily attendance at the college prayer-meetings of 300, The chancery of the Holy Synod and many have given evidence of rehas recently pUblished some statistics newed spiritual life. This is the more relating to one feature of the Russo- encouraging when we remember that Greek Church which to modern ears last year the Moslem and Jewish stuare near to the incredible. There are dents were on strike against attendin Russia 300 recognized monasteries ance at any of the religious exercises and 228 nunneries, with I37 monas- or Bible classes of the college. teries and I54 nunneries not under control. The monks number 9,707, Jubilee of the British Syrian Mission with 8,I04 novitiates, and the nuns II,870, with 35,559 novitiates. The The British Syrian Mission, founded Alexander Nevski monastery in St. by Mrs. Bowen Thompson in I860, is Petersburg possesses $I,600,000 in entering upon its jubilee. We regret gold. Percherskoi monastery at Kieff to see that it closed the forty-ninth owns property worth $900,000,000, year of its activity in Syria with the while Troitsa-Sergleffski, situated very heavy deficit of $6,000, and trust forty miles from Moscow, has prop- that its friends will rally round it and erty worth $r,6oo,000,000. All com- free it from debt. The work is in a bined the wealth of the monasteries most prosperous condition and in the and nunneries is estimated to be no 38 schools 3,027 pupils (556 Mohamless than $3,735,000,000 I medan) were instructed by 20 Eu- ropean and 79 native teachers. The ASIA 4 preaching stations attracted average congregations of r87, while the 16 The Syrian Protestant College Bible women and Scripture readers did much good in their sphere of President Howard Bliss writes that activity. The superintendent of the this institution, located at Beirut, has mission, Miss Thompson, has been had a very prosperous opening of its forced to resign under medical advice, season of Ig09-I9IO. The number of but purposes residing in Beirut so students now enrolled is 830. There that she will be able to aid the work will be additions to this number dur- by her experience and counsel. ing the year in the preparatory department. There were never so many Scattered Laborers in Peraia students in the upper departments at the college-472. Of these 830 stu- Rev. James H. Linton, of the dents, 174 are Protestant, 439 belong Church Missionary Society, stationed to other Christian sects, IOr are Mos- at Shiraz, Persia, writes: lems, 86 Jews, 25 Druses, and 5 Behais. All the students attend all Christian workers in Persia are not the required religious exercises and usually jammed up in the way we are Bible classes. The Young Men's at home. For example, I am the only Christian Association has enrolled Christian worker of any denomination in nearly 300 members, who attend not Shiraz. My nearest missionary neighbors only the weekly meeting, but also the are at Yezd, twelve days' caravan journey voluntary Bible classes on Sabbath off! Tho Ispahan is farther away it is possi- ble to go there in seven days, traveling night and day on a springless cart. Be- tween here and the sea (Bushire) there is no missionary. We have no "Conferences"-but we have God. When the from them; but the most potent of all props have gone we value our union with Him. -and its power will be even greater in the future-is the effort to Chris- Reenforc:emenb for Arabia tianize the land.

Five new missionaries are soon to be It is encouraging to find the bishop added to the Arabian Mission-Rev. remarking, without any reservations, Ewim Elliott Claverley, and Dr. Mrs. that: Claverley; Dr. Paul Wilberforce Harrison, Dr. Anna Christine Iverson and It is hardly rash to prophesy that Miss Dorothy Firman. Dr. Cantine within the next fifty years some 30,000,000 of the same mission, writing at the or more of the out-castes wiil be gathconclusion of twenty years' work in ered into the Christian Church; and if Arabia, says: this prophecy is fulfilled, a social revo- lution will take place in every village, Our society seemed definitely held to and a new force will arise in Indian poliits first purpose of pioneer work among tics and in Indian religion. . . . Fifty Moslems looking toward the interior of million Christians will be a greater power Arabia as its ultimate goal. This de- in the land than 60,000,000 Mohammevelopment toward the interior, tho nec- dans. . . . The elevation of the outessarily following our occupation of the castes will be also the most effective coast, has been steadily carried out. Our demonstration of the essential difference first out-stations were a couple of hun- between Christianity and Hinduism. dred miles from Busrah, one on the Here are 50,000,000 of people whom Hin- Tigris and one on the Euphrates; and duism has reduced to a state of utter in the mountains of Oman, westward misery. The Christian Church holds out from Muscat, there is another Christian to them the right hand of brotherhood, outpost. We have always prayerfully and gives them a new life. No amount and longingly looked at the open roads of subtle reasoning can turn the edge of inland, but only this year has our force this argument as a witness to Christ. on the coast been strong enough to justify setting aside one of our number, a Gospel Work at Hindu Festivals doctor, for definite work among the tribes inland. The Rev. W. S. Sutherland writes in Conference: INDIA The Hindu festivals at Sriperumbudur The Out-Castes Flocking to Christ and Conjeeveram have this year given exceptionally good opportunities for Gos- In a noteworthy article appearing in pel work. Of the rowdyism of the last the Nineteenth Century, the Bishop of few years hardly a trace remained. At Madras writes sympathetically upon Conjeeveram the multitude was as great the interesting "Out-Castes of India," as ever. A company of about 30 workers, and throws a strong light upon some including picked workers from other disof the pressing problems of this great tricts and men from other missions, held peninsula. The bishop urges-and "the fort for seven days. About 300 Gosit can not be too often repeated-that pels and little books were sold, and about the conversion of India depends, not 40,000 tracts of one sort or another were upon the conversion of the Brahmans, given away in Tamil, Telugu, and Engor of the educated classes of the large lish. This year we had about 10,000 little towns, but upon that of the huge pop- leaflets specially printed, containing a ulation of the villages; and he states suitable heading, a striking text, and a that during the past forty years in the word of explanation and invitation to call Telegu country about 250,000 out- on the workers for inquiry. Of our castes have become Christians, in the preachers, 4 were themselves Brahman Travancore State about 100,000, and converts of our own or other missions. that every year these mass movements Two had actually been employed in large toward Christianity gather strength. temples in their early days, and a third Undoubtedly much is being done for had received his first Christian instructhe elevation of the people of India. tion in the Conjeeveram high school Changes, economic and otherwise, are about 40 years ago. being made, and much is hoped for The South Indian Alsembly The second general assembly of the South India United Church met in Trevandrum in December. The Lon- don Mission, Madura Mission, Arcot Mission, and United Free Church Mis-

GENERAL MISSIONARY

sion were represented, and the com- Misaionariea from India to Fiji bined organization consists of II3 churches, with a Christian community Three years ago-during the India of 145,000. There were 60 delegates Jubilee celebration-a farewell meetpresent. Dr. Wyckoff, the retiring ing was held at the Bareilly Theopresident, congratulated the assembly logical Seminary on the occasion of on the recognition accorded to the sending one of its students, Udai South Indian Church by those of Eng- Singh, to the Fiji Islands as a misland and America. "Again," he said, sionary among the East Indians living "the present is the most suitable time there. During the early part of this to effect a union. The Indian Church year two Wesleyan missionaries from ought as far as possible be indigenous. Fiji visited this seminary and made The apostolic church took a different a strong appeal for helpers. As a reform in democratic Greece from what sult of this as well as of the interest it did in Imperial Rome, while in created by the letters of Udai Singh, Palestine it accommodated itself in the five men offered themselves as missioncircumstances prevailing there. The aries to Fiji. Two of these, with their Indian churches ought to be organized wives, have gone and the others have on the lines of the village system of doubtless also set sail. Thus is India, self-government under proper and too, beginning to heed the "Go ye" of effective control. The form of wor- Christ. ship must be suited to India. A Puritan meeting-house with its bald service Baptism of a Brahman is not the ideal for an Oriental church. Modified episcopacy is likely to be the Rev. W. C. Penn, of Noble College, best suited to India. The South Indian Masulipatam, writes as follows in the church should be comprehensive C. M. S. Gazette: enough to embrace all Protestant divisions. October 31st it was my privilege to admit into the Christian Church by bap- Another Movement Toward Union tism Mr. T. R. Ekambaram Iyer, the son of Mr. T. R. Ekambaram Iyer, late mas- The spirit of union is growing in ter of Pachaiyappa's College, Madras, and India. Draft resolutions have been a relative of the late Justice Muniswami prepared for a union of the Presby- Iyer, of the High Court, Madras. A very terian and Congregational churches in large gathering of Christians, Brahmans the United Provinces. It is supposed and other Hindu students of the college that the Allahabad Presbytery and the assembled to witness the ceremony. The local union of the Congregational baptismal service for "such as are oi churches should unite under the desig- riper years" must have made a deep imnation of "The Council of Presbyterian pression on the minds of these young and Congregational Churches," and men. Before the service began Mr. that this council should stand in the Ekambaram, in a few well-chosen words, same relation to the Presbyterian gave his reasons for the step he was ta- Church in India as the Allahabad king that day under God's guidance. He Presbytery now does, but that the said that the first seed was sown in his name of the Presbytery in its local re- heart fifteen years ago by the Rev. Dr. lationship shall be that just mentioned. Miller, of the Christian College, Mad- The delegates to the councilor presby- ras, and that subsequent contact with tery shall be allocated by the sessions Christian missionaries led him nearer and of Presbyterian churches and by the nearer to Jesus Christ until God's Holy church meetings of Congregational Spirit gave him the courage and boldness churches. These resolutions are to be to confess before men what he felt and submitted to the Allahabad Presbytery believed in his heart, namely, that Jesus and the Congregational churches for Christ was his Savior. approval. CHINA Popular Government in Prospect An epoch-making event occurred in China on October 14 when in the capi- tals of the 21 provinces there met, for the first time in all her long history,

provincial assemblies composed of rep- Li, the president, spoke of federation resentatives of certain classes of peo- under the figure of workmen building ple, thus introducing the element of a house and each group doing the de- popular participation into the govern- tails of its work in its own way, but ment of this most ancient nation. The all in accordance with the plan of the members of these assemblies consist chief architect. So the temple of God, wholly of the gentry and student so the kingdom of heaven is to be classes and no office-holders are eli- built up. Another illustration of our gible to them. While in the beginning essential unity used by him was that, the sole power of these assemblies is while all Chinese shave the head and advisory, they are designed as training wear the cue and have the same sort schools preparatory to the exercise of of clothing, yet it can be told even by greater powers, each succeeding year, the way the head is shaven, or the cue until, with the inauguration of a na- is plaited, or by other details of the tional parliament eight years hence, costume, from what part of the em- they will become real provincial legis- pire one comes. So, tho as Chris- latures. The influence of this step tians we differ in name and in matters and its progress in the direction of a of detail, we are all subjects of one constitutional government for China King and we are all loyal to him.

can not be overestimated. Salvation Army to Invade China A Fine Spectacle of Christian Unity According to the Chinese Recorder, In Tientsin there are four missions: some time during the present year the The American Board, London So- Salvation Army plans to begin work ciety, United Methodist and Metho- among the Celestials, with Chefoo for dist Episcopal. All these united in an headquarters. Hitherto no work has invitation to our evangelists to come been undertaken in the empire, largely and take charge of all churches, mis- on the ground that its quasi-military sionaries and Chinese teachers for two methods were not adapted to this weeks; each stating, "We willingly peace-loving people.

put ourselves under your orders for a A Busy Missionary campaign." This is union indeed, and in the highest sense. No doubt, if Here are a few sentences taken from one of the other denominations having the letter of a missionary in China unusual evangelistic power should ap- which will throw a little light on the pear, the Methodist Episcopal mission complexity of missionary work: would reciprocate this act of confi- During the past six weeks I have sent dence and brotherly love. A poster in out fully 150 pounds of mail matter in Chinese was distributed, stating where the interest of the work for the coming and when services would be held in year, or rather, the year that we have the Chinese churches, and what minis- just entered upon. In addition to this ters from outside Tientsin would as- f am erecting nine buildings on my field, sist.-Christian Advocate. ranging in cost from $900 to $14,000, and I find that this takes a great deal of my Chinese Christians and Comity time. Weare now launching an enter- prise that will cost, all told, $14,000 at The second annual meeting of the one point. I must run up there in the Federation Council of Kiangsu prov- morning to look matters over. This ince was held at Nanking, November marks the beginning of simply taking 24 and 25. There were about 30 dele- that stronghold for Christ and the gates present, perhaps half of them Church.-World-Wide Missions.

Unhappy Lot of Chinese Doctors Chinese. These missionary societies He patches health by contract. were represented: Southern Baptist, Each family from whom he receives Presbyterian North and South, Dis- a yearly stipend can command his ciples, China Inland, London and services at will. Hence his interest is Friends. In his opening address Mr. to keep down sickness among subscri-

GENERAL MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

bers, especially since every day of ill- $60 a year. Dr. T. M. Liung, a dentist ness means to him not only loss of returned from California, was largely intime, but the deduction of a day's pay strumental in securing a valuable corner from his honorarium. lot, within a few minutes' walk of the cen- ter of Hongkong, on which is a four-story Comparatively secure is the lot of building. Thus our mission in Kwangthe ordinary Chinese practitioners, for tung, wholly originated, supported, and whom the utmost penalty for a mis- maintained, by the Chinese in America chance is loss of income, as compared and in Kwangtung, owns four buildings, with that of the Imperial court phy- worth about $10,000, without indebtedsician. To this high functionary, who ness, has about 120 church members, attends the high officials also, inability more than 100 in the Sunday-schools, to cure a patient is a matter of much and two boys' and two girls' schools. graver comment. Thus, the deaths of the Empress-Dowager and the young KOREA Emperor resulted in the degradation by two classes of five doctors, while Christianity in Korea the president of the Imperial hospital and two assistants were prohibited al- Rev. Eugene Bell has just fortogether from following their profes- warded the statistics of all the Protession.-Harper's Weekly. tant missions in Korea for the year ending June 30, 1909. There are 2,043 A Chinese Educator Converted groups of believers, with 42,244 bap- tized members, 50,516 catechumens, A missionary writes in the Herald and 76,280 adherents. These Chrisand Presbyter: tians of all denominations contributed $132,742 in United States currency, an Something occurred here in North average of $3.14 for each baptized China recently which has greatly glad- Christian. When the poverty of these dened the hearts of missionaries, and people is considered, this is a most restartled many others. Chang Bow Lin, markable tribute to their love for one of the foremost educators in these Christ and His Church. There are parts, a Confucianist of the highest stand- 283 Protestant missionaries at present ing, has become a Christian. He was laboring in Korea. The French baptized in Tientsin, entering the Method- Roman Catholics have about 40 or 50 ist Church. He was influenced through foreign priests, who live at about 40 the Y. M. C. A. When he decided to different stations scattered over the become a Christian, he hastened to Pe- country, and claim a large following. king to tell the wealthy and influential patrons of his school of this important Another Korean Leader an Earnest step. Chang Bow Lin insisted on resign- Christian ing from the presidency of the school. He is dead in earnest and spoke to a num- The Hon. H. Y. Sim, who was sent ber of leading men, telling them of the to Tokyo by the Korean Government great change in his life. to look after the interests of Korean students in that capital, was not a Home Mi.sions in China Christian when he went to Japan. But he came under the influence of the Says World-wide Missions: missionaries and is now an earnest Christian, speaking frequently to stu- In 1901 the Rev. Yu~ Kwai, a Chinese dents in the Sunday afternoon meetconverted in California, went out to ings of the Young Men's Christian Aswork among his fellow countrymen, and sociation. especially to gather up the Chinese Methodists who had returned from the A Million-souls Campaign! United States. Assisted by the Chinese missionary Society in San Francisco, Mr. During the coming year, the Chris- Yue Kwai built a church and school, and tian Church in Korea, made up of peogathered a considerable congregation. In ple so recently brought from heathen- -1907 he opened work in a market town ism, is to engage in a campaign for in the Sanning district, and later started the winning of 1,000,000 souls for a mission in a railroad town on the line Christ. The holy boldness of this enconnecting Hongkong and Canton. A Christian Chinaman who had returned from Sacramento bUIlt a girls' school in Kwangtung province at a cost of $800 and is supporting the school at a cost of

terprise will be seen when we remem- rean officials to a dinner together with ber that there are but 80,000 01ris- those of the Y. M. C. A. in Japan, who tians in Korea, and in order to accom- had come to attend the ceremony. plish their purpose they must win a soul each every month. The young The Resident General, Prince Ito, in- vited to a dinner some scores of the Korean Church has been noted from Japanese, Koreans and some foreigners the first for its evangelistic fervor, and who had come to Korea in connection that its heart is big its intention de- with the opening of the Y. M. C. A. clares. Dr. W. H. Forsythe writes of building, when he spoke upon the "Reathe plans laid for this great campaign, son for his having sympathy with Chrisand they embrace four things: " ( I) tianity, as well as with the work of the United prayer for the outpouring of Y. M. C. A." His speech made a very the Holy Spirit, convincing the un- good impression upon those present, inconverted of sin, of righteousness and cluding Dr. Richard, who had come from of the judgment. (2) A house-to- China.* house visitation, during which an invitation shall be given to all to accept JAPAN Christ as a personal Savior. (3) The wide circulation of the Word of God, Japanese Christians Desire Autonomy an endeavor to put a Bible in every A Protestant church federation was Korean home. (4) The daily prayer: the immediate outcome of the recent Korea for Christ." celebration of the semi-centennial of Protestant missions in Japan held in The Japanese Chief-Justice in Korea Tokyo. Delegates from the missions of the Baptist, Episcopalian, Congre- A letter from Chief Justice Noboru gationalist, Disciple, Quaker, Meth- Watanabe, head of the Judiciary De- odist, Reformed and Presbyterian partment in Korea, shows what type churches joined in the action. This movement for unification was greatly of man he is, and how earnest and sin- stimulated by a sacramental service cere are the efforts which are being the day before, where 600 Japanese, made by the Japanese for the regen- Europeans and Americans of many eration of that country. Judge Wat- denominations commemorated toanabe is the efficient president of the gether the death of their common Y. M. C. A. in Seoul. The letter Lord. Tho showing heartiest honor (dated January 27, I90 9) , is to Rev. to all missionaries, nevertheless, it was H. Loomis and reads in part as fol- evident in almost every hour that the lows (translation): semi-centennial must be considered as marking the end of the missionary The relation between the Japanese and epoch in the empire. A circular, pre- Koreans is improving. In our Judiciary pared beforehand by the Japanese, had Department, the question of harmonizing stated that the occasion would signify the two peoples was the great problem "the emergence of the Japanese which taxed my brain to the utmost at Church from the stigma of being an first, but, thanks to Heaven, we have alien parasite to the acknowledged had no misunderstanding or collision be- status of an indigenous institution." tween us. Nothing said indicated a desire to dis- pense with missionaries; but they want The harmony between the two people the American and European ministers must be brought about by the Chris- and teachers to regard themselves as tians. The other day, I was invited by working, not in behalf of homeland the Yang Dong Church, founded by churches, but as agents of the Japanese Dr. J. S. Gale, to address them and I dwelt on the necessity of the Christians Church.-Interior. becoming the cure of these abominable differences between the two people, Oriental Religions in Peril citing Ephesians 2: 1-6. The religions of the Orient and the The Y. M. C. A. is also endeavoring Occident are at war with each other, to bring about this desirable harmony. the on~ aiming at defensive protec- The Korean Y. M. C. A. building held its opening ceremony in the beginning * Prince Ito has contributed $2,500 for building of December, and the Japanese Y. M. C. A. members invited the leading Ko- a Christian church at Pyeng Yang.-H. L. tion, the other at offensive destruc- 459! This is a consecration of med- tion. To protect themselves the bet- ical science to the service of our Lord. ter from the Western invader the If this is not preaching the Gospel in various cults of Buddhism are arrang- the literal sense, it is a fine application ing protective armor under the idea of of the healing mission of the world's consolidation. Koe, a publication of Redeemer, and a striking illustration Tokyo, Japan, has this to remark: of what the Christian nations ought to do. The various sects of Buddhism in Ja- pan are showing a strong tendency to- A serum has recently been dis- ward fusion into one vast body. The covered and is in use in Rockefeller movement is growing, altho still meeting Institute, New York, which it is be- with resistance in some quarters. Mean- lieved will prove as effective in stamp- while many sects are gaining accession ing out sleeping-sickness as vaccina- to their numbers from the ranks of the tion is in preventing smallpox. hitherto indifferent, thanks to the inde- pendence given them by the power which Islam Begins to Tremble thus seeks to counteract the influence of foreign religious authority. Very many A committee under the presidency Buddhists are of opinion that fusion and of the Sheikh SeEm el-Bishri, chan- unity themselves will be the best means cellor of Al-Azhar University in of contending with the influence of Occi- Egypt, has called a conference of the dental religion. leaders of the Moslem faith to meet at Cairo, February, 1911. The move- AFRICA ment is in charge of the "The Com- mittee of the Islamitic Congress." Its Light for the Dark Continent headquarters are at Cairo, at the an- cient university founded by Saladin, The Christian Express, of Love- and circulars have been issued to the dale, has recently published these different branches of Islam throughfacts which summarize the agencies out the world giving the reasons for at work for the redemption of this calling a ~onference and inviting them continent: to send delegates. The fact that in three Moslem countries, Turkey, Per- No less than 104 Protestant organiza- sia and Morocco, rulers have been tions are in cooperation. The Scriptures driven from their thrones within a have been translated, wholly or in part, year or two, and that there is great into 117 languages and dialects. Eight unrest in all Moslem lands, is believed colleges have been established, 59 theo- to have something to do with the call. logical schools, 83 boarding and high schools, 63 industrial schools, 2 schools Converts from the Coptic Church for training nurses, several kindergartens, and some thousands of common schools. British and American Christians Forty-three hospitals and 107 dispensa- have always felt and must always feel ries are ministering to the sick and suf- deep sympathy with the people, by fering, and on an average 150,000 patients far the most interesting in Egypt, are treated every year; as well as 3 leper known as the Copts. Nowhere is hospitals, 13 orphanages and 23 homes there a more genuine monumental for rescued slaves. The mission presses race, seeing that the Copts are the true number 33, and 31 missionary magazines representatives of the primitive Egypare published. tians and are at the same time the actual remnant of the early Christian Sleeping-sickness Doomed Church in Egypt. They are more nu- merous than is generally imagined, for Dr. Albert Cooke, the missionary, they number fully a million in the land first took special note of that terrible of the Nile, and, despised as they have scourge of Africans-the "sleeping been by the ascendent Moslems, they sickness." Between the years 1898 are undoubtedly far superior to them and 1905, more than 200,000 deaths, in intellectual capacity. The earnest iii. the two kingdoms of Uganda alone, could be traced to this devastating disease; that was almost at the rate of 30,000 a year. Thanks to the blessing of God, and the skill of medical science, the deaths had fallen during the first "ix months of I909 to only

mission work of British and American addition to the oversight of pastoral Protestants has recently begun to show and missionary work among a polyglot encouraging results. The native popUlation in and around Freetown Coptic Church had lapsed into a (in the streets of which some 20 lanlethargic condition, but a wonderful guages are spoken), and throughout awakening ha~ been witnessed chiefly the protectorate of Sierra Leone, the through the efforts of the agents of bishop had the superintendence of the United Presbyterian Church of Church of England work in Gambia, America, which has concentrated very the Canaries, Madeira, Azores, French much of its effort on the task of stim- Guinea and part of Morocco. ulating and elevating the Copts. At Asyut College 600 young Egyptians Civilization and Miaaions are under Christian training. Ex-President Roosevelt has said A Model African King about missions: A Methodist missionary writes fr0111 There is a question that is larger than Angola: either government or trade, and that is the moral well-being of the vast mil- The Christian village of Hombo is a lions who have corne under the protecproof of the power of the Gospel. At tion of modern governments. The repdaybreak every morning the horn is resentative of the Christian religion must hI own and the people assemble at the have his place side by side with the king's house to hear the Word of God man of government and trade, and for read, and to praise and pray. Witchcraft generations that representative must be and superstition have fallen under the supplied in the person of the foreign power of the Gospel, and the heathen are missionary from America and Europe. taking knowledge of it. The native Civilization can only be permanent and church at Loanda contributes $17 a month continue a blessing to any people if, in for the support of native workers on a addition to promoting their material native station in the interior of Angola. well-being, it also stands for an orderly individual liberty, for the growth of in- Native Christians in Africa telligence and for equal justice in the administration of law. Christianity alone Professor vVarneck states in the meets these fundamental requirements. ninth edition of his history of Protes- The change of sentiment in favor of the tant missions, which has just been pub- foreign missionary in a single generalished, that Africa has now I,SII,SOO tion has been remarkable. Protestant and 608,000 Roman Catholic native Christians. According to Two Missions Unite in Education the Missions-Zeitschrift, edited by Professor Warneck, Cape Colony The spirit of cooperation is finding alone contained 786,725 native Chris- expression in the work of the United tians (only 8,589 Catholics) out of a Free Church of Scotland in its Natal total population of 1.830,063 in I904. mission and the Zulu mission of the Thus the situation in Africa is far American Board. A scheme was more encouraging than former figures adopted, subjected to reconsideration have led us to believe. and revision at the end of three years, providing that the theological and The Late Bishop of Sierra Leone Bible school of the two societies shall be located at the central station of the The Church in West Africa suffered United Free Church Mission, the prinsudden and sore bereavement when cipal to be chosen by that board and Bishop Elwin, in the eighth year of an associate to be appointed and suphis episcopate and at the early age of ported by the American Board. There thirty-eight, so recently yielded up his is also to be a training-school for Zulu spirit to God. Upon the appointment boys and a normal-school to be loof Bishop Taylor-Smith as chaplain- cated at the American Board traininggeneral in 1902, Principal Elwin was station. The principal of this school consecrated bishop. The labors to is to be appointed by the American which he was thus set apart were Board and the United Free Church arduous, and the diocese large; for in Mission is to supply a teacher.

MISSIONARY INTELLIGENCE

Scores Accepting the Gospel them suddenly escaped. After a long search two of the runaway children In an account of recent events in were discovered as they were devourthe Niger Mission the Rev. G. T. ing the flesh of their companion which Basden, of Oka, writes: they had roasted in a large fire. If this companion had died a natural About the middle of July Bishop and death or had been killed by her hun- Mrs. Tugwell arrived at Onitsha. He gry companions, could not be ascerfound a great deal of Episcopal work tained. Truly the home and the Gospel awaiting him. On four successive Sun- are needed for these benighted heathen days he held confirmation services, two children. on each side of the Niger. Some of the services were wonderful. I should much ISLANDS OF THE SEA have liked to be present at Christ Church, Onitsha. There were 24 candidates from An Experiment With Drunkards Okuzu among the 87 confirmed on that day. These candid~tes were the first to An interesting experiment of a be confirmed from Okuzu. I hear there novel kind has been tried in New Zeawere 1,200 people present at the service. land. The authorities there were sick The church holds comfortably between of sending drunkards to prison, and six hundred and seven hundred, so they they made a bargain with the Salvawere tightly packed, while many had to tion Army to purchase two islands, far take up their position outside the church. enough out in the ocean to prevent es- Fortunately, the windows are low and cape, but near enough for constant have no glass or other obstruction, so it communication with the mainland. To is quite possible to hear all that is going these islands the magistrates consigned on inside. the inebriates, and they were employed there in occupations suitable to them, Home for Liberated Slave-children in including agriculture and fishing. The the Sudan success of the experiment has been so great that the government has raised In the central part of the Sudan the the capitation grant from 73 to lOS slave traffic still lives in spite of the per head per week. earnest efforts of the Anglo-Egyptian Government to stamp it out. Un- The Maoris of To-day scrupulous Mohammedan rascals continue to steal unhappy men, women Says a writer in Guild Life and and children, ofttimes destroying the Work: homes from which they are taken, and to transport them across the country Of the original Maoris, of whom there to the places where they can sell them. are between forty and fifty thousand, we The officials watch diligently for these saw too little. The cannibal feasts are slave-caravans and liberate all the vic- of the past. So are the elaborately tattims whenever they succeed in over- tooed faces of fearless warriors, tho the taking one. The men and women, thus ladies of the leading families still decoset free in a strange land, are able rate their chins. The acting Prime Minto take care of themselves more or less ister is a half-caste Maori. Many of well, but the future of the orphaned them are studying for the professions, children gradually became a most and the Maori has the same political and serious problem, the government ma- educational privileges as the European. king no effort to take care of them. Great tracts of land are still in his pos- At last the Sudan United Mission has session. Nearly all seem to be nominal founded a home for such children, to Christians at least. At Napier I visited which they are transported after their a most interesting school for native and liberation and where they are to re- half-caste girls, conducted by the Misses ceive a Christian education. Many of Williams. The Maoris are a fine race, these children are in a state bordering but, to our Western ideas, given to indoclose on bestiality, as the following in- lence, due no doubt to their traditions cident shows: A slave-caravan had and their circumstances. The last cenbeen captured by the officials and the sus showed increased numbers, tho there liberated children were being taken to are still not half as many as in Cook's the missionary home, when three of day. The general opinion is that their fate will be absorption by the white population. Roman Catholic Aggression in Foreign ences with Roman Catholic mIssIon- Fields aries, who are following them and try German missionary magazines and to push them aside by the show of reports contain many references to the greater power and larger means and activity of Roman Catholic mission- sometimes, alas! by the use of meth- aries in the German colonies, which, ods of which professing Christians in some cases, seriously threaten the ought to be ashamed. The charge is Protestant work. From German East openly made that upon the Carolines Africa the annual r.eport of the Leip- the Roman Catholic missionaries slan- sic Missionary Society reports: "The dered and calumniated the Protestant intrusion of the Roman Catholic mis- forces, while among the heathen Kols sionaries into the Pareh mountains is the Jesuits gave money freely, that to be regretted. Since it was impos- they might weaken the Protestant sible to dissuade them from their in- forces.

tention, our Missionary Committee The Protestant missionaries in the agreed with them that the middle and German colonies call earnestly for the northern part (in its southern prayer and wisdom in meeting this half) of Pareh should be yielded to aggressiveness of the Roman Catholic them. In spite of this agreement one forces, which act in accordance with priest has entered the southern part the principle that all outside the Ro- of Pareh and· has attempted to settle man Catholic Church are heretics and three-quarters of an hour only from heathen, and need to be converted.

our station, Mbaga, tho the people Philippine Independent Catholic Church protested."

From Southwest Africa the mis- Last night, an AgJipayano priest- sionaries of the Rhenish Missionary "Theodore Cross" (Teodoro Cruz)- Society complain that the Roman called upon us for an hour. He is an Catholic Mission has been seeking to officiating priest of the Philippine In- turn away Protestant converts. The dependent Catholic Church (or, as it older and better-taught congregations is often called, the "Aglipayano have withstood these attempts, but in Church") here in Lucban. This the South, among the Bondels of the church was organized a few years ago Warmbad district, the Romanists seem by a Roman Catholic priest, whose likely to get ahead of the evangelical name is Aglipay (a Filipino). With work. In the East also, in the neigh- a feeling for more independence and borhood of Gobabis, a large Catholic with a desire to institute some reforms hospital has been erected at Swakop- in the Catholic Church, he organized mund, and is used to hinder Protestant the Independent Catholic Church of work. the Philippines. He is the "Bishop From Togoland, the workers of the Maximus" of the whole Church. They North German Missionary Society re- have severed all connection with the port: "The struggle is growing sharp- Pope of Rome, and the Roman er with the Roman Catholic Church, Catholic Church; they have their own which entered Togoland much later headquarters, etc., in Manila. They than the Protestant forces." Togo- permit the reading of the Bible by land has now 20 Protestant and 66 members, and permit their priests to Roman Catholic missionary laborers, marry. They have their own churches, while the native Protestants number cemeteries, etc. They claim to have 4,574 and the native Roman Catholics I ,000,000 members and adherents in 6,163. The Protestant missionary the Philippine Islands. Their ritual, schools have 3,817 pupils, but the Ro- doctrine, worship, and belief is about man Catholic schools 6,278. the same as that of the Roman Church.

In the South Sea the missionaries But they have taken a few radical upon the Bismarck and the Caroline steps toward reform and liberalism.

Islands are having the same experi- This Church has opened the way for

GENERAL MISSIONARY

the Protestant Church in many towns. left the Roman Catholic Church and They are generally friendly to Protes- became Protestants. Thus, more tants, and attend our services very Roman Catholics in Vienna became often. They permit Protestants to be Protestants in 1908 than in 1903 buried in their cemeteries, while (4,5 10), 190 4 (4,362 ), 1906 (4,364), Romanists will not. The priest men- and 1907 (4,197), and only a few less tioned above is very friendly to us, than in 1902 (4,624) and 190 5 and visits us often and talks freely of (4,855)· When the movement, which his and our church work. He asked is commonly called the Los-von-Romlast night to borrow two of our Sab- Bewegung (Away-from-Rome Movebath-school picture charts. His little ment), commenced, Roman Catholic girl (eight years old) attends our Sab- leaders pronounced it a movement of bath-school. This attitude is very dif- momentary influence and prophesied ferent from that of the Roman priests, that it would cease quickly, and many who do not care to come in contact Protestants thought likewise. The with Protestants in any way. They movement has existed almost eleven are bitter and bigots !-Herald and years, has brought 51,177 Roman Presbyter. Catholics into the Protestant fold, and shows no signs of decay. Decadence of Roman Catholicism in Home Fields OBITUARY Bolivia, one of the inland republics J. J. Fuller, of Africa of South America, has been a strong- Rev. Joseph Jackson Fuller, widely hold of popery for many centuries. It known in England as a speaker on mis- has remained practically closed to all sions, passed away in Stoke Newing- evangelistic effort until a few years ton on December lIth last, at the ad- ago and the few missionaries, at work vanced age of eighty-four. He was among its two millions of inhabitants, born a slave in Spanish Town, J a- were scarcely allowed to use any other maica. When the English Emancipa- method than education. Now, it ap- tion Act of 1834 was passed, Joseph, pears, more religious liberty is to be a child of nine, was made free.

allowed and Roman Catholicism is to When quite young, Fuller came into be greatly weakened. A law has been the possession of a Bible, which had passed which closes all cloisters and been sent to Jamaica by an English convents and forbids the entrance of boy to be given to a black child.

monks and nuns into the country. All It is noteworthy that the father of property of the Roman Catholic the future missionary – Alexander Church, which is valued at about 78 Fuller, who had, of course, also been millions of dollars, becomes property a slave-was himself one of Jamaica's of the Republic, and the consecration early converts. When the realization of monks and nuns is strictly forbid- of the blessings of freedom, due main- den. Thus Roman Catholicism is ly to the efforts of missionaries, ex- harshly dealt with in Bolivia, where it cited compassion for the negroes in has held full sway so long, while Africa, Alexander Fuller was one of Protestantism is given full liberty to the first Christian natives to go forth preach the Gospel. from Jamaica. Later he went with his From another domain of Roman father as a missionary to Fernando Catholicism, Austria, comes also news Po, but owing to the action of the of continued inroads being made into Spanish Government, the mission was the ranks of the followers of the Pope. transferred soon after to the Kam- The Protestant Church Government eruns, on the coast of Africa. There (Oberkirchenrath) has published the he continued for the long period of list of persons who joined the Protes- forty years, or until the mission was tant Church in Vienna during 1908. handed over to the Basel Missionary According to this list 4,585 persons Society. THE LIVING CHRIST AND DYING HEATHEN- in three respects-its calm judicial spirit, its scholarly and philosophical ISM. By Johannes L. Warneck, Lie. exhaustiveness, and its assurance and Theo!. Translated from the third Ger- confidence of evangelical success. He man edition by Rev. Neil Buchanan. shows the awful darkness and destitu- 12mo, 312 pp. $1.75, net. Fleming H. tion which animism brings, and that Revell Co., New York. 1909. the only way out of this quagmire of despair is the hope the Gospel gives. Superlatives are cheap, and may be Animistic heathen are bound by three used so frequently as to lose all force. fetters-fear, demon worship, and fate. But it is not too much to say of this Dr. Warneck holds that fear and fatalbook that it belongs in the front rank ism are utterly paralyzing to their vicof books of its sort. It is at once an tims-the former destroying all hope historical and analytical, philosophical and the latter discouraging all effort, and psychological, scholarly and prac- and leading to a stoical indifference tical study, of animistic heathenism, and inaction. But he believes that prompted by personal experience and demon worship is not merely a vain observation of animism among the and vague superstition founded on .a Battaks in Sumatra, and a more com- fancy; but that behind idols and false prehensive investigation of kindred gods there lie actual demonic forces, facts throughout the world-field. so that it is true that the heathen wor- ship demons, as the Word of God says. Animism is an imperfect term to express the wide-spread belief in the ex- eLev. xvii: 7, Deut. xxxii: 17, Psa. istence of spirit or soul as distinct from matter or constituting a sort of per- cvi: 37, I Cor. x: 20: 21, Rev. i(c 20: vasive essence or animating principle xvi: 14.) in matter. It holds to the existence of spiritual beings, souls, demons, deities, THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF HENRY M. STANangels-by whatever name called; and LEY. Edited by his wife. Map and ilattributes to inanimate objects and lustrations. 8vo, 550 pp. $5.00, net. substances, and natural phenomena, Houghton, Mifflin Co., Boston. 1909. the personal soul-life, difficult to define, but only the more to be dreaded Here is one of the great books of because indefinable. The system it is the year. It is one of those the readhard even to outline, but it is here ing of which makes men better-like fellowship with a noble friend. Standelineated by one whose pen is like the ley's life story is of absorbing interest, pencil of an artist, every stroke tells. full of incident, adventure, keen obser- The careful reader is at no loss to un- vations and not without romance, paderstand why this remarkable book, thos and humor. He was a man who within less than a twelvemonth, achieved greatness rather than rereached a third edition. ceived it by birth or free gift.

The author depicts the animistic su- He was born to the name of John perstition with a vividness that is al- Rowland, and was brought up in a most visibility. His discussion is in poorhouse at St. Asaph, in England, three parts-first, a philosophical state- where he lived a life of pitiful neglect. ment of Battak beliefs, spirit worship, He ran away and went to sea, only to and the practical effects on the indi- suffer more abuse and to be subjected vidual and collective life; then, a por- to many temptations. He landed in trayal of heathenism and Christianity New Orleans friendless and penniless; obtained work, was adopted by Mr. in actual conflict, with the reasons for Stanley, a Christian merchant; fought the antagonism and the influences in the Civil War; became a newspaper operative on both sides; and then, correspondent in Turkey and Spain finally, the grounds for confidence in and India; searched for and found the ultimate triumph of the Gospel of Livingstone in Central Africa; dis- Christ, which is inspiring in its out- covered the sources of the Nile and look. We have seen no book of its kind for years that compares with it the Kongo; founded the Kongo Free stirred by the evidences of the love of State and became the first governor; God and the power of His spirit manwent in search of Emin Pasha in the ifested in the mission fields of the Sudan and brought him to the coast; became an author, lecturer and mem- world. The result is a man's view ber of Parliament, and finally passed of the reasons for world-evangelism away in 1904 leaving an enviable and a man's statement of tlIe causes record behind him. which have led to the laymen's up- rising in the missionary cause. The book is by no means a compilation from Stanley's other published One of the stirring stories is that of writings, altho it covers all the prin- Dr..Goucher, the Baltimore College cipal events of his adventurous and president who became known in India useful life. His wife, Dorothy Ten- as the savior and friend of thousands nent, has, with masterful mind, gath- of "Goucher Boys" whom he educated ered the material for the latter part and Christianized. This is a sample from Stanley's diaries, books and unpublished manuscripts. The story of what a missionary investment is shows Stanley the man-his thoughts, worth. feelings, beliefs, aims, hopes. We see him to be a man of high principles and Missionary work is a man's job in firm belief in God and in prayer. The the same way and for the same rea- Bible was his chief solace in the wilds son that any great campaign, commerof Central Africa and he says that cial, political or philanthropic enter- prise is a man's job. It requires grit, there he learned to know God. heroism, energy, self-sacrifice, uncon- Indirectly this is a great missionary querable faith and spirit. Every power of mind and body; statesmanlike book, for Stanley's work prepared the foresight, military genius, the energy way for Christianity. His beautiful and acumen of a commercial prince, and devoted tributes to Livingstone; the indomitable faith of a pioneer, and his earnest work for the conversion of the unselfish unconquerable love of a Mtesa, king of Uganda; and his ap- savior of men are all needed in this peal to England that missionaries be great work; and they are evident in it. sent to Uganda, and his faith in God Some of the greatest men in every all show his Christian character and calling have been missionaries and have left their mark on the worldzeal. Carey, the scholar; Livingstone, the We know of no better book for explorer; Verbeck, the statesman; Mackay, the engineer; Parker, the young men; parts of it sound more physician; Paton, the preacher. like the observations of a preacher than like those of a traveler, but there Mr. Ellis tells the remarkable story is so much virility and human interest of the Laymen's Movement and deand movement in the narrative that it scribes some of its work; he shows the logical sequence of the awakened inis neither didactic nor dull. terest of men in missions and the effect of the reports given by men who are MEN AND MISSIONS. By William T. Ellis. making missionary tours of the world. 12mo 315 pp. $1.00, net. The Sunday- The men are awake; carping critics scho~l Times Co., Philadelphia. 1909. are silenced; the ignorant are ashamed to speak and the indifferent are seeing Men seem to be just awaking to tlIe in foreign missions the greatest work fact that the work of winning the in the world. world to Christ is a man's job. It requires the command of Christ, the love Mr. Ellis also pricks some bubbles of God and the power of His Spirit to and dispels some darling illusions; make it successful. Mr. Ellis is a newspaper man ,,:ho made. ar:t ind~­ he shows some of the problems that pendent investigation of miSSIOns m appeal to a man's mettle, and defends the field. He has seen the vision of the missionary and the native convert ruined lives; he has heard the com- against false charges. mand of the risen Christ, and has been

One of the most useful portions of THE STORY OF TR~ NEGRO. The Rise of the book is the appendix, in which the Race from Slavery. By Booker T. working methods are given for the Washington. 2 yols., 12mo. Doublehelp of local churches. day, Page & Co., New York.

THE SPIRIT OF YOUTH AND THE CITY TRANS-HIMALAYAS DISCOVERIES AND AD- STREETS. By Miss Jane Addams. 12mo, VENTURES IN TIBET. By Sven A. Hedin. 162 pp. $1.25, net. The Macmillan Co., 2 vols., illustrated. $7.50, net. Macmil- New York. 1909. lan Company, New York. 1909.

It is a good sign of the times that THE JUNJOR REPUBLIC. By William R. increasing attention is given to the en- George. I1Iustrated, 12mo. $1.50, net. vironment of children and the preven- l). Appleton & Co., New York. 1909. tion of criminal training in the city streets. Miss Addams has won a VANDERINGS AMONG SOUTH-SEA SAVAGES. name for herself by her books, ad- AND IN BORNEO AND THE PHILIPPINES. By dresses and her well-advertised work in Hull House, Chicago. Miss Addams H. Wilfred Walker. 8vo. $2.50. Charles understands the temptations and evil Scribner's Sons, New York. 1909. surroundings of the city youth, but we do not believe she understands the THE RELIGION OF THE CHINESE. By J. J. remedy. Her work tries to develop the physical, social and mental nature, M. Degrott, Ph.D. 12mo, 230 pp. $1.25 but leaves untouched the mainsprings net. Macmillan Company, New York: -the religious and spiritual nature. A 1910. social dance may keep youth off the street but will not keep the tempta- NEW CHINA: A STORY OF MODERN TRAVEL. tions of the street out of youths. Edu- By Revs. W. Y. Fullerton and C. E. cation is needed, but the trained mind Wilson. 3s, 6d, net. Morgan & Scott, will not purify the evil heart. Miss London. Addams' book is a help to the study of city youth, but does not solve their FIFTY YEARS OF NEW JAPAN. By Count problems and the problem of a de- Shigenobu Okuma. 2 vols. $7.50, I£et. generated society. E. P. Dutton & Co., New York.

MISSIONS. The Baptist Monthly Maga- SOUTH INDIAN MISSIONS. Containing zine. 75 cents a year. In clubs or Glimpses into the Lives and Customs five or more, 50 cents. 312 Fourth Ave., of the Tamil People. Illustrated, 12mo, New York. 312 pp. 2s, 6d, net. Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Fo"reign It would be difficult to conceive of a Parts, Westminster, S.W. 1910. more attractive Church magazine than the new monthly which combines the INDIA'S HURT AND OTHER ADDRESSES. By Baptist Missionary Home and Foreign W. M. Forrest. 12mo, 171 pp. 50 Magazine and Good Work. Typo- cents, net. Christian Publishing Co., graphically and from a viewpoint of St. Louis, Mo. general interest, it is well-nigh ideal. Weare loath to part with the attractive TWICE-BORN MEN. A Clinic in Regenera- Baptist Missionary Magazine and are tion. A Foot-note in Narrative to Prof. not convinced that the combination is a William James's "The Varieties of Restep in advance, but we are convinced ligious Experience." By Harold Begthat the new magazine will make many bie. 12mo, 280 pp. $1.25, net. Flemfriends for itself and for the cause of ing H. Revell Co., New York. 1910. missions at home and abroad. HAPPY HOURS FOR THE Boys AND GIRLS. A NEW BOOKS Book for Parents, Junior Leaders, Sun- VISIONS. By H. H. Montgomery, D.D., day-school Teachers and Pastors. By D.C.L. 16mo, 216 pp. Is, 6d, net. So- Daniel Elwood Lewis. 16mo, 128 pp. ciety for the Propagation of the Gos- 50 cents, net. Sunday-school Times pel in Foreign Parts, Westminster, Company, Philadelphia. S. W. 1909. THE CONVERTED CATHOLIC. Edited by Rev. James A. O'Connor. Volume XXV. January to December, 1909. 8vo, 436 pp. $1.25, net. James A. O'Connor, 331 West Fifty-seventh St., New York. THE SAILORS' MAGAZINE AND SEAMEN'S FRIEND, for the year ending December, 1909. Volume LXXXI. 12mo. Ameri- can Seamen's Friend Society, 76 Wall Street, New York.

PAMPHLETS THE LAYMEN AND EVANGELISM. Address at the Laymen's Evangelistic Confer- ence, New York. National Bible In- stitute, New York. 1909. INDIA'S HOPE AND CHINA'S DESTINY. Edited by Wm. J. W. Roome. Illustrated, 43 pp. 6d. Laymen's Missionary Move- ment of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland.